improve those choice Opportunities now in our hands for the singular Glory of our Great God and of Jesus Christ our Blessed Redeemer And let our Planters duly consider That to extirpate Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a new Colony and that it 's far more honourable to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans Each Convert is a Conquest FINIS CORRIGENDA PAge 50. line 15. for Lancashire read Westmorland p. 70. l. 1. r. Escutcheon p. 74. l. 2. dele § 2. p. 77. l. 7. r. Dominions p. 111. l. 31. r. Religion p. 112. l. 7. r. Buc. p. 116. l. 36. r. Mount p. 120. l. 21. r. Salizburg p. 127. l. 13. r. Cujavia p. 143. l. 16. r. strip him p. 153. l. 37. r. Agrippina p. 176. l. 11. r. He proceedeth p. 192. l. 34. r. Kinross p. 206. l. 15 22. r. Villages p. 235. l. 32. r. very p. 265. l. 40. r. Tapestry p. 292. l. 7. r. Thirteen p. 330. l. 24. r. Archbishoprick Wheresoever the word its importing the Verb Est is found read it either at length it is or contractedly thus it 's or 't is as p. 3. l. 37. f. it s term'd r. it 's or 't is or it is term'd and so in other places To the BOOK-BINDER Place the Maps in Order following The Map of The World Page 1 Europe 59 Scandinavia or Sweden and Norway 61 Moscovia 73 France 79 Germany 95 Poland 125 Spain 133 Italy 145 Turky in Europe 165 Scotland 187 England 197 Ireland 211 Asia 237 Africa 293 America 333 BOOKS Printed for Thomas Cockerill in Amen Corner THE Works of Mr. Charnock In Two Volumes Folio Re-printing Geography Rectified Or a Description of the World in all its Kingdoms Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bays Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs and Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures compared with those of London Illustrated with Seventy eight Maps The whole Work performed to the more accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By Robert Morden Quarto Sermons preached on Several Occasions The Third Volume By John Conant D. D. Published by John Lord Bishop of Chichester A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Lady Lane late Wife of the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Lane Kt. and Alderman of the City of London who died November 29. 1698. And of John Lane late Father of the said Sir Thomas Lane who died the 8th of December following Published at the Request of the Relations By Nathanael Taylor Quarto Familiaria Colloquia Opera Christopheri Helvici D. c. Professoris Giessensis Olim Ex. Erasmo Roterodamo Ludovici Vive c. Scottano Hasso Selecta Editio Decima quarta ad pristiva Exemplaria Denuo Recognita English Exercises for School-Boys to Translate into Latin Comprizing all the Rules of Grammar and other necessary Observations ascending gradually from the meanest to higher Capacities By J. Garretson School-Master The Seventh Edition Twelves The School of Manners or Rules for Childrens Behaviour By the Author of the English Exercises The Second Edition A Practical Grammar or the easiest and shortest way to initiate Young Children in the Latin Tongue By the help whereof a Child of Seven Years old may learn more of the Grounds of that Language in three Months than is ordinarily learnt in a Years space by those of greater Age in common Grammar-Schools Published for the Use of such as love not to be tedious To which is added Tables of Mr. Walker's Particles By the Assistance whereof young Scholars may be the better enabled to peruse that most Excellent and Useful Treatise By J. Philamoth Master of a Free-School The Second Edition Memoirs of the Countess Dunois Author of the Lady's Travels into Spain Written by her self before her Retirement By way of Answer to Monsieur St. Evremont Containing withal a Modest Vindication of the Female Sex more frequently injured by Imprudence and Misconstruction than defect of Virtue Made English from the Original a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 7. a Prob. 23. a Prob. 24. a Prob. 25. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 31. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. c Prob. 29 31. a Prob 6. b Prob. 37. a Prob. 38. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 38. c Prob. 9. Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Artns. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Languages Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Scil. Commodities 〈◊〉 Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil 〈…〉 Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishoprick Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Riligion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion
Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Bishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Ráritics Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Manners Archbishopricks c. Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Arbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Raritics Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. 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Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion
Geography Anatomiz'd Or The Compleat Geographical Grammar Being a Short and Exact ANALYSIS Of the whole Body of Modern Geography after a New and Curious Method COMPREHENDING I. A General View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a Compendious System of the true Fundamentals of Geography Digested into various Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes With a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Earthly Ball as it consists of Land and Water II. A Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a clear and pleasant Prospect of all remarkable Countries upon the Face of the whole Earth Shewing their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Cities Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion Collected from the best Authors and Illustrated with divers Maps The Second Edition much Improv'd and Enlarg'd By PAT GORDON M. A. And Fellow of the Royal Society Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. Hor. LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and in Amen-Corner 1699. THE Geographical Grammar IMPRIMATUR Liber cui Titulus Geography Anatomiz'd c. John Hoskyns V. P. R. S. TO The Right Honourable THOMAS Lord Viscount Deerhurst Eldest Son and Heir Apparent of The Right Honourable THOMAS Earl of COVENTRY THIS New Edition of the following Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY is with the profoundest Respect Dedicated by Your Lordship's Most Humbly Devoted Servant PAT GORDON THE PREFACE MY principal Design in publishing the following Treatise is to present the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry with a Compendious Pleasant and Methodical Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY that most useful Science which highly deserves their Regard in a peculiar manner If it be alledg'd That the World is already overstockt with Composures of this Nature I freely grant the Charge but withal I 'll be bold to say That there 's none as yet publisht which is not palpably faulty in one or more of these three respects Either they are too Voluminous and thereby fright the Young Student from so much as ever attempting that Study Or Secondly too Compendious and thereby give him only a bare Superficial Knowledge of Things Or finally Confus'd being writ without any due Order or Method and so confound him before he is aware But all these are carefully avoided in the following Treatise for in framing of it I 've industriously endeavour'd to make it observe a just Mean between the two Extreams of a large Volume and a narrow Compend And as to the Method in which it now appears the same is I presume so Plain and Natural that I may safely refer the tryal thereof to the Impartial Judgment of the Severest Critick To descend to Particulars The whole consists now of Two Parts whereof the first gives a General and the second a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Part I. In giving a General View of the said Globe I 've perform'd these five Things viz. 1. I 've illustrated by way either of a Definition Description or Derivation all those Terms that are any ways necessary