Geography Anatomiz'd Or The Compleat Geographical Grammar Being a Short and Exact ANALYSIS Of the whole Body of Modern Geography after a New and Curious Method COMPREHENDING I. A General View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a Compendious System of the true Fundamentals of Geography Digested into various Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes With a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Earthly Ball as it consists of Land and Water II. A Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a clear and pleasant Prospect of all remarkable Countries upon the Face of the whole Earth Shewing their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Cities Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion Collected from the best Authors and Illustrated with divers Maps The Second Edition much Improv'd and Enlarg'd By PAT GORDON M. A. And Fellow of the Royal Society Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. Hor. LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and in Amen-Corner 1699. THE Geographical Grammar IMPRIMATUR Liber cui Titulus Geography Anatomiz'd c. John Hoskyns V. P. R. S. TO The Right Honourable THOMAS Lord Viscount Deerhurst Eldest Son and Heir Apparent of The Right Honourable THOMAS Earl of COVENTRY THIS New Edition of the following Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY is with the profoundest Respect Dedicated by Your Lordship's Most Humbly Devoted Servant PAT GORDON THE PREFACE MY principal Design in publishing the following Treatise is to present the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry with a Compendious Pleasant and Methodical Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY that most useful Science which highly deserves their Regard in a peculiar manner If it be alledg'd That the World is already overstockt with Composures of this Nature I freely grant the Charge but withal I 'll be bold to say That there 's none as yet publisht which is not palpably faulty in one or more of these three respects Either they are too Voluminous and thereby fright the Young Student from so much as ever attempting that Study Or Secondly too Compendious and thereby give him only a bare Superficial Knowledge of Things Or finally Confus'd being writ without any due Order or Method and so confound him before he is aware But all these are carefully avoided in the following Treatise for in framing of it I 've industriously endeavour'd to make it observe a just Mean between the two Extreams of a large Volume and a narrow Compend And as to the Method in which it now appears the same is I presume so Plain and Natural that I may safely refer the tryal thereof to the Impartial Judgment of the Severest Critick To descend to Particulars The whole consists now of Two Parts whereof the first gives a General and the second a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Part I. In giving a General View of the said Globe I 've perform'd these five Things viz. 1. I 've illustrated by way either of a Definition Description or Derivation all those Terms that are any ways necessary for the right understanding of the aforesaid Globle as also the Analytical Tables of the following Treatise 2. I 've set down all those pleasant Problems performable by the Terrestrial Globe together with the manner of their performance 3. I 've subjoin'd divers plain Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems 4. I 've advanc'd some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly I 've taken a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts This is the Substance of the first Part and before I proceed to the Second I must here desire the Reader may be pleas'd to observe these two Things viz. 1. That in defining the various Geographical Terms mention'd Sect. I. I have not strictly ty'd my self to the Logical Rules of a Definition for if the Term propos'd be only explain'd that is all required here 2. In advancing those Geographical Paradoxes mention'd Sect. iv which will probably so startle the Reader at first being a meer Novelty in Tracts of this kind as that he can't readily comprehend either their Meaning or Design let him therefore be pleas'd to know that the main Drift of such an uncommon Essay is in short To whet the Appetite of our Geographical Student for a compleat Understanding of the Globe upon a thorough Knowledge of which these seeming Mysteries do mainly depend or more briefly 't is to set our young Student a thinking Although the Soul of Man is a cogitating Being and its Thoughts so nimble as to surround the Universe it self in a trice yet so unthoughtful and strangely immur'd in Sense is the generality of Persons that they need some startling Noise like a sudden Clap of Thunder to rouse and awake them Now as a strange and unheard-off Phenomenon suddenly appearing