which_o they_o say_v happen_v frequent_o in_o the_o great_a and_o sandy_a desert_n but_o these_o be_v very_o few_o and_o i_o suppose_v as_o easy_o blow_v asunder_o as_o bring_v together_o however_o these_o deserve_v here_o no_o particular_a consideration_n this_o rise_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o large_a continent_n be_v doubtless_o very_o great_a though_o none_o either_o have_v or_o will_v ever_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n and_o charge_n to_o measure_v it_o yet_o some_o estimation_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o length_n and_o swiftness_n of_o rivers_n it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o a_o ship_n be_v not_o able_a to_o sail_v against_o that_o stream_n who_o declivity_n be_v one_o pace_n in_o a_o hundred_o yet_o some_o declivity_n there_o must_v be_v and_o as_o they_o say_v seldom_o be_v it_o less_o than_o one_o in_o five_o hundred_o suppose_v then_o the_o nile_n which_o run_v in_o the_o great_a continent_n africa_n which_o we_o know_v in_o the_o world_n it_o disembogue_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o 31_o deg_fw-la of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n zaire_n which_o be_v in_o 10_o deg_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v 14_o of_o southerly_a latitude_n in_o all_o 41_o deg_fw-la which_o come_v to_o about_o 2460_o mile_n english_a if_o run_v straight_o but_o because_o of_o its_o bend_n it_o may_v be_v well_o estimate_v 3000_o mile_n which_o allow_v two_o foot_n to_o a_o mile_n come_v to_o six_o thousand_o foot_n if_o it_o move_v with_o as_o slow_a a_o motion_n as_o can_v be_v but_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v a_o swift_a river_n the_o mud_n not_o settle_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v in_o it_o divers_a great_a cataract_n the_o lake_n of_o zaire_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o mouth_n of_o nilus_n but_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n be_v more_o certain_o and_o easy_o know_v and_o divers_a of_o they_o have_v be_v measure_v as_o one_o of_o the_o high_a hill_n betwixt_o yorkshire_n and_o lancashire_n pendle-hill_n if_o i_o be_v not_o misinform_v be_v not_o find_v to_o exceed_v half_o a_o mile_n in_o perpendicular_a height_n olympus_n somewhat_o above_o a_o mile_n and_o some_o other_o as_o el_n pico_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o teneriffe_n yet_o high_o but_o the_o certainty_n we_o know_v not_o the_o manner_n of_o measure_v and_o calculate_v be_v thus_o which_o be_v much_o easy_a in_o such_o a_o mountain_n as_o teneriff_n or_o pendle-hill_n be_v one_o peak_v or_o top_n stand_v in_o a_o plain_a then_o in_o those_o juga_n or_o ledge_n of_o mountain_n which_o run_v through_o and_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o great_a continent_n of_o the_o world_n whereof_o the_o high_a may_v be_v still_o high_o than_o the_o other_o let_v b_o c_o d_o represent_v a_o mountain_n who_o height_n a_fw-fr c_o be_v thus_o find_v take_v two_o station_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o it_o the_o first_o at_o b_o not_o far_o from_o the_o foot_n the_o other_o at_o e_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o it_o from_o each_o of_o these_o station_n take_v the_o angle_n at_o the_o top_n b_o c_o a_o e_o c_o a_o then_o out_o of_o 90_o subduct_n b_o c_o a_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o angle_n c_o b_o ah_o which_o also_o be_v subduct_v from_o 90_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o angle_n c_o b_o e._n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n c_o b_o e_o we_o have_v one_o side_n e_o b_o viz._n the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o station_n which_o must_v be_v exact_o measure_v and_o all_o the_o angle_n for_o c_o e_o b_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o 180_o then_o say_v as_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n e_o c_o b_o be_v to_o the_o side_n e_o b_o so_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n c_o e_o b_o to_o b_o c._n having_n then_o in_o the_o rectangular_a triangle_n b_o c_o a_o one_o side_n b_o c_o and_o all_o the_o angle_n for_o a_o b_o c_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o b_o c_o a_o to_o 90_o say_v then_o as_o the_o radius_fw-la be_v to_o the_o sine_z of_o b_o c_o a_o so_o be_v b_o c_o to_o c_o a_fw-fr the_o height_n by_o the_o quadrat_fw-la divide_v 10000_o by_o the_o number_n of_o part_n cut_v at_o each_o station_n then_o say_v as_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o quotient_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o statition_n so_o be_v 100_o to_o the_o height_n this_o great_a globe_n be_v not_o only_o divide_v into_o land_n and_o water_n earth_n division_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o many_o other_o way_n in_o respect_n to_o they_o as_o some_o be_v continent_n which_o be_v great_a part_n of_o land_n without_o any_o sea_n island_n be_v small_a part_n encompass_v by_o water_n peninsula_n or_o chersonesus_n be_v a_o part_n of_o land_n which_o will_v be_v call_v a_o island_n be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o isthmus_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n which_o join_v it_o to_o the_o continent_n a_o mountain_n or_o rock_n jut_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v a_o promontory_n cape_n or_o headland_n again_o the_o ancient_n divide_v all_o they_o know_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o three_o part_n europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n of_o each_o of_o these_o in_o their_o several_a place_n but_o another_o hemisphere_n have_v be_v late_o discover_v there_o be_v common_o add_v to_o these_o america_n as_o the_o four_o part_n other_o also_o name_v two_o more_o the_o land_n under_o the_o north_n and_o south_n pole_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o former_a division_n yet_o because_o we_o know_v not_o whether_o there_o be_v land_n or_o only_a sea_n as_o under_o the_o north_n pole_n seem_v to_o be_v it_o be_v not_o expedient_a to_o account_v they_o distinct_a part_n till_o better_v discover_v our_o mariner_n that_o go_v with_o design_n to_o pass_v under_o or_o near_o the_o north_n pole_n in_o their_o search_n of_o a_o passage_n to_o china_n and_o arrive_v as_o far_o as_o 82_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n find_v nothing_o but_o some_o few_o island_n the_o rest_n as_o they_o can_v see_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n nothing_o but_o ice_n some_o do_v imagine_v that_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n receive_v their_o division_n from_o the_o three_o son_n of_o noah_n and_o i_o be_o indeed_o obtain_v africa_n but_o japhet_n dwell_v in_o the_o tent_n or_o habitation_n of_o shem_n though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n his_o posterity_n seem_v to_o have_v people_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n we_o despair_v of_o know_v they_o have_v be_v forget_v even_o in_o herodotus_n time_n there_o be_v no_o hope_n now_o of_o retrieve_v they_o see_v the_o discourse_n concern_v the_o map_n of_o europe_n last_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n beforementioned_a description_n the_o particular_a observation_n in_o the_o description_n be_v very_o opportune_a for_o the_o separate_n and_o distinguish_v country_n nation_n and_o government_n the_o knowledge_n and_o consideration_n whereof_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o useful_a design_n of_o this_o whole_a work_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n for_o it_o little_o conduce_v to_o know_v place_n unless_o we_o be_v also_o inform_v of_o what_o be_v contain_v what_o action_n perform_v and_o what_o concern_v ourselves_o may_v have_v in_o they_o in_o those_o therefore_o we_o shall_v consider_v the_o name_n situation_n bound_n of_o each_o country_n as_o also_o what_o city_n havens_n town_n fort_n likewise_o what_o mountain_n valley_n cave_n fountain_n and_o other_o such_o remarkable_a and_o to_o we_o and_o our_o country_n unusual_a thing_n as_o nature_n itself_o have_v form_v to_o which_o shall_v be_v add_v the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o its_o production_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discover_v what_o in_o every_o place_n abound_v and_o what_o therein_o may_v be_v communicate_v to_o other_o country_n or_o what_o may_v probable_o be_v carry_v to_o they_o in_o order_n to_o trade_n in_o every_o nation_n also_o account_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o their_o original_a language_n manner_n religion_n employment_n etc._n etc._n that_o if_o any_o art_n or_o science_n useful_a to_o society_n be_v there_o eminent_a it_o may_v be_v transfer_v into_o our_o own_o country_n much_o more_o considerable_a be_v their_o government_n civil_a and_o military_a their_o magistrate_n law_n assembly_n court_n reward_n and_o punishment_n and_o such_o like_a neither_o must_v we_o omit_v the_o manner_n of_o educate_v their_o youth_n in_o art_n liberal_a and_o mechanic_n teach_v in_o their_o school_n university_n monastery_n shop_n also_o and_o the_o like_a their_o manner_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o poor_a of_o all_o sort_n either_o in_o hospital_n or_o workhouses_n last_o it_o will_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o history_n or_o action_n and_o success_n of_o each_o
