Selected quad for the lemma: rest_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
rest_n	bullet_n	great_a	powder_n	3,710	5	11.9725	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14722	Anima'dversions of vvarre; or, A militarie magazine of the truest rules, and ablest instructions, for the managing of warre Composed, of the most refined discipline, and choice experiments that these late Netherlandish, and Swedish warres have produced. With divers new inventions, both of fortifications and stratagems. As also sundry collections taken out of the most approved authors, ancient and moderne, either in Greeke. Latine. Italian. French. Spanish. Dutch, or English. In two bookes. By Robert Ward, Gentleman and commander.	Ward, Robert, fl. 1639.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1639 (1639)	STC 25025; ESTC S118037	599,688	501

starts aside in her discharge causeth errour in the shoot The fourth observation is about the platforme c. The fift observation is about the bullet The sixt observation is the winde c. Note a peece of Ordnance will shoot further from sea to land then from land to sea the thicknesse of the A●re at sea hinders the passage Note in spunging your peece you are to stand on the right side the spunge being drawne out you must give it a knock on the out-side of the mouth of the peece to shake off the foulnesse How to frame Cartrages of Canvas or paper which shall hold the due charge of powder for any kinde of peece if they bee made of paper then the seames are to bee glewed if cloth then towed Some use Formers of Wood made the just height of the Bore to winde the paper or cloth about to fashion it The papers of the Cartrage must be oyled and the canvasse must be tallowed over to defend them from wet How to charge a peece with a Cartrage How to give a Canon her true charge A Ladle containing a true charge for a Canon described An exact Rule to make a Ladle by which shall containe the due charge of any peece of Ordnance How to charge a peece Gunner●like with a Ladle How to finde out the ● 5 part of the bullets circumferēce that the Ladle may truely bee made thereby An arithmeticall example c. An observation how to charge a peece of Ordnance truly without ladle cartrages or scales or ballances Observations about the strength and conditions of Gunpowder and accordingly to order the charge to make a perfect shot The three sundry e●gredients that powder is made of with the quantities of the composition described How to know when powder is decayed through mutation or corruption three severall wayes According to the weight of the shot the powder must be proportioned whether it be Iron Leade or Stone-shot The difference in weight betwixt a Bullet of Leade Iron and Stone they being all three of one Diameter and Circumference The true quantity of Powder each kinde of Bullet requires for its proportionall charge Zote these proportions have beene observed to doe best execution The length of the Peece is to be considered before a due proportion of Powder can be allowed for its charge A difference in firing the Powder in a long from a shorter Peece An example whereby to finde out the true weight of a great Bullet by having the true weight of a small one performed by Arithmeticall Rules How to know by Arithmeticall Rules the weight of a marble Bullet by an Iron they beeing both of one Diameter By the same Rule to finde out the weight of an Iron Bullet by a Marble being both of one Diameter A Rule to finde out how much one Bullet is higher in Diameter then another A generall Rule to finde out the circumference by the Diameter The use of the following Table described Note to perform this the solid square inches must be found out by multiplying the measure of the known inches of the Diameter of the Bullet cubically and then againe multiply the Cube by 1● and divide the last Product by 21 and the number in the quotient is the solid square inches The square inch of an iron Bullet weighes foure ounces and so of the rest Mr. Nortons Art of Great Artillery p. 36. Mr. Nortons observations about the true charging a Peece of Ordnance with the due proportion of powder allowed to Bullets of each kinde of mettall prescribed Three things to bee considered in making a true shot The first is distance to the marke The second is beyond the distance of point-blancke The third is under point-blancke The quadrant described with its parts which is to bee made of Brasse or some hard Wood. The mounting o● imbasing of a Peece is performed by putting in o● drawing out the quines as reason shall direct Read Mr Nortons practice of Artillery pag. 97 98. and it will shew you by example how to performe these things but you shall finde errour committed by the Printer which must be amended The staffe to levell or imbase a Peece of Ordnance described read pag. 13● how to imbase a Peece by this staffe Note you must place your Rule upon the highest part of the mettall at the breech of the Peece coyning the Peece