in the Natural World doth attract the Eyes of all Men and raiseth a Curiosity in some to enquire into the Reason of it even so is the Proposal of a Paradoxical Truth to the Intellectual for it immediately summons all the Powers of the Soul together and sets the Understanding a-work to search into and Scan the Matter To awaken the Mind of Man to its Natural Act of Thought and Consideration may be justly reckon'd no trivial Business if we consider that 't is to the want thereof or a stupid Inconsideration that we may chiefly impute all the Enormities of Mankind whether in Judgment or Practice If therefore those Paradoxes above-mention'd shall obtain the End propos'd the rousing of the Mind to think it matters the less if some of them upon strict enquiry should be found to consist of Equivocal Terms or perhaps prove little more than a Quibble at the Bottom Proceed we now to Part II. Giving a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe By such a View I understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries and their Inhabitants on the Face of the whole Earth and that in these following Particulars viz. Their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion What is said upon each of those Heads will best appear by the following Table Concerning Situation are briefly declar'd The Degr. of Long. between which any Country lies Latit Extent Its due Dimentions from E. to W. in English Miles S. to N. Division 2 Things viz. The general Parts or Classes to which any Country is reducible How those Parts or Classes are most readily found Subdivision 2 Things viz. The particular Provinces which any Country contains How those Provinces are most readily found Chief Towns 2 Things viz. The Modern Names
readily found by travelling from the Mouth of the Rivers towards their Heads Therefore Remarkable Branches of the Dwina are Wayma Running S. W. Juga W. Volga are Sosowoia S. Occareca N. E. Seine are L'Oyse S. W. Marn Yonne N. W. Loir are Mayenne S. Le Sarte S. W. Le Loir Vienne N. W. Indre le Chere Allier Rhone are Durance S. W. Isere Saene S. Garrone are Dardonne W. Lot Tarne Danube are Pruth S. Misone S. E. Alouta S. Morawa N. Teyssa S. Drave E. Save Inn N. E. Iser Lech N. Iler Scheld are Ruppel running W. augmented by Senne N. Dyle Demer W. Dender N. Lis N. E. Scarpe Haisne W. Elme are Sost W. Haise Rhine are Lippe W Roer Moselle N. E. Lahn S. W. Maine W Neckar Maese are Dommel N. Niers N. W. Roer Ourt Sambre N. E. Semoy W Chiers Wiser are Aller W. augmented by Leine N. Ocker Fuld Elbe are Ilmenow N. W. Havel Saaldre N. Muldaw Oder are Warta W. Bober N. Westritz N. E. Nieper are Dizna S. W. Przypiecz or Pereptus N. E. Vistul is the Bugg N. turn W Niemen is the Vilna W. Ebro are Segre S. W. Cinca S. E. Gallega S. W. Xalo N. E. Guadalquivir Xenil W. Guardamena S. W. Guadiana are none remarkable Tago are Zatas W. Zezer S. Guadarran Xaruma Douro are Tonroes N. W. Tormes Arlanza S. W. Po are Oglio S E. Adda Tesine Tanero running E. turning N. augmented by Bormida  Stura N E. Sesia S. E. Dora Baltea Adige is Bachiglione S. Arno are Elsa N. W. Sieve E. turning S. Tiber are Quartitio W. Nera S. W. Chiane S. E. Volturno its chief Branch is Sabate W. These are all the Remarkable Branches of the Chief Rivers on the Continent of Europe And thus we are come to a Period not only of this Section but also of the First Part of this Treatise having now perform'd those five Things at first propos'd which was to entertain the Reader with some Geographical Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes as also a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water And so much for a General View thereof Now followeth Modern Geography PART II. Comprehending a PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE Terraqueous GLOBE BY a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe we understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries on the Face of the whole Earth according as they are represented by particular Geographical Maps as also a true and compendious Narrative of the chief Observables relating either to them or their Inhabitants All which may be briefly reduc'd to these following Heads viz. their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion In taking such a Prospect of all remarkable Countries we shall begin with Europe and travel through the various Divisions thereof in the same order as they are set down page 43. Therefore CHAP. I. Of EUROPE The Continent of Europe being divided Pag. 43. into VIII great Parts Viz Scandinavia Swedeland Capital City Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Moscovia or Russia Moscow France Paris Germany Vienna Poland Cracow Spain Madrid Italy Rome Turky in Europe Constantinople To these add the European Islands The Chief of which are Great Britain Cap. C. Those of London Edinburgh Ireland That of Dublin Of all these in their proper Places SWEDEN NORWAY SECT I. Concerning Scandinavia  d. m.  