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rest_n	bring_v	hand_n	left_a	2,328	5	10.3868	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38749	The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.; Ecclesiastical history. English	Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340.; Socrates, Scholasticus, ca. 379-ca. 440. Ecclesiastical history. English.; Evagrius, Scholasticus, b. 536? Ecclesiastical history. English.; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340. Life of Constantine. English.	1683 (1683)	Wing E3423; ESTC R6591	2,940,401	764

worthy of a thousand deaths For whenas he had never been admitted into sacred Orders he nevertheless took upon himself the name of a Presbyter and was so audacious as to perform the office of a Presbyter This Ischyras therefore detected in the commission of the foresaid crime made his escape thence and arriving at Nicomedia for refuge fled to the Eusebian faction They in regard of their hatred towards Athanasius receive him as a Presbyter and promise to prefer him to the dignity of a Bishoprick if he would frame an accusation against Athanasius they deriving a pretence for this calumny from those stories which Ischyras had contrived For he gave out that he had suffered most miserably by an assault made upon him and that Macarius running furiously into the Oratory as far as the Altar overturned the Table broke the mystical Cup and burnt the sacred books For this accusation as I have said the Eusebians promised him a Bishoprick as his reward being sensible that this accusation against Macarius would together with him that was accused overthrow Athanasius also who had sent Macarius This accusation therefore they charged him with afterwards But before this calumny they framed another stuffed with all manner of hatred and maliciousness which we must now speak of Having got a mans hand whence they had it I know not whether they had murdered any man and cut off his hand or whether they had cut it off from some dead body God only knows and they that were authours of this fact they produced it pretending it to be the hand of one Arsenius a Melitian Bishop the hand they exposed to all mens view but kept Arsenius concealed And they reported that Athanasius had this hand in his custody and made use of it in the performance of some magical delusions This therefore was the chiefest and most important point of the accusation which these Sycophants had forged against Athanasius But as it usually happens in such cases other persons accused him of other matters For all those who had been his enemies before did at this time most especially make use of their utmost force against him The Emperour having intelligence of these proceedings writes to Dalmatius the Censor his brothers son who then kept his residence at Antioch in Syria that he should command the persons accused to be brought before him and after he had taken cognizance of the case order them that were convicted to be punished He also sent Eusebius and Theognis that Athanasius might be tried before them When Athanasius knew that he was to be summoned to appear before the Censor he sent into Aegypt to find out Arsenius He had certain information that the man was concealed but he could not apprehend him because he frequently changed his lurking holes by removing from one place to another In the interim the Emperour suppressed the tryal which should have been before the Censor upon this account CHAP. XXVIII That the Emperour ordered a Synod of Bishops should be convened at Tyre upon account of the accusations brought against Athanasius THe Emperour had ordered a Synod of Bishops to meet that they might be present at the consecration of the Church which he had erected at Jerusalem He therefore issued out an order that those Bishops before they met there should first be convened at Tyre and by the by make researches into Athanasius's case that so all occasions of contention being by this means wholly taken away they might more peaceably perform the solemnities of the Churches dedication and consecrate it unto God This was the thirtieth year of Constantines Empire Moreover there were assembled at Tyre Bishops out of divers places to the number of sixty upon the summons of Dionysius a person that had born the Consulship Macarius the Presbyter was brought from Alexandria bound in iron chains under the custody of a guard of Souldiers But Athanasius would not have come thither not that he so much dreaded the accusations brought against him for he was not conscious to himself that he was guilty of those things he was accused for but he was afraid least they should make any innovations there in opposition to what had by common consent been approved of at the Synod of Nice But yet he dreaded the Emperours menacing letters For he had written to him that if he would not come voluntarily he should be brought by force Therefore Athanasius also was present there being necessitated to it CHAP. XXIX Concerning Arsenius and his hand which was reported to have been cut off MOreover Divine Providence forced Arsenius to go to Tyre For having neglected the commands which the Sycophants whose hireling he was had given him he came in a disguise to see what would be done there It accidentally hapned that the servants of Archelaus who was the Consularis heard some persons in an Inn say that Arsenius the person reported to have been murthered was there kept concealed in some Citizens house When they had heard this and had taken good notice of them that spoke these words they gave their Master an account of what they had heard He without the least delay immediately searched for the man and found him and when he had found him ordered he should be secured And gives notice to Athanasius not to be in the least disturbed for Arsenius was alive and present there Arsenius being apprehended denied that he was Arsenius But Paul Bishop of Tyre who had formerly known him made it appear that he was the person Divine Providence having before hand disposed of these things after this manner soon after Athanasius was summoned by the Synod And when he had made his appearance the Sycophants produced the hand and enforced their accusation against him But he demeaned himself prudently For he enquired of those that were present and of his Accusers whether any of them knew Arsenius When a great many answered that they knew him very well he caused Arsenius to be brought in before them having his hands hid under his upper long garment then he asked them again is this the man that hath lost his hand Hereupon they excepting those that knew whence the hand had been cut off were astonished at the strangeness of the thing For all the rest thought that Arsenius had really wanted a hand and they expected that Athanasius would make his own defence some other way But he took Arsenius's garment and turning it on one side shews the mans hand Again when some supposed that his other hand was wanting he made a short stay permitting them to continue dubious Immediately after without any further delay he turned aside the other part of his garment and shewed Arsenius's other hand after which he thus addressed himself to the company Arsenius as you see is found to have two hands as for the third let my Accusers shew the place whence it was cut off CHAP. XXX That Athanasius being found innocent after his first accusation his Accusers

