Geography Anatomiz'd Or The Compleat Geographical Grammar Being a Short and Exact ANALYSIS Of the whole Body of Modern Geography after a New and Curious Method COMPREHENDING I. A General View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a Compendious System of the true Fundamentals of Geography Digested into various Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes With a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Earthly Ball as it consists of Land and Water II. A Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a clear and pleasant Prospect of all remarkable Countries upon the Face of the whole Earth Shewing their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Cities Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion Collected from the best Authors and Illustrated with divers Maps The Second Edition much Improv'd and Enlarg'd By PAT GORDON M. A. And Fellow of the Royal Society Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. Hor. LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and in Amen-Corner 1699. THE Geographical Grammar IMPRIMATUR Liber cui Titulus Geography Anatomiz'd c. John Hoskyns V. P. R. S. TO The Right Honourable THOMAS Lord Viscount Deerhurst Eldest Son and Heir Apparent of The Right Honourable THOMAS Earl of COVENTRY THIS New Edition of the following Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY is with the profoundest Respect Dedicated by Your Lordship's Most Humbly Devoted Servant PAT GORDON THE PREFACE MY principal Design in publishing the following Treatise is to present the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry with a Compendious Pleasant and Methodical Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY that most useful Science which highly deserves their Regard in a peculiar manner If it be alledg'd That the World is already overstockt with Composures of this Nature I freely grant the Charge but withal I 'll be bold to say That there 's none as yet publisht which is not palpably faulty in one or more of these three respects Either they are too Voluminous and thereby fright the Young Student from so much as ever attempting that Study Or Secondly too Compendious and thereby give him only a bare Superficial Knowledge of Things Or finally Confus'd being writ without any due Order or Method and so confound him before he is aware But all these are carefully avoided in the following Treatise for in framing of it I 've industriously endeavour'd to make it observe a just Mean between the two Extreams of a large Volume and a narrow Compend And as to the Method in which it now appears the same is I presume so Plain and Natural that I may safely refer the tryal thereof to the Impartial Judgment of the Severest Critick To descend to Particulars The whole consists now of Two Parts whereof the first gives a General and the second a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Part I. In giving a General View of the said Globe I 've perform'd these five Things viz. 1. I 've illustrated by way either of a Definition Description or Derivation all those Terms that are any ways necessary for the right understanding of the aforesaid Globle as also the Analytical Tables of the following Treatise 2. I 've set down all those pleasant Problems performable by the Terrestrial Globe together with the manner of their performance 3. I 've subjoin'd divers plain Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems 4. I 've advanc'd some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly I 've taken a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts This is the Substance of the first Part and before I proceed to the Second I must here desire the Reader may be pleas'd to observe these two Things viz. 1. That in defining the various Geographical Terms mention'd Sect. I. I have not strictly ty'd my self to the Logical Rules of a Definition for if the Term propos'd be only explain'd that is all required here 2. In advancing those Geographical Paradoxes mention'd Sect. iv which will probably so startle the Reader at first being a meer Novelty in Tracts of this kind as that he can't readily comprehend either their Meaning or Design let him therefore be pleas'd to know that the main Drift of such an uncommon Essay is in short To whet the Appetite of our Geographical Student for a compleat Understanding of the Globe upon a thorough Knowledge of which these seeming Mysteries do mainly depend or more briefly 't is to set our young Student a thinking Although the Soul of Man is a cogitating Being and its Thoughts so nimble as to surround the Universe it self in a trice yet so unthoughtful and strangely immur'd in Sense is the generality of Persons that they need some startling Noise like a sudden Clap of Thunder to rouse and awake them Now as a strange and unheard-off Phenomenon suddenly appearing in the Natural World doth attract the Eyes of all Men and raiseth a Curiosity in some to enquire into the Reason of it even so is the Proposal of a Paradoxical Truth to the Intellectual for it immediately summons all the Powers of the Soul together and sets the Understanding a-work to search into and Scan the Matter To awaken the Mind of Man to its Natural Act of Thought and Consideration may be justly reckon'd no trivial Business if we consider that 't is to the want thereof or a stupid Inconsideration that we may chiefly impute all the Enormities of Mankind whether in Judgment or Practice If therefore those Paradoxes above-mention'd shall obtain the End propos'd the rousing of the Mind to think it matters the less if some of them upon strict enquiry should be found to consist of Equivocal Terms or perhaps prove little more than a Quibble at the Bottom Proceed we now to Part II. Giving a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe By such a View I understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries and their Inhabitants on the Face of the whole Earth and that in these following Particulars viz. Their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion What is said upon each of those Heads will best appear by the following Table Concerning Situation are briefly declar'd The Degr. of Long. between which any Country lies Latit Extent Its due Dimentions from E. to W. in English Miles S. to N. Division 2 Things viz. The general Parts or Classes to which any Country is reducible How those Parts or Classes are most readily found Subdivision 2 Things viz. The particular Provinces which any Country contains How those Provinces are most readily found Chief Towns 2 Things viz. The Modern Names
readily found by travelling from the Mouth of the Rivers towards their Heads Therefore Remarkable Branches of the Dwina are Wayma Running S. W. Juga W. Volga are Sosowoia S. Occareca N. E. Seine are L'Oyse S. W. Marn Yonne N. W. Loir are Mayenne S. Le Sarte S. W. Le Loir Vienne N. W. Indre le Chere Allier Rhone are Durance S. W. Isere Saene S. Garrone are Dardonne W. Lot Tarne Danube are Pruth S. Misone S. E. Alouta S. Morawa N. Teyssa S. Drave E. Save Inn N. E. Iser Lech N. Iler Scheld are Ruppel running W. augmented by Senne N. Dyle Demer W. Dender N. Lis N. E. Scarpe Haisne W. Elme are Sost W. Haise Rhine are Lippe W Roer Moselle N. E. Lahn S. W. Maine W Neckar Maese are Dommel N. Niers N. W. Roer Ourt Sambre N. E. Semoy W Chiers Wiser are Aller W. augmented by Leine N. Ocker Fuld Elbe are Ilmenow N. W. Havel Saaldre N. Muldaw Oder are Warta W. Bober N. Westritz N. E. Nieper are Dizna S. W. Przypiecz or Pereptus N. E. Vistul is the Bugg N. turn W Niemen is the Vilna W. Ebro are Segre S. W. Cinca S. E. Gallega S. W. Xalo N. E. Guadalquivir Xenil W. Guardamena S. W. Guadiana are none remarkable Tago are Zatas W. Zezer S. Guadarran Xaruma Douro are Tonroes N. W. Tormes Arlanza S. W. Po are Oglio S E. Adda Tesine Tanero running E. turning N. augmented by Bormida  Stura N E. Sesia S. E. Dora Baltea Adige is Bachiglione S. Arno are Elsa N. W. Sieve E. turning S. Tiber are Quartitio W. Nera S. W. Chiane S. E. Volturno its chief Branch is Sabate W. These are all the Remarkable Branches of the Chief Rivers on the Continent of Europe And thus we are come to a Period not only of this Section but also of the First Part of this Treatise having now perform'd those five Things at first propos'd which was to entertain the Reader with some Geographical Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes as also a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water And so much for a General View thereof Now followeth Modern Geography PART II. Comprehending a PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE Terraqueous GLOBE BY a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe we understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries on the Face of the whole Earth according as they are represented by particular Geographical Maps as also a true and compendious Narrative of the chief Observables relating either to them or their Inhabitants All which may be briefly reduc'd to these following Heads viz. their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion In taking such a Prospect of all remarkable Countries we shall begin with Europe and travel through the various Divisions thereof in the same order as they are set down page 43. Therefore CHAP. I. Of EUROPE The Continent of Europe being divided Pag. 43. into VIII great Parts Viz Scandinavia Swedeland Capital City Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Moscovia or Russia Moscow France Paris Germany Vienna Poland Cracow Spain Madrid Italy Rome Turky in Europe Constantinople To these add the European Islands The Chief of which are Great Britain Cap. C. Those of London Edinburgh Ireland That of Dublin Of all these in their proper Places SWEDEN NORWAY SECT I. Concerning Scandinavia  d. m.  Miles Situated between 26 20 of Long. It s greatest Length is about 1030. 53 10 between 54 10 of Lat. Breadth is about 840. 71 06 Divided into the Kingdoms of Swedeland Ch. T. Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Swedeland comprehends Scania Chief Town Lunden from S. to N. Gothland Calmar Swedeland prop. Stockholm Lapland Tornia Finland Abo from N. to S. Ingria Notteborg or Oresca 〈◊〉 Riga Denmark â—â—â—tland Sleswick from W. to E. 〈◊〉 Islands Copenhagen Norway comprehends five Governments Of which hereafter More Particularly §. 1. SWEDELAND Scania contains the Provinces of Halland Ch. Town Helmstat W. to E. Bleking Christianstat Schonen Lunden Southward Gothland contains the Provinces of Vermelandia Chief Town Carolstadt N. to S. in the West part Dallia Daleburge Westrogoth Gottenburge Ostrogothia Norkoping N. to S. in th E. part Swedeland Smalandia Calmar Swedeland properly so call'd contains the Provinces of Sudermania Nikoping from S. to N. Nericia Orebro Westmania Arosen Uplandia those of Opsal and Stockolm Gestricia Geval Dalcarlia Hedemore Helsingia Hadswickwalt Medelpandia Selanger Jemptia Ressundt Angermannia Hernosand Lapland contains the Provinces of Uma Lapmark Uma from S. to N. Pitha-Lapmark Pitha Lula-Lapmark Lula Tornia-Lapmark Tornia Kimi-Lapmark Kimi Finland contains the Provinces of Cajania Cajaneburgh upon the Ula N. Finland Biorneberge W. to E. Tavastia Tavastus Savolaxia Nyslot Kexholmia Kexholm Carelia Wiborg E. to W. Nylandia Borgo S. Finland Abo Ingria contains the Provinces of Ingria propria Orcsca or Notteborg N. to S. W. Ingermania Caporio Solouski Juanagorod Livonia contains the Provinces of Lettenland Riga S. to N. Estland Narva §. 2. DENMARK Being divided into The Peninsula of Juitland The Danish Islands The Peninsula of Juitland comprehends North Juitland Ch. Town Wiborg South Juitland Sleswick D. of Holstein of which in Lower Saxony Juitland divided into North comprehends the Diocesses of Aalborg Chief Town Idem from N. to S. Wiborg Idem Arhusen Aarhus Ripen Idem South comprehends the Praefectures of Hedersleve Idem from N. to S. upon the Baltick Sea Appenrade Idem Flemborge Idem Gottorpe Sleswick Tonderen Idem N. to S. upon the Germany Sea Husum Idem Eyderstede Tonningen The chief of the Danish Islands are Zeland Funen c. Of which hereafter when we come to treat of Islands §. 3. NORWAY Divided into the Governments of Bahus Chief Town Idem S. to N. E. Aggerus Agger Bergenus Bergen Dronthemus Dronthem Wardus Idem This vast Continent of Scandinavia comprehending as aforesaid three distinct Kingdoms viz. those of Swedeland Denmark and Norway Of each of these seperately and in their Order Therefore §. I. SWEDELAND THIS Country formerly Succia a Part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Suezia by the Spaniards Suedia by the French Suede by the Germans Schweden and by the English Sueden or Swethland so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Sueones Suevi or Suethidi with the Addition of Land for Termination The Air of this Country is generally very Cold but if not too nigh some Lake or Marish very pure and wholesome yea so healthful to breath in that many of its Inhabitants do frequently live to an hundred years especially they who abstain from excessive drinking a thing too much practis'd by many of them The Antipodes to this People or the opposite Place of the Globe to Swedeland is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean comprehended between the 220th and 230th Degree of Longitude with 50 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this
and Hola Archbishopricks and Universities none The Ice-landers being Persons of a middle Stature but of great Strength are generally reckon'd a very ignorant and superstitious Sort of People They commonly live to a great Age and many value themselves not a little for their Strength of Body Both Sexes are much the same in Habit and their chief Imployment is Fishing The Danes here residing do usually speak as in Denmark As for the Natives they still retain the old Gothick Tongue This Island being subject to the Danish Crown is govern'd by a particular Vice-Roy sent thither by the King of Denmark whose place of Residence is ordinarly in Bestode-Castle For Arms. Vid. Denmark page 69. The Inhabitants of this Island who own Allegiance to the Danish Crown are generally the same in Religion with that profess'd in Denmark as for the uncivilized Natives who commonly abscond in Dens and Caves they still adhere to their Ancient Idolatry as in former times When Christianity was first introduc'd into this Island is not very certain §. 3. The Azores They are in Number 9. viz. St. Michael Found from E. to W. Chief Town of all is Angra in Tercera St. Maria Tercera Gratiosa St. George Pico Fyal Flores Cuervo THESE Islands taken by some for the Cathiterides of Ptolomy are term'd by the Italians Flandrice Isola by the Spaniards Los Azores by the French Les Azores by the Germans Flandersche Insuln and by the English The Azores so call'd by their Discoverers the Portugueze from the abundance of Hawks found in them By others they 're term'd the Terceres from the Island Tercera being chief of all the rest The Air of these Islands inclining much to Heat is tollerably good and very agreeable to the Portugueze The oposite Place of the Globe to the Azores is that Part of Terra Australis Incognita lying between the 165 and 175 Degrees of Longitude with 35 and 41 Degrees of South Latitude These Islands are bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing abundance of Grain Wine and Fruit besides great plenty of Wood. The length of the Days and Nights in the Azores is the same as in the middle Provinces of Spain lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief thing exported from these Islands is Oad for Diers and that in great abundance together with variety of choice Singing Birds Here are several Fountains of hot Water and one in Tercera of a petrifying Nature The Island Tercera is also remarkable for being the place of the first Meridian according to some Modern Geographers Here is one Bishoprick viz. That of Angra under the Archbishop of Lisbone The Inhabitants of these Islands being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Contient The Portugueze here residing do still retain and speak their own Language These Islands being inhabited and possess'd by the Portugueze are subject to the Crown of Portugal and rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither from that Court who ordinarily refides at Angra in Tercera The Inhabitants of these Islands being Portugueze as aforesaid stick close to the Roman Religion and that in its grossest Errors as universally profess'd and by Law establish'd in the Kindom of Portugal §. 4. Mediterranean Islands ON the South of Europe are the Islands of the Mediterranean Sea The chief of which are these following Viz. Majorca Chief Town Idem Lying E. of Valencia Minorca Citadella Yvica Idem Corsica Bastia Lying S. of Genoua Sardignia Cagliari Sicily Palermo Lying S. W. of Naples Malta Idem Candia Idem lying S. of The Archipelago Cyprus Nicosia Anatolia Of all which in Order beginning with Majorca Minorca and Yvica EACH of these Islands hath almost the same Modern Appellation among the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English and were all known of old by the Name of Baleares which is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying to Dart or Throw because their Inhabitants were famous for their Dexterity in throwing the Dart. The Air of these Islands is much more temperate to breath in than any where on the Adjacent Continent being daily fann'd by cool Breezes from the Sea The opposite Place of the Globe to the Baleares is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 200 and 205 Degrees of Longitude with 35 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude The two former of these Islands are somewhat Mountainous and Woody but the last is more plain and extreamly fertil both in Corn Wine and divers sort of Fruits It likeways so aboundeth with Salt that divers Neighbouring Countries are suppli'd from thence From these Islands are exported to several Parts of Europe Salt Wine Brandy Coral with variety of Fruits c. On the Coasts of Majorca is found abundance of excellent Coral for which the Inhabitants frequently fish with good success Yvica is said to nourish no noxious Animal and yet Formentera an Adjacent Island and one of the Baleares is so infested with Serpents that the same is uninhabited In these Islands is one Bishoptick viz. that of Majorca under the Archbishop of Terragon where is also a famous University The Inhabitants of these Islands being Spaniards are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent What was just now said of the Spaniards on these Islands in respect of Manners the same may be affirm'd of 'em in Point of Language These Islands being annext to the Crown of Spain are rul'd by one or more Governors sent thither by his Catholick Majesty and generally renew'd every third Year The Inhabitants of these Islands being Spaniards are all of the Roman Communion and as bigotted Zealots for the Popish Doctrine as elsewhere on the Continent They receiv'd the Light of the Blessed Gospel much about the same time with Spain Corsica and Sardignia THE former of these Islands call'd first by the Greeks Tercepne and afterwards Cyrne from Cyrnus reckon'd by some a Son of Hercules is now term'd Corsica from Corsa Bubulca a certain Woman of Liguria who is said to have led a Colony out of that Country hither And the other according to the Opinion of its Inhabitants is call'd Sardignia from Sardus another Son of Hercules who they say was the first that settled a Colony therein and gave it this Name in Memory of himself The Air of these Islands is universally reckon'd to be very unhealthful especially that of Corsica which is the reason of its being so thinly inhabited The opposite Place of the Globe to them is that part of Nova Zelandia or Adjcent Ocean between 210 and 215 Degrees of Longitude with 37 and 43 Degrees of South Latitude These Islands differ mightily in Soil the former being for the most part very Stony full of Woods and lying uncultivated but the other very fertil affording abundance of Corn Wine and Oyl c. The length of the Days
