they_o proportionable_o take_v more_o powder_n than_o the_o cannon_n and_o that_o be_v now_o double_a and_o treble_a of_o more_o strength_n and_o efficacy_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o infancy_n of_o gunnery_n four_o observe_v the_o more_o ponderous_a and_o heavy_a the_o bullet_n be_v so_o it_o be_v expel_v with_o four_o four_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o powder_n it_o shake_v the_o more_o the_o batter_a place_n provide_v that_o place_n be_v within_o the_o range_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n shake_v more_o than_o the_o culverin_n though_o it_o pierce_v not_o so_o deep_a if_o the_o culverin_n have_v her_o due_a load_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o battery_n culverin_n and_o demi-culverin_n be_v use_v to_o shoot_v across_o wise_a or_o to_o flank_v to_o cut_v away_o that_o which_o the_o cannon_n have_v shake_v the_o three_o kind_n of_o ordnance_n be_v the_o stone-caster_n which_o the_o french_a call_n stone-caster_n stone-caster_n pierrieros_n or_o pierrieras_n from_o pierre_n which_o in_o that_o language_n signify_v a_o stone_n the_o german_n call_v they_o steinbuchsen_n which_o be_v to_o say_v stone-gun_n they_o be_v cast_v and_o ordain_v to_o shoot_v stone_n yet_o may_v shoot_v either_o lead_n or_o iron_n if_o spare_o charge_v with_o powder_n they_o be_v handsome_a piece_n and_o very_o like_a cannon_n or_o piece_n of_o battery_n the_o long_a of_o they_o will_v be_v but_o eight_o diameter_n of_o the_o height_n of_o their_o bore_n they_o be_v not_o strong_o fortify_v in_o their_o metal_n neither_o need_v they_o be_v for_o they_o require_v not_o much_o powder_n and_o hence_o they_o be_v light_a to_o carry_v be_v due_o load_v they_o serve_v well_o enough_o to_o defend_v a_o breach_n or_o the_o port_n of_o a_o town_n they_o be_v good_a against_o troop_n or_o company_n in_o the_o field_n and_o can_v commit_v murder_n enough_o with_o small_a expense_n for_o they_o save_v abundance_n of_o iron_n and_o very_o much_o powder_n the_o four_o kind_n of_o ordnance_n be_v the_o mortar_n under_o which_o comprehend_v pot-piece_n mortar_n mortar_n square_a murderer_n tortles_a and_o petard_n the_o pot-piece_n shoot_v granado_n fireball_n and_o stone_n these_o mortar_n be_v of_o several_a and_o very_o far_o different_a greatness_n for_o some_o of_o they_o shoot_v but_o five_o some_o six_o some_o eight_o use_n it_o be_v use_n pound_n other_o 300_o 350_o and_o 400_o pound_n they_o be_v only_o useful_a at_o sieges_n and_o at_o they_o they_o can_v serve_v both_o the_o assailant_n and_o defendant_n the_o besiege_v use_v they_o for_o shoot_v in_o the_o battery_n and_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o ruin_v their_o work_n destroy_v their_o man_n burn_v their_o ammunition_n and_o by_o their_o comet-like_a light_n while_o they_o be_v in_o the_o air_n to_o discern_v where_o they_o be_v work_v the_o besieger_n use_v they_o to_o terrify_v and_o annoy_v the_o defendant_n to_o burn_v their_o house_n and_o magazine_n with_o granado_n or_o break_v they_o down_o with_o stone_n which_o sometime_o will_v be_v of_o that_o huge_a weight_n that_o scarce_o a_o double_a vault_n can_v resist_v they_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o mortar_n be_v as_o i_o say_v before_o altogether_o in_o oblique_a and_o crooked_a line_n those_o gunner_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o oversee_v they_o have_v need_n to_o be_v skilful_a the_o art_n be_v difficult_a for_o granado_n be_v very_o expensive_a and_o therefore_o must_v not_o be_v cast_v away_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v as_o many_o yea_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o miss_v than_o hit_v the_o mark_n bullet_n for_o any_o kind_n of_o ordnance_n or_o fire-gun_n may_v be_v of_o any_o metal_n you_o please_v yea_o of_o gold_n or_o silver_n the_o first_o be_v too_o costly_a the_o second_o some_o fancy_n to_o bullet_n silver_n bullet_n be_v able_a to_o pierce_v such_o as_o be_v by_o some_o black_a art_n or_o other_o hard_a or_o bullet-proof_n but_o to_o charge_v a_o person_n that_o be_v bullet-proof_n with_o a_o silver-ball_n to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v like_o the_o assault_v a_o enchant_a castle_n the_o bullet_n which_o be_v ordinary_o use_v be_v threefold_a stone_n lead_v and_o iron_n of_o the_o stone_n i_o have_v speak_v lead-bullet_n bullet_n leaden_a bullet_n be_v for_o all_o hand-gun_n but_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o ordnance_n except_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n which_o seldom_o arrive_v they_o weigh_v a_o three_o more_o than_o iron_n and_o so_o be_v costly_a they_o