Deacon with Stephen being one of them that were dispersed went down to Samaria and being full of the Divine power was the first that Preach't the Word to those inhabitants And the Grace of God did so effectually cooperate with him that by his Preaching he drew after him Simon Magus with many other men This Simon at that time very famous did so far prevail with those whom he had deceived by his imposture that they thought him to be the great power of God Then therefore this very person being greatly amazed at the Miracles Philip wrought by the power of God craftily insinuated himself and so far counterfeited a faith in Christ that he was baptized The same thing with admiration we see now done by the followers of his most filthy Sect who creeping into the Church as their fore-father did like some pestilent and leprous disease doe deeply corrupt all those into whom they are any way able to instil that pernicious and incurable poyson which lies concealed within them But many of them were cast out of the Church as soon as their vitiousness was discovered in like manner Simon himself being at length detected by Peter was deservedly punished Furthermore when the wholesome Preaching of the Gospel daily increased Divine providence brought out of the land of Aethiopia a man of great autority under the Queen of that Countrey for those Nations are according to their countrey fashion governed by a woman who being the first of the Gentiles that by Philip warned of God by a Vision was made partaker of the Mysteries of the Divine Word was also the first fruits of the faithfull throughout the world Returning into his own country he is reported to have been the first publisher of the Knowledge of the great God and of the comfortable Advent of our Saviour in the Flesh And so by him was really fulfilled that prediction of the Prophet Aethiopia shall stretch out her hand unto God At this time Paul that chosen vessel was made an Apostle not of men neither by men but by the revelation of Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead being vouchsafed this calling by a Vision and a voice from heaven which came to him at the Revelation thereof CHAP. II. How Tiberius was affected at the Relation Pilate sent him of those things concerning Christ. WHen the wonderfull Resurrection of our Saviour and his Ascension into Heaven was now divulged among all men because it was of old customary that the Governours of Provinces should communicate to the Emperour every strange and unusual accident that happened within their charge that so nothing that was done might escape his knowledge Pilate acquainted the Emperour Tiberius with the Resurrection of our Saviour Jesus Christ now much talk't of over all Palaestine giving him an account that he had also heard of many other Miracles of his and how that rising again after he had been dead he was now by many believed to be God And they say that Tiberius referred this matter to the Senate but the relation was rejected by them upon pretence that they had not first approved of the matter there being an old Law amongst the Romanes that no one should be deified but by the suffrage and decree of the Senate but in reality that the wholesome Preaching of the divine Doctrine might not stand in need of any humane approbation or assistance When therefore the Senate had rejected the Relation concerning our Saviour Tiberius persisted in his former judgment attempting nothing prejudicial to the Doctrine of Christ. Thus much Tertullian a man incomparably well skilled in the Roman Laws and every way famous and most renowned among the Latine Writers in the Apologie for the Christians written by him in Latine but afterwards translated into Greek does declare in these very words And that we may discourse concerning the Original of these Laws there was an old Decree that the Emperour should consecrate no God before he was approved by the Senate Marcus Aemilius knows this concerning his God Alburnus And this makes for our advantage because among you Divinity is weighed by humane approbation If God please not man he shall not be God Man now must be propitious to God Tiberius therefore in whose time the Christian Name made its entry into the world communicated to the Senate the account he had received out of Syria Palestine whereby the Truth of the Divinity of Christ was made apparent which he confirmed with his own suffrage But because the Senate had not approved of it it was rejected the Emperour persisted in his judgment threatning the accusers of the Christians with death Which opinion divine providence according to his dispensation instilled into the mind of Tiberius Caesar that the Preaching of the Gospel then in its infancy might without impediment spread over the whole world CHAP. III. How the Doctrine of Christ spread in a short time over the whole World ANd thus by the cooperation of Divine power the comfortable Word of God like the beams of the Sun on a sudden enlightned the whole world and presently agreeable to the Divine Scriptures the sound of the heavenly Evangelists and Apostles went out into all lands and their words into the ends of the earth And indeed in a short time there were throughout all Cities and Villages Churches gathered which like a Threshing-floor filled with Corn were thronged with infinite multitudes And they who deriving their ignorance from their Ancestours and their errours of old were ensnared as to their souls with the superstitious worship of Idols as in an inveterate disease being freed as it were from their cruel masters and loosned from their heavy bonds by the power of Christ and the Preaching and Miracles of his disciples did with scorn reject the multitude of gods brought in by devils and acknowledged there was one onely God the maker of all things And him they worshipped with the Holy Rites of true Religion by that divine and sober way of worship which our Saviour had spread among mankind When therefore the Grace of God diffused it self into the rest of the Nations and Cornelius of the City Caesarea in Palestine in the first place together with his whole household by a Vision from heaven and the Ministery of Peter embraced the Faith of Christ and many others of the Gentiles at Antioch did the same to whom the disciples dispersed upon the persecution that arose about Stephen Preached the word of God the Church at Antioch now increasing and prospering in which many were gathered together both Prophets from Jerusalem with whom were Paul and Barnabas and besides also other brethren in number not a few the appellation of Christians then and there first sprang up as from a pleasant and fertile soyle and Agabus also one of the Prophets there present fore-told the dearth that afterwards happened and Paul and Barnabas were sent to relieve the Brethren by their Ministration

Word which had newly enlightned mens minds from heaven did both flourish upon earth and also was conversant and did effectually cooperate with the Apostles Straightway therefore the foresaid Impostour having the eyes of his mind blinded by a divine and wonderful splendour and light as soon as he was detected by the Apostle Peter in Judea in what he had wickedly committed took a great journey over sea and fled from the Eastern to the Western parts concluding that he could no other way live freely and according to his own mind Arriving at Rome by the help and assistance of a devill there lying in wait he in a short time so far perfected his attempt that the inhabitants of that City set up an Image to him and worship't him as God But all succeeded not long according to his mind For soon after in the reign of Claudius the benign and most endearing providence of God brought Peter that valiant and great Apostle for courage chief of all the rest to Rome against this mighty destroyer of mankind who as a stout Leader of God armed with celestial weapons brought that precious merchandise of intelligible light from the East to those that dwelt towards the West declaring to them that Light and Doctrine comfortable to the soul to wit the publication of the Kingdom of heaven CHAP. XV. Of the Gospel according to Mark. WHen therefore he had published to them the divine Word immediately the power of Simon was extinct and together with the man himself destroyed But so great a lustre of Pietie enlightned the minds of them that were the hearers of Peter that they thought it not sufficient barely to hear him once nor were contented to have received the publication of the doctrine of the celestial Word by word of mouth and unwritten Therefore they earnestly entreated Mark Peters follower whose Gospel is at this day extant that he would leave with them some written Record of that doctrine they had heard Neither did they desist till they had prevailed with the man and thus they gave the occasion of writing that Gospel which is called the Gospel according to Mark. When the Apostle Peter understood by the Revelation of the holy Spirit what was done he was much delighted with the ardent desire of the men and confirmed that writing by his Autority that so thenceforward it should be read in the Churches Clemens in his sixth Book of Institutions relates this passage To whom the Bishop of Hierapolis by name Papias may be added as a witness Furthermore Peter mentions Mark in his former Epistle which as they say was written at Rome Peter himself does intimate thus much calling Rome by a figure Babylon in these words The Church that is at Babylon elected together with you saluteth you and so doth Marcus my son CHAP. XVI That Mark first Preached the knowledge of Christ to the Egyptians BUt this Mark going into Egypt is reported to have been the first publisher there of the Gospel he had written and to have setled Churches in the very City of Alexandria And furthermore that so great a multitude