and Hyrcanians pag. 352 § I. Of Parthia ibid. § II. Of the Hyrcanians Tappyri and Caspians pag. 355 CHAP. IIII. OF Persia and the Persian State in the first second Persian Dynasties pag. 356 § I. Of the beginning of the Persian Monarchie by Cyrus ibid. § II. Of the Successors of Cyrus and of Cambyses pag. 358 § III. Of the succeeding Monarchs vntill Alexanders Conquest pag. 359 § IIII. Of the Persian Chronologie pag. 360 § V. Of the second Persian Dynastie pag 361 CHAP. V. OF the Persian magnificence and other their Antiquities pag. 365 CHAP. VI. OF the Persian Magi. pag. 369 CHAP. VII OF the Religions and other Rites of the ancient Persians pag. 373 § I. Of their Gods and Superstitions out of Herodotus ibid. § II. Of the same and other Rites out of Strabo pag. 374 § III. Of the same out of Christian and other Authors pag. 375 § IIII. Of the Persian Education Schooles p. 376 § V. Of the Persian Luxurie and Marriages Funerals c. pag. 377 CHAP. VIII OF the alteration of the State and Religion in Persia vnder the Saracens p. 378 § I. Of the Saracenicall Conquest and Schisme in Persia the third Dynastie pag. 378 § II. Of the Tartars ruling in Persia which was the fourth Dynastie pag. 379 § III. Of Ismael Sofi first founder of the present Persian Empire or fifth Dynastie pag. 381 § IIII. Of Shaugh Tamas the Persian troubles after his death pag. 385 § V. Of Mahomet Codabanda and his Sonnes Abas pag. 386 § VI. An Appendix touching the present Persian King out of Sir Anthony Sherley pag. 388 CHAP. IX OF the Sophian Sect or Persian Religion as it is at this present pag. 390 § I. The differences betwixt the Turke and Persian with the zeale of both parts ibid. § II. Of the spreading of the Persian opinion pag. 391 § III. Of their Rites Persons Places and opinions Religious pag. 392 § IIII. Of Natures wonders and the Iesuits lyes of Persia pag. 395 CHAP. X. OF the Scythians Sarmatians and Seres and of their Religion pag. 396 § I. Of the Scythian Name People Region Language and manner of Life ibid. § II. Of the Religion Diuination and other Scythian Rites pag. 397 § III. Of particular Nations in Scythia their Acts and Rites pag. 398 § IIII. Of the Seres pag. 400 CHAP. XI OF the Tartarians and of diuers Nations which they subdued with their Pristine Rites pag. 401 § I. Of the beginning of the Tartarian Nation ibid. § II. The great Exploits of Cingis or Cangius the first Tartarian Emperour pag. 403 § III. Of Occoday the next Emperour Cuine Can. pag. 405 § IIII. Of Mangu Can and his Successor Cublai pag. 406 CHAP. XII A Continuation of the Tartarian Historie and the question discussed whether Cathay and China be the same and the iourny of Benedict Goes by land from Lahor pag. 408 § I. Of the Tartarian succession to our dayes ibid. § II. The question discussed whether Cathay be the same with China pag. 409 § III. The long and dangerous iourny from Lahor a Citie of the great Mogol to China by Benedictus Goes pag. 413 CHAP. XIII OF the Religion of the Tartars and Cathayans pag. 415 CHAP. XIIII OF the festiuall solemnities and of the magnificence of the Grand Can. pag. 419 CHAP. XV. OF the alteration of Religion among the Tartars and of diuers Sorts Sects and Nations of them now remayning pag 421 § I. Of the Precopite or Crimen Tartars ibid. § II. Of Tartaria Deserta pag. 423 § III. Of the Zagathayan Tartars pag. 425 § IIII. Of the Cathayan and Mogol Tartars c. pag. 426 CHAP. XVI OF the Nations which liued in or neere to those parts now possessed by the Tartars and their Religions and Customes pag. 428 CHAP. XVII OF other Northerne people adioyning to the Tartars pag. 431 CHAP. XVIII OF the Kingdome of China pag. 435 § I. Of the Names Prouinces Cities and situation thereof ibid. § II. Of the Commodities of China and commodious Riuers and Shipping with two Mappes one made by Hondius the other taken out of a China Map made there by the Chinois p. 436 § III. Of the Cities and Castles in China and of Quinsa pag. 439 § IIII. Of their Persons Attire and many strange Rites pag. 443 § V. Of the Mechanicall Arts in China their Printing c. pag. 445 § VI. Of their Language Writing Astrologie Philosophie and Physicke pag. 446 § VII Of their Ehickes Politickes and Degrees in Learning pag. 448 § VIII Of the King his Court Issue Reuenue and Maiestie pag. 451 § IX Of the Magistrates Courts and Gouernement pag. 454 § X. Of their punishments diuine and humane and a Catalogue of their Kings pag. 457 CHAP. XIX OF the Religion vsed in China pag. 460 § I. Of their Gods Idols in former times ibid. § II. Of their present Gods and Idols pag. 461 § III. Of their three Sects and first of that of Confutius pag. 462 § IIII. Of the Sect Sciequia pag. 463 § V. Of the third Sect Lauzu pag. 464 § VI. Of their Superstitious Diuinations and curious Arts pag. 466 § VII Of the Marriages Concubines and other vices and errors of the Chinois pag. 468 § VIII Of their Temples pag. 470 § IX Of their Funerals pag. 472 § X. Of Strangers and forreigne Religions in China pag. 475 THE FIFT BOOKE Of the East Indies and of the Seas and Ilands about Asia with their Religions CHAP. I. OF India in generall and of the ancient Rites there obserued pag. 477 § I. The limits and the ancient people and inuasions of India ibid. § II. Of their Philosophicall or Religious Sects pag. 478 § III. Many doubtfull and fabulous reports of the Indians pag. 481 CHAP. II. OF later Indian Discoueries and an Apologie for the English Trade in the East Indies pag. 483 § I. Of the Portugals and Dutch ibid. § II. Of the English Trade there many Arguments in defence of it pag. 484 § III. Answere to obiections made against the Indian Trade and Society with other Arguments for it pag. 486 § IIII. The conclusion with commendation of the Mariner c. pag. 487 CHAP. III. OF the Indian Prouinces next adioyning to China pag. 488 § I. Of Cauchin China Camboya and the Laos ibid. § II. Of the Kingdome of Siam pag. 490 § III. Of the Kingdome of Malacca pag. 493 § IIII. Of Patane and the neighbouring petty Kingdomes pag. 495 CHAP. IIII. OF the Kingdome of Pegu or Brama and the subiect and neighbouring Kingdomes pag. 498 § I. Of the greatnesse of the King of Pegu ibid. § II. Of the destruction desolation of Pegu p. 500 § III. Of the Peguan Rites and Customes p. 502 CHAP. V. OF the Religion in Pegu and the Countries sometime subiect thereto pag. 505 CHAP. VI. OF Bengala and the parts adioyning and of the holy Riuer Ganges pag. 508 § I. Of Bengala ibid. § II. Of Ganges and the
hee saith of Frankincense In Panchaea is the Citie Panara whose Inhabitants are called the Ministers of Iupiter Tryphilius whose Temple is thence distant threescore furlongs admirable for Antiquitie Magnificence and nature of the place it is two hundred foot long the bredth answerable hauing in it large Statues and about it the houses of the Priests Many fountaines there springing make a nauigable streame called the water of the Sunne which is medicinable to the bodie The Countrey about for the space of two hundred furlongs is consecrated to the gods and the reuenue thereof spent in Sacrifices Beyond is a high mountaine called the seate of heauen and Olympus Triphylius where Coelus is said to haue instituted the Rites there yeerely obserued The Priests rule all in Panchaea both in ciuill and religious cases and liue very deliciously attired with linnen Stoales and Mitres and party-coloured Sandals These spend their time in singing Hymnes and recounting the acts of their gods They deriue their generation from the Cretan Iupiter They may not goe out of their sacred limits assigned them if they doe it is lawfull to kill them The Temple is enriched with gifts and offerings The doores excell for matter and workemanship The bed of the god is six Cubits long and foure broad all of gold faire wrought The Table stands by nothing inferiour In the middest is another bed of gold very large grauen with Aegyptian letters in which are contained the gests of Iupiter Coelus Diana and Apollo written by Mercurie Thus farre Diodorus Iustine mentioneth Hierotimus an Arabian King which had six hundred children by Concubines Some are of opinion that the Wise-men which by the ancient conduct of a Starre came to Ierusalem the first fruites of the Gentiles came out of Arabia Scaliger mentioneth a conquest antiently made and holden by the Arabians in Chaldaea Philostratus saith the Arabians are skilfull in Auguries or Diuinations because they eate of the head and heart of a Dragon That they eate Serpents Solinus affirmeth Athenaeus saith That the Arabians vsed to maime themselues if their King hapned to bee maimed and that in the same member and in another place hee citeth out of Heraclides Cumaeus the delicacies of this Arabian King and his quiet or idle course of life committing matters of iudgement to Officers and if any thinke himselfe wronged by them hee pulls a chaine fastned to a window in the highest part of the Palace Whereupon the King takes the matter into his hand and whether part hee findeth guiltie dyeth for it His expences were fifteene Babylonian Talents a day The Arabians kill Mice as a certaine supposed enemy to the gods a custome common to them with the Persians and Aethiopians The women couer their faces contented to see with one eye rather then to prostitute the whole face They kill not vipers but scarre them away with Clappers from their Balsame-trees saith Pausanias when they gather that commoditie because they thinke them consecrated to those Balsame-trees vnder which they liue and feed of that liquor with which also they cure themselues if they are bitten of them The Arabike tongue is now the common language of the East especially among such as embrace the Mahumetan Religion this language in the first diuision of tongues according to Epiphanius was begun in Armot the first speaker and Author thereof It is now the most vniuersall in the world as Bibliander Postellus Scaliger Aldrete and Claude Duret in his late Historie del ' Origine des Langues de cest vniuers doe proue at large from the Herculean pillars to the Molluccas and from the Tartars and many Turkes in Europe vnto the Aethiopians in Afrike extending it selfe which was neuer granted to any other language since that first confusion and babbling at Babel CHAP. II. Of the Saracene Name Nation and proceeding in Armes and the succession of their Chalifaes §. I. Of the Saracens before MAHOMETS dayes THe Arabians are distinguished by many sir-names the chiefe whereof saith Scaliger are the Hagarens so called of Hagar the hand-maid of Sara whom the Arabians call Erabelhagiari and Elmagarin and the Saracens still called by their neighbours Essarak that is theeuish The Hagarens were more ciuill whose chiefe hold was Petra and their Princes were all entituled Aretae as the Egyptians Ptolemaei Hierome in many places affirmeth that the Ismaelites and Hagarens are the same which now are called Saracens so in his Commentarie on the second of Ieremie Cedar saith he is the Region of the desart and of the Ismaelites whom now they call Saracens And on the twentie fiue of Ezekiel the Madianites Ismaelites and Agarens are now called Saracens And on Esay twentie one he extendeth their desart from India to Mauritania and to the Atlantike Ocean Epiphanius likewise affirmeth That the Hagarens and Ismaelites in his time were called Saracens Plinie mentioneth that the Saracens placing them neere to the Nabathaeans Ptolemey likewise nameth the Scenites so called of their tents which with themselues their flockes and substance they remoued vp and downe from place to place Posteritie hath called all these Tent-wanderers saith Scaliger out of Ammianus Marcellinus Saracens and so doth Ptolemey in the next words call the next adioyning people seating them in the Northerly bounds of Arabia Foelix In the same Chapter he setteth downe Saraca the name of an Arabian Citie Some Authors haue written that because Ishmael was sonne of Hagar a bond-woman his nicer posteritie haue disclaimed that descent and deriued their pedegrece and name from Sara Peruersonomine saith Hierome assumentes sibi nomen Sarae quòd scilicet de ingenua domina videantur esse generati Iosephus Scaliger in his Annotations vpon Eusebius Chronicle after that hee hath cited the former testimony of Ammianus and of Onkelos on the thirtie seuen of Genesis addeth the authoritie of Stephanus who affirmeth Saraka to bee a Region of Arabia neere the Nabathaeans of which hee thinketh that the Saracens borrowed their name Wee know saith Scaliger that the Arabian Nomades are so called for SARAK in Arabike soundeth as much that is furaces 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 theeuish or robbers such as the Cosak-Tartars bordering on the Turkes the Bandoliers in the Pyrenaean hills and the Borderers sometimes betwixt England and Scotland De Sara peridiculum To call them Saracens of SARA is ridiculous for then either they must bee called SARAEI or shee SARACA Mr. Brerewood saith that Sarra signifies a Desart and Shakan to inhabit in the Arabike and therefore as they are called Scenites of their Tents so might they also of the Desarts their not habited habitation be called Saracens Booke of Lang. c. 13. And Erpenius saith that this name is vnknowne to themselues but all the Muhammedans generally call themselues Muslimos or Muslemans which signifieth Beleeuers as if all else were Infidells or Heretikes Marcellinus thus writeth of them this people