for the right understanding of the aforesaid Globle as also the Analytical Tables of the following Treatise 2. I 've set down all those pleasant Problems performable by the Terrestrial Globe together with the manner of their performance 3. I 've subjoin'd divers plain Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems 4. I 've advanc'd some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly I 've taken a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts This is the Substance of the first Part and before I proceed to the Second I must here desire the Reader may be pleas'd to observe these two Things viz. 1. That in defining the various Geographical Terms mention'd Sect. I. I have not strictly ty'd my self to the Logical Rules of a Definition for if the Term propos'd be only explain'd that is all required here 2. In advancing those Geographical Paradoxes mention'd Sect. iv which will probably so startle the Reader at first being a meer Novelty in Tracts of this kind as that he can't readily comprehend either their Meaning or Design let him therefore be pleas'd to know that the main Drift of such an uncommon Essay is in short To whet the Appetite of our Geographical Student for a compleat Understanding of the Globe upon a thorough Knowledge of which these seeming Mysteries do mainly depend or more briefly 't is to set our young Student a thinking Although the Soul of Man is a cogitating Being and its Thoughts so nimble as to surround the Universe it self in a trice yet so unthoughtful and strangely immur'd in Sense is the generality of Persons that they need some startling Noise like a sudden Clap of Thunder to rouse and awake them Now as a strange and unheard-off Phenomenon suddenly appearing in the Natural World doth attract the Eyes of all Men and raiseth a Curiosity in some to enquire into the Reason of it even so is the Proposal of a Paradoxical Truth to the Intellectual for it immediately summons all the Powers of the Soul together and sets the Understanding a-work to search into and Scan the Matter To awaken the Mind of Man to its Natural Act of Thought and Consideration may be justly reckon'd no trivial Business if we consider that 't is to the want thereof or a stupid Inconsideration that we may chiefly impute all the Enormities of Mankind whether in Judgment or Practice If therefore those Paradoxes above-mention'd shall obtain the End propos'd the rousing of the Mind to think it matters the less if some of them upon strict enquiry should be found to consist of Equivocal Terms or perhaps prove little more than a Quibble at the Bottom Proceed we now to Part II. Giving a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe By such a View I understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries and their Inhabitants on the Face of the whole Earth and that in these following Particulars viz. Their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion What is said upon each of those Heads will best appear by the following Table Concerning Situation are briefly declar'd The Degr. of Long. between which any Country lies Latit Extent Its due Dimentions from E. to W. in English Miles S. to N. Division 2 Things viz. The general Parts or Classes to which any Country is reducible How those Parts or Classes are most readily found Subdivision 2 Things viz. The particular Provinces which any Country contains How those Provinces are most readily found Chief Towns 2 Things viz. The Modern Names
readily found by travelling from the Mouth of the Rivers towards their Heads Therefore Remarkable Branches of the Dwina are Wayma Running S. W. Juga W. Volga are Sosowoia S. Occareca N. E. Seine are L'Oyse S. W. Marn Yonne N. W. Loir are Mayenne S. Le Sarte S. W. Le Loir Vienne N. W. Indre le Chere Allier Rhone are Durance S. W. Isere Saene S. Garrone are Dardonne W. Lot Tarne Danube are Pruth S. Misone S. E. Alouta S. Morawa N. Teyssa S. Drave E. Save Inn N. E. Iser Lech N. Iler Scheld are Ruppel running W. augmented by Senne N. Dyle Demer W. Dender N. Lis N. E. Scarpe Haisne W. Elme are Sost W. Haise Rhine are Lippe W Roer Moselle N. E. Lahn S. W. Maine W Neckar Maese are Dommel N. Niers N. W. Roer Ourt Sambre N. E. Semoy W Chiers Wiser are Aller W. augmented by Leine N. Ocker Fuld Elbe are Ilmenow N. W. Havel Saaldre N. Muldaw Oder are Warta W. Bober N. Westritz N. E. Nieper are Dizna S. W. Przypiecz or Pereptus N. E. Vistul is the Bugg N. turn W Niemen is the Vilna W. Ebro are Segre S. W. Cinca S. E. Gallega S. W. Xalo N. E. Guadalquivir Xenil W. Guardamena S. W. Guadiana are none remarkable Tago are Zatas W. Zezer S. Guadarran Xaruma Douro are Tonroes N. W. Tormes Arlanza S. W. Po are Oglio S E. Adda Tesine Tanero running E. turning N. augmented by Bormida  Stura N E. Sesia S. E. Dora Baltea Adige is Bachiglione S. Arno are Elsa N. W. Sieve E. turning S. Tiber are Quartitio W. Nera S. W. Chiane S. E. Volturno its chief Branch is Sabate W. These are all the Remarkable Branches of the Chief Rivers on the Continent of Europe And thus we are come to a Period not only of this Section but also of the First Part of this Treatise having now perform'd those five Things at first propos'd which was to entertain the Reader with some Geographical Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes as also a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water And so much for a General View thereof Now followeth Modern Geography PART II. Comprehending a PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE Terraqueous GLOBE BY a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe we understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries on the Face of the whole Earth according as they are represented by particular Geographical Maps as also a true and compendious Narrative of the chief Observables relating either to them or their Inhabitants All which may be briefly reduc'd to these following Heads viz. their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion In taking such a Prospect of all remarkable Countries we shall begin with Europe and travel through the various Divisions thereof in the same order as they are set down page 43. Therefore CHAP. I. Of EUROPE The Continent of Europe being divided Pag. 43. into VIII great Parts Viz Scandinavia Swedeland Capital City Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Moscovia or Russia Moscow France Paris Germany Vienna Poland Cracow Spain Madrid Italy Rome Turky in Europe Constantinople To these add the European Islands The Chief of which are Great Britain Cap. C. Those of London Edinburgh Ireland That of Dublin Of all these in their proper Places SWEDEN NORWAY SECT I. Concerning Scandinavia  d. m.  Miles Situated between 26 20 of Long. It s greatest Length is about 1030. 53 10 between 54 10 of Lat. Breadth is about 840. 71 06 Divided into the Kingdoms of Swedeland Ch. T. Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Swedeland comprehends Scania Chief Town Lunden from S. to N. Gothland Calmar Swedeland prop. Stockholm Lapland Tornia Finland Abo from N. to S. Ingria Notteborg or Oresca 〈◊〉 Riga Denmark â—â—â—tland Sleswick from W. to E. 〈◊〉 Islands Copenhagen Norway comprehends five Governments Of which hereafter More Particularly §. 1. SWEDELAND Scania contains the Provinces of Halland Ch. Town Helmstat W. to E. Bleking Christianstat Schonen Lunden Southward Gothland contains the Provinces of Vermelandia Chief Town Carolstadt N. to S. in the West part Dallia Daleburge Westrogoth Gottenburge Ostrogothia Norkoping N. to S. in th E. part Swedeland Smalandia Calmar Swedeland properly so call'd contains the Provinces of Sudermania Nikoping from S. to N. Nericia Orebro Westmania Arosen Uplandia those of Opsal and Stockolm Gestricia Geval Dalcarlia Hedemore Helsingia Hadswickwalt Medelpandia Selanger Jemptia Ressundt Angermannia Hernosand Lapland contains the Provinces of Uma Lapmark Uma from S. to N. Pitha-Lapmark Pitha Lula-Lapmark Lula Tornia-Lapmark Tornia Kimi-Lapmark Kimi Finland contains the Provinces of Cajania Cajaneburgh upon the Ula N. Finland Biorneberge W. to E. Tavastia Tavastus Savolaxia Nyslot Kexholmia Kexholm Carelia Wiborg E. to W. Nylandia Borgo S. Finland Abo Ingria contains the Provinces of Ingria propria Orcsca or Notteborg N. to S. W. Ingermania Caporio Solouski Juanagorod Livonia contains the Provinces of Lettenland Riga S. to N. Estland Narva §. 