Miles Situated between 26 20 of Long. It s greatest Length is about 1030. 53 10 between 54 10 of Lat. Breadth is about 840. 71 06 Divided into the Kingdoms of Swedeland Ch. T. Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Swedeland comprehends Scania Chief Town Lunden from S. to N. Gothland Calmar Swedeland prop. Stockholm Lapland Tornia Finland Abo from N. to S. Ingria Notteborg or Oresca 〈◊〉 Riga Denmark â—â—â—tland Sleswick from W. to E. 〈◊〉 Islands Copenhagen Norway comprehends five Governments Of which hereafter More Particularly §. 1. SWEDELAND Scania contains the Provinces of Halland Ch. Town Helmstat W. to E. Bleking Christianstat Schonen Lunden Southward Gothland contains the Provinces of Vermelandia Chief Town Carolstadt N. to S. in the West part Dallia Daleburge Westrogoth Gottenburge Ostrogothia Norkoping N. to S. in th E. part Swedeland Smalandia Calmar Swedeland properly so call'd contains the Provinces of Sudermania Nikoping from S. to N. Nericia Orebro Westmania Arosen Uplandia those of Opsal and Stockolm Gestricia Geval Dalcarlia Hedemore Helsingia Hadswickwalt Medelpandia Selanger Jemptia Ressundt Angermannia Hernosand Lapland contains the Provinces of Uma Lapmark Uma from S. to N. Pitha-Lapmark Pitha Lula-Lapmark Lula Tornia-Lapmark Tornia Kimi-Lapmark Kimi Finland contains the Provinces of Cajania Cajaneburgh upon the Ula N. Finland Biorneberge W. to E. Tavastia Tavastus Savolaxia Nyslot Kexholmia Kexholm Carelia Wiborg E. to W. Nylandia Borgo S. Finland Abo Ingria contains the Provinces of Ingria propria Orcsca or Notteborg N. to S. W. Ingermania Caporio Solouski Juanagorod Livonia contains the Provinces of Lettenland Riga S. to N. Estland Narva §. 2. DENMARK Being divided into The Peninsula of Juitland The Danish Islands The Peninsula of Juitland comprehends North Juitland Ch. Town Wiborg South Juitland Sleswick D. of Holstein of which in Lower Saxony Juitland divided into North comprehends the Diocesses of Aalborg Chief Town Idem from N. to S. Wiborg Idem Arhusen Aarhus Ripen Idem South comprehends the Praefectures of Hedersleve Idem from N. to S. upon the Baltick Sea Appenrade Idem Flemborge Idem Gottorpe Sleswick Tonderen Idem N. to S. upon the Germany Sea Husum Idem Eyderstede Tonningen The chief of the Danish Islands are Zeland Funen c. Of which hereafter when we come to treat of Islands §. 3. NORWAY Divided into the Governments of Bahus Chief Town Idem S. to N. E. Aggerus Agger Bergenus Bergen Dronthemus Dronthem Wardus Idem This vast Continent of Scandinavia comprehending as aforesaid three distinct Kingdoms viz. those of Swedeland Denmark and Norway Of each of these seperately and in their Order Therefore §. I. SWEDELAND THIS Country formerly Succia a Part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Suezia by the Spaniards Suedia by the French Suede by the Germans Schweden and by the English Sueden or Swethland so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Sueones Suevi or Suethidi with the Addition of Land for Termination The Air of this Country is generally very Cold but if not too nigh some Lake or Marish very pure and wholesome yea so healthful to breath in that many of its Inhabitants do frequently live to an hundred years especially they who abstain from excessive drinking a thing too much practis'd by many of them The Antipodes to this People or the opposite Place of the Globe to Swedeland is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean comprehended between the 220th and 230th Degree of Longitude with 50 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this
improve those choice Opportunities now in our hands for the singular Glory of our Great God and of Jesus Christ our Blessed Redeemer And let our Planters duly consider That to extirpate Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a new Colony and that it 's far more honourable to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans Each Convert is a Conquest FINIS CORRIGENDA PAge 50. line 15. for Lancashire read Westmorland p. 70. l. 1. r. Escutcheon p. 74. l. 2. dele § 2. p. 77. l. 7. r. Dominions p. 111. l. 31. r. Religion p. 112. l. 7. r. Buc. p. 116. l. 36. r. Mount p. 120. l. 21. r. Salizburg p. 127. l. 13. r. Cujavia p. 143. l. 16. r. strip him p. 153. l. 37. r. Agrippina p. 176. l. 11. r. He proceedeth p. 192. l. 34. r. Kinross p. 206. l. 15 22. r. Villages p. 235. l. 32. r. very p. 265. l. 40. r. Tapestry p. 292. l. 7. r. Thirteen p. 330. l. 24. r. Archbishoprick Wheresoever the word its importing the Verb Est is found read it either at length it is or contractedly thus it 's or 't is as p. 3. l. 37. f. it s term'd r. it 's or 't is or it is term'd and so in other places To the BOOK-BINDER Place the Maps in Order following