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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
rest_n	bishop_n	church_n	presbyter_n	2,348	5	10.4986	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64661	The judgement of the late Arch-Bishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland 1. Of the extent of Christs death and satisfaction &c, 2. Of the Sabbath, and observation of the Lords day, 3. Of the ordination in other reformed churches : with a vindication of him from a pretended change of opinion in the first, some advertisements upon the latter, and in prevention of further injuries, a declaration of his judgement in several other subjects / by N. Bernard.	Ussher, James, 1581-1656.; Bernard, Nicholas, d. 1661.	1658 (1658)	Wing U188; ESTC R24649	53,942	189

reflexion In whom with his conformity to the Discipline Liturgy and Articles of the Church of England labour in writing constancy in preaching against the errours of Popery and such as border upon it so much humility holinesse and charity and other fruits of the spirit did so eminently shine Indeed I have seen divers Letters wrote unto him from those who heretofore were so aspersed full of respect and large expressions of their love to him and many receiving satisfaction have concurred with him in the abovesaid particulars his humility and meeknesse prevailing more then others strict austerity but how that said Title could be fixed on him I am yet to seek unlesse it bear a better sense than the Authours of it will own Nay some of the simpler sort hearing of a conjunction of Popery and Prelacy have thought they could not be parted in him though most of his Sermons as well as his writings sufficiently clear him that way I remember many yeares agone the late Arch-Bishop of Canterbury wrote unto him into Ireland of a strong rumour then raised of him here at Court That he was turned a Papist presumed to be by a Letter of some Popish Priest from thence But it fell out to be at the same time or immediately after he had in two Learned Sermons given his judgement at large that the Papacy was meant by Babylon in the 17 and 18 of the Revelation which in the return of his answer to that report he did affirm and was his judgment to his last though the reply made to him did not consent in that I am not a stranger to such a design of some of the Romish party a little before his death for the raising of the like rumour by some Letters wrote unto him from some of eminency among them which I disdain any further to mention And thus upon this occasion I have endeavoured to prevent for the future any more injurious mistakes of him by an impartial declaring according to my knowledge his judgement and practice in these particulars wherein he may well be esteemed of us as Erasmus saith of Saint Augstine Vividum quoddam exemplar Episcopi omnibus virtutum numeris absolutum And I wish in these divided times wherein each party hath a great and a reverend opinion of him they would shew it in this by taking his spirit of moderation for their Copy to write after and for my own part I would to God not only they but also all that read or hear this of him were both almost and altogether such as he was THE REDUCTION OF EPISCOPACY Unto the Form of Synodical Government Received in the ANCIENT CHURCH By the most Reverend and learned Father of our Church Dr. JAMES USHER late Arch-Bishop of Armagh and Primate of all Ireland Proposed in the year 1641. as an Expedient for the prevention of those Troubles which afterwards did arise about the matter of Church-Government Published by NICHOLAS BERNARD D. D. Preacher to the Honourable Society of Grayes-Inne London LONDON Printed Anno Domini 1658. TO THE READER THE Originall of this was given me by the most Reverend Primate some few years before his death wrote throughout with his own hand and of late I have found it subscribed by himself and Doctor Holseworth and with a Marginal Note at the first Proposition which I have also added If it may now answer the expectation of many pious and prudent Persons who have desired the publishing of it as a seasonable preparative to some moderation in the midst of those extreams which this Age abounds with it will attain the end intended by the Authour And it is likely to be more operative by the great reputation he had and hath in the hearts of all good men being far from the least suspicion to be byassed by any privivate ends but onely ayming at the reducing of Order Peace and Unity which God is the Authour of and not of confusion For the recovery of which it were to be wished that such as do consent in Substantials for matter of Doctrine would consider of some conjunction in point of Discipline that private interest and circumstantials might not keep them thus far asunder Grayes-Inne Octob. 13. 