pierce_v not_o so_o far_o into_o a_o earthen-wall_n as_o the_o iron_n one_o and_o in_o stonewall_n they_o batter_v themselves_o out_o in_o breadth_n without_o do_v much_o hurt_n to_o the_o wall_n irâ—â—_n bullet_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n massy_a one_o and_o those_o that_o be_v empty_a bullet_n iron_n bullet_n or_o hollow_a within_o the_o empty_a be_v call_v granado_n and_o be_v fill_v with_o such_o granado_n hollow_o iron_n bullet_n or_o granado_n stuff_n as_o the_o engineer_n or_o gunner_n think_v effectual_a for_o the_o business_n or_o errand_n on_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o send_v they_o the_o massy_a iron-bullet_n shall_v be_v exact_o round_a and_o gunner_n ought_v to_o be_v sure_a that_o they_o fit_v the_o bore_n of_o their_o several_a piece_n for_o if_o the_o bullet_n be_v too_o great_a and_o stick_v in_o the_o vacant_a cylinder_n it_o hazard_n in_o the_o discharge_n the_o burst_v the_o piece_n and_o if_o too_o little_a it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o cannoneer_n to_o make_v a_o just_a shot_n with_o it_o they_o use_v to_o help_v the_o smallness_n of_o the_o bullet_n by_o tie_v hemp_n flax_n hay_o or_o straw_n about_o it_o for_o all_o bullet_n must_v be_v a_o little_a less_o than_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v long_o a_o general_a rule_n to_o make_v all_o bullet_n for_o ordnance_n one_o four_o part_n of_o iron_n massy_a bullet_n of_o iron_n a_o inch_n low_a in_o its_o diameter_n than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n but_o this_o be_v now_o condemn_v by_o gunner_n as_o a_o error_n because_o they_o think_v for_o a_o falcon_n or_o other_o small_a piece_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v too_o great_a a_o abatement_n and_o for_o either_o a_o culverin_n or_o cannon_n it_o be_v too_o little_a bockler_n tell_v i_o that_o they_o agree_v now_o that_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bear_v of_o all_o piece_n be_v a_o reasonable_a abatement_n for_o their_o bullet_n there_o be_v also_o chain_n chain_v bullet_n and_o cartridge_n shoot_v out_o of_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n the_o first_o at_o sea-service_n and_o all_o of_o the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o field_n against_o troop_n or_o company_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o say_v any_o more_o of_o great_a ordnance_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o gunner_n art_n which_o all_o soldier_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o learn_v only_o i_o can_v omit_v to_o tell_v my_o reader_n that_o notwithstanding_o all_o i_o have_v say_v there_o be_v a_o history_n extant_a of_o that_o siege_n which_o the_o famous_a marquis_n spinola_n form_v and_o maintain_v at_o breda_n in_o the_o year_n 1625_o and_o 1626._o write_v original_o in_o latin_a and_o approve_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n and_o thereafter_o translate_v into_o several_a language_n in_o which_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o siege_n philip_n count_n of_o mansfield_n go_v to_o breda_n count_n mansfield_n his_o rare_a invention_n of_o gun_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o breda_n brussels_n and_o there_o by_o his_o great_a art_n and_o industry_n found_v forty_o brass-gun_n and_o twenty_o three_o murderer_n for_o so_o our_o historian_n call_v they_o thirty_o of_o these_o shot_n iron_n bullet_n of_o six_o pound_n weight_n all_o the_o rest_n shoot_v twenty_o five_o pound_n the_o metal_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o six_o pounder_n weigh_v no_o more_o but_o a_o 180_o pound_n and_o those_o of_o twenty_o five_o bullet_n weigh_v no_o more_o but_o 750_o pound_n if_o you_o will_v calculate_v this_o you_o will_v find_v that_o these_o piece_n have_v just_a thirty_o pound_n of_o metal_n and_o no_o more_o allow_v for_o every_o pound_n of_o their_o bullet_n this_o be_v a_o weak_a fortification_n for_o we_o must_v suppose_v spinola_n want_v not_o for_o powder_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n the_o author_n add_v that_o these_o new_a piece_n shoot_v their_o bullet_n further_o than_o the_o old_a one_o do_v and_o require_v but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o powder_n former_o allow_v for_o piece_n of_o their_o boar_n he_o add_v also_o which_o he_o need_v not_o that_o the_o lesser_a new_a gun_n be_v draw_v by_o two_o horse_n and_o the_o great_a by_o four_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o light_a the_o piece_n be_v the_o few_o horse_n man_n or_o ox_n it_o will_v need_v to_o
