Houses and Smokes their Number Differences and Values 7 Of the Church and Benefices 16 Concerning the late Rebellion and its effects 17 Of the future Settlement of Ireland Prevention of Rebellions and its Union with England 25 Of the Government of Ireland Apparent and Internal 36 Of the Militia and Defence of Ireland 42 Of the Coelum Solum Fruges or the Air Soil and Product of Ireland 48 Of the Rate which the Lands in Ireland do bear to each other with the History of the several Valuations of the same 58 Of the Money of Ireland and the Causes of its Decrease with the Remedy for the same 68 Of the Trade of Ireland and its Impediments the Commodities and aptitude for Traffick and incidently of the Cloaths and Dyet of the People Of Sumptuary Laws Absentees c. 75 Of the Religion Language Manners and Interest of the present Inhabitants of Ireland as also of the Present and Ancient Divisions and Names of the Lands 93 Some Miscellany Remarques and Intimations concerning Ireland and the several matters aforementioned 103 A Report from the Council of Trade in Ireland to the Lord Lieutenant and Council c. 114 Considerations relating to the Improvement of Ireland 115 Inferences from the Premises 120 Propositions to His Majesty concerning the Government of Ireland 146 The List for Civil Affairs c. 157 The Establishment and List containing all the Payments to be made for Military Affairs c. 181 Officers Provincial 184 Constables 186 Sundry Ministers belonging to the Ordnance viz. in Lemster 188 Connaught 189 Munster 190 Ulster 191 Temporary Payments 196 A Catalogue of the Peers 199 A List of the Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks 200 Barons 201 A List of those Places that return Parliament-Men c. 202 Verbum Sapienti INtroduction Page 1 Chap. 1. Containing several Computations of the Wealth of the Kingdom 3 Chap. 2. Of the Value of the People 7 Chap. 3. Of the several Expences of the Kingdom and its Revenue 10 Chap. 4. Of the Method of apportioning Taxes 11 Chap. 5. Of Money and how much is necessary to drive the Trade of the Nation 13 Chap. 6. The Causes of Irregular Taxing 15 Chap 7. The Collateral Advantages of these Taxes 16 Chap. 8. Of the Expence of the Navy Army and Garisons 18 Chap. 9. Motives to the quiet bearing of Extraordinary Taxes 19 Chap. 10. How to imploy the People and the end thereof 22 LICENSED May the 11th 1691. THE Political Anatomy OF IRELAND 1672. Of the Lands of Ireland THERE are in Ireland of Acres of Land Irish Measure whereof 121 Acres makes 196 English Measure near about M. Ac. 10,500 Whereof there is of Rivers Highways Loughs unpassable Bogs Rocks and Shrubs about M. 1,500 Of very course Land commonly call'd unprofitable 1,500 Consequently of good Meadow Arrable and Pasture 7,500  10,500 Of which Anno 1641 there did belong to Papists and Sequestred Protestants 5,200 To the Church viz. Bishops Deans Chapters and Glebes 300 To the Protestants planted by Queen Elizabeth and King Iames 2,000  7500 Of the 5,200 belonging to Papists and Sequestred Protestants Anno 1641. There was restored to 26 that proved their constant good Affection per est 40 210 To His Grace the D. of Ormond 130 To the Lord Inchiquine Lord Roscommon and others 40 To innocent Papists near 1,200  To the Church near 20 140 To the Duke of York near 120 To Letterees and Nominees Irish-men 60 420 To Papists per proviso with Collonel Vernon 360 Left in the Common-Stock of Course-Land 80 470 To Adventurers 390 To Soldiers since 49. 1,440  To the 49 Officers 280 550 To Protestants per proviso 270 Upon Transplantation Decrees 700  Restored to Mortgagees Protestants about 100    5,200 So that of all the Lands seiz'd by the Usurpers the Papists have recovered about M. 2,340 The new Protestants and Churches Additions 2,400 Of a more indifferent Nature ut supra 460 5200 Mem. That Protestants in Connaught purchased of the Transplantees per estimate M. 60 Wherefore of the whole 7500 M. of good Land the English and Protestants and Church have this Christmas 1672. 5,140 And the Irish have near ½ as much viz. 2,280  7,500 Remains in the Common-Stock near 80 M.  