2. DENMARK Being divided into The Peninsula of Juitland The Danish Islands The Peninsula of Juitland comprehends North Juitland Ch. Town Wiborg South Juitland Sleswick D. of Holstein of which in Lower Saxony Juitland divided into North comprehends the Diocesses of Aalborg Chief Town Idem from N. to S. Wiborg Idem Arhusen Aarhus Ripen Idem South comprehends the Praefectures of Hedersleve Idem from N. to S. upon the Baltick Sea Appenrade Idem Flemborge Idem Gottorpe Sleswick Tonderen Idem N. to S. upon the Germany Sea Husum Idem Eyderstede Tonningen The chief of the Danish Islands are Zeland Funen c. Of which hereafter when we come to treat of Islands §. 3. NORWAY Divided into the Governments of Bahus Chief Town Idem S. to N. E. Aggerus Agger Bergenus Bergen Dronthemus Dronthem Wardus Idem This vast Continent of Scandinavia comprehending as aforesaid three distinct Kingdoms viz. those of Swedeland Denmark and Norway Of each of these seperately and in their Order Therefore §. I. SWEDELAND THIS Country formerly Succia a Part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Suezia by the Spaniards Suedia by the French Suede by the Germans Schweden and by the English Sueden or Swethland so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Sueones Suevi or Suethidi with the Addition of Land for Termination The Air of this Country is generally very Cold but if not too nigh some Lake or Marish very pure and wholesome yea so healthful to breath in that many of its Inhabitants do frequently live to an hundred years especially they who abstain from excessive drinking a thing too much practis'd by many of them The Antipodes to this People or the opposite Place of the Globe to Swedeland is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean comprehended between the 220th and 230th Degree of Longitude with 50 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this
call'd by the Portugucze at their first Discovery of it Anno 1429. because wholly over grown with Trees the word Madeira signifying a Wood. The Air of Maderas being very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Island is generally esteem'd very healthful to breath in That Place of the Globe opposite to Madera is part of the vast Occidental Ocean between 180 and 182 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Island is very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of excellent Fruits and a kind of Wine that 's much esteem'd off being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land The length of the Days and Nights in this Island is much the same as in Zaara on the main Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are excellent Wine and most sorts of desirable Fruits as also Honey and Wax c. What mostly deserves the Epithet of Rare on this Island is that excellent Quality either of its Air or Soil or both which like our Neighbouring Island Ireland proves mortal to all Venomous Animals none such being found here or able to live if brought thither from abroad In the side of a Hill nigh Fonzal is a remarkable Fountain whose Waters do sometimes issue forth in such abundance that the adjacent Parts of the Island are then subject to a terrible Inundation Archbishopricks None One Bishoprick viz. that of Fonzal or Funchale which is Suffragan to Lisbon The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent but more vitiously enclin'd if that can be well suppos'd being mighty Proficients in their common Crimes of Theft and Murther The Portugueze here residing do still retain their own Language This Island belonging to the Crown of Portugal is rul'd by a particular Deputy whose place of Residence is commonly at Tonza The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze as aforesaid are of the same Religion with that publickly profess'd in the Kingdom of Portugal Having thus considered in particular the most remarkable of the African Islands proceed we now in pursuance of our propos'd Method to take a General View of all the rest or those that are less remarkable Now such Islands to be very brief being strangely scatter'd up and down the Ethiopick and Atlantick Oceans do mightily differ in their Air and Soil according to the various Climates they lie in and in none of 'em is any remarkable place except only the Isle of Zocotora in which is a Town of the same Name As for the chief Observables relating to their Inhabitants particularly their Manners Language and Religion we may sufficiently learn the same only by naming those several States or Sovereigns on the Continent to whom these Islands belong they being generally peopl'd and possess'd by some of them Their present Possessors then in short are as followeth Less remarkable Islands being Zocotora is possess'd by the Arabians Comore the Natives St. Thomas the Portuguexe The Princes Island the Portugueze Annobon the Portugueze St. Helena the English Ascension Island not inhabited And so much for Africa and the African Islands Now followeth CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Divided page 44. into North comprehending Mexico or N. Spain Capital City Mexico N. Mex or Granada S. Fee Florida Coca Terra Canadensis Boston Terra Arctica South comprehending Terra Firma S. Feede Bagota Peru Lima. Land of the Amazons Brasil S. Salvador Chyli S. Jago Paraguay Assumption Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica To these add the American Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Mexico or New Spain  d. m. Situated between 259 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E to N. W. is about 2520 Miles 297 00 between 08 50 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 840 Miles 30 00 Divided into Audience of Guadalajara C. T. Idem N. W. to S. E. Audience of Mexico Idem Audience of Guatimala S. Jago de Guat Guadalajara comprehends the Provinces of Cinalod Chief Town S. Juan In the Midland from N. to S. New Biscay Barbara Zacaticas Zacatecas Guadalajara Idem Chiameltan St. Sebastian On the Sea Coast from N. to S. Xalisco Compostella Mexico comprehends the Provinces of Panuco Idem On Sinus Mexicanus from N. W. to S. E. Mexico Idem Mechoacan Idem Los Angelos Idem Antequera Idem Tabasco Port Royal Jucutan Merida Guatimala comprehends the Provinces of Soco Nusco Guevetland from N. W. to S. E. on the South Sea Guatimald S. Jago de Guat Nicaragua Leon Cost a Rica Carthago Veragua Conception Honduras New Valladolid From S. E. on N. W. upon Sinus Mexic Vera Pax Idem Chiapa Cividad real THIS Country discovered at first by John Grijalve but more exactly view'd and at last conquered by the Valiant Ferdinando Cortez Anno 15 18. is term'd by the Italians Spagna Novella by the Spaniards Nueva Espana by the French Nouvelle Espagne by the Germans Neu Spanien and by the English Mexico or New Spain call'd Mexico from the chief City thereof and New Spain to distinguish it from the Kingdom of Spain in Europe Notwithstanding this Country for the most part lieth within the Torrid Zone yet the Air is very temperate and generally reckon'd extraordinary wholsome to breath in being qualifi'd with refreshing Showers in the hottest Months and cool Breezes from the Sea all the Year The opposite Place of the Globe to New Spain is part of the East-India Ocean lying between 80 and 117 Degrees of Longitude with 8 and 30 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing many sorts of Grain as Wheat Barley Pulse and Maize several kinds of Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemons Citrons Malicatons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Cocoa-Nuts and great plenty of Herbs Plants and Roots Here also are some rich Mines of Gold and Silver and vast and spacious Plains affording the best of Pasturage The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 12½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wooll Cotton Sugar Silk Cochencel Feathers Honey Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a Hollow Tree call'd Tlaco-Chavoya which was of a prodigious bigness when intire being then reckon'd sixteen Fathoms in compass near the Root and somewhat higher twelve Before 't was Thunder struck which occasion'd the hollowness no fewer than a thousand Men 't is said could conveniently shelter themselves from Rain under its wide extended Boughs 2 In several Parts of this Country grows a certain Tree call'd Maguey which may be said to yield Water Oyl Wine Honey and Vinegar For the Body of the Tree being big and hollow