both of men and women who there embraced the faith of Christ professed from the very beginning so severe and so philosophical a course of life that Philo vouchsafed in his writings to relate their converse their Assemblies their eating and drinking together and their whole manner of living CHAP. XVII What Philo relates of the Ascetae in Egypt IT is reported that this Philo in the times of Claudius came to be familiarly acquainted with Peter at Rome who then Preached the Word of God there neither is this unlikely For that work of his of which we speak being by him elaborated a long time after does manifestly contain all the Ecclesiastical Rules which are to this present observed among us And seeing he describes evidently the lives of the Ascetae amongst us he does make it sufficiently perspicuous that he did not onely see but also very much approve of and admire the Apostolical men of his time who being as it is probable originally Jews upon that account did then observe in a great measure the Judaical Rites and customes First of all therefore in that Book which he intituled Of Contemplative life or of Suppliants having professed that he would insert nothing disagreeable to truth or of his own head into that account which he was about to give he says that the men were called Therapeutae and the women that were conversant among them Therapeutriae And he adjoyns the reason of that appellation either because like Physitians they healed the mindes of those that resorted to them curing them of their vitious affections or because they worshipped the Deity with a pure and sincere service and adoration Further whether Philo himself gave them this name devising an appellation agreeable to the manners and dispositions of the men or whether they were really so called from the beginning the name of Christians having not yet been every where spread and diffused it is not necessary positively to affirm or contend about it But he attests that in the first place they part with their goods saying that as soon as they betake themselves to this course of Philosophizing they put over their wealth and possessions to their relations Then casting away all care of wordly matters they leave the Cities and make their aboad in gardens and solitary places well knowing the conversing with men of a different and disagreeing perswasion to be unprofitable and hurtfull Which thing the Christians of that time seem to me to have instituted out of a generous and most fervent ardour of faith endeavouring to emulate the Prophetical severe course of life Therefore in the Acts of the Apostles which contain nothing but the perfect truth it is shewed that all the disciples of the Apostles selling their possessions and goods divided the price among the brethren according as every one had need that so there might not be any indigent person among them For as the Word says as many as were possessours of lands or houses sold them and brought the prizes of the things that were sold and laid them down at the Apostles feet and distribution was made unto every man according as he had need After Philo has attested the very same things with these of the Therapeutae he adds thus much farther concerning them word for word saying This sort of men indeed is diffused far and wide over the whole world For it was requisite that both Greeks Barbarians should be partakers of so excellent a benefit Egypt especially is full of them throughout all its divisions but most of all about Alexandria But from all places the principal of them retire themselves into a most commodious place above the Lake Maria situate upon a little rising hill excellently well seated both for wholsomeness of air and safe conveniency of abiding as into the Country of the Therapeutae Then

their outward eyes under the person of their sister Him who was therefore crucified for them that he might perswade those which believe in him that whosoever suffers for the glory of Christ hath eternal communion with the living God Now when none of the wild-beasts would then touch her she was taken from the stake and cast again into prison being reserved for another combat that so having been Conquerour in many incounters she might render the condemnation of the crooked Serpent inexcusable also she encouraged the brethren and though she was a person of small estimation infirm and despicable yet having clothed herself with the strength of Christ that great and invincible Champion she vanquished the adversary in many encounters and after a glorious combat was encircled with a Crown of incorruption Attalus also was by the multitude most earnestly required to be delivered up to punishment for he was an eminent person and by reason of the clearness of his conscience proceeded forth like a Champion prepared for the combat in that he had been perfectly and throughly exercised in the Christian discipline and was always a witness of the truth amongst us and after he had been lead round the Amphitheatre a table being carried before him whereon was written in the Roman tongue This is Attalus the Christian and the people had vehemently swell'd with rage and a●ger against him the President having understood that he was a Roman commanded he should again be committed to custody amongst the rest that were in prison Concerning whom he wrote to Caesar and expected an Edict from him Now this interval of time was spent neither idly nor unfruit●ully by them but by their patient sufferance the immeasurable mercy of Christ was made apparent for those members of the Church that were dead were by the living revived and the Martyrs conferred kindnesses upon those who were no Martyrs and there was a great joy begotten in the Virgin Mother the Church she having again received those alive whom by abortion she had cast forth as dead For through the means of the holy Martyrs many of those who had renounced the faith were newly formed in the womb born again had their vital heat rekindled in them and learned to confess themselves to be Christians And having now recovered life and strength they came before the tribunal God who desireth not the death of a sinner but is indulgent and kindly invites him to repentance in●using a sweetness into them that they might again be interrogated by the President For Caesar had signified by his Rescript that those who confest themselves to be Christians should be tortured but if any renounced the Faith they should be dismist from their imprisonment Now the publick Assembly here which is frequented by a numerous concourse of people of all nations that meet together at it being newly begun the President ordered the blessed Martyrs to be brought before the Tribunal making them a gazing-stock and by way of ostentation producing them as a pompous shew to the multitude When therefore he had again interrogated them as many as were found to have the priviledge of being free of the City of Rome he ordered should be beheaded the rest were cast to the wild-beasts But Christ was greatly glorified through those who formerly had renounced the Faith but then contrary to the expectation of the Heathens became to be Confessours for these persons were interrogated apart as being in all probability forthwith to be set at liberty but having confess 't themselves to be Christians they were added to the number of the Martyrs Now they continued without who never had the least impression of Faith nor a sense of the Wedding garment nor a thought about the fear of God but by their conversation defamed the way of Truth that is were the sons of perdition But all the rest were added to the Church during whose examination one Alexander by countrey a Phrygian by profession a Physitian a person who had dwelt many years in the Gallia's and was known almost to all men by reason of his love to God and his boldness and fearlesness in Preaching his word for he wanted not Apostolick grace standing near to the Tribunal and by nods encouraging them to a confession of the Faith appeared to those who stood round the Tribunal as if he endured the pangs of childbirth now the multitude being in a great sume because those who had before renounc't the Faith did now again make confession of it cried out against Alexander as if he were the occasion thereof and the President having commanded him to be set before him and asked him who he was and he having said that he was a Christian being in a rage condemned him to be cast to the wild-beasts And the day following he entred the Amphitheatre together with Attalus for the President to gratifie the multitude did again deliver Attalus to the wild-beasts which two persons