1657. N. BERNARD The Reduction of Episcopacy unto the form of Synodical Government received in the ancient Church proposed in the year 1641 as an Expedidient for the prevention of those troubles which afterwards did arise about the matter of Church-Government Episcopal and Presbyterial Government conjoyned BY Order of the Church of England all Presbyters are charged to administer the Doctrine and Sacraments and the Discipline of Christ as the Lord hath commanded and as this Realme hath received the same And that they might the better understand what the Lord had commanded therein the exhortation of Saint Paul to the Elders of the Church of Ephesus is appointed to be read unto them at the time of their Ordination Take heed unto your selves and to all the flock among whom the Holy Ghost hath made you Overseers to Rule the Congregation of God which he hath purchased with his blood Of the many Elders who in common thus ruled the Church of Ephesus there was one President whom our Saviour in his Epistle unto this Church in a peculiar manner stileth the Angell of the Church of Ephesus and Ignatius in another Epistle written about twelve yeares after unto the same Church calleth the Bishop thereof Betwixt the Bishop and the Presbytery of that Church what an harmonius consent there was in the ordering of the Church-Government the same Ignatius doth fully there declare by the Presbytery with Saint Paul understanding the Community of the rest of the Presbyters or Elders who then had a hand not onely in the delivery of the Doctrine and Sacraments but also in the Administration of the Discipline of Christ for further proof of which we have that known testimony of Tertullian in his general Apology for Christians In the Church are used exhortations chastisements and divine censure for judgement is given with great advice as among those who are certain they are in the sight of God and in it is the chiefest foreshewing of the judgement which is to come if any man have so offended that he be banished from the Communion of prayer and of the Assembly and of all holy fellowship The Presidents that bear rule therein are certain approved Elders who have obtained this honour not by reward but by good report who were no other as he himself intimates elsewhere but those from whose hands they used to receive the Sacrament of the Eucharist For with the Bishop who was the chiefe President and therefore stiled by the same Tertullian in another place Summus Sacerdos for distinction sake the rest of the dispensers of the Word and Sacraments joyned in the common Government of the Church and therefore where in matters of Ecclesiasticall Judicature Cornetius Bishop of Rome used the received forme of

the Lord Primates Funeral but in truth he wrongs himself and our Church in those detractions from him A Letter of the late Arch-Bishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland to Doctor Bernard of Grayes Inne containing his judgement of the ordination of the Ministry in France and Holland I Received this following Letter from the late Arch-Bishop of Armagh not long before his death which at the desire of some prudent men and of different opinion in the subject of it I have been moved to publish which indced was committed to me by him for that end and I do it the rather now in regard somewhat hath been mistaken in the discourse of it to his prejudice on both sides So that without breach of trust I could no longer detain it The occasion of it was this there was given me by an Honourable person a writing containg a report raised of the said Arch-Bishop concerning his judgement of the ordination beyond the Sea which he prayed me to send unto him which is as followeth Mr. asked the Arch-bishop of Armagh upon occasion of an ordination what he thought of them that were ordained by Presbyters he said he judged their ordination to be null and looked on them as Lay-men He asked him what he conceived of the Churches beyond the Sea The Bishop answered he had charitable thoughts of them in France But as for Holland he questioned if there was a Church amongst them or not or words fully to that purpose This Dr. confidently reports This paper according to the earnest desire of the said person I sent inclosed to the Lord Primate being then out of Town from whom immediately I received this answer containing his judgement of the ordination of the Ministery of the reformed Churches in France and Holland as followeth Touching Mr. I cannot call to mind that he ever proposed unto me the Questions in your Letter inclosed neither do I know the Doctor who hath spread that report But for the matter it self I have ever declared my opinion to be That Episcopus Presbyter gradu tantum differunt non ordine and consequently that in places where Bishops cannot be had the ordination by Presbyters standeth valid yet on the other side holding as I do that a Bishop hath superiority in degree above a Presbyter you may easily judge that the ordination made by such Presbyters as have severed themselves from those Bishops unto whom they had sworne Canonical obedience cannot possibly by me be excused from being Schismatical And howsoever I must needs think that the Churches which have no Bishops are thereby become very much defective in their Government and that the Churches in France who living under a Popish power cannot do what they would are more excusable in this defect than the Low-Countries that live under a free State yet for the testifying my Communion with these Churches which I do love and honour as true Members of the Church Universal I do professe that with like affection I should receive the blessed Sacrament at the hands of the Dutch Ministers if I were in Holland as I should do at the hands of the French Ministers if I were in Charentone Some Animadvertisements upon the aforesaid Letter in prevention of any misinterpretations of it 1. WHereas in the former part of it he saith he hath ever declared his opinion to be c. I can witnesse it from the time I have had the happinesse to be known to him it being not as some possibly might suggest a change of judgement upon the occurrences of latter years 2. For that superiority onely in degree which he saith a Bishop hath above a Presbyter it is not to