of those Towns How such Towns are most readily found Name 3 Things viz. How term'd by the Ancients The various Modern Appellations The Etymology of the English Name Air 2 Things viz. It s Nature as to Heat and Cold c. The Antipodes of that part of the Globe Soil 3 Things viz. The proper Climate thereof It s natural Product The Extent of Days and Nights Commodities Those in particular which the Country produceth Rarities 2 Things viz. Those of Nature where certain Those of Art especially Monuments of Antiquity Archbishopricks 2 Things viz. their Number Bishopricks 2 Things Universities 2 Things Names Manners 2 Things viz. The Natural Temper of the People The most noted Customs Language 2 Things viz. It s Composition and Propriety Pater-Noster as a Specimen thereof Government 2 Things viz. It s Nature or Real Constitution The Publick Courts of Judicatory Arms. 2 Things viz. The true Coat quartered The proper Motto Religion 2 Things viz. The chief Tenets thereof When and by whom Christianity was planted if ever The Reader can't here exspect a very large Account of all these several Heads it being impossible in so little room as the narrow Compass of a Compend allows to say the half of what might be said upon many of them however he may here find all those things that are most essential These few Sheets being an Abstract of what is more largely express'd in the greatest Volums Several of those Heads abovemention'd being Subjects that don't much admit of new Relations I reckon my self no Plagiary to grant that I 've taken th' assistance of others esteeming it needless sometimes to alter the Character either of a People or Country when I found it succinctly worded by a credible Pen. Here the Reader may be pleas'd to know That in treating of all Countries I 've made their Situation my only Rule beginning still with those towards the North excepting North America where I thought good to end at the Pole But as touching the Analytical Tables of this Treatise the main Business of the Book their Design and Use in short is To present to the Eye at one view a compleat Prospect of a Country in all its remarkable Divisions Subdivisions and Chief Towns with the manner how all these are most readily found The Letters of N. S. W. E. signifying the four Cardinal and N. W. N. E. S W. S. E. the four Intermediate Points of the Compass being affixt to the outside of the various Braces in the aforesaid Tables do express the Situation of the Parts of any Country there mention'd as page 44. where the Divisions of Africa are said to be found from N. to S. If only Cities and Towns and no Divisions of a Country are set down then these Letters have the same Relation to them shewing their Situation in respect of one another If a little Brace fall within a greater as page 44. where Egypt and Barbary have their peculiar Brace this is to show that those two Countries are taken together and consider'd as one Division when reckon'd with the following Countries in respect of their Situation express'd on the backside of the outmost Brace the same is to be said of Cities and Towns if only such are set down But finally if neither Divisions nor Towns can be so ordered as to have their Situation express'd in a conjunct manner then the respective Distance of such Towns from some remarkable City is particularly declar'd in English Miles as page 144. where those in the Circle of Suabia are so set down If it be objected that not all but only the Chief Towns of every Country are mention'd in these Tables To this I answer That to mention all were needless for I presume that he who knows the true Situation of the fifty two Counties of England and can readily point at the Chief Town in each of 'em may easily find any other in the same County if express'd in the Map Besides the business of a Geographical Tract is not so much to heap up a vast multitude of Names as to shew the Divisions and Subdivisions of every Country with the Principal Town in each of 'em and how all such are most readily found If it be farther objected that neither the Analytical Tables of this Treatise nor the various Descriptions of Countries annext to them are any thing of a new Discovery in the Science of Geography but only the bare Crambe recocta of those who have gone before us To this I answer That the Tables are indeed materially the same with others and otherways it cannot be unless we of this Age were so extremely fortunate as to make a compleat Discovery of all the Countries and Towns as yet unknown or so absurdly ridiculous as to Coin new Names for those we know already yet notwithstanding of this they are highly preferable to all others whatsoever For such Tables hitherto publish'd whether English French or Dutch being only a bare Catalogue of Names confus'dly set down without any due Order and Method are of so little use to the Reader that his Pains are still the same as before to find out those Names in the Map Whereas the Tables of the following Treatise are so contriv'd by particular Directions on the out-side of their respective Braces that he may point at those various Countries and Towns in the Map almost as fast as he can read their Names in the Table And as touching the Descriptions of those Countries and their Inhabitants 't were indeed most unreasonable to exspect a Narrative of them compleately new unless it be in those Countries which have undergone such wonderful Changes that the very face of Things is compleatly New or some remote Parts of the World where latter Intelligence hath rectifi'd former Mistakes Besides 't is not so much my present Design in the following Tract to present the Reader with perfectly new Relations except in such Cases abovemention'd as to Abridge and Methodize those already known And this sufficiently answers the proposed End of the Treatise being calculated as I already binted for those who are mere Strangers to Geography or at least but young Proficients in that excellent Science I mean the generality of them who either attend our Publick Schools or Study under the Care and Conduct of private Tutors And so much for the Second Part. To these Two Parts is annext an Appendix comprehending the European Plantations whether Countries Towns or Factories in Asia Africa and America As also some Proposals I hope very reasonable and I wish acceptable concerning the Propagation of the Blessed Gospel in all Pagan Countries This in short is the Sum and Method of the following Geographical Treatise which as I said is principally design'd for the use and benefit of the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry And did such Persons apply their Minds in their younger Years to this most useful and diverting Science 't is more than probable that they might thereby avoid these many and gross