up or down untill through the fight o● 〈◊〉 the rule be listed to the part or divisiō in your rule that answers that degree you desire you espie the Corno●ze or highest part of mettall at the Peeces mouth and the marke all 3. in a straight Lyne Note the like order is to bee observed in mounting any other Peece of Ordnance by an inch Rule of what length soever ●●e be The manner of ●●aming this Staffe is described pag. 129. The best of a Morter-Peeces Randon is betweene 50 and 45 degrees of the Quadrant For what end Morter Peeces were invented and of the things to bee considered in the true levelling of it for the lesse way shee shootes the higher must her mouth bee raised to some degree above the best of the Randon as is sufficient to reach the marke How to make a perfect Shot in a Morter Peece proved by example Note the due charge of a Morter Peece is 1 10 part of the weight of the shotte in powder shooting upon any Mount above 45 degrees but with 1 2 parts shooting levell or downwards Note your Peece must have the same proportionall charge of powder and shot that it had at 52 degrees Generall Rules ● for the taking the heights by the right Shadow Note in this rule the farthest stationis twice the length of the height of the Altitude adding the distance from the groūd to your eye Note the farthest station is three times the length of the Altitude if you measure from the Base thereof Note if the Scale of the Quadrant were divided into 100. or a 1000 divisions by so much further from the thing to be measured you may find out the height thereof Divers Rules how to take the true distance from the platforme to any marke assigned by the helpe of the Quadrant Note the higher the Staffe is the further may you measure any distance by this Rule Euclid shewes this 33. pro●●● Booke and the fourth proposition 6 Booke Note you cannot take any far distance unles you ascend some Tree or Tu●ret the length thereof being knowne must stand instead of your staffe The Table of the square and Cubique ●oot is joyned to the Table of the severall weights of Bullets page 123. The Demonstration of this proposition is grounded upon the second and fourth Proposition of 6. of Euclid The Demonstration of this Proposition is grounded upon the 29 and 33 Proposition of the first of Euclid Note the Trench is to bee made 7 foot in height and 5 foot in bredth 4. things that hinders the effectual working of a Mine Foure principles each

with 7000 foot and 30 Troopes of Horse to a convenient place neere Osterhout where hee Incamped within three miles of the Enemy where he confronted the enemy and anticipated the place of great advantage for the Prince of Orange to have relieved the Towne by it After that the Prince of Orange did perceive their was no hopes of relieving the Towne hee provided for his safe Retreate to which end hee raised divers Workes to hinder Spinola from pursuing him As first upon a convenient passage hee raised a Fort to Retire his men into and to defend them from the sudden pursuite of the Enemy and upon the side next Spinolas Campe by which hee was to make his Retreate hee raised a Brest-worke along the Causie with a deepe Ditch to cover his men from the Enemies shot and also to obscure them in their Retreate Spinola fearing the Prince of Orange should have assaulted some of their Garrisons with his Army Hee commanded Grave Hendrick Vanden-Bergh to dog him with his Army to prevent his designes This Siege having lasted part of Summer all Winter and part of the Summer following which was a thing thought impossible to have bin done being eleven Months The Governour of Breda founded a Parley and was content to surrender the Towne they being almost famished if Spinola would agree to such Articles as hee should propound For the performance of which Articles there were sufficient Hostages from either side to confirme the Agreement I have set downe the Articles they being a most fit patterne for all Governours to shape their Agreements by The Articles follow First a Captaine of the Garrison of Breda brought Spinola two Copies of the Articles betwixt them that hee might first signe them both which done hee carried them backe to the Governour for him to signe one part of them was brought backe to Spinola Vpon the signing of these Covenants the Governour demanded 1200 Waggons and 60 Boats to carry away sicke and ma●med persons and others with their Carriages and Housholdstuffe which was by Spinola granted Imprimis It shall bee lawfull for the Governour of the Towne with the rest of the Officers and Souldies both of Horse and foot to March out of the Towne armed Souldier like viz. The Foot with flying Colours Drums beating compleatly Armed Bullet in mouth Match lighted at both ends their charges full of Powder and Shot The Horse with their Trumpets founding Standards displayed Armed in such sort as when they March towards the Enemy And that no Souldier shall bee of what Nation soever questioned or detained for any cause or