Selected quad for the lemma: religion_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
religion_n	government_n	language_n	university_n	13,205	5	13.5098	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A37760	A most compleat compendium of geography, general and special describing all the empires, kingdoms and dominions in the whole world : shewing their bounds, situation, dimensions, ancient and modern names, history, government, religions, languages, commodities ... archbishopricks and universities : in a more plain and easie method, more compendious and (perhaps) more useful than any of this bigness : to which are added general rules for making a large geography, ... / collected according to the most late discoveries and agreeing with the choicest and newest maps by Laurence Eachard ...	Echard, Laurence, 1670?-1730.	1691 (1691)	Wing E148; ESTC R35670	72,037	209

A most Compleat COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY GENERAL and SPECIAL Describing all the Empires Kingdoms and Dominions IN THE Whole WORLD Shewing their Bounds Situation Dimensions Ancient and Modern Names History Government Religions Languages Commodities Divisions Subdivisions Cities Rivers Mountains Lakes with their Archbishopricks and Universities In a more Plain and Easie Method more Compendious and perhaps more Useful than any of this bigness To which are added General Rules for making a large GEOGRAPHY Very necessary for the right Understanding of the Transactions of these Times Collected according to the most late Discoveries and agreeing with the choicest and newest MAPS By LAVRENCE EACHARD of Christ's-Colledge in Cambridge London Printed for Thomas Salusbury at the Sign of the Temple near Temple-Bar in Fleet-street 1691. To the Reverend and truly Learned Dr. IOHN COVEL Chancellour of YORK AND MASTER OF CHRIST-COLLEDGE IN CAMBRIDGE Reverend Sir WHen you first find your Name prefixed to this Book you will no less marvel at my Boldness than Folly but the Right of Dedication which every Scribler assumes to himself may in some measure save me harmless and your Goodness which truly knows how to pardon the rash Attempts of Youth has animated me to shelter this small Trifle under the Patronage of your Name I will not go about to extenuate my Crime by such fulsome Panegyricks as Dedications are usually stuffed withal for those are the common Badges of mercenary Pens which too oft betray the Wit as well as the Integrity of such Writers I do not pretend in the least to better your Understanding by this small Compendium or to add any thing to the knowledge of a Person who is already so well acquainted with the World and has seen so many famous Countries Neither do I make use of your Name to avoid the common Fate of Young Writers Envy for to be thought worthy of that shall be my greatest Glory but chiefly because the Name of so Eminent a Patron may give the greater encouragement to others and that this Science may be the more esteemed in our Vniversity and lastly that I may let the World know how much I am honoured by publishing my self Your most humble and devoted Servant LAU EACHARD THE PREFACE THere is no Man I believe can with very much Reason find fault with the Subject of this Book being so noble and useful for this is a Science which is most perfectly adorned with all the Beauties that may create delight and satisfie the curious so that it needs no Vindication The Book it self I am afraid will be condemned by the more nice sort of Persons when they first see it who will perhaps look upon it as superfluous and altogether useless since there have been already so many excellent Books both small and great of this kind To answer this perhaps will not be thought so agreeable to true modesty but howsoever I shall take leave to say thus much of it and that without any sort of vanity That I have never met with any yet that have used a more exact Method or have kept so close to their Method as this neither do I know of any that have been so particular in the Sub-divisions and Soveraignties as this I am truly sensible that several worthy Persons who heard of my design of putting out a