and Hola Archbishopricks and Universities none The Ice-landers being Persons of a middle Stature but of great Strength are generally reckon'd a very ignorant and superstitious Sort of People They commonly live to a great Age and many value themselves not a little for their Strength of Body Both Sexes are much the same in Habit and their chief Imployment is Fishing The Danes here residing do usually speak as in Denmark As for the Natives they still retain the old Gothick Tongue This Island being subject to the Danish Crown is govern'd by a particular Vice-Roy sent thither by the King of Denmark whose place of Residence is ordinarly in Bestode-Castle For Arms. Vid. Denmark page 69. The Inhabitants of this Island who own Allegiance to the Danish Crown are generally the same in Religion with that profess'd in Denmark as for the uncivilized Natives who commonly abscond in Dens and Caves they still adhere to their Ancient Idolatry as in former times When Christianity was first introduc'd into this Island is not very certain §. 3. The Azores They are in Number 9. viz. St. Michael Found from E. to W. Chief Town of all is Angra in Tercera St. Maria Tercera Gratiosa St. George Pico Fyal Flores Cuervo THESE Islands taken by some for the Cathiterides of Ptolomy are term'd by the Italians Flandrice Isola by the Spaniards Los Azores by the French Les Azores by the Germans Flandersche Insuln and by the English The Azores so call'd by their Discoverers the Portugueze from the abundance of Hawks found in them By others they 're term'd the Terceres from the Island Tercera being chief of all the rest The Air of these Islands inclining much to Heat is tollerably good and very agreeable to the Portugueze The oposite Place of the Globe to the Azores is that Part of Terra Australis Incognita lying between the 165 and 175 Degrees of Longitude with 35 and 41 Degrees of South Latitude These Islands are bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing abundance of Grain Wine and Fruit besides great plenty of Wood. The length of the Days and Nights in the Azores is the same as in the middle Provinces of Spain lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief thing exported from these Islands is Oad for Diers and that in great abundance together with variety of choice Singing Birds Here are several Fountains of hot Water and one in Tercera of a petrifying Nature The Island Tercera is also remarkable for being the place of the first Meridian according to some Modern Geographers Here is one Bishoprick viz. That of Angra under the Archbishop of Lisbone The Inhabitants of these Islands being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Contient The Portugueze here residing do still retain and speak their own Language These Islands being inhabited and possess'd by the Portugueze are subject to the Crown of Portugal and rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither from that Court who ordinarily refides at Angra in Tercera The Inhabitants of these Islands being Portugueze as aforesaid stick close to the Roman Religion and that in its grossest Errors as universally profess'd and by Law establish'd in the Kindom of Portugal §. 4. Mediterranean Islands ON the South of Europe are the Islands of the Mediterranean Sea The chief of which are these following Viz. Majorca Chief Town Idem Lying E. of Valencia Minorca Citadella Yvica Idem Corsica Bastia Lying S. of Genoua Sardignia Cagliari Sicily Palermo Lying S. W. of Naples Malta Idem Candia Idem lying S. of The Archipelago Cyprus Nicosia Anatolia Of all which in Order beginning with Majorca Minorca and Yvica EACH of these Islands hath almost the same Modern Appellation among the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English and were all known of old by the Name of Baleares which is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying to Dart or Throw because their Inhabitants were famous for their Dexterity in throwing the Dart. The Air of these Islands is much more temperate to breath in than any where on the Adjacent Continent being daily fann'd by cool Breezes from the Sea The opposite Place of the Globe to the Baleares is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 200 and 205 Degrees of Longitude with 35 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude The two former of these Islands are somewhat Mountainous and Woody but the last is more plain and extreamly fertil both in Corn Wine and divers sort of Fruits It likeways so aboundeth with Salt that divers Neighbouring Countries are suppli'd from thence From these Islands are exported to several Parts of Europe Salt Wine Brandy Coral with variety of Fruits c. On the Coasts of Majorca is found abundance of excellent Coral for which the Inhabitants frequently fish with good success Yvica is said to nourish no noxious Animal and yet Formentera an Adjacent Island and one of the Baleares is so infested with Serpents that the same is uninhabited In these Islands is one Bishoptick viz. that of Majorca under the Archbishop of Terragon where is also a famous University The Inhabitants of these Islands being Spaniards are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent What was just now said of the Spaniards on these Islands in respect of Manners the same may be affirm'd of 'em in Point of Language These Islands being annext to the Crown of Spain are rul'd by one or more Governors sent thither by his Catholick Majesty and generally renew'd every third Year The Inhabitants of these Islands being Spaniards are all of the Roman Communion and as bigotted Zealots for the Popish Doctrine as elsewhere on the Continent They receiv'd the Light of the Blessed Gospel much about the same time with Spain Corsica and Sardignia THE former of these Islands call'd first by the Greeks Tercepne and afterwards Cyrne from Cyrnus reckon'd by some a Son of Hercules is now term'd Corsica from Corsa Bubulca a certain Woman of Liguria who is said to have led a Colony out of that Country hither And the other according to the Opinion of its Inhabitants is call'd Sardignia from Sardus another Son of Hercules who they say was the first that settled a Colony therein and gave it this Name in Memory of himself The Air of these Islands is universally reckon'd to be very unhealthful especially that of Corsica which is the reason of its being so thinly inhabited The opposite Place of the Globe to them is that part of Nova Zelandia or Adjcent Ocean between 210 and 215 Degrees of Longitude with 37 and 43 Degrees of South Latitude These Islands differ mightily in Soil the former being for the most part very Stony full of Woods and lying uncultivated but the other very fertil affording abundance of Corn Wine and Oyl c. The length of the Days
and Citta or Civitta Vecchia Archbishopricks and Universities none The Inhabitants of this Island not reckoning the Slaves are for the most part very Civil and Courteous to Strangers and follow the Mode of the Sicilians in Habit. They also resemble the Sicilians in some of their worst Qualities being extremely Jealous Treacherous and Cruel A corrupt Arabick doth here mightily prevail being hitherto preserv'd by the frequent Supplies of Turks taken and brought in from time to time But the Knights and People of any Note understand and speak several European Languages particularly the Italian which is authoriz'd by the Government and us'd in publick Writings This Island after many turns of Fortune was presented by the Emperor Charles V. to the Order of the Knights of St. John of Hierusalem whose place of Residence it hath hitherto been since the loss of Rhodes and is now govern'd by the Patron of that Order stil'd the Grand Master of the Hospital of St. John of Hierusalem and Prince of Malta Gaules and Goza The Knights did formerly consist of eight different Languages or Nations whereof the English was the sixth but now they 're only seven For Arms the Grand Master beareth a White Cross commonly call'd the Cross of Jerusalem with four Points The establisht Religion in Malta is that of the Church of Rome which is made essential to the Order no Person of a different Perswasion being capable to enter therein This Island receiv'd the Blessed Gospel in the Apostolick Times CANDIA THIS Island the famous Crete of the Ancients is term'd by the French Candie by the Germans Candien by the Italians Spaniards and English Candia so call'd from its chief Town Candie built by the Saracens who from their new Town gave the Island a new Name The Air of this Island is generally reckon'd to be very Temperate and Healthful to breath in but the South-winds are sometimes so boisterous that they much annoy the Inhabitants The opposite Place of the Globe to Candia is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 231 and 236 Degrees of Longitude with 34 and 37 Degrees of South Latitude This Island is bless'd with a very rich and fertil Soil producing in great abundance both Corn Wine Oyl and most sorts of excellent Fruits The length of the Days and Nights in Candia is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Barbary Of which afterwards The chief Commodities of this Island are Muscadel-Wine Malmsey Sugar Sugar-Candy Honey Wax Gum Olives Dates Rasins c. North of Mount Psilorili the famous M. Ida is a remarkable Grotto dug out of the firm Rock which divers of our Modern Travellers would fain perswade ' emselves to be some Remains of King Minos's Labyrinth so much talk'd off by the Ancients Before the Turkish Conquest of this Island there was one Archbishop who had Nine Suffragans but since they chang'd their Masters the number of such Ecclesiasticks is neither sixt nor certain The Inhabitants of this Island were formerly given to Piracy Debauchery and Lying especially the last and so noted were they for the same that a notorious Lye was commonly term'd Mendacium Cretense For this detestable Vice were they reproach'd by one of their own Poets Epimenides out of whose Writings the Apostle citeth these words K 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tit. 1. 