pretext whatsoever not though he had formerly bin in the Enemies service All without exception having free liberty to march the best and most commodious way to their next Garrison without injurie hinderance or wrong done to their owne persons their Armes Horses or Baggage and this with all safety and assurance possible And further it shall bee lawfull for them to take their Wives Children Houshold Housholdstuffe Horses and Carts with the Armes of all Souldiers dead or hurt sicke or runne away without any search or inquiry made after them Item All Ministers or Preachers of the Word Commissaries of Musters Officers of Contribution with their Clerkes Ingineers Gentlemen of the Artillery the Auditor of the Souldiers Masters of Fire-workes Captaines of Pioners Canoners Surgions of Regiments and private Companies with all such as belong to the Traine of Artillery Marriners Notaries Overseers of Workes Provosts Pioners Carpenters Smithes Commissaries of the Victualls and all persons whatsoever any way belonging to the Artillery or Engines with their Wives Children and Servants Horse and Armes shall bee comprehended in the former Article and enjoy the same priviledges Item All Boats found about or in the Towne at this present as well those which arrived last with the Colonells as with any others shall be permitted with all their necessaries and tackling to returne to their next place of refuge guided by their own Pilots and Marriners in which it shall bee lawfull for them to Imbarke their Families and Housholdstuffe with the Armes and Baggage of the Colonells Captaines and other Officers of the Armie sicke persons with such as attend them and all others whosoever desire to passe by Water into their next safe Garrison And to this purpose the River shall bee open for them during the terme of twelve dayes and then within that space they may safely repaire to and joyne themselves with their other men of Warre and from thence take their journey to what place they please the Boats remaining still to their owne Masters and owners And during the sayd terme of twelve dayes no man shall dare to molest or hinder those Boats but shall permit them to passe freely with their Passengers without searching them for any cause or pretext whatsoever And if it chance that the passage of the River bee not yet freed and made Navigable againe by which their journey may bee any way hindered the time in which by that meanes the journey hath beene stayed shall not bee reckoned amongst those twelve dayes which terme they enjoy freely and withall assurance as well in the River it selfe as upon either shore of it where Marriner or any other Passengers shall have occasion to land for their commodity or affaires And if any of the Boats belong to any man who shall desire to reside still in the Towne of they shall bee tyed notwithstanding to helpe to transport Passengers and Baggage out of Breda and afterwards returne home to their Masters Item Spinola shall allow the Governour any reasonable and sufficient number of Waggons as hee shall demand to transport his owne the Colonell Captaines Officers and other mens Baggage of the Garrison to their next Garrison from whence they shall returne them safe and faithfully againe Item It shall bee lawfull for the Governour to carry out with his Garrison any foure Peeces of Artillery and two Morters hee shall make choice of with all their appurtinances and as much Powder and Ball as they will beare at sixe charges and it shall bee at his choice to transport them with their Carriages either by Water or by Lane And for this purpose the Marquesse Spin●la shall allow the Governour if hee shall demand it all Canon-Horses and others with their Waggons and Waggon-men as shall bee requisite for the transporting of these Peeces of Artillery and Morters with all their appurtenances Item What goods or Housholdstuffe belongs to the Prince of Orange it shall be lawfull for him or his Deputie to transport them to what place hee pleaseth within the time of sixe Moneths at which time a free passage shall bee given without any molestation or hinderance in the meane time the goods to bee safely preserved Item If it chance that any man comprehended in the two first Articles shall bee unable for his sicknesse to goe out of the Towne with the Garrison it shall be lawfull for such to remaine in the Towne