at his departure to giue a signe thereof by striking downe the top of a steeple Which being effected the Kings conuersion followed together with many of the Nobilitie to the Roman faith libertie also being granted to preach it openly and to build Churches and Monasteries thorowout the Kingdome This was beleeued in England especially by a friend of our Authors vnto whom that Pamphlet was sent who requested him to say Masse in thanks-giuing to GOD for so great a benefit But in the end that Iesuite who sent the Pamphlet gaue out that it was but a thing deuised by French Hugonets to disgrace their societie Gracious societie that can sometime cure their lies with a distinction of piaefraudes sometime couer them with a robe of the new fashion Aequiuocation sometimes can expose their bastards at other mens doores to shield themselues from shame with laying the blame on others and haue a mint in their pragmaticall heads of such supersubtle inuentions what are they now disgraced and that by Hugonets Euen as truly as the Parliament-house should haue beene blowne vp by Puritans this also was the Ignatians deuice or like to that newes of the late Queene whose Ambassadours were at Rome for the Popes Absolution or that of Bezaes recantation and Geneuaes submission to the Pope Blessed Ignatius let mee also inuocate or let him deigne to reade in that all-seeing glasse this poore supplication infuse some better spirit or some cleanlier and more wittie conueyance at least into thy new progenie lest the Protestants grosser wits sent see feele the palpablenesse and impute the Iesuitical courses to that Author which said he would go out and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all ACHABS Prophets which when he speaketh a lie speaketh of his owne because he is a lier and the father thereof Hitherto wee tooke Ignatius for their father but now we find a New of whom they borrow Bankruptly shifts beseeming onely the Merchants of Babylon disgracing humanitie defacing diuinitie worthily raunged amongst the poore policies of the Hospitall of the desperate Since also Iansonius in his Mercurius Gallobelgicus hath told vs newes of the Kings graunt to build a Temple and Monasterie for Christians himselfe as hee saith much enclining to that religion whereupon many haue been baptized and not a few through the power of holy-water haue beene cured The King hath further sent to the Georgians to vnite them to the Romish Church and the Armenians also by an embassage to Rome haue protested all obedience to that Sea as they before had done in the Couent of Saint Augustine which is in the chiefe Citie of Persia He setteth downe the copie of King Abas his Letter to the Pope wherein he requested him to send a Prelate to gouerne at Tres Ecclesiae where the chiefe of the Armenian Christians vsed to reside The like he writeth in another letter to the King of Spaine which if it be so argueth rather his policie to obtaine good will and helpe of the Christians against the Turk then any loue to Christian Religion CHAP. X. Of the Scythians Sarmatians and Seres and of their Religion §. I. Of the Scythian Name People Region Language and manner of life VNder the name Scythia is contained a verie great part of the world It was diuided into Scythia Europaea and Asiatica Pliny saith That this name reacheth vnto the Sarmatians and Germans and to those farthest Nations which were vnknowne to other men And Strabo in his first booke saith That all knowne Regions towards the North were-called Scythians or Nomades and in his eleuenth booke he affirmeth that the Greekes called all those Northerne Nations Scythians and Celtoscythians Those beyond the Adriatike and Pontike Seas and the Riuer Ister or Danubius were called Hyperborei Sauromatae and Arimaspi those beyond the Caspian Sea Sacae and Massagetae Some will haue this name to be giuen them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to be angrie Others of their Shooting called still of some of those Nations and in some other languages Schieten of which our word Shoot is deriued Mela in his third Booke and fifth Chapter calleth them all Sagae and in the fragment which beareth the name of Cato de Originibus is mentioned Scythia Saga this word Saga Berosus interpreteth a Priest saying that Noah left the Scythian Armenians his rituall bookes which onely Priests and that onely among Priests might reade who were therefore called Saga as Noah himselfe had been These peopled the Countries from Armenia to the Bactrians all which place was called Scythia Saga ouer which Sabatius reigning in the time of Iupiter Belus Araxa with his sonne Scythia possessed all from Armenia Westward to Samatia in Europe The Grecians fable Hercules to be the father of these Nations begetting Scythes on a monster whose vpper halfe resembled a Woman the nether part a Viper It were an endlesse and boundlesse worke to seeke and set out the true and proper beginnings and bounds of this so large a Tract of the world called Scythia the particular Nations of them would be but harsh to recite out of Pliny Mela Strabo and others the multitude wherof he that will may find in Ortelius his Thesaurus collected together The Sarmatae or Sauromatae are sometime made one peculiar people of the Scythians and sometimes the names are confounded Sarmatia also being diuided into Europaea and Asiatica whereof the one is interpreted by Oliuerus Polonia by Ortelius Russia and the other Tartaria Goropius in his Becceselana admiring his owne language coniectureth that while Nimrod and his company fell to babel or after our pronuntiation babble at Babel others namely the Cymbrians or posteritie of Gomer staied still in Margiana a Countrie fruitfull of Vines whither hee imagineth Noah descended out of the Arke and there abode after the Floud These he supposeth being not at Babel retained their old and first vniuersall language But Margiana growing too little for their multiplied numbers they were forced to send out Colonies And thus the Saxons Tectosages Sauromatae Getes or Gothes the Danes Galles and other Scythian Nations the true posteritie of Gomer and keepers of the first language as he by Dutch Etymologies gathereth peopled both Scythia and Sarmatia in Asia and Europe together with all Germanie France England Norway Denmarke and some parts of Asia Minor Hee that will bee further informed of his Reasons let him reade his Saxonica Gotodanica and other Treatises of his Becceselanian Antiquities Ptolomey distinguisheth Scythia from Samatia hee confineth Sarmatia Europaea with the Sarmatian Ocean and the land vnknowne on the North with Vistula on the West the Easterne border is Tanais from whence vnto the Hircanian Sea Eastward is Sarmatia Asiatica on the North abutting on the vnknown parts of the earth on the South with the Euxine Sea and a line drawne right from thence to the Caspian Sea Scythia is by
848 Saualets many Voyages Sciequian Sect 463 Sclauonian Tongue the large extent thereof 973 Scribes not a Sect but a Function 132. The Historie of them 132. 133. Two sorts of them 132 Scriptures sense how diuerse 14 The mysticall is miste-all and missecall 16. Opinions concerning the Scripture 169. First penned by Moses 175. Digested by Ezra 87. Numbers of the Bookes Chapters Verses Who first Authour of Chapters 159 The Trent Decree of Translations 168. Iewes respect to the Scripture 168. 169 Seyles King of the Scythians his misfortunes 398 Scythia a great part of the World contayned vnder the name 396 Why so called ibid. The people religion language and manner of life 396 397. Their Temples Diuination Funerals c. 397. 398 Their cruelty and hatred of Forreigne Rites ibidem Particular Nations in Scythia their Acts and Rites 398. 399. seq Scythes a Monster 396 Scythilmus 45 Sea the Creation thereof 10. Diuision thereof 575. Commodities thereof ibid. The Red Sea 84 582. 583. seq 775. seq A large Discourse of the Sea and many Obseruations thereof 571. 572. seq The forme greatnesse depth ibid. The profit motion and saltnesse 573. 574 The Sea Original of Fountaines 574. Varieties of Seas 575. 576 The Persians and Mogol haue no power by Sea 293 Seales a kind of Fishes 435 Seba Peopler and people of Arabia 37. 225. The Region of Seba 143 Sebua Sebuaeans 139. Sebuaeans a Sect of Samaritans ibid. Sebaste in Samaria 105 Seboraei whence so called 165 Sebyrians 432 Secsina in Barbary 700 Sects in Golchonda 995 Seed of the woman and the Serpent 27 Master Selden his deserued commendation 70. 150 Seilan or Zeilan 616. seq The riches and rarities thereof ibid. Their Temples Images Monasteries Processions 617. Their workmanship and iugling 618 Whither Seilan bee Taprobane ibid. Selim the great Turke 283. sequitur Selim the second 285. 286. Selim the great Mogol now reignning his greatnesse and conditions 519. 520 Selfe-penance vide Punishments Selfe-murther 633 Selebes they abound with Gold 578 eat mans flesh 608. Ilands neere ibid. Seleucia 63. Turned into Bagdet 50. Built by Seleucas 63. With eight other of that name 73 Seleucus worshipped 70. His historie 73 Seleuccian Family of Turkes 279 280. 281 Semiramis her Pillar 45. Her Babylon Buildings 48. 49. Not the Founder thereof ibid. Her Sepulchre 45. The first that made Eunuchs 61. Abuse of her Husbands 66. Supposed the Founder of the Temple at Hierapolis 68 Her Image there 69. In Media 350. Her inuading India 381 Senaga Riuer 714 Senacherib ouerthrowne by Mice 62. Slaine by his owne Sonnes 66 Sentence in the Court of the Iewes how giuen 98 Sentida a feeling herbe 563 Sensim an Order of Tartarian Priests who obserue great strictnesse 418 Separatists a Sect of Moores 273 Sepulchres vide Funerals Serpents eaten in America 33. Diuers kinds of Serpents in India 565. Death to kill a Serpent ibid. The King of Calicuts opinion of Serpents 565. 566. Huge Serpents in Africa 623. 624 Seuerall kinds of Serpents there ibid. Serpent vsed to tempt Eue 21. 22 His curse 23. Seed of the Serpent 27. 28 Serpent Images in Belus Temple 47 Serpent honoured by the Phaenicians 77. By the Ophitae 135 Worshipped by the Arabians 221 By the Indians 565. By the Aegyptians 637. 638. By the Adeans 652. A Serpent the Armes of the King of China 451. Tame Serpents 623 Serpents in Brasill 912. 913 Seres their Habitaion and Rites 400 Serug Author of Idolatry 45. 95 Sesostris 227 Seth his Natiuitie and Posteritie 29. 30. Artes ascribed to him 31 Sethiani a Sect of the Iewes worshippers of Seth 135 Sem Sonne of Noah 36. His Posteritie 37. The same with Melchisedec 45 Serapis his Temple and Rites 650 651 Seriffo of Barbary his History 695 696 Seuerus his seueritie 71 Seuerity Elders 99 Seuenty Weekes of Daniel 98 Sharke a Fish 953. 