12. Their Experience in Maritime Affairs was indeed very great and they 're represented as a very considerable People among the Ancients for their Skill in Navigation The present Inhabitants being Turks and Greeks their respective Characters are already given page 174 181. Languages here in use are the Vulgar Greek and Turkish especially the former the number of Greeks on the Island being far greater than that of the Turks For a Specimen of which Languages Vid. page 175 and 181. This Island after a bloody and tedious War of Twenty four Years between the Turks and Venetians was at last constrain'd to submit to the Ottoman Yoak Anno 1669. under which it hath ever since groan'd and is now govern'd by a Turkish Sangiack whose place of Residence is usually at Candie the Capital City of the whole Island See the Danuubian Provinces page 182. Christianity according to the Greek Church is here profess'd by Tolleration but Mahometanism is the Religion establisht by Authority This Island receiv'd the Light of the Blessed Gospel in the Apostolick Age. CYPRUS THIS Island known anciently by divers Names besides the present particular those of Acamantis Amathusa Aspelia Cryptos Cerastis Macaria and Aerosa is term'd by the Italians Isola di Cypro by the Spaniards Chypre by the French Cypre and by the Germans and English Cyprus so call'd as most imagine from K 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Cypress wherewith this Island did mightily abound in former times There being several Lakes and some Natural Salt-pits in Cyprus from which abundance of noxious Vapours daily arise these intermixing ' emselves with the Body of the Atmosphere do render the Air very gross and unhealthful to breath in especially during the sultry Heat of Summer The opposite Place of the Globe to this Island is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 235 and 240 Degrees of Longitu with 33 and 35 Degrees of South Latitude Cyprus was formerly bless'd with so rich and fruitful a Soil that from its Fertility and several Mines found therein the Greeks bestow'd upon this Island the desirable Epithet of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Beata But now 't is remarkable for neither of these especially the former being in most Parts extremely Barren though commonly represented otherways The length of the Days and Nights in Cyprus is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Barbary of which afterwards they both lying under the same Parallel of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Silk Cotton Oyl Honey Saffron Rubarb Colliquintida Scammony Turpentine Black and White Allum c. On the Eastern Part of this Island stands the famous Famagousta remarkable at present for its Mordern Fortifications and Eterniz'd in Fame for the unfortunate Valour of the Venetians Anno 1571. under the Command of Signior Bragadino against the furious Assaults of Selymus the Second with his numerous Army conducted by Piuli and Mustapha 2. Not far from the present Famagousta are the Ruins of an Ancient City generally esteem'd to have been that call'd formerly Salamina and afterwards Constantia which was ransack'd by the Jews in the time of the Emperor Trajan and finally destroy'd by the Saracens in the Reign of Heraclius 3. Nigh that Promontory commonly call'd The Cape of Cats but formerly Curias are the Ruins of a Monastry of Greek Caloyers which gave the Cape its Name from a remarkable Custom to which these Monks were oblig'd viz. Their keeping a certain number of Cats for the hunting and destroying of many Serpents that infested those Parts of
sorts of our English Grain and those Parts possess'd by the French produce some plenty of Vines This Island is sufficiently stockt with Deer Hares Otters Foxes c. Here also is abundance of Land and Water-Fowl but above all things its Coasts are surrounded with incredible multitudes of Cod-Fish The length of the days and Nights in New-found-Land is the same as in the Southmost parts of England and Northern of France they all lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The Commodities of this Island are principally Furs Whale-Oyl and Cod-Fish especially the latter whereof there is such plenty that the Fishing and bringing of them to Europe particularly the Streights is now grown to a settl'd and very advantageous Trade Nothing here deserves the Epithet of Rare unless we reckon that prodigious large Bank of Sand upon the South-East of the Island about 300 miles in length and upwards of 75 in breadth where broadest remarkable for those vast multitudes of Bacalaos or Cod-Fish and Peer John which are taken in great numbers by divers European Nations who yearly resort hither for that end So thick do those Fishes sometimes swarm upon this Bank that they retard the passage of Ships sailing over the same Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Island are for the Plurality of 'em Persons of a middle Stature broad-face'd and those of the Masculine Sex are usually beardless They generally colour their Faces with Oker and for Cloathing use Skins of Wild Beasts They live by ten or twelve Families together in poor Cabbins made of Poles in form of our Arbours and cover'd with Skins They ordinarily imploy themselves in Hunting as most of the other Americans usually do The English and French here residing are much the same with those in Europe All that can be said of the Language here commonly us'd among the Natives is that 't is a certain Dialect of the Indian Tongue which prevails among all the Indian Inhabitants with little variation of Accent in the various Parts of the Island The Europeans here residing do still retain the maternal Language of the respective Countries from whence they came In the Year 1623. Sir George Calvert Principal Secretary of State having obtain'd a Patent for a Part of Newfoundland erected the same into a Province call'd Avalon and therein settl'd a Plantation which after him was enjoy'd by his Son Caecilius Lord Baltimore This Island was set upon and master'd by the French in the late tedious War but speedily retaken by the English who are now in full Possession of what they formerly enjoy'd The Natives of this Island upon its first discovery were found to acknowledge a Supreme Being whom they own'd as the Creator of all things but err'd extremely in their Apprehensions about the manner of the Creation alledging that Men and Women were at first made of a certain number of Arrows stuck fast in the Ground They generally believe the Immortality of the Soul and that the Dead go into a far Country there to make merry as they think with their Friends §. 