Geography have censured me as to bold an Vndertaker after so many accurate Pens but the Iudgment of these Persons may well be suspected since they were so very little acquainted with my Studies and not at all with my Book For my part I had so little esteem of it my self as to have kept it wholly for my own private use for which it was first designed neither would I ever have ventured my Reputation which as yet is very tender among so many Criticks if I had not two several times been encouraged by Mr. Neuton most deservedly our Mathematick Professor a Person whose judgment and skill is so well known as not to be disputed who approved of the Method and Brevity when it was much less perfect than it is now and said That he did not see how a General Geography so full could be easily brought into less room The first time he saw it he did me the Honour to correct several Faults with his own Hand As to the Method in every Country I first begin with the Bounds Situation Dimensions from named Places Ancient and Modern Names then the Historical part with the present Government then I name the Religion Language and Commodities with the chief place of the whole After this I come to the particular Provinces When they are over I mention all the chief Rivers Mountains and Lakes with the number of the Patriarchs Arch-bishops Bishops and Universities As for the Provinces themselves I have been very careful to set them in such order as they may be most easily found in Maps beginning with the most Northern N. Eastern or N. Western Province so likewise on the Sub-divisions then naming that which lies next to it so that one cannot well be mistaken I have also given all their Dimensions Situations Sub-divisions and Soveraignties and giving them their proper Titles as Dukedom Earldom c. with all their chief Towns or Cities This Method I have used in every particular Country as much as the Subject would permit I have all the way intermixed the old Geography with the new not only in every Country but in every Province where I could tho' it is done with so much brevity it may easily be understood I have been very curious in the distinguishing the one from the other and giving the true extent of the old Provinces and have discovered several faults which are often committed by many Geographers as making Hetruria the same with Tuscany Latium the same with Campania de Roma Liguria the same with the State of Genoa Helvetia the same with Switzerland c. Also some other faults in not distinguishing the old Albania from the new the old Persia from the new c. these are faults which by many others have been little observed therefore I took the more care to correct them As for the length and breadth of the Countries and Provinces the truth of which I am afraid will be scrupled by several they are made according to no Book whatsoever but wholly according to Maps and those the best and newest I could procure which were for the most part De Wits Vischer's Sanson's and Berry's in these I have found no very considerable difference in the Provinces of Europe I would not have the Reader expect the true Dimensions of every Province to a mile for no Maps are so exact especially in Asia Africa and America where they are seldom without great faults neither would I have him count it a fault if by chance in measuring I have mistaken one mile in twenty Tho' these Dimensions are designed I mean those of the inferiour Provinces rather as an Ornament to compleat this Book or rather to

Kings County Queens County Kilkenny Caterlaugh Wicklo and Wexford The Pro. of Meath makes the other three viz. East-Meath West-Meath and Longford ch T. are Dublin Wexford and Kilkenny 4. Munster on the S. of Leinster and Connaught the Seat of the old Velibori Vterni Vodii and Coriondi 135 m. l. 125 br It contains six Counties viz. Tipperary Waterford Lymrick Kerry Cork and Desmond ch T. are Cork Lymrick and Waterford Rivers of principal note are 1. Shannon and 2. Awiduff or Black Water Archbishopricks 4 Bishopricks 19 University 1. The lesser British Isles are 1. Orcades 2. Schetland 3. the Hebraides 4. Man 5. Wight c. These are of no considerable