charging great Ordnance with their due proportion of Powder and Shot to every particular Peece with sundry other circumstances thereto belonging CHAP. XLIX Observations in charging great Ordnance with their due proportion of Powder and Shot to every particular Peece belonging with their Ladles Tampions and Spunges and all kinde of Circumstances Fit to be learned of every Commander both concerning Peeces Powder and Bullets WEE having travailed thus farre in observing what our famous Gunners of this latter Age have through their industry and experience found out to perfect and beautifie this noble Art which is now brought to a most excellent perfection I hold it most fit to discourse of every particular branch in an orderly way and to performe this I shall indeavour to picke and cull out of the ablest Authors their best practicall experiments and so briefly and distinctly handle them that the ingenuous Commander may profit thereby And first not forgetting how wee have formerly shewed the nature and quality of all kinde of Ordnance their due due strength and Fortitudes with divers accidents that may hinder their true shooting Now remaines divers further Observations and Curiosities which may not bee omitted in lading or charging them Gunner-like Wherefore having Powder Bullets and Match with other implements in readinesse for Service and before you charge your Peece you must cleere the Touch-hole and spunge the Peece well A Peece of Ordnance is eyther to be laded with Cartrages or with the Ladle Cartreges is the readiest way they are framed eyther of Canvas or paper royall For the making of these in a due proportion that they may neyther hold more nor lesse but a due charge You are to take the height of the Bore of the Peece without the vent of the shot then cut the cloth or paper of the breadth of three such heights and if it be for a Canon the length must be three Diameters of the Bore for a Culverin 4 and for a Saker Fawlcon and other inferiour Peeces 4 ½ parts of the height of their proper Bores Note you are to leave in the middest top and bottome one other such height at each of these places to lye over and make a Cover and a bottome for the Cartreges moreover you are to augment or diminish these Cartrages according as your Powder is in strength or weaknesse or according as your Peece is hot If your Peece bee an ancient cast Peece Taper bored the former of Wood must be made accordingly that the Cartreges may goe to the bottome if Chamber-bored the Cartrage must be layd in a thin instrument called a Chassela which will convey it into the Chamber but if right bored your Rammers head put it close home and with a three-square sharpe priming iron make a vent through the Cartrage at the Touch-hole so that the priming powder that is to take fire may come to the powder in the Cartrage The next thing considerable is to know how to give a true charge with a Ladle First we are to consider as formerly I have sayd whether the Peece be double fortified or not or whether inferiour in mettall a double fortified Canon is to bee charged with two Ladles full of powder the Ladle is to bee two Diameters and a halfe of the shot in length the socket of the Ladle-plate that is fastened on to the Staffe is to be one Diameter more of plate the breadth of the plate of this Ladle must be two Diameters Or rather observe this Rule take a Cord and measure the Circumference of the Bullet in the middest laying the same measure to an inch Rule then divide the same measure 5. into equall parts Note that three of these parts is the just breadth the plate of the Ladle ought to be of which being orderly placed on the Staffe as before and bent circularly serves to hold the powder in the other 2 ● parts being cut off and so left open serves to turne the powder into the Peece the Length of this Ladle is to be made according to the fortifying of the Peece with mettall For a Canon the length is to be 23. inches 1 ● parts For a Canon Serpentine 22. inches a French Canon 21. Demi-Canon eldest 22. Demi-Canon ordinary 20. Demi-Canon 21. inches and so for all inferiour peeces according as the Table in the beginning of this discourse doth plainly demonstrate To charge with this Gunner-like so soone as this Ladle is filled so full that it may be strucke off with a Rule the same being put into the mouth of a Peece and your thumbe being fixed upon the upper part of the Staffe so thrusting it home to the bottome of the concavitie of the Cillender turne the Staffe so as your thumbe falles directly under the Staffe so the Ladle will disburthen it selfe orderly Now to know the ● 5. parts of the Bullets Circumference that the Ladle may fitly hold her true charge Lay the measure of the Bullets whole Circumference to an inch Rule then multiply the same by 3. and divide the Product by the Denominator 5. the quotient will justly tell the breadth the plate ought to be of As for example You shall finde in the Table a Canon whose Bullet is 7. inches high in Diameter this will be 22. inches in the Circumference that multiplyed by 3. makes 66. which divided by 5. the quotient is 13. inches 1 2. the true breadth of the plate for a Canon Ladle of 7. inches Diameter But if it should so happen that neyther Ladle nor Cartrages were to be had nor ballances ready to weigh out the due proportion of powder for a charge then thrust your Rammer into the Cillender of the Peece just to the Touch-hole and there marke the Staffe even with the mettall at the peeces mouth then pull the Staffe backe three Diameters for the Canon and 3 1 2. for the Culverin and 4. Diameters for the