3. Cuba THIS Island discovered by the Spaniards Anno 1494. is term'd by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English Cuba Which Name is the same it had when first discover'd being so call'd by the Natives and neighbouring Islanders what may be the Etymology of that Indian Appellation we know not The Air of this Island considering its small Latitude is very temperate being mightily qualifi'd by Vapours that daily ascend from the Earth The opposite Place of the Globe to Cuba is that part of the East-Iudian Ocean lying between 110 and 120 Degrees of Longitude with 20 and 23 Degrees of South Latitude This Island lying in the same Climate with the Northern Part of New Spain is not so fertil in Grain as Wood being generally cover'd over with Trees some of which do drop the purest Rozin Here is great plenty of Fish and Flesh and in some Parts are divers kinds of excellent Fruits The length of the Days and Nights in Cuba is much the same as in the North of New Spain they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Gold Ginger Cassia Mastick Aloes Cinamon Sugar c. The most remarkable thing in this Island is a noted Bituminous Fountain out of which there flows a sort of Pitchy Substance commonly us'd for calking of Ships Here also is a Valley full of Flint-Stones of different sizes and those by nature so round that they may serve as Bullets for most sorts of Cannons Vid. Heylin's Cosmog page 1079. In this Island is one Bishoprick viz. that of St. Jago Suffragan to the Archbishop of St. Domingo in Hispaniola The Inhabitants of this Island being for the most part Spaniards are the same in Manners with those on the Continent The Spaniards here residing do still retain and commonly use the Spanish Tongue This Island was formerly govern'd by certain Caciques or Captains but is now wholly subject to the King of Spain who still keeps a particular Governor in it whose ordinary Residence is in that Great and Populous City Havana The Spaniards here residing are of the same Religion with that establish'd and universally profess'd in Spain §. 4. Jamaica THIS Island first discovered by Columbus in his Second Voyage to America and brought into Possession of the English by Penn and Venables in the time of Oliver Cremwell is term'd Jamaica by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English It was at first call'd St. Jago by Columbus which Name was afterwards chang'd into that of Jamaica after King James then Duke of York when it had been subjected for some time to the Crown of England The Air of this Island is more temperate than in most of the neighbouring Islands the Heat thereof being much allay'd by fresh Easterly Breezes that blow in the Day-time and the frequent Showers that fall in the Night Hurricanes and Earthquakes so frequent in the Caribbees are seldom heard of here whereupon we may justly impute that terrible Earthquake Anno 1693. rather to a Moral than a Natural Cause viz. the many and horrid Abominations abounding among the Inhabitants whith without doubt did loudly call for Judgements from Heaven The opposite Place of the Globe to Jamaica is part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 110 and 120 Degrees of Longitude with 17 and 20 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Island is extraordinary rich and fertil producing great quantity of Corn Herbs and Fruits abounding also in Sugar Cotton Tobacco various kinds of Spices with divers sorts of Physical Drugs and Gums as Sumach Guiacum Aloes Benjamin Sarsaparilla c. The large and pleasant Fields appear constantly Green and Springing they being well stockt with variety of Trees and Plants which are never disrob'd of their Summer-Liveries Here likeways are
's imploy'd for some time in swallowing down several hundred Weight of small Peeble-Stones By which additional Weight of his Body he can keep a faster hold of his Prey and be the sooner able to draw it into and dive with it under Water Vid. Late History of the Buchaneers in America Part 1. Cap. 4. Here is one Archbishoprick viz. that of St. Domingo Suffragan to whom are St. Jago in Cuba St. John de Port-rico and Coro in Terra Firma Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island being mostly Spaniards with some French are the same in Manners with those on the Continent The Inhabitants of this Island being Spaniards and some French as aforesaid do still retain and use their respective maternal Tongues This Island being wholly subject to the Crown of Spain except the Western Parts now possess'd by the French is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed by his Catholick Majesty whose Power doth extend it self over all the Antillos belonging to Spain The Inhabitants of this Island whether Spaniards or French are of the same Religion with those on the Old Continent § 6. Porto-Rico THIS Island was term'd S. Johannis Insula by Columbus at his first Discovery thereof and Boriquen by the Natives but now Porto-Rico from its chief City and Haven of that Name The Soil is tollerably good in many Parts and Air abundantly temperate except those Months immediately before and after the Summer and Winter Solstice From hence are exported Sugar-Canes Ginger Cassia and good store of Hides Here grow divers remarkable Trees and some poysonous Shrubs upon the Sea-side The whole Island belonging to the Crown of Spain is rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither by his Catholick Majesty and the Inhabitants thereof being Spaniards are the same in Manners Language and Religion as elsewhere either upon the Old or New Continent §. 7. The Caribee Islands THE Caribees are reckon'd that goodly Company of Islands beginning at the 〈◊〉 of Porto-Rico and reaching Southward almost to Terra Firma They derive their Appellation from the Nature of their Inhabitants who when first discovered were generally Canibals the name Caribees being of the same importance Taken all together they come nearest in Form to the Segment of a great Circle and are in number about thirty The chief of which proceeding from North to South with their present Possessors are as followeth VIZ. Anguilla At present possessed by The English but little esteem'd St. Martin The French and Dutch Sancta Crux The French Barbada The English but of small Account St. Christophers The English and French Nievis or Mevis The English Antego The English Montserrat The English but mostly inhabited by Irish Guadalupa The French Marigalant The French Dominica The English and Natives Martinico The French Barbado's The English St. Lucia The French St. Vincent The English and Dutch especially the latter Grenada The French Tobago The English Of all the Caribee Islands belonging to the English the most remarkable upon several accounts is Barbado's Of it therefore in particular BARBADO's THIS Island is term'd by the Spaniards Barbadas by the French Barbade or Barboude by the Italians Germans and English Barbado's But why so call'd we can give no account the Name being an Indian Appellation It was discovered in the Reign of King James 1. by Sir William Curten driven upon its Coast by stress of Weather Meeting with no Inhabitants at his arrival and finding the Nature of its Soil to be inviting The English upon his return sent some Planters thither who for want of Trade were reduc'd to great extremity till about the Year 1627 when they began to Plant it to purpose The Air of this Island is very hot and moist especially for eight Months yet in some measure qualifi'd by cold Breezes of Wind which rising with the Sun blow commonly from North-East by East unless there happen a Turnado and grow fresher as the Sun mounteth up The opposite Place of the Globe to Barbado's is part of the East-Indian Ocean between 130 and 140 Degrees of Longitude with 12 and 18 Degrees of South Latitude This Island not above eight Leagues in length and five in breadth where broadest is bless'd with a Soil â—â—â—derfully fertil Generall taken 't is not above one 〈…〉 thick yet that small depth of Earth resembles in a 〈…〉 continued hot Bed being almost every where grounded with white spongy Lime-Stones which retain and reflect the solar Heat piercing through the over-spreading Mould Whereupon the Island beareth Crops all the Year round and its Trees Plants and Fields appear always green Both in this and the Island Jamaica were formerly Mountain Cabbage-Trees of a prodigious height The length of the Days and Nights in Barbado's is the same as in those Parts of New Spain lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Sugars Indico Cotton-Wooll Ginger Logwood Fustick Lignum Vitae c. and those in such abundance that some hundred Sail of Ships do yearly receive their Loadings here In the Island of Barbado's are Ants of a very big size who build their Nests with Clay and Lome against the Body of a Tree or Wall of an House and that to the bigness of ordinary Bee-Hives and those divided into a great many Cells 2 Here are some Snakes of a considerable length and bigness that frequently slide up and down the Wall of an House and out of one Room into