that_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v their_o clothes_n but_o wrought_v in_o their_o shirt_n the_o south_n part_n of_o hudsons_n bay_n he_o call_v mare_n novum_n that_o part_n towards_o groneland_n mare_fw-la christianum_fw-la he_o arrive_v in_o 63_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n where_o he_o winter_v and_o call_v it_o muncks_n winter-harbour_n and_o the_o country_n new_a denmark_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o diggs_n island_n in_o that_o long_a winter_n he_o there_o endure_v little_a of_o note_n happen_v but_o that_o in_o april_n it_o rain_v and_o then_o come_v thither_o vast_a quantity_n of_o fowl_n of_o divers_a sort_n to_o breed_v in_o those_o quiet_a undisturbed_a place_n of_o all_o his_o company_n which_o be_v forty-six_a in_o one_o ship_n and_o sixteen_o in_o the_o pinnace_n scarce_o so_o many_o be_v leave_v alive_a as_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v the_o pinnace_n through_o very_o horrid_a danger_n to_o their_o own_o country_n in_o 1636_o the_o gronelandish_a society_n at_o copenhagen_n send_v two_o ship_n which_o arrive_v at_o fretum_n davis_n near_o to_o which_o the_o pilot_n find_v a_o black_a sand_n which_o he_o conceive_v to_o contain_v considerable_a quantity_n of_o gold_n wherewith_o he_o freight_v his_o ship_n neglect_v further_a discovery_n return_v to_o denmark_n and_o his_o sand_n after_o examination_n be_v find_v to_o contain_v no_o gold_n at_o all_o he_o be_v so_o severe_o blame_v by_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o society_n and_o so_o ashamed_a to_o be_v mistake_v that_o he_o die_v with_o grief_n and_o since_o that_o nothing_o more_o know_v of_o any_o adventure_n that_o way_n from_o denmark_n if_o any_o one_o desire_n to_o know_v what_o become_v of_o the_o eight_o gronelander_n denmark_n gronelanders_n 〈◊〉_d denmark_n bring_v at_o several_a time_n into_o denmark_n the_o account_n be_v this_o the_o king_n command_v great_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o they_o appoint_v certain_a person_n to_o attend_v they_o to_o give_v they_o liberty_n enough_o so_o as_o they_o prevent_v their_o escape_n no_o necessary_a or_o convenience_n be_v want_v their_o food_n such_o as_o they_o can_v eat_v milk_n butter_n cheese_n flesh_n and_o fish_n but_o raw_a they_o can_v eat_v no_o bread_n nor_o boil_a meat_n but_o nothing_o so_o much_o abhor_v by_o they_o as_o wine_n or_o brandy_n their_o pleasant_a bevurage_fw-fr be_v train-oyl_n but_o whatever_o be_v do_v to_o or_o for_o they_o can_v never_o take_v away_o that_o melancholy_a and_o chagrin_n which_o they_o continual_o live_v in_o for_o the_o want_n of_o their_o belove_a country_n they_o can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o learn_v much_o of_o the_o danish_a language_n or_o to_o apprehend_v any_o thing_n of_o christian_a religion_n three_o of_o they_o be_v send_v back_o towards_o their_o own_o country_n 1606_o the_o most_o towardly_a and_o hopeful_a who_o may_v serve_v for_o interpreter_n and_o broker_n to_o the_o dane_n but_o two_o of_o they_o oxo_n and_o omeg_n die_v in_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o three_o because_o the_o dane_n dare_v not_o land_n or_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o native_n that_o appear_v in_o arm_n on_o the_o coast_n ready_a to_o revenge_v they_o that_o have_v be_v before_o carry_v away_o be_v bring_v back_o into_o denmark_n to_o his_o former_a treatment_n a_o ambassador_n arrive_v there_o from_o spain_n the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o show_v he_o those_o savage_n and_o their_o dexterity_n in_o row_v which_o be_v by_o all_o the_o spectator_n admire_v the_o ambassador_n send_v they_o money_n one_o of_o they_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o buy_v he_o clothes_n after_o the_o danish_a fashion_n get_v a_o feather_n in_o his_o cap_n boots_z and_o spur_n and_o all_o thing_n ala_fw-la cavalier_n he_o come_v also_o to_o the_o king_n and_o desire_v to_o serve_v he_o but_o this_o fervour_n be_v quick_o decay_v and_o the_o poor_a man_n return_v to_o his_o sadness_n and_o complaint_n some_o of_o they_o endeavour_v to_o get_v to_o sea_n in_o their_o little_a boat_n but_o be_v retrieve_v dye_v of_o melancholy_a two_o live_v divers_a year_n at_o koldingen_n in_o jutland_n where_o they_o be_v employ_v in_o dive_v for_o pearl-muscle_n in_o which_o their_o skill_n and_o dexterity_n be_v such_o that_o every_o one_o that_o see_v they_o believe_v they_o have_v practise_v the_o same_o employment_n in_o their_o own_o country_n such_o success_n they_o have_v that_o the_o governor_n promise_v himself_o great_a profit_n thereby_o and_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o shall_v sell_v pearl_n by_o the_o quart_n if_o they_o continue_v but_o his_o covetousness_n destroy_v his_o gain_n for_o not_o content_a with_o what_o they_o fish_v in_o summer_n he_o also_o compel_v they_o under_o the_o ice_n in_o winter_n time_n where_o one_o of_o they_o fall_v into_o such_o a_o disease_n from_o the_o cold_a so_o contract_v that_o he_o die_v after_o who_o death_n the_o other_o never_o enjoy_v himself_o but_o find_v a_o opportunity_n he_o get_v his_o little_a boat_n and_o before_o he_o be_v overtake_v get_v to_o the_o main_a sea_n but_o be_v bring_v back_o they_o represent_v to_o he_o the_o impossibility_n of_o his_o ever_o get_v home_o to_o groneland_n but_o he_o slight_v their_o advice_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o intend_v to_o go_v northward_o so_o far_o and_o when_o he_o be_v there_o the_o star_n will_v direct_v he_o into_o his_o own_o country_n the_o country_n be_v most_o all_o high-land_n and_o mountain_n cover_v with_o snow_n all_o the_o year_n etc._n the_o soil_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o southern_a part_n more_o than_o the_o northern_a they_o have_v very_o little_a or_o no_o wood_n grow_v there_o except_o some_o few_o bush_n and_o not_o many_o plant_n or_o herb_n consequent_o not_o many_o beast_n there_o nourish_v but_o their_o chief_a subsistence_n be_v upon_o fish_v there_o be_v divers_a mountain_n which_o promise_v rich_a mine_n of_o metal_n and_o some_o have_v be_v find_v to_o contain_v it_o actual_o other_o only_o to_o make_v a_o show_n the_o inhabitant_n know_v neither_o sow_v nor_o plant_v though_o the_o soil_n seem_v to_o be_v fertile_a and_o pleasant_a especial_o between_o the_o mountain_n the_o northern_a part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o terrible_a ice_n and_o cold_a be_v whole_o undiscovered_a the_o southern_a consist_v of_o many_o island_n different_a in_o shape_n and_o bigness_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o in_o these_o sea_n be_v many_o and_o various_a strong_a current_n and_o as_o ivor_n boty_n say_v very_o many_o dangerous_a whirlpool_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o north_n none_o of_o which_o however_o have_v be_v find_v by_o our_o mariner_n the_o country_n seem_v much_o subject_n to_o earthquake_n else_o very_o healthful_a only_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o who_o go_v thither_o infect_v with_o any_o venereal_a disease_n grow_v worse_a immediate_o and_o can_v not_o there_o be_v cure_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o air_n perhaps_o they_o may_v have_v do_v it_o more_o rational_o to_o the_o cold_a ivor_n boty_n speak_v much_o also_o of_o their_o great_a number_n of_o cow_n and_o sheep_n beast_n beast_n but_o our_o man_n find_v no_o beast_n there_o but_o bear_n fox_n very_o many_o of_o which_o be_v black_a rain-deer_n and_o dog_n whereof_o be_v two_o sort_n a_o big_a which_o they_o use_v to_o draw_v their_o sled_n and_o a_o lesser_a which_o they_o feed_v for_o their_o table_n our_o man_n observe_v this_o peculiarity_n both_o in_o their_o fox_n and_o dog_n that_o their_o pizzle_n be_v of_o bone_n though_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o sort_n which_o be_v in_o lapland_n and_o samoieda_n but_o our_o man_n have_v not_o search_v any_o more_o than_o the_o shore_n both_o because_o of_o their_o short_a stay_n and_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o fish_n there_o be_v great_a both_o plenty_n and_o variety_n whale_n fish_n fish_n seal_n dogfish_n but_o in_o these_o be_v catch_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o sea-vnicorns_a who_o horn_n be_v so_o much_o esteem_v and_o keep_v as_o rarity_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o prince_n the_o native_n here_o be_v so_o well_o store_v with_o it_o that_o they_o have_v sufficient_a both_o for_o truck_v and_o their_o own_o use_n they_o make_v of_o they_o beside_o other_o utensil_n sword_n and_o head_n for_o their_o dart_n and_o arrow_n which_o they_o work_v and_o grind_v with_o stone_n till_o they_o make_v they_o as_o sharp-piercing_a as_o we_o this_o horn_n grow_v in_o the_o snout_n of_o the_o fish_n and_o be_v his_o weapon_n wherewith_o he_o fear_v not_o to_o fight_v the_o whale_n and_o to_o assault_v and_o sometime_o endanger_v a_o ship_n the_o fish_n itself_o be_v as_o large_a as_o a_o ox_n very_o strong_a swift_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v catch_v except_o leave_v on_o the_o shore_n by_o the_o tide_n or_o entangle_v