of_o brimstone_n and_o one_o pound_n of_o coal_n for_o six_o pound_n of_o saltpetre_n this_o they_o say_v be_v for_o musket_n the_o three_o be_v the_o fine_a and_o have_v seven_o or_o eight_o pound_n of_o niter_n for_o one_o pound_n of_o sulphur_n and_o one_o pound_n of_o charcoal_n this_o be_v for_o birding_n for_o fowling-piece_n or_o if_o you_o will_v for_o pistol_n powder_n for_o fear_v of_o its_o mischief_n must_v be_v keep_v in_o upper_a room_n but_o in_o dry_a and_o warm_a place_n for_o age_n and_o moisture_n corrupt_v it_o and_o render_v it_o improper_a for_o any_o use_n but_o it_o may_v be_v again_o renew_v by_o a_o addition_n of_o saltpetre_n the_o gunner_n art_n be_v a_o necessary_a appendix_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n but_o not_o necessary_a for_o every_o soldier_n to_o learn_v yet_o the_o more_o he_o know_v of_o it_o the_o perfect_a soldier_n he_o be_v i_o shall_v speak_v but_o of_o a_o few_o thing_n of_o artillery_n which_o i_o think_v be_v convenient_a for_o necessary_a i_o say_v they_o be_v not_o for_o most_o officer_n and_o commander_n in_o the_o war_n to_o know_v leave_v the_o art_n in_o its_o entire_a compass_n to_o the_o teach_v by_o those_o ingenious_a person_n who_o profess_v it_o wherein_o i_o have_v no_o skill_n and_o profess_v as_o little_a piece_n of_o ordnance_n that_o shoot_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n for_o i_o speak_v not_o of_o pot-piece_n gun_n three_o sort_n of_o gun_n or_o mortar_n which_o cast_v their_o shot_n in_o crooked_a and_o oblique_a line_n be_v either_o of_o leather_n of_o iron_n or_o of_o copper_n these_o gun_n which_o be_v call_v leather-cannon_n leather_n leather_n have_v copper_n under_o the_o leather_n and_o be_v make_v with_o great_a art_n and_o be_v light_a to_o carry_v which_o be_v the_o great_a advantage_n they_o have_v iron-gun_n be_v account_v better_a than_o the_o leather_n one_o but_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o they_o iron_n iron_n be_v not_o so_o good_a for_o many_o use_n as_o those_o of_o copper_n it_o be_v true_a they_o be_v not_o so_o costly_a by_o far_o neither_o do_v they_o burst_v so_o ready_o and_o some_o think_v the_o fire_v they_o make_v they_o firm_a and_o fast_o in_o the_o cast_a copper-gun_n the_o founder_n differ_v in_o the_o quantity_n of_o bell-metal_n copper_n copper_n with_o it_o some_o allow_a more_o some_o less_o and_o bockler_n the_o engineer_n inform_v we_o that_o now_o the_o german_n allow_v no_o bell-metal_n at_o all_o but_o for_o every_o eight_o pound_n of_o copper_n one_o pound_n of_o rough_a tin_n their_o reason_n for_o this_o be_v they_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o bell-metal_n make_v the_o piece_n brittle_a and_o subject_n to_o break_v bell-metal_n bell-metal_n and_o tin_n make_v it_o hard_o the_o english_a and_o french_a allow_v both_o bell-metal_n and_o tin_n and_o some_o allow_v also_o a_o mixture_n of_o latin_n and_o lead_n time_n and_o art_n have_v bring_v powder_n to_o have_v a_o great_a force_n than_o it_o have_v in_o its_o infancy_n the_o saltpetre_n be_v more_o artificial_o refine_v the_o sulphur_n better_o purge_v ago_o powder_n better_a now_o than_o a_o 150_o or_o 200_o year_n ago_o and_o the_o coal_n of_o more_o proper_a wood_n and_o better_o burn_v the_o powder_n now_o be_v corn_v which_o then_o it_o be_v not_o this_o change_n of_o powder_n have_v occasion_v a_o very_a great_a alteration_n in_o the_o fortification_n of_o ordnance_n for_o powder_n have_v now_o a_o double_a or_o a_o treble_a force_n more_o than_o when_o it_o be_v first_o find_v out_o a_o piece_n require_v a_o proportionable_a fortification_n of_o her_o metal_n to_o resist_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o powder_n as_o by_o example_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o upward_o or_o rather_o two_o hundred_o founder_n allow_v for_o a_o cannon_n or_o demi-cannon_n 80_o pound_n strong_a therefore_o the_o fortification_n of_o ordnance_n must_v be_v the_o strong_a of_o metal_n for_o every_o pound_n of_o their_o shot_n by_o which_o account_n a_o piece_n that_o shoot_v a_o bullet_n of_o 48_o pound_n weight_n do_v but_o weigh_v in_o metal_n 3840_o pound_n whereas_o now_o and_o sixty_o year_n ago_o too_o she_o weigh_v with_o the_o german_n 9000_o pound_n which_o will_v be_v above_o 187_o pound_n of_o metal_n for_o every_o pound_n of_o the_o bullet_n but_o in_o all_o the_o sort_n of_o culverines_n there_n be_v a_o strong_a fortification_n require_v than_o in_o cannon_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v of_o a_o great_a length_n they_o be_v able_a proportionable_o to_o receive_v in_o their_o chamber_n more_o powder_n than_o the_o cannon_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v better_o fortify_v after_o