The Map of The World Page 1 Europe 59 Scandinavia or Sweden and Norway 61 Moscovia 73 France 79 Germany 95 Poland 125 Spain 133 Italy 145 Turky in Europe 165 Scotland 187 England 197 Ireland 211 Asia 237 Africa 293 America 333 BOOKS Printed for Thomas Cockerill in Amen Corner THE Works of Mr. Charnock In Two Volumes Folio Re-printing Geography Rectified Or a Description of the World in all its Kingdoms Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bays Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs and Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures compared with those of London Illustrated with Seventy eight Maps The whole Work performed to the more accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By Robert Morden Quarto Sermons preached on Several Occasions The Third Volume By John Conant D. D. Published by John Lord Bishop of Chichester A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Lady Lane late Wife of the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Lane Kt. and Alderman of the City of London who died November 29. 1698. And of John Lane late Father of the said Sir Thomas Lane who died the 8th of December following Published at the Request of the Relations By Nathanael Taylor Quarto Familiaria Colloquia Opera Christopheri Helvici D. c. Professoris Giessensis Olim Ex. Erasmo Roterodamo Ludovici Vive c. Scottano Hasso Selecta Editio Decima quarta ad pristiva Exemplaria Denuo Recognita English Exercises for School-Boys to Translate into Latin Comprizing all the Rules of Grammar and other necessary Observations ascending gradually from the meanest to higher Capacities By J. Garretson School-Master The Seventh Edition Twelves The School of Manners or Rules for Childrens Behaviour By the Author of the English Exercises The Second Edition A Practical Grammar or the easiest and shortest way to initiate Young Children in the Latin Tongue By the help whereof a Child of Seven Years old may learn more of the Grounds of that Language in three Months than is ordinarily learnt in a Years space by those of greater Age in common Grammar-Schools Published for the Use of such as love not to be tedious To which is added Tables of Mr. Walker's Particles By the Assistance whereof young Scholars may be the better enabled to peruse that most Excellent and Useful Treatise By J. Philamoth Master of a Free-School The Second Edition Memoirs of the Countess Dunois Author of the Lady's Travels into Spain Written by her self before her Retirement By way of Answer to Monsieur St. Evremont Containing withal a Modest Vindication of the Female Sex more frequently injured by Imprudence and Misconstruction than defect of Virtue Made English from the Original a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 7. a Prob. 23. a Prob. 24. a Prob. 25. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 31. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. c Prob. 29 31. a Prob 6. b Prob. 37. a Prob. 38. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 38. c Prob. 9. Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Artns. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Languages Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Scil. Commodities 〈◊〉 Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil 〈…〉 Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishoprick Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Riligion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion
Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Bishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Ráritics Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Manners Archbishopricks c. Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Arbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Raritics Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks c. Manners Language Commodities Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishoprick Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion
fertil abounding with Oyl and Wine and most sorts of Grain and Fruits But much of the Inland Provinces lie uncultivated a thing too common in most Countries subject to the Mahometan Yoke The length of the Days and Nights is the same here as in Greece they both lying-under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Country are Raw Silks Goats-Hair Twisted Cotten Cordovants of several Colours Calicuts white and blew Wooll for Matrisses Tapistries Quilted Coverlets Soap Rhubarb Galls Valleneed Scommony Opium c. Not far from Smyrna by the Turks Ismyr is a certain kind of Earth commonly call'd by the Franks Soap-Earth which boileth up out of the Ground and is always gathered before Sun-rising and that in such prodigious Quantity that many Camels are daily imploy'd in carrying Loads of it to divers Soap-Houses at some distance where being mix'd