note so I shall pass on 6. Low Countries THE Low-Countries a knot of Provinces right against England on the N. of France and W. of Germany Situated between the 49th and 16 min. and the 53 and 37 min. of Lat. and between the 21st and the 26th and 28 min. of Lon. being in length from the N. parts of Groningen to the S. parts of Luxemburg 264 miles and in breadth from the W. parts of Artois to the E. parts of Luxemburg 192 miles containing about half of the ancient Belgium with some of old Germany Sometimes at present called Belgium and the Lower Germany and also the 17 Provinces by the Dutch Nederland It was first conquered by the Romans afterwards by the French then divided into several Governments till Anno 1309 reduced to one by Philip D. of Burgundy till Anno 1581 some of the Provinces revolted declaring themselves free and since the French have gained several conquests So that the present Government is under the Hollanders Spanish French and the B. of Liege The ch T. of the Vnited Provinces is Amsterdam and that of the Spanish Provinces is Antwerp The Inhabitants of the Spanish Provinces are mostly Papists in the Vnited Provinces all Religions are suffered but most are Calvinists Their Language is the Flemmish or Low Dutch a Dialect of the German In Hainault Artois and French Flanders they use the Walloon or a corrupted French The chief Commodities are Linnen Scarlet Silks Velvits Armours Ropes Cables Butter Cheese prepared Buff Ox-hides Spanish Leather c. It contains 17 Provinces which are 1. Barony of Groningen the most Northern Province 45 m. l. 30 br containing six little parts viz. Hunsingo Westerquarter Fivelingo Goorecht Oldeamten and Westerwolt ch T. are Groningen Dam and Winschoten 2. Barony of West-Friesland on the W. of Groningen 36 m. l. 32 br containing three small parts viz. Oostergoe Westergoe and Sevenwolden ch T. are Lewarden and Franaker 3. Barony of Overyssel on the S. E. of West-Friesland and S. of Groningen 62 m. l. 46 br It contains three little parts viz. Drente Sallandt and Twenthe ch T. are Daventer Swoll and Campen 4. Earldom of Zutphen on the S. of Overyssel 32 m. l. 26 br ch T. Zutphen and Grol To which is united all the D. of Gelderland that is under the Hollanders 56 m. l. 36 br ch T. are Nimmegen and Arnhem 5. Barony of Vtrecht on the W. of Gelderland and Zutphen 42 m. l. 20 br ch T. are Vtrecht Amersfort and Duerstede 6. Earldom of Holland on the W. of Vtrecht 70 m. l. 46 br besides the Islands divided into 1. North-Holland ch T. Amsterdam Harlem and Alcamaer and 2. South-Holland ch T. Rotterdam Hague and Leiden 7. Earldom of Zeland on the S. of Holland containing seven Islands viz. Schwoen D●veland Tolen N. Beverland S. Beverland Wolferdicke and Walcheran ch T. are Middleburg and Flussing These are called the Seven Vnited Provinces one of the most considerable Commonwealths in the World they contain a part of old Germany some of them being then a part of ancient Saxony 8. Earldom of Flanders on the S. W. of Zeland 86 m. l. 65 br subject to the Spaniards French and Hollanders ch T. of the Spaniards are Ghent and Bruges of the French are Dunkirk and Lille of the Hollanders are Sluys and Hulst 9. Earldom of Artois on the S. W. of Flanders 70 m. l. 65 br wholly under the French ch T. are Arras and St. Omers To this may be joyned the B. of Cambray ch T. Cambray also under the French 10. Earldom of Hainault on the E. of Art●is 68 m. l. 60 br It belongs mostly to the French Ch. T. of the Spaniards are Mons and Aeth of the French are Valenciennes and Maubeuge Mons is ch T. of both 11. Earldom of Namur on the E. of Hainault 34 m. l. 30 br ch T. are Namur Charlemont and Charleroy A little part of it is under the French 12. Dukedom of Brabant on the N. of Namur 90 m. l. 72 br partly under the Hollanders Ch. T. of the Spaniards are Brussels and Lovain ch T. of the Hollanders are Breda and Boisleduc 13. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire a small Province in the bounds of Brabant yet makes one of the 17 Provinces ch T. is Antwerp So is also 14. The Signeury of Mechlin or Malines another little Province in Brabant ch T. is Mechlin 15. Bishoprick of Liege on the E. of Brabant 74 m. l. 35 br ch T. Liege and Maestricht under Holland It is under its own Bish. who is Elec. of Cologn and is part of the Westphalian Circle in Germany 16. Dukedom of Limburg also a part of the Westphalian Circle on the E. of Liege 38 m. l. 30 br ch T. is Limburg It includes the Ter. of Valkenburg under the Hollanders ch T. Valkenburg 17. Dukedom of Luxumburg on the S. of Limburg 82 m. l. 72 br partly under the French Ch. T. of the Spaniards are Luxumburg and Bastoigne ch of the French are Thionville and Monmedy Here is also the D. of Buillon and Ter. of St. Hubert both under the B. of Liege These ten Provinces are called the Spanish or Catholick Provinces tho' at present not all under Spain The Inhabitants under Spain are called Flemmings and those under France Walloons They contain part of the old Belgica prima and secunda with all Germania secunda Rivers of principal note are three viz. 1. Rhine 2. Maes and 3. Schold Mountains I find not Archbishopricks 3 Bishopricks 18 Universities 9. 7. Germany THE Empire of Germany lies on the E. of the Low-Countries and France on the N. of Italy and on the W. of Poland and Turky in form of a Square Situated between the 25th and the 39th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 45th and 12 min. and the 54 and 50 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Pomerania to the S. parts of Trent about 640 miles and in breadth from the W. parts of Triers to the E. parts of Silesia about 550 miles In these bounds are contained but a part of old Germany with part of Gaul Illyricum and some of old Italy now called by the Inhabitants Teutschlandt or Teitschlandt by the French Almagne by

ch T. Rabat 2. Fez ch T. Fez and Salla 3. Asgar ch T. Larache and Cascar Elkabes 4. Habat ch T. Tanger Arzilla and Ceuta 5. Errif ch T. Iasaon 6. Garret ch T. Melilla And 7. Chaus ch T. Tezza Ch. T. of all is Fez. These two Kingdoms are under the Xeriffs of Morocco except the Coasts which are chiefly subject to the Spaniards and Portuguez 3. Kingdom of Algiers on the E. of Fez 690 m. l. 260 br anciently called Mauritania Caesariensis partly under the Turks It contains five Provinces viz. 1. Telensin or Tremisen ch T. Tremisen and Oran 2. Tenes ch T. Tenes 3. Algiers ch T. Algiers In this lies the Kingdom of Couco a seperate K. ch T. Couco 4. Bugia ch T. Bugia In this is Lubez a seperate Estate ch T. Calar 5. Constantina an independent Kingdom containing three parts viz. Constantina ch T. Constantina Tebessa ch T. Tebessa and Bona ch T. Bona. Constantina and Bugia made the Roman Numidia 4. Kingdom of Tunis on the E. of Algiers 300 m. l. 200 br anciently called Africa Propria in which was the famous City of Carthage It contains six Provinces viz. 1. Biserta ch T. Biserta 2. Goletta ch T. Tunis and Goletta 3. Sousa ch T. Sousa 4. Elmadia ch T. Elmadine 5. Beija ch T. Beija And 6. Cairoan ch T. Cairoan This Province is under the Turks 5. Kingdom of Tripoli on the E. of Tunis 690 m. l. 150 br anciently called Tripolitana ch T. are Tripoli Lebada and Capis In this is included the Province of Ezzaab which contains another called Mesurata ch T. Mesurata This Province is also under the Turks who have but little benefit as from Algiers and Tunis 6. Kingdom of Barca on the E. of Tripoli 700 m. l. 150 br It contains all the ancient Cyranaica and Lybia Marmarica ch T. are Barca Cairoan and Tolomesa Part of it is now joyned with Egypt which together as I said before make up the Government of Miser or Cairo Rivers of chiefest note are four 1. Guadebar 2. Major 3. Nachan and 4. Ommiriboli Chief Mountains are the Mountains of Atlas or Aiducal which part this Country from Biledulgerid 3. Biledulgerid BIledulgerid or the Country of Dates is a large but inconsiderable Country on the S. of Barbary and W. of Egypt situated between the 5th and the 60th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 21st and 45 min. and the 32d degr of Lat. being in length from the Atlantick Ocean to the borders of Egypt about 3000 miles and not 450 broad in the widest place and in some places not above 100. It