having undergone all the instruments of torment in the Amphitheatre that were invented to torture them with and endured a great combat were at last run through with a sword Alexander indeed did neither sigh nor utter any expression at all but in his heart spoke to God and continued praysing of and praying to him but Attalus when he was set in the Iron chair and scortched all over when the favour of his burnt flesh ascended from his body said to the multitude in the Roman tongue behold this that you doe is to devour men but we neither devour men nor practise any other thing that is evill being asked also what name God had he answered God has not a name as man has In fine after all these persons on the last day of the Gladiatours combats Blandina was again brought forth together with Ponticus a youth about fifteen years old who also were everyday led in to see the tortures of the rest and they constrained them to swear by their Idols but because they continued firm and constant and contemned their gods the multitude was so enraged against them that they neither had compassion on the age of the young man nor shewed any reverential respect towards the Sex of the woman but exposed them to all manner of cruell tortures and made them pass through the whole circuit of torments now and then compelling them to swear but were unable to effect that For Ponticus being encouraged by his sister insomuch that the Heathens perceived it was ●he that encouraged and strengthened him having couragiously undergone all sorts of tortures gave up the ghost But the blessed Blandina the last of all having like a noble and valiant mother encouraged her children and sent them before as conquerors to the King after she had measured over the same course of Combats that her sons had passed through hastned to them being glad and rejoycing at her exit as if she had been invited to a nuptial supper and were not

father's estate having been confiscate he was brought into extream want of necessary subsistance together with his relations but God thought him worthy of his providence And he obtains entertainment and rest from a woman who was very rich in respect of her estate and very eminent otherways Moreover who carefully ministred to a very famous man one of that Heretical Sect then at Alexandria but by birth an Antiochian Him the foresaid woman having adopted for her son kept him with her and shew'd kindness to him in a most especial manner But Origen though forc'd to converse with the said Heretick yet from that time shew'd powerfull proofs of his sound Opinion concerning the Faith For when great multitudes of people not onely Hereticks but also them of our Religion flock'd to Paul for this was the mans name because he seem'd to be a person of great eloquence Origen could never be induced to assist him in prayer always from a child observing the Cannon of the Church and abominating the doctrines of Heresies as he himself in express words somewhere says and having been educated in the Greek learning by his father at first after his death he devoted himself wholly and more earnestly to the study of the Liberal Sciences so that he was furnished with an indifferent skill in the Art of Grammar and having profest this Art soon after his father's death he got plenty of necessaries considering the age he was then of CHAP. III. How Origen being very young Preach't the word of Christ. WHilest he yet applied himself to his School as he in his Writings recordeth no one residing at Alexandria to teach the Principles of Christianity but all being driven away by the threatning persecution some of the Heathens resorted to him to hear the word of God Of which number he notes Plutarchus to have been the first who when he had lived a virtuous secular life was crown'd with divine Martyrdom The second was Heraclas Plutarchus's brother who having under him shew'd many instances of a Philosophical and severe course of life was honour'd with the Bishoprick of Alexandria after Demetrius He was now in the eighteenth year of his age when he was master of the Catechetical School in which he made great proficiency in the persecutions during the time of Aquila's Prefecture over Alexandria At which time he purchas'd to himself a famous name amongst all them who were well affected towards the Faith for the singular friendship and alacrity which he shew'd to all the holy Martyrs known and unknown For he convers'd not onely with such as were in bonds nor with them who had been examined untill their last sentence but with those blessed Martyrs also who after that was pronounc't were led to Execution making use of great boldness he went to meet dangers so that the furious multitude of the Heathens standing round were frequently not far from stoning of him when he boldly came forth and with great freeness of speech communed with the Martyrs and kissed them had not he once miraculously escap'd having the Right-hand of God for his assistance The same divine and heavenly Grace at other times again and again so that t is impossible to say how often preserv'd him from them who then lay'd wait for him because of his exceeding cheerfulness and confidence in Preaching the doctrine of Christ Indeed so great was the hostility of the Infidells against him because such multitudes were instructed by him in the things which appertain to the holy faith that having made a concourse they set Souldiers to watch about the house in which he abode And the Persecution against him waxed so hot daily that all the whole City of Alexandria could no longer secure him he removes indeed from house to house but is driven from all places because of the multitude which through him were made Proselytes to the Divine Doctrine For his common actions contain'd the most admirable Rules of the truest Philosophy indeed as the common saying is such as his doctrine was such was his manner of life and such as his manner of life was such he demonstrated his doctrine to be by this means especially together with the Divine power assisting him he induced many to a zealous imitation of him But when he saw many Scholars now flocking to him the exercise of Catechising being committed solely to him by Demetrius who was Bishop of the Church supposing the teaching of Grammar disagreeable to his studies in divine Learning he forthwith breaks off his Grammar School as unprofitable and contrary to the Sacred learning Then entring into a prudent consideration with himself how he might not stand in need of assistance from others he sold all the Volumes he had of Antient Heathen Writers which were most elaborately compil'd and was content with four oboli a day that were brought him by the buyer For many years he persevered in this Philosophical course of life depriving himself of all matter which might nourish youthfull lusts both undergoing no small labour of severe exercise in the day-time and also assigning to himself the greater part of the night for his study in the holy Scriptures patiently persevering in the most Philosophical life imaginable Somtimes he inur'd himself to the exercises of fasting at other times to houres measur'd out for his repose which he would by no means enjoy upon a bed but made it his business to take it on the bare ground for he thought those Evangelical Words of our Saviour ought most especially to be observ'd which exhort us not to have two coats nor to wear shoes nor to be sollicitous about the cares of the time to come Moreover with a courage far greater then his age he patiently endur'd both cold and nakedness and came to that height and extremity of want that he made those of his acquaintance admire exceedingly And he caus'd grief in many who entreated him that they might communicate of their estates to him because they saw him bring such labours on himself for the Gospel's sake but he remitted nothing of his patience 'T is reported he walk'd upon the ground barefoot many years in no wise wearing any shoes And also for many years he abstained from the use of wine and from all other things except necessary sustenance so that now he fell into a great danger of spoiling and turning his stomach He deservedly excited most of his Scholars to imitate him shewing them who look'd upon him such examples of a Philosophical life Insomuch that now not onely the vulgar unbelieving Heathens but also they who were learned Philosophers were through him brought to submit themselves to his doctrine And it came to pass that they who receiv'd by him in the bottom of their hearts sincerely the faith of the Gospel were famous in the time of the then Persecution so that some of them after apprehension finished their lives by Martyrdom CHAP. IV. How many of