The said 7,500 Acres of good and the 1,500 of course making together 9000 M. is worth per Annum M. l. 900,000 Out of which the King's Quit-rents Old-rents and Composition 90,000 Rests 810,000 The Tythes whereof are one fifth viz. 162,000 Rests 648,000 The benefit of Leases and the value of Tenants Improvements upon the said Lands is ⅓ viz. 216,000 For the Landlords 432,000 If the whole 7500 be clearly worth but 432000 l. per Ann. then the 2,520 gain'd by the Rebellion is worth but about ⅓ thereof the 80 M. in the Common Stock being worth very little viz. 144,000 And the Adventurers and Soldiers Lands who served since 1649 worth about ¾ of the same viz. 108,000 And the said Soldiers alone ⅗ of the whole viz. M. 86,400 per An. Mem. That by the Successes of the Army who serv'd since 1649. and who have 854 col per An. for their labour His Majesty hath received the several Advantages following viz. 1. Augmented the Church the Duke of York and by Provisoes 770 M. Acres 2. Hath paid the Adventurers and 49 Officers besides Housing in Walled Towns 670 M. Acres 3. Gain'd a Revenue worth above 80000 l. per Ann. and 15 Years Purchase l. 1200,000 4. Gain'd the Years value c. worth 300,000 5. Hath freed himself from the 1648. Articles with the Irish. 6. Restored many of his Friends to their own Estates The value of the said Army's Lands at ten Years Purchase is 854000 l. Out of which deduct a years value and charge there remains now but l. 700,000 Mem. That whereas until Anno _____ England always sent Money and other Supplies into Ireland now the Revenue is 200,000 l. and the charge Civil and Military but 170,000 l. which is the gain or ease of England The Debentures of Commission Officers who serv'd eight years till about December 1649. comes to l. 1,800,000 Wherefore the Pay of private Soldiers to 5,400,000  7,200,000 The ⅛ whereof is 900,000 l. The one half whereof being for Foot was 450,000 l. per Ann. which at 15 l. each maintains 30,000 Foot and the rest 15000 Horse General Officers and Train of Artillery included so as there was a British Army for eight Years of at least 45000 Men. The Army who reduced the Rebelllon did Anno 1652 consist of near 35000 Men as per Debentures The Irish transported into Foreign parts between 1651 and 1654. were 34,000 Men. The Irish Army could not but be more than double to the English The Claymants of Land or the number of Proprietors before the War was Of all that claimed innocency 7 in 8. obtained it The restored Persons by innocence and proviso have more than what was their own
to speak more clearly and Authentically upon this Subject I shall insert the following Tables of exported and imported Commodities and from them make the subnexed Observations viz. The TABLES 1. THAT the Customs managed by the States-Officers yielded Anno 1657. under 12,000 l. but was farm'd Ann. 1658. for above thrice that Sum. 2. That the Stock which drives the Foreign Trade of Ireland doth near half of it belong to those who live out of Ireland 3. That Ann. 1664. before the Cattel-Statute ¾ of the Ireland Foreign Trade was with England but now not ¼ part of the same 4. That the Manufacture bestowed upon a years Exportation out of Ireland is not worth above 8000 l. 5. That because more eatables were exported Anno 1664. than 1641. And more Manufactures 1641. than Ann. 1664. It follows there were more people in Ireland Ann. 1641. than 1664. and in that proportion as was formerly mention'd 6. That the Exportations appear more worth than the Importations excepting that the Accompts of the former are more true but of the latter very conjectural and probably less than the Truth Of the Religion Diet Cloaths Language Manners and Interest of the several present Inhabitants of IRELAND WE said that of the 1100 M. Inhabitants of Ireland about 800 M. of them were Irish and that above 600 M. of them lived very simply in the Cabbins aforemention'd Wherefore I shall in the first place describe the Religion Diet c. of these being the major part of the whole not wholly omitting some of the other species also The Religion of these poorer Irish is called Roman Catholick whose Head is the Pope of Rome from whence they are properly enough called Papists This Religion is well known in the World both by the Books of their Divines and the Worship in their Churches wherefore I confine my self to what I think peculiar to these Irish. And first I observe that the Priests among them are of small Learning but are thought by their Flocks to have much because they can speak Latin more or less and can often out-talk in Latin those who Dispute with them So as they are thereby thought both more Orthodox and Able than their Antagonists Their Reading in Latin is the Lives of the Saints and Fabulous Stories of their Country But the Superior Learning among them is the Philosophy