954 Shaugh Tamas the Story of him and of the Persian troubles after his death 585. 586 Shem and his Posteritie 37 Shemer 136. A Citie so called ibid. Sherly viz. Sir Anthony Sherley his Trauels 388. 389 Sheshack and Shacke 58 Shomron Mountaine 136 Siam Silon or Sion a Citie and Kingdome in India 490. Their Houses Inundations Monkes and Superstitions ibidem Their Gods and Religious Men 491. sequitur Their Feastes Temples Deuotions 492. The Kings greatnesse ibidem Besieged 493. Acts of the Blacke and White Kings ibidem Fury of the Iapanders there ibidem They weare Balls in their yards 496 Sibils counterfeit 35. 38 Sichem 137. Called Flauia Caesarea and Naples 143. The Sichemites Religion ibid. Sicke persons how vsed amongst the Iewes 206 Sidon the building thereof 78 Sidonians first Authors of Weights and Measures 82 Sidon first inhabited the Sea-coast 86 Siluer the nature thereof and of the Mines 797 Sinai 225. Mount Sinai how situate ibid. Sincopura Straits 579 Sinda described 532. 533 Sinne the definition and distinction thereof 24. Whence Originall Sinne and how ibidem Whither by Generation 25 Sinnes combination in our first Parents 22. The fearefull state of Sinners 28. Seuen mortall sinnes reckoned by the Turkes 301 Sinne-offering of the Iewes 116 The nature of actuall sinne 25 What accounted sinnes by the Tartars 415. 416 Sion 94 Sithuchrus the same with Noah 47. His Chaldaean Legend ibid. Sitting a signe of reuerence standing of dignitie 420 Skuls in the Temple of Mexico how many 873. In Nicaragua 888 Skuls of Parents made drinking cups 951. A Turret built of stone and Skuls 951 Slaues of Angola 766 Sleds vsed by the Samoeds drawne with Deere 432. Their swiftnesse ibid. Sleds drawn with dogs 744 Snakes vide Serpents Snake-wood where growing 570 Socatera or Socotoro 778. The description thereof 779 Socota an Idoll in Virginia 839 Sodome and Sodomites 85. Historie of Sodome 83. 84. sequitur The Sodomie of Turkes 229 230. Of Persians 371 Of Tartars 419. Of Chinois 440 Sogor a Village neere Sodome 84 Sofala 756. Supposed Ophir ibid. Soldania 761. Their cheape sale of beasts beastly habit and diet colour c. 762. 763. 764 Solyman a name of diuers Turkes 280. 284 Solyman the Magnificent his acts 284. 285 Solmissus how situate 339 Sommers Ilands 960. 961 Sophia chiefe Temple in Constantinople turned into a Meschit 306. 307 Sophi of the Turkes 321 Sorceries of the Tartars 416 Soule 13. It s immortalitie 126 The Iewes Opinion of three soules and one Sabbatary 127 Dogzijn their Opinion of the soule 220 South-sea sayled by Viloa and Alarchon 922 South Continent how great 832 By whom discouered 831 Spaniards how detested in the Philippinas 604. 605. 606. In Cuba 954. Indian conceits of them and their Horses 962 Their cruelties in the West Indies and of their peruerse Conuersion of the Indians vnto Christianitie 962. 963. sequitur Spaine infested by the Danes 1045 Spelman viz. Sir Henry Spelman his deserued commendation 116 Spirit very God 3. Our sanctifier 4. His manner of working 6. 7. Mouing on the waters 6
175 CHAP. XIIII OF the Iewish opinions of the Creation their Ceremonies about the birth of a Childe of their Circumcision Purification and Redemption of the first borne and Education of their Children pag. 177 § I. Of their Exposition of Scripture a taste in Gen. 1.1 ibid. § II. Their Dreames of Adam pag. 178 § III. Of their Iewesses conception and trauell and of Lilith ibid. § IIII. Of the Iewish manner of Circumcision p. 179 § V. Of the Iewish Purification Redemption and Education pag. 181 CHAP. XV. OF their Morning Prayer with their Fringes Phylacteries and other Ceremonies thereof pag. 183 § I. Of their behauiour before they goe to the Synagogue ibid. § II. Of their Zizis and Tephillim and holy Vestments pag. 184 Of their Schoole or Synagogue Rites and their Mattins pag. 185 CHAP. XVI OF their Ceremonies at home after their returne at their meales and otherwise and of their Euening Prayer pag. 188 CHAP. XVII THeir weekly obseruations of Times viz. Their Mundayes and Thursdayes and Sabbaths pag. 190 § I. Of their Mundayes and Thursdayes ibid. § II. Of their Law Lectures pag. 191 § III. Of the Iewish Sabbath pag. 192 CHAP. XVIII THe Iewish Passeouer as they now obserue it and other their Feasts and Fasts pag. 194 § I. Of their Passeouer ibid. § II. Of Pentecost pag. 195 § III. Of the Feast of Tabernacles 196 § IIII. Of their new Moones and New yeeres day ibid. § V. Of their Lent Penance and Reconciliation Fast pag. 197. § VI. Of their other Feasts pag. 199 CHAP. XIX OF their Cookerie Butcherie Mariages Punishments and Funerals pag. 200 § I. Of their Cookerie ibid. § II. Of their Butcherie pag. 201 § III. Of their Espousals and Mariages ibid. § IIII. Of Coniugall duties pag. 203 § V. Of Diuorce and other Marriage obseruations pag. 204 § VI. Of the Iewish beggers Diseases and Penances pag. 205 § VII Of their Visitation of the sicke and Funerall Rites pag. 206 CHAP. XX. THe Iewes Faith and Hope touching their Messias pag. 207 § I. Of the Signes of the comming of their Messias ibid. § II. Iewish Tales of monstrous Birds Beasts Fishes and Men. pag 210 § III. Their Messias his Feast pag. 211 CHAP. XXI OF the hopes and hinderances of the Iewes conuersion pag. 212 CHAP. XXII THe later Inhabitants of Palestina and the parts adioyning since the dispersion of the Iewes till this day pag. 214 § I. Of the Christian times before the Saracens ibid. § II. Of the Saracens and Turkes in Palestina pag. 215 § III. Of the exploits of the Frankes and other Westerne Christians in Palestina pag. 214 § IIII. Of the Azopart and Assysine pag. 218 § V. Of the Dogzijn and Drusians and other Pagans there pag. 220 § VI. Of the vnchristian Christians pag. 222 THE THIRD BOOKE Of the Arabians Saracens Turkes and of the ancient Inhabitants of ASIA MINOR and of their Religions CHAP. I. OF Arabia and of the ancient Religions Rites and Customes thereof pag. 223 CHAP. II. OF the Saracene Name Nation and proceeding in Armes and the succession of their Chalifaes pag. 229 § I. Of the Saracens before Mahomets dayes ibid. § II. Of the Saracenicall beginnings and proceedings vnder Mahomet and his Successors of the Maraunian Race pag. 232 § III. Of the Abasian Chalifaes their Citie Bagadet with many Persian Indian and other occurrences vnder them pag. 236 § IIII. Of their Titles Greatnesse and Learning pag. 240 CHAP. III. THe life of Mahumet Mohammed or Muhammed the Saracen Law-giuer pag. 241 § I. Mahumets life after the Histories of Christians ibid. § II. The Saracen Storie of Mahomets life pag. 244 CHAP. IIII. OF the Alcoran or Alfurcan contayning the Mahumetan Law the summe and contents thereof pag. 248 § I. Of the composition of the Alcoran ibid. § II. The doctrine of the Alcoran brought into common places pag. 251 § III. The Saracens opinion of their Alcoran pag. 258 CHAP. V. OTher Mahumetical speculations and explanations of their Law collected out of their owne Commentaries of that Argument p. 259 CHAP. VI. OF the Pilgrimage to Mecca pag. 267 CHAP. VII OF the Successors of Mahomet of their different Sects and of the dispersing of that Religion through the World pag. 274. CHAP. VIII OF the Turkish Nation their originall and proceedings pag. 278 § I. Of the Turkish name and first original ibid. § II. Of the Turkish Kingdome in Persia and their other Conquests pag. 279 § III. Of the Ottoman Turkes their originall and proceedings pag. 281 CHAP. IX A Continuation of the Turkish Warres and affaires together with the succession of the Great Turks till this present yeere 1616. p. 284 § I. Of Solyman the Magnificent ibid. § II. Of Selim the Second and Amurath the Third pag. 285 § III. Of Mahomet the Third pag. 287 § IIII. Of Achmet which now reigneth pag. 288 § V. Of Sultan Achmets Person Family Gouernment and greatnesse of State pag. 291 § VI. An Appendix touching the Succession of Mustapha twice and of Osmans murder and other ciuill vnciuill late Combustions pag. 293 CHAP. X. OF the opinions holden by the Turkes in their Religion and of their Manners and Customes pag. 297 § I. Of their eight Commandements ibid. § II. Of other their opinions and practices in Religion pag. 300 § III. Of the Turkish manners their ciuill and morall behauiour pag. 303 CHAP. XI OF the religious places amongst the Turks their Meschits Hospitals and Monasteries with ther Lyturgie and Circumcision pag. 306 § I. Of their Temples a description of Saint Sophies ibid. § II. Of their Hospitals and Monasteries pag. 308 § III. Of their publike Prayers and Church-rites ibid. § IIII. Of their Sabbaths and of their Lent and Easter pag. 310 § V. Of the Turkish Circumcision pag. 311 CHAP. XII OF the Sepulchres Funerall Rites and opinions touching the dead among the Turkes pag. 312 CHAP. XIII OF the religious Votaries amongst the Turkes and of their Saints Sects Miracles and hypocriticall holinesse pag. 314 CHAP. XIIII OF their Priests and Hierarchie with a digression touching the Hierarchie and miserie of Christians subiect to the Turke p. 319 A digression touching the Hierarchie and miseries of Christians vnder the Turke p. 322 CHAP. XV. OF the Regions and Religions of Asia Minor since called Natolia and Turkey pag. 325 CHAP. XVI OF Asia proprie dicta now called Sarcum pag. 330 CHAP. XVII OF Ionia and other Countries in that Chersonesus pag. 336 THE FOVRTH BOOKE Of the Armenians Medes Persians Parthians Scythians Tartarians Chinois and of their Religions CHAP. I. OF Armenia Maior and Georgia and the neighbouring Nations p. 343 § I. Of the Armenians and Turcomanians ibid. § II. Of Iberia pag. 346 § III. Of Albania ibid. § IIII. Of Colchis or Mengrelia pag. 347 § V. Of the present Mengrelians and Georgians ibid. § VI. Of the Circassians pag. 348 § VII Of the Curdi pag. 349 CHAP. II. OF the Medes pag. 349 CHAP. III. OF the Parthians
Kingdome Kings and City of Marocco ibid. § II. Of the Kings of the Seriffian Family p. 695 § III. Of the ciuill Wars in Barbary and of some other parts of that Kingdome pag. 697 CHAP. XII OF the Arabians populations and depopulations in Afrike and of the Naturall Africans and of the beginnings and proceedings of the Mahumetan Superstition in Africa of the Portugals Forces and Exploits therein pag. 701 CHAP. XIII OF Biledulgerid and Sarra otherwise called Numidia and Libya pag. 706 CHAP. XIIII OF the Land of Negros pag. 709 § I. Of the Riuer Niger Gualata Senaga and Guinea ibid. § II. Obseruations of those parts out of Cadamosta and other ancient Nauigators pag. 712 § III. Other obseruations of later Times by Engglishmen and others pag. 715 § IIII. Of the Marriages Manners Religion Funerals Gouernment and other Rites of the Guineans collected out of a late Dutch Authour pag. 717 § V. Obseruations of the Coast and Inland Countries out of Barrerius and Leo and of the cause of the Negroes blacknesse pag. 721 THE SEVENTH BOOKE Of Aethiopia and the African Ilands and of their RELIGIONS CHAP. I. OF Aethiopia Superior and the Antiquities thereof pag. 725 § I. Of the name and diuision of Aethiopia ibid. § II. Of the Nations neere the falls of Nilus and of Meroe pag. 727 CHAP. II. A Continuation of the Aethiopian Antiquities and of the Queene of Saba p. 730 CHAP. III. OF Presbyter Iohn and of the Priest-Iohns in Asia whether that descended of these pag. 734 CHAP. IIII. RElations of the Aethiopian Empire collected out of Aluares Bermudesius and other Authors pag 738 CHAP. V. RElations of Aethiopian rarities collected out of Frier Luys a Spanish Authour pag. 743 § I. Of the Hill Amara ibid. § II. His liberall reports of the Library and incredible Treasures therein pag. 744 § III. Of the Princes of the bloud there kept and of the Election of the Emperour pag. 745 § IIII. Of their Schooles and Cities pag. 747 CHAP. VI. RElations of Aethiopia by Godignus and other Authors lately published seeming more credible pag. 749 § I. The seuerall Countries of Abassia their Scituation Inhabitants Riuers and Lakes ibid. § II. Of the Soile Fruits Creatures Seasons and Climate pag. 750 § III. Of their Customes in Priuate Life and Publike