about their Cattle and Slaves yet unanimous enough to defend themselves against the Invasion of Strangers Some formerly reckon'd six Sovereign Princes or Kings in Madagascar others four but now every Province hath its particular Governor having under him various Filoubei i. e. Governors of Villages and Castles who stand accountable to him in every thing Arms. None The Inhabitants of this Island are either Pagans or Mahometans except those People living upon the Eastern Coasts between fifteen and eighteen Degrees and an half of South Latitude term'd Zaffehibraim i. e. the Race of Abraham and others on the Adjacent Island call'd Nossi-Hibraim i. e. The Isle of Abraham who differ extreamly from their Neighbours in Religious Matters For many of 'em are said to observe the Jewish Sabbath and give not only a faint Account of the Creation of the World and Fall of Man but also a few broken Passages of the Sacred History concerning Noah and Abraham Moses and David Whence divers Travellers conjecture that they 're originally descended of some Jews who might have been droven upon that part of the Island none knows how nor when § 2. Cape Verde Islands THESE Islands the Hesperides of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Isola di Capo Verde by the Spaniards Islas de Cabo-verde by the French les Isles du Cape Verde by the Germans Cape Verde Insuln and by the English Cape Verde Islands so call'd from the opposite Cape in Negroe-Land which beareth that Name and that because it is or appeareth always of a Green Colour The Air of these Islands is generally reckon'd very unwholesome especially in S. Jago the biggest and chief of them all The opposite Place of the Globe to Cape Verde Islands is part of the West American Ocean lying between 170 and 180 Degrees of Longitude with 10 and 20 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of these various Islands is not the same in all some of 'em being very Fertil and others extreamly Barren The length of the Days and Nights in them is the same as in the Land of the Negroes they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude From these Islands the Portùgueze transport incredible quantities of Salt as also great numbers of Goat-Skins of which they make excellent Cordevants and likeways from thence may be brought most sorts of pleasant Fruits particularly Lemons Citrons Oranges Coco's Figs and Melons The most remarkable of these Islands is the Isle de Fuego or Fogo so call'd as being a noted Vulcano continually sending up Sulphurious Exhalations and sometimes the Flame breaks out Aetna or Vesuvius like in such a terrible manner and Vomits forth such a number of Pumice-Stones that it annoys all the Adjacent Parts In Insula de Sel are many Natural Salt-pits which yield a prodigious Quantity of Salt from whence the Island derives its Name Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitans of these Islands being Portugueze are much the same with those on the Continent The Inhabitants of these Islands being Portugueze as a foresaid do still retain their own Language These Islands at their first discovery being destitute of Inhabitants were peopl'd by their Discoverers the Portugueze and at present belong to the Crown of Portugal and are rul'd by a particular Governor who assumeth the Title of Vice-Roy and commonly resideth in the Island St. Jago The Portugueze here residing are of the same Religion with those in Portugal § 3. The Canary Islands THESE Islands the Insulae Fortunatae of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Isola di Canaria by the Spaniards Islas Canarias by the French les Isles Canaries by the Germans Canarische Insuln and by the English the Canary Islands so call'd from the chief Island Canaria which deriv'd its Name from Can i. e. Dog in Spanish because a vast number of Dogs were found thereon by the Spaniards at their first discovery of it The Air of these Islands inclining to heat is generally esteem'd extraordinary wholesome The opposite Place of the Globe to the Canary Islands is that part of the vast Occidental Ocean lying between 180 and 190 Degrees of Longitude with 25 and 35 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of most of 'em is wonderfully fertil In the Island Canaria they have commonly two Harvests in the Year Teneriffe is noted not only for its high Pike of which afterwards but also many Laurel and Dragon Trees where the sweet Singing-birds do daily warble their pleasant Notes These Islands besides their great plenty of Fruits and Grain are famous for producing the best Wine in the World The length of Days and Nights in them is the same as in Bildulgerid on the Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Wine Honey Wax Sugar Oad Plantons Dragons-blood Canary-birds c. Among the Rarities of these Islands is reckon'd a certain Tree in the middle of Fero term'd Garoe by the Natives and by the Spaniards Santo whose Top is said to be encompass'd every Night with a thick misty Cloud which condensing into Water doth drop from the Leaves the next Morning and that in such quantity as sufficiently serveth all the Inhabitants the Island it self being destitute of Springs As for the Isle of Teneriffe 't is famous all the World over for its prodigious Pike which appearing to the Eye as a large Mass of many Rocks promiscuously heap'd up in Form of a ruggid Pyramide is thought by some curious Naturalists to have been rais'd on a sudden by a mighty Conslagration of much subterraneous Sulphurous Matter whose forcible Eruption the very Rocks themselves could not withstand but were thereby pil'd up in the manner they now appear For strengthning of this Conjecture they alledge the great Quantity of Sulphure with which this Island doth still abound especially nigh the foot of the Pike and the Colour of the Rocks themselves many of 'em seeming to Spectators as if long burnt in a Fire In these Islands is only one Bishoprick viz. that of Canaria The Inhabitants of these Islands being mostly Spaniards are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent The few Natives yet remaining term'd Guanchas do mostly reside in Mountains Dens and Caves The Spaniards here residing do still retain their own Language These Islands belong to the King of Spain who for the better ordering of Affairs in them doth always keep a Governor in Canaria the chief Town of the chief Island His Power extendeth over all these Islands in Affairs both Civil and Ecclesiastical The Inhabitants of these Islands as aforesaid being mostly Spaniards are of the same Religion with those in Spain §. 4. Madera or Madera's THIS Island not observable of old is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Madera by the French Madre by the Germans Maderen and by the English the Madera or Madera's so
sorts of our English Grain and those Parts possess'd by the French produce some plenty of Vines This Island is sufficiently stockt with Deer Hares Otters Foxes c. Here also is abundance of Land and Water-Fowl but above all things its Coasts are surrounded with incredible multitudes of Cod-Fish The length of the days and Nights in New-found-Land is the same as in the Southmost parts of England and Northern of France they all lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The Commodities of this Island are principally Furs Whale-Oyl and Cod-Fish especially the latter whereof there is such plenty that the Fishing and bringing of them to Europe particularly the Streights is now grown to a settl'd and very advantageous Trade Nothing here deserves the Epithet of Rare unless we reckon that prodigious large Bank of Sand upon the South-East of the Island about 300 miles in length and upwards of 75 in breadth where broadest remarkable for those vast multitudes of Bacalaos or Cod-Fish and Peer John which are taken in great numbers by divers European Nations who yearly resort hither for that end So thick do those Fishes sometimes swarm upon this Bank that they retard the passage of Ships sailing over the same Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Island are for the Plurality of 'em Persons of a middle Stature broad-face'd and those of the Masculine Sex are usually beardless They generally colour their Faces with Oker and for Cloathing use Skins of Wild Beasts They live by ten or twelve Families together in poor Cabbins made of Poles in form of our Arbours and cover'd with Skins They ordinarily imploy themselves in Hunting as most of the other Americans usually do The English and French here residing are much the same with those in Europe All that can be said of the Language here commonly us'd among the Natives is that 't is a certain Dialect of the Indian Tongue which prevails among all the Indian Inhabitants with little variation of Accent in the various Parts of the Island The Europeans here residing do still retain the maternal Language of the respective Countries from whence they came In the Year 1623. Sir George Calvert Principal Secretary of State having obtain'd a Patent for a Part of Newfoundland erected the same into a Province call'd Avalon and therein settl'd a Plantation which after him was enjoy'd by his Son Caecilius Lord Baltimore This Island was set upon and master'd by the French in the late tedious War but speedily retaken by the English who are now in full Possession of what they formerly enjoy'd The Natives of this Island upon its first discovery were found to acknowledge a Supreme Being whom they own'd as the Creator of all things but err'd extremely in their Apprehensions about the manner of the Creation alledging that Men and Women were at first made of a certain number of Arrows stuck fast in the Ground They generally believe the Immortality of the Soul and that the Dead go into a far Country there to make merry as they think with their Friends §. 3. Cuba THIS Island discovered by the Spaniards Anno 1494. is term'd by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English Cuba Which Name is the same it had when first discover'd being so call'd by the Natives and neighbouring Islanders what may be the Etymology of that Indian Appellation we know not The Air of this Island considering its small Latitude is very temperate being mightily qualifi'd by Vapours that daily ascend from the Earth The opposite Place of the Globe to Cuba is that part of the East-Iudian Ocean lying between 110 and 120 Degrees of Longitude with 20 and 23 Degrees of South Latitude This Island lying in the same Climate with the Northern Part of New Spain is not so fertil in Grain as Wood being generally cover'd over with Trees some of which do drop the purest Rozin Here is great plenty of Fish and Flesh and in some Parts are divers kinds of excellent Fruits The length of the Days and Nights in Cuba is much the same as in the North of New Spain they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Gold Ginger Cassia Mastick Aloes Cinamon Sugar c. The most remarkable thing in this Island is a noted Bituminous Fountain out of which there flows a sort of Pitchy Substance commonly us'd for calking of Ships Here also is a Valley full of Flint-Stones of different sizes and those by nature so round that they may serve as Bullets for most sorts of Cannons Vid. Heylin's Cosmog page 1079. In this Island is one Bishoprick viz. that of St. Jago Suffragan to the Archbishop of St. Domingo in Hispaniola The Inhabitants of this Island being for the most part Spaniards are the same in Manners with those on the Continent The Spaniards here residing do still retain and commonly use the Spanish Tongue This Island was formerly govern'd by certain Caciques or Captains but is now wholly subject to the King of Spain who still keeps a particular Governor in it whose ordinary Residence is in that Great and Populous City Havana The Spaniards here residing are of the same Religion with that establish'd and universally profess'd in Spain §. 4. Jamaica THIS Island first discovered by Columbus in his Second Voyage to America and brought into Possession of the English by Penn and Venables in the time of Oliver Cremwell is term'd Jamaica by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English It was at first call'd St. Jago by Columbus which Name was afterwards chang'd into that of Jamaica after King James then Duke of York when it had been subjected for some time to the Crown of England The Air of this Island is more temperate than in most of the neighbouring Islands the Heat thereof being much allay'd by fresh Easterly Breezes that blow in the Day-time and the frequent Showers that fall in the Night Hurricanes and Earthquakes so frequent in the Caribbees are seldom heard of here whereupon we may justly impute that terrible Earthquake Anno 1693. rather to a Moral than a Natural Cause viz. the many and horrid Abominations abounding among the Inhabitants whith without doubt did loudly call for Judgements from Heaven The opposite Place of the Globe to Jamaica is part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 110 and 120 Degrees of Longitude with 17 and 20 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Island is extraordinary rich and fertil producing great quantity of Corn Herbs and Fruits abounding also in Sugar Cotton Tobacco various kinds of Spices with divers sorts of Physical Drugs and Gums as Sumach Guiacum Aloes Benjamin Sarsaparilla c. The large and pleasant Fields appear constantly Green and Springing they being well stockt with variety of Trees and Plants which are never disrob'd of their Summer-Liveries Here likeways are
Regiments of Horse and 〈◊〉 of Foot always in â—â—â—diness upon a call The Laws by which this Island are govern'd except some By-Acts which immediately concern the Plantation are the same with those of England The Island bâ—ing divided into four Circuits in each of them is establish'd an Inferior Court of Judicatory for hearing all manner of Civil Causes From which Courts Appeals may be made to the Supreme Court and for due Administration of Justice in Criminal Matters here are yearly held five Sessions When there appears a real Necessity of making new Laws which must never contradict those of England or abrogating old ones the Governor calls an Assembly for that end This Assembly resembles in some manner our English Parliament for the Governor being reckon'd Supreme those of his Council are as so many Peers and two Burgesses chosen out of each Parish represent the Body of the People The English here residing make Profession of the same Religion with that generally own'd and by Law establish'd in England As for the Negroe-Slaves their Lot hath hitherto been and still is to serve such Christian Masters who sufficiently declare what Zeal they have for their Conversion by unkindly using a Serious Divine some time ago when only proposing to endeavour the same §. 8. The Lucayes THE Lucayes so call'd from Lucayone the biggest of 'em all are those several Islands lying North of Cuba and Hispaniola They belong mostly to the Spaniards and the chief of them Are those of Bahama Extended from the E. of Tegesta in Florida to the N. of Hispaniola Lucayone aliter New Providence Cignateo Eleutheria Guanahani St. Salvador Yuma Samana Maiaguana Of these Islands Bahama may be reckon'd the most remarkable and that chiefly for the famous rapid Channel between that Island and the Main through which the Spanish Fleets usually pass in their return from Mexico to Europe A Passage equally fatal to the Spaniard as fortunate to the English Fatal to the former for some dreadful Shipwracks sustain'd therein and fortunate to the latter for vast quantities of Plate recover'd by skilful Divers This Island is also observable for several uncommon Insects found upon it particularly the Bahama-Spider already mention'd Pags 341. § 9. The Sotovento THE Sotovento Islands are those lying along the Northern Coast of Terra Firma They belong mostly to the Spaniards and receiv'd the Title Sotovento quasi sub vento from them because they appear to the Leeward of their Fleet coming down before the Wind to enter the Gulf of Mexico The chief of such Islands Are those of Trinidada Found from E. to W. Margarita Tortuga Orchilla Rocca Bonayrc Curacao Oruba Trinidada term'd by the Natives Samsonate is observable for being a noted place of Bartery between the Inhabitants of New Spain and those of Peru. And Margarita is much frequented upon the account of Pearl Fishery from whence it derives its Name The rest are not of any great moment § 10 Bermudas THIS little Cluster of Islands lying about five hundred Leagues East of Florida is term'd by the Italians Bermuda by the French Bermudes by the Spaniards Germans and English Bermudas So call'd from one John Bermudas a Spaniard who made the first Discovery of them They are otherways term'd the Summer Islands from S r. George Summers an Englishman who suffer'd Shipwrack near to them Anno 1609. The Air of these Islands is reckon'd extraordinary healthful to breath in the Sky being almost always Serene and Smiling But when overcast at any time then they 're sure of a terrible Tempest attended with frightful Claps of Thunder and Flashes of Lightning So healthful are these Islands to breath in that their Inhabitants now in number about four or five thousand are seldom visited with Sickness and generally arrive to a good old Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Bermudas is that part of the vast East-Indian Ocean lying between 134 and 138 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 35 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these Islands is extraordinary fertil yielding the Labourer two Crops every Year which they commonly reap in the Months of July and December Of so rich a Mould is the Arable Ground in this Island that it affords neither Sand Flints Peebles nor Stones so hard as are fit to grind Knives They are well furnisht with variety of Fruits Roots Fish and Fowl together with great store of Hogs and excellent sweet-scented Cedar The length of the Days and Nights in Bermudas is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Florida they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Oranges Cochineel Tobacco Cedar-Wood some Pearls and Amber-Gris in considerable quantity c. Observable are these Islands for nourishing no venemous Creature none such being found upon them nor able to live if brought thither Here indeed are many Spiders but those no ways poisonous and very remarkable for their Webs having the resemblance of Raw-Silk and woven so strong that little Birds are sometimes entangled in them 2. If Wells are dug in Bermudas above the Surface of the surrounding Ocean the Water is sweet and fresh but lower then salt or breckish and all of them have some sensible Flux and Reflux with the Sea 3. Upon the Coast of these Islands is sometimes taken that remarkable Fish term'd the File-Fish being so call'd from a part of his Back-Bone which hath the exact resemblance of a File Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of these Islands being English are much the same in Manners and Way of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants of Bermudas in respect of Manners the same may be affirm'd of them in Point of Language These Islands being wholly subject and of right belonging to the Crown of England are rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by the King of England The Religion here establisht and publickly profess'd is the Protestant according to the Reformation of the Church of England §. 11. Terra del Fuogo THIS is a large Triangular Island or as some think several lying on the South part of America and separated from the main Continent by the Streights of Magellan It 's call'd by the Name of Terra del Fuogo because it seems the first Discoverers thereof did observe some considerable Vulcano's upon it Out Knowledge of this Island and its Inhabitants is at best but very uncertain almost every new Adventurer in these Parts of the World giving us a new Relation of Things Whosoever therefore desires a certain or satisfactory Account must defer his Enquiry to the better Discovery of After-times And so much for America and its Islands AN APPENDIX Comprehending A brief Account of the European Plantations in Asia Africk and America As also some Reasonable Proposals for the Propagation of the Blessed Gospel in all Pagan Countries IN running over the
improve those choice Opportunities now in our hands for the singular Glory of our Great God and of Jesus Christ our Blessed Redeemer And let our Planters duly consider That to extirpate Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a new Colony and that it 's far more honourable to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans Each Convert is a Conquest FINIS CORRIGENDA PAge 50. line 15. for Lancashire read Westmorland p. 70. l. 1. r. Escutcheon p. 74. l. 2. dele § 2. p. 77. l. 7. r. Dominions p. 111. l. 31. r. Religion p. 112. l. 7. r. Buc. p. 116. l. 36. r. Mount p. 120. l. 21. r. Salizburg p. 127. l. 13. r. Cujavia p. 143. l. 16. r. strip him p. 153. l. 37. r. Agrippina p. 176. l. 11. r. He proceedeth p. 192. l. 34. r. Kinross p. 206. l. 15 22. r. Villages p. 235. l. 32. r. very p. 265. l. 40. r. Tapestry p. 292. l. 7. r. Thirteen p. 330. l. 24. r. Archbishoprick Wheresoever the word its importing the Verb Est is found read it either at length it is or contractedly thus it 's or 't is as p. 3. l. 37. f. it s term'd r. it 's or 't is or it is term'd and so in other places To the BOOK-BINDER Place the Maps in Order following The Map of The World Page 1 Europe 59 Scandinavia or Sweden and Norway 61 Moscovia 73 France 79 Germany 95 Poland 125 Spain 133 Italy 145 Turky in Europe 165 Scotland 187 England 197 Ireland 211 Asia 237 Africa 293 America 333 BOOKS Printed for Thomas Cockerill in Amen Corner THE Works of Mr. Charnock In Two Volumes Folio Re-printing Geography Rectified Or a Description of the World in all its Kingdoms Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bays Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs and Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures compared with those of London Illustrated with Seventy eight Maps The whole Work performed to the more accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By Robert Morden Quarto Sermons preached on Several Occasions The Third Volume By John Conant D. D. Published by John Lord Bishop of Chichester A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Lady Lane late Wife of the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Lane Kt. and Alderman of the City of London who died November 29. 1698. And of John Lane late Father of the said Sir Thomas Lane who died the 8th of December following Published at the Request of the Relations By Nathanael Taylor Quarto Familiaria Colloquia Opera Christopheri Helvici D. c. Professoris Giessensis Olim Ex. Erasmo Roterodamo Ludovici Vive c. Scottano Hasso Selecta Editio Decima quarta ad pristiva Exemplaria Denuo Recognita English Exercises for School-Boys to Translate into Latin Comprizing all the Rules of Grammar and other necessary Observations ascending gradually from the meanest to higher Capacities By J. Garretson School-Master The Seventh Edition Twelves The School of Manners or Rules for Childrens Behaviour By the Author of the English Exercises The Second Edition A Practical Grammar or the easiest and shortest way to initiate Young Children in the Latin Tongue By the help whereof a Child of Seven Years old may learn more of the Grounds of that Language in three Months than is ordinarily learnt in a Years space by those of greater Age in common Grammar-Schools Published for the Use of such as love not to be tedious To which is added Tables of Mr. Walker's Particles By the Assistance whereof young Scholars may be the better enabled to peruse that most Excellent and Useful Treatise By J. Philamoth Master of a Free-School The Second Edition Memoirs of the Countess Dunois Author of the Lady's Travels into Spain Written by her self before her Retirement By way of Answer to Monsieur St. Evremont Containing withal a Modest Vindication of the Female Sex more frequently injured by Imprudence and Misconstruction than defect of Virtue Made English from the Original a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 7. a Prob. 23. a Prob. 24. a Prob. 25. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 31. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. c Prob. 29 31. a Prob 6. b Prob. 37. a Prob. 38. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 38. c Prob. 9. Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Artns. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Languages Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Scil. Commodities 〈◊〉 Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil 〈…〉 Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishoprick Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Riligion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name
Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Bishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Ráritics Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Manners Archbishopricks c. Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Arbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Raritics Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks c. Manners Language Commodities Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishoprick Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. 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of those Towns How such Towns are most readily found Name 3 Things viz. How term'd by the Ancients The various Modern Appellations The Etymology of the English Name Air 2 Things viz. It s Nature as to Heat and Cold c. The Antipodes of that part of the Globe Soil 3 Things viz. The proper Climate thereof It s natural Product The Extent of Days and Nights Commodities Those in particular which the Country produceth Rarities 2 Things viz. Those of Nature where certain Those of Art especially Monuments of Antiquity Archbishopricks 2 Things viz. their Number Bishopricks 2 Things Universities 2 Things Names Manners 2 Things viz. The Natural Temper of the People The most noted Customs Language 2 Things viz. It s Composition and Propriety Pater-Noster as a Specimen thereof Government 2 Things viz. It s Nature or Real Constitution The Publick Courts of Judicatory Arms. 2 Things viz. The true Coat quartered The proper Motto Religion 2 Things viz. The chief Tenets thereof When and by whom Christianity was planted if ever The Reader can't here exspect a very large Account of all these several Heads it being impossible in so little room as the narrow Compass of a Compend allows to say the half of what might be said upon many of them however he may here find all those things that are most essential These few Sheets being an Abstract of what is more largely express'd in the greatest Volums Several of those Heads abovemention'd being Subjects that don't much admit of new Relations I reckon my self no Plagiary to grant that I 've taken th' assistance of others esteeming it needless sometimes to alter the Character either of a People or Country when I found it succinctly worded by a credible Pen. Here the Reader may be pleas'd to know That in treating of all Countries I 've made their Situation my only Rule beginning still with those towards the North excepting North America where I thought good to end at the Pole But as touching the Analytical Tables of this Treatise the main Business of the Book their Design and Use in short is To present to the Eye at one view a compleat Prospect of a Country in all its remarkable Divisions Subdivisions and Chief Towns with the manner how all these are most readily found The Letters of N. S. W. E. signifying the four Cardinal and N. W. N. E. S W. S. E. the four Intermediate Points of the Compass being affixt to the outside of the various Braces in the aforesaid Tables do express the Situation of the Parts of any Country there mention'd as page 44. where the Divisions of Africa are said to be found from N. to S. If only Cities and Towns and no Divisions of a Country are set down then these Letters have the same Relation to them shewing their Situation in respect of one another If a little Brace fall within a greater as page 44. where Egypt and Barbary have their peculiar Brace this is to show that those two Countries are taken together and consider'd as one Division when reckon'd with the following Countries in respect of their Situation express'd on the backside of the outmost Brace the same is to be said of Cities and Towns if only such are set down But finally if neither Divisions nor Towns can be so ordered as to have their Situation express'd in a conjunct manner then the respective Distance of such Towns from some remarkable City is particularly declar'd in English Miles as page 144. where those in the Circle of Suabia are so set down If it be objected that not all but only the Chief Towns of every Country are mention'd in these Tables To this I answer That to mention all were needless for I presume that he who knows the true Situation of the fifty two Counties of England and can readily point at the Chief Town in each of 'em may easily find any other in the same County if express'd in the Map Besides the business of a Geographical Tract is not so much to heap up a vast multitude of Names as to shew the Divisions and Subdivisions of every Country with the Principal Town in each of 'em and how all such are most readily found If it be farther objected that neither the Analytical Tables of this Treatise nor the various Descriptions of Countries annext to them are any thing of a new Discovery in the Science of Geography but only the bare Crambe recocta of those who have gone before us To this I answer That the Tables are indeed materially the same with others and otherways it cannot be unless we of this Age were so extremely fortunate as to make a compleat Discovery of all the Countries and Towns as yet unknown or so absurdly ridiculous as to Coin new Names for those we know already yet notwithstanding of this they are highly preferable to all others whatsoever For such Tables hitherto publish'd whether English French or Dutch being only a bare Catalogue of Names confus'dly set down without any due Order and Method are of so little use to the Reader that his Pains are still the same as before to find out those Names in the Map Whereas the Tables of the following Treatise are so contriv'd by particular Directions on the out-side of their respective Braces that he may point at those various Countries and Towns in the Map almost as fast as he can read their Names in the Table And as touching the Descriptions of those Countries and their Inhabitants 't were indeed most unreasonable to exspect a Narrative of them compleately new unless it be in those Countries which have undergone such wonderful Changes that the very face of Things is compleatly New or some remote Parts of the World where latter Intelligence hath rectifi'd former Mistakes Besides 't is not so much my present Design in the following Tract to present the Reader with perfectly new Relations except in such Cases abovemention'd as to Abridge and Methodize those already known And this sufficiently answers the proposed End of the Treatise being calculated as I already binted for those who are mere Strangers to Geography or at least but young Proficients in that excellent Science I mean the generality of them who either attend our Publick Schools or Study under the Care and Conduct of private Tutors And so much for the Second Part. To these Two Parts is annext an Appendix comprehending the European Plantations whether Countries Towns or Factories in Asia Africa and America As also some Proposals I hope very reasonable and I wish acceptable concerning the Propagation of the Blessed Gospel in all Pagan Countries This in short is the Sum and Method of the following Geographical Treatise which as I said is principally design'd for the use and benefit of the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry And did such Persons apply their Minds in their younger Years to this most useful and diverting Science 't is more than probable that they might thereby avoid these many and gross
and Nights in these Islands is the same as in the Middle and Southern Parts of Spain The chief Commodities exported from these Islands are Corn Wine Oyl Salt Iron and several sorts of Fruits especially Figs Almonds Chesnuts c. In several Parts of Corsica is found a Stone commonly call'd Catochite which being handled sticks to the Fingers like Glew Sardignia is said to harbour no venomous Creature no nor any noxious Animal save Foxes and a little Creature nam'd Solifuga which resembles a Frog Those Animals call'd Mafrones or Mastriones are peculiar to this Island Archbishopricks are Cagliari Gassari and Oristagni all in Sardignia Bishopricks are those of Nebbio Ajazzo Mariana Alteria Sagona and Accia all in Corsica whereof the four last are now ruin'd together with Villa d'Iglesia Bosa and Algheri in Sardignia Here is only one University viz. that of Cagliart The Inhabitants of Corsica are reputed for the generality of 'em a cruel rude and revengeful Sort of People a People so given to Piracy in former times that many think the Name of Corsaires is deriv'd from them As for the Inhabitants of Sardignia they being mostly Spaniards are much the same with those in Spain Languages here in use are the Spanish and Italian the former in Sardignia and the latter in Corsica but mightily blended one with another The Isle of Corsica being subject to the Genoeses is rul'd by a particular Governor who hath for his Assistance one Lieutenant and several Commissaries sent thither by the Republick of Genoua and renew'd once in two Years and Sardignia being in the Possession of the Spaniard is govern'd by a Vice-Roy appointed by his Catholick Majesty and renew'd every third Year The Inhabitants of both these Islands adhere to the Roman Church in her grossest Errors and receive with an implicit Faith whatever she teaches and correspondent to their Principles is their Practice especially in Sardignia where the People are so grosly Immoral as usually to dance and sing prophane Songs in their Churches immediately after Divine Worship The Christian Faith was planted here much about the same time with the Northern Parts of Italy SICILY THIS Island of old Sicania Trinacria and Triquetra is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Sicilia by the French Sicile by the Germans Sicilien and by the English Sicily It s Name is deriv'd from Siculi an Ancient People in Latium who being driven from their Country by the Aborigines were forc'd to seek for new Habitations and accordingly came over to Sicania headed as some alledge by one Siculus which from them acquir'd a new Name viz. that of Sicily No Island in these Parts of the World enjoys a purer and more healthful Air than this does The opposite Place of the Globe to Sicily is that Part of Nova Zelandia between 215 and 220 Degrees of Longitude with 34 and 38 Degrees of South Latitude Fully answerable to the healthfulness of the Air is the Fertility of the Soil several of its Mountains being incredibly fruitful even to the very Tops The length of the Days and Nights here is the same as in the Southern Provinces of Spain they both lying under the same Parrallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Silks Wine Honey Sugar Wax Oyl Saffron and many Medicinal Drugs c. Near to Ancient Syracuse are some Subterranean Cavities where Dionysius the Tyrant shut up his Slaves Over these Cavities was his Palace and being anxious to over-hear what his Slaves spoke among themselves here is still to be seen a Communication between the aforesaid Cavities and his Palace cut out of the firm Rock and resembling the interior Frame of a Man's Ear which makes such a curious Eccho that the least Noise yea articulate Words and Sentences when only whisper'd are clearly heard Here also is a large Theatre of the same Tyrant cut out of the firm Rock Known all the World over is that hideous Vulcano of this Island the famous Mount Aetna now Gibell whose sudden Conflagrations and sulphurious Eruptions are sometimes most terrible and destructive witness those which happned in the Year 1669. and more lately Anno 1693. For a particular Description of this remarkable Mountain and all other noted Vulcano's in the World Vid. Bottoni Leontini his Pyrologia Typographica In this Island are Three Archbishopricks viz. those of Palermo Messina Mont-Real Here likeways are Seven Bishopricks viz those of Syracuse Cefaledi St. Marco Mazara Catana Pati Gergenti Here is only one University viz. that of Catana The Sicilians being mostly Spaniards are much the same in Manners with those in Spain only with this difference that they merit according to some a blacker Character than a Native Spaniard The ordinary Language of the Sicilians is Spanish which is commonly us'd not only by the Native opaniards but also Persons of all other Nations residing in the Island This Island belonging to the Spaniard for which he does homage to the Pope is rul'd by a particular Vice-Roy appointed and sent thither by his Catholick Majesty whose Government as are most other of the Spanish Vice-Roys is Triennial and place of Residence Palermo For Arms. Vid. Spain page 141 The Religion here establisht and publickly profess'd is the same as in Italy and Spain This Island receiv'd the Light of the Blessed Gospel in the earliest Ages of the Church MALTA THIS Island known formerly by the same Name or Melita is term'd by the French Malte by the High Germans Maltha by the Italians Spaniards and English Malta why so call'd is not fully agreed upon among Criticks yet most affirm that its Name of Melita came from the plenty of Honey in this Island The Air of this Island is extremely hot and stifling the many high Rocks towards the Sea obstructing the benefit of cool Breezes from the surrounding Ocean The opposite Place of the Globe to Malta is that part of Nova Zelandia between 215 and 220 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 34 Degrees of South Latitude This Island can lay no just Claim to an Excellency of Soil it being extremely Dry and Barren and much encumbred with Rocks It affordeth little Corn or Wine but is suppli'd from Sicily of both The length of Days and Nights in Malta is the same as in the Southmost Part of Spain Malta being a place no ways remarkable for Trade its Commodities are very few the chief Product of the Island being only Cuminseed Anniseed and Cottonwooll Worthy of Obervation is St. John's Church with its rich and magnificent Vestry as also the Observatory Treasury and Palace of the Grand Master The Inhabitants pretend that Malta hath entertain'd no venomous Creature since the Days of St. Paul who they say blessed this Island upon the shaking off the Viper from his Hand into the Fire Here are Two Bishopricks viz those of Malta
call'd by the Portugucze at their first Discovery of it Anno 1429. because wholly over grown with Trees the word Madeira signifying a Wood. The Air of Maderas being very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Island is generally esteem'd very healthful to breath in That Place of the Globe opposite to Madera is part of the vast Occidental Ocean between 180 and 182 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Island is very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of excellent Fruits and a kind of Wine that 's much esteem'd off being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land The length of the Days and Nights in this Island is much the same as in Zaara on the main Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are excellent Wine and most sorts of desirable Fruits as also Honey and Wax c. What mostly deserves the Epithet of Rare on this Island is that excellent Quality either of its Air or Soil or both which like our Neighbouring Island Ireland proves mortal to all Venomous Animals none such being found here or able to live if brought thither from abroad In the side of a Hill nigh Fonzal is a remarkable Fountain whose Waters do sometimes issue forth in such abundance that the adjacent Parts of the Island are then subject to a terrible Inundation Archbishopricks None One Bishoprick viz. that of Fonzal or Funchale which is Suffragan to Lisbon The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent but more vitiously enclin'd if that can be well suppos'd being mighty Proficients in their common Crimes of Theft and Murther The Portugueze here residing do still retain their own Language This Island belonging to the Crown of Portugal is rul'd by a particular Deputy whose place of Residence is commonly at Tonza The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze as aforesaid are of the same Religion with that publickly profess'd in the Kingdom of Portugal Having thus considered in particular the most remarkable of the African Islands proceed we now in pursuance of our propos'd Method to take a General View of all the rest or those that are less remarkable Now such Islands to be very brief being strangely scatter'd up and down the Ethiopick and Atlantick Oceans do mightily differ in their Air and Soil according to the various Climates they lie in and in none of 'em is any remarkable place except only the Isle of Zocotora in which is a Town of the same Name As for the chief Observables relating to their Inhabitants particularly their Manners Language and Religion we may sufficiently learn the same only by naming those several States or Sovereigns on the Continent to whom these Islands belong they being generally peopl'd and possess'd by some of them Their present Possessors then in short are as followeth Less remarkable Islands being Zocotora is possess'd by the Arabians Comore the Natives St. Thomas the Portuguexe The Princes Island the Portugueze Annobon the Portugueze St. Helena the English Ascension Island not inhabited And so much for Africa and the African Islands Now followeth CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Divided page 44. into North comprehending Mexico or N. Spain Capital City Mexico N. Mex or Granada S. Fee Florida Coca Terra Canadensis Boston Terra Arctica South comprehending Terra Firma S. Feede Bagota Peru Lima. Land of the Amazons Brasil S. Salvador Chyli S. Jago Paraguay Assumption Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica To these add the American Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Mexico or New Spain  d. m. Situated between 259 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E to N. W. is about 2520 Miles 297 00 between 08 50 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 840 Miles 30 00 Divided into Audience of Guadalajara C. T. Idem N. W. to S. E. Audience of Mexico Idem Audience of Guatimala S. Jago de Guat Guadalajara comprehends the Provinces of Cinalod Chief Town S. Juan In the Midland from N. to S. New Biscay Barbara Zacaticas Zacatecas Guadalajara Idem Chiameltan St. Sebastian On the Sea Coast from N. to S. Xalisco Compostella Mexico comprehends the Provinces of Panuco Idem On Sinus Mexicanus from N. W. to S. E. Mexico Idem Mechoacan Idem Los Angelos Idem Antequera Idem Tabasco Port Royal Jucutan Merida Guatimala comprehends the Provinces of Soco Nusco Guevetland from N. W. to S. E. on the South Sea Guatimald S. Jago de Guat Nicaragua Leon Cost a Rica Carthago Veragua Conception Honduras New Valladolid From S. E. on N. W. upon Sinus Mexic Vera Pax Idem Chiapa Cividad real THIS Country discovered at first by John Grijalve but more exactly view'd and at last conquered by the Valiant Ferdinando Cortez Anno 15 18. is term'd by the Italians Spagna Novella by the Spaniards Nueva Espana by the French Nouvelle Espagne by the Germans Neu Spanien and by the English Mexico or New Spain call'd Mexico from the chief City thereof and New Spain to distinguish it from the Kingdom of Spain in Europe Notwithstanding this Country for the most part lieth within the Torrid Zone yet the Air is very temperate and generally reckon'd extraordinary wholsome to breath in being qualifi'd with refreshing Showers in the hottest Months and cool Breezes from the Sea all the Year The opposite Place of the Globe to New Spain is part of the East-India Ocean lying between 80 and 117 Degrees of Longitude with 8 and 30 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing many sorts of Grain as Wheat Barley Pulse and Maize several kinds of Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemons Citrons Malicatons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Cocoa-Nuts and great plenty of Herbs Plants and Roots Here also are some rich Mines of Gold and Silver and vast and spacious Plains affording the best of Pasturage The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 12½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wooll Cotton Sugar Silk Cochencel Feathers Honey Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a Hollow Tree call'd Tlaco-Chavoya which was of a prodigious bigness when intire being then reckon'd sixteen Fathoms in compass near the Root and somewhat higher twelve Before 't was Thunder struck which occasion'd the hollowness no fewer than a thousand Men 't is said could conveniently shelter themselves from Rain under its wide extended Boughs 2 In several Parts of this Country grows a certain Tree call'd Maguey which may be said to yield Water Oyl Wine Honey and Vinegar For the Body of the Tree being big and hollow
