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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
religion_n	government_n	language_n	manner_n	40,315	5	10.7927	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12461	The generall historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles with the names of the adventurers, planters, and governours from their first beginning. an⁰: 1584. to this present 1624. With the procedings of those severall colonies and the accidents that befell them in all their journyes and discoveries. Also the maps and descriptions of all those countryes, their commodities, people, government, customes, and religion yet knowne. Divided into sixe bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith sometymes governour in those countryes & admirall of New England.	Smith, John, 1580-1631.; Barra, John, ca. 1574-1634, engraver.	1624 (1624)	STC 22790; ESTC S111882	354,881	269

2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Truth travayle and Neglect pure painefull most vnkinde 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Doth proue consume dismay the soule the corps the minde Edw Ingham To my deare friend by true Vertue ennobled Captaine Iohn Smith MOre then enough I cannot thee commend Whos 's both abilities and Loue doe tend So to advance the good of that Estate By English charge and Planters propagate Through heapes of painfull hazards in the first Of which that Colony thy Care hath nurst And often that effected but with ten That after thee and now three hundred men Haue faild in 'mong the Salvages who shake At bruit of Thee as Spaine at Name of Drake Which well appeares considering the while Thou governedst nor force of theirs ne guile Lessend a man of thine but since I rue In Brittish blood they deeply did imbrue Their Heathen hands And truth to say we see Our selues wee lost vntimely leaving Thee Nor yet perceiue I any got betweene Thee and thy merit which hath better beene In prayse or profit much if counted iust Free from the Weales abuse or wronged trust Some few particulars perhaps haue sped But wherein hath the publicke prospered Or is there more of those Vast Countries knowne Then by thy Labours and Relations showne First best And shall wee loue Thee now the lesse Farre be ●t fit condignely to expresse Thankes by new Charge or recompence by whom Such past good hath such future good may come David Wiffin Noble Captaine Smith my worthy Friend NOt like the Age wherein thou liu'st to lie Buried in basenesse sloth or Ribaldrie For most doe thus hast thou thy selfe applide But in faire Actions Merits height descride Which like foure Theaters to set thee forth The worlds foure Quarters testifie thy worth The last whereof America best showes Thy paines and prayse and what to thee shee owes Although thy Sommer shone on th' Elder Three In as great Deeds as great varietie For opening to Her Selfe Her Selfe in Two Of Her large Members Now Ours to our view Thereby endearing vs to thy desart That doubly dost them to our hands impart There by thy Worke Heere by thy Workes By each Maist thou Fames lasting Wreath for guerdon reach And so become in after Times t' ensue A President for others So to doe William Grent To his worthily affected Friend Captaine Iohn Smith AMongst so many that by learned skill Haue given iust prayse to thee and to thy Booke Deare friend receiue this pledge of my good will Whereon if thou with acceptation looke And thinke it worthie ranke amongst the rest Vse thy discretion I haue done my best 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Contents of the generall History divided into six Books The first Booke THE first voyage to the new World by Madock Prince of Wales The next by Ha●no Prince of Carthage and how it was offred K. Hen. 7. by Chr. Cullumbus that vndertooke it for the Spanyards 1492. How Iohn Cabot was imployed by King Hen. the 7. and found the Continent before Cullumbus Also Sir Martin Frobisher and Sir Humphrey Gilbert ranged towards the North. And how Captaine Amidas was sent to discover the coast of Florida by Sir Water Raleigh and his associates And the Country Wingandacoa was called Virginia by Q●cene Elizabeth Page 1 4. Sir Richard Greenvill sent thither with 108. he left for a plantation The discovery of the Rivers Chawonok and Moratoc The trechery of their King who with eight more were slaine and they all returned to England againe the same yeare with Sir Francis Drake pag. 5 9. The Observations of Master Heriot Of their commodities victuall fru●ts beasts fishes and foules Their Religion and beliefe of God of the Creation of the world and man the immortalitie of the soule the subtiltie of their Priests the peoples simplicitie and desire