the_o first_o practice_n of_o gun_n a_o culverin_n that_o shoot_v 16_o pound_n of_o iron_n have_v but_o a_o 100_o pound_n of_o metal_n allow_v for_o every_o pound_n of_o her_o shot_n and_o so_o she_o weigh_v but_o then_o 1600_o pound_n but_o now_o and_o long_o before_o this_o she_o weigh_v 4300_o pound_n and_o consequent_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o near_a 270_o pound_n of_o metal_n for_o every_o pound_n of_o her_o shot_n for_o small_a ordnance_n in_o time_n of_o old_a 150_o pound_n of_o metal_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o pound_n of_o their_o shot_n now_o above_o 300_o or_o near_o 400._o how_o the_o mould_v for_o sound_v cannon_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o what_o earth_n what_o gun_n gunner_n to_o look_v careful_o to_o the_o defect_n of_o gun_n defect_n a_o gun_n may_v receive_v from_o a_o faulty_a mould_n or_o from_o the_o melt_a the_o metal_n and_o run_v it_o in_o the_o mould_v what_o overplus_n of_o metal_n be_v allow_v which_o the_o german_a founder_n call_v the_o wolf_n how_o a_o gun_n in_o sound_n come_v to_o be_v weak_a of_o one_o side_n than_o the_o other_o how_o she_o get_v chink_n flaw_n and_o honeycomb_n and_o how_o gunner_n ought_v to_o be_v careful_a to_o try_v their_o gun_n if_o they_o have_v either_o these_o or_o any_o other_o defect_n and_o how_o they_o shall_v mend_v they_o belong_v proper_o to_o gunner_n to_o discourse_v of_o from_o who_o the_o courteous_a reader_n may_v easy_o learn_v they_o there_o be_v three_o fortification_n of_o ordnance_n the_o ordinary_a fortify_v the_o lessen_v ordnance_n several_a fortification_n of_o ordnance_n that_o be_v less_o than_o the_o ordinary_a and_o the_o reinforce_v which_o be_v the_o double_a fortify_v all_o piece_n be_v to_o be_v more_o strong_o fortify_v at_o the_o touchhole_n and_o musle_z and_o trunion_n than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o they_o the_o trunion_n equiballance_v the_o piece_n and_o on_o they_o she_o be_v mount_v and_o embase_v the_o boar_n which_o go_v from_o the_o musle_z to_o the_o touchhole_n be_v call_v the_o cylinder_n or_o concave_a it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o hence_o when_o a_o piece_n be_v equal_o bore_v and_o have_v no_o more_o metal_n on_o one_o side_n than_o another_o gunner_n use_v to_o say_v her_o soul_n lie_v right_a in_o her_o body_n so_o much_o of_o the_o concave_a as_o contain_v powder_n bullet_n and_o what_fw-mi be_v call_v the_o charge_v cylinder_n or_o chamber_n the_o rest_n the_o vacant_a cylinder_n or_o guide_v of_o the_o shot_n the_o touchhole_n at_o sally_n be_v often_o nail_v and_o piece_n the_o name_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o a_o piece_n therefore_o gunner_n ought_v to_o be_v skilful_a to_o know_v how_o to_o unnall_a they_o and_o there_o be_v several_a way_n for_o it_o yet_o often_o none_o of_o they_o prevail_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o bore_v a_o new_a touchhole_n which_o will_v cost_v they_o some_o hour_n labour_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o piece_n not_o yet_o name_v be_v the_o pommel_n call_v also_o the_o cascabel_n the_o breech_n the_o visier_n or_o base-ring_n the_o trunion-ring_n the_o reinforce_v ring_n the_o coronice_n ring_n which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o astragal_n the_o neck_n and_o the_o musle-ring_n which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o frieze_n these_o denomination_n a_o piece_n have_v from_o a_o column_n or_o pillar_n which_o a_o piece_n resemble_v as_o mr._n norton_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o practice_n of_o artillery_n and_o can_v be_v more_o easy_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o finger_n to_o the_o reader_n than_o intelligible_o describe_v great_a gun_n or_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n take_v frequent_o their_o denomination_n from_o the_o inventor_n or_o from_o beast_n and_o bird_n who_o for_o their_o swiftness_n rapacity_n and_o cruelty_n they_o seem_v to_o represent_v and_o though_o the_o word_n cannon_n call_v cannon_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v general_o now_o take_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o ordnance_n yet_o proper_o it_o be_v that_o piece_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o batter_v of_o wall_n tower_n and_o castle_n and_o ship_n the_o french_a call_v they_o battemur_n and_o the_o german_n maurbrechern_n