Miles 297 00 between 26 50 of Latit Breadth from S. to N. is about 600 Miles 40 00 The large Country of Florida being of no certain Divisions its chief Towns are Coca in the main Land S. Augustine in the Peninsula of Tegeste S. Maâ—hea in the Peninsula of Tegeste THIS Country first discover'd by Sebastian Cabot Anno 1497. but more particularly afterwards by John Dâ—pony a Spaniard who took Possession thereof in the Name of his Catholick Majesty Anno 1527. is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Florida by the French Floride by the Germans and English Florida so call'd by the Spaniards either because they arriv'd at it on Palm-Sunday which they term Pascha Florida or because they found the Country full of Flowers at their arrival The Air of this Country is said to be so extraordinary temperate that according to our latest Accounts the Inhabitants live to a great Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Florida is that part of the East Indian Ocean lying between 96 and 110 Degrees of Longitude with 26 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 5th and 6th North Climate is wonderfully fertil abounding in most sorts of Grain Herbs and Fruit. It 's also well stor'd with Venison and Fowl inrich'd with considerable Mines of Gold and Silver especially those of the Appalachine Mountains and here they fish vast numbers of valuable Pearls The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 14 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 9 Hours and the Nights proportionably This Country being slenderly known in the Inland Parts and even those next the Sea but little frequented by Strangers its Commodities are very few yet very costly viz. Gold Silver Pearls and Furs In several Parts of Florida grows a certain Tree about the bigness of an ordinary Apple-Tree the Juice of whose Fruit the Natives use to squeeze out and therewith anoint their Arrows being a rank sort of Poison If there be no Fruit then they break off a Branch and out of it do press a milky Substance equally poisonous with the Juice of the Fruit. So strong a Poyson is this Tree that if a few handfuls of its Leaves are bruised and thrown into a large Pond of Standing-Water all sorts of Beasts that happen to come and drink thereof do suddenly swell and burst asunder Purchas his Pilgrims Part 4. Lib. 8. Cap. 1. In Bahama an Island near C. Florida is the famous Bahama-Spider the biggest of all the Species being two Inches long and deservedly term'd Phalangium Maximum Indicum He hath six Eyes and those not so big as the smallest Pin's head Some of these remarkable Insects are to be seen in the Publick Musoeum of Gresham Colledge London Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Floridins are naturally White but by anoincing themselves both Men and Women with a certain Oyntment they still appear of an Olive-colour They are tall of Stature well proportion'd lovers of War and ordinarily go quite naked except a small piece of Deer-Sâ—in which many wear about their middle The Language of the Natives doth very much 〈◊〉 in Dialect according to different Parts of this Country The few Spaniards here residing do still retain the Spanish The Natives of this Country are subject to several Lords of their own term'd Paroustes or Caciques one of whom is said to have the Precedency and is generally respected by the rest as an Emperor The Spanish Colonies on the Sea-Coasts have their peculiar Governors appointed by his Catholick Majesty The Natives of this Country are gross Idolaters worshipping the whole Host of Heaven especially the Sun to whom they attribute the good fortune of all their Victories and return him thanks accordingly They mightily respect their Priests who are generally great Sorcerers and call them by the Name of Joanas and in some places Jowa's Several Missionaries were sent into this Country in the Days of Charles the Fifth but the Savage Inhabitants quickly destroy'd them SECT IV. Concerning Terra Canadensis  d. m. Situated between 290 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from E to W. is about 1500 Miles 330 00 between 30 00 of Latit Breadth from S. to N. is about 1920 Miles 62 00 It being divided into North the River Canada South North comprehends Terra Canadensis propria Chief Town From N. to S. Nova Britannia Nova Francia Quibeck South comprehends Nova Scotia Port Royal The English Territor viz. Those of New England Boston From N. E. to S. W. New York Idem N. Jersey East Elisabeth West Elsingburgh Pensilvania Philadelphia  Maryland Baltimore Virginia James Town Carolina Charles Tow. TERRA Canadensis so call'd from the River Canada being a vast Complex Body consisting of several large and considerable Countries and particularly those in which the English Nation is chiefly concern'd we shall distinctly consider its various Divisions especially those of the English Empire and that in the same Order laid down in the foregoing Table Therefore §. 1. Terra Canadensis propria THIS Country being the Northmost of all the rest is esteem'd none of the best But being so slenderly known as yet we pass on to §. 2. Nova Britannia WHICH Country is likeways of a very ordinary Soil by what we find and almost as thinly Inhabited and little frequented as the former We shall therefore make no stay therein but proceed to §. 3. Nova Francia THIS Country is reckon'd to be much colder than most others in the same Latitude however 't is said to be bless'd with a Soil abundantly fruitful and is chiefly furnisht with Stags Bears Hares Martins Foxes Conies and great store of Fish and Flesh The French here residing about six thousand in number do commonly trade in Bever Mouse Skins and Furs This being all that 's remarkable of it we continue our Progress to the next Division viz. §. 4. Nova Scotia WHICH Country first discover'd by Sebastian Cabot at the Charge of Henry the Seventh was once inhabited by a Scotch Colony sent over Anno 1622. by Sir William Alexander then Lord Secretary of Scotland to whom King James by Letters-Patent made a Donation thereof but that Colony failing the French became Masters of the Country and settled themselves therein calling it by the Name of Accadie But leaving these Northern Parts of Terra Canadensis as Countries little known and of less Note unto us Proceed we to that which more nearly concerns us viz. a particular View of the various Parts of the Western English Empire and that according to their Order as they lie in the foregoing Table The first whereof is §. 5. New England THIS Country discover'd first by the English under the Conduct of the two Cabots Anno 1497. and afterwards taken Possession of for Queen Elizabeth by Sir Philip Amadas Anno 1458. is term'd by the Italians Inghilterra Nouella by the Spaniards
Persuasions in Point of Religion there being a Liberty of Conscience allow'd to all of the Colony But the poor Natives to our great shame are still groping in the Twilight of Paganism §. 8. Pensilvania THIS Country discovered at the same time with the rest of the adjacent Continent is term'd by the French Pensilvanie by the Germans Pensilvanien by the Italians Spaniards and English Pensilvania so call'd from William Pen Esquire whom King Charles II. made first Proprietor thereof by Letters Patent Anno 1680. The Air of this Country is generally granted to be clear and sweet the Heavens being seldom over cast with Clouds The length of the Days and Nights is much the same here as in New Jersey The Soil of this Country is tollerably good in many Parts but in some Places extreamly barren The opposite Place of the Globe to Pensilvania is that part of the East-India Ocean lying between 115 and 125 Degrees of Longitude with 40 and 45 Degrees of South Latitude There being no considerable Trade as yet settl'd between this and Foreign Countries the chief Commodities hither to exported are mostly Horses and Pipe-Staves commonly sent to the Island of Barbadoes In several Parts of Pensilvania are Springs of good Mineral Waters particularly those about two Miles from Philadelphia which for Operation are accounted much the same with our Purging Waters at Barnet Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country being Persons of tall Bodies and swarthy Complexions are generally reckon'd more mild and civilly enclin'd than most others of the Indian Nations The Europeans here residing being mostly English with a few Dutch and Swedes are much the same with those in Europe The Language of the Natives being a Dialect of the Indian Tongue is said to be very Lofty Sweet and Emphatick in respect of many others in these Parts of the World as also very easy to be acquired by Strangers The Europeans here residing retain the respective Languages of their own Countries This Country being granted as aforesaid to William Pen by his Majesty King Charles II. the Publick Affairs thereof are manag'd by several Courts of of Justice there establisht under him as Proprietor who or his Deputy Rules the same in Subordination to the King of Great Britain The English here residing are of different Sects and Persuasions but Enthusiasm chiefly prevails this Country being stockt with Quakers by their Governor William Pen. The Natives are said to have a pretty clear Notion of a Supreme Being the Immortality of the Soul and a Future State Their Worship chiefly consists in Sacrifices and Songs intermixt with Dancing §. 9. Mary-Land THIS Country discover'd by the English under the Conduct of the two Cabots Anno 1497. is term'd by the Italians Marylandia by the Spaniards Tierra de Maria by the French Terre du Marie by the Germans Marienland and by the English Maryland so call'd at last in Honour of Queen Mary Wife to King Charles I. who gave it by Letters-Patent under that Name to the Right Honourable Caecilius Colvert Lord Baltimore Anno 1632. The Air of this Country is much more healthful now and more agreeing to English Constitutions than formerly when the Woods were intire and the better it still grows the greater Progress they make in felling the Timber The opposite Place of the Globe to Maryland is that part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 120 and 130 Degrees of Longitude with 37 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country is generally reckon'd very fertil and rich producing in great plenty the same things with New York The length of the Days and Nights in Maryland is much the same as in the Southern Provinces of Spain they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Country are Tobacco Hemp Flax Wood Hops Rape-Seed Madder Furs Elk-Skins c. Of several rare Crustaceous Animals found in this Country That call'd the Signoe or Signenoc is most observable and that particularly for the admirable contrivance of his Eyes For they being plac'd under the Covert of a thick Shell Nature whose Operation is wonderful in every thing hath so order'd that those Parts above the Eyes are so transparent as to convey a competency of Light whereby the otherways benighted Animal can clearly see its way For several other remarkable Creatures with a Catalogue of rare Plants in Maryland Vid. Philos Trans N. 246. Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities None The Natives of this Country consider'd in the main are generally reckon'd the same with those of New York or the nearest to them in their Temper and Customs of any other of the American Nations whatsoever The English here residing are much the same with those in England The Language of the Natives in this Country is said to consist of divers Idioms very different from one another and none of 'em either so pleasant to the Ear or so easy to be acquir'd by Strangers as those in Pensilvania The English here residing use their own Language The Right Honourable Coectlius Colvert Lord Baltimore his Heirs and Assigns being by Letters-Patent Anno 1632 created Lords and Proprietors of Maryland excepting the Sovereign Dominion and Allegiance with a fifth part of the Gold and Silver Ore reserv'd to His Majesty The Government of the Colony by their Lordships Care and Prudence is so modell'd that we may reckon it a Diminutive of that of England For the Supreme Court call'd a General Assembly resembles in some measure our English Parliament being divided into an Upper and Lower House The Upper consists of the Governor himself with his Council and such Lords of Mannors and others as his Lordship or Lieutenant shall by Writ call thither The Lower is made up of Delegates elected and sent by each County of the whole Plantation This Assembly is conveen'd prorogu'd or dissolv'd at pleasure by his Lordship or Lieutenant and whatever is agreed upon and enacted by both Houses and assented unto by his Lordship hath the Sanction of a Law and can't be repeal'd but by the same Authority Next to this Legislative Assembly is the Provincial Court generally held at St. Maries to which Appeals are made from all Inferior Courts of the whole Province The English here residing are of various Persuasions in Point of Religion there being a Tolleration enjoin'd for all Sects of Christianity The Natives know nothing as yet of the true God save what they obscurely see by the glimsing Light of Nature §. 10. Virginia THIS Country discover'd first by Sebastian Cabot Anno 1497. but afterwards more perfectly by Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584. when he took Possession thereof in Queen Elizabeth's Name is term'd by the French Virginie by the Germans Virginien by the Italians Spaniards and English Virginia so call'd in Honour of Queen Elizabeth that Masculine Virgin
's imploy'd for some time in swallowing down several hundred Weight of small Peeble-Stones By which additional Weight of his Body he can keep a faster hold of his Prey and be the sooner able to draw it into and dive with it under Water Vid. Late History of the Buchaneers in America Part 1. Cap. 4. Here is one Archbishoprick viz. that of St. Domingo Suffragan to whom are St. Jago in Cuba St. John de Port-rico and Coro in Terra Firma Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island being mostly Spaniards with some French are the same in Manners with those on the Continent The Inhabitants of this Island being Spaniards and some French as aforesaid do still retain and use their respective maternal Tongues This Island being wholly subject to the Crown of Spain except the Western Parts now possess'd by the French is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed by his Catholick Majesty whose Power doth extend it self over all the Antillos belonging to Spain The Inhabitants of this Island whether Spaniards or French are of the same Religion with those on the Old Continent § 6. Porto-Rico THIS Island was term'd S. Johannis Insula by Columbus at his first Discovery thereof and Boriquen by the Natives but now Porto-Rico from its chief City and Haven of that Name The Soil is tollerably good in many Parts and Air abundantly temperate except those Months immediately before and after the Summer and Winter Solstice From hence are exported Sugar-Canes Ginger Cassia and good store of Hides Here grow divers remarkable Trees and some poysonous Shrubs upon the Sea-side The whole Island belonging to the Crown of Spain is rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither by his Catholick Majesty and the Inhabitants thereof being Spaniards are the same in Manners Language and Religion as elsewhere either upon the Old or New Continent §. 7. The Caribee Islands THE Caribees are reckon'd that goodly Company of Islands beginning at the 〈◊〉 of Porto-Rico and reaching Southward almost to Terra Firma They derive their Appellation from the Nature of their Inhabitants who when first discovered were generally Canibals the name Caribees being of the same importance Taken all together they come nearest in Form to the Segment of a great Circle and are in number about thirty The chief of which proceeding from North to South with their present Possessors are as followeth VIZ. Anguilla At present possessed by The English but little esteem'd St. Martin The French and Dutch Sancta Crux The French Barbada The English but of small Account St. Christophers The English and French Nievis or Mevis The English Antego The English Montserrat The English but mostly inhabited by Irish Guadalupa The French Marigalant The French Dominica The English and Natives Martinico The French Barbado's The English St. Lucia The French St. Vincent The English and Dutch especially the latter Grenada The French Tobago The English Of all the Caribee Islands belonging to the English the most remarkable upon several accounts is Barbado's Of it therefore in particular BARBADO's THIS Island is term'd by the Spaniards Barbadas by the French Barbade or Barboude by the Italians Germans and English Barbado's But why so call'd we can give no account the Name being an Indian Appellation It was discovered in the Reign of King James 1. by Sir William Curten driven upon its Coast by stress of Weather Meeting with no Inhabitants at his arrival and finding the Nature of its Soil to be inviting The English upon his return sent some Planters thither who for want of Trade were reduc'd to great extremity till about the Year 1627 when they began to Plant it to purpose The Air of this Island is very hot and moist especially for eight Months yet in some measure qualifi'd by cold Breezes of Wind which rising with the Sun blow commonly from North-East by East unless there happen a Turnado and grow fresher as the Sun mounteth up The opposite Place of the Globe to Barbado's is part of the East-Indian Ocean between 130 and 140 Degrees of Longitude with 12 and 18 Degrees of South Latitude This Island not above eight Leagues in length and five in breadth where broadest is bless'd with a Soil â—â—â—derfully fertil Generall taken 't is not above one 〈…〉 thick yet that small depth of Earth resembles in a 〈…〉 continued hot Bed being almost every where grounded with white spongy Lime-Stones which retain and reflect the solar Heat piercing through the over-spreading Mould Whereupon the Island beareth Crops all the Year round and its Trees Plants and Fields appear always green Both in this and the Island Jamaica were formerly Mountain Cabbage-Trees of a prodigious height The length of the Days and Nights in Barbado's is the same as in those Parts of New Spain lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Sugars Indico Cotton-Wooll Ginger Logwood Fustick Lignum Vitae c. and those in such abundance that some hundred Sail of Ships do yearly receive their Loadings here In the Island of Barbado's are Ants of a very big size who build their Nests with Clay and Lome against the Body of a Tree or Wall of an House and that to the bigness of ordinary Bee-Hives and those divided into a great many Cells 2 Here are some Snakes of a considerable length and bigness that frequently slide up and down the Wall of an House and out of one Room into another with wonderful Agility of Body 3. The Water of that Rivulet commonly call'd Tuigh River hath upon its Surface in many places a certain Oily Substance which being carefully taken off and kept a little time is sit to burn in Lamps like ordinary Oil. 4. Here are divers large and hideous Caves some of which are big enough to contain five hundred Men and several remarkable Trees particularly the Calibash Palmete Roucou and that which goes by the Vulgar Name of the Poyson-Tree 5. Among some rare Insects to be seen upon this Island we may reckon those small Flies term'd Cayouyou most observable and that chiefly for their Wings which give a mighty Lustre in the Night-time while they fly Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island excluding the Negroes being mostly English are much the same in Behaviour and Manner of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants in respect of Manners the same may be assirm'd of them in Point of Language As for the Negroes the generality of them if any considerable time upon the Island do also understand and speak English This Island belonging to the Crown of England is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by His Majesty the King of Great Britain He with his Council do discuss all Matters of 〈…〉 and the better to quell any Insurrection 〈…〉 be made especially by the Slaves he still keeps a 〈…〉 considing of two