of salvation and other Accidents pag. 9 12. Sir Rich Greenvill sent to supply them Not finding them left fiftie Their successe page 13. Master White sent to relieue them found they were all slaine yet left 115. more and departed Returning the second time he could not heare of them his Observations and Accidents pag. 14 16. A discovery by Captaine Gosnoll of Elizabeths Isles his Observations Relations and returne pag. 17.18 The voyage of Captaine Pring to the same Coast. The discovery of Captaine Waymouth his Observations Relations and returne pag. 18 20. A Map of the old Virginia with the figures of the Salvages The second Booke Of Virginia now planted discovered by Captaine SMITH THe Latitude Temperature and Capes a description of Chisapeack Bay and s●aven navigable Rivers that fall into it with their severall Inhabitants and diversitie of Language pag. 21 25. Of things growing Naturally as woods fruits gummes berries herbs roots also of beasts birds and fishes how they divide the yeare prepare their ground plant their corne and vse it and other victuall page 25. 29. What commodities may be had by industry The description of the people their numbers constitutions dispositions attyre buildings lodgings and gardens their vsage of children striking of fire making their Bowes and Arrowes kniues swords targets and boats how they spinne make fish-hooks and ginnes and their order of hunting Consultations and order in Warres pag. 29 33. Their musicke entertainment trade Physicke Chirurgery and Charmes Their Religion God burials ordinary and extraordinary Temples Priests Ornaments solemnities Coniurations Altars sacrifices black boyes and resurrection pag. 34 36. The manner of their government their Emperor his attendants watch treasury wiues successors authority tenure of their lands and manner of punishment with some words of their Language Englished pag. 37 40. And a Mappe of the Countrey of Virginia now planted The third Booke Of the Accidents and Proceedings of the English THeir orders of government Accidents in going first landing and governement setled pag. 41.42 The Salvages assault the Fort the ships returne their names were left occasion of sicknes plenty vnexpected the building of Iames Towne the beginning of Trade two proiects to abandon the Country pag. 43 46. Their first attempts vpon the Salvages Captaine Smith taken prisoner their order of Triumph and how he should haue beene executed was preserved saved Iames towne from being surprised how they Contured him Powhata● entertained him would haue slaine him how Pocahontas his daughter saved him and sent him to Iames Towne The third plot to abandon the Countrey suppressed pag. 47 49. Their first Supply and Accidents The Salvages opinion of our God Captaine Smith revisits Powhatan Iames Towne burnt A co●ceited gold mine A needlesse charge Captaine Newports returne for England pag 50 53. Iames Towne rebuilt with a Church and Store-house The Salvages plot to murther all the English their insolencies suppressed Different opinions among the Councell p. 53. Their names landed in this Supply p. 54. The discovery of the Bay of Chriapeack Their fight and conference with the Kuskarawaoks Ambuscadoes prevented in the river Patawomek A mine like

THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF Virginia New-England and the Summer Isles with the names of the Adventurers Planters and Governours from their first beginning An 1584. to this present 1624. WITH THE PROCEDINGS OF THOSE SEVERALL COLONIES and the Accidents that befell them in all their Journyes and Discoveries Also the Maps and Descriptions of all those Countryes their Commodities people Government Customes and Religion yet knowne DIVIDED INTO SIXE BOOKES By Captaine IOHN SMITH sometymes Governour in those Countryes Admirall of New England LONDON Printed by I.D. and I.H. for Michael Sparkes 1624. TO THE ILLVSTRIOVS AND MOST NOBLE PRINCESSE the Lady FRANCIS Duchesse of RICHMOND and LENOX MAy it please your Grace This History as for the raritie and varietie of the subiect so much more for the judicious Eyes it is like to vndergoe and most of all for that great Name whereof it dareth implore Protection might and ought to haue beene clad in better robes then my rude military hand can cut out in Paper Ornaments But because of the most things therein I am no Compiler by hear-say but haue beene a reall Actor I take my selfe to haue a propertie in them and therefore haue beene bold to challenge them to come vnder the reach of my owne rough Pen. That which hath beene indured and passed through with hardship and danger is thereby sweetned to the Actor when he becometh the Relator I haue deeply hazarded my selfe in doing and suffering