be understood as an arbitrary matter at the pleasure of men but that he held it to be of Apostolical institution and no more a diminution of the preheminencie and authority of Episcopacy than the denomination of lights given in common by Moses to all of them in the firmament Genes 1. detracts from the Sun Moon whom he calls the greater and were assigned of God to have the rule of the rest though the difference between them be onely graduall yet there is a derivative subordination as the preheminence of the first-born was but graduall they were all brethren but to him was given of God the excellency or supremacy of Dignity and power to him they must bow or be subject and he must have the rule over them And that this gradus is both derived from the pattern prescribed by God in the Old Testament where that distinction is found in the Title of the Chief Priest who had the rule of the rest called by the LXX 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and from the imitation thereof brought in by the Apostles and confirmed by Christ in the time of the New The Primate hath so fully confirmed in that learned Tractate of his of the Originall of Bishops which he hath deduced from the Apostolicall times that I know not what can be added And even for that higher gradus of a Metropolitan or Arch-Bishop to have been also Apostolicall he hath from the superscription of John to the seven Churches each of which Cities being Metropolitical and the rest of the Cities of Asia daughters under them given very strong probabilities hard to be gain-said unto which as an excellent comment upon this Letter I shall refer the Reader 3. That in this judgement of his he was not singular Doctor Davenant that pious and Learned Bishop of Salisbury consents with him in it in his determinations q. 42. produceth the principal pf the Schoolmen Gulielmus Parisiensis Gerson Durand c. Episcopatus non est ordo praecisè distinctus à sacerdotio simplici c. non est alia potestas ordinis in Episcopis quam Presbyteris sed inest modo perfectiori And declares it to be the generall opinion of the Schoolmen Episcopatum ut distinguitur à simplici sacerdotio non non esse alium ordinem sed eminentiorem quandam potestatem dignitatem in eodem ordine sacerdotali c. And as he grants the Bishop to have dignitatem altiorem potestatem majorem c. so doth the Primate in that he saith he hath a superiority in degree above a Presbyter and that the Churches which have no Bishops are thereby become very much defective in their Government Both of them being farre from a parity And whereas the Primate saith That in cases of necessity where Bishops cannot be had the Ordination by Presbyters standeth valid Bishop Davenaut concurres with him also That where Bishops were Heretical or idolatrous and refuse to ordain Orthodox Ministers that in such and the like cases he saith Si Orthodoxi Presbyteri ne pereat Ecclesia alios Presbyteros cogantur ordinare ego non ausim hujusmodi ordinationes pronuntiare irritas innanes c. Necessitas non inscitè lex temporis appellatur in tali casu defendat id ad quod coegit and produceth the opinion of Richardus

heard he was not so severe as to condemn and disown the Ministery of other reformed Churches or refuse Communion with them because in every particular as to some persons usually ordaining they were defective For Episcopacy he was not wanting with Saint Paul to magnifie his own office by two several Tractates he hath published none being more able to defend the ancient right of it for which he was by Letters importuned by some of the most eminent persons of his own profession yet how humbly without any partiality to himself and the eminent degree he had obtained in it did he declare his judgement is evident by the above-said Tractates and the Letter before mentioned And his prudence in the present accommodation of things in that Treatise of his viz. The reduction of it to the form of Synodical Government for the prevention of that disturbance which did afterwards arise about it is as apparent also if others concerned in these transactions had been of that moderation humility and meeknesse the wound given might have been healed before it grew incurable That the Annual Commemorations of the Articles of the faith such as the Nativity Passion Resurrection of our Saviour c. were fit to be observed which Saint Augustine saith in his time were in use through the whole Catholick Church of Christ and is now in some Reformed Churches as a means to keep them in the memory of the vulgar according to the pattern of Gods injunction to the Israelites in the Old Testament for the Types of them appeared sufficiently to be his judgement by his then constant preaching upon those subjects The Friday before Easter i e. the Resurrection East in old Saxon signifying rising appointed for the remembrance of the Passion of our Saviour he did duely at Drogheda in Ireland observe as a solemn fast inclining the rather to that choice out of Prudence and the security from censure by the then custome of having Sermons beyond their ordinary limit in England when after the publick prayers of the Church he first preached upon that subject extending himselfe in prayer and Sermon beyond his ordinary time which we imitated who succeeded in the duties of the day and which being known to be his constant custome some from Dublin as other parts came to partake of it which most excellent Sermons of his upon that occasion he was by many Godly Religious persons importuned much for the publishing of