contains that part of the ancient Lybia Interior which was called not the Roman Numidia It remained unconquered till Anno 710. It was overcome by the Saracens but afterwards left again so that it is now under several petty Princes and Arabian Chiefs many of them pay some acknowledgment to the Xeriffs of Morocco in some places they have scarcely any Government at all Ch. T. is Dara The Inhabitants are for the most part Mahomitans brought in Anno 710 a great many are still Idolaters Their Language is chiefly the Arabick but in some places towards Barbary they use the Punick or old African The only Commodities that I find are Dates It contains ten Provinces which are 1. Tesset or Sus the most W. Province 720 m. l. 300 br ch T. are Tesset and Buzadora chiefly under Morocco 2. Dara on the N. E. of Tesset 210 m. l. 145 br ch T. Dara 3. Segelmessa on the E. of Dara 380 m. l. 370 br ch T. Segelmessa It is under several small Estates Here are included the Pr. of Taffilet and Farcala 4. Tegorarin on the E. of Segelmissa 220 m. l. 240 br ch T. Tegorarin 5. Zeb on the E. of Tegorarin ch T. Teulachar 6. Mezzab on the S. of Zeb ch T. Mezzab 7. Techort on the S. E. of Mezzab 270 m. l. 160 br ch T. Techort 8. Guargala on the E. of Techort 200 m. l. 100 br ch T. Guargala This and Techort have their own Kings but tributary to Algiers 9. Biledulgerid on the N. E. of Guargala 980 m. l. 220 br ch T. Caphesa Here are also 1. the Estates of Fezzan ch T. Fezzan 2. Gadenses ch T. Gadenses And 3. Teoreger ch T. Teoreger 10. Deserts of Barca on the E. of Biledulgerid 760 m. l. 450 br ch T. if there be any is Ammon The S. parts are called the Deserts of Lybia or Eleocat Rivers of greatest note are 1. Dara and 2. Zizus Mountains of chiefest account are those of Atlas 4. Sarra THE Deserts of Sarra or Zaara lies on the S. of Biledulgerid situated between the 4th and the 56th degr of Lon. and between the 12th and the 28th degr of Lat. being in length from the Atlantick Ocean to the E. parts of Gaoga about 2840 miles and in breadth from the N. parts of Berdoa to the S. parts of Borno about 780 miles in some places but 240 in others but 120 miles It contains that part of the ancient Lybia Interior called Deserta We can hear little of it in former times concerning Government being so mean and inconsiderable It has now several petty Princes and inferior Lords with some Arabian Chiefs The ch T. of the whole is Zuenziga The Inhabirants are Mahomitans and Gentiles with some Libertines who have not the least signs of Religion or Worship Their Language Arabick and Punick and in some places that of the Negroes Their only Commodities are Dates and Cattel It contains seven Desarts which are 1. Desart of Zanhaga which includes the Desarts of Azaod and Araban the most W. Province 680 m. l. 270 br ch T. Tegassa 2. Desart of Zuenziga on the E. of Zanhaga 420 m. l. 310 br It contains three Desarts viz. 1. Zuenziga ch T. Zuenziga 2. Ghir ch T. Ghir And 3 Gogden 3. Desart of Targa or Zaghara on the E. of Zuenziga 500 m. l. 390 br It contains three Desarts viz. 1. Targa ch T. Targa 2. Hair ch T. Hair And 3. Ignid ch T. Ignid 4. Desart of Lemta on the E. of Targa 720 m. l. 450 br ch T. are Lemta and Suma 5. Desart and Kingdom of Berdoa on the E. of Lemta 560 m. l. 200 br ch T. Berdoa This Prov. is as I take it under its own King 6. Desart and Kingdom of Borno on the S. of Berdoa 680 m. l. 600 br ch T. Borno This Province is under its own King 7. Desart and Kingdom of Gaoga on the N. E. of Borno 510 m. l. 280 br ch T. Gaoga This is also under its own King Rivers of greatest note are 1. Ghir and 2. Rio de Cavollos Principal Mountains are those called Girgiris Chief Lakes are Borno and Targa 5. Nubia THE Kingdom of Nubia is a considerable Country on the S. W. of Egypt and S. of the Desarts of Barca between Sarra and Abissina Situated between the