oock wy vergeven onse schuldenaren Ende en lept ons niet in versoeckinge â—naer verlost on s van den boosen Amen The seven Provinces of Holland being under a Democratical Government are as it were several Commonwealths each Province being a distinct State yea and every City having an independent Power within it self to judge of all causes whether Civil or Criminal and to inflict even Capital Punishments But all joyning together make up one Republick the most considerable in the World which Republick is govern'd by the Assembly of the States-General consisting of Seven Voices each Province having One To this Assembly whose place of Meeting is ordinarily at the Hague belongeth the Power of making War or Peace receiving and dispatching of Ambassadors inspecting into the Condition of Frontier Towns and Assigning what Summs of Money must be levied for the publick Service Matters are not determin'd here in this Assembly by Plurality of Voices but all the Provinces must come to an unanimous Consent and each Representative returning to his respective Province must propose the Matter in a Provincial Assembly consisting of Deputies from all Cities of that Province which Deputies must also return and receive the Consent of their Principals otherways nothing can be concluded In this Assembly of the States-General the seven Provinces have still given their Voices in order following viz. Guelders and Zutphen first because Guelders is the eldest and her Plenipotentiaries did first propose the Union then Holland 3dly Zeland 4thly Utrecht 5thly Friesland 6thly Over-Yssel and lastly Groningen Assistant to this Assembly is the Council of State compos'd of twelve Persons whereof Guelderland sends 2 Holland 3 Zealand 2 Utrecht 2 Friexland 1 Over-Yssel 1 and Groningen 1 whose business is to deliberate Previously upon those Matters which are to be brought before the States-General as also to state the Expence for the succeeding Year and to propose Ways and Means how to Levy the same Subservient to this Council is the Chamber of Accounts compos'd of two Deputies from each Province whose Office it is to examin the publick Accounts and dispose of the Finances And whensoever the States do Order the fitting out a Fleet the Care of the same and Ordering of all Marine Affairs do rely upon the Council of the Admiralty to which are Subordinate five Colledges in the three Maritime Provinces viz. Holland Zealand and Friezland who take Care to execute all Orders of that Council according as they are sent to them from time to time The Ensigns Armorial of the Seven United Provinces or States of Holland are Or a Lion Gules holding with one Paw a Cutleas and with the other a Bundle of seven Arrows closely bound together in allusion to the seven Confederate Provinces with the following Motto Concordiâ res parvae crescunt No Country in Europe can boast of more Religions and yet perhaps no part of Christendom may be truly said to be less Religious than this is Here indeed we may see all Sects and Parties in the open Profession of their respective Tenets all Professions being tolerated for Tradings sake and yet that which the Apostle St. James chap. 1. v. 27. calls the pure and undefiled Religion before God and the Father is as little if not less known here than in any Christian Country whatsoever That publickly profess'd and generally receiv'd is the Reform'd Religion according to the Tenets of Judicious Calvin Christianity was first planted in this Country about the same time with Upper Germany of which afterwards §. 2. FLANDERS THis Country the ancient Gallia Belgica it term'd by the Italians Flandra by the Spaniards Flandes by the French Flandres by the Germans Flandern and by the English Flanders so call'd as some imagin from Flamdebert Nephew to Clodion the 2d King of France who flourisht about the beginning of the fifth Century But others are willing rather to derive it from Flandrina Wife to Liderick the 2d who was Prince of Bun and Grand Forester of Flanders and govern'd it according to the Orders of Charlemaigne and Lewis Debonnaire The Air of these various Provinces is generally esteem'd indifferent healthful yet the Moistness of the Soil doth frequently occasion thick Fogs in the Winter which would prove very prejudicial to the Inhabitants did not dry Easterly Winds from the main Continent purify the Air and occasion hard Frosts for several Months The opposite Place of the Globe to Flanders is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 205 and 210 Degrees of Longitude with 49 and 51 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 9th Northern Climate is not the same in all Parts being in some considerably better than others but yet good in all So fertile is it in Grain Roots and many sorts of Fruits that 't is hardly to be parallel'd by any Spot of Ground in the same Climate In the Counties of Hannonia and Namur as likewise in the Bishoprick of Liege are found some Mines of Iron and Lead with Quarties of Marble and several Pits of excellent Coal The Length of the Days and Nights is the same as in the North of France and South of England The chief Commodities of this Country being the Product of their Manufactures are Tapestries Worsted-Stuffs Linnen Cloth Wrought Silks Camblets Lace c. Near to St. Omers is a large Lake in which are divers floating Islands most of them inhabited and moveable by Ropes ty'd to strong Poles fixt fast in the Ground and in one of them is a Church with a Monastery of the Order of St. Bernard At Tongres 10 Miles North-West from Liege are to be seen some Monuments of ancient Temples and other Buildings erected by the Romans In the stately Cathedral of Antwerp dedicated to the Blessed Virgin are no less than 66 different Chappels At Ghent is a Tower call'd Belfart in which hangs a Bell nam'd Roland which weighs 11000 Pounds Remarkable is the Sounding-Gallery in Brussels which repeats an Echo 15 times and Spaa or Spaw a Village in the B. of Liege is famous all the World over for its curious Springs of Medicinal Waters Arch-Bishopricks in this Country are those of Malines Cambray Bishopricks in this Country are those of Liege Antwerp Gaunt Bruges Ypres Ruremond Bois le Duc. Arras Tournay S. Omers Namur Universities in this Country are those of Louvaine Doway Liege The Inhabitants of these various Provinces being for the most part a mixture of Spanish French and Dutch their Character in general will be best learn'd by considering the respective Characters of these three Nations which may be seen in their proper places and comparing them one with another The Language vulgarly us'd in Flanders is that call'd the Waloon excepting those Provinces which border on Holland where the Dutch prevails which is a corrupt French with an intermixture of several Dutch and many Spanish words How it differeth from the
pure French will best appear by their Pater Noster which runs thus Nos peer qui êt au Cieux sanctifie soi te Nom Adveen ton Rejam ta Volonté se fait en terre comme es Cieux Donne noy ajord ' huy no pain quotidien pardonne no det comme no pardonnon a nos detteux ne no indu en tentation mais delivre nos des maux Ansi soit il This Countrey viz. all those Provinces belonging to the Spaniard before the late War and now restor'd doth acknowledge his Catholick Majesty as Supream Lord who Rules the same by his Substitute styl'd Governour-General of the Netherlands Which Post is at present enjoy'd by his Electoral Highness Duke of Bavaria and now made Hereditary to him since Anno 1692. For his Assistance he is allow'd three Councils viz. 1. The Council of State in which are transacted the weightiest Affairs such as relate to Peace and War Leagues and Alliances c. 2. The Privy-Council which determineth the Limits of Provinces publisheth Edicts and decideth Matters brought thither by Appeal from other Courts of Judicature 3. The Council of Finances to whom belongeth the Care and Management of the Royal Revenue and Taxes supervising the Accounts of Receivers and proportioning the Expence or Charge of the War To Levy Money and to Enact new Laws is the Business of the Convention of the Estates consisting of the Nobility principal Persons of the Clergy and Deputies of the chief Cities who ordinarily Assemble at Bruxels when call'd by the Governour-General For the better maintaining the Peace through all the Provinces and taking due Care of the Standing Forces each Province hath a particular Governour appointed in Subordination to the Governour-General And for an Universal Administration of Justice every Province hath its peculiar Provost and over all is appointed one Grand Provost whose Power in Criminal Matters is reckon'd very great See Spain The Religion predominant in all the Provinces of the Netherlands before the dawning of that happy day of our Reformation was intirely the Doctrine of the Roman Church But the Errors and Absurdities of that Doctrine being openly expos'd to the World by our wise Reformers the King of Spain to hinder a farther Progress in that matter set up the most severe and barbarous Court of Inquisition which occasion'd no small Disturbance and at last a bloody War that ended in a total Alienation of the Seven United Provinces the other Ten still remaining in the Profession of the Romish Religion as at this day and that in its grossest Errors Christianity was planted in this Country about the same time with the United Provinces §. 3. UPPER GERMANY THis Country containing only a part of Ancient Germany as also a little of Gaul Illyricum with some of Old Italy is term'd by the Italians Alta Allemagna by the Spaniards Aleâ—â—nia alâ—a by the French Haute Allemagne by the Germans Overteutschland and by the English Germany Why so call'd is much Controverted by our Modern Criticks some German Authors being willing to derive its Etymology from words in their own Language as â—â—or-mannen i. e. very much Men. Others from Geren signifying to Gather because the Germans seem'd to be an 〈◊〉 of many Nations others from Gar and Man to denote that they were a Warlike People Some tho' with little ground would fain allow it an Hebrew Derivation But the most probable Opinion of all is that the Inhabitants of this Country were called Germani by the Romans either because they were a sincere and honest sort of People or thereby to denote that they were Brothers to their Neighbours the Gaules The Air of this Country differeth considerably according to the Situation of the various Parts of this large Continent Towards the North it 's generally very Cold but in the Southmost Provinces it 's of the same Temper as in those places of France which lie under the same Parallels The opposite Place of the Globe to Germany is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 215 and 225 Degrees of Longitude with 45 and 55 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 8th 9th 10th and 11th North Climate is very different according to the Situation of its different Parts In the Southern Circles as also those in the middle part of the Continent particularly the Upper and Lower Rhine there is hardly any Country in the World can excel them for plenty of Fruits Corn and Wine but towards the North namely the two Saxonies and Westphalia the Soil is not near so fertile especially in Wine Grapes never coming to full perfection there however as for Corn and Pasturage they are abundantly furnisht with them and the whole Country in the main is tollerably pleasant healthful and profitable abounding not only with all things necessary but also with many of the Comforts of human Life The longest Day in the North-most Part is about 17 Hours ¼ The shortest in the South-most 8 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Corn Metals Allom Salt Wine Flesh Linnen Quicksilver Armours and Iron Works c. What Things do mostly merit the Epithet of Rare and Curious in this vast Country are reducible to these following Heads viz. 1. Some very observable Springs as That near Geesbach in Alsace whose Top is covered with a foul fat Oily substance ordinarily us'd by the Peasants thereabouts as common Wheel Grease Another near Paterborn in Westphalia call'd Methorn which hath three Streams very different from one another both in Colour Tast and Qualities and a Third in the Diocess of Paterborn observable in that it loseth it self twice every 24 Hours returning always back at the Interval of 6 Hours and that with such Violence as to drive three Mills not far from its Source Here also are many Salt Springs particularly That near Lunenburg in the D. of Lunenburg another at Hall in Upper Saxony and a third at Saltzwedel in the Marquisate of Brandenburg To these we may add a vast multitude of Springs whose Waters are highly priz'd both for Purging and Bathing especially the latter as particularly Those at Stugart in Wirtenburg Those at Aix le Chapelle in Westphalia and those in the Marquisate of Baden from whence the whole Country derives its Name 2. Some strange kind of Lakes particularly that in Carniola call'd the Zirchnitzer-Sea in length about two German miles and one broad Observable for its many subterraneous Caves and Passages into which both the Water and Fishes of the Lake do yearly retire in the month of June and return again about September As also another in Suabia the Nature of whose Waters is such that they actually singe Fishing-Nets when sunk to the bottom 3. Remarkable Caves particularly that near Blackenburg in Lower Saxony commonly call'd Buman's Hole of which none hath yet found the End tho' many have travell'd a vast way into it
doth far more prevail The chief Tenets of the Mahometan Religion may be seen § 4. of this Section to which I remit the Reader As for Christianity 't is profess'd in this Country according to the Doctrine of the Greek Church the Principal Points of which as it differs from the Western Christian Churches whether Protestant or Roman are these following viz 1. The Greeks deny the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son asserting that it proceedeth only from the Father through the Son 2. They also deny the Doctrine of Purgatory yet usually pray for the Dead 3. They believe that the Souls of the Faithful departed this Life are not admitted unto the Beatifick Vision till after the Resurrection 4. They celebrate the Blessed Sacrament of the Eucharist in both Kinds but make the Communicant take three Morsels of Leaven'd Bread and three Sips of Wine in Honour of the Three Persons of the Adorable Trinity 5. They admit Children to participate of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper when only seven Years of Age because then it is say they that they begin to Sin 6. They allow not of Extream Unction and Confirmation and disapprove of fourth Marriages 7 They admit none into Holy Orders but such as are married and inhibit all second Marriages being once in Orders 8. They reject all Carved Images but admit of Pictures wherewith they adorn their Churches Lastly They observe four Lents in the Year and esteem it unlawful to Fast upon Saturdays In their Publick Worship they use four Liturgies viz. That commonly call'd St. James's St. Chrysostom's St. Basil's and St. Gregory the Great 's together with Lessons out of the Lives of their Saints which makes their Service to be of such a tedious and indiscreet length that it commonly lasts five or six Hours together The Fasts and Festivals that are yearly observ'd in the Greek Church are very numerous and were it not for them 't is probable that Christianity had been quite extirpated out of this Country ere now For by means of these Solemnities which yet are celebrated with a multitude of Ridiculous and Superstitious Ceremonies they still preserve a Face of Religion under a Patriarch who resides at Constantinople and several Archbishops and Bishops particularly those abovemention'd But did we view those Ecclesiasticks in their Intellectuals as also the lamentable State of all Persons committed to their Charge we should find both Priest and People labouring under such gross and woful Ignorance that we could not refrain from wishing that the Western Churches of Christendom by their Divisions Impieties and Abuse of Knowledge may not provoke the Almighty at last to plague them likeways with the same Darkness and Desolation This Country was watered with the Blessed Gospel in the very Infancy of Christianity and that by the powerful Preaching of St. Paul the Apostle of the Gentiles §. 3. Little Tartary THIS Country anciently Taurica Chersonesus or Tartaria Procopensis being the Lesser Scythia and a Part of old Sarmatia is term'd by the Italians Tartaria Minor by the Spaniards Tartaria Menor by the French La Petite Tartarie by the Germans Kleine Tartarey and by the English Little Tartary so call'd to distinguish it from Great Tartary in Asia as also Crim-Tartary from Crim the principal City of the Country The Air of this Country is generally granted to be of a very temperate Nature but yet unhealthful to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Little Tartary is that part of Terra Australis incognita between 240 and 250 Degrees of Longitude with 48 and 52 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 8th North Climate is very different in different Parts some Places abounding with Grain and Fruits and others pestered with undrainable Marshes and barren Mountains The Length of the Days and Nights here is the same as in the Northern Parts of France The Commodities of this Country are reckon'd Slaves Leather Chalcal-Skins and several sorts of Furs which they exchange with the Adjacent Turks for other Commodities they want Some Travellers relate of this wild and barbarous Part of the World that few or no ravenous Beasts are found therein And others tell us That many of its Fens and Marshes abound mightily with Salt which is naturally there produc'd in prodigious Quantities Archbishopricks in this Country None Bishopricks in this Country are those of Caffa Gothia Universities in this Country None The Crim-Tartars are generally Men of vigorous and robust Bodies able to endure all the Hardships of a Military Life and many of them being endu'd with Courage and Vigour of Mind conform to their Strength of Body prove the best of Soldiers They are reputed to be very just in their Dealings with one another but far otherways with Strangers Many of 'em are much addicted to Pillage and they usually feed upon Horse flesh The Language of the Crim-Tartars is the Scythian or pure Tartaresque which hath such a resemblance to the Turkish as the Spanish to the Italian these Tartars and Turks understanding one another as those of Italy and Spain The Arabick is here learn'd at School as in most Parts of Turky Pater-Noster in the Tartaresque runs thus Atscha wyzom Chy hokta sen algusch ludor senug adougkel suom chauluchong bel sun senung arkchneg aleigier da vkarhtaver visum gundoluch ot mak chu musen vougou kai visum jasuchen den bisdacha hajelberin bisum jasoch namasin datcha koima visu sumanacha illa garâ—a visenu gemandam Amen This Country is govern'd by its own Prince commonly term'd the Cham of Tartary who is under the Protection of the Great Turk whose Sovereignty he acknowledgeth by the usual Ceremony of receiving a Standard The Grana Signior actually possesseth some Part of this Country and maintains one Beglierbeg and two Sangiacks in the Places of greatest Importance As also he detains as Hostage the apparent Successor of the Cham who is ordinarly either his Son or Brother To all which the Tartars readily yield upon the Account of an Ancient Compact whereby the Turkish Empire is said to descend to them whenever the Heirs Male of the Ottoman Line shall fail The Cham of Tartary bears for his Ensigns Armorial Or three Griffins Sable arm'd Gules The Crim Tartars for the most part are zealous Professors of the Mahometan Doctrine except some who continue still Pagan and intermixt with them are many Christians especially Greeks and Armenians besides a considerable number of Roman Catholicks When this Country was first watered with the Blessed Gospel is not very certain §. 4. Danubian Provinces THE remaining Part of Turky here considered under the Title of Danubian Provinces is so call'd from the Situation of these Provinces they being near unto or upon the Banks of the Danuube But since each of 'em requires a peculiar Etymology take the same as followeth 1 Transilvania the