the_o most_o northern_a country_n at_o the_o polar_a circle_n contain_v about_o 44_o deg_fw-la on_o the_o meridian_n which_o make_v about_o 2640_o english_a mile_n europe_n contain_v in_o it_o several_a kingdom_n division_n division_n the_o great_a of_o which_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o muscovy_n or_o russia_n on_o the_o north-east_n comprehend_v several_a nation_n more_o to_o the_o north-east_n scarce_o know_v to_o we_o and_o on_o the_o east_n cazan_n and_o other_o country_n by_o the_o river_n volga_n and_o part_n of_o lapland_n on_o the_o northwest_n next_o to_o muscovy_n on_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n contain_v great_a part_n of_o finland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o all_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o norway_n on_o the_o west_n again_o to_o the_o east_n of_o europe_n by_o the_o caspian_a sea_n lie_v the_o country_n of_o the_o circassi_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n and_o some_o other_o lesser_a province_n thence_o south-west_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o through_o the_o midst_n of_o europe_n from_o the_o baltic_a to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n comprehend_v on_o the_o north_n prussia_n litvania_n lifland_n on_o the_o east_n volinia_n podolia_n and_o southward_a moldavia_n walachia_n northwest_o of_o poland_n lie_v germany_n under_o several_a prince_n the_o emperor_n be_v the_o chief_a north_n of_o germany_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n to_o the_o west_n flanders_n or_o the_o low_a country_n under_o divers_a government_n and_o northwest_n of_o they_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n comprehend_v several_a island_n south-west_n of_o germany_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n more_o south_n the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n full_a south_n italy_n under_o several_a prince_n southeast_n of_o germany_n lie_v the_o great_a part_n of_o european_a turkey_n as_o hungary_n transylvania_n and_o more_o south_n croatia_n dalmatia_n and_o all_o greece_n there_o be_v in_o europe_n etc._n empire_n etc._n etc._n three_o empire_n that_o of_o muscovy_n the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o turk_n ten_o kingdom_n sweden_n denmark_n poland_n hungary_n bohemia_n england_n france_n spain_n portugal_n and_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n nine_o commonwealth_n and_o about_o forty_o principality_n of_o which_o when_o we_o come_v to_o particular_a country_n language_n original_n language_n the_o principal_a language_n speak_v in_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n may_v be_v reckon_v these_o three_o the_o ancient_a gothic_n the_o anglo-saxonic_a and_o the_o francic_n which_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o akin_a or_o to_o have_v great_a affinity_n one_o with_o another_o and_o the_o late_a to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o two_o former_a from_o the_o gothic_n which_o differ_v little_a from_o the_o old_a greek_a be_v derive_v the_o ancient_a cimbric_n and_o the_o modern_a language_n now_o speak_v in_o sweden_n denmark_n norway_n iseland_n the_o anglo-saxonic_a may_v seem_v to_o have_v give_v birth_n to_o the_o belgic_a or_o low_a dutch_a especial_o the_o ancient_a frisic_n and_o in_o great_a part_n to_o the_o english_a and_o scotch_a the_o francic_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o other_o two_o and_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o alamannic_n or_o theotisc_n whence_o the_o upper_a german_a language_n take_v its_o original_n the_o ancient_a british_a which_o seem_v also_o to_o be_v the_o celtish_a or_o gaulish_a the_o dialect_v whereof_o be_v still_o speak_v in_o some_o part_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o in_o britannia_n in_o france_n the_o cantabric_n also_o or_o the_o language_n of_o the_o biscainer_n in_o the_o northern_a mountain_n in_o spain_n be_v not_o much_o different_a and_o likewise_o the_o irish_a if_o not_o itself_o a_o dialect_n of_o the_o old_a cimbric_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v must_v be_v account_v a_o original_a language_n the_o turkish_a language_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o european_a turkey_n and_o also_o arabic_n be_v well_o understand_v by_o their_o learned_a man_n as_o be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o alkoran_n and_o be_v speak_v in_o some_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o granada_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n that_o live_v between_o tanais_n and_o the_o neiper_n speak_v the_o tartarian_a language_n as_o also_o the_o cossacs_n with_o some_o small_a difference_n the_o fin_n and_o laplander_n seem_v to_o have_v divers_a language_n both_o from_o one_o another_o and_o from_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o paisan-liflanders_a likewise_o have_v a_o different_a language_n to_o themselves_o the_o sclavonic_a language_n whether_o original_o one_o or_o many_o be_v still_o continue_a in_o divers_a region_n of_o europe_n as_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n divers_a country_n subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o part_n of_o hungary_n but_o the_o hungarian_a tongue_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v by_o the_o learned_a account_v a_o original_a language_n bohemia_n and_o sclavonia_n but_o with_o great_a difference_n than_o dialect_v of_o the_o same_o language_n use_v to_o be_v the_o ancient_a greek_a seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o old_a hetruscan_n oscan_n menapian_a and_o such_o other_o as_o be_v speak_v ancient_o in_o italy_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o few_o remainder_n still_o extant_a of_o they_o and_o therefore_o also_o of_o the_o latin_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o learned_a as_o the_o latin_a be_v of_o the_o present_a italian_a french_a spanish_a grison_n and_o some_o other_o language_n the_o greek_n itself_o though_o with_o great_a alteration_n be_v still_o continue_a in_o the_o continent_n and_o island_n of_o greece_n and_o some_o place_n near_o thereunto_o the_o glory_n of_o europe_n be_v its_o religion_n religion_n religion_n which_o in_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v but_o one_o though_o diverse_o profess_v greece_n with_o its_o island_n in_o the_o egean_a sea_n and_o other_o as_o far_o as_o corfu_n as_o also_o some_o part_n of_o croatia_n dalmatia_n together_o with_o muscovia_n walachia_n moldavia_n podolia_n volinia_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n with_o other_o neighbour_a country_n follow_v the_o greek_a church_n the_o latin_a church_n contain_v 1_o those_o of_o the_o reform_a religion_n and_o 2_o those_o of_o the_o roman_a 1._o the_o reform_a religion_n be_v embrace_v in_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n and_o the_o lesser_a island_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o with_o some_o diversity_n in_o sweden_n denmark_n holland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n transylvania_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o roman_a religion_n prevail_v in_o italy_n spain_n portugal_n france_n poland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o other_o country_n mahumetanism_n be_v profess_v in_o european_a turkey_n by_o the_o great_a turk_n and_o his_o musselman_n the_o great_a ledg_n of_o mountain_n that_o have_v its_o beginning_n at_o the_o great_a western_a ocean_n mountain_n mountain_n first_o divide_v france_n and_o spain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pirenean_n hill_n and_o be_v thence_o continue_v through_o the_o south_n part_n of_o france_n till_o it_o cover_v italy_n and_o be_v there_o call_v the_o alps_o a_o branch_n of_o which_o run_v through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o italy_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n another_o branch_n be_v continue_v under_o divers_a name_n as_o the_o rhetian-hill_n through_o the_o country_n now_o call_v of_o the_o grison_n alps_n graiae_n noricae_n juliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o have_v now_o divers_a name_n according_a to_o the_o several_a country_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v from_o italy_n they_o continue_v through_o stiria_n carinthia_n hungary_n transylvania_n moldavia_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o branch_n out_o into_o divers_a other_o country_n of_o all_o which_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o exact_o in_o the_o particular_a description_n the_o mountain_n of_o the_o north_n be_v not_o much_o discover_v one_o ledg_n of_o they_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o baltic_a to_o the_o northern_a ocean_n divide_v norway_n from_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n those_o in_o the_o utmost_a north_n ancient_o call_v riphaei_n and_o hyperborei_n have_v at_o this_o day_n lose_v those_o name_n consequent_o they_o be_v unknown_a except_o they_o be_v those_o which_o be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v welikicamenopoias_n i_o e._n cingulum_n mundi_fw-la or_o the_o great_a rocky_a girdle_n of_o which_o as_o also_o of_o other_o mountain_n not_o here_o mention_v in_o their_o proper_a and_o particular_a place_n the_o sea_n that_o coast_n europe_n sea_n sea_n be_v the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o euxin_n or_o black_a sea_n which_o also_o contain_v in_o they_o several_a lesser_a sea_n bay_n streights_n etc._n etc._n and_o have_v different_a name_n from_o the_o different_a shore_n they_o wash_v as_o mare_fw-la