Gouernment and their late Miseries pag. 751 § IIII. Of the Sabaeans and their Queene which visited Salomon pag. 753 CHAP. VII OF other Countries betweene the Red Sea and Benomotapa pag. 754 § I. Of Adel Adea Zanzibar Melinde ibid. § II. The Portugals Exploits in Mombaza and of the Imbij pag. 755 § III. Of Quiloa Sofala and Ophir pag. 756 § IIII. Of Monoemugi the Moores Baduines Caphars in these parts pag. 757 CHAP. VIII OF Benomotapa and the parts adioyning pag. 759 § I. Of the Empire of Monomotapa ibid. § II. Of Caphraria the Cape of Good Hope and Soldania pag. 761 CHAP. IX OF the Kingdome of Congo and the other Kingdoms and Nations adioyning p. 765 § I. Of Angola ibid. § II. Of Congo pag. 766 § III. Of their Heathenish Rites also of their strange Trees and of the I le Loanda pag. 768 CHAP. X. OF Loango the Anzichi Giachi and the great Lakes in those parts of the World pag. 770 § I. Of Loango ibid. § II. Of the Anzigues pag. 772 § III. Of the Giacchi or Iagges ibid. § IIII. Of the Lakes and Riuers in these parts of Africa pag. 773 CHAP. XI OF the Seas and Ilands about Africa the ancient and moderne obseruations Nauigations and Discoueries pag. 775 § I. Of the Red Sea and why it is so called ibid. § II. Of the chiefe Townes and Ilands in the Red Sea pag. 777 § III. Of Socotora Madagascar and other Ilands on the Easterne Coast of Africa pag. 778 CHAP. XII OF the Ilands of Africa from the Cape hitherwards pag. 781 § I. Of Saint Helena Thomee Cape de Verd and diuers others betwixt them and of the Weeds and Calmes of those Seas ibid. § II. Of the Canaries Madera and Porto Santo pag. 783 § III. Extracts taken out of the obseruations of the Right Worshipfull Sir Edmund Scory Knight of the Pike of Tenariffe and other Rarities which he obserued there pag. 784 § IIII. Of Malta and the Nauigations about Africa pag. 788 AMERICA THE EIGHTH BOOKE Of New France Virginia Florida New Spaine with other Regions of America Mexicana and of their Religions CHAP. I. OF the New World and why it is named America and the West Indies with certaine generall Discourses of the Heauens Ayre Water and Earth in those parts pag. 791 § I. Of the names giuen to this part of the World and diuers opinions of the Ancients concerning the Torrid Zone ibid. § II. Of the nature of Metals in generall of Gold Siluer Quicksiluer and the plentie and Mines thereof in America pag. 795 CHAP. II. OF the first Knowledge Habitation and Discoueries of the New World and the rare Creatures therein found Beasts Birds Trees Herbs and Seeds pag. 798 § I. Whether the Ancients had any knowledge of America and whence the Inhabitants first came ibid. § II. Of Christopher Colon or Columbus his first Discouerie and three other Voyages pag. 801 § III. Of the Beasts Fowles and Plants in America pag. 804 CHAP. III. OF the Discoueries of the North parts of the New World and toward the Pole and of Greene Land or New Land Groen-Land Estotiland Meta incognita and other places vnto New France pag. 807 § I. Of the Discoueries made long since by Nicolo and Antonio Zeni ibid. § II. Discoueries made by Sebastian Cabot Cortregalis Gomes with some notes of Groenland pag. 809 § III. Discoueries by Sir Martin Frobisher pag 811 § IIII. Discoueries by Iohn Dauis George Weymouth and Iames Hall to the North-west pag. 813 § V. Of King IAMES his New-land alias Greene-land and of the Whale and Whale-fishing pag. 814 § VI. Of Hudsons Discoueries and death pag. 817 § VII Of Buttons and Baffins late Discoueries pag. 819 CHAP. IIII. OF New-found-land Noua Francia Arambec and other Countries of America extending to Virginia pag. 821 § I. English Discoueries and Plantations in New-found-land ibid. § II. The Voyages and obseruations of Iaques Cartier in Noua Francia pag. 823 § III. Late Plantations of New France and Relations of the Natiues pag. 825 CHAP. V. OF Virginia pag. 828 § I. The Preface Sir Walter Raleighs Plantation and the Northerne Colonie ibid. § II. Of the Southerne Plantation and Colonies and many causes alleaged of the ill successe thereof at the first pag. 831 § III. Of the Soyle People Beasts Commodities and other obseruations of Virginia pag. 834 § IIII. Of the present estate of Virginia and the English there residing pag 836 CHAP. VI. OF the Religion and Rites of the Virginians pag. 838 § I. Of the Virginian Rites related by Master Hariot pag. ibid. § II. Obseruations of their Rites by Captaine Smith and others pag. 839 §
Parents whereby they were almost no sooner made then marr'd being as some suppose formed and deformed in one day so interpreting the Psalme That he lodged not one night in honour but became as the beasts that perish This sinne I say did not wholly depriue vs of the Image of GOD whereunto wee were created A remainder and stumpe thereof continued like to the stumpe of Dagon whose head and hands were cut off by his fall or like the stumpe of Nabuchodonosor Tree whose rootes were left in the Earth bound with woâ—nd of Yron and Brasse among the grasse of the field So was mans head and hands fallen off before the Arke that his Wisdome remayning was foolishnesse with God not sufficient to one good thought not able either to will or to doe that which might please GOD. And though the stumpe remained the substance and the faculties of Body and Soule yet was this stumpe left in the earth fast bound with yron and brasse his earthly mind captiued and chained with worldly vanities and deuillish villanies Or to vse Lumbards comparison he was like the man fallen among theeues wounded and spoyled wounded in his naturall parts spoyled and robbed of the gifts of Grace which GOD by especiall grace added to his Nature in that first beautifying of this his Image In the state of Creation Man was made able to commit no sinne in the state of Corruption he cannot but sinne vntill a third state of grace doe free him not from the being but from the raigning and imputation of sinne whereby he is prepared to a fourth state of glory wherein shall be no possibilitie of sinning or necessitie of striuing against sinne And howsoeuer in this corrupt state of Nature in our spirituall actions which meerely concerne the Kingdome of Heauen we cannot but sinne yet hath not God left himselfe without witnesse euen in this darkenesse to conuince vs of sinne Such are those notions sowne by Natures hand in euery of our hearts according to which euidence Conscience as a Witnesse Patron or Iudge within vs accuseth excuseth condemneth or absolueth that hereby GOD may bee iustified and all the World inexcusibly sinnefull and that hereby also a way may be left in GODS infinite mercy for Mans recouery His intent was not to destroy vs vtterly as iustly he might and as it befell the rebellious Angels but by this punishment to recall vs to subiection not to breake vs to pieces in his wrath but by wrath to reclaime vs to mercy Thus Nature suggesteth Reason conuinceth and is conuinced That there is a GOD that that GOD hath created the World as we before haue shewed and that for Man that Man to whom all things serue is to serue GOD who hath subiected them to him Doth not Nature teach the Sonne to honour his Father and the Seruant his Lord If he then bee our Father where is his honour if our Lord where is his feare Nature inferreth Reason vrgeth this and from that ground of Reason doth Scripture reason the nature whereof in our nature is written Euen by Reasons Principles we learne That so perfect a hand as made all these inferiour things in such perfection would not haue been so imperfect in the perfectest of them all so to haue left him in the Creation as wee now see him in Corruption The Philosophers saw Man was a little World for whom the greater was made who himselfe was made for more then the World and that he for whom so durable and substantiall a thing was made must needs be made for another then this fraile and wretched life that is for the euerlasting life with him that is the Euerlasting And that is the foundation of all Religion For what else is Religion but the Schoole wherein we learne Mans dutie towards GOD and the way to be linked most straitly to him And what are all the Exercises of Religion but acknowledgements of the Godhead of the Creation of the World of the prouident order therein and ordering thereof of the Soules immortalitie of Mans fall and imperfection of our Soueraigne and supreame good to be sought out of our selues Of all which Nature and Reason are witnesses not to the learned alone whose testimonies in this kind may easily be produced but euen to the Vulgar and rudest Idiots yea whereas neither Art nor Industry nor ciuill Society hath bound men as men together yet the grounds of these things haue bound them as men by the meere bond of humane Nature to GOD in some or other Religion GOD Man and Religion are necessarily linked as a Father a Sonne and Obedience as a Lender a Debter and a Bond. The Wit no sooner conceiueth that there is a GOD but the Will inferreth that he ought to be worshipped What Philosophers or what Politicians euer taught the Easterne and Westerne Islands discouered in this last Age of the World this necessitie of Religion And yet as followeth in this History to bee shewed they which neuer wore clothes on their bodies neuer furnished their mindes with Arts neuer knewe any Law besides Reason growne almost lawlesse or Magistrate but their Fathers which when they saw other men could not tell whether they were heauenly Wights or earthly Monsters these yet wearied themselues in Superstitions shewing it easier to put off our selues then to put the Principles of Religion out of our selues Yea among all the Lessons which Nature hath taught this is the deepliest indented not Arts not Policie nay not Rayment not Food not Life it selfe esteemed so deare and that naturally to men as their Religion Hereof let this Historie ensuing be witnesse which will shew the Reader euery where in manner ouer the World this naturall zeale of that which they esteeme Religion beyond all things else esteemed most naturall Some in the guilty conscience of their owne irreligion as Aesops Foxe that beeing by casualtie depriued of his tayle sought to perswade all Foxes to cut off theirs as vnprofitable burthens would tell vs that which they cannot tell to themselues which they dare not tell but as they dare whisper That Religion is but a continued Custome or a wiser Policie to hold men in awe But where had Custome this beginning And what is Custome but an vniforme manner and continuance of outward Rites Whereas Religion it selfe is in the heart and produceth those outward ceremoniall effects thereof In one Country men obserue one habite of attire another in another So likewise of dyet and yet is it naturall to bee clothed more naturall to eate but naturall most of all as is said to obserue some kind of Religion The Grecians burned their dead Parents the Indians incombed them in their own bowels Darius could not by great summes procure the Grecians to the Indian or these to the Grecian custome yet was that which mooued both and began either Custome one and the same principle of pietie and religious dutie howsoeuer