and why should I sticke to hazard my reputation in Recording He that acteth two parts is the more borne withall if he come short or fayle in one of them Where shall we looke to finde a Iulius Caesar whose atchieuments shine as cleare in his owne Commentaries as they did in the field I confesse my hand though able to weild a weapon among the Barbarous yet well may tremble in handling a Pen among so many Indicious especially when I am so bold as to call so piercing and so glorious an Eye as your Grace to view these poore ragged lines Yet my comfort is that heretofore honorable and vertuous Ladies and comparable but amongst themselues haue offred me rescue and protection in my greatest dangers even in forraine parts I haue felt reliefe from that sex The beauteous Lady Tragabigzanda when I was a slaue to the Turkes did all she could to secure me When I overcame the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Tartaria the charitable Lady Call●mata supplyed my necessities In the vtmost of many extremities that blessed Pokahontas the great Kings daughter of Virginia oft saved my life When I escaped the crueltie of Pirats and most furious stormes a long time alone in a small Boat at Sea and driven ashore in France the good Lady Madam Chanoyes bountifully assisted me And so verily these my adventures haue tasted the same influence from your Gratious hand which hath given birth to the publication of this Narration If therefore your Grace shall daigne to cast your eye on this poore Booke view I pray you rather your owne Bountie without which it had dyed in the wombe then my imperfections which haue no helpe but the shrine of your glorious Name to be sheltered from censorious condemnation Vouchsafe some glimpse of your honorable aspect to accept these my labours to protect them vnder the shadow of your excellent Name which will inable them to be presented to the Kings royall Maiestie the most admired Prince Charles and the Queene of Bohemia your sweet Recommendations will make it the worthier of their good countenances And as all my endevours are their due tribute so this Page shall record to posteritie that my service shall be to pray to God that you may still continue the renowned of your sexe the most honored of men and the highly blessed of God Your Graces faithfull and devoted servant IOHN SMITH ¶ A Preface of foure Poynts THis plaine History humbly sheweth the truth that our most royall King Iames hath place and opportunitie to inlarge his ancient Dominions without wronging any which is a condition most agreeable to his most iust pious resolutions and the Prince his Highness may see where to plant new Colonies The gaining Prouinces addeth to the Kings Crown but the reducing Heathen people to ciuilitie and true Religion bringeth honour to the King of Heauen If his Princely wisedome and powerfull hand renowned through the world for admirable government please but to set these now Estates into order their composure will be singular the counsell of divers is confused the generall Stocke is consumed nothing but the touch of the Kings sacred hand can erect a Monarchy Most noble Lords and worthy Gentlemen it is your Honors that haue imployed great paines and large expence in laying the foundation of this State wherein much hath beene buried vnder ground yet some thing hath sprung vp and giuen you a taste of your adventures Let no difficulties alter your noble intentions The action is an honour to your Country and the issue may well reimburse you your summes expended Our practices haue hitherto beene but assayes and are still to be amended Let your bountie supply the necessities of weake beginnings and your excellent iudgements rectifie the proceedings the returne cannot choose in the end but bring you good Commodities and good contentments by your aduancing shipping and fishing so vsefull vnto our Nation Yee valiant and generous spirits personall possessors of these new-found Territories banish from among you Cowardise covetousnes iealousies and idlenes enemies to the raising your honours and fortunes vertue industry and amitie will make you good and great and your merits liue to ensuing Ages You that in contempt of necessities hazard your liues and estates imploying your studies labours in these faire endevours liue and prosper as I desire my soule should prosper For my selfe let emulation and enuie cease I ever intended my actions should be vpright now my care hath beene that my Relations should giue every man they concerne their due But had I not discovered and liued in the most of those parts I could not possibly haue collected the substantiall truth from such a number of variable Relations that would haue made a Volume at least of a