britannicum_fw-la or_o british_a sea_n mare_n germanicum_n or_o german_a sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o we_o as_o belong_v to_o those_o country_n whence_o they_o derive_v their_o name_n we_o defer_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o rives_n that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o one_o country_n rivers_n rivers_n till_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o country_n the_o most_o note_v which_o run_v through_o divers_a country_n be_v these_o first_o the_o danubius_n or_o danow_n which_o arise_v in_o the_o alps_o run_v through_o germany_n hungary_n by_o transylvania_n and_o walachia_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n next_o the_o rhine_n which_o arise_v also_o in_o the_o alps_o not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o danow_n run_v along_o by_o germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n into_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o next_o be_v boristhenes_n or_o nieper_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o muscovy_n and_o run_v through_o litvania_n volinia_n etc._n etc._n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o last_o don_n or_o tanais_n arise_v likewise_o in_o muscovy_n and_o run_v through_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n and_o other_o adjoin_a country_n fall_v into_o palus_n meotis_n we_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o volga_n till_o we_o come_v to_o asia_n to_o which_o it_o more_o proper_o belong_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n can_v be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o one_o general_a character_n disposition_n disposition_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o religion_n the_o government_n the_o customary_a employment_n and_o the_o divers_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n in_o which_o they_o live_v the_o art_n peculiar_a to_o arts._n arts._n and_o most_o practise_v in_o europe_n and_o there_o invent_v may_v be_v reckon_v print_v paint_v statuary_n divers_a particular_n in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n and_o navigation_n and_o most_o especial_o in_o the_o learned_a and_o scholastic_a science_n in_o which_o the_o european_n have_v advance_v to_o a_o much_o great_a perfection_n than_o either_o the_o asiatic_o or_o the_o african_n novissima_fw-la russiae_n tabula_fw-la authore_fw-la isaaco_n massa._n doctrina_fw-la et_fw-la humanitate_fw-la praedito_fw-la d._n isaaco_n bernart_n rerum_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la moscoviam_fw-la maxim_n trahuntur_fw-la mercatorâ—…_n peritissimo_fw-la hanc_fw-la moscoviae_n tabula_fw-la dedicat_fw-la affinis_fw-la finis_fw-la hen._n honâ—ius_n wirst_n 〈…〉_o 〈◊〉_d germanica_n quorum_fw-la 〈…〉_o russiae_n vulgo_fw-la moscovia_n dictae_fw-la part_n septentrionalis_n et_fw-fr orientalis_n auctore_fw-la isaaco_n massa_n muscovy_n or_o russia_n mesech_n or_o mosoc_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o the_o son_n of_o japhet_n be_v general_o suppose_v to_o have_v people_v this_o country_n the_o chief_a reason_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o similitude_n of_o the_o name_n we_o find_v also_o in_o strabo_n frequent_a mention_n of_o the_o moschi_n though_o it_o be_v uncertain_a from_o he_o where_o their_o country_n be_v mela_n place_v they_o near_o the_o caspian_a sea_n pliny_n near_o iberia_n which_o be_v now_o call_v georgia_n lucan_n and_o since_o he_o sidonius_n near_o the_o sarmatae_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o sarmatia_n be_v a_o name_n better_o know_v than_o russia_n so_o that_o the_o moschi_n seem_v to_o be_v some_o of_o those_o many_o nation_n at_o this_o time_n under_o and_o that_o towards_o the_o south_n of_o the_o muscovitish_a empire_n but_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o country_n acknowledge_v no_o other_o name_n they_o have_v ancient_o then_o russes_z though_o some_o modern_a latin-writer_n call_v they_o roxalano_n quasi_fw-la russo-alanos_a but_o more_o ruthenos_n and_o their_o nation_n rossia_fw-la which_o signify_v dispersion_n or_o scatter_n because_o they_o though_o very_o great_a and_o populous_a yet_o live_v disperse_v without_o certain_a government_n in_o continual_a quarrel_n and_o dissension_n one_o with_o another_o till_o genareta_n daniel_n or_o ivan_n his_o son_n surname_v caleta_n or_o scrip_n because_o he_o always_o carry_v such_o a_o one_o at_o his_o girdle_n with_o money_n to_o relieve_v such_o as_o be_v in_o necessity_n gather_v and_o bind_v they_o together_o in_o one_o government_n and_o body_n and_o for_o their_o better_a union_n build_v among_o and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o the_o city_n moscow_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o that_o name_n make_v it_o thenceforward_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o empire_n from_o whence_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v muscovite_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o have_v advance_v themselves_o into_o a_o very_a great_a and_o famous_a nation_n it_o be_v true_a 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o the_o name_n of_o russes_z was_z ancient_o further_a extend_v than_o now_o it_o ordinary_o be_v for_o the_o russes_z be_v say_v to_o inhabit_v from_o the_o weasel_n to_o volga_n and_o from_o the_o black_a sea_n to_o the_o northern_a ocean_n and_o even_o yet_o the_o polonian_n call_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n red_a russia_n part_n also_o of_o the_o dominion_n belong_v to_o lithvania_n black_a russia_n and_o that_o under_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n white_a russia_n as_o they_o say_v because_o that_o people_n ordinary_o woar_v white_a garment_n but_o more_o universal_o white_a cap_n upon_o their_o head_n of_o these_o alone_a in_o this_o place_n we_o be_v to_o treat_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n lie_v between_o 46_o and_o 66_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o astracan_a to_o fretum_n waygatz_n though_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n lie_v some_o more_o south_n and_o some_o more_o north_n which_o allow_v 60_o mile_n to_o a_o degree_n come_v to_o 1260_o english_a mile_n and_o in_o longitude_n from_o boristhenes_n about_o 55_o deg_fw-la to_o the_o volga_n 80_o deg_fw-la after_o the_o same_o rate_n about_o 1500_o of_o the_o same_o mile_n according_a to_o our_o best_a and_o new_a map_n the_o border_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v the_o freeze_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lapland_n on_o the_o south_n be_v the_o crimand_n precop-tartar_n on_o the_o east_n we_o may_v account_v the_o volga_n and_o the_o ob_fw-la to_o be_v his_o border_n and_o on_o the_o west_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n sueden_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lapland_n though_o these_o be_v not_o exact_o set_v down_o yet_o they_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o general_a direction_n more_o preciseness_n must_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o several_a part_n but_o from_o this_o general_a notion_n every_o one_o perceive_v that_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n as_o between_o the_o length_n of_o day_n some_o be_v not_o sixteen_o hour_n other_o six_o month_n long_o so_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a betwixt_o the_o several_a part_n of_o this_o country_n and_o consequent_o as_o great_a variety_n of_o season_n soil_n fruit_n and_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n likewise_o also_o of_o habit_n custom_n diet_n and_o even_o of_o the_o very_a disposition_n and_o manner_n as_o well_o as_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n upon_o which_o heat_n and_o cold_a have_v no_o small_a influence_n so_o that_o we_o shall_v omit_v these_o general_a description_n and_o reserve_v what_o we_o find_v concern_v the_o particular_n to_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o of_o the_o government_n and_o empire_n in_o general_n it_o will_v be_v best_a treat_v of_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o seat_n or_o metropolitical_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n mean_o while_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a province_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n begin_v at_o the_o north-east_n part_n but_o we_o must_v bespeak_v the_o reader_n first_o not_o to_o expect_v any_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o each_o province_n for_o beside_o that_o no_o author_n have_v so_o narrow_o look_v into_o those_o thing_n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o emperor_n observe_v not_o always_o the_o same_o commission_n but_o enlarge_n or_o diminish_v his_o government_n as_o himself_o please_v but_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n neither_o have_v we_o a_o exact_a enumeration_n of_o the_o province_n some_o reckon_a more_o some_o few_o those_o who_o number_v they_o according_a to_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n can_v find_v their_o count_n for_o those_o place_n mention_v in_o his_o title_n be_v some_o of_o they_o small_a place_n and_o inconsiderable_a some_o again_o contain_v more_o province_n than_o one_o and_o some_o such_o government_n as_o be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n under_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n but_o as_o they_o subdue_v any_o dominion_n they_o unite_v all_o the_o title_n to_o their_o former_a but_o of_o this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o in_o this_o we_o shall_v follow_v the_o tract_n of_o ground_n proceed_v from_o north-east_n to_o north-west_n and_o make_v use_n of_o the_o best_a information_n we_o can_v find_v and_o before_o we_o enter_v upon_o russia_n we_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o certain_a people_n that_o take_v up_o a_o great_a share_n of_o these_o northern_a part_n not_o as_o inhabitant_n