Saker ●awlcon and the rest inferiour Peeces Likewise marke there another marke betweene these two markes is the place of distance the powder will supply in the Chamber of the Peece Then take Paper Parchment or Cloth as long as the distance betwixt the two markes then being wrapped up round equall with the Bore of the Peece onely 1 20. part lesse the sides and bottome being glewed fill it with powder and gently put it into the mouth of the Peece and thrust it home with the Tampion and see there be just so much powder as will occupie the place betweene the two markes so as the last marke be equall to the s●atte of the mouth the Rammers head being home to the powder But by the way let us take some observations of the mixture of Gunpowder so that the Gunner may not deceive himselfe in the over or under-charging his Peece according as the strength or weaknesse of the powder shall happen by meanes whereof it shall be impossible to make a true shot

Bullet of Iron to the like Bullet of Marble Stone shall beare such proportion as 18. to 48. as before is shewed and therefore I multiply the weight of the Iron Bullet knowne being 240. l. by 18. the proportion the Stone Bullet beareth thereto of which ariseth 4320. this being divided by 48. the quotient is 90. l. Thus much shal the Marble Bullet weigh that is in Diameter equall with the Bullet of Iron of 12. inches Diameter After the same manner take the height and weight of a Stone Bullet being 12. inches Diameter which weighes 90. l. and multiply this 90. l. by 48. the Iron Bullet beareth to the Stone which Product being divided by 18. which is the proportion the Stone beareth to the Iron the quotient will be 240. the number of pounds the Iron Bullet weighes After the same manner a Leaden Bullet being of the same Diameter that either an Iron or a Stone Bullet is of by knowing the proportion betweene Iron and Leade or Stone and Leade you may finde out the weight either by the other as before is shewed Moreover if there be two Bullets one higher in Diameter than the other if you want a paire of Callibre Compasses to take the just height you must take a Cord and guirt the Bullet or Bullets whose height you desire to know just in the midst then lay the measure to an inch Rule observing how many inches or other measure the same containeth which being done multiply the said measure by 7. and divide by 22. the quotient will shew you the just Diameter then abating the lesse Diameter from the greater the remainer will shew you how much the one is higher than the other As for Example If the Circumference of one Bullet be 20. inches and the Circumference of the other 30 inches in working as above is taught I finde the Diameter of the lesse Bullet to be 6 4 ● and the Diameter of the greater Bullet to be 9 6 ● so abating the lesser from the greater the remainer is 3. inches 2 11. parts of an inch shewing the great Bullet is so much in height more than the lesse To finde out the Circumference of any Bullet there is a generall Rule for it first the height of the Diameter being knowne you are to observe in the next place that the height of the Circumference is as 7. to 22. As suppose the Diameter to be 12. inches which 12. I multiply by 22. the Product is 264. which being divided by 7. the quotient is 37 ● the true Circumference of a Bullet 12. inches height Likewise having the Circumference of any Bullet you may finde out the height of the same but this is to be wrought contrary to the former conclusion As suppose the Circumference to be 37 ● ● as in the former demonstration you may perceive Therefore first you are to reduce both the whole and broken numbers being 37 ● 7. into his proper fraction and it will be 264 7. then observing Archimides doctrine multiplying by 7. and dividing by 22. the quotient will be 12. so many inches is the Diameter of the same Bullet And for your greater ease I have borrowed Master Nortons Table wherein is plainly shewed the height or Diameter from one inch to 14. with the weight of every particular Bullets Diameter both of Iron Leade and Stone fitted to the Assize of our English Measure of inches and parts Likewise according to our weight of Haberde-pois of 16. Ounces to the Pound the left Margent is to finde out the height of the shot in the first two Columes of inches and quarter of inches in the two second Columes under the title of Iron pounds Ounces you shall finde the weight thereof The like may bee understood if the shot be Leade by the third Columes or of Stone by the two last Columes each under his proper Title and over against the height assigned As for Example An Iron shot of 6. inches the weight will appeare to be 30. l. and if it were of Leade it would be 45. l. and of stone 11. l. 4. ounces view the Table following onely learne these Rules following for your helpe if an exact Table should be wanting First take the disproportion that Iron beares to Leade and Leade to Marble Stone for as formerly is shewed Iron is in weight