Macrianus therefore having treacherously betrayed one of the Emperours which preceded him and made War upon the other was immediately extirpated and together with his whole family became extinct Gallienus was now proclaimed and by common consent received Emperour he was both an old Emperour and a new for he was before them and also survived them for according to that which was spoken by the Prophet Esaias Behold the former things are come to pass and new things shall now rise up For as a cloud rising up before the rays of the fun overshadoweth it for a while and appears to be substituted into the place thereof but when the cloud has gone over it or is dissolved the sun which before was risen seems then to arise again so Macrianus who set himself before and approacht the very Empire of Gallienus now is not for he never was but Gallienus as he was Emperour before so he now continues to be And the Empire it self having deposited its old Age as it were and being cleansed from the dregs of its former improbity now flourisheth with greater vividness is seen and heard of at a larger distance and spreads its fame in all places He afterwards declares the time when he wrote these things in these words It now again comes into my mind to contemplate the years of our Emperour For I see how those most impious persons who had so great a name are in a short time become most obscure But our most Pious and Religious Emperour having passed his seventh is now in the ninth year of his Empire in which we are about to solemnize the Festivals CHAP. XXIV Concerning Nepos and his Schism BEsides Dionysius wrote two Books concerning the promises The occasion of his writing these Books was Nepos an Aegyptian Bishop who taught that the promises which were made to the Saints in the sacred Scriptures should be performed in the Jewish sence and affirmed that there was to come a thousand years state upon earth which should be spent in bodily pleasures Now he supposing he could confirm his own opinion out of John's Revelation wrote a Book upon this Question and intitled it A Confutation of the Allegorical Expositors which piece Dionysius confutes in his Books concerning the Promises In the first Book of which he proposeth his own opinion concerning the Question In the second he discourseth concerning the Revelation of John where in the very beginning he makes mention of this Nepos and writes thus concerning him But because they produce a Book of Nepos's on which they rely very much as if it did infallibly demonstrate that the Kingdom of Christ should be set up on earth indeed for several other things I commend and love Nepos for his faith his industry and study in the Scriptures and also for the many Psalms and Hymns he composed with which many of the Brethren are even at this time much delighted And I reverence the man for this reason chiefly because he is dead But I judge truth most to be beloved and to be the most precious of all things It is our duty to praise and freely to commend what-ever is truly said but we are also to examine and correct what-ever unsound opinion appears to have been committed to writing Now could he be present and discusse his opinion by word of mouth then a bare discourse by Questions and Answers without any writing might suffice to convince and reduce the adverse party to an agreement But since there is a Book published and as to some it seems a most perswasive one since some Teachers look upon the Law and the Prophets to be of no value neglect to follow the Gospels have small esteem for the Epistles of the Apostles and promise great things concerning the Doctrine of this Book as containing some great and hidden Mystery since they will not suffer the more ignorant of our brethren to think of any thing that is sublime and great neither of the glorious and truly divine advent of our Lord nor of our Resurrection from the dead our gathering together to him and our being made like him But perswade them to think that men hope for nothing in the Kingdom of God but abject and mortal things such as they now hope for It is necessary we enter into a dispute against our Brother Nepos as if he himself were present After some words he continues saying When I was in the Province of the Arsinoitae where as you know this opinion was long since propagated so far that there were Schisms and revoltings of whole Churches together having convened the Presbyters and Teachers of the Brethren in every particular Vilage such Brethren also as had a mind to come being present I advised them that there might be researches made into this Doctrine in the presence of a publick Assembly And when they produced this Book as a defence and an impregnable bulwark sitting with them three whole days together from morning till evening I endeavoured to discusse the contents thereof In all which time I did extraordinarily admire the constancy of the Brethren their love to truth and the great quickness and readiness of their understanding with so much order modesty and moderation did we propose Questions propound doubts and yield our assents For we took special care never pertinaciously to defend our former opinions when once they were found to be erroneous neither did we shun the objections of others But to the utmost of our power we endeavoured to keep close to the points of the present Question and confirm them as well as we could Neither if we were convinc't were we ashamed to be perswaded out of our opinion and consent with others But with a good conscience unfeignedly and with hearts displai'd to God we received what-ever was grounded upon the demonstrations and declarations of the sacred Scripture In the conclusion the chief maintainer and champion of this Doctrine by name Coracio confessed and made a protestation to us in the Audience of all the Brethren there Assembled that he would no longer adhere to this opinion nor dispute concerning it nor mention it nor preach it so powerfully was he convinc't by the Arguments which had been brought against it And the rest of the Brethren which were present rejoyced at this conference and at the reconciliation and unanimity which was amongst all men CHAP. XXV Concerning the Revelation of John HAving interposed some words he afterwards says thus concerning the Revelation of John Indeed some of our Ancestours disowned and wholly rejected this Book confuting every Chapter and demonstrating it to be an unknown and senseless work and that the Title is forged for they say it is not John's Neither is it a Revelation because it is covered over with so thick and dark a vail of Ignorance And that not onely no Apostle but also no holy or Ecclesiastick person could have been the compiler of this

sacrifice he judged the sight thereof to be a thing intollerable and being incited by a zeal for the divine worship he drew near and crying out with a loud voice began to rebuke them Being forthwith apprehended upon account of this his boldness he demonstrated himself if ever any other person did to be a most couragious witness of the Truth For when the Judge had condemned him to be burnt to death having gladly received his sentence of condemnation with a cheerfull countenance and a mind most couragiously disposed he was led to execution Then being bound to the stake and the combustible matter being laid together whilst the officers that were about to kindle the fire waited for the determination of the Emperour who was then present he cryed out where is the fire provided for me When he had said this he was by command brought before the Emperour in order to his being punished with a new sort of punishment to wit the cutting out of his tongue Having most couragiously endured this punishment he gave a real demonstration to all men that the divine power is always present with those who undergo any sort of torture whatsoever for Religion which does mitigate their pains and corroborate them with an alacrity of mind This couragious person therefore being sensible of the newness of his punishment was in no wise terrified but willingly put forth his tongue and with a most ready alacrity produced it to those who cut it out After which punishment he was put into bonds and being for a long time afflicted in prison in conclusion when the twentieth year of the Emperours Reign was come wherein according to the usual indulgence liberty was publickly proclaimed to all persons in all places that were in bonds he onely lying in the stocks and having both his feet distended to the distance of five holes was strangled and