diuersly expressed Yea euen the most lasciuious cruell beastly and Deuillish obseruations were grounded vpon this one principle That GOD must bee serued which seruice they measured by their owne crooked Rules euery where disagreeing and yet meeting in one Center The necessitie of Religion As for Policie although it is before answered yet this may be added That whereas men with all threatnings promises punishments rewards can scarce establish their politicall Ordinances Religion insinuateth and establisheth it selfe yea taketh naturally such rooting that all politicall Lawes and tortures cannot plucke it vp How many Martyrs hath Religion yea superstition yeelded but who will lay downe his life to seale some Politicians authority And so farre is it that Religion should be grounded on Policie that Policie borroweth helpe of Religion Thus did Numa father his Romane Lawes on Aegeria and other Law-giuers on other supposed Deities which had been a foolish argument and vnreasonable manner of reasoning to perswade one obscurity by a greater had not Nature before taught them religious awe to God of which they made vse to this ciuill obedience of their lawes supposed to spring from a Diuine Fountaine Yea the falshoods and varietie of religions are euidences of this Truth seeing men will rather worship a Beast Stocke or the basest Creature then professe no Religion at all The Philosophers also that are accused of Atheisme for the most part did not deny Religion simply but that irreligious Religion of the Greekes in idolatrous superstition Socrates rather swearing by a Dog or an Oke then acknowledging such gods It is manifest then that the Image of GOD was by the Fall depraued but not vtterly extinct among other sparkes this also being raked vp in the ruines of our decayed Nature some science of the God-head some conscience of Religion although the true Religion can bee but one and that which GOD himselfe teacheth as the onely true way to himselfe all other Religions being but strayings from him whereby men wander in the darke and in labyrinths of error like men drowning that get hold on euery twig or the foolish fish that leapeth out of the frying-pan into the fire Thus GOD left a sparke of that light couered vnder the ashes of it selfe which himselfe vouchsafed to kindle into a flame neuer since neuer after to be extinguished And although that rule of Diuine Iustice had denounced morte morieris to die and againe to die a first and second death yet vnasked yea by cauilling excuses further prouoked hee by the promised seed erected him to the hope of a first and second resurrection a life of Grace first and after of Glory The Sonne of God is promised to be made the seede of the Woman the substantiall Image of the inuisible GOD to be made after the Image and similitude of a Man to reforme and transforme him againe into the former Image and similitude of GOD and whereas GOD had made man before after his owne Image and lost him he now promiseth to make himselfe after Mans Image to recouer him euen that he which in the forme of GOD thought it not robbery for it was Nature to bee equall with GOD should bee made nothing to make vs something should not spare himselfe that hee might spare vs should become partaker of our Nature flesh of our flesh and bone of our bone that hee might make vs partakers of the Diuine Nature flesh of his flesh and bone of his bone This was that Seede of the Woman that hath broken the Serpents head which by death hath ouercome death and him that had the power of Death the Deuill who submitted himselfe to a death in it selfe bitter before men shamefull and of GOD accursed that hee might bring vs to a life peaceable glorious and blessed beyond what eye hath seene or heart can conceiue This promise of this Seed slaine from the beginning of the World was the seed of all true Religion the soule of Faith the life of Hope the well-spring of Charitie True it is that all receiued not this promise alike for a seed of the Serpent was fore-signified also which should bruise the heele of the Womans seede And this in the first seed and generation of Man soon appeared Caine and Abel were hereof liuely examples It appeareth that GOD had taught Adam how hee would bee worshipped as it were ordering and ordaining him the first Priest of the World which function he fulfilled both in instructing his Wife and Children in prayer with and for them and in the rites of Sacrificing His children accordingly in processe of time brought and offered their Sacrifices As concerning Sacrifices some hold opinion according to their owne practice that Nature might teach Adam this way of seruing GOD as if Nature were as well able to finde the way as to know that she is out of the way and were as well seene in the particular maner as in the generall necessitie of Religion We cannot see the Sunne without the Sunne nor come to GOD but by GOD to whom Obedience is better then Sacrifice and to hearken better then the fat of Rams ABEL saith the Scripture offered by faith without which faith it is impossible to please GOD but faith hath necessary relation to the Word of GOD who otherwise will be weary of our solemnities and asketh Who hath required them at our hands These sacrifices also besides that they were acknowledgements of their thankefulnesse and reall confessions of their sinne and death due to them therefore did lead them by the hand to Christ that Lambe of GOD that should take away the sinnes of the World figured by these slaine beasts confirming their faith in the promise and their hope of the accomplishment of which Nature could not once haue dreamed which hath rather the impression of some confused notions that wee haue lost the way and ought to seeke it then either light to discerne it or wisedome to guide vs in it Of sacrificing there were from the Beginning two kinds one called Gifts or Oblations of things without life the other Victims so our Rhemists haue taught vs to English the word Victimae slaine Sacrifices of Birds and Beasts Againe they were propitiatory consecratorie Eucharisticall and so forth whose kinds and rites Moses hath in his Bookes especially in Leuiticus so plainely declared that I should but powre water into the Sea or light a candle to the Sunne to dilate much of them these beeing the same in signification with the Leuiticall and little if little differing in the manner of doing Caine brought his offering being an Husbandman of the fruit of the ground Abel a Shepheard of the fattest of his Sheepe God respected ABEL and his offering the tree first and then the fruit the worker and then the worke which he signified either by voice or by fire from Heauen according to Theodotians translation as in
beyond Taurus After this hee was slaine exhibiting in himselfe a true example of the worlds falshood that playeth with Scepters and vyeth Diadems vsing men like Counters or Figures in numbring and casting accounts where the same with a little difference of place is a pound shilling or penie one ten or an hundred And yet as earthly happinesse herein comes short of heauen that it is neuer meere and vnmixed but hath some sowre sauce to rellish it so falleth it as farre short of hell that not onely hope but the most miserable hap hath some glimpse of comfort But to come to our Historie Antiochus his sonne sur-named Epiphanes and after Epimanes for his furious insolence who beganne his raigne Anno mundi 3774. was first sent to Rome in hostage for securitie of his fathers faith and after that Seleucus his brother which sent Heliodorus to rob the Temple at Ierusalem had a while warmed the Throne succeeded in the Syrian Kingdome Of him and his tyrannie Daniel had long before prophesied in the interpretation of Nabuchodonosors Image whose legs are interpreted to be this Syrian and the Egyptian kingdomes both heauie and hard neighbours to the Church in Iudea lying betwixt them but more especially in his Visions in the seuenth Chapter Where after other things he fore-telleth of the ten hornes which are the eight Kings afore-named and two Egyptian Ptolemus Euergetes and Philopater in their times preuayling in Syria and infesting Iudea And the last shall subdue three Kings which were Ptolemie of Egypt driuen out of Syria Seleucus his brother and Demetrius to whom after Seleucus the right of the Scepter belonged His policie and blasphemie and tyrannie are also by Daniel plainely fore-signified and in their euent as fully in the Historie of the Machabees related There you may reade his wicked life and wretched death He tooke Ierusalem Anno mundi 3781 and slew fourescore thousand people robbed the Temple of eighteene hundred talents and of the holy Vessels polluted the Temple forbade the Sacrifice named it the Temlpe of Iupiter Olympius forced men by tortures from their religion with other execrable outrages which would require a iust volume to describe As he was thus madde and raging against the true Religion so Athenaeus sheweth his vanitie in his owne whose pompous solemnitie at the Daphnean Feast hee thus relateth Antiochus in emulation to Paulus Aemilius proclaimed this solemne festiuitie in the Cities of Greece and performed it at Daphne First passed in order fiue thousand men armed after the Roman manner next followed fiue thousand Mysians and three thousand Cilicians with Crownes of gold of Thracians three thousand of Galatians fiue thousand of whom some had shields of siluer Twentie thousand Macedonians and fiue thousand with shields of brasse after these two hundred and fortie couples of champions which should fight in single combate There followed one thousand Pisaean horse-men and three thousand of the Citie the most whereof had Crownes and Vials of gold other trappings of siluer Next came the band called Socia nothing inferiour in pompe or number then a thousand extraordinarie and another thousand in the band called Agema Lastly the barded horses fifteene hundred all these in purple vestures which many had embroidered or embossed with gold Chariots drawne with sixe horses one hundred and fortie drawne by foure one drawne by Elephants attended with six and thirtie other The rest of the pompe is incredible and tedious eight hundred youths with golden crownes a thousand fat oxen and three hundred persons to attend the sacrifices eight hundred Elephants teeth There were also the Images of all the gods and Heroes that can be reckoned some gilded some clothed with golden vestures their fabulous histories being with great pompe annexed After all these the Images of Day Night Earth Heauen Morning and Noone Then came a thousand Boyes each hauing a piece of plate of a thousand drams sixe hundred with vessels of gold eightie women were carried in chaires footed with gold and fiue hundred in others footed with siluer very sumptuously attired two hundred of them out of basons of gold strewed odours These spectacles lasted thirtie dayes A thousand and sometimes twelue hundred Halls or dining roomes were furnished for bankets the King himselfe affecting too officious familiaritie therein visiting the tables of the baser people yea and that as a base Minstrell with musicke not of the best instruments but such as the poorer sort vsed for want of better as learned Casaubonus hath on that place of Athenaens obserued So base is the Pride of Ambition tempering a confused distemper according in a strange harmonie the harshest discord of proud-aspiring and deiected basenesse where a base and seruile mind begetteth pride and pride produceth a seruil basenesse a changeling which the doting World fathereth on Humility Of the death of this Antiochus the former and second bookes of Machabees seeme to disagree and which is more strange the second booke in the first chapter saith hee and his company were destroyed in the Temple of Nanaea in Persia and in the ninth chapter saith that in Media at Echatana hee was smitten with an vncouth disease and a fall from his Chariot whereof he died Some that would haue this history Oanonicall apply it to two Antiochi as Lyra and Rupertus and after them Canus but Bellarmine seeing that they will not agree with the times of any other but Epiphanes proueth himselfe Epimanes and runneth mad with loue of that Trent-Minion affirming that in the Temple of Nanae a he fell but escaped as the King of Sodome is said to fall when Lot was captiued and yet was not slaine and after perished as in the after part of the historie is expressed whereas it is there said that they shut the dores on him and cut him and his fellowes in pieces and made them shorter by the heads who yet after this forsooth could goe into Media and there haue a fall from his Chariot They must haue no delicate stomacks that wil be Iesuits any thing must down when they will vp especially if Trent or the Vatican command though manifest reason and sense that I say not Religion countermand I enuie not the red Hat with these labels Wel fare that modestie of the Author that confesseth his weakenesse but Anathema to their Anathema's that enact contradictions to be Canonicall I omit the successors of Antiochus to wit Antiochus Demetrius Alexander who tooke away the golden Image of Victoria out of the Temple at Antioch in his necessitie iesting that Iupiter had sent him Victorie and when hee would haue added Iupiter to his sacriledge was chased away by the multitude and after slaine by Gripus The rest with the times of their raigne are before expressed Pompey set an end to these Seleucidan Kings and the Romans enioyed the Countries of Syria till the Saracens dispossessed them whose history you may reade in their