to Leade as 30. to 46. Leade to Stone as 72. to 18. and Stone to ●ron as 18. to 48. An Iron Bullet of 6. inches Diameter that weiges 30. l. to know what a Leaden Bullet of the same proportion weighes First multiply the weight of the Iron Bullet knowne being 30. l. by 46. the disproportion Leade beareth thereto there ariseth 1380. which being divided by 30. the quotient is 46. As appeares in this Table Secondly if you would know what a Stone Bullet weighes of the same proportion a Leaden is of being 6. inches Diameter and weighing as in the quotient before is shewed 46. l. and likewise observing the disproportion in weight to be 72. to 18. as before you must multiply the weight of the Leaden Bullet knowne being 46. l. by 18. the disproportion the Stone beareth thereto so ariseth 828. which being divided by 72. the quotient is 11 ● 4. and thus of the rest of those weights A Table shewing the height and weight of Iron Leade and Stone-shot The use of this Table is demonstrated in the fore-going Page Inches high Quarters Iron pounds Ounces Leade pounds Ounces Stone pounds Ounces 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 4 1 1 ● 0 0 6 0 3 1 2 ● 0 0 9 0 4 1 2 1 3 1 0 0 13 0 5 ● 4 2 0 1 1 1 11 0 7 2 1 1 9 2 0 0 9 2 2 2 2 3 0 0 12 2 3 2 14 4 3 1 0 3 0 3 12 5 0 1 4 3 1 4 12 6 9 1 8 3 2 6 1 8 1 2 0 3 3 7 5 9 14 2 7 4 0 8 15 11 5 2 13 4 1 10 10 15 15 3 10 4 2 12 10 17 15 4 3 4 3 14 14 21 5 5 9 5 0 17 5 24 12 6 3 5 1 20 1 30 0 7 8 5 2 23 2 35 10 8 14 5 3 26 6 39 9 10 10 6 0 30 0 46 0 11 2 4 6 1 34 0 51 0 12 12 6 2 38 0 57 0 14 3 6 3 42 0 63 0 15 12 7 0 48 0 72 0 17 10 7 1 53 0 79 8 19 14 7 2 58 0 87 0 21 12 7 3 64 0 96 0 24 0 8 0 72 10 106 8 26 12 8 1 78 0 117 0 28 8 8 2 87 3 130 8 32 8 8 3 95 0 141 8 35 10 9 0 101 0 150 0 37 10 9 1 109 6 161 8 40 4 9 2 121 10 181 13 44 2 9 3 132 11 198 5 49 8 10 2 138 0 207 0 51 10 10 0 164 2 246 0 61 2 4 11 0 184 0 275 8 69 8 11 2 216 0 324 0 81 0 12 0

240 0 360 0 90 0 13 0 305 0 457 8 114 8 14 0 389 2 583 8 146 8 A Table shewing the Square Root unto 3848. and the Cubicke Root 238328.   1   1024 32 32768 4 2 8 1089 33 35937 9 3 27 1156 34 39304 16 4 64 1225 35 42875 25 5 125 1296 36 46656 36 6 216 1369 37 50653 49 7 343 1444 38 54872 64 8 512 1521 39 59319 81 9 729 1600 40 64000 100 10 1000 1681 41 68921 121 11 1331 1764 42 74088 144 12 1728 1849 43 81307 169 13 2197 1936 44 85184 196 14 2744 2025 45 87120 225 15 3375 2116 46 97336 256 16 4096 2209 47 103823 289 17 4913 2304 48 110592 324 18 5832 2401 49 117649 361 19 6859 2500 50 125000 400 20 6800 2601 51 132651 441 21 9261 2704 52 140608 484 22 10648 2809 53 148877 529 23 11197 2916 54 157464 576 24 13824 3205 55 166375 625 25 15625 3136 56 175616 676 26 17576 3249 57 185163 729 27 19683 3364 58 195112 784 28 21952 3481 59 205379 841 29 24389 3600 60 216000 900 30 27000 3721 61 226981 961 31 29791 3844 62 238328 The Square Root   The Cubick Root Square Root   Cubick Root I have adjoyned this Table of the Square and Cubicke root to the Table of the height and weight of iron Leade and Stone Bullets because Mr. Norton conceives that a man of a small capacitie and practice may finde out the weight of any Bullet by the helpe of this Table of the Cubick-root As for Example Suppose an Iron Bullet of 4. inches Diameter and 1 2. now by dividing the Cube of the Shot by 8. and take the quotient for pounds and each unite of the Remainer for two Ounces and so the Cube of 4 ½ being 91. and divided by 8. the quotient will be 11. l. and the 3. remaining will be 6. ounces the like in all kindes may be done for Stone-shot by the Rule of 3. onely Saying if 48. the proportion of Iron give 202. ounces what shall 18. the proportion for Stone give 76. ounces which is 4. l. and 12. ounces for the weight of the Stone-shot which is 4. inches 1 2. in height Now to proceed in our discourse the powder and length being considered of the Peece and the Bullets weight observed to the end that a convenient proportion of powder be found answerable to the heavinesse or lightnesse of the Bullet For if one proportion of powder should be taken for the three severall weights of Bullets being of divers mettals as this Table doth distinguish the disproportion betweene Iron Leade and Stone there would prove an infinite variation and confusion As Mr. Norton well observeth that a mans hand is able to throw a weight of foure pound Leade further than a weight of 20. pounds of Iron or then two pounds of feathers As he exemplifies it by a Saker having made 3. shots the proportion of powder being 12. pounds as the leaden shot weighes in this case the shot of Leade will out-range the other two and that of Iron will out-range that of Stone But the quantitie of powder being altered to 8. pounds as the Iron shot weigheth then the Iron will out-range the Leade and the Leade the Stone-shot Thirdly these Bullets being severally shot againe out of the same Peece with the proportion of 4 pounds of powder then will the Stone-shot out-range the Iron and the Iron