according to his desire was adorned with the Crown of Martyrdom This person being a Palestinian although he suffered Martyrdom without the limits of his own Country yet deserves to be reckoned amongst the Martyrs of Palestine These things were after this manner performed in the first year of the Persecution when it raged against the Prelates onely of the Church CHAP. III. Concerning Timotheus Agapius Thecla and eight other Martyrs AFterwards in the second year when the rage of the Persecution against us was become more violent and sharp Urbanus being at that time Governour of the Province the Imperial Edicts having been then first brought wherein it was by a general command ordered that all persons in all places and Cities whatsoever should publickly offer sacrifice and incense to the Idols Timotheus underwent innumerable tortures at Gaza a City of Palestine after all which he was consumed by a remiss and slow fire and having exhibited a most genuine proof of his sincere piety towards God by a patient sufferance under all his torments he obtained the Crown belonging to the sacred and victorious Champions of Religion Agapius also and that Thecla who lived in our times having together with the foresaid Timotheus given a demonstration of their most undaunted courage and stedfastness of mind were condemned to be devoured by wild beasts Who is he that would not have wondred at the sight of what followed hereupon or that would not have been astonished at the hearing a relation thereof For when the Heathens celebrated their publick Festivals and exhibited their usual shews there was a great report that together with those others whom they had a mighty esteem for the Christians also lately condemned were to be exposed to a combat with the wild beasts in the Amphitheatre This report therefore being increased and spread every where six youths whereof one was born in Pontus by name Timolaus another born at Tripolis a City of Phoenicia whose name was Dionysius the third was Sub-deacon of the Diospolitane Church his name Romulus besides the two Egyptians Pausis and Alexander and another Alexander name-sake to the former born at Gaza these six young men I say having first bound their hands together that they might thereby manifest their great readiness and alacrity to undergo Martyrdom ran in great hast to Urbanus as he was going to the Amphitheatre and confest themselves to be Christians and by their being prepared to endure all sorts of tortures they demonstrated that those who make their boast in the worship of the supream God can in no wise be terrified at the furious assaults of the wild beasts The President himself and those who stood round him having been forthwith struck with no small amazement these Confessours were ordered to be shut up in prison Not many days after two others being added to their number one whereof by name Agapius having before them undergone horrid and various sorts of tortures had formerly been signallized for several confessions the other ministred bodily necessaries to them his name Dionysius all these being now made up eight in number were beheaded on one and the same day at Caesarea to wit on the twenty fourth day of the month Dystrus which precedes the ninth of the Calends of April At the same time happened a change of the Emperours he that had the precedency of all the rest and the next to him in place having left off their Imperial attire put themselves into a private habit and the affairs of the Empire began to be in an ill posture The Roman Empire being soon after divided there brake out an implacable war between the Romans themselves neither could the divisions and which were the consequences thereof the tumults be made up and appeased before the Christians throughout the whole Roman Empire had a peace ratified and firmed to them For as soon as that peace like light after a cloudy and most darksome night darted forth its rays upon all men the publick affairs of the Roman Empire were again restored to their pristine stability amity and peaceableness all persons recovering that mutual friendliness which had been derived down to them from their Ancestours But we will give an exacter account of these matters at a more opportune place and time Now we are to prosecute the subsequent series of our narration CHAP. IV. Concerning Apphianus the Martyr MAximinus Caesar from the very time of his coming to the Empire as if he would demonstrate to all men the tokens of his innate hatred against God and of his own impiety attempted a more violent persecution against those of our Religion than the preceding Emperours had done When therefore no small inquietude was impendent on all persons and they were dispersed some in one place some in another every one making it his chief business to avoid the danger and all the Provinces were involved in a most terrible commotion what expressions can be sufficient for us deservedly to set forth the divine love and the bold and free confession of God made by that blessed and truly innocent Lamb Apphianus the

Churches In as much as we have resolved that those estates which the said Churches have formerly possessed shall revert and become their right again Since therefore your Devotedness understandeth that this is the most evident purport of our Command take care that all estates which did formerly belong to the right of the said Churches whether gardens houses or whatever else be immediately restored to them again whereby we may be informed that you have with all diligence and accuracy obeyed this our Command Farewell dearest and Our most beloved Anulinus A Copy of the Emperour Constantine's Rescript by which he summoneth a Synod of Bishops at Rome for the uniting and reconciling of the Churches Constantinus Augustus to Miltiades Bishop of Rome and to Mark. In regard several such Libels as these have been sent me from the most Eminent Anulinus Proconsul of Africa wherein 't is declared that Cecilianus Bishop of the City of Carthage is accused of many things by some of his Collegues ordained Bishops throughout Africa and this matter seeming not a little grievous to us that in those very Provinces which the providence of God delivered to our sacredness by a voluntary surrender and where there is a great multitude of people the populace being in a manner divided should be found to degenerate and become worse and differences should be nourished even amongst Bishops It seemed good to us that Cecilianus himself together with ten Bishops his supposed Accusers and ten other Bishops whom he shall judge necessary in behalf of his cause sail to Rome that there in your presence and also in the presence of Reticius Maternus and Marinus your Collegues whom for this reason we have commanded to hasten to Rome he may be heard in such manner as you know is most agreeable with the most sacred Law Moreover that you may have a most compleat and perfect knowledge of all these things we have subjoyned to this our Rescript Copies of the Libels which were sent to us by Anulinus and have transmitted them to your aforesaid Collegues Which Libels when your Gravity shall have read you shall deliberate how the aforesaid controversie may with the greatest accuracy be examined and determined according to equity For it is not unknown to your Assiduity that we bear so great a Reverence to the most Legitimate Catholick Church that we would have you leave no Schisme or dissension at all in any part of it The Divinity of the supream God preserve you Dearest many years A Copy of an Imperial Rescript by which Constantine Summons a second Synod to put an end to all Dissension amongst the Bishops Constantinus Augustus to Chrestus Bishop of Syracuse When as heretofore some began wickedly and perversly to separate from the holy Religion the celestial power and the Catholick Opinion We desirous that such pertinacious contentions as these should be pared off took such order that some Bishops being sent out of France and also those summoned out of Africa who being of contrary factions pertinaciously and continually quarrelled amongst themselves the Bishop of Rome being also present this dissension which seemed to be raised after a most careful examination might in their presence be composed But in regard as it commonly happens some persons forgetful both of their own salvation and of the veneration due to the most holy Religion cease not as yet to improve their private grudges and animosities being unwilling to acquiesce in the sentence already passed but positively asserting that they were but a few Bishops who gave their Sentiments and Opinions and that before they