and Citta or Civitta Vecchia Archbishopricks and Universities none The Inhabitants of this Island not reckoning the Slaves are for the most part very Civil and Courteous to Strangers and follow the Mode of the Sicilians in Habit. They also resemble the Sicilians in some of their worst Qualities being extremely Jealous Treacherous and Cruel A corrupt Arabick doth here mightily prevail being hitherto preserv'd by the frequent Supplies of Turks taken and brought in from time to time But the Knights and People of any Note understand and speak several European Languages particularly the Italian which is authoriz'd by the Government and us'd in publick Writings This Island after many turns of Fortune was presented by the Emperor Charles V. to the Order of the Knights of St. John of Hierusalem whose place of Residence it hath hitherto been since the loss of Rhodes and is now govern'd by the Patron of that Order stil'd the Grand Master of the Hospital of St. John of Hierusalem and Prince of Malta Gaules and Goza The Knights did formerly consist of eight different Languages or Nations whereof the English was the sixth but now they 're only seven For Arms the Grand Master beareth a White Cross commonly call'd the Cross of Jerusalem with four Points The establisht Religion in Malta is that of the Church of Rome which is made essential to the Order no Person of a different Perswasion being capable to enter therein This Island receiv'd the Blessed Gospel in the Apostolick Times CANDIA THIS Island the famous Crete of the Ancients is term'd by the French Candie by the Germans Candien by the Italians Spaniards and English Candia so call'd from its chief Town Candie built by the Saracens who from their new Town gave the Island a new Name The Air of this Island is generally reckon'd to be very Temperate and Healthful to breath in but the South-winds are sometimes so boisterous that they much annoy the Inhabitants The opposite Place of the Globe to Candia is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 231 and 236 Degrees of Longitude with 34 and 37 Degrees of South Latitude This Island is bless'd with a very rich and fertil Soil producing in great abundance both Corn Wine Oyl and most sorts of excellent Fruits The length of the Days and Nights in Candia is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Barbary Of which afterwards The chief Commodities of this Island are Muscadel-Wine Malmsey Sugar Sugar-Candy Honey Wax Gum Olives Dates Rasins c. North of Mount Psilorili the famous M. Ida is a remarkable Grotto dug out of the firm Rock which divers of our Modern Travellers would fain perswade ' emselves to be some Remains of King Minos's Labyrinth so much talk'd off by the Ancients Before the Turkish Conquest of this Island there was one Archbishop who had Nine Suffragans but since they chang'd their Masters the number of such Ecclesiasticks is neither sixt nor certain The Inhabitants of this Island were formerly given to Piracy Debauchery and Lying especially the last and so noted were they for the same that a notorious Lye was commonly term'd Mendacium Cretense For this detestable Vice were they reproach'd by one of their own Poets Epimenides out of whose Writings the Apostle citeth these words K 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tit. 1. 12. Their Experience in Maritime Affairs was indeed very great and they 're represented as a very considerable People among the Ancients for their Skill in Navigation The present Inhabitants being Turks and Greeks their respective Characters are already given page 174 181. Languages here in use are the Vulgar Greek and Turkish especially the former the number of Greeks on the Island being far greater than that of the Turks For a Specimen of which Languages Vid. page 175 and 181. This Island after a bloody and tedious War of Twenty four Years between the Turks and Venetians was at last constrain'd to submit to the Ottoman Yoak Anno 1669. under which it hath ever since groan'd and is now govern'd by a Turkish Sangiack whose place of Residence is usually at Candie the Capital City of the whole Island See the Danuubian Provinces page 182. Christianity according to the Greek Church is here profess'd by Tolleration but Mahometanism is the Religion establisht by Authority This Island receiv'd the Light of the Blessed Gospel in the Apostolick Age. CYPRUS THIS Island known anciently by divers Names besides the present particular those of Acamantis Amathusa Aspelia Cryptos Cerastis Macaria and Aerosa is term'd by the Italians Isola di Cypro by the Spaniards Chypre by the French Cypre and by the Germans and English Cyprus so call'd as most imagine from K 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Cypress wherewith this Island did mightily abound in former times There being several Lakes and some Natural Salt-pits in Cyprus from which abundance of noxious Vapours daily arise these intermixing ' emselves with the Body of the Atmosphere do render the Air very gross and unhealthful to breath in especially during the sultry Heat of Summer The opposite Place of the Globe to this Island is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 235 and 240 Degrees of Longitu with 33 and 35 Degrees of South Latitude Cyprus was formerly bless'd with so rich and fruitful a Soil that from its Fertility and several Mines found therein the Greeks bestow'd upon this Island the desirable Epithet of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Beata But now 't is remarkable for neither of these especially the former being in most Parts extremely Barren though commonly represented otherways The length of the Days and Nights in Cyprus is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Barbary of which afterwards they both lying under the same Parallel of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Silk Cotton Oyl Honey Saffron Rubarb Colliquintida Scammony Turpentine Black and White Allum c. On the Eastern Part of this Island stands the famous Famagousta remarkable at present for its Mordern Fortifications and Eterniz'd in Fame for the unfortunate Valour of the Venetians Anno 1571. under the Command of Signior Bragadino against the furious Assaults of Selymus the Second with his numerous Army conducted by Piuli and Mustapha 2. Not far from the present Famagousta are the Ruins of an Ancient City generally esteem'd to have been that call'd formerly Salamina and afterwards Constantia which was ransack'd by the Jews in the time of the Emperor Trajan and finally destroy'd by the Saracens in the Reign of Heraclius 3. Nigh that Promontory commonly call'd The Cape of Cats but formerly Curias are the Ruins of a Monastry of Greek Caloyers which gave the Cape its Name from a remarkable Custom to which these Monks were oblig'd viz. Their keeping a certain number of Cats for the hunting and destroying of many Serpents that infested those Parts of
The Japanners are gross Idolaters having a multitude of Idols to whose particular Service great numbers both of Men and Women do consecrate themselves The chief of those Idols are call'd by the Names of Amida and Foqueux The Votaries of the former are said to assert the Soul's Immortality and the Pythagorean Metempsychosis and those of the latter imagine That the frequent Repetition of certain Words will attone for all their misdoings and procure to 'em the enjoyment of compleat Felicity at last Great was the multitude of Converts to Christianity once in these Islands if we might safely credit the Testimony of our Roman Missionaries who Anno 1596. reckon'd no less than 600000 of the Natives then actually professing the Christian Religion But how many soe're were really brought over to the Knowledge of the Truth most certain it is that they quickly Apostatiz'd from the same and that no Person dares openly avow the Doctrine of Christ since the Year 1614. all Europeans save the Dutch and others professing Christianity being then expell'd those Islands and not like to have any more Access there for the future §. 2. The Philippin Islands THESE Islands discovered by Magellan Anno 1520 are term'd by the Italians Philippine by the Spaniards Islas de Philippe by the French Philippines by the Germans Philippinische Insuln and by the English The Philippin Islands so call'd from Philip II. of Spain in whose time they began to be inhabited by Spaniards The Air of these Islands is very moderate notwithstanding they lie so near the Line The opposite Place of the Globe to them is the Northmost part of Brasil The Soil of these Islands is generally very fertil producing in great abundance most sorts of Grain Herbs and Fruits They are also very fit for Pasturage and several of 'em are well furnish'd with some rich Mines of Gold and other Metals The length of the Days and Nights in these Islands is much the same as in the Southern Parts of China they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Rice Pulse Wax Honey Sugar-Canes Gold Cotton-Wooll c. In the Sea surrounding these Islands is frequently seen a sort of Fish or Sea-Monster about the bigness of a Calf which in Shape doth much resemble the ancient Sirenes so famous among the Poets whence our English Navigators term it the Woman-Fish because its Head Face Neck and Breast are somewhat like those of the fair Sex In several of the Philippins are some little Vulcano's especially those of the Island Tandaia Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of Manilla And subject to him are several Suffragan Bishops but their Number and Titles are uncertain Universities in these Islands None The Natives of these Islands are generally a Couragious and valiant sort of People maintaining still their Liberty in several places They 're said to be Civil and Honest enough in their Dealings with the Chineses and Europeans but most of 'em have a great Aversion to the Spaniards having been extremely ill us'd by that Nation in divers respects The prevailing Language in these Islands is the Spanish which is not only in use among the Spaniards themselves but is also understood and spoken by many of the Natives As for the Language peculiar to 'em we can give no particular Account thereof save only its near Affinity to the Malay Tongue These Islands being mostly subject to the King of Spain are rul'd by a particular Vice Roy appointed by his Catholick Majesty whose place of Residence is in Luconia the biggest of 'em all The Natives as aforesaid do still retain their Liberties in several places especially in the Isle of Mindana where those People call'd Hilanoones i. e. Mountaineers Sologues and Alfoores acknowledge nothing of Subjection to the Spanish Power Many of the milder sort of the Natives are instructed in and make Profession of the Christian Religion and that by the care and diligence of Roman Missionaries sent thither from time to time The rest being of a savage and intractable Temper continue still in the thick Mist of Paganism The Spaniards here residing are the same in Religion with those in Spain §. 3. Isles des Larrons THESE Islands were discovered by Magellan Anno 1520. and so nam'd by him from the Nature of their Inhabitants who were excessively given to thieving This being all that 's remarkable of 'em we pass on to §. 4. The Molucques OF Moluccoes THESE Islands unknown to the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Molucche by the Spaniards Molucco's by the French Isles Moluques by the Germans die Moluccische Insuln and by the English the Molucques or Moluccoe-Islands so call'd from the word Moloc which in the Language of the Country signifieth the Head because the Islands properly call'd the Moluccoes are situated as 't were at the Head or Entrance of the Indian Archipelago These Islands lying under and on either side of the Line the Air is extremely hot and generally esteem'd very unwholesome The opposite Place of the Globe to the Moluccoes is the Northern Part of Brasil The Soil of these Islands is not reckon'd so fertil as that of the Philippin especially in Grain but for abundance of Spices and rich Mines of Gold they far surpass them The Days and Nights do not much vary in their Extent all the Year round these Islands being so near unto and partly under the Equinoctial The chief Commodities of these Islands are Gold Cotton Spices of all sorts especially Cinamon Pepper Cloves Ginger Nutmegs Mastick Alloes c. In the Island of Timor and Solor grows a Tree which stinketh exactly like Human Excrements A considerable part of an Arm of which Tree is to be seen in the Publick Musaeum of Gresham Colledge 2. In several of the Moluccoe's are divers Vulcano's particularly that call'd Gounong-apy in Banda which some Years ago made a dreadful Eruption not only of Fire and Sulphure but also of such a prodigious number of Stones that they cover'd a great part of the Island and so many dropt into the Sea that where 't was formerly forty Fathom Water near the Shore is now a dry Beach 3. In Ternata one also of the Moluccoes is another Vulcano reckon'd by many to be yet more terrible than the former for a particular Description of which Vid. Philos Trans N. 216. 4. In the Moluccoe's is a Bird term'd by the Natives Manucodiata i. e. Avis Dei and by the Europeans the Bird of Paradise He is indeed a Creature of admirable Beauty and being always seen upon the Wing 't was currently believ'd that he had no Feet But that Opinion is now found to be a gross Mistake notwithstanding the same was not only receiv'd by the unthinking Vulgar but also embrac'd even by some considering yet therein deceiv'd Naturalists among whom the great Scaliger Exerc. 228. S. 2
was one and likeways Gesner the Pliny of Germany being led into the same Error hath pictur'd that Bird accordingly To these Remarkables abovemention'd I may here add that rare Quality of Cloves one of the chief Spices produc'd in these Islands viz. their strange attractive Virtue when laid near any Liquids being able to drain a Hogshead of Wine or Water in a short time whereby some unwary Commanders of Ships have been most unexpectedly depriv'd of their beloved Liquors Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of these Islands especially such as inhabit the midland Parts are by most esteem'd a treacherous inhumane and base kind of People much given to beastly Pleasures and generally walking Naked but those upon or near the Sea-Coasts who have Commerce with Europeans are pretty well civiliz'd and several of 'em prove very ingenious Their manner of Dealing is all by Bartering they being Strangers as yet to Money All we can find of the Language peculiar to the Natives of these Islands is that 't is as barbarous as they who own it The Trading Persons among 'em in their Dealings with Strangers use the Portugueze Tongue These Islands are subject to many Sovereigns of their own and some particularly Celebes and Gilolo have each of 'em several petty Kings whom they own as Sovereign Lords and Governors The Portugueze formerly had got considerable footing in these Islands but now the Dutch who send thither many of their condemned Criminals to be there imploy'd as perpetual Slaves The Natives of the Moluccoes are for the most part gross Idolaters and intermixt with them are many Mahometans with some who know a little of Christianity which Knowledge hath not been improv'd very briskly in those poor Creatures ever since they happen'd to change their Masters §. 5. The Islands of the Sund. THESE Islands unknown to the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Isola-di Sunda by the Spaniards Islas del Sond by the French let Isles de la Sonde by the Germans die Insuln in Sunde by the English The Islands of the Sonde or Sund so call'd from the Strait of the Sund between the Isles of Java and Sumatra The Air of these Islands is extremely hot they being situated under the same Parallels of Latitude with the Moluccoes and in Sumatra 't is mighty unwholesome by reason of many Lakes wherewith that Island abounds The opposite Place of the Globe to the Isles of the Sund is part of Terra Firma and the Land of the Amazons in South America The Soil of these Islands is generally very good especially in Java and Sumatra affording great plenty of Corn and Fruits mightily abounding with the chiefest of Spices well furnish'd with various kinds of Fowl and wonderfully stor'd with rich Mines of Gold Tin Iron Sulpher and several other Minerals The length of the Days and Nights in these Islands is much the same throughout the whole Year their Latitude either South or Northern being inconsiderable The chief Commodities of these Islands are Gold in great quantities most sorts of Spices plenty of Wax and Honey store of Silks and Cottons some precious Stones and the best kind of Brass In the Island of Java are Serpents of a prodigious length and bigness one being taken at a certain time that was thirteen Yards and a half long and so big that they found a young Boar in his Belly In the same Island is a remarkable Vulcano which sometimes burns with great Rage 2 Towards the middle part of Sumatra is another burning Mountain call'd Mons Balulvanus which vomits forth Fire and Ashes in like manner as Mount Aetna in Sicily or Vesuvius in Naples 3. In the same Island is a very observable Tree call'd Sangali by the Malayans and by the Portuguese Arbor triste de dia so term'd from its remarkable property of putting forth abundance of lovely Buds every Evening which look very pleasant to the Eye and fill the places adjacent with a most fragrant Smell but these fading and falling to the Ground when the Sun ariseth it appears in a melancholy and mourning Dress all day long 4 In the Island of Borneo is a Creature usually known to our English Navigators by the Name of the Savage Man being of all Brutes likest to Man both in Shape Stature and Countenance walking also upright upon his two hinder Legs and that frequently if not always He 's a Creature of great Strength and extremely Swift in Running Many reckon him the Ape peculiar to Borneo and the hunting of him is esteem'd a princely Diversion Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of these Islands do considerably differ in Point of Manners those of Borneo being generally esteem'd Men of good Wits and approved Integrity those of Java very Treacherous Proud and much given to Lying And the Inhabitants of Sumatra are affirm'd to be good Artificers cunning Merchants and several of 'em expert Mariners The Language in these various Islands is not the same at least it doth mightily differ in variety of Dialects The Trading People who have frequent Dealings with the Franks do understand and speak the Fortugueze Tongue In each of these Islands are several Kings In Borneo two one Mahometan and the other Pagan In Sumatra and Java are many Princes some Mahometan and some Pagan The chief of those in Sumatra is the King of Achem and Materan is the chief in Java The Hollanders and Portugueze have establisht several Factories in these Islands especially the former The Natives of these Islands who reside in the Inland Parts are generally gross Idolaters but those towards the Sea-Coasts are for the most part zealous Professors of the Doctrine of Mahomet in several of its Fundamental Points §. 6. The Maldives and Ceylon THESE Islands unknown in former times except Ceylon which is thought by some to be the Ophit of Solomon and the Taprobane of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Maldivee Ceylon by the Spaniards Maldivas Ceylon by the French Isles des Maldives Ceylon by the Germans die Maldivische Insuln Ceylon and by the English the Maldives and Ceylon They are call'd Maldives from Male the chief est of 'em and Dive which in their Language signifies an Island But from whence Ceylon derives its Name is not very certain The Air of these Islands notwithstanding of their nearness to the Line is very Temperate there falling a kind of Dew every Night which mightily helps to qualify the same yet frequently mortal to Strangers But in Ceylon 't is so pure and wholesome that the Indians term this Island Temarisin i. e. a Land of Pleasure The opposite Place of the Globe to these Islands is part of Mare del Zur lying between 280 and 290 Degrees of Longitude with the Equator and 10 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these Islands is extraordinary fruitful except in Corn whereof the Maldives are said to be