with Oyl and both boil'd together for several Days it becomes at last an excellent sort of Soap 2. Nigh to Smyrna are the Vestigia of a Roman Circus and Theatre and thereabouts is frequently found variety of Roman Medals 3. About two easy days Journey East from Smyrna are some Remains of the Ancient Thyatira as appears from ten or twelve remarkable Inscriptions still to be seen for which Vid. Wheeler 's Travels from Page 230 to 236. and therefore Tyreth a small Village twenty Miles South-East of Ephesus is falsely taken for it by the Ignorant Greeks 4. At Mylasa formerly Melasso in Caria are noble Remains of Antiquity particularly a magnificent Temple of Maible built in Honour of Augustus Caesar and the Goddess of Rome as appears from an Inscription upon the Front which is still intire Here also is a stately Column call'd the Pillar of Menander with a little curious Temple but uncertain for what or by whom erected 5. At Ephesus now call'd Ajâ— Salove by the Turks are yet to be seen some Ancient Christian Churches particularly that of St. John the intirest of 'em all and now converted into a Mahometan Mosque as also the Vestigia of a Roman Amphitheatre Circus and Aqueduct together with a large heap of stately Ruins generally reckon'd those of the once magnificent Temple of Diana the great Goddess of the Ephesians 6 At Laodicea by the Turks Eske-hissar which is utterly forsaken of Men and now the Habitation of wild Beasts are still extant three Theatres of white Marble and a stately Circus all so intire as yet that they would seem to be only of a Modern date 7. At Sardis by the Turks Sart or Sards now a little nasty beggarly Village though once the Royal Seat of rich King Craesus are the Remains of some stately Ancient Architecture with several imperfect Inscriptions 8. At Pergamos which still retains the Name of Pargamo and is observable for being the place where Parchment was first invented are the Ruins of the Palace of the Atalick Kings Here is also the Ancient Christian Church of Sancta Sophia now converted into a Mahometan Mosque As for Philadelphia the last of the famous Seven Churches of Asia now call'd by the Turks Allach Scheyr i. e. The City of God 't is remarkable at present for nothing so much as the considerable number of Christians dwelling in it they amounting to two thousand and upwards The State of Christianity being very deplorable through most Parts of the Ottoman Dominions and not only the chief Ecclesiasticks of the Christian Churches viz. Patriarchs Archbishops and Bishops but also their very Sees being frequently alter'd according as their Tyrannical Master the Turk proposeth advantage by such Alterations and whereas a great many Titular Bishops yea Archbishops and some Patriarchs are often created it is equally vain to expect as impossible to give an exact List of all the Ecclesiastical Dignities in those Parts whether Real or Nominal Let it therefore suffice once for all to subjoin in this place the most remarkable of the Christian Ecclesiasticks through all Parts of the Asiatick and African Turky still referring the Reader to the same as he travelleth through the various Parts of this vast Empire These Ecclesiasticks being Patriarchs Archbishops and Bishops The chief Patriarchs besides him of Constantinople already mention'd in Europe are those of Jerusalem Alexandria and Antioch as also two Armerian one of which resideth at Ecmeasin a Monastry in Georgia and the other at Sis in Aladuha and lastly one Nestorian whose place of Residence is commonly at Mosul in Diarbeck The chief Archbishopricks together with the European are those of Heraclea Adrianople Patras Saloniki Corinth Proconesus Athens Nicosia Amasia Malvasia Janna Scutari Amphipoli Monembasia Tyana Napoli di Romania Methynna Tyre Larissa Phanarion Berytus The chief of the many Bishopricks besides the European are those of Ephesus Trebisonde Amasia Ancyra Drama Nova Caesarea Cyzicus Smyrna Cogni Nicomedia Metylene Rhodes Nice Serra Chio Calcedon Christianepeli S. John D'Acre As for Universities in this Country the Turks are such Enemies to Letters in general that they not only despise all Humane Literature or acquired Knowledge but the very Art of Printing the most effectual means of communicating Knowledge is expresly inhibited by their Law so that the Reader must not expect to find the Seats of the Muses among them It 's true the Jesuits and some other Orders of the Roman Church where establisht in these Countries do usually instruct the Children of Christian Parents in some publick Halls erected for that purpose but these small Nurseries of Learning are so inconsiderable that they deserve not the Name of Colleges much less the Title of Universities The Inhabitants of this large Country being chiefly Turks and Greeks a particular Character of 'em both is already given in Europe when