another with wonderful Agility of Body 3. The Water of that Rivulet commonly call'd Tuigh River hath upon its Surface in many places a certain Oily Substance which being carefully taken off and kept a little time is sit to burn in Lamps like ordinary Oil. 4. Here are divers large and hideous Caves some of which are big enough to contain five hundred Men and several remarkable Trees particularly the Calibash Palmete Roucou and that which goes by the Vulgar Name of the Poyson-Tree 5. Among some rare Insects to be seen upon this Island we may reckon those small Flies term'd Cayouyou most observable and that chiefly for their Wings which give a mighty Lustre in the Night-time while they fly Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island excluding the Negroes being mostly English are much the same in Behaviour and Manner of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants in respect of Manners the same may be assirm'd of them in Point of Language As for the Negroes the generality of them if any considerable time upon the Island do also understand and speak English This Island belonging to the Crown of England is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by His Majesty the King of Great Britain He with his Council do discuss all Matters of 〈…〉 and the better to quell any Insurrection 〈…〉 be made especially by the Slaves he still keeps a 〈…〉 considing of two
Regiments of Horse and 〈◊〉 of Foot always in â—â—â—diness upon a call The Laws by which this Island are govern'd except some By-Acts which immediately concern the Plantation are the same with those of England The Island bâ—ing divided into four Circuits in each of them is establish'd an Inferior Court of Judicatory for hearing all manner of Civil Causes From which Courts Appeals may be made to the Supreme Court and for due Administration of Justice in Criminal Matters here are yearly held five Sessions When there appears a real Necessity of making new Laws which must never contradict those of England or abrogating old ones the Governor calls an Assembly for that end This Assembly resembles in some manner our English Parliament for the Governor being reckon'd Supreme those of his Council are as so many Peers and two Burgesses chosen out of each Parish represent the Body of the People The English here residing make Profession of the same Religion with that generally own'd and by Law establish'd in England As for the Negroe-Slaves their Lot hath hitherto been and still is to serve such Christian Masters who sufficiently declare what Zeal they have for their Conversion by unkindly using a Serious Divine some time ago when only proposing to endeavour the same §. 8. The Lucayes THE Lucayes so call'd from Lucayone the biggest of 'em all are those several Islands lying North of Cuba and Hispaniola They belong mostly to the Spaniards and the chief of them Are those of Bahama Extended from the E. of Tegesta in Florida to the N. of Hispaniola Lucayone aliter New Providence Cignateo Eleutheria Guanahani St. Salvador Yuma Samana Maiaguana Of these Islands Bahama may be reckon'd the most remarkable and that chiefly for the famous rapid Channel between that Island and the Main through which the Spanish Fleets usually pass in their return from Mexico to Europe A Passage equally fatal to the Spaniard as fortunate to the English Fatal to the former for some dreadful Shipwracks sustain'd therein and fortunate to the latter for vast quantities of Plate recover'd by skilful Divers This Island is also observable for several uncommon Insects found upon it particularly the Bahama-Spider already mention'd Pags 341. § 9. The Sotovento THE Sotovento Islands are those lying along the Northern Coast of Terra Firma They belong mostly to the Spaniards and receiv'd the Title Sotovento quasi sub vento from them because they appear to the Leeward of their Fleet coming down before the Wind to enter the Gulf of Mexico The chief of such Islands Are those of Trinidada Found from E. to W. Margarita Tortuga Orchilla Rocca Bonayrc Curacao Oruba Trinidada term'd by the Natives Samsonate is observable for being a noted place of Bartery between the Inhabitants of New Spain and those of Peru. And Margarita is much frequented upon the account of Pearl Fishery from whence it derives its Name The rest are not of any great moment § 10 Bermudas THIS little Cluster of Islands lying about five hundred Leagues East of Florida is term'd by the Italians Bermuda by the French Bermudes by the Spaniards Germans and English Bermudas So call'd from one John Bermudas a Spaniard who made the first Discovery of them They are otherways term'd the Summer Islands from S r. George Summers an Englishman who suffer'd Shipwrack near to them Anno 1609. The Air of these Islands is reckon'd extraordinary healthful to breath in the Sky being almost always Serene and Smiling But when overcast at any time then they 're sure of a terrible Tempest attended with frightful Claps of Thunder and Flashes of Lightning So healthful are these Islands to breath in that their Inhabitants now in number about four or five thousand are seldom visited with Sickness and generally arrive to a good old Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Bermudas is that part of the vast East-Indian Ocean lying between 134 and 138 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 35 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these Islands is extraordinary fertil yielding the Labourer two Crops every Year which they commonly reap in the Months of July and December Of so rich a Mould is the Arable Ground in this Island that it affords neither Sand Flints Peebles nor Stones so hard as are fit to grind Knives They are well furnisht with variety of Fruits Roots Fish and Fowl together with great store of Hogs and excellent sweet-scented Cedar The length of the Days and Nights in Bermudas is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Florida they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Oranges Cochineel Tobacco Cedar-Wood some Pearls and Amber-Gris in considerable quantity c. Observable are these Islands for nourishing no venemous Creature none such being found upon them nor able to live if brought thither Here indeed are many Spiders but those no ways poisonous and very remarkable for their Webs having the resemblance of Raw-Silk and woven so strong that little Birds are sometimes entangled in them 2. If Wells are dug in Bermudas above the Surface of the surrounding Ocean the Water is sweet and fresh but lower then salt or breckish and all of them have some sensible Flux and Reflux with the Sea 3. Upon the Coast of these Islands is sometimes taken that remarkable Fish term'd the File-Fish being so call'd from a part of his Back-Bone which hath the exact resemblance of a File Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of these Islands being English are much the same in Manners and Way of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants of Bermudas in respect of Manners the same may be affirm'd of them in Point of Language These Islands being wholly subject and of right belonging to the Crown of England are rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by the King of England The Religion here establisht and publickly profess'd is the Protestant according to the Reformation of the Church of England §. 11. Terra del Fuogo THIS is a large Triangular Island or as some think several lying on the South part of America and separated from the main Continent by the Streights of Magellan It 's call'd by the Name of Terra del Fuogo because it seems the first Discoverers thereof did observe some considerable Vulcano's upon it Out Knowledge of this Island and its Inhabitants is at best but very uncertain almost every new Adventurer in these Parts of the World giving us a new Relation of Things Whosoever therefore desires a certain or satisfactory Account must defer his Enquiry to the better Discovery of After-times And so much for America and its Islands AN APPENDIX Comprehending A brief Account of the European Plantations in Asia Africk and America As also some Reasonable Proposals for the Propagation of the Blessed Gospel in all Pagan Countries IN running over the