thousand sheets Though the beginning may seeme harsh in regard of the Antiquities breuitie and names a pleasanter Discourse ensues The stile of a Souldier is not eloquent but honest and iustifiable so I desire all my friends and well-wishers to excuse and accept it and if any be so noble as to respect it he that brought New England to light though long since brought in obscuritie he is againe to be found a true servant to all good designes So I ever rest yours to command IOHN SMITH A Gentleman desirous to be vnknowne yet a great Benefactor to Virginia his loue to the Author the Company and History STay reade behold skill courage knowledge Arts Wonder of Nature Mirror of our Clime Mars Vulcan Neptune striue to haue their parts Rare Ornaments

Vpon these they offer bloud Deere suet and Tobacco This they doe when they returne from the Warres from hunting and vpon many other occasions They haue also another superstition that they vse in stormes when the waters are rough in the Rivers and Sea coasts Their Coniurers runne to the water sides or passing in their boats after many hellish outcryes and invocations they cast Tobacco Copper Pocones or such trash into the water to pacific that God whom they thinke to be very angry in those stormes Before their dinners and suppers the better sort will take the first bit and cast it in the fire which is all the grace they are knowne to vse In some part of the Country they haue yearely a sacrifice of children Such a one was at Quiyoughcohanock some ten myles from Iames Towne and thus performed Fifteene of the properest young boyes betweene ten and fifteene yeares of age they painted white Having brought them forth the people spent the forenoon● in dancing and singing about them with Rattles In the afternoone they put those children to the roote of a tree By them all the men stood in a guard every one having a Bastinado in his hand made of reeds bound together This made a lane betweene them all along through which there were appointed fiue young men to fetch these children so every one of the fiue went through the guard to fetch a childe each after other by turnes the guard fiercely beating them with their Bastinadoes and they patiently enduring and receiuing all defending the children with their naked bodies from the vnmercifull blowes that pay them soundly though the children escape All this while the women weepe and cry out very passionately prouiding mats skins mosse and dry wood as things fitting their childrens funerals After the children were thus passed the guard the guard tore down the trees branches boughs with such violence that they rent the body and made wreaths for their heads or bedecked their hayre with the leaues What els was done with the children was not seene but they were all cast on a heape in a valley as dead where th●y made a great feast for all the company The Werowance being demanded the meaning of ●his sacrifice answered that the children were not all dead but that the Okee or Divell did sucke the bloud from their left breast who chanced to be his by lot till they were dead but the rest were kept in the wildernesse by the young men till nine moneths were expired during which time they must not converse with any and of these were made their Priests and Coniurers This sacrifice they held to be so necessary that if they should omit it their Okee or Devill and all their other Quiyoughcosughes which are their other Gods would let them haue no Deere Turkies Corne nor fish and yet besides he would make a great slaughter amongst them They thinke that their Werowances and Priests which they also esteeme Quiyoughcosughes when they are dead doe goe beyond the mountaines towards the setting of the sunne and ever remaine there in forme of their Okee with their heads painted with oyle and Pocones finely trimmed with feathers and shall haue beads hatchets copper and Tobacco doing nothing but dance and sing with all their Predecessors But the common people they suppose shall not liue after death but rot in their graues like dead dogs To divert them from this blind Idolatry we did our best endevours chiefly with the Werowance of Quiyoughcohanock whose devotion apprehension and good disposition much exceeded any in those Countries with whom although we could not as yet prevaile to forsake his false Gods yet this he did beleeue that our God as much exceeded theirs as our Gunnes did their Bowes Arrowes and many times did send to me to Iames Towne intreating me to pray to my God for raine for their Gods would not send them any And in this lamentable ignorance doe these poore soules sacrifice themselues to the Devill not knowing their Creator and we had not language sufficient so plainly to expresse