treating of Greece and the Danubian Provinces to which I refer the Reader The prevailing Languages in this Country are the Turkish and Vulgar Greek a Specimen of which is already given when treating of Turky in Europe This large Country being intirely subject to the heavy burden of the Ottoman Yoke is govern'd by four Beglerbegs in Subordination to the Grand Signior the first of 'em resideth at Cotyaeum about thirty Leagues from Byrsa the second at Cogni formerly Iconium the third at Amasia in the Province of the same Name and the last at Marat the principal City of Aladulia See Turky in Europe page 182. The establisht Religion of this Country is that of Mahometanism but Persons of all Professions being tollerated in these Parts as elsewhere through the Turkish Dominions here are great multitudes of Christians particularly Greeks and those of all sorts as Armenians Jacobites Maronites Nestorians Melchites c. and intermixt with these is a considerable number of Jews Christianity was planted betimes in this Part of the World and that by the Preaching and Writings of the Inspir'd Apostles especially St. John the Divine here being the Seven famous Churches to which he wrote viz. those of Ephesus
and which some of our Modern Jews would fain perswade the World were now to be found in this Country being formerly said to be in Judaea 't is justly lookt upon as one of the many Rabbinical Fictions among them Although the Abyssines allow of an Ecclesiastical Hierarchy in the Alexandrian Church whose Patriarch is own'd as their Head yet they don 't now admit of any other Order among 'em superior to that of a Presbyter save only their Abbuna The Inhabitants of this Country being Persons of of a tawny Colour are generally esteem'd an ignorant lazy and perfidious sort of People not to be credited unless they swear by the Life of their Emperor Of several ridiculous Customs among 'em one is That they generally hate a Smith as the Devil Those in and about Chaxumo are reckon'd the best of the whole Empire divers of them being accounted very Ingenious besides many others who betake themselves to a devout and religious sort of living The Abyssine Tongue seems to have some Affinity with the Hebrew and Chaldaic It 's divided into a great many Dialects the chief and most refin'd of which is the Amaric and those so different from one another that some reckon no fewer than eight different Languages within the Limits of this Empire Remarkable is the Abyssine Tongue for one thing truly singular and peculiar to it viz. That whereas the Letter A is reckon'd the first of the Alphabet in all known Languages of the World yet wtih the Abyssines 't is commonly accounted the thirteenth according to Ludolphus his Grammar This spacious Country is subject to one Sovereign stil'd in the Ethiopian Language Naggasi which signifies Lord or Ruler otherways Neguscha Nagascht i â— Rex Regum As for the European Title of Prester or Presbyter John that 's now reckon'd as one of the many Vulgar Errors in the World It 's generally agreed upon That this Ethiopian Monarch fancieth himself to be sprung from Solomon and Maqueda or Nizaule according to Josephus Queen of the South He 's said to assume a great many vain and exorbitant Titles expressing all those Provinces by Name comprehended within the Circuit of his Dominions and stiling himself The Beloved of God sprung from the Stock of Judah The Son of David The Son of Solomon The Son of the Column of Sion The Son of the Seed of Jacob The Son of the Hand of Mary The Son of Nahu after the Flesh The Son of St. Peter and Paul after the Spirit c. His Government is altogether Despotical his Subjects being treated as the worst of Slaves He is so reverenc'd by the greatest of 'em that at his very Name they bow their Bodies and touch the Ground with one of their Fingers The Empire doth not descend to the Eldest Son but to him whom the Father upon his Death-bed shall be pleas'd to name The Abyssine Emperors for Ensigns Armorial bear a Lyon holding a Cross with the following Motto Vicit Leo de Tribu Juda. Within the Limits of this spacious Empire is a great mixture of People as Pagans Jews and Mahometans of various Nations but the main Body of the Natives is Christian They hold the written Word of God to be the only Rule of Faith and that the Canon of Holy Scripture consists of Eighty five Books whereof Forty six they say are in the Old and Thirty nine in the New Testament They 're not well acquainted with the Apostolick Creed but in lieu thereof do use the Nicene or rather Constantinopolitan As to the grand Doctrine of the Incarnation they 're generally Eutychians being formerly led into that detestable Heresy by Dioscorus Patriarch of Alexandria In the Person of their Emperor they lodge the Supreme Authority in all Matters as well Ecclesiastical as Civil and do thereupon wholly deny