the biggest Pyramid is a monstrous Figure of a prodigious greatness call'd Sphinx and by Herodotus Anarosphinx The Bust being all of one Stone represents the Face and Breasts of a Woman whose Head according to Pliny is a hundred and twenty Foot in Circumference and forty three long It 's also a hundred sixty two from the top of the Head to the lowest part of the Belly But these Dimensions are different from those of some Modern Travellers who say That 't is but twenty six Foot high and fifteen from the Chin to one of the Ears and the rest proportionably 5. Near to Grand Caire are several deep Subterranean Cavities hewen out of the firm Rock and having variety of Hieroglyphicks inscrib'd on the Walls in which repose several of the famous Egyptian Mummies and in some of those Repositories of the Dead it is that certain Lamps are said to have been found which constantly burn without consuming till expos'd to the open Air. 6 In the famous River of Nile is abundance of Crocodiles those terrible and devouring Animals now accounted the same with that Creature mention'd in the Book of Job under the Name of Leviathan commonly taken for the Whale but falsly as Bochart De Animalibus S. S. Part 2. Cap. 16 17 18. hath fully demonstrated A compleat Skeleton of this Animal about four Yards three quarters long may be seen in the Repository of Gresham Colledge being presented to the Royal Society by that truly Worthy and Ingenious Gentleman the Honourable Sir Robert Southwell To these Curiosities of Egypt I might here add that Supernatural but Fictitious Prodigy that 's reported to be yearly seen near to old Caire viz. The Annual Resurrection of many dead Bones on Holy Wednesday Thursday and Friday according to the old Calendar which both Turks and Christians in those Parts do firmly believe and that by the means of some pious Frauds of a few designing Santo's among them Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities See Natolia page 262. The Egytians now a-days being Persons of a low Stature tawny Complexion and of spare Bodies are generally reckon'd Cowards Luxurious Cruel Cunning and Treacherous They much degenerate from their Ancestors in every thing save only a vain Affectation of divining which some as yet pretend unto The chief Language commonly us'd in this Country is the Turkish and Vulgar Arabick or Moriâ—k especially the latter The Arabs brought in their Language with their Conquests which hath been preserved here ever since but the Cophti's still retain the use of the Ancient Egyptian Tongue which is very different from all the Oriental Languages especially in their Religious Performances In places of any considerable Traffick many of the European Tongues are understood and spoken This Country very famous of old both in Sacred and Prophane History being a Province of the Turkish Empire is govern'd by a particular Bassa or Beglerbeg who commonly resideth at Grand Cairo which Post is generally esteem'd the most Honourable Government of any belonging to the Port having under him no less than fifteen different Governments as also a powerful Militia commonly reckon'd the most considerable of all the Ottoman Empire See Turky in Europe page 182. The Inhabitants of this Country being Moors Turks and Arabs besides the Natural Egyptians are for the most part stricter Observers of Mahomet's Doctrine than any People elsewhere through all the Ottoman Dominions Here also are Jews in great numbers as also many Christians call'd Cophti who follow the Errors of Eutyches and Dioscorus yet not concurring with them in every Point The Christian Faith was first planted here by St. Mark who is universally acknowledg'd to have been the first Bishop of Alexandria SECT II. Concerning Barbary  d. m. Situated between 04 16 of Long. its greatest Length from W. to E. is about 2300 Miles 52 10 between 24 40 of Latit Breadth from N. to S is about 380 Miles 35 00 Barbary comprehends the Kingdoms of Morocco Chief Town Idem From W. to E. Fez Idem Rlensen Idem Algiers Idem Tunis Idem Tripo'i Idem Barca Idem Barbary being the most considerable at least the best known Country of all Africa I shall in particular consider its Divisions Therefore Chief Towns in Morocco are Taradunt Found from S. to N. Gazula Morocco Tednest Ehn din Teszca Fez are Fez in the main Land From S. to N. E. upon the Sea-Coast Beniz Saliee Larach Arzilla Tanger now demolish'd Ceuta Telensin are Oraâ— From W. to E. Tenâ— Chief Towns in Algiers are Algier From W. to E. Bugia Gigiari Bona Tunis are Beggia From W. to E upon the Sea-Coast Biserta Tunis Mahometa Susa Tripoli are Tripoli From W. to E. Lebida Misurata Barca are Barca From S. to N. Zadra THIS Country comprehending Mauritiana of the Ancients as also Africa propria and Lybia is term'd by the Italians Barbaria by the Spaniards Berberia by the French Barbarie by the Germans Barbaryen and by the English Barbary so call'd by the Saracens from Barbar which signifieth a murmuring Sound because this People seem'd at first to their Conquerors to pronounce their Language after a strange murmuring manner Others do rather imagine that the Romans upon their Conquest of this Country call'd it Barbaria and its Inhabitants Barbarians because of the Rudeness and Barbarity of their Manners The Air of this Country is indifferently temperate and generally esteem'd very heathful to breath in The opposite Part of the Globe to Barbary is part of Mare de'l Zur and Mare Pacificum lying between 184 and 232 Degrees of Longitude with 24 and 35 Degrees of Southern Latitude This Country lying in the 4th and 5th North Climate is very fertil in Corn and most kinds of Fruit although 't is full of Mountains and Woods especially towards the Mediterranean Sea It breadeth many kinds of Beasts particularly Lyons and Leopards with many Apes and some Elephants besides abundance of Cattle The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours â…“ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Honey Wax Oyl Sugar Flax Hemp Hides Cordevants Dates Almonds Mantles c. On Mount Zagoan about six Miles South from Tunis are many Ruins of an old Castle built by the Ancient Romans with several Latin Inscriptions as yet to be seen upon divers Marble Stones 2 From the aforesaid Mountain to the City of Carthage was once a curious Aqueduct and upon Mount Guestet in the same Neighbourhood are some plain Vestigia of Roman Magnificence still visible to this Day 3. In the City of Morocco are two magnificent Temples one built by Ali and the other by Addul Mumen which deserve the particular regard of a curious Traveller 4. In the Palace Royal of the Morocco Emperors a Building of a vast Extent and term'd by the Natives Alcacave or Michouart is a stately Mosque with a very high Turret on
and 235 Degrees of Longitude with 22 and 32 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is somewhat Barren the Ground for the most part being very Sandy yet in some low Valleys is found Corn and great Quantity of Dates The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very few they chiefly consisting in Corn Cattle Dates and Indigo A certain River whose Origine is in Mount Atlas but watereth the Plains of Bildulgerid in its main Body passing by a Town call'd Teolacha hath a Current of Water extreamly warm and is known to European Travellers by no other Name than la Riviere Chaude or the Hot River 2. There 's another River issuing out of the Mountains of Numidia and passing by the four Forts of Ifran disgorgeth it self into the main Ocean between Bojadore and the Town of Nun which in the Winter-time when other Rivers do usually swell over their Banks grows commonly dry and goes thereupon by the Frank Name of la Riviere Seche 3. Nigh the aforesaid Teolacha is a little Village call'd Deusen which is of great Antiquity being built by the Romans as appears by the Remains of several Structures and some Roman Sepulchres besides variety of Medals found frequently after a Rain having commonly a Head upon one side of 'em with Latin Inscriptions and Trophies on the other Vid Dapper 's late Description of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Country besides the Natives being chiefly Arabs are generally Ignorant Cruel Lecherous and much given to Robbing All we can learn of the Language commonly us'd by the Natives of this Country is that 't is as Rude and Barbarous as they themselves The Arabs here residing do still retain their own Tongue This great Body is subject unto several little Kings or Lords who for the most part are Tributary to the Great Turk and Emperor of Morocco Some places are govern'd in Form of Independent Commonwealths and others are without any kind of Government or Order among them The Religion profess'd by the Savage Inhabitants of this Country is that of Mahometanism but many of 'em are sunk into the grossest Stupidity as to Religious Matters either not knowing what they profess or professing as good as none at all Here are several Jews scatter'd up and down those places best inhabited The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country much about the same time with Barbary Of which already SECT IV. Concerning Zaara or the Desert  d. m. Situated between 02 00 of Long. Itsgreatest Length from W to E. is about 2340 Miles 50 00 between 21 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 330 Miles 28 00 Zaara or the Desert comprehends the Provinces of Borno Chief Town Idem From W. to E. Gaogo Idem Bardoa Idem Lempta Idem Targa Idem Zuenziga Idem Zanhaga Tagassa THIS Country a Part of Ancient Lybia the Seat of the Getuli and Garamantes is term'd by the Italians Zaara by the Spaniards Zaara o Desierto by the French Zahara ou Desert by the Germans Zaara or Wijste and by the English Zaara or the Desert so call'd by the Arabians the Name signifying a Desert because 't is a Country very Barren and thinly inhabited The Air of this Country is much the same as in Bildulgerid only a little more hot yet very wholsome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Zaara is that part of Mare del Zur and Mare Pacificum dying between 182 and 243 Degrees of Longitude with 21 and 28 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate being generally very Dry and Sandy is not fertil either for Corn or Fruits yea 't is generally so barren that its Inhabitants can hardly live Such are those vast Deserts and terrible Mountains of Sand in this Country that Travellers are frequently reduc'd to great Extremities being liable either to be overwhelm'd with Sand if a Tempest of Wind arise or to perish with Thirst if it chance not to Rain To prevent the last of these the first being unavoidable in case of Wind they commonly kill one of their Camels and drink the Water in his Stomach those Creatures taking in so large a quantity at one time as sufficeth Nature for fourteen or fifteen Days together The longest Day in the Northmost Part is about 13 Hours¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very inconsiderable they chiefly consisting in a few Camels Dates and Cattle Nigh to C. Bojadore on the West of Zahara are certain Banks of Sand stretching along that part of the Coast towards which so strong a Current sets in that the Water being in a mighty Agitation both Waves and Sand mixing together do not only resemble a boiling Salt-pan but also they frequently mount up to a prodigious height 2. In the Desert of Araoan are two Tombs with Inscriptions upon 'em importing that the Persons there interr'd were a rich Merchant and a poor Carrier who both di'd of Thirst and that the former had given ten thousand Ducats for one Cruise of Water 3. North of Gaogo are some Vesligia of the Ancient Cyrene the chief City of Lybia Cyrenaica and formerly one of the famous Pentapolis Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities None The Inhabitants of this Country being mostly Arabs are an Ignorant Brutish and Savage kind of People resembling rather Wild Beasts than Rational Creatures What was said of the Language spoken by the Natives of Bildulgerid the same may be affirm'd of that commonly us'd in this Country viz. that it 's as Rude and Barbarous as they who speak it This great Country is subject to several particular Lords whom they term Xeques but many of 'em wander up and down hunting in great Companies accounting themselves Independant This Country being stockt with Arabs the only Religion here profess'd is that of Mahomet's but so Barbarous and Brutish is the generality of this People that many of 'em live without the least sign of Religion among them The Christian Faith was once planted here but quite exterminated towards the beginning of the Eighth Century SECT V. Concerning the Land of the Negroes  d. m. Situated between 00 10 of Long. It s greatest Length from W. to E. is about 2280 Miles 46 20 between 10 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 600 Miles 23 10 The Land of the Negroes comprehends the Provinces of Genohoa Chief Town Idem From W. to E. upon the North of the Niger Galata Idem Tombut Idem Agades Idem Cano Idem Cassena Idem Guangara Idem Melli Idem From W. to E. upon the South of the Niger Mandinga Idem
at other times on all four and so near is their resemblance to Human Shape that many of the Negroes either take them for Real Men imagining that by long continuance in the Woods they 're become Demi-Brutes or look upon them as the spurious Issue of unnatural Commixtures Some of our Modern Travellers would fain perswade the World that such Creatures are the Genuin Off-spring either of the Ancient Satyrs or Pygmies so famous among the Poets and so frequently mention'd by Pliny who spoke much of them by hear-say But others with more shew of probability do reckon them specifically the same with the Apes of Borneo already mention'd page 289. For a full and satisfactory Account of this remarkable Creature with a nice Examination of the various Conjectures about it I must refer the Reader to a particular Treatise on that Subiect now preparing for the Press by the Learned Dr. Teyson Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country are great Idolaters very Superstitious and much given to Stealing In Complexion they 're of the blakest sort and most of 'em walk quite Naked without the least shame Some of 'em on the Sea-Coast are given to Trading and understand Commerce tollerably well but generally they 're a cheating proud lazy and sluttish kind of People Remarkable is one fundamental Law or rather an Ancient Custom among some People upon the Quaqua-Coast viz. That every Person is oblig'd to betake himself to the same Trade or Imployment which his Fore-fathers have follow'd Upon the Death of a Husband in the Kingdom of Benin the Widow becomes wholly subject to her own Son if any and may be reckon'd among his number of Slaves only with this difference that she can't be sold without leave obtain'd from the immediate Prince of the Country where they live To kill a considerable number of Slaves at the Funeral of any great Person was a Custom almost universal through all Pagan Countries and particularly here but much worn out in these latter Ages The chief Language in this Country is that call'd Sungai which is also understood and spoken in several Adjacent Countries particularly Tombut and Melli. Of the several Tongues in use upon the Golden Coast That of the Acanistes is most universal being current almost all Guinea over except Anten Acara Ningo and Sinco which have each their particular Dialects The Trading Part of 'em understand and speak Portugueze This Country owneth Subjection to several Sovereigns the chief of whom is ordinarily stil'd the Emperor of Guinea to whom divers other Kings and Princes are subject Next to him is the King of Benin who is esteem'd a powerful Prince having several States Subject and Tributary unto him Paganism is the Religion of this Country the Profession whereof is attended with many ridiculous Superstitions and in some places on the Golden Coast that Diabolical Custom of offering up Human Sacrifices is still in use but not so current as formerly The Pythagorcan Opinion embrac'd by a great part of the Heathen World prevails mightily here Those of the Kingdom of Benin do own a Supreme Being whom they call by the Name of Orifa acknowledging him as the Creator of Heaven and Earth but think it needless to serve him because say they he being Infinitely Good will be sure not to hurt them On the very contrary Account they 're very careful in paying their Devotions and offering Sacrifices to the Devil or some bad Spirit who they think is the cause of all their Calamities They likeways offer up a yearly Sacrifice to the Sea reckoning thereby to appease the Waves and procure calm and peaceable Weather In several other parts of this Country are neither Idol nor Temple and many of the People seem to entertain but very slender hopes of a future State and wholly deny the Resurrection of the Body except those who are kill'd in the Wars Which Exception hath been undoubtedly inculcated upon 'em by some of their Princes and that probably out of a Political Design SECT VII Concerning Nubia  d. m. Situated between 42 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S. W. is about 840 Miles 57 00 between 09 30 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 570 Miles 23 00 Nubia North the River Nuba chief Towns are Samna South Nubia THIS Country known formerly under the same Name is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Nubia by the French Nubie by the Germans Nubien and by the English Nubia so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Nubi or Nubii or according to others the Nobadoe and Nobades and finally some would derive its Name from Nuabia once the Capital City of the whole Country The Air of this Country is every where extreamly hot it being seldom qualifi'd with Showers of Rain The opposite Place of the Globe to Nubia is part of Mare de'l Zur lying between 220 and 240 Degrees of Longitude with 9 and 23 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 2d and 3d North Climate is said to be very fertil in those Parts adjacent to the River Nile but elsewhere 't is generally very barren being cumbered with many formidable Mountains of Sand. Here is good store of Elephants some Sugar-Canes and as several report a few Mines of Gold The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the South-most 11 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Civet Sugar Ivory Arms c. In divers Parts of Nubia are still extant the Ruins of many Christian Churches being reckon'd one hundred and fifty in all with several Pictures of our Blessed Saviour the Virgin Mary and many Saints Most observable is that strange subtile Poyson produc'd in this Country one Grain thereof being able to kill ten Men in a quarter of an Hour It 's commonly sold at an hundred Ducats an Ounce but never to Strangers unless they promise by Oath not to use it in these Parts of the World Remarkable is this Country for being the Birth-place of the famous Nubian Geographer Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Nubians of a Colour extraordinary Black are said to be a strong couragious and cunning sort of People much given to War very Laborious and many of 'em exceeding Wealthy there being establisht a considerable Traffick between them and the Merchants of Grand Caire in Egypt The Nubians have a particular Language of their own which hath some Affinity with the Arabick and Chaldean as also some agreement with the old Egyptian Tongue This Country is govern'd by its own Independent King who is said to be a very Powerful Prince One of his Predecessors call'd Cyriacus upon Information of the Christians being oppress'd in Egypt is reported to have rais'd one hundred thousand Horse for their relief This spacious Country was once Christian but the Ministry
their worldly Estate for that noble Undertaking which might probably be less subject to Abuses than erecting and endowing of Hospitals Alms-houses and such like that in process of time such a stock of Money might be settl'd in a sure Fund as yearly to afford a desirable Competency to a continued Set of Men who should be found sussiciently able and willing to labour in that most Christian Design §. 6. New York THIS Country discover'd Anno 1608. by Mr. Hudson is term'd by the Italians Yorke Nouella by the Spaniards Nuevo York by the French Nouvelle Yorke by the Germans New Yorke and by the English New York so call'd from the then Duke of York for it being sold by Mr. Hudson to the Dutch without leave from his Master the King of England and they keeping Possession thereof under the Name of New Netherland till the Year 1664. 't was then reduc'd to the English Crown whereupon King Charles the II. by special Writ made his Royal Brother the Duke of York Proprietor of it from whom as aforesaid it derives its Name The Air of this Country is commonly reputed to be much the same with that of New England The opposite Place of the Globe to New York is that part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 120 and 130 Degrees of Longitude with 40 and 42 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country as also Long Island is by general Relation so rich that one Bushel of European Wheat doth ordinarily produce an hundred in many places It aboundeth likeways with most sorts of English Grain Herbs and Fruits and produceth excellent Tobacco as also Melons Pumpkins c. The length of the Days and Nights in this Country is the same as in the Kingdom of Naples they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Country are Tobacco Bever Otter Ratoon Deer and Elk-Skins and other costly Furs for which the English and Dutch trade with the Natives In divers Parts of New York especially those nigh unto and upon the Banks of the River Connecticut grows a sort of Snake-Weed whose Root is much esteem'd off for the Biting of the Rattle-Snake Being pulveriz'd it hath an excellent Fragrant Smell and a good Aromatick Taste but seems different from the Serpentaria of the Shops Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country especially those of Long Island are by mortal Diseases and frequent Wars among themselves reduc'd to a small number Some of 'em are now serviceable to the English and the rest spend their time commonly in Hunting Fowling and Fishing especially the Men who remove from place to place and leave their Wives for Tilling the Ground and Planting the Corn. They 're much given of late to Drinking and frequently intoxicate themselves with strong European Liquors The Inhabitants of this Country being English and a few Dutch do use the Languages peculiar to their respective Countries The Natives speak a very unpleasant Dialect of the Indian Tongue The Natives of this Country are govern'd by their peculiar Sachems who are said to advise with their chief Councellors in Matters of Importance but still to pronounce the definitive Sentence themselves which their People commonly receive with great Applause The English here residing are subject unto and rul'd by their own Governor authorized and sent over by His Majesty the King of Great Britain The English here residing are much the same in Point of Religion with those here in England But the Natives are still in the dark and addicted to the blackest Idolative the generality of 'em being said to Worship the Devil under the Name of Monetto to whom they frequently address themselves with a kind of Magical Rites and their Priests call'd Pawaws do act as so many Conjurers §. 7. New Jersey THIS Country discover'd by the English under the Conduct of the two Cabots Anno 1497. and lately divided into East and West Jersey is term'd by the Italians Jerscia Nouella by the Spaniards Nuevo Jersey by the French Nouvelle Jersey by the Germans Neu Jerseii and by the English New Jersey so call'd from the Island Jersey in the British Channel but why so term'd is somewhat dubious The Air of this Country is esteem'd abundantly healthful to breath in and agreeable enough to English Constitutions as sufficiently appears from the long Experience of many Planters The opposite Place of the Globe to New Jersey is that part of the vast Indian Ocean lying between 120 and 130 Degrees of Longitude with 39 and 41 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil is not every where the same being in some Parts extraordinary good and in others very indifferent But 't is generally believ'd to prove much better after the felling of the Timber and clearing the Ground in which the Colony begins now to make a good Progress The length of the Days and Nights in this Country is the same as in the South of Italy they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities exported hence for England are Whale-Oyl Whale-Fins Bever Monkey Ratoon and Martin-Skins As also Beef Pork Corn Butter and Cheese to the adjacent Islands As the principal Observables of New Jersey we may reckon some rare Plants growing in divers Parts of that Country and easily found by the curious Botanist if only at the pains to make a search proportionable to his Curiosity Here also is that huge Creature call'd the Moose of whose Skin they make excellent Buff. Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country fewer in number than in most of the adjacent Colonies are generally reckon'd a very simple and innocent sort of People and many of 'em are now become very serviceable to the Planters The English here residing are much the same in Manners with those in England All that can be said of the Language of the Natives of this Country is in general that 't is one of the many different Dialects of the Indian Tongue Those of the Plantation retain and use their own Language This Country being divided into a certain number of Shares or Proprieties out of each Propriety is Annually chosen a Freeholder by the Inhabitants thereof These Freeholders meet at a certain time of the Year as a General Assembly or compleat Representative Body of the whole Colony In that Assembly together with the Governor or his Deputy is lodg'd the Legislative Power in making or repealing of Laws relating to the whole Province but still with this Restriction that they no ways infringe that Liberty of Conscience at first establisht and that by an irrevocable Fundamental Constitution never to be alter'd by any subsequent Law whatsoever No Tax or Subsidy Rates or Services are to be impos'd upon the People but by and with the Consent of their Representatives in that Assembly The English here residing are of different