were anciently a part of Sarmatia Europea Rivers of chiefest note are four viz. 1. Meler 2. Dalacarle 3. Torne and 4. Angermania Mountains of greatest note are the Dofrinehills parting Sweden from Norway Principal Lakes are four viz. 1. Ladoga 2. Wener 3. Weter and 4. Iende Archbishopricks 3 Bishopricks 15 Universities 2. 10. Russia THE Empire of Russia is a vast Country bordering on Tartary and lying on the E. of Swedeland and Poland Situated between the 48th and the 102d degree of Lon. according to F. de wit and between the 45th and the 71st degr of Lat. being in length from the S. parts of Astracan to the month of the Riv. Oby about 1660 miles and in breadth from the borders of Livonia to Oby at the same Lat. about 1530 miles It contains the greatest part of the ancient Sarmatia Europea called sometimes Russia Alba and Muscovy by the Inhabitants Rusz by the Germans Rustandt by the Poles Moskwa and Russenlandt and by the Turks Russ. The old Inhabitants were the Sarmatians first conquered by the Rossi afterwards by the Tartars till at last they shook off their Yoak and erected a Monarchy which still continues So that it is at present governed by its own Emperors commonly called the Great Tzar or Duke of Muscovy the most absolute of any Prince in Christendom His Seat is at Moscow The Inhabitants are chiefly of the Greek Church but differing in many Points and some of the North parts are Idolaters Their Language a Dialect of the Solavonian but much corrupted and mixt with others In Inhorski they use a corrupt Hungarian and in Petzora P●rmski and Czeremissans they have one by themselves Their Commodities are Furs Sables Martins Wax Honey Tallow Train-Oyl Cavier Hemp Flax Iron Slad Salt-Petre Brimstone c. It is divided into 37 Provinces which are as following 1. Republick of Lapland the most N. W. Province 440 m. l. 240 br divided into Tenskoy Mouramanskoy and Bellamores ch T. are Kola Warsiga and Kandolax 2. Province of Kargapol on the S. E. of Lapland 320 m. l. 210 br ch T. is Kargapol 3. Province of Divina on the N. E. of Kargapol 370 m. l. 220 br ch T. are Archangel and Divina 4. Dukedom of Cordora on the E. of Divina 280 m. l. 260. br ch T. is Wirchatouria 5. Dukedom of Inhorski on the N. of Condora ch T. 6. Province of Petzora on the E. of Inhorski 330 m. l. 120 br ch T. is Petzora 7. Republick of Samoedes on the N. E. of Petzora ch T. 8. Dukedom of Obdora on the E. of Samoedes ch T. is Berezow 9. Kingdom of Siberia on the S. of Obdora and Petzora ch T. is Tobalska 10. Dukedom of Wiathka on the W. of Siberia 420 m. l. 310 br ch T. is Oorloff 11. Dukedom of Permski on the N. W. of Wiathka 280 m. l. 190 br ch T. is Permaveleck 12. Province of Vstinga on the W. of Permski 330 m. l. 240 br ch T. is Vstinga 13. Dukedom of Wologda on the S. W. of Vstringa 300 m. l. 190 br ch T. is Wologda 14. Dukedom of Novogrod Weliki on the W. of Wologda 340 m. l. 240 br ch T. is Novogrod Weliki 15. Dukedom of Belejezoro between Novogrod and Wologda 140 m. l. 90 br ch T. Belejesoro 16. Principality of Pleskow on the W. of Novogrod Weliki 160 m. l. 110 br ch T. is Pleskow 17. Dukedom of Rescow on the S. E. of Pleskow 220 m. l. 70 br ch T. is Rescow 18. Principality of Bielski on the S. of Rescow 90 m. l. 45 br ch T. Bielski 19. Dukedom of Smolensko on the S. of Bielski and Resco 230 m. l. 80 br ch T. Smolensko and Mosaiske 20. Dukedom of Moscow on the N. E. of Smolensko 200 m. l. 140 br ch T. Moscow and Olesko 21. Dukedom of T wer on the N. W. of Moscow 120 m. l. 75. br ch T. is T wer 22. Dukedom of Rostow on the E. of T wer and N. of Moscow 175 m. l. 90 br ch T. is Rostow 23. Dukedom of Ieroslow on the N. of Rostow 150 m. l. 80 br ch T. is Ieroslow 24. Dukedom of Susdal on the E. of Ieroslow and Rostow 210 m. l. 145 br ch T. is Susdal 25. Dukedom of Wolidimer on the S. of Susdal 140 m. l. 85 br ch T. is Wolidimer 26. Dukedom of Nisi Novogrod on the E. of Susdal and Wolidimer 320 m. l. 200 br ch T. is Nisi Novogrod 27. Republick of Czeremissi Lognoisenne with Czeremissi Nagornoi on the E. of Nisi Novogrod ch T. 28. Kingdom of Cazan on the E. of the Czeremissi 340 m. l. 320 br once part of Tartary ch T. Cazan 29. D. of Bulgar with Pascater and Besegert on the S. E. of Cazan 550 m. l. 210 br taken from the Tartars ch T. is Bulgar 30. Kingdom of Astracan on the S. of Bulgar 540 m. l. 320 br also taken out of Tartary ch T. Astracan 31. Prov. of Pole on the N. W. of Astracan