beast_n yet_o thereafter_o they_o find_v mean_n to_o wound_v they_o or_o by_o make_v lane_n and_o street_n for_o they_o to_o render_v their_o fury_n so_o useless_a that_o they_o get_v but_o little_a hurt_n by_o they_o but_o for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v have_v faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v what_o livy_n report_v that_o a_o arm_a soldier_n enter_v into_o combat_n with_o a_o elephant_n and_o that_o the_o beast_n grapple_v he_o with_o his_o trunk_n about_o the_o middle_n and_o cast_v he_o up_o in_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o soldier_n fall_v with_o little_a or_o no_o hurt_n wound_v the_o beast_n with_o his_o sword_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o such_o a_o hug_n as_o that_o may_v have_v crush_v both_o the_o soldier_n corsset_n and_o his_o bone_n till_o the_o marrow_n come_v out_o for_o in_o his_o trunk_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v proboscis_n there_o be_v such_o strength_n that_o therewith_o as_o some_o write_v he_o be_v able_a to_o fell_a tree_n or_o i_o think_v the_o elephant_n may_v have_v toss_v his_o duellist_n so_o high_a in_o the_o air_n that_o the_o very_a fall_n shall_v have_v dash_v he_o in_o piece_n but_o livy_n do_v no_o more_o see_v this_o romantic_a combat_n than_o he_o see_v shower_n of_o blood_n and_o stone_n which_o he_o write_v rain_v frequent_o among_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o ally_n chariot_n in_o ancient_a time_n have_v sometime_o scythes_n on_o both_o side_n of_o they_o sometime_o none_o xenophon_n write_v that_o before_o cyrus_n time_n the_o trojan_n and_o assyrian_n and_o thereafter_o the_o cyrenian_o use_v chariot_n draw_v with_o four_o horse_n in_o every_o one_o whereof_o be_v only_o one_o combatant_n and_o a_o driver_n or_o coachman_n chariot_n chariot_n this_o fashion_n seem_v to_o cyrus_n of_o no_o great_a advantage_n than_o to_o skirmish_v a_o little_a but_o do_v not_o at_o all_o help_n to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n range_v in_o battle_n therefore_o he_o abolish_v it_o and_o order_v his_o chariot_n to_o be_v make_v with_o strong_a and_o broad_a axletree_n to_o both_o side_n of_o which_o be_v fasten_v brass_n or_o iron_n scythes_n next_o he_o put_v arm_v man_n within_o the_o chariot_n who_o in_o the_o charge_n discharge_v lusty_o their_o missile_a weapon_n wherewith_o he_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o store_v and_o with_o these_o he_o do_v not_o only_o sometime_o skirmish_n but_o for_o most_o part_n charge_v furious_o the_o enemy_n strong_a and_o close_a body_n and_o batallion_n the_o egyptian_n arm_n for_o the_o offensive_a be_v great_a and_o massy_a spear_n say_v arms._n egyptian_a arms._n xenophon_n but_o how_o long_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o tell_v and_o for_o the_o defensive_a they_o have_v shield_n of_o brass_n of_o such_o a_o largeness_n that_o therewith_o they_o cover_v both_o their_o body_n and_o their_o leg_n they_o marshal_v their_o man_n one_o hundred_o in_o file_n and_o when_o this_o be_v tell_v to_o cyrus_n he_o make_v himself_o merry_a with_o it_o and_o say_v he_o wish_v all_o his_o enemy_n will_v draw_v up_o a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o so_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o surround_v their_o flank_n soon_o attack_v and_o consequent_o say_v he_o i_o shall_v have_v the_o cheap_a market_n of_o they_o by_o what_o that_o same_o author_n say_v it_o will_v seem_v the_o egyptian_n draw_v up_o constant_o a_o hundred_o deep_a for_o when_o croesus_n desire_v they_o to_o change_v they_o answer_v they_o order_n their_o order_n will_v not_o alter_v their_o country_n fashion_n yet_o i_o conjecture_v the_o egyptian_a custom_n have_v be_v to_o marshal_v their_o batallion_n by_o the_o squaâ—â—_n root_n for_o here_o i_o find_v their_o body_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n and_o they_o perhaps_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v a_o square_a of_o man_n which_o be_v to_o have_v as_o many_o in_o file_n as_o rank_n have_v embattel_v they_o a_o hundred_o in_o each_o for_o a_o hundred_o time_n a_o hundred_o produce_v ten_o thousand_o of_o the_o square_a root_n i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o persian_n that_o serve_v on_o foot_n in_o cyrus_n time_n carry_v for_o the_o defensive_a persian_n arm_n of_o the_o ancient_a persian_n a_o head-piece_n corslet_n and_o a_o little_a target_n and_o for_o the_o offensive_a a_o sword_n and_o a_o curtle-axe_n beside_o their_o dart_n and_o stone_n his_o cuirassier_n and_o light-horse_n be_v arm_v as_o the_o grecian_n be_v whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o his_o time_n the_o sacan_o and_o cardusians_n a_o people_n dwell_v near_o persia_n be_v excellent_a bowman_n on_o horseback_n who_o offspring_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v