Sorsaparilla Turmerick Snakes-Root c. What chiefly deserves the Epithet of Rare in Carolina is a certain Herb which goes by the Name of the Country and remarkable for its long red Root which draws upon Paper good red Lines but answers not in Dying Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country being naturally Men of good Courage and for a long time at Wars among themselves are mightily diminish'd in their Number by what they were But those remaining are generally Persons of a good agreeable Temper and maintain a firm Friendship with our Colony The English here residing are the same in Manners with those here in England The Natives have a particular Jargon of their own which sounds very harsh to the Ear and seems to Strangers extreamly hard if not impossible to be acquir'd The English use their own Language King Charles II. having granted Carolina by Letters-Patent in Propriety to George Duke of Albemarle Edward Earl of Clarendon c. by those Letters the Laws of England were to be always in force in this Country only the Lords Proprietors are impower'd together with the Consent of the Inhabitants to make or repeal such By-Laws as shall from time to time be thought expedient for the better governing of the whole Colony The English here residing are of many and different Perswasions in Matters of Religion there being a Liberty of Conscience allow'd by the very Constitution of their Government The Natives have as yet no reveal'd Knowledge of the True God but follow the vain Imaginations of their own Minds however they are said to acknowledge one Supreme Being whom they Worship under the Name of Okee and to him their Priests do frequently Sacrifice but they believe that he takes no care of Human Affairs committing them to lesser Deities They acknowledge also a Transmigration of Souls and a Future State of Happiness after this Life SCET. V. Concerning Terra Arctica UNDER the Title of Terra Arctica we comprehend all those Northern Countries lying either intirely or mostly within the Arctick Polar Circle The chief of which are these following viz. Greenland Nova Zembla New Denmark Spitsberge Terra de Jesso New North Wales Of these we know little more as yet than their bare Names I am very sensible That in treating of them yea and that individual Part of the Earth exactly under the North Pole some Writers are pleas'd to speak as particularly as if they were discoursing of the Fifty two Counties of England But leaving such Gentlemen to divert themselves with their own Chimera's and leaving these Countries to the better Discovery of Future Ages I pass on to the various Divisions of South America chusing rather to say nothing of the aforesaid unknown Countries than to relate things of them that are satisfactory neither to my self nor the Reader being willing to have due regard to that excellent Saying of the Roman Orator Quam bellum est velle confiteri potius nescire guod Nescias quam ista effutientem nauseare atque ipsum sibi displicere Cic. de Nat. Deor. Lib. 1. Now followeth SECT VI. Concerning Terra Firma  d. m. Situated between 297 30 of Long. It s greatest Length from E to W. is about 1260 Miles 330 00 between 03 20 of Latit Breadth from S. to N. is about 480 Miles 11 30 Being divided into East the River Orinoque call'd Guiana West the River Orinoque term'd Castello del Oro. East comprehands the Provinces of Caribana Chief Town Moreshego N. to S. Guiana Manboa West comprehends the Provinces of Panama or Terra Firma Panama From W. to E. Carthagena Idem St Martha Idem Rio de la hacha Idem Venezula Idem Andaluzia Comane Paria Maluregvara From E. to W. Granada St. Fe de Bagota Popayan St. Fe de Antiochia THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards and Conquer'd Anno 15 14. is term'd by the Italians Terra Firma by the Spaniards Tierra Firma by the French Terre Ferme by the Germans Het vast Land and by the English Terra Firma so call'd by the Discoverers thereof as being one Part of the Firm Land or Main Continent at which the Spaniards first touch'd in their Western Discoveries The Air of this Country is extreamly hot yet generally accounted very wholesome save in the Northmost Parts adjacent to the Isthmus of Panama where the Ground is full of Lakes and Marishes which by their ascending Vapours do render the Air very gross and consequently less wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Terra Firma is that part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 107 and 150 Degrees of Longitude with 3 Degrees of North and 11 Degrees of Southern Latitude This Country lying mostly in the first North Climate is said to be blessed with an excellent Soil producing great plenty of Corn and Fruits where duly manur'd It mightily abounds in Venison Fish and Fowl A great part of it is planted with Cotton and others are very productive of Sugars and Tobacco Here are also very considerable Mines of Gold Silver Brass c. many precious Stones and in several places good fishing of Pearls The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is 12 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 12 Hours or thereabouts and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Silver and other Metals Balsam Rozin Gums Long Pepper Emeralds Saphires Jasper c. Upon the Coast of Terra Firma nigh Surinam is frequently seen and sometimes taken that Fish usually call'd by Mariners the Old Wife but otherways the Square Acarauna so term'd from his Figure being almost a compleat Quadratum 2. In several Parts of Guiana are certain Trees call'd Totock remarkable for their Fruit which is of so great a bulk and withal so hard that People can't with safety walk among 'em when the Fruit is ripe being in danger every moment to have their Brains knockt out 3. In one of the Branches of Orenoque River is such a hideous Cataract that the Water falling down makes as loud a Noise as if a thousand Bells were knock'd one against another Vid. Heylin's Cosmog last Edition page 1086. 4. On the top of a high Mountain call'd Cowob is a considerable Lake according to the Report of the Natives and that well-stockt with most sorts of Fishes 5 In some Rivers of Guiana is a certain little Fish about the bigness of a Smelt and remarkable for having four Eyes two on each side one above the other and in Swiming 't is observ'd to keep the uppermost two above and the other two under Water 6. In the Island of Trinidado near the Coast of Terra Firma is a remarkable Fountain of Pitch which boileth out of the Earth in great abundance and is exported thence to various places in these Parts of the World 7. Near C. Brea on the Continent is another Fountain of Pitchy Substance much us'd
considerable bigness and remarkable for its shining Property in the Dark appearing as a little Lanthorn at a distance whereupon the Natives when oblig'd to Travel a Nights do usually fasten a few of 'em to a Stick and by their Light can clearly see their way We may also add those extraordinary little Birds of this Country call'd Tomineios of whom in Brasile being of so small a Bulk that they surpass not common wild Bees in bigness And finally those prodigious great Birds nam'd Condores who are so large and strong that they 'll set upon and devour an ordinary Calf For all these and several other Remarkables of Peru Vid. J. Acosta his Natural and Moral History of the Indies Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of Lima. Bishopricks are those of Cusco Truxillo Quinto Arequipa Guamanga Universities in this Country None The Natives of this Country are reported to be a People that 's for the most part very Simple and grosly Ignorant Those towards the Equator are generally esteem'd more Ingenious than the rest but withal much addicted to two most detestable Vices viz. Dissimulation and Sodomy The Spaniards here residing are much the same with those in Spain The Language of the Natives did formerly consist of several quite different Dialects or rather so many distinct Tongues they being unintelligible to one another but these are much diminish'd and daily grow fewer for the People in the lower Part of this Country being now almost intirely civiliz'd have left their Ancient Jargon and commonly use the Spanish Tongue This rich Country by most probable Conjectures was govern'd by its Incas or Hereditary Kings above three hundred Years before the Spaniards got any footing therein but being fully master'd by them Anno 1533. under the Conduct of Pizarro it hath been ever since accounted a considerable Part of the King of Spain's American Dominions and is govern'd by his Vice-Roy who ordinarily resideth at Lima. In several places the Natives especially those of the Mountains maintain as yet their Liberties and are rul'd by some particular Caciques The Peruvians except those converted to Christianity are gross Idolaters worshipping the Sun Moon Stars Lightning Thunder c. To each of such Deities were formerly erected in this Country very stately Temples whose Remains are still extant in many places besides one almost intire viz. that at Cusco This Temple was dedicated to the Sun but is now a part of the Monastry of St Dominick Its Walls were over-laid with Plates of Gold from top to bottom and in it was set up a glorious Representation of the Sun being a lively Figure of that Caelestial Body in pure Massy Gold Near to this Temple were four others one whereof was dedicated to the Moon whom they call'd Quilla reckoning her either Wife or Sister to the Sun Another to the Planet Venus which they term'd Chasca A third to Thunder and Lightning which went by the common Name of Yllapa And a fourth to Cuychu i. e. Iris or the Rainbow All of them were wonderfully errich'd with either Gold or Silver and besides these were many others through the various Provinces of this once mighty Empire but the most magnificent Temple of all Peru was that spendid piece of Indian Architecture in a certain Island of the Lake Titicaca in which the Incas are believ'd to have hid a great deal of Treasure when the Spaniards invaded their Country SCET. VIII Concerning the Land of the Amazons This vast Country is of no certain Extent nor Division neither hath it any remarkable Town THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards Anno 1541. is term'd by the Italians Paese di Amazona by the Spaniards Tierra de las Amazonas by the French Pais des Amazones by the Germans Y land van d' Amazones and by the English The Land of the Amazons so call'd from the many warlike Women resembling the Ancient Amazons who appear'd in Arms on the Banks of the River Amazone at the Europeans first entring into this Country The Air of this Country in places as yet discover'd is reported to be very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Country The opposite Place of the Globe to the Land of the Amazons is partly the Gulf of Bengal and partly the Peninsula of Malacca The Soil of this Country it lying in the 1st 2d and 3d South Climate where yet discover'd is very fertil producing great variety of Fruits and Grain Here also are abundance of Mines Sugar-Canes Cacoa and Tobacco The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 12-Hours and a little more the shortest in the Southmost is 11 Hours and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are reckon'd Gold Silver Sugar Cacoa Ebony Tobacco c. but this Part of the World being as yet very slenderly known and little frequented by Strangers these may be rather reckon'd the Product than Staple Commodities of this Country In the River Amazone is a dreadful Cataract a considerable way from the Sea for the Water being penn'd up between two steep Rocks under which is a hideous Precipice the Stream falleth down with great Violence and Noise Yet notwithstanding of this so terrible a Fall there be many of the Natives who 't is reported are so bold as to descend that Stream in their little Canoos In falling they are sure to turn topsy-turvy many times and are severely plung'd in the Deep when down yet such is their Care and Nimbleness that they quickly recover their Canoos and forthwith proceed on their Voyage J. Acosta Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None Upon the Banks of the River Amazone as is hinted at already were discover'd about fifty different Nations who seem'd generally to be a fierce and savage sort of People all both Men and Women appearing in Arms at the first approaching of the Spaniards and they still continue as fierce and savage as formerly and many of 'em are reported to be Anthropophagi or eaters of Human Flesh Our knowledge of this as yet ill discover'd Country is so slender and the Commerce between Europeans and this People so little that we can make no Observations on the Nature and Number of their Languages How this People is govern'd or if any Form of Government among them is not yet very certain A further Enquiry into the sume must be referr'd to the better Discovery of Future Ages That the Inhabitants of this Country are in general gross Idolaters is most that can be said of them as yet They are reported to make their Images of Wood and to set them up in the Corners of their Houses having no Temples and do firmly believe That those polish'd Pieces of Timber are really inhabited by some Divinities descended from Heaven being taught the same by their Priests SECT IX Concerning Brasil  d. m. Situated between 322 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S.
failing the Inhabitants for want of Pastors fell off from Christianity and in process of time became either strict Mahometans or Gross Idolaters The Sound of the Blessed Gospel did reach the Nubians and was cordially receiv'd by them in the earliest Ages of the Church SECT VIII Concerning Ethiopia  d. m. Situated between 35 20 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S. W. is about 3600 Miles 73 20 between 23 00 of Latit Breadth from W. to E. is about 2180 Miles 34 30 It being divided into Ethiopia Interior Exterior Ethiopia Interior comprehends many Provinces the chief of which are Barnagasso Chief Town Barva N. to S. Tigremahon Chaxumo Dobassat Dobas Fatigar Idem Angote Idem Amara Idem S. to N. Beleguanze Idem Bagamedri Idem Exterior comprehends the Kingdoms of Biafara Chief Town Idem N. to S. on the W. of the Abyssins Loango Idem Congo Salvador Angola Idem Empires of Monoemungi Camure N. to S on the South of the Abyssines Monomotapa Idem Coasts of Cafres Cofala Zangucbar Melinda S to N. on the E. of the Abyssins Ajan Brava Abex Erecco THIS vast Complex Body being generally considered as divided into these Two Classes viz. Upper and Lower or rather Ethiopia Interior and Exterior I shall seperately Treat of them both Therefore §. 1. Ethiopia Interior or the Land of the Abyssines THIS Country but badly known to the Ancients and much encroach'd upon of late by Neighbouring Princes is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Abyssinia by the French l' Empire des Abyssins by the Germans Abyssinen and by the English Ethiopia Interior or The Land of the Abyssines It 's call'd Interior because of its Situation in respect of the other Ethiopia being encompass'd by the same on three sides and Abyssinia either from the River Abas or its Inhabitants whom the Arabians call Abassi a People once residing in Arabia Foelix The Name in the Egyptian Language signifieth Scattered Nations This Country being wholly within the Torrid Zone its Air is generally very hot but yet in some Valleys extreamly cool and temperate by reason of the many and prodigious high Mountains so situated in divers places that at certain times of the Year they intercept the Sun-beams from low Valleys lying between them The opposite Place of the Globe to the Land of the Abyssines is part of Mare de'l Zur and Mare Pacificum lying between 215 and 252 Degrees of Longitude with 10 and 23 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 1st 2d 3d North and 1st 2d 3d South Climate is very different for in some places adjacent to the numerous Branches of the Nile the Ground is sit to produce most sorts of Grain Fruits and Herbs in great plenty but in those that are Mountainous and Remote from the Nile nothing is to be seen but vast Deserts sandy Mountains and formidable Rocks This Land is also said to produce great store of Sugar-Canes Mines of Iron a great quantity of Flax and plenty of Vines but the Inhabitants either know not or care not to make use of these things to any considerable advantage The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Metals some Gems Corn Cattle Salt Flax Wines Sugar-Canes c. Many are the Natural Salt-Pits of excellent Rock-Salt in this Country and in the Confines of Dancala and Tigra two Adjacent Kingdoms is a large Plain of four days Journey one side whereof is intirely crusted over with pure white Salt which serves the Inhabitants of the Country both far and near some hundreds of Camels Asses and Mules being daily imploy'd in carrying of it 2. In the Mountains of Gojame is a great natural hollow Rock opposite to which is another so situated that according to Travellers Accounts of those Parts a Word only whispered on its top is heard at a considerable distance and the joint Voices of several Persons speaking at once appear as loud as a great Shout of a numerous Army 3. Of the many Christian Temples in this vast Empire there are ten stately ones hewen out of the firm Rock which are reported to have been all perfected in twenty four Years and each of 'em are said to be proportionable in all its Parts with Gates and Windows in a most regular manner For the Ichnography of one of those Temples Vid. Comment J. Ludolphi in Historiam suam Ethiopicam lib. 2. cap. 5. page 235. 4. In several Lakes of this Country and the River Nile is frequently seen that amphibious Creature call'd by the Ethiopians Bihat and Hippopotamus by the Greeks because of its having some resemblance to a Horse in several Parts of the Body This is that Creature which goes by the Name of Behemoth in the Book of Job according to the Learned Bochartus De Animalilus S. S. Part 2. cap. 15. who therein differs extreamly from the Vulgar and formerly receiv'd Opinion in this matter 5. In other Lakes and Rivers is sometimes taken the Torpil Fish whose Nature is such that if a Person only touch it he 's suddenly seiz'd with an excessive Cold and Trembling The Natives are said to allay the violent Heat of burning Fevers by touching the Patient therewith 6. Of the many curious Birds in this Country the Pipis is most observable as being the ready Conductor of Hunters to find out their Game for having discover'd any Beast in his luâ—king place he 's said to fly towards the Huntsmen and calling incessantly Fonton Kerre which imports that they should follow him he flies softly before them and is sure to conduct them to their desired Prey 7 Great is the variety of strange Animals to be seen in various Provinces of this vast Empire the most noted of which are these three First That Creature commonly call'd by the Natives Arweharis and by the Arabs Harish or Harshan which hath one long Horn in its Forehead Whereupon some conclude that this is the famous Unicorn of the Ancients Secondly The Cameleopard so term'd from having a Head and Neck like a Camel and a spotted Body as a Leopard which is said to have so long Legs that a Man mounted on an ordinary Horse may easily pass under his Belly without so much as touching him Lastly The Zecora which is generally reckon'd the most comely Creature of all Quadrupeds whatsoever For a particular Account of these and many more in this Country Vid. Ludolphus abovemention'd Lib. 1. Cap. 10. And the Learned Bochartus his Hierozoicon Part 1. Lib. 3. To these Rarities of this Country I might here add the thrice famous Mountain of Amara which ought indeed to lead the Van rather than bring up the Reer if only a tenth part of what hath been related of it were really true As for the Sabbatical River mention'd both by Pliny and Josephus