the Supremacy of the Bishop of Rome allowing him indeed to be the first Patriarch but esteeming it Antichristian in him to pretend to a Jurisdiction over the whole Church of Christ As they disown the Pope's Supremacy so also do they disclaim most Points of the Popish Doctrine particularly those of Transubstantiation Purgatory Service in an Unknown Tongue Auricular Confession Images in Churches Celebacy of the Clergy Extream Unction c. They make use of different Forms in Baptism and keep both Saturday and Sunday as Sabbath They punctually observe Circumcision and abstain from eating of Swine's Flesh not out of any regard to the Mosaick Law but purely as an Ancient Custom of their Country They 're much enclin'd to giving of Alms and visiting the Sick Their Divine Service doth wholly consist in Reading of the Holy Scriptures Administration of the Eucharist and hearing some Homilies of the Fathers They repair to Church by times and never enter with their Shooes on nor sit down unless upon the bare Ground They carfully observe the appointed Hours for Publick Prayer and perform that Duty with great Devotion In a word many of the Abyssines express in several respects a deep Sense of Religion For a particular Account of this People both as to their Religion and other Remarkables Vid. J. Ludolphuâ—'s Ethiopick History The Roman Missionaries did so prevail about Seventy Years ago that the Popish Religion was like to have got sure footing in this Empire for they had once gain'd the Emperor and Court and obtain'd a Proclamation in their Favours enjoyning the whole Body of the People to embrace the Doctrine of the Roman Church But the Abyssines were so loath to part with the Religion of their Forefathers that the Emperor's endeavour to propagate the Roman Faith occasion'd many dreadful Insurrections in his Empire which could not be quell'd without shedding a Sea of Blood Finding therefore his endeavours to be in vain and dreading the consequence of making any new Attempt he wholly gave over the Design and not only return'd to his former Belief himself but also gave leave to all his Subjects to do the same And that he might regain the almost lost Affection of his People he forthwith banish'd out of his Dominions all Roman Missionaries whatsoever together with Alphonso Mendez a Jesuit who having been consecrated Patriarch of Ethiopia at Lisbon and approv'd by the Pope had been honourably receiv'd by the Abyssine Emperor under that Character and resided at Court in a peaceable discharge of his Office for several Years As for the Plantation of Christianity in this Country 't is a constant Tradition among the Inhabitants that the Eunuch baptiz'd by Philip the Deacon was Steward to the Empress of Ethiopia and that upon his return he converted the Court and whole Empire to the Christian Faith But following the Opinion of the most Judicious Writers this Country was destitute of the Blessed Gospel till the Fourth Century when first instructed therein by Frumentius the Son of a Tyrian Merchant who was consecrated Bishop by St. Athanasius and is commonly reckon'd the first Abbuna of this mighty Empire § 2
call'd by the Portugucze at their first Discovery of it Anno 1429. because wholly over grown with Trees the word Madeira signifying a Wood. The Air of Maderas being very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Island is generally esteem'd very healthful to breath in That Place of the Globe opposite to Madera is part of the vast Occidental Ocean between 180 and 182 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Island is very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of excellent Fruits and a kind of Wine that 's much esteem'd off being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land The length of the Days and Nights in this Island is much the same as in Zaara on the main Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are excellent Wine and most sorts of desirable Fruits as also Honey and Wax c. What mostly deserves the Epithet of Rare on this Island is that excellent Quality either of its Air or Soil or both which like our Neighbouring Island Ireland proves mortal to all Venomous Animals none such being found here or able to live if brought thither from abroad In the side of a Hill nigh Fonzal is a remarkable Fountain whose Waters do sometimes issue forth in such abundance that the adjacent Parts of the Island are then subject to a terrible Inundation Archbishopricks None One Bishoprick viz. that of Fonzal or Funchale which is Suffragan to Lisbon The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent but more vitiously enclin'd if that can be well suppos'd being mighty Proficients in their common Crimes of Theft and Murther The Portugueze here residing do still retain their own Language This Island belonging to the Crown of Portugal is rul'd by