it as make them vnderstand it which God grant they may For Religion 't is that doth distinguish vs From their bruit humor well we may it know That can with vnderstanding argue thus Our God is truth but they cannot doe so Of the manner of the Virginians Government ALthough the Country people be very barbarous yet haue they amongst them such government as that their Magistrates for good commanding and their people for due subiection and obeying excell many places that would be counted very civill The forme of their Common-wealth is a Monarchicall government one as Emperour ruleth ouer many Kings or Governours Their chiefe ruler is called Powhatan and taketh his name of his principall place of dwelling called Powhatan But his proper name is Wahunsonacock Some Countries he hath which haue beene his ancestors and came vnto him by inheritance as the Country called Powhatan Arrohateck Appamatuck Pamavnkee Youghtanund and Mattapanient All the rest of his Territories expressed in the Mappe they report haue beene his severall Conquests In all his ancient inheritances he hath houses built after their manner like arbours some 30. some 40. yards long and at every house provision for his entertainement according to the time At Werowcomoco on the Northside of the river Pamavnkee was his residence when I was delivered him prisoner some 14 myles from Iames Towne where for the most part he was resident but at last he tooke so little pleasure in our neare neighbourhood that he retired himselfe to Orapakes in the desert betwixt Chickahaman●a and Youghtanund He is of personage a tall well proportioned man with a sower looke his head somwhat gray his beard so thinne that it seemeth none at all his age neare sixtie of a very able and hardy body to endure any labour About his person ordinarily attendeth a guard of 40 or 50 of the tallest men his Country doth afford Every night vpon the foure quarters of his house are foure Sentinels each from other a flight shoot and at every halfe houre one from the Corps du guard doth hollow shaking his lips with his finger betweene them vnto whom every Sentinell doth answer round from his stand if any faile they presently send forth an officer that beateth him extreamely A myle from Orapakes in a thicket of wood he hath a house in which he keepeth his kinde of Treasure as skinnes copper pearle and beads which he storeth vp against the time of his death and buriall Here also is his store of red paint for oyntment bowes and arrowes Targets and clubs This house is fiftie or sixtie yards in length frequented onely by Priests At the foure corners of this house stand foure Images as Sentinels one of a Dragon another a Beare the third like a Leopard and the fourth like a giantlike man all made evill favouredly according to their best workemanship He hath as

charge but care must be had they arriue in the Spring or else that prouision be made for them against winter Of certaine red berries called Kermes which is worth ten shillings the pound but of these haue beene sold for thirty or forty shillings the pound may yeerely be gathered a good quantity Of the Muskrat may be well raised gaines worth their labour that will endeuour to make triall of their goodnesse Of Beuers Otters and Martins blacke Foxes and Furres of price may yeerely be had six or seuen thousand and if the trade of the French were preuented many more 25000. this yeere were brought from those northerne parts into France of which trade we may haue as good part as the French if we take good courses Of Mines of Gold and Siluer Copper and probabilities of Lead Crystall and Allum I could say much if relations were good assurances it is true indeed I made many trialls according to the instructions I had which doth perswade me I need not despaire but that there are metals in the Country but I am no Alcumist nor will promise more then I know which is who will vndertake the rectifying of an iron Forge if those that buy meat and drinke coles ore and all necessaries at a deare rate gaine where all these things are to be had for taking vp in my opinion cannot lose Of woods seeing there is such plenty of all sorts if those that build ships and boats buy wood at so great a price as it is in England Spaine France and Holland and all other prouisions for the nourishment of mans life liue well by their trade when labour is all required to take these necessaries without any other tax what hazard will be here but to doe much better and what commodity in Europe doth more decay then wood for the goodnesse of the ground let vs take it fertill or barren or as it is seeing it is certaine it beares fruits to nourish and feed man beast as well as England and the Sea those seuerall sorts