those_o parthian_n who_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o skill_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n rout_z the_o army_n of_o the_o roman_a consul_n crassus_n and_o kill_v himself_o and_o put_v mark_n anthony_n to_o so_o shameful_a a_o retreat_n and_o so_o near_o a_o danger_n of_o evident_a ruin_n that_o often_o than_o once_o he_o offer_v to_o rid_v himself_o of_o that_o impend_a disgrace_n by_o self-murder_n as_o plutarch_n in_o his_o life_n relate_v cyrus_n who_o be_v the_o first_o persian_a monarch_n do_v not_o adhere_v to_o one_o constant_a number_n of_o rank_n for_o sometime_o he_o draw_v up_o his_o batallion_n ten_o in_o file_n and_o it_o be_v like_a he_o observe_v order_n their_o order_n that_o most_o for_o he_o have_v myriarch_n who_o have_v the_o command_n of_o ten_o thousand_o chiliarch_n who_o be_v colonel_n of_o thousand_o and_o centeniers_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o hundred_o all_o which_o may_v infer_v ten_o deep_a yet_o in_o xenophons_n second_o book_n we_o find_v cyrus_n his_o persian_n to_o be_v twelve_o in_o file_n and_o his_o batallion_n when_o he_o fight_v with_o croesus_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o deep_a and_o indeed_o that_o be_v deep_a enough_o perhaps_o in_o the_o marshal_n his_o several_a body_n he_o have_v sometime_o make_v use_n of_o the_o square_a root_n but_o the_o king_n of_o lydia_n in_o that_o lydian_n lydian_n same_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v with_o cyrus_n make_v both_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n thirty_o deep_a except_o the_o egyptian_n i_o speak_v of_o who_o be_v a_o hundred_o in_o file_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o former_o what_o more_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o any_o point_n of_o war_n use_v by_o any_o other_o ancient_a nation_n either_o before_o or_o in_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o grecian_a or_o the_o roman_a greatness_n shall_v be_v interweave_v in_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o these_o two_o famous_a nation_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n since_o we_o have_v find_v out_o but_o little_a of_o the_o true_a militia_n of_o other_o ancient_a nation_n let_v we_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n which_o have_v be_v in_o many_o age_n and_o still_o be_v so_o much_o speak_v of_o and_o herein_o we_o must_v borrow_v all_o our_o help_n from_o aelian_a who_o you_o will_v find_v have_v give_v it_o we_o very_o spare_o for_o though_o we_o have_v the_o work_n of_o homer_n and_o that_o he_o be_v account_v the_o first_o heathen_a author_n who_o write_v any_o thing_n of_o form_a battle_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v much_o light_n from_o so_o blind_a a_o lantern_n polybius_n though_o a_o grecian_a and_o a_o captain_n contribute_v nothing_o to_o our_o assistance_n but_o what_o we_o be_v glad_a to_o glean_v from_o the_o scatter_a drop_n of_o his_o pen._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o grecian_a tactic_n name_v lose_v grecian_a tactic_n lose_v by_o aelian_a in_o his_o treatise_n be_v lose_v except_o some_o piece_n of_o aeneas_n translate_v into_o latin_a seventy_o year_n ago_o by_o casaubon_n which_o sir_n thomas_n kellie_n thought_n be_v likewise_o perish_v but_o true_o we_o need_v not_o much_o regret_n that_o loss_n if_o that_o matter_n and_o no_o matter_n which_o aelian_a who_o peruse_v they_o all_o tell_v we_o be_v true_a that_o they_o write_v not_o as_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o instruct_v those_o who_o be_v ignorant_a and_o desirous_a to_o learn_v but_o as_o to_o those_o who_o be_v already_o proficient_n who_o understand_v the_o word_n and_o term_n of_o art_n and_o who_o know_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o grecian_a war_n as_o well_o as_o the_o author_n themselves_o all_o army_n and_o force_n be_v raise_v by_o a_o levy_n call_v ordinary_o in_o ancient_a time_n and_o still_o very_o proper_o a_o election_n and_o true_o i_o be_o sorry_a i_o shall_v so_o omission_n aelian_o omission_n soon_o have_v occasion_n to_o expostulate_v with_o aelian_a who_o have_v forget_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o of_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v give_v we_o a_o particular_a information_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n too_o that_o be_v how_o the_o levy_n of_o