had carefully enquired into all things which ought to have been first inspected they proceeded with too much hast and precipitancy to pass a definitive sentence From all this it happens that even they whose duty it is to preserve a brotherly and unanimous unity of mind unworthily or rather impiously create Schismes amongst one another and also give an occasion of scorn and derision to those men whose soules are alienated from the most holy Religion Wherefore it was our chiefest care that these divisions which ought after sentence already given to have been terminated by a voluntary assent might now at last be concluded in the presence of many Bishops Since therefore we have summoned many Bishops out of divers and innumerable places to assemble themselves on the Calends of August at the City Orleans we thought good to write to you also that having received a publick Chariot from the most eminent Latronianus Corrector of Sicily and taking into your company two of the second Order whom you shall think fit to chuse and also bringing along with you three servants which may minister to you in your journey you meet on the very day appointed at the place aforesaid that both by your Gravity and also by the unanimous and concordant prudence and perspicacity of the rest there assembled this dissension which has shamefully been continued hitherto by certain detestable quarellings after all things have been heard which shall be said by the now disagreeing parties whom we have summon'd to appear also may now at last be restored to a fit and congruous observancy of Religion and faith and to a Brotherly union God Almighty preserve you in health many years CHAP. VI. Concerning the Estates belonging to the Christians A Copy of the Emperour's Rescript by which he granteth money to the Churches COnstantinus Augustus to Cecilianus Bishop of Carthage For as much as it was our pleasure that through all the Provinces of Africa Numidia and both Mauritania's some thing should be allowed for necessary Expences to some Ministers of the most Holy and Legitimate Catholick Religion who were expresly named We wrote to the most perfect Ursus Rationalist of Africa and have intimated to him that he take care to pay to your Gravity three thousand Folles Therefore when you shall have received the sum aforesaid command that it be distributed to all the forementioned Ministers according to a Breve directed to you from Hosius But if you shall perceive there will be any thing wanting towards the fulfilling of our desire to all in this point without making any scruples or delays you shall demand of Heraclas the Steward of our Estates whatsoever you shall judge requisite For we ordered him when he was with us that if your Gravity demanded any money of him he should without the least hesitancy take care it should be told out to you And because we have been informed that some men who are of an unsetled mind make it their business to pervert the members of the most Holy Catholick Church by a certain impious and clancular falshood and corruption We would have you understand that We gave such orders to Anulinus our Proconsul and also to Patricius Deputy of the Prefects when present that amongst all other things they take an effectual and sufficient care about this business more especially and

with prudence and modesty and not to raise Seditions Some of these people revering his admonitions desisted from being obstinate and perverse But he let alone others of them who were incurable in reference to their being brought to a soundness of mind and committed them to God having at no time designed any thing of severity against any one of them Hence it hapned as 't is probable that those who had raised a Sedition in the Region of the Africans proceeded to such an height of wickedness that they attempted some audacious facts the Devill as 't is likely envying that plenty of the present blessings and inciting those men to absurd practises that he might incense the mind of the Emperour against them But he reapt no advantage by his envy in regard the Emperour accounted what was done to be ridiculous and affirmed tha he acknowledged it the incitation of the Devil For he said that those were not the actions of sober persons but of such as were either altogether mad men or stimulated by the wickedest of Devils which sort of people ought to be pitied rather than punish't For it would not be such an height of justice to be incited against the fury of mad men as 't is a transcendency of Humanity to compassionate their condition CHAP. XLVI His Victories over the Barbarians THus the Emperour in all his Actions worshipped God the Inspectour of all things and with an indefatigable sollicitude made provision for his Churches But God rewarded him and subdued almost all Barbarous Nations under his feet in so much that he erected Trophies in all places against his Enemies He proclaimed him Conquerour amongst all men and rendred him formidable to his Enemies and adversaries although naturally he was no such man but rather the mildest meekest and most compassionate personage of all Mortalls what ever CHAP. XLVII The Death of Maximin and others whose Plots Constantine discovered God making them known to him IN the interim that he was doing these things the second of those two persons who had resigned the Empire framed a design to cut off Constantine and being discovered ended his life by a most ignominious death And this was the first person whose Pictures Statues and what ever other Monuments are usually erected in honour of the Emperours were defaced and thrown down in all parts of the world in regard he was an impious and wicked wretch After this man other persons also related to him who were contriving secret Plots against Constantine were detected God himself in a most miraculous manner being the discoverer of all their designs to his servant by Visions For he frequently vouchsafed him his own presence the Divine Likeness appearing to him in a most wonderfull manner and suggesting to him all manner of foreknowledge in relation to future affairs Indeed the Miracles shown him by divine Grace are inexpressible nor is it possible for a Narrative to comprehend what great blessings God himself vouchsafed to afford his Servant With which he was surrounded and spent the residue of his life in Repose and Safety highly pleased at the benevolence and good affection of his Subjects rejoycing because he saw all those under his Government leading peaceable and chearfull lives but above all extraordinarily delighted with the splendour and flourishing condition of God's Churches CHAP. XLVIII The Celebration of Constantine's Decennalia WHilst he was in this condition the Tenth year of his Empire was compleated On which account he celebrated publick and solemn Festivalls and put up Thanksgivings like some pure sacrifices without fire and smoak to God the supream King With which Holy Exercises he was highly delighted but he was not so well pleased with the account brought him by those Messengers from whom he received advice concerning the Ruine of the Provinces in the East CHAP. XLIX In what manner Licinius afflicted the East FOr a certain Savage Beast he was told had beset both the Church of God there and the rest of the Provincialls also the most impure Devil enraged with emulation as 't were striving to do the quite contrary to those things performed by the pious Emperour In so much that the Roman Empire divided into two parts seemed to all men to be like the night and the day For a darkness involved the Inhabitants of the East but a most bright day enlightned those who dwelt in the Western parts Whose enjoyment of those innumerable Blessings procured them by God was an intollerable spectacle to the Envy of the Devil that hater of good nor did the Tyrant who oppressed the other part of the world think that fit to be born with Who seeing the affairs of his Empire succeeding prosperously and being vouchsafed an affinity by marriage to so great an Emperour as Constantine was relinquished the imitation of that pious Prince and strove to embrace the instructions and wicked Moralls of the Impious And he made it his business rather to follow their advices whose calamitous end he had been an eye-witness of than to continue in a friendship and amity with him that was his Better CHAP. L. In what manner Licinius attempted to frame Treacheries against Constantine HE raises therefore an irreconcileable War against his Benefactour without calling to mind the Laws of friendship not considering his Oaths his affinity or the Leagues that were between them For the most