money_n they_o present_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o mint_n and_o coin_v piece_n of_o their_o own_o which_o they_o do_v so_o accurate_o that_o most_o nation_n have_v grant_v that_o the_o art_n of_o coin_v be_v here_o first_o bring_v to_o perfection_n whence_o the_o learned_a sr._n henry_n spelman_n think_v our_o english_a word_n sterling_n come_v from_o the_o easterling_n who_o come_v out_o of_o prussia_n first_o teach_v the_o art_n of_o refine_n and_o coin_v pure_a silver_n in_o england_n then_o before_o their_o come_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o species_n of_o money_n currant_n at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n be_v these_o 1._o a_o schilling_n which_o contain_v six_o penny_n or_o pfennings_n none_o of_o which_o be_v now_o in_o use_n in_o single_a piece_n 2._o a_o gross_a which_o consist_v of_o three_o schillings_n twenty_o of_o these_o gross_v make_v 3._o a_o mark._n 4._o a_o gulder_n be_v make_v of_o thirty_o gross_v 5._o a_o dollar_n or_o thaler_n be_v worth_a three_o gulder_n two_o dollar_n make_v 6._o a_o ducat_n value_v at_o nine_o shilling_n english_a these_o be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o proper_a coin_n of_o prussia_n though_o swedish_n and_o danish_a money_n be_v currant_n too_o some_o of_o the_o late_a prussian_a writer_n will_v have_v the_o word_n schilling_n fetch_v its_o name_n from_o one_o bernhard_n schilling_n who_o first_o stamp_v this_o kind_n of_o coin_n but_o this_o fancy_n be_v confute_v by_o schottelius_fw-la who_o nevertheless_o be_v himself_o baffle_v in_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n the_o gross_a have_v its_o name_n give_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o great_a piece_n of_o money_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o infancy_n of_o coinage_n the_o low_a saxon_n change_v according_a to_o their_o manner_n the_o high_a dutch_a s_o into_o it_o call_v it_o a_o grott_n whence_o we_o have_v our_o word_n great_a a_o mark_n be_v former_o no_o peculiar_a piece_n of_o coin_n but_o a_o certain_a weight_n of_o money_n worth_a thirty_o six_o of_o the_o mark_v now_o use_v in_o prussia_n so_o that_o it_o have_v not_o this_o name_n as_o loccenius_n guess_v from_o the_o german_a word_n mark_n because_o it_o be_v mark_v or_o stamp_v with_o some_o particular_a coin_n but_o be_v only_o use_v in_o that_o country_n in_o reckon_v of_o money_n as_o we_o count_v by_o pound_n and_o mark_n and_o the_o french_a by_o livre_n though_o neither_o of_o we_o have_v any_o piece_n of_o money_n of_o that_o value_n gulder_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n coin_n a_o dollar_n or_o thaler_n as_o the_o dutch_a write_v it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o german_a thal_n a_o valley_n or_o dale_n because_o first_o coin_v at_o the_o mine_n in_o joachim's-dale_n in_o the_o year_n 1517_o whence_o for_o a_o while_n instead_o of_o the_o word_n thalerus_n they_o use_v joachimicus_fw-la for_o a_o dollar_n the_o worth_n and_o value_n of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v almost_o yearly_o change_v by_o the_o continual_a allay_v of_o brass_n and_o copper_n mix_v with_o silver_n and_o other_o intrigue_n of_o state_n that_o the_o venedi_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n language_n language_n be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n after_o they_o the_o goth_n bring_v in_o a_o dialect_n of_o the_o celtic_a little_o differ_v from_o the_o german_a tongue_n but_o this_o wrought_v little_a change_n among_o the_o prussian_n who_o till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n speak_v as_o they_o do_v still_o in_o many_o place_n a_o language_n fundamental_o the_o same_o with_o what_o the_o russian_n polonian_n and_o lithuanian_n now_o use_v grunovius_n indeed_o a_o prussian_a bear_v be_v of_o another_o opinion_n because_o the_o polander_n do_v not_o at_o all_o understand_v a_o preusner_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n very_o little_a but_o how_o invalid_a this_o argument_n be_v any_o one_o may_v perceive_v who_o shall_v consider_v with_o what_o difficulty_n a_o austrian_a lunenburger_n and_o fleming_n and_o how_o much_o more_o a_o dane_n german_n and_o englishman_n will_v discourse_v together_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o slavonian_a and_o german_a tongue_n and_o a_o revolution_n of_o perhaps_o two_o thousand_o year_n must_v needs_o alter_v the_o prussian_a language_n considerable_o from_o what_o it_o be_v at_o first_o what_o time_n prussia_n religion_n religion_n with_o the_o adjoin_a country_n begin_v to_o leave_v off_o their_o idolatrous_a worship_n and_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n be_v hard_o to_o discover_v stanislaus_n lubienscius_fw-la bishop_n of_o plockzo_n think_v andrew_n the_o apostle_n first_o plant_v the_o gospel_n in_o these_o northern_a climate_n other_o more_o punctual_a in_o the_o story_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o apostle_n sail_v out_o of_o greece_n by_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o come_v up_o the_o boristhenes_n or_o dnieper_n land_v at_o kiow_n than_o the_o metropolis_n of_o russia_n whence_o he_o go_v forward_o baptise_v and_o convert_v the_o heathen_n as_o far_o as_o the_o baltic_a sea_n some_o upon_z as_o shallow_a ground_n as_o the_o former_a will_v have_v st._n bartholomew_n and_o st._n thaddaeus_n first_o preacher_n in_o prussia_n however_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n st._n adalbert_n or_o albert_n bishop_n of_o prague_n in_o bohemia_n and_o say_v the_o polish_v writer_n afterward_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n come_v through_o poland_n into_o prussia_n where_o he_o either_o first_o plant_v or_o restore_v christianity_n but_o the_o heathenish_a priest_n perceive_v innovation_n of_o religion_n inconsistent_a with_o their_o interest_n make_v the_o people_n so_o incense_v against_o st._n adalbert_n that_o they_o slay_v he_o barbarous_o at_o fischhausen_n in_o sambland_n in_o the_o year_n 997._o upon_o this_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v prussia_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o bring_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o these_o condition_n of_o peace_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v tribute_n to_o poland_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o to_o prevent_v for_o the_o future_a all_o relapse_n into_o idolatry_n and_o superstition_n he_o burn_v up_o the_o great_a oak_n at_o romanove_n the_o temple_n of_o three_o of_o their_o superior_a go_n but_o no_o soon_o have_v he_o leave_v they_o than_o they_o forsake_v christianity_n and_o return_v to_o their_o idol_n after_o he_o three_o of_o his_o successor_n of_o the_o same_o name_n do_v several_a time_n reduce_v they_o to_o christianity_n and_o homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o at_o the_o first_o opportunity_n they_o be_v sure_a to_o throw_v of_o both_o yoke_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n the_o polish_v nobility_n have_v rend_v that_o kingdom_n in_o piece_n neglect_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o prussian_n for_o a_o while_n however_o about_o the_o year_n 1215_o christianus_n a_o cistertian_n monk_n be_v very_o busy_a in_o confirm_v they_o in_o the_o principle_n they_o have_v receive_v and_o to_o that_o end_n by_o the_o pope_n command_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o bishop_n but_o find_v his_o own_o power_n insignificant_a he_o be_v quick_o force_v to_o beg_v the_o assistance_n of_o conrade_n duke_n of_o masovia_n this_o expedient_a also_o prove_v unsuccessful_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o dobrin_n who_o the_o duke_n have_v oppose_v to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o prussian_n make_v incursion_n into_o masovia_n be_v all_o vanquish_a and_o slay_v by_o the_o idolater_n when_o all_o these_o expedient_n prove_v unsucccessful_a the_o christian_n begin_v to_o consider_v of_o some_o other_o mean_n of_o convert_v the_o prussian_n since_o no_o fair_a usage_n will_v work_v upon_o such_o a_o stubborn_a people_n as_o they_o find_v these_o be_v they_o pitch_v upon_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n famous_a at_o that_o time_n all_o christendom_n over_o as_o most_o likely_a either_o to_o persuade_v or_o force_v they_o into_o christianity_n conrade_z duke_n of_o masovia_n please_v with_o these_o proposal_n immediate_o dispatch_n letter_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n proffer_v he_o the_o land_n of_o culm_n and_o auxiliary_a force_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v meet_v with_o any_o opposition_n upon_o this_o in_o the_o year_n 1226_o herman_n de_fw-fr salza_n four_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n forthwith_o send_v herman_n the_o balk_v one_o of_o his_o knight_n among_o the_o prussian_n with_o the_o title_n of_o superintendent_n afterward_o change_v into_o provincial_n of_o prussia_n but_o so_o vigorous_o do_v the_o heathen_n oppose_v these_o undertake_n that_o it_o be_v fifty_o three_o year_n before_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o renounce_v their_o idolatry_n after_o christianity_n begin_v to_o take_v root_n among_o they_o several_a bishopric_n and_o monastery_n be_v found_v notwithstanding_o all_o which_o many_o heathenish_a city_n be_v wink_v