ch T. is Icoritz 32. Prov. of Okraina on the W. of Pole ch T. Biellogrod 33. Tartars of Mordwits on the N. E. of Okraina ch T. Moruma 34. Dukedom of Rezan on the W. of the Mordwitz and N. of Okraina 300 m. l. 95 br ch T. Rezan 35. Duke of Worotin or Severia on the W. of Rezan and Okrainia 300 m. l. and 160 br ch T. is Worotin 36. D. of Novogrod Sewarski on the W. of Worotin once part of Poland 160 m. l. 110 br ch T. Novogrod Sewarski 37. D. of Czernihow on the W. of Novogrod Sewarski also once part of Poland ch T. is Czernihow Rivers of principal note are four viz. 1. Wolga 2. Dwina 3. Tanais or Don and 4. part of Oby Mountains of greatest note are those which were called the Hyperborean and Riphean Mountains Lakes of chiefest note are 1. Belejezor● and 2. Ilmen with part of Ladoga and Onega Here is one Patriarch viz. Moscow 4 Archbishopricks 18 Bishopricks and no University 11. Poland THE Kingdom of Poland lies on the W. of Russia on the E. of Germany and N. of Turky in Europe situated between the 35th and 40 min. and the 58th and 28 min. of Lon and between the 57th and 25 min. and the 47th and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from the borders of Brandenburg to the E. parts of Vkrane about 880 miles the breadth from the N. parts of Curland to the S. parts of Russia Rubra about 580 miles It was part of the ancient Sarmatia Europea and part of the old Germany sometimes called Weonodland now Poland by the Natives Poloska by the Germans Die Polen and by the French Pologne It was anciently governed by Dukes for about 400 years and then by their Kings which Government still continues At present it is an aggregate Body of several Provinces united into one Estate the King is elective and must be

of the Roman Catholick Religion Part of this Country is under the K. of Sweden D. of Brandenburg and D. of Curland who is tributary and some parts of Vkrane is in a manner free The King's Seat is at Warsaw but the ch T. is Cracow The Inhabitants tolerate all Religions but the Roman Catholick is most predominant next that of the Greek Church Their Language is a Dialect of the Sclavonian or Sarmatian yet it differs much from it in some of the S. E. parts they speak the Cosack or Tartarian Their chief Commodities are Wax Linnen Boards Masts for Ships Pitch rich Furs Salt Amber Ashes Soap Corn Milk Butter Cheese Rozin c. It is divided into twelve great Provinces which are 1. Dukedom of Curland the most N. Pr. including the Pr. of Semigellin 220 m. l. 90 br ch T. are Mittaw and Godlingen reckoned by some a part of Livonia now under its own almost independent Dukes 2. Province of Samogitia on the S. of Curland sometimes as were several of these Provinces a part of Russia 195 m. l. 120 br divided into three Counties ch T. are Rossienne and Schovenden 3. Dukedom of Lithuania on the S. E. of Samogitia 440 m. l. 280 br It contains eleven Provinces the eight first being Palatinares 1. Polockzkien 2. Braslawen 3. Wilna 4. Troki 5. Novogrod 6. Minskien 7. Witepskien 8. Mscislawen 9. Ter. of Rzeczyca 10. D. of Sluczk 11. Ter. of Rohaczow ch T. are the same Wilna is ch T. of the whole 4. Dukedom of Prussia on the N. of Lithuania 250 m. l. 108 br divided into viz. 1. Royal Prussia including Pomerellia subject to the Swedes ch T. are Dantzick free Marienburg and Culm 2. Ducal Prussia under the D. of Brandenburg ch T. Koningsberg Elbing and Memel Ch. T. of the whole is Dantzick 5. Province of Poland part of old Germany on the S. of Prussia 320 m. l. 270 br divided into two parts viz. 1. Great Poland containing nine Palatinates viz. Posna Kalish Wladislaw Dobrzin Plocksko Brzestye or Cujavia Rava Lancicia and Siradia ch T. the same 2. Little Poland containing three Palatinates viz. Lublin Sandomir and Cracow ch T. the same Cracow is ch T. of the whole 6. Dukedom of Massovia or the Palatinate of Czersko on the E. of Poland and S. of Prussia some of it was part of the old Germany It is 140 m. l. 114 br ch T. are Warsaw Czersko and Blonicz 7. Polachia on the E. of Massovia and W. of Lithuania including the Palatinate of Bielskien 135 m. l. 48 br ch T. are Bielsko and Augustow 8. Polesia