of fishes I haue related thus seeing all good things for mans sustenance may with this facility be had by a little extraordinary labour till that transported be increased all necessaries for shipping onely for labour to which may added the assistance of the Saluages which may easily be had if they be discreetly handled in their kinds towards fishing planting and destroying woods what gaines might be raised if this were followed when there is but once men to fill your store houses dwelling there you may serue all Europe better and farre cheaper then can the Iland Fishers or the Hollanders Cape-blanke or Newfound land who must be at much more charge then you may easily be coniectured by this example Two thousand will fit out a ship of 200. tunnes one of 100. tuns if of the dry fish they both make fraught that of 200. and goe for Spaine sell it but at ten shillings a quintall but commonly it giues fifteene or twenty especially when it commeth first which amounts to 3. or 4000 pound but say but ten which is the lowest allowing the rest for waste it amounts at that rate to 2000. which is the whole charge of your two ships and the equipage then the returne of the mony and the fraught of the ship for the vintage or any other voyage is cleere gaine with your ship of one hundred tunnes of traine Oile and Cor-fish besides the Beuers and other commodities and that you may haue at home within six moneths if God please to send but an ordinary passage then sauing halfe this charge by the not staying of your ships your victuall ouerplus of men and wages with her fraught thither with necessaries for the Planters the Salt being there made as also may the nets and lines within a short time if nothing may be expected but this it might in time equalize your Hollanders gaines if not exceede them hauing their fraughts alwaies ready against the arriuall of the ships this would so increase our shipping and sailers and so incourage and imploy a great part of our Idlers and others that want imployment fitting their qualities at home where they shame to doe that they would doe abroad that could they but once taffe the sweet fruits of their owne labours doubtlesse many thousands would be aduised by good discipline to take more pleasure in honest industry then in their humors of dissolute idlenesse But to returne a little more to the particulars of this Countrey which I intermingle thus with my proiects and reasons not being so sufficiently yet acquainted in those parts to write fully the estate of the Sea the Aire the Land the Fruits their Rocks the People the Gouernment Religion Territories Limitations Friends and Foes But as I gathered from their niggardly relations in a broken language during the time I ranged those Countries c. the most Northerne part I was at was the Bay of Pennobscot which is East and West North and South more then ten leagues but such were my occasions I was constrained to be satisfied of them I found in the Bay that the Riuer ranne farre vp into the Land and was well inhabited with many people but they were from their habitations either fishing amongst the Iles or hunting the Lakes and Woods for Deere and Beuers the Bay is full of great Iles of one two six or eight miles in length which diuides it into many faire and excellent good Harbours On the East of it are the Tarrentines their mortall enemies where inhabit the French as they report that liue with those people as one Nation or Family And Northwest of Pennobscot is Mecaddacut at the foot of a high Mountaine a kinde of fortresse against the Tarrentines adioyning to the high Mountaines of Pennobscot against whose feet doth beat the Sea but ouer all the Land Iles or other impediments you may well see them foureteene or eighteene leagues from their situation Segocket is the next then Nuskoucus Pemmaquid and Sagadahock vp this Riuer where was the Westerne Plantation are Aumoughcawgen Kinnebeke and diuers others where are planted some Corne fields Along this Riuer thirtie or fortie miles I saw nothing but great high clifts of barren Rocks ouergrowne with Wood but where the Saluages dwell there the ground is excellent salt and fertill Westward of this Riuer is the Country of Aucocisco in the bottome of a large deepe Bay full of many great Iles which diuides it into many good Harbours Sawocotuck is the next in the edge of a large Sandy Bay which hath many Rockes and Iles but few good Harbours but for Barkes I yet know but all this Coast to Pennobscot and as farre as I could see Eastward of it is nothing but such high craggy clifty Rockes and stony Iles that I wonder such great Trees could grow vpon so hard foundations It is a Countrey rather to affright then delight one and how to describe a