gustavus_n x._o ann_n 1655_o and_o by_o this_o present_a king_n charles_n xi_o in_o 1663._o public_o ratify_v and_o subscribe_v to_o and_o ever_o since_o by_o he_o maintain_v so_o that_o lutheranism_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v deep_a root_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o clergy_n of_o sweden_n be_v have_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n be_v since_o the_o reformation_n very_o much_o impair_v gustavus_n i._n annex_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o the_o crown_n at_o one_o time_n 7500_o farm_n and_o ecclesiastical_a live_n yet_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o their_o minister_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o abate_v their_o archbishop_n always_o perform_v the_o religious_a solemnity_n at_o the_o king_n coronation_n and_z with_o as_o many_o bishop_n as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v be_v admit_v privy-counsellor_n to_o his_o majesty_n he_o be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n next_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o according_o take_v place_n of_o all_o temporal_a lord_n and_o ancient_o when_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o knight_n or_o lay-privy-counsellor_n to_o have_v only_o twelve_o and_o a_o senator_n eight_o it_o be_v order_v that_o he_o may_v have_v forty_o and_o a_o bishop_n thirty_o horse_n in_o their_o retinue_n he_o have_v under_o he_o seven_o suffragans_fw-la viz._n the_o bishop_n of_o lyncopen_n scare_n stergne_n westeras_fw-la wexio_fw-la aboa_n and_o riga_n and_o divers_a superintendent_o who_o have_v episcopal_a jurisdiction_n viz._n of_o calmare_n gottenburgh_n marienstadt_n revel_v etc._n etc._n all_o which_o make_v up_o a_o ecclesiastical_a college_n call_v the_o supreme_a consistory_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o the_o archbishop_n always_o preside_v the_o clergy_n of_o this_o nation_n say_v loccenius_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n use_v to_o marry_v till_o pope_n innocent_a iu_o by_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o sceningia_n a_o city_n of_o ostrogothia_a ann_n 1248_o forbid_v marriage_n to_o priest_n and_o cause_v those_o that_o have_v wife_n to_o put_v they_o away_o what_o concern_v their_o religion_n or_o their_o church-government_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o lutheran_n must_v be_v elsewhere_o more_o large_o treat_v of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o absolute_a sovereign_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n which_o he_o determine_v not_o without_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n he_o name_v all_o the_o bishop_n and_o by_o his_o power_n be_v summon_v all_o ecclesiastical_a assembly_n author_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o their_o bishop_n and_o superintendent_o but_o it_o be_v not_o considerable_a both_o equal_o depend_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n but_o the_o superintendent_o have_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n equal_a power_n with_o the_o bishop_n 5._o the_o five_o and_o last_o city_n of_o vpland_n be_v stockholm_n stockholme_n stockholme_n lie_v in_o 42_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o of_o latitude_n 58_o ten_o minute_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n the_o present_a seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n situate_v it_o be_v in_o a_o island_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o lake_n meller_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n especial_o that_o towards_o the_o sea_n with_o high_a rugged_a rock_n call_v scheren_n which_o hinder_v the_o prospect_n of_o the_o city_n but_o very_o much_o secure_v the_o haven_n which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o of_o dangerous_a entrance_n though_o these_o rock_n be_v a_o defence_n to_o the_o town_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o they_o it_o be_v sometime_o set_v upon_o by_o a_o enemy_n unaware_o as_o it_o be_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n anno_fw-la 1594._o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v found_v by_o king_n birgerus_n anno_fw-la 1261_o and_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wood_n use_v in_o the_o build_n of_o it_o call_v stockholme_n stock_n signify_v wood_n and_o holme_n a_o island_n but_o anno_fw-la 1552_o a_o fire_n happen_v in_o the_o city_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wooden_a building_n burn_v down_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v by_o public_a command_n rebuilt_a part_n of_o stone_n part_n of_o brick_n part_v also_o upon_o pile_n so_o that_o the_o sea_n flow_v under_o the_o house_n in_o it_o be_v several_a large_a well-built_a bridge_n only_o two_o gate_n open_v to_o the_o south_n and_o north._n public_a inn_n or_o lodging-house_n here_o be_v none_o but_o stranger_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n with_o some_o of_o the_o burgher_n entertainment_n handsome_a and_o charge_v not_o great_a an._n 1407_o it_o be_v consume_v by_o lightning_n and_o some_o thousand_o of_o people_n destroy_v by_o the_o fire_n in_o 1529_o king_n gustavus_n the_o first_o called_z several_z principal_a burgher_n and_o merchant_n out_o of_o other_o city_n to_o inhabit_v this_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v drive_v hence_o by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o christiern_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n there_o be_v in_o it_o eight_o church_n in_o all_o one_o of_o which_o be_v supply_v by_o a_o finlandish_a another_o by_o a_o german_a minister_n who_o constant_o preach_v in_o their_o own_o language_n in_o the_o citadel_n be_v the_o king_n palace_n handsome_o build_v some_o part_n eight_o or_o nine_o story_n high_a yet_o of_o great_a strength_n and_o security_n within_o it_o be_v a_o large_a and_o magnificent_a church_n build_v by_o king_n john_n erect_v upon_o marble_n pillar_n and_o roof_v with_o copper_n with_o a_o private_a chapel_n for_o the_o king_n very_o large_a also_o have_v forty_o window_n on_o each_o side_n where_o at_o the_o high_a altar_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o massy_a silver_n image_n of_o our_o saviour_n crucify_v in_o full_a proportion_n this_o city_n have_v be_v very_o often_o besiege_v ann_n 1434_o by_o the_o people_n of_o sweden_n who_o rebel_v upon_o account_n of_o foreign_a officer_n employ_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n '_o by_o king_n john_n 1481_o 1522_o by_o gustavus_n i._o and_o at_o other_o time_n the_o enemy_n always_o take_v advantage_n of_o a_o hill_n call_v bruncaberge_n so_o near_o that_o from_o it_o they_o can_v batter_v the_o citadel_n the_o arm_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o head_n of_o saint_n ericus_n crown_v or_o take_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o state_n in_o remembrance_n of_o that_o king_n virtue_n and_o piety_n and_o those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v three_o crown_n or_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a give_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n this_o be_v the_o metropolis_n and_o lie_v so_o convenient_o be_v the_o great_a place_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o whole_a nation_n from_o whence_o be_v export_v copper_n iron_n steel_n lead_v deal-board_n and_o very_o many_o manufacture_n make_v of_o those_o material_n copper_n especial_o whereof_o this_o kingdom_n supply_v the_o necessity_n almost_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n this_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o four_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o consul_n who_o be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o burgher_n and_o enjoy_v the_o dignity_n for_o their_o life_n their_o office_n be_v to_o give_v law_n and_o decide_v controversy_n arise_v betwixt_o one_o citizen_n and_o another_o if_o of_o lesser_a concern_n but_o if_o of_o great_a moment_n they_o always_o have_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o castle_n who_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o court_n for_o that_o time_n and_o either_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o case_n or_o transmits_n it_n to_o the_o king_n council_n they_o perform_v this_o office_n by_o turn_n two_o have_v precedence_n and_o supply_v it_o one_o and_o the_o other_o two_o the_o next_o year_n when_o any_o extraordinary_a affair_n happen_v they_o may_v have_v the_o assistance_n of_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a citizen_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o particular_a business_n as_o the_o care_n of_o building_n the_o decision_n of_o some_o private_a action_n promulgation_n of_o law_n etc._n etc._n beside_o these_o there_o be_v twelve_o senator_n or_o alderman_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o city_n who_o have_v the_o office_n likewise_o for_o their_o life_n out_o of_o these_o four_z be_v elect_v to_o be_v assessor_n to_o the_o consul_n and_o in_o all_o case_n and_o difference_n arise_v to_o assist_v they_o in_o this_o city_n common_o reside_v a_o great_a number_n of_o foreigner_n german_n and_o finlander_n especial_o who_o as_o all_o other_o of_o the_o lutheran_n persuasion_n be_v allow_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a communion_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n hereabout_o soil_n soil_n as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o sweden_n be_v general_o fruitful_a afford_v store_n of_o corn_n as_o wheat_n rye_n barley_n oat_n etc._n etc._n and_o pasturage_n and_o in_o some_o place_v no_o small_a quantity_n of_o wood._n in_o the_o