and by the glorie and order of them learned the knowledge of GOD neuer ceasing that diuine search till GOD appeared to him Which opinion may reconcile both the former that first he was and after ceased to be an Idolater before God appeared in vision to him He alledgeth Philo for his Author that at fourteene yeeres Abraham reproued Thara for seducing men vnto Idolatrie moued by his priuate lucre with Images and seeing the Heauen sometime cleare sometime cloudie he gathered that that could not bee GOD. The like hee concluded of the Sunne and Moone by their Eclipses for his father had taught him Astronomie At last GOD appeared and bade him leaue his Countrey Whereupon hee tooke his Fathers Images who as before is said was an Image-maker and partly broke partly burnt them and then departed Suidas further thinketh him the first inuenter of Letters of the Hebrew tongue and of the interpretation of dreames which I leaue to the Authors credit But for the fault of Abraham before his calling and other blemishes after in him and the rest of the Patriarchs what doe they else but in abounding of mans sinne set out the superabounding grace of GOD and are profitable as learned Morton in his answere of this cauill hath out of one of their owne obserued against them what he had obserued out of Augustine to these foure purposes Faith Instruction Feare and Hope the Faith of the Historie which flattereth or concealeth the faults of none Instruction to vertue by seeing others faults taxed Feare for what shall Shrubs doe if Cedars fall and Hope that wee imitate their repentance by seeing their pardon But to returne to our Historie Many of the Ethnike histories mention him Berosus commendeth him for his iustice and skill in Astronomie Nic. Damascenus sayth that hee raigned at Damascus and that in his time his house continued in Damascus and was still called by his name Hecataeus wrote a booke of him and Alexander Polyhistor telleth that hee was borne in the tenth generation after the floud in Camarine or Vrien a Citie of Babylon Iosephus addeth that when famine draue him into Aegypt hee disputed with the Priests and most learned Aegyptians in questions of Diuinitie and in their diuided Sects hauing confuted one by another he communicated to them the truth both in this and in Arithmeticke and Astronomie whereof before the Aegyptians were ignorant Abram sayth Master Broughton in his Consent was borne sixtie yeeres later then the common account as appeareth by computation of Terahs age who died at two hundred and fiue yeeres and after his death Abram went from Charan into Canaan the threescore and fifteenth yeere of his owne life and therefore was borne in the hundred and thirtieth and not in the seuentieth yeere of his father in the three hundred fiftie and two yeere after the Floud whereas the common opinion reckoneth the two hundred ninetie and two To Abram GOD had giuen commandement saying Goe from thy Countrey and from thy Kindred and from thy Fathers house into the Land which I shall shew thee and I will make of thee a great Nation c. His Historie is fully related by Moses and his progenie also whereof Ismael his Sonne by Agar and other his sonnes which he had by Ketura his second wife he sent to inhabite the East Countrey Arabia in his life time but Isaac was made his Heire both temporall and spirituall to whom Iacob succeeded in the promised blessing who with his sonnes and familie went downe into Aegypt where his posteritie multiplied exceedingly and were called sometimes Ebrewes of their ancient pedegree sometime Israelites of the name Israel giuen to Iacob by the Angell Gen. 32.28 Their whole Historie so largely and plainely in holy Writ recorded I feare to make Mine by euill reciting Those Fountaines are more open to all then that any should neede ours or others Brookes mixed with some myrie earth at least in the passage and my intent is to bee largest in relation of those things which are not in the Scriptures onely touching those things briefly for order sake Their Religion meane while was the best amongst the best though stayned in some as Rachel which stale her father Labans Idols and Iacob was forced to reforme his Familie in this respect and after in Aegypt they were corrupted with the Aegyptian superstition as Ezechiel protests against them The manner of Diuine worship was not so straitly limited as afterwards to persons and places By Reuelation and Tradition they receiued the religious worship wherein they instructed their posteritie vntill that in their extremest thraldome GOD sent Moses and Aaron to deliuer them vnder whose conduct they passed through the Sea and Wildernesse to the brinkes of Iordan receiuing in the way that Law which as a Tutor or Schoole-master was in that their nonage to traine them vp vntill that full and ripe age when GOD sent his Sonne made of a woman made vnder the Law that hee might redeeme them that were vnder the Law that wee might receiue the adoption of Sonnes §. II. Of the Law of MOSES the twelue Tribes and of Proselytes OF this Law although Moses hath giuen vs an absolute relation in Scripture whereof he was the first Pen-man of that at least which remayneth vnto vs yet if wee shall out of him bring them into their order and ranke them vnder their seuerall heads as Sigonius and others haue done it shall not be I thinke ouer-tedious to the Reader The Law is diuided vsually into the Morall Ceremoniall and Iudiciall as parts of the same the first deliuered on the Mount Sinai by the dreadfull voice of the Almightie God and by the finger of God written after in Tables of stone called Ten words summarily abridged into two Commandements by the Law-giuer himselfe The first and great Commandement enioyning the loue of GOD the second of our NEIGHBOVRS that God who himselfe is Charitie imposing nothing but the louely yoke of Loue and Charitie vnto his seruants This Law is eternall written first in the hearts of our first Parents which being defaced it was written againe in the stonie Tables of the Law where it was but a killing letter till Grace and Truth by IESVS CHRIST indited and indented it in the fleshy Tables of the Gospell as Christs new Commandement written it renewed hearts and shall for euer be then grauen in those spirituall Tables when wee that here are Naturall men shall rise againe Spirituall men and shall be the Law of that holy Citie the new Ierusalem this being then perfected when Faith and Hope and this World shall bee finished The other parts Ceremoniall and Iudiciall were for the particulars proper vnto that Nation the one respecting the manner of Diuine seruice the other of ciuill Gouernment not giuen as the other immediatly to the Israelites by GOD himselfe but communicated in the Mount to Moses that hee might acquaint the
their soules and goods whether they kill or be killed Azo 18. 19. And in 57. Kill the vnbeleeuers whom you conquer till you haue made great slaughter God could take vengeance on them but hee chuseth rather to doe it by you he shall lay deafenesse and blindnesse on the faint-hearted Yet in 52. and 98. as contrary to himselfe hee affirmeth that hee is sent onely to teach not to compell and force men to beleeue and Az. 4. Offer no man violence for the law then the right way and the euill are opened except wee expound it rather that Iewes Christians and all vnbeleeuers are compelled to bee tributaries and their slaues not forced to their Religion but instructed onely which agreeth with their practise From this Doctrine and that of Destinie in the 50. Az. hath risen their forwardnesse to the warre and the greatnesse of their Conquests Agreeable to this doctrine is their manner of teaching it the Reader or Preacher as saith Frier Richard Student amongst them in the Vniuersitie of Baldach holdeth a bare sword in his hand or setteth it vp in an eminent place to the terrour of the gaine-sayers But Disputation and reasoning about his Law hee vtterly disliketh Az. 32. To such as will dispute with thee answer that God knoweth all thy doings which in the last day shall determine all controuersies And 50. Nothing but euill cleaueth to the heart of such as vnwisely dispute of diuine Precepts but commend thou thy selfe vnto God that knoweth all things And Chap. 4. 15. Hee is commanded to goe away from such This Booke is giuen to take way discord from men miracles he disclaimeth as insufficient proofe for though it should make plaine the mountaines and make the dead to speake yet they would be incredulous But it is thy dutie onely to shew them my Precepts Azo 23. And Az. 10. Yee which are good beleeue in GOD in his Messenger and in the Booke sent from Heauen They which first beleeue and after deny and become incredulous shall haue no pardon nor mercy of GOD but shall goe into the fire And 11. We will bring infinite euill vpon him that will not obey GOD and his Messenger and will be Disputing To them which demand that the Booke may raine vpon them from Heauen thou shalt say That some asked a greater thing of Moses that he would shew GOD vnto their eyes and were therefore smitten with lightning from Heauen 12. To Iewes and Christians GOD hath giuen disagreements till GOD shall determine the same at the day of Iudgement Make not your selues Companions of them which deride our Law No man receiueth the perfection of the Law but he which beleeueth the Testament the Gospell and this Booke sent of GOD. 14. They which erre will say Let GOD shew vs miracles These hurt none but their owne soules for if they should see all miracles done they would dispute with thee saying That they could not be done but by inchantments Thou shalt not come to them with manifest miracles for they would refuse them as odious things 15. Dispute not with them which will not heare and if they demand miracles say GOD only doth them I know not the secrets of GOD and follow nothing but that which GOD and the Angell hath commanded and if Angels should speake to such they would not beleeue 16. GOD himselfe and his blessed Spirit haue compounded this most true Booke 26. 