the Leade Bullet Moreover this observation is not to be forgot the higher a Peece is mounted the more doth the weight of the shot resist the powder and the lighter the shot is the easier it is forc'd out of the Peece so that if the Bullet weighes either too much or too little for the force of the powder the motion thereof will be various Wherefore he holds the Leaden shot requires for its due charge the whole weight of ordinary powder or 4 ● of Corne-powder and the Iron-shot 4 5. of ordinary powder or ⅔ of the best and the Stone ⅔ of ordinary or ½ of the best This shall suffice next we are to intreate of the Levelling of Ordnance with the instruments for that purpose shewing the severall proportionall ranges according to the mounting or imbasing of the same as followes CHAP. L. Divers Rules and observations to bee used in levelling of Ordnance by the Gunners quadrant Scale Inchsight Rule and other Instruments very materiall for every Commander to understand IN levelling of Ordnance to make a true shot there is three things considerable The first is the distance to the marke assigned within the reach of the Peeces levell called point-blancke and in this there is neither mounting nor imbasing of the Peece The second is when the marke assigned is farre beyond distance of a true levell or point-blancke and for the bullet to reach this the Peece is to bee mounted unto some one degree or other of the quadrant according as the distance of the marke shall be found Thirdly if a Peece of Ordnance be to shoot at a marke which lyes under the true levell of point-blancke then accordingly shee is to bee imba●ed Now from these observations there is a fourth ariseth of equall consequence to bee observed with the former viz. the finding out the true proportion of distance or paces of ground whether it be to shoote beyond or under or neere the true levell of point-blancke If both Art and judgement be not used in this it will prove impossible ever to mount or imbase a Peece to any point to performe a perfect shoot Wherefore I hould it best to discourse of the diversity of wayes used by most experienced Gunners in levelling of Ordnance wherein we shall be something large in regard the subject requires it and in the next Chapter I shall discourse of the instruments and rules which which are to bee used in taking a true distance of paces to any marke assigned And in this our present discourse I shall first describe a quadrant and then shew the use of it and so breefely proceed to other instruments invented for the like uses with such due observations as befits this Theame for indeed this quadrant is an instrument by which divers conclusions belonging to this Art may be wrought This Gunners quadrant is a Geometricall instrument containing in circumference one quarter of a circle divided into 90. equall parts or degrees in the outmost limbe and in the second limbe within there is 12. equall parts or divisions and likewise each of those are subdivided by meanes of parallels and diagonalls into 10. equall parts so that each side will be thereby found distinctly divided into 120 equall parts the use of them is to take all Geometricall mensurations both of distances heights breadths and depths which are either accessible or inaccessible as shall in the next Chapter bee declared But as for the degrees and points principally they are to helpe the Gunners practice

used upon all occasions 8 Vnshoulder your Musquet This Pcture is performed by turning the point of your Rest outwards towards your left knee and withall letting the Musquet slip a little downe your breast the Breech of the Peece will lye faire for the right hand to take it with a graspe just under the pan with the middle joynt of the fore-finger the uppermost joynt next the hand against the Breech-pin and the thumbe upon the Stocke on the inner side and with a small jutte the left hand with the Rest being taken off from the Stocke the right hand will poize it up standing with a full body the mouth of the Peece right up and armes out-strecht as more plainly in the first Posture is discourc'd of not forgetting to let the foot act with the hand 9 Joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Musquet being poised you are to step forward with your left leg and withall bringing your left hand with your thumbe prest against the inner side of the Forke of your Rest then drawing in your right elbow you gently let the Musquet and the Rest meet the upper side of the Forke plac'd against the out-side of the Stocke the thumbe pressing the lower and the end of the Rest lockt in the in●ide of the But end of the Peece it rests in an equall ballance in the left hand 10. Open. 11. Cleere 12. Prime 13. Shut your Pan. The Musquet and Rest being joyned together with your two fore-fingers thrust betweene the Barrell and the tippe of the Pan thrusting them side-wayes makes it open with ease then with the boale of your thumbe prest downe into the Pan and wrung about cleeres it