unanimous_a be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o whole_a island_n against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n the_o language_n ancient_o speak_v in_o rugen_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n tongue_n language_n language_n but_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n assist_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o island_n the_o wendish_n manner_n and_o language_n be_v utter_o abolish_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o rugen_n as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1404_o there_o be_v one_o old_a woman_n leave_v in_o the_o isle_n that_o understand_v perfect_o and_o can_v speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n and_o some_o few_o especial_o where_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n officer_n keep_v their_o residence_n speak_v swedish_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o be_v convert_v from_o their_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n religion_n religion_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n helmondus_n seem_v to_o point_v more_o especial_o at_o the_o rugian_o when_o he_o say_v inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la autem_fw-la borealium_fw-la populos_fw-la sola_fw-la slavorum_n provincia_n remansit_fw-la caeteris_fw-la durior_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la credendum_fw-la tardior_fw-la however_o about_o the_o year_n 813_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a monk_n venture_v to_o preach_v up_o christianity_n to_o these_o stubborn_a people_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n as_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n to_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o the_o true_a faith_n but_o they_o as_o quick_o abandon_v christianity_n and_o relapse_v into_o their_o former_a idolatry_n for_o as_o upon_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n in_o lycaonia_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o st._n barnabas_n and_o st._n paul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o mercury_n so_o these_o poor_a people_n mistake_v god_n minister_n for_o god_n himself_o idolise_v st._n vite_fw-la a_o poor_a monk_n that_o have_v undertake_v their_o conversion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o swant_n which_o name_n be_v afterward_o give_v to_o a_o monstrous_a four_o head_a image_n which_o they_o worship_v in_o a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o this_o idol_n all_o the_o rugian_o repair_v as_o to_o a_o oracle_n for_o advice_n and_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o have_v make_v a_o safe_a voyage_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v up_o some_o of_o their_o best_a merchandise_n as_o a_o tribute_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o this_o grand_a tutelary_a god_n of_o the_o island_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v keep_v constant_o for_o the_o service_n of_o swant_n one_o whereof_o be_v white_a and_o never_o rid_v but_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n this_o horse_n be_v now_o and_o then_o show_v to_o the_o people_n in_o a_o morning_n all_o over_o besmear_v with_o dirt_n and_o sweat_n the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n protest_v to_o the_o multitude_n that_o swant_n himself_o have_v bring_v the_o beast_n into_o that_o pickle_n by_o engage_v with_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n of_o rugen_n the_o night_n before_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_v this_o idol_n which_o stand_v in_o arcona_n the_o famous_a city_n in_o old_a rugen_n before_o mention_v be_v thus_o the_o chief_a priest_n look_v into_o a_o horn_n which_o the_o image_n hold_v in_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o which_o have_v be_v fill_v the_o year_n before_o with_o a_o precious_a liquor_n prognosticate_v from_o the_o good_a quantity_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v the_o plenty_n or_o dearth_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o do_v with_o his_o lip_n shut_v for_o fear_v of_o harm_v the_o idol_n with_o his_o breath_n he_o very_o solemn_o pour_v out_o the_o remain_a liquor_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o image_n and_o have_v replenish_v it_o afresh_o place_v it_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reverence_n in_o the_o god_n right_a hand_n whence_o he_o have_v take_v it_o down_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o anniversary_n feast_v and_o jollity_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n the_o rugian_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n until_o by_o a_o continual_a conversation_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o pomeranian_o they_o be_v almost_o insensible_o turn_v christian_n and_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o at_o last_o whole_o quit_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rugen_n be_v as_o zealous_a assertor_n and_o maintainer_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n as_o any_o german_n whatever_n the_o isle_n be_v ancient_o govern_v by_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o grammar_n grammar_n who_o dominion_n reach_v beyond_o the_o narrow_a boundary_n the_o sea_n have_v set_v they_o a_o great_a way_n into_o pomeren_n take_v in_o all_o the_o territory_n near_o stralsund_n gripswald_n and_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n antiquity_n will_v afford_v we_o a_o register_n of_o eleven_o prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o those_o in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o wislaus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 938._o 2._o grimus_fw-la remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o his_o fill_v up_o a_o space_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o these_o prince_n 3._o cruco_n or_o crito_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o obatriti_n in_o the_o year_n 1100_o who_o after_o he_o have_v for_o some_o year_n exercise_v idolatry_n and_o tyranny_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v depose_v and_o slay_v by_o henry_n son_n of_o gothscalc_n another_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o the_o say_v obitriti_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o his_o wife_n schlavine_n daughter_n to_o swantibor_n i._o prince_n of_o pomeren_n 4._o raze_v a_o great_a warrior_n who_o besiege_v lubec_n and_o take_v it_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1141._o 5._o teslaus_n a_o prince_n who_o have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n two_o whereof_z eric_n vi._n and_o sueno_n iii_o he_o as_o often_o overcome_v as_o he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o but_o at_o last_o be_v utter_o vanquish_v and_o make_v tributary_n by_o king_n waldemar_n 6._o jarimar_n teslaus_n brother_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o rugen_n that_o embrace_v christianity_n 7._o barmita_n arimar'_v son_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1241._o 8._o witzlaus_n ii_o barmita_n brother_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o campen_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1247._o 9_o jarimar_n ii_o witzlaus_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o immediate_o after_o his_o admittance_n to_o the_o government_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o after_o many_o engagement_n get_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n ease_v from_o that_o yoke_n in_o the_o year_n 1259._o 10._o witzlaus_n iii_o jarimar_n the_o second_o be_v son_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o liefland_n where_o himself_o sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o priest_n preach_v christianity_n to_o the_o poor_a infidel_n of_o those_o part_n 11._o witzlaus_n iv_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o rugen_n of_o this_o family_n upon_o the_o unruly_a growth_n of_o the_o great_a city_n of_o stralsund_n the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n find_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o grapple_v with_o this_o prince_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o subject_n to_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n if_o by_o violence_n or_o otherwise_o they_o can_v procure_v their_o liberty_n whereupon_o they_o open_o proclaim_v themselves_o a_o free_a city_n declare_v that_o neither_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n can_v lawful_o pretend_v to_o exact_v any_o tribute_n or_o homage_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n upon_o the_o noise_n of_o this_o revolt_n prince_n witzlaus_n assist_v by_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a king_n and_o prince_n besiege_v stralsund_v demand_v submission_n together_o with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o unpardonable_a crime_n in_o dare_v to_o make_v so_o traitorous_a a_o revolt_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o the_o stralsunder_v not_o only_o persist_v in_o the_o resolution_n of_o assert_v their_o liberty_n to_o the_o last_o but_o brave_o withstand_v the_o assault_n of_o witzlaus_n and_o his_o associate_n and_o after_o many_o hot_a dispute_n slay_v this_o prince_n in_o a_o sally_n thereby_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o whole_a lineage_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1325._o after_o this_o the_o island_n of_o rugen_n with_o other_o part_n of_o that_o principality_n upon_o the_o continent_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o