or the Palatinate of Bresisi on the E. of Polachia and S. W. of Lithuania 240 m. l. 86 br ch T. are Breste and Olewsko 9. Russia Rubra on the S. W. of Polesia 226 m. l. 175. br It contains three Palatinates viz. 1. Chelm ch T. Chelm 2. Belz ch T. Belz And 3. Lemburg in which is the Pro. of Pokatia ch T. Halicz ch T. Lemburg or Lwow the ch of the whole 10. Volhinia Superior or the Palatinate of Luceoria on the E. of Russia Rubra and S. of Polesia 280 m. l. 115 br ch T. are Lucko and Wlozimirz 11. Vkrane or Volhinia Inferior or the Palatinate of Kiow on the E. of Volhinia Superior partly under Russia 280 m. l. 180 br ch T. are Kiow and Czirkassi In this Province are the Cossacks in a manner free 12. Podolia on the S. of both Volhinias 350 m. l. 112 br containing 1. The Higher or the Pal. of Kaminieck ch T. Kaminieck and Bar. 2. The Lower or the Pal. of Braclaw ch T. Braclaw and Brailaw ch T. of both is Kaminieck Rivers of principal note are four viz. 1. Nieper 2. Wiessel 3. Niester and 4. Divina the less Chief Mountains are those called the Carpethian Hills dividing this Country from Turky in Europe Chief Lakes are 1. Beybas 2. Briale and 3. Goldo Archbishopricks 4 Bishopricks 24 Universities 5. 12. Turky in Europe UNder this Name I comprehend for Methods sake all those Provinces which lie between Poland Germany the Euxine Archepelago and Gulf of Venice Situated between the 36th and 56th degr of Lon. and between the 34th and 30 min. and the 49th and 20 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Hungary to Cape Matapan in Morea about 1000 miles and in breadth from the W. parts of Croatia to Oczacow in Bessarabia about 840 miles comprehending the Roman Diocesses of Macedonia Dacia Thrace with most of Illiricum It was anciently some part of the Macedonian Empire afterwards all under the Roman then a great part of it was overrun by the Goths Sclaves Huns and Bulgarians about Anno 1450. the Turks driving out the Eastern Emperours became Masters of a great part of it The rest is for the most part under the Emperour as of the House of Austria and the Venetians and some parts are free The Imperial Seat is at Constantinople The Inhabitants are both Christians and Mahomitans the former divided into Papists Protestants and Greek Church Their Language chiefly the Sclavonian or old Sarmatian and Turkish Besides these are the Epirotick Hungarian Illirian and Iazygian Tongues spoken in many of the less conquered places and in several places a corrupt Greek The chief Commodities of these parts are Metals Sulphur Vitriol Wines Oyl Velvits Damasks Turky Grograms c. It contains eighteen Provinces the twelve first make the Upper and the six last the Lower Turky Those parts that belong absolutely to the Turks are divided into four Governments or Beglerbegships viz. 1. Romellia containing Bulgaria Romania Macedonia Albania Canina Ianna Livadia and not long since Morea 2. Bosnia containing all Bosnia and part of Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia and Servia 3. Buda now much less than formerly containing the rest of Servia with part of Hungary and Sclavonia 4. Temeswar containing only three or four Counties in the Upper Hungary The eighteen Provinces are 1. Kingdom of Hungary the most N. W. Province containing part of ancient Panonia with some of Sarmatia and Dacia Ripensis 330 m. l. 200 br mostly under the Emperour Divided into 1. Upper containing thirty three Counties ch T. are Presburg and Cascaw under the Em. Temeswar and Waraden under the Turks 2. Lower containing fourteen Counties on the S. side of the Danow ch T. Buda and Gran under the Em. Alba Regalis and Sigeth under the Turks Buda is ch of both 2. Sclavonia or Windishland anciently Savia on the S. of Hungary by some reckoned a part thereof It is 225 m. l. 52 br It partly belongs to the Emperour and contains four Counties viz. Zagrab Posega Valpon and Szrem Ch. T. of the Turks are Gradisca and Sirmium ch T. of the Emperour are Posega and Zagrab Posega is ch T. of all 3. Croatia or Crabaten anciently Liburnia on the South of Sclavonia part of the old Dalmatia 120 m. l. 80 br The greatest part belongs to