them and his strict observation of this fast was such that neither before or after that extraordinary paines would he take the least refreshment till about six a Clock and which did not excuse him from Preaching again on Easter day when we constantly had a Communion That Tractate of his entitled The Incarnation of the Son of God was the summe of two or three Sermons which I heard him preach at Drogheda at that Festivall when we celebrate the birth of our Saviour That he was for the often publike reading of the ten Commandements and the Creed before the Congregation according to the custome of other reformed Churches I suppose none can doubt of and not onely that which is commonly called the Apostles Creed but the Nicene and Athanasius his book of the three Creeds sufficiently perswade it What his judgement was of the use of the Lords Prayer his practice shewed it in the constant concluding of his prayer before Sermon with it And his approbation of that gesture of kneeling at the Communion was often apparent before many witnesses For confirmation of Children which Calvine Beza Piscator and others do much commend and wish it were restored among them he was not wanting in his observation as an ancient laudable custome by which was occasioned the more frequent having in memory the principles of religion with the yonger sort At his first publike giving notice of the time of that his intention it having been long disused in Ireland he made a large speech unto the people of the antiquity of it the prudence of the first reformers in purging it from Popish superstitions with the end of it and then such youths presented to him who could repeat the publike Catechisme were confirmed and so often afterwards and indeed the apprehension of his piety and holinesse moved the Parents much to desire that their Children might by him receive that Benediction which was seconded with good and spiritual instruction that stuck to them when they came to further yeares The publike Catechisme containing the summe of the Creed the 10. Commandements the Lords Prayer and Doctrine of the Sacraments despised by some for its plainnesse he thought therefore to be the more profitable for the vulgar And at Drogheda in Ireland gave me orders every Lords day in the afternoon beside the Sermon which was not omitted to explain it He was very exemplary in the careful observation of the Lords day in his family The Sermon preached by him in the forenoon being constantly repeated in the Chappel by his Chaplain about five of the Clock in the afternoon unto which many of the Town resorted For Habits he observed such which were accustomed by those of his profession for the Organ and the Quire he continued them as he found them in use before him And as in all things so in his ordinary wearing Garments he was a Pattern of gravity approving much of a distinctive Apparel in the Ministery that way Lastly for the Ecclesiastical Constitutions of Ireland as he was in An. 1634. being then the Primate the chief guide in their establishment so before he was a Bishop An. 614. being then a Member of the Convocation he was employed as a principal person for the Collecting and drawing up such Canons as concerned the Discipline and Government of the Church and were to be treated upon by the arch-Arch-Bishops and Bishops and the rest of the Clergy of Ireland divers taken out of the Statutes Queen Elizabeths Injunctions and the Canons of England 1571. which I have lately found written then with his own hand The two first of which being in these words 1. That no other form of Liturgy or Divine service shall be used in any Church of this Realm but that which is established by Law and comprized in the book of Common-Prayer and Administrations of Sacraments c. 2. That no other form of Ordination shall be used in this Nation but which is contained in the book of ordering of Bishops Priests and Deacons allowed by Authority and hitherto practized in the Churches of England and Ireland make it apparent that his judgement concerning many of the above-mentioned subjects was the same in his yonger as Elder years And yet notwithstanding all this there were alwayes some and still are too many who are apt to blurre him with the title of a Puritane which is is one occasion of this enlargement though in none the sense of it is more uncertain then in his application and from none a greater lustre would be given unto it than by his

unto and defended by the Primate in his works And to say no more the Articles of Religion Agreed upon by the arch-Arch-Bishops and Bishops and the rest of the Clergy of Ireland in the Convocation holden at Dublin Anno 1615. which fully determine and declare all those points accordingly he had then the honour to be appointed by the Synode as a principal person to draw them up Now the last time I saw him which was after that pretended Testimony of the witnesses of his change either in publick or private he did fully confirm and commend them to me to be heeded and observed by me as the summary of his judgement in those and other subjects of which I have said somewhat more elsewheree That of Mr. Piercies drawing in more to bear him company viz. King James B. Andrews Melancthon in their changes also for the better as he is pleased to derermine doth not concern me to take notice of onely if he have found it as their last Will and Testament in their works he shall but Charitably erre to use his own words if he should be mistaken but no such matter appears here as to the Primate In a word I