or_o runi_n helmondus_n i_o think_v first_o teach_v they_o to_o call_v themselves_o by_o this_o latter_a name_n fancy_v that_o the_o ancient_a insula_fw-la runorum_fw-la who_o adam_n bremensis_n call_v fortissimam_fw-la slavorum_fw-la gentem_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v rugen_n whereas_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o runi_n as_o the_o learned_a ol._n wormius_n conjecture_n live_v further_o eastward_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o liefland_n where_o to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v a_o small_a island_n call_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n die_v run_v however_o let_v the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o modern_a rugian_a nobleman_n be_v what_o they_o will_v they_o have_v this_o good_a mark_n of_o antiquity_n that_o they_o pay_v tithe_n duely_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n fruit_n wool_n etc._n etc._n then_o any_o people_n in_o germany_n and_o give_v large_a allowance_n and_o more_o respect_n to_o their_o clergy_n men._n the_o rustic_n pay_v easy_a rent_n than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o place_n and_o therefore_o have_v reason_n to_o give_v as_o they_o common_o do_v that_o respect_n and_o honour_n to_o their_o landlord_n which_o all_o the_o antiquity_n they_o brag_v of_o can_v challenge_v marchionatus_fw-la brandenburgicus_fw-la authore_fw-la olao_n johannis_n gotho_n gustavi_fw-la mag._n r._n s._n cosmographo_fw-la to_z the_o honourable_a s._n r_o lyonel_n jenkins_n judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n die_v marck_n which_o be_v now_o a_o word_n common_o use_v in_o germany_n to_o express_v all_o the_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o he_o be_v only_a marquis_n of_o the_o empire_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o outmost_a border_n or_o limit_n of_o a_o country_n so_o that_o markgraf_n instead_o of_o which_o we_o use_v the_o french_a word_n marquis_n be_v proper_o judex_n or_o comes_fw-la limitaneus_fw-la which_o we_o may_v english_a lord_z lieutenant_z of_o the_o march_n and_o this_o title_n seem_v reasonable_o enough_o appropriate_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o empire_n may_v possible_o heretofore_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o emperor_n delegate_n in_o hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n as_o well_o as_o oppose_v all_o violent_a incursion_n of_o foreigner_n the_o city_n of_o brandenburg_n which_o lend_v the_o marquis_n his_o title_n and_o be_v once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o these_o part_n be_v now_o decay_a into_o a_o despicable_a village_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n anon_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o middle_a marck_n the_o whole_a marquisate_n which_o dresser_n tell_v we_o be_v seven_o great_a day_n journey_n either_o in_o length_n or_o breadth_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o pomeren_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o north-west_n with_o lunenburg_n on_o the_o west_n with_o brunswic_n on_o the_o south-west_n with_o magdeburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o anhalt_n the_o upper_a saxony_n and_o lusatia_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o silesia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o poland_n and_o last_o on_o the_o north-east_n with_o prussia_n the_o country_n be_v general_o sandy_a and_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o forest_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o corn_n but_o small_a quantity_n of_o any_o other_o provision_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o good_a flock_n of_o sheep_n but_o rare_o find_v any_o considerable_a herd_n of_o kine_n the_o boar_n near_o francfurt_n brandenburg_n and_o berlin_n brag_v of_o their_o vineyard_n and_o think_v the_o vintage_n they_o have_v yearly_a worth_a the_o toil_n of_o plant_v and_o look_v after_o their_o vine_n but_o their_o neighbour_n have_v not_o so_o good_a a_o opinion_n of_o the_o mean_a liquor_n which_o these_o poor_a man_n boast_v of_o for_o in_o the_o upper_a saxony_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o frighten_v young_a child_n to_o school_n by_o threaten_v to_o make_v they_o drink_v brandenburg_n wine_n and_o this_o proverb_n be_v ordinary_a among_o they_o vinum_fw-la auss_n den_n alten_n marck_n calefacit_fw-la ut_fw-la quarck_n now_o the_o word_n quarck_n in_o their_o dialect_n proper_o signify_v a_o squeeze_a handful_n of_o new_a cheese_n but_o be_v common_o use_v in_o a_o metaphorical_a sense_n to_o denote_v any_o sort_n of_o insipid_a stuff_n whatever_o their_o salt_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o up_o the_o elb_n havel_n and_o spree_n from_o other_o country_n to_o who_o they_o return_v corn_n and_o fish_n the_o two_o chief_a commodity_n of_o this_o province_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n territory_n do_v not_o afford_v such_o mine_n of_o silver_n as_o several_a country_n subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n mine_n mine_n and_o some_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v one_o main_a reason_n why_o the_o money_n coin_v in_o this_o marquisate_n be_v much_o base_a metal_n than_o what_o we_o find_v currant_n in_o saxony_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n in_o some_o place_n they_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o dig_v up_o small_a parcel_n of_o brass_n iron_n and_o copper_n but_o scarce_o anywhere_o enough_o to_o supply_v the_o necessary_a occasion_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o varini_n and_o naithones_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n two_o branch_n of_o the_o vast_a nation_n of_o the_o suevian_o who_o be_v succeed_v by_o the_o helvoldi_n wilini_fw-la beirani_n and_o some_o other_o tribe_n of_o the_o slavonian_n but_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o have_v in_o the_o year_n 620_o conquer_v and_o throw_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o people_n bestow_v these_o territory_n upon_o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n who_o with_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n new_o people_v the_o desolate_a country_n with_o golony_n out_o of_o holland_n zealand_n westphalia_n saxony_n and_o franconid_v so_o that_o the_o present_a brandenburger_n be_v a_o mix_a medley_n of_o several_a different_a german_a nation_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v observe_v from_o the_o confusion_n of_o dialect_n which_o make_v up_o the_o language_n of_o this_o people_n the_o generality_n of_o they_o be_v so_o lamentable_o poor_a and_o miserable_a that_o to_o lie_v on_o a_o bed_n of_o clean_a straw_n be_v esteem_v the_o character_n of_o one_o of_o better_a fashion_n than_o his_o neighbour_n soon_o after_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o be_v conquest_n of_o brandenburg_n religion_n religion_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o elector_n joachim_n the_o first_o embrace_v the_o tenant_n of_o m._n luther_n in_o this_o state_n they_o continue_v undisturbed_a until_o the_o breach_n betwixt_o george_n william_n father_n of_o the_o present_a elector_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n for_o the_o latter_a have_v marry_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n at_o that_o time_n the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o popish_a party_n embrace_v the_o tenant_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n fancy_v as_o it_o be_v conjecture_v that_o this_o expedient_a may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o secure_v the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n if_o his_o occasion_n shall_v require_v it_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o elector_n marry_v a_o sister_n of_o frideric_n the_o five_o prince_z elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o grand_a protector_n of_o the_o calvinist_n adhere_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o calvin_n hope_v thereby_o to_o engage_v the_o netherlands_o to_o befriend_v he_o upon_o occasion_n but_o when_o afterward_o he_o be_v persuade_v by_o his_o wife_n to_o put_v out_o a_o edict_n for_o suppress_v the_o lutheran_n discipline_n and_o doctrine_n and_o authorise_v the_o calvinian_a throughout_o his_o dominion_n which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o year_n 1615_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o marquisate_n unanimous_o rebel_v against_o he_o and_o have_v probable_o put_v a_o end_n to_o his_o line_n and_o government_n if_o they_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o a_o speedy_a redress_n of_o their_o grievance_n hereupon_o the_o elector_n be_v force_v to_o compose_v the_o business_n by_o revoke_v this_o edict_n and_o set_v forth_o a_o new_a one_o in_o its_o place_n whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o form_n of_o divine_a service_n shall_v be_v use_v in_o all_o public_a church_n within_o the_o marquisat_n of_o brandenburg_n according_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o luther_n only_o and_o that_o the_o elector_n with_o his_o marchioness_n and_o those_o few_o more_o that_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o hear_v a_o calvinist_n preacher_n in_o any_o other_o place_n then_o a_o private_a chapel_n however_o these_o mean_n be_v find_v insufficient_a to_o secure_v the_o people_n from_o all_o innovation_n in_o church-discipline_n for_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o elector_n family_n and_o daily_a conflux_n of_o new_a favourite_n