Benigne Constantine that he might give him the surest evidence of his sincere Benevolence and affection made him partaker of his own paternall Lineage and of that Imperiall bloud he drew from his Ancestours by matching his Sister to him and permitted him to enjoy the Colleague-ship of the whole Roman Empire But Licinius's thoughts were contrary hereto being taken up in contriving Machinations and ill-designes against his Better inventing various sorts of Treacheries successively that with mischiefs he might reward his Benefactour And at the beginning he pretended friendship and performed all things with deceit and fraud hoping that his audacious designs might be kept concealed But God discovered those Treacheries of his hatch't in darkness to his Servant Constantine Whereupon Licinius because detected in his first attempts betook himself to second frauds sometimes pretending friendship at others procuring himself belief by the Religion of Oathes and Leagues then on a sudden he would violate what he had agreed to and again would crave pardon by an Embassie after which he would render himself infamous by Lyes But at length he proclaimed open War and instigated by a desperate madness of mind took a resolution in future to bear Arms against God himself of whom he well knew the Emperour Constantine was a Worshipper CHAP. LI. Licinius's Treacheries against the Bishops and his prohibitions of Synods ANd in the first place with great closeness and subtlety he made a strict inquiry into those Ministers of God that lived under his Dominions who had never committed any Crime against his Government

inserted at the 739 th page of his works Edit Paris 1627. Moreover Socrates's relation here may be refuted also by these arguments For if these things had been done after the Council at Antioch not only Eusebius but the whole Synod would have sent an Embassy and Letters to Julius Besides it would have been altogether ridiculous and unseemly after the matter was determined in a Council and put in execution Athanasius being now expelled and Gregorius put into his See to write to Julius that he would be judge and remove the controversie in order to its being discust before him as if the matter were still wholly undetermined Sozomen book 3. chap. 7. has followed Socrates's mistake in this relation Vales. a In the old description of Constantinople this Church is mentioned where 't is called Paul's Church and 't is placed in the seventh ward of the City Vales. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coagulated or curded as the runnet doth in the making of cheese a Ammianus Marcellinus had at large described this Sedition of the Constantinopolitans in those books of his History which are lost But he has by the by mentioned it in his 14 th book pag. 23. Edit Paris 1636. Libanius means this tumult in his Oration entitled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and says it was a most violent Sedition It hapned in the third Consulate of Constantius and in Constans's second which was the year of Christ 342 as it is recorded in Fast. Idat. Vales. See Valesius's Annotas on Amm. Marcellinus page 47. b It is doubtful whether Socrates meanes here bushells of Bread-corn or loaves of bread The Author of the Life of Paulus Bishop of Constantinople which occurs in Photius's Bibliotheca pag. 1421. Edit David Ho●s●bell 1611. supposed that in this place loaves were meant For thus he says 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. the whole donation was eighty thousand loaves daily distributed 〈◊〉 I am rather of opinion and so Epiphanius Scholasticus understands it that Bushells are meant For the term 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of wheat imports bushells of wheat rather then loaves Besides how could eighty thousand loaves be sufficient for that multitude of Citizens which inhabited Constantinople should any one wonder at this vast quantity of bread-corn usually distributed every day let him hear Eunapius in the Life of Aedesius pag. 38 Edit Comm. 1596. thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. i. e. But in our age neither the ships loaden with corn which come from Aegypt nor that vast quantity of wheat brought out of all Asia Syria Phoenicia and the rest of the Provinces upon the consideration of tribute is sufficient to fill and satisfic that drunken multitude of people which Constantine by emptying of other Cities hath transported to Bysantium Concerning this prescript about bread corn for the supply of Constantinople appointed by Constantine of blessed memory and afterwards increased by Theodosius See the second Law in Cod. Theod. de frumento urbis Constantinop Vales. c From the Authority of the Allat M. S. this place is to be amended thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. For he was incensed against him not only because he had been ordained c. Thus also the reading is in the Life of Paulus Constantinop Vales. a Socrates mistakes here also For Gregorius who was created Bishop of Alexandria in the Synod of Antioch held that Bishoprick six years untill the Council of Serdica in which he was deposed and excommunicated as it is related in the Synodical Epistle of that Council And when he had survived this sentence about six months he died as Athanasius attests in Epistol ad Soli●ar Theodoret has corrected this mistake of Socrates's and Sozomon's in book 2. of his Eccles. Hist. Georgius was made Bishop of Alexandria by the Arians long after Gregorius in the year of Christ 356. Vales. b This place was corrupted by a transposition of the words which gave translatours an occasion of mistaking here But the words might have been easily put into their order after this manner 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. as being a person odious both upon account of his burning the Church and also because c. Socrates does here assign two reasons why the Arians deprived Gregorius of his Bishoprick The first is because Gregorius was a person hated by all men upon account of his burning Dionysius's Church which Socrates has mentioned before Athanasius also takes notice of it in Epist. ad solitar The other reason is because he seemed not zealous enough in defending their opinion The same is confirmed by Sozomen book 3. chap. 7. Eccles. Hist. Vales. a After the murder of Hermogenes the Emperours Lieutenant-General Constantius put Paulus into iron chains and banisht him to Singar a Town of Mesopotamia whence he removed him afterwards to Emisa as I have remarked out of Athavasius in my second book of Ecclesiastick observations chap. 6. Therefore what Socrates here says is false to wit that Paulus was at Rome at the same time that Athanasius was there Indeed Marcellus Bishop of Anoy●● was at Rome together with Athanasius as we are informed from Julius's Letter to the Eastern Bishops which is also ascertained from Marcellus's Libel which he presented to Julius But Julius speaks not a word concerning Paulus in his foresaid Epistle whom he would doubtless have mentioned had he been then at Rome with Athanasius and Marcellus Vales. b Julius restored not one of the forementioned Bishops not Athanasius himself to his own See For in the Roman Synod wherein Athanasius's and Marcellus's cause was discust Athanasius was only pronounced innocent and admitted to communion by Julius and the rest of the Bishops But against Athanasius's accusers who refused to make their personal appearance in judgment nothing was determined as I have observed out of Athanasius in my first book of Ecclesiastick Observations Nor was Athanasius Marcellus Asclepas or Lucius restored before the Synod of Serdica Vales. c After the Roman Synod wherein Athanasius was pronounced innocent when Julius had sent a Letter by Gabianus the Comes to the Eastern Bishops who had met in a Synod at Antioch at such time as the Church was dedicated see chap. 8. of this book the Eastern Bishops in order to their answering of this Letter were convened again at Antioch in the year of Christ 343. And they wrote back an elegant and sharp Letter to Julius the sense whereof Sozomen relates book 3. chap. 8. Vales. * The Church of Rome See Euseb. Eccles Hist. book 6. chap. 43. d What Socrates here says to wit that Athanasius returned at that time to Alexandria is false For Athanasius went not back to that City till after the Council at Serdica that is till after the year of Christ 348. Vales. e We follow Christophorsons S r Henry Savils reading here which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. or how many complaints the Synods c. Vales. f In the Allat M. S. the reading