of the Schools and the Genealogies of their Ancestors Both which look like what St. Paul hath Condemned The Priests are chosen for the most part out of old Irish Gentry and thereby influence the People as well by their Interest as their Office Their Preaching seems rather Bugbearing of their flocks with dreadful Stories than persuading them by Reason or the Scriptures They have an incredible Opinion of the Pope and his Sanctity of the happiness of those who can obtain his Blessing at the third or fourth hand Only some few who have lately been abroad have gotten so far as to talk of a difference between the Interest of the Court of Rome and the Doctrine of the Church The Common Priests have few of them been out of Ireland and those who have were bred in Covents or made Friars for the most part and have humble Opinions of the English and Protestants and of the mischiefs of setting up Manufactures and introducing of Trade They also comfort their Flocks partly by Prophecies of their Restoration to their Ancient Estates and Liberties which the abler sort of them fetch from what the Prophets of the Old-Testament have delivered by way of God's Promise to restore the Iews and the Kingdom to Israel They make little esteem of an Oath upon a Protestant Bible but will more devoutly take up a Stone and swear upon it calling it a Book than by the said Book of Books the Bible But of all Oaths they think themselves at much liberty to take a Land-Oath as they call it Which is an Oath to prove a forg'd Deed a Possession Livery or Seisin payment of Rents c. in order to recover for their Countrey-men the Lands which they had forfeited They have a great Opinion of Holy-Wells Rocks and Caves which have been the reputed Cells and Receptacles of men reputed Saints They do not much fear Death if it be upon a Tree unto which or the Gallows they will go upon their Knees toward it from the place they can first see it They confess nothing at their Executions though never so guilty In brief there is much Superstition among them but formerly much more than is now for as much as by the Conversation of Protestants they become asham'd of their ridiculous Practices which are not de side As for the Richer and bettereducated sort of them they are such Catholicks as are in other places The Poor in adhering to their Religion which is rather a Custom than a Dogma amongst them They seem rather to obey their Grandees old Landlords and the Heads of their Septes and Clans than God For when these were under Clouds transported into Spain and transplanted into Connaught and disabled to serve them as formerly about the year 1656. when the Adventurers and Soldiers appeared to be their Landlords and Patrons they were observ'd to have been forward enough to relax the stiffness of their pertinacity to the Pope and his Impositions Lastly Among the better sort of them many think less of the Pope's Power in Temporals as they call it than formerly and begin to say that the Supremacy even in Spirituals lies rather in the Church diffusive and in qualified General-Councils than in the Pope alâ—ne or than in the Pope and his Cardinals or other Iuncto The Religion of the Protestants in Ireland is the same with the Church of England in Doctrine only they differ in Discipline thus viz. The Legal Protestants hold the Power of the Church to be in the King and that Bishops and Arch-Bishops with their Clerks are the best way of adjusting that Power under him The Presbyterians would have the same thing done and perhaps more by Classes of Presbyters National and Provincial The Independents would have all Christian Congregations independent from each other The Anabaptists are Independent in Discipline and differ from all those aforemention'd in the Baptism of Infants and in the inward and spiritual Signification of that Ordinance The Quakers salute not by uncovering the Head speak to one another in the second Person and singular Number as for Magistracy and Arms they seem to hold with the Anabaptists of Germany and Holland they pretend to a possibility of perfection like the Papists as for other Tenents 't is hard to fix them or to understand what things they mean by their Words The Diet of the poorer Irish is what was before discoursed in the Chapter The Cloathing is a narrow sort of Frieze of about twenty Inches broad whereof two foot call'd a Bandle is worth from 3â— to 18 d. Of this Seventeen Bandles make a Man's Suit and twelve make a Cloak According to