44. They which say his Law is new or fained go to the Deuil 47. He induceth some gaine-sayers saying We will not leaue worshipping our Images for this Iester and Rimer Yet is he alone come with the truth confirming all the other Messengers 55. He saith I GOD writ this Booke with my owne hand 56. The vnbeleeuers say I am a Magician and haue fained it but then I pray GOD I may haue no part in him when he shall be our Iudge Say not there are three GODS but one GOD alone without a Sonne to him all things are subiect Christ cannot deny but that he is subiect to GOD as well as the Angels 12. We sent Christ to whom we gaue the Gospell which is the light and confirmation of the Testament and the right way to him which feareth GOD The complement of the Iewish law Therefore let euery seruant of the Gospel follow his precepts otherwise he shall be a bad man No religion or law attaines to perfection but such as obey the precepts of the Testament and the Gospel and this Booke the Alcoran sent from GOD. To beleeuing Iewes and Christians he promiseth pardon but Az. 13. preferres the Christians to the Iewes All that say that Christ is GOD are vnbeleeuers and lyers Christ himselfe hauing said Yee children of Israel beleeue in your GOD and my Lord of whom he which will be partaker shall be cast into the fire eternall Christ is but the Messenger of GOD before whom were many Messengers and his Mother was true and they did eat Good people exalt not your selues in your Law further then the truth 3. The soule of Christ was cleane and blessed he cured the leprous raised the dead taught wisedome the Testament and the Gospell The vnbeleeuing Israelites beleeued that he was a Magician And 34. We haue giuen a good place and abounding with water to the Sonne of Marie and to her for hauing done such miracles in the world Of the Creation he affirmeth Az. 2. that when GOD had made the world he disposed the seuen Heauens he told the Angels he would make one like vnto himselfe in the earth they answer We in all things are subiect to your Maiestie and giue praise vnto you but he will be wicked and a shedder of blood Then GOD testifying that he knew a thing not knowne to the Angels taught Adam the names of things by himselfe not knowne to the Angels and therefore commanded the Angels to doe reuerence before Adam which wicked Belzebub refused they obeyed And Az. 25. We made man of clay and I breathed into him a portion of mine owne soule after that I had created the Deuill of pestiferous fire and because Belzebub refused to humble himselfe to this man made of blacke mire he was damned and when he desired respite till the resurrection it was denied and therefore he said he would teach all euill things that they shall not giue thee thankes c. Of the Angels he affirmeth 45. that some of them haue two wings some three some foure and 52. the Heauen would fall vpon men were it not for the Angels that call vpon GOD. OF PARADISE he dreameth in this sort Az. 5. and 65. He which feareth GOD shall receiue the two Paradises full of all good pleasant with streaming fountaines There they shall possesse rings of Gold Chaines Iewels clothed with Cloth of Gold their beds shall be of Gold and this for euer There they shall lie on silken and purple Carpets and shall be accompanied with many Maidens
thousand of his people fled and seated himselfe in a part of Armenia about Erzerum and after vpon some better hopes resolued to returne againe into Persia but in seeking to passe the Riuer Euphrates was drowned and his followers dispersed following their ancient Trade of wandring Heards-men Hee left behinde him foure sonnes Tencur-Teken Iundogdis Ertogrul the father of Ottoman and Dunder The two eldest returned into Persia The two youngest stayed and with them foure hundred Families with their Tents and Carts their moueable Houses And insinuating into the Sultan Aladins good liking by sute and desert this Ertogrul was rewarded as yee haue heard being made Lord of Suguta and Warden of those Marches and liued there in securitie till he was of great yeeres and had seene much alteration in that state He died Anno 1289. hauing liued ninetie three yeeres And him succeeded by common consent as Lord ouer the Oguzian Turkes his sonne Ottoman saluted therefore by the name of Osman Beg or Lord Osman Hee first got into his subiection a great part of the Castles and Forts of the greater Phrygia equally protecting his Subiects both Christians and Turkes he conquered Nice the name whereof is reuerend for the first Generall Councell of Christendome and Aladin the second Sultan of Iconium sent vnto him a faire Ensigne a Sword and Robe with ample Charters that whatsoeuer he tooke from the Christians should be his owne and that publike prayers should be said in their Temples for his health which was of him humbly accepted and such prayers made by one Dursu whom hee had appointed Bishop and Iudge of Carachiser Anno 1300. Neapolis was made his seat Royall Hee fished so well in the troubled streame of the Greeke Empire that hee subdued the most part of Phrygia Mysia and Bythinia and Prusa after a long siege was yeelded vnto his sonne Orchanes and made the Royall seat of the Ottoman-Kings where Ottoman himselfe was buried 1328. His sonne Orchanes succeeded Aladin his brother contenting himselfe with a priuate life who after built two Mahumetan Churches and another at Prusa Orchanes also erected in Nice a sumptuous Temple appointing a Preacher to preach to the people euery Friday and two faire Abbies in the one of which hee with his owne hands serued the strangers and poore the first-dinner Hee was the first that builded Abbies among the Turkes followed herein by most of his Successours Hee got Nicomedia and the Townes adioyning He also wonne all Charasia and at his returne built a Church and Abbey at Prusa placing therein religious men sought out with all diligence His sonne Solyman first of the Turkes that had possessed any foot in Europe crossed the Hellespont and wanne the Castle Zemeenic and after that Maditus receptacles for the Turks which came ouer in multitudes hee transporting Christians into Asia to dwell in their roome And after he wan Gallipoli spoyling the Countrie and winning from the Greekes who were negligent in preuenting or remedying this danger But Solyman dying with a fall his old father Orchanes liued not two moneths after a Prince very zealous in his superstition who besides building diuers Churches Abbies Colledges and Cells allowed Pensions to all such as could in the Church say the booke of Mahomets law by heart and competent maintenance to the Iudges that they should not sell justice Amurath which succeeded exceeded him in his blind zeale Hee kept in awe the Turkish Princes in Asia and wanne many Townes and Castles in Thracia and amongst others Adrianople the seat Royall of the Turkish Kingdome vntill Constantinople was after subdued This was done 1362. Hee ordained that euery fifth captiue of the Christians aboue fifteene yeeres old should bee taken vp for the Turkish King which were distributed among the Turkish hus-bandmen in Asia to learne the Turkish Language Religion and Manners and after two or three yeeres choice was made of the better sort to attend vpon the Princes person and for his warres called Ianizars that is new Souldiers which Order after grew to great account and is yet a principall pillar of the Turkish greatnesse He ouerthrew Aladin the Caramanian King which made the other Princes of the Selzuccian Family to submit themselues vnto him And busying himselfe in his new Conquests in Europe after a great victorie obtained against Lazarus Despot of Seruia as he viewed the slaine carkasses was slaine of a wounded and halfe-dead Souldier who comming staggering as it were to beg his life stabbed this great CoÌ„queror with a dagger hidden vnder his garments Baiazet his sonne and successour oppresseth most of the Mahumetan Princes in Asia inuadeth Valachia besiegeth Constantinople eight yeers ouerthroweth the King of Hungarie in battell subdueth the Caramanian Kingdome and amidst his aspiring fortunes is by Tamberlane depriued of his Kingdome and libertie shut vp and carried about in an yron Cage against the barres whereof he beat out his braines Anno 1399. Mahomet his sonne after much warre with his brethren wholly possesseth the Ottoman Kingdome both in Europe and Asia almost quite ouerthrowne before by Tamerlane Hee tooke the Caramanian King and his sonne Mustapha prisoners who became his Vassals as did also the Vâ—lachian Prince he died 1422. Amurath his successor winneth Thessalonica the greatest part of Aetolia inforceth the Princes of Athens Phocis and Boeotia to become his Tributaries oppresseth the Mahumetan Princes of Asia subdueth Seruia spoileth Hungarie Hee after retired himselfe to a Monasticall life in a Monasterie which yet the affayres of State forced him to leaue againe He inuading Epirus at the siege of Croia dyed 1450. Mahomet was there saluted Sultan in the field a man equally vnequall and troublesome to the Christian and Mahumetan Princes He wanne Constantinople the twentieth of May 1453. the taking whereof is by Leonardus Chiensis declared in a Treatise composed of that vnhappie argument and likewise by Cardinall Isidorus Ruthenus Hee wanne Trabezond the Imperiall seat of another Christian Empire Anno 1460. Hence hee was called Emperour a name not giuen to the Turkish Kings He burnt Athens Anno 1452. Hee obtained Epirus and Mysia Anno 1436. and did much harme against the Soldan and Mamalukes He conquered Euboea and Illyricum in the yeere 1474. ouerthrew the Persians and in the last act of his bloodie life he tooke by Achmetes his Captaine Otranto or Hydruntum in Italy with no small terrour to all Italy Hee was sir-named Great and is said to haue conquered two hundred Cities twelue Kingdomes and two Empires which he lest to Baiazet his sonne Anno 1481. His other sonne Zemes was forced to flee into Italy where a great summe of money was yeerely allowed the Pope to keepe him for his owne securitie and for loue of his brother whom Alexander the Bishop is reported to poyson as some thinke by composition with the grand Seignior He had some warres against the Mamalukes some against the
where in the beginning of these tumults hee had beene put who first feared death and the next thing was hee begged water whom they presently proclaimed Emperour Osman consulted with Huzein Bassa late Vizier in the Polish warre and the Aga of the Ianizaries both faithfull to him sent to haue strangled Mustapha in the Seraglio but a new vproare happened and hee was remoued and guarded The next day the King with the Mufti went to them where after much intreatie their hearts somewhat relenting yet with new furie possessed they slew Huzein Bassa and the Aga the Mufti was conueyed away secretly and Osman led to Mustapha pleads for his life and at last is cast into the Seuen Towers prisoner Daout Bassa the new Vizier enquires and findes that Osman had two brothers liuing one about twelue the other seuen yeeres old and thereupon goes to the prison with a packe of executioners which finde him new falne asleepe and by their intrusion awaked and discontent At first they are amazed and hee made shew to defend himselfe till a strong knaue strooke him on the head with a battle axe and the rest leaping on him strangled him with much adoe And soone after they mourned for their dead King as freshly as they had raged vnseasonably this being the first Emperour they had betrayed and hauing set vp one which in all likelihood they must change for disabilitie The first of Iune following the Capiaga had receiued secret order to strangle Osmans brethren which going to doe they cry out and he by the Pages was slaine The Ianizaries mutinie afresh and will haue account of this treason whereof the King denies knowledge so did Daout who was suspected but to please them is degraded and Huzein Bassa late Gouernour of Cairo put in his place There is later report of the said Daout to bee strangled in the same place where hee had caused Osman to die Neither can wee expect otherwise then monstrous and portentuous births after such viperean conceptions CHAP. X. Of the Opinions holden by the Turkes in their Religion and of their Manners and Customes HOw the Turkes from so small beginnings haue aspired to this their present greatnesse you haue seene bought indeed at a deare price with their temporall Dominions accepting of a spirituall bondage becomming the Lords of many Countries and withall made subiect to those many Mahumetan superstitions The occasion and chiefe cause of Sects in the Saracenicall deuotions yee haue heard in the fourth and seuenth Chapters to which wee may adde here out of Bellonius He saith that besides the Alcoran they haue another booke called Zuna that is the Way or Law or Councell of Mahomet written after his death by his disciples but the readings thereof being diuers and corrupt the Caliph assembled a generall Councell of their Alphachi or learned men at Damasco wherein six Commissioners were appointed namely Muszlin Bochari Buborayra Annecey Atermindi and Dent to view and examine these bookes each of which composed a booke and those six bookes were called Zuna the other copies being two hundred Camels-lading were drowned in the Riuer those six onely made authenticall esteemed of equall authoritie among the Turkes with the Alcoran and after by one of their Diuines contracted into an Epitome