then take your Primer in your right hand and knocking it gently against the side of the Pan untill the concavity of it bee filled then with your fingers shut ti and a little turning the butte end of your Musquet from you give te a jogge or two 14. Cast off your loose cornes The Musquet being primed and the Pan shut you are to turne the butte end from your right side a little distance as the Peece rests upon the Rest then with a shogge or two shake off the superfluous cornes of Powder to prevent taking of fire when you try your Match 15. Blow off your loose cornes 16. And cast about your Musquet to your left side This posture of blowing off the loose cornes is to be performed either the Musquet being rested as I have said before or when the Musquet and the Rest are joyned together for the first you are onely to stoope with your head and with a puffe or two blow them off otherwise you are to bring the Musquet towards your head tilluing the pan somewhat from you and with a sudden strong blast beate them off so that when the Match is tryed it may not indanger the firing Now for the casting about your Musquet after the loose cornes be blowne off it is but slipping backe your left legge and you holding your Musquet and Rest together in your left hand with your right hand you convey the butt end of the Peece on to the left side and in the motion turne the stocke upwards and letting your Rest slip you may easily charge 17. Trayle your Rest. 18. Ballance your Musquet in your left hand This posture is performed after the Musquet is brought about to the left side stepping forward with your right foot and at the same instant you bring about your Musquet and withall your right hand graspes the barrell of the Peece some foote from the mouth untill the Rest bee slipt and trayled and the Peece ballanc'd in the left hand fit for to charge 19. Charge 20. with Powder Bullet This Posture is performed after the Musquet is ballanc'd in your left hand by taking one of the Charges of your Bandelieres in your right hand and pulling the lidde of it off with your teeth then thrusting the mouth of the charge into the bore of the Peece giving it a shogge or two that the Powder may empty into it then giving the Peece another jogge with the butt end of it against the ground to make the Powder sinke to the bottome of the barrell then having your bullet ready in your mouth and taking it in your right hand betweene your forefinger and thumbe setting your right legge forwards towards the mouth of the Peece as you bring your hand to the same letting the bullet drop in with a jogge to sinke it to the Powder or by ramming it downe with the Gunne-sticke 21. Draw forth 22. Shorten your scowring-stick This Posture is performed by drawing forth the Scowring-sticke with the right hand at three even pulls the lower side of your hand towards the upper end of the Musquet the Scowring-sticke being thus produc'd you are to shorten it against your breast your hand slipping downe almost to the lower end of it so that with ease it may bee put into the mouth then thrusting it downe part of the way at the second motion and ramming downe the Powder at the third 23. Put your Scowring-stick into your Musquet This Posture is performed as before is said after the Scowring-sticke is produc'd and shortned the right hand holding it close by the lower end the right foote being set out a pretty step towards the mouth of the Peece is with ease put in and rammed downe 24. Ramme home your charge This is performed after the Scowring-sticke is entred the Bore of the barrell about a handfull then at two motions more you thrust it downe to the Powder or Bullet giving a good jobbe or two downe that the Bullet may bee home to the Powder 25. Withdraw 26. Shorten 27. Returne your scowring sticke This Posture is performed by taking the Scowring-stick in your right hand the upper-side of your hand towards the mouth of the Peece so that all your fingers takes the stick flat about the middle the joynts upon the outside of it and the thumbe upon the inside then making three even distinct pulls in withdrawing it turning your hand so as the small end of the sticke is towards your breast then shortening it against the same you have it fit to returne into the stocke which is to bee done likewise at three even portions 28. Bring forward your Musquet and Rest. This Posture is performed after the Scowring-stick is returned by drawing backe your right foote and bringing your Musquet with your left hand before you so as the barrell of the Peece may be towards your breast the Rest is to trayle after by the string that hangs upon your wrist 29. Poyze your Musquet and recover your Rest. This Posture is performed your right heele being drawne in towards the small of your left foot at the same instant your right hand is to take the Peece below under at the great screw then poyze it upwards setting your Right foot out againe then bringing your Rest forwards with your left hand so farre