the_o rest_n resent_v it_o as_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o whole_a fraternity_n for_o which_o they_o will_v very_o ready_o make_v he_o march_v a_o whole_a week_n without_o a_o trumpeter_n to_o sound_v before_o he_o none_o may_v sound_v a_o trumpet_n before_o a_o troop_n but_o he_o who_o be_v master_n of_o their_o art_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o by_o produce_v a_o certificate_n sign_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o master_n trumpeter_n with_o their_o seal_n annex_v to_o it_o and_o this_o in_o their_o language_n they_o call_v a_o lerbrief_n if_o any_o want_v this_o offer_v to_o sound_v before_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n the_o master_n may_v come_v and_o take_v he_o away_o with_o disgrace_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o ritmaster_n those_o who_o have_v not_o yet_o get_v lerbrief_n they_o call_v boy_n who_o must_v serve_v the_o master_n trumpeter_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o drudgery_n though_o they_o can_v sound_v all_o the_o point_n of_o war_n never_o so_o well_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v get_v these_o privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o under_o his_o manual_a subscription_n and_o imperial_a seal_n ask_v they_o where_o this_o patent_n of_o they_o lie_v some_o of_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o at_o augsburg_n other_o say_v at_o strasburg_n and_o a_o three_o will_v say_v at_o nuremburg_n i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o of_o they_o punish_v by_o their_o officer_n and_o whatever_o discipline_n of_o their_o own_o they_o have_v i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o any_o of_o their_o gross_a misdemeanour_n i_o know_v one_o colonel_n boy_n a_o ancient_a gentleman_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v command_v horse_n in_o who_o regiment_n no_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n be_v hear_v for_o none_o of_o they_o will_v serve_v under_o he_o because_o in_o his_o young_a year_n he_o have_v kill_v a_o trumpeter_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o it_o be_v well_o these_o pretend_a privilege_n of_o they_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n there_o be_v another_o martial_a instrument_n use_v with_o the_o cavalry_n which_o they_o call_v a_o kettledrum_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o which_o hang_v upon_o the_o horse_n before_o the_o kettledrum_n kettledrum_n drummer_n saddle_n on_o both_o which_o he_o beat_v they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a prince_n duke_n and_o earl_n may_v have_v they_o with_o those_o troop_n which_o ordinary_o be_v call_v their_o life-guard_n so_o may_v general_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n though_o they_o be_v not_o nobleman_n the_o german_n dane_n and_o sweede_n permit_v none_o to_o have_v they_o under_o a_o lord_n baron_fw-fr unless_o they_o have_v take_v they_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o that_o case_n any_o ritmaster_n whatever_o extraction_n he_o be_v of_o may_v make_v they_o beat_v beside_o his_o trumpeter_n they_o be_v use_v also_o for_o state_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n when_o they_o go_v to_o meat_n and_o i_o have_v see_v they_o ordinary_o beat_v and_z trumpets_z sound_n at_o the_o court_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n when_o either_o of_o the_o two_o king_n go_v to_o dinner_n or_o supper_n dragoon_n be_v musketeer_n mount_v on_o horse_n appoint_v to_o march_v with_o the_o dragoon_n dragoon_n cavalry_n in_o regard_n there_o be_v not_o only_o many_o occasion_n wherein_o foot_n can_v assist_v the_o horse_n but_o that_o seldom_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n of_o service_n against_o a_o enemy_n but_o wherein_o it_o be_v both_o fit_a and_o necessary_a to_o join_v some_o foot_n with_o the_o horse_n dragoon_n than_o go_v not_o only_o before_o to_o guard_n pass_v as_o some_o imagine_v but_o to_o fight_v in_o open_a field_n for_o if_o a_o enemy_n rencontre_v with_o a_o cavalry_n in_o a_o champaign_n or_o open_a heath_n the_o dragoon_n be_v oblige_v to_o alight_v and_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o squad_n of_o horse_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v command_v and_o their_o continuate_a fire_v before_o the_o horse_n come_v to_o the_o charge_n will_n no_o doubt_n be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o enemy_n if_o the_o encounter_n be_v in_o a_o close_a country_n they_o serve_v well_o to_o line_n hedges_n and_o possess_v enclosure_n they_o serve_v for_o defend_v pass_n and_o bridge_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o advance_n or_o a_o retreat_n of_o a_o army_n and_o for_o foot_n serve_v on_o foot_n beat_v the_o enemy_n from_o they_o their_o service_n be_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o