cannot but professe my respect to Mr. Pierce both for his own worth as the great esteem which in this Postsript more then in his former book he hath expressed of this Eminent Primate and can easily believe he would account it a reputation to his opinion that his might patronize it by the great esteem had of him in all parts of the reformed Church both for his learning and piety and I have so much Charity as to believe that this error is more to be imputed to his informers than himself and if I were known to him I would advise him not to insist any farther in it it being by these several circumstances so improbable but according to his own ingenuous offer to make an ample satisfaction and what he hath so highly extolled in the Primate to have been his glory and honour in preferring truth before error in that his supposed imaginary retractation I may without offence return the application to himselfe which with all prudent men will be much more his own commendation and though according to his profession he be innocent as to any voluntary injury thinking he did God and him good service yet it being a wrong in it selfe will deserve some Apology And indeed it wil be hard for any prudent impartial man to believe That what the Primate upon mature deliberation and long study for so many yeares had professed in the Pulpit and at the Presse he should be so soon shaken in minde as without any convincing force of argument from any other that is known at once renounce all he had formerly said and draw a cross line over all he had wrote and that in a Sermon not made of purpose for that end which had been very requisite and which must have been of too narrow a limit in relation to so many Subjects here intimated but onely as on the bye I say when his workes wherein hee is clearly seen and largely declared with a cloud of ear-witnesses for many yeares both in publick and private confirming his constancie in them through the diverse changes of the times to his last shall be produced and laid in one ballance And a few witnesses of some few passages at one Sermon who in a croud might be mistaken and the apter to be so by the interest of their own opinion put into the other will not all unbyassed persons cast the Errata into the latter I shall conclude with a course complement to your selfe That I have not thus appeared for your sake to whom I am a stranger nor out of any opposition to Mr. Pierce who appeares to me to be a person of value but onely out of my duty and high account I must ever have of the memory of that judicious holy and eminent Primate and so commit you to Gods protection and direction and rest Your assured Friend N. BERNARD Grayes-Inne June 10. 1657. A Learned Letter of the late Arch-bishop of Armagh to Dr. Twisse concerning the Sabbath and observation of the Lords day Worthy Sir YOur Letter of the first of February came unto my hands the seventh of April but my journy to Dublin following thereupon and my long stay in the City where the multiplicity of my publick and private employments would scarce afford me a breathing time was such that I was forced to defer my Answer thereunto untill this short time of my retiring into the Countrey Where being now absent also from my Library I can rather signifie unto you how fully I concurre in judgement with those grounds which you have so judiciously laid in that question of the Sabbath than afford any great help unto you in the building which you intend to raise thereupon For when I gave my selfe unto the reading of the Fathers I took no heed unto any thing that concerned this argument as little dreaming that any such controversie would have arisen among us Yet generally I do remember that the word Sabbatum in their writings doth denote our Saturday although by Analogy from the manner of speech used by the Jewes the term be sometimes transferred to denote our Christian festivities also as Sirmondus the Jesuite observeth out of Sidonius Apollinaris lib. 1. Epist. 2. where describeing the moderation of the Table of Theodorick King of the Gothes upon the Eves and the excesse on the Holy day following he writeth of the one that his convivium diebus profestis simile privato est but of the other De luxu autem illo Sabbatario narrationi meae supersedendum est qui nec latentes potest latere personas And because the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the fourth Commandement pointeth at the Sabbath as it was in the first institution the seventh day from the Creation therefore they held that Christians were not tied to the observance thereof Whereupon you may observe that S. Augustine in his speculum in operum tomo 3o. purposely selecting those things which appertained unto us Christians doth wholly pretermit that precept in the recital of the Commandements of the Decalogue Not because the substance of the precept was absolutely abolished but because it was in some parts held to be ceremonial the time afterwards was changed in the state of the New Testament from the seventh to the first day of the week as appeareth by the Authour of the 25 Sermon de Tempore in 10 o tomo Operum Augustini and that place of Athanasius in homil de semente where he most plainly saith touching the Sabbath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whereupon Caesarius Arelatensis in his twelfth homily doubted not to preach unto the people Verè dico Fratres satis durum prope nimis impium est ut Christiani non habeant reverentiam diei Dominico quam Judaei observare videntur in Sabbato c. Charles the Great