a particular Deputy whose place of Residence is commonly at Tonza The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze as aforesaid are of the same Religion with that publickly profess'd in the Kingdom of Portugal Having thus considered in particular the most remarkable of the African Islands proceed we now in pursuance of our propos'd Method to take a General View of all the rest or those that are less remarkable Now such Islands to be very brief being strangely scatter'd up and down the Ethiopick and Atlantick Oceans do mightily differ in their Air and Soil according to the various Climates they lie in and in none of 'em is any remarkable place except only the Isle of Zocotora in which is a Town of the same Name As for the chief Observables relating to their Inhabitants particularly their Manners Language and Religion we may sufficiently learn the same only by naming those several States or Sovereigns on the Continent to whom these Islands belong they being generally peopl'd and possess'd by some of them Their present Possessors then in short are as followeth Less remarkable Islands being Zocotora is possess'd by the Arabians Comore the Natives St. Thomas the Portuguexe The Princes Island the Portugueze Annobon the Portugueze St. Helena the English Ascension Island not inhabited And so much for Africa and the African Islands Now followeth CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Divided page 44. into North comprehending Mexico or N. Spain Capital City Mexico N. Mex or Granada S. Fee Florida Coca Terra Canadensis Boston Terra Arctica South comprehending Terra Firma S. Feede Bagota Peru Lima. Land of the Amazons Brasil S. Salvador Chyli S. Jago Paraguay Assumption Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica To these add the American Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Mexico or New Spain  d. m. Situated between 259 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E to N. W. is about 2520 Miles 297 00 between 08 50 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 840 Miles 30 00 Divided into Audience of Guadalajara C. T. Idem N. W. to S. E. Audience of Mexico Idem Audience of Guatimala S. Jago de Guat Guadalajara comprehends the Provinces of Cinalod Chief Town S. Juan In the Midland from N. to S. New Biscay Barbara Zacaticas Zacatecas Guadalajara Idem Chiameltan St. Sebastian On the Sea Coast from N. to S. Xalisco Compostella Mexico comprehends the Provinces of Panuco Idem On Sinus Mexicanus from N. W. to S. E. Mexico Idem Mechoacan Idem Los Angelos Idem Antequera Idem Tabasco Port Royal Jucutan Merida Guatimala comprehends the Provinces of Soco Nusco Guevetland from N. W. to S. E. on the South Sea Guatimald S. Jago de Guat Nicaragua Leon Cost a Rica Carthago Veragua Conception Honduras New Valladolid From S. E. on N. W. upon Sinus Mexic Vera Pax Idem Chiapa Cividad real THIS Country discovered at first by John Grijalve but more exactly view'd and at last conquered by the Valiant Ferdinando Cortez Anno 15 18. is term'd by the Italians Spagna Novella by the Spaniards Nueva Espana by the French Nouvelle Espagne by the Germans Neu Spanien and by the English Mexico or New Spain call'd Mexico from the chief City thereof and New Spain to distinguish it from the Kingdom of Spain in Europe Notwithstanding this Country for the most part lieth within the Torrid Zone yet the Air is very temperate and generally reckon'd extraordinary wholsome to breath in being qualifi'd with refreshing Showers in the hottest Months and cool Breezes from the Sea all the Year The opposite Place of the Globe to New Spain is part of the East-India Ocean lying between 80 and 117 Degrees of Longitude with 8 and 30 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing many sorts of Grain as Wheat Barley Pulse and Maize several kinds of Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemons Citrons Malicatons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Cocoa-Nuts and great plenty of Herbs Plants and Roots Here also are some rich Mines of Gold and Silver and vast and spacious Plains affording the best of Pasturage The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 12½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wooll Cotton Sugar Silk Cochencel Feathers Honey Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a Hollow Tree call'd Tlaco-Chavoya which was of a prodigious bigness when intire being then reckon'd sixteen Fathoms in compass near the Root and somewhat higher twelve Before 't was Thunder struck which occasion'd the hollowness no fewer than a thousand Men 't is said could conveniently shelter themselves from Rain under its wide extended Boughs 2 In several Parts of this Country grows a certain Tree call'd Maguey which may be said to yield Water Oyl Wine Honey and Vinegar For the Body of the Tree being big and hollow