musketeer_n but_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v on_o horseback_n and_o ride_v with_o the_o horse_n either_o before_o in_o the_o van_n or_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o a_o army_n they_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o cavalry_n yet_o be_v part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o not_o to_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o be_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevail_a enemy_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v teach_v to_o give_v fire_n on_o horseback_n that_o in_o a_o open_a field_n they_o may_v keep_v a_o enemy_n at_o a_o distance_n till_o they_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o close_a country_n a_o straight_a a_o pass_n a_o bridge_n a_o hedge_n or_o a_o ditch_n and_o then_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o alight_v and_o defend_v that_o advantage_n that_o thereby_o though_o perhaps_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o dragoon_n themselves_o the_o cavalry_n may_v be_v save_v when_o they_o alight_v they_o cast_v their_o bridle_n rain_v over_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o sideman_n horse_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o that_o same_o order_n as_o they_o march_v of_o ten_o dragoon_n nine_o fight_n and_o the_o ten_o man_n keep_v the_o ten_o horse_n for_o what_o they_o have_v get_v the_o denomination_n of_o dragoon_n denomination_n whence_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v tell_v but_o because_o in_o all_o language_n they_o be_v call_v so_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o may_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o dragon_n because_o a_o musketeer_n on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o burn_a match_n ride_v at_o a_o gallop_n as_o many_o time_n he_o do_v may_v something_o resemble_v that_o beast_n which_o naturalist_n call_v a_o fiery_a dragon_n since_o then_o a_o dragoon_n when_o he_o alight_v and_o a_o musqueteer_n be_v all_o one_o i_o have_v musqueteer_n the_o several_a service_n of_o a_o musqueteer_n forbear_v hitherto_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a way_n how_o the_o rank_n of_o musqueteers_n fire_n have_v reserve_v it_o to_o this_o as_o a_o proper_a place_n take_v they_o then_o thus_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v upon_o one_o of_o your_o flank_n that_o hand_n file_n fire_n that_o be_v near_a off_o how_o he_o fire_v in_o the_o flank_n and_o fall_v off_o the_o danger_n and_o the_o next_o stand_v still_o to_o do_v the_o like_a that_o which_o have_v fire_v march_v through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n till_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o further_a file_n of_o that_o wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o you_o be_v charge_v on_o both_o flank_n than_o your_o right_a and_o left-hand_a file_n fire_n both_o and_o immediate_o march_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n room_n be_v make_v for_o they_o and_o in_o such_o piece_n of_o service_n as_o these_o officer_n must_v be_v attentive_a dexterous_a and_o ready_a to_o see_v all_o thing_n do_v orderly_o otherwise_o confusion_n first_o and_o immediate_o after_o a_o total_a rout_n will_v inevitable_o follow_v if_o your_o body_n be_v retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n who_o pursue_v you_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o two_o last_o rear_n how_o iâ—_n the_o rear_n rank_n stand_v whereof_o one_o have_v fire_v it_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o the_o one_o half_a by_o the_o right_n the_o other_o half_o by_o the_o left-hand_a march_v up_o to_o the_o van_n make_v ready_a all_o the_o while_n this_o way_n be_v much_o practise_v especial_o in_o the_o low-countries_n but_o with_o submission_n to_o their_o better_a judgement_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o more_o easy_a for_o these_o rank_n that_o have_v fire_v to_o march_v every_o man_n of_o they_o up_o to_o their_o leader_n and_o then_o step_v before_o they_o through_o these_o interval_n of_o three_o foot_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o trouble_n either_o to_o themselves_o or_o their_o neighbour_n if_o the_o service_n with_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o van_n as_o most_o it_o be_v way_n musqueteer_n after_o fire_v fall_n off_o two_o several_a way_n rank_n may_v after_o they_o have_v fire_v fall_v off_o two_o several_a way_n first_o the_o rank_n which_o have_v fire_v divide_v itself_o into_o two_o and_o the_o half_a go_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o left_a