which booke was called the Booke of Flowers But this Zuna being not Vna one as the Truth is but full of contrarietie hence haue risen Sects amongst them the Turkes differing from other Mahumetan Nations and diuided also amongst themselues §. I. Of their Eight Commandements ANTHONY MENAVINVS who liued a long time in the Turkish Court saith that the Booke of their Law is called Musaph or Curaam which Georgiouitz reckoneth another booke not the Alcoran it is in Arabike and they hold vnlawfull to translate it into the vulgar If any like not of Georgiouitz his opinion but thinke it to be the Alcoran for al is but the Article and the name little differs as before is shewed I could thinke it likely that this containeth some Extracts and Glosses thereof or is to their Alcaron as our Seruice booke to our Bible hauing some sons and proper methodes but grounded on the other Some things I finde cited out of the Curaam that are not in the Alcoran as that of the Angels mortalitie which perhaps may bee the mistaking of the Interpreter The ignorance of the Arabike hath caused much mis-calling of words and names They haue it in such reuerence that they will not touch it except they be washed from top to toe and it is read in their Churches by one with a loud voyce the people giuing deuout attendance without any noyse nor may the Reader hold it beneath his girdlested and after he hath read it he kisseth it and toucheth his eyes with it and with great solemnitie it is carried into the due place Out of this booke are deriued eight principall Commandements of their Law The first is GOD is a great God and one onely God and MAHOMET is the Prophet of God this Article of the Vnitie they thinke maketh against vs who beleeue a Trinitie of Persons in detestation whereof they often reiterate these words Hu hu hu that is He he he is onely GOD who is worthy to be praised for their limbes health c. and for that he hath prouided sustenance for euery one fortie yeeres before his birth The second Commandement is Obey thy Parents and doe nothing to displease them in word or deed they much feare the curses of their parents 3. Doe vnto others as thou wouldest bee done vnto 4. That they repaire to the Meschit or Church at the times appointed of which after 5. To fast one moneth of the yeere called Romezan or Ramadan 6. That they giue almes to the poore liberally and freely 7. To marry at conuenient age that they may multiply the sect of Mahomet 8. Not to kill Of these Commandements is handled at large in Menauino and in the booke of the Policie of the Turkish Empire and in others Their times of prayer according to the fourth precept are in the morning called Salanamazzi before Sun-rising the second at noone called Vlenamazzi The third about three houres before Sun-set called Inchindinamazzi The fourth at Sun-set Ascannamazzi The fifth two houres within night before they goe to sleepe Master Sandys nameth seuen times of prayer enioyned daily the first Tingilnamas two houres before day not mentioned by Septemcastrensis and another Giumanamas at ten in the morning duely obserued on the Fridayes by all at other times by the more religious When the Priest calls to prayer they will spread their garments on the earth though they bee in the fields and fall to their deuotions Moreouer I haue seene them conioyntly pray in the corners of the streets before the opening of their shops in the morning They spend but a part of Friday their Sabbath in deuotion and the rest in recreations but that so rigorously that a Turke
soot and tastes not much vnlike it good they say for digestion and mirth Of the boyes which some Coffa-men keepe as stales wee haue spoken before Optum they much vse it seemes for the giddinesse and turbulent dreames it causeth which they as all kinde of stupifying astonishment and madnesse religiously affect This perhaps the cause why Tobacco is so liked a thing brought them by the English the worst here passing currant and excellent there But Morat Bassa not long since caused a pipe to be thrust through the nose of a Turke and so be led in derision through the Citie They take it through reeds with great heads of wood annexed The vnder garments of the women differ little from those of the men These weare on their heads a cap sugar-loafe-fashion the better sort vse Bracelets and Iewells When they goe abroad they weare ouer all long gownes of violet or scarlet cloth tyed close before the large sleeues hanging ouer their hands They haue the sweetest children that are lightly seen which they carry astride on their shoulders They anoint their bodies with the earth of Chios which makes the skinne soft white and shining freeing the face from wrinkles For the Readers further pleasure I haue here presented a Turkish Woman in Picture They vse their bond women with little lesse respect then their wiues Their Markets yeeld Men Women Virgins Children to as ample tryall and full purchase as Horses with vs saue that the Men-slaues may compell their Masters before the Cadi to limit the time of their bondage or set a price of their redemption or else to sell them to another But Galley slaues are seldome released or those that belong to great men beyond the Cadies authoritie They buy little children and geld many of them as you haue heard which some say was begun by Selym the second after he had seene a Gelding couer a Mare and by Menauinus his relation of himselfe seemes not practised in his father Baiazets time These are in great repute with their Masters yea the second Vizier of the Port is now an Eunuch For Arts some haue some little knowledge in Philosophie Necessitie hath taught them the practise of Physicke not the grounds of Arts In Astronomie they haue some insight and vndertake to tell fortunes They haue a good gift in Poetrie Their Musicke is very vile The Grand Signior was once perswaded to heare some Italian Musick but while they spent much time in tuning hee perhaps esteeming that their Musick commanded them to depart Logick and Rhetorick they reiect Some write Histories but few read them thinking none dare write the truth of the present or can of the times past Printing they reiect the most of their Priests liuing by writing Euery one hath some trades such lightly as serue their owne turnes a lazie people more esteeming ease then profit yet very couetous seldome holding compact with the Christians that holds not with their commoditie CHAP. XI Of the Religious places amongst the Turkes their Meschits Hospitalls and Monasteries with their Liturgie and Circumcision §. I. Of their Temples A description of S. SOPHIES THE places of most Religion to the Turkes abroad are those which Mahumet himselfe polluted with his irreligion as Mecca Medina c. The places of most Religion amongst themselues are their Mosches or Meschits that is their Temples and Houses of Prayer whereof they haue many in all Turkie and next thereunto their Hospitals for the reliefe of the poore impotent and Pilgrims Neither are the Turkes sparing in these or the like seeming charitable expences For when a Turke falleth sicke and thinketh he shall thereof dye hee sends for his friends and kinsfolkes and in their presence maketh his Testament the greatest Legacies whereof are bequeathed to publike vses which they thinke will be meritorious to their soules Such are the making and repayring of Bridges Cawseyes Conduits to conuey water to their Hospitalls or Temples Some also giue to the Redemption of Captiues Many of their Women the deuouter Sexe whether in Religion or superstition bequeath money to bee distributed amongst such Souldiers as haue slaine any certaine number of Christians a deed in their conceit very religious These are the Wills and Deeds of the inferiour sort But the Emperors and great Bassaes appoint Legacies to expresse a greater magnificence with their deuotion as the building of Temples and Hospitalls Their Temples or Meschites are for the most part foure square not much vnlike to our Churches but larger in length then bredth The Temple of St. Sophie in Constantinople is of all other in the Turkes Dominion the most admirable built long since by Iustinian and by Mahumet the Conqueror peruerted to this Mahumetan vse aboue nine hundred yeeres after Of this Temple they write that it was first built by Constantius sonne of Constantius the Great with a roofe of timber and burnt by the Arrians in the time of Great Theodosius who againe repayred it Sozomenus saith that in the broyles which hapned not long after in the raigne of Arcadius and Honorius about Chrysostome the Church was fired his enemies ascribing it to his partakers and they againe to his Aduersaries It is reported that Theodosius Iunior rebuilt it But in the time of Iustinian Procopius testifieth that base and wicked men burnt it againe which Iustinian built a-new in such sumptuous and manificent sort that in regard of this change it might haue beene wished that it had perished long before His chiefe worke-men were Anthemius and Isidorus who raised it into a most goodly frame which might amaze the beholders and seeme incredible to the hearers Both he and Euagrius recite the particulars The length was two hundred and threescore feet the bredth one hundred and fifteene the height a hundred and fourescore Zonaras Agathias and Georgius Cedrenus tell of the harmes it receiued by Earthquakes whiles Iustinian liued which yet he repaired as did Basilius and Andronicus after him Nicephorus saith that Constantine raised the Temple of Peace which before was but small to that large and stately greatnesse which in his dayes it retayned and his sonne Constantius finished the Temple of Sophia so neere it that they seemed to haue but one wall It was founded by Constantine his fa her and was burnt in a sedition of the people in the raigne of Iustinian in which rebellion thirtie thousand of the people were slaine and partly to pacifie the wrath of GOD saith hee for so great a slaughter hee built this Temple From the side of the Temple hee tooke foure hundred twentie and seuen Pillars or Images of Heathen gods and of the twelue signes of the Zodiake and fourescore Statues of Christian Emperours which hee didistributed in the Citie But more then enough of the ancient structure thereof As it is at this day diuers haue described it but of them all most diligently Petrus Gellius The walls and roofes thereof are of
hee was so bold with the Emperour as to tell him to his face that if hee did neglect the cause of those Mahumetans hee might be thereunto by his subiects compelled Concerning the Mufti and other steps of their Hierarchy Master Knolles writeth That the Turkes haue certaine Colledges called Medressae at Constantinople Adrinople Bursia and other places in which they liue and studie their prophane Diuinitie and Law and haue among them nine seuerall steps or degrees vnto the highest dignitie The first is called Softi which are young Students The second are Calfi who are Readers vnto the first The third Hogi Writers of Bookes for they will suffer no Printing The fourth are Naipi or young Doctors which may supply the place of Iudges in their absence The fifth Caddi Iudges of their Law and Iustices to punish offenders of which there is one at least in euery Citie through the Turkish Dominion and are knowne from other men by their huge Turbants two yards in compasse The sixth are Muderisi which ouersee the Caddies doings and are as Suffragans to their Bishops who are the seuenth sort and are called Mulli which place and displace Church-men at their pleasure The eight Cadelescari who are but two great and principall Iudges or Cardinals the one of Graecia the other of Natolia and these two sit euery day in the Diuano among the Bassaes and are in great reputation The ninth is the Mufti who is among the Turkes as the Pope among the Roman Catholikes When the Bassaes punish any offence against their Law they send to him Hee may not abase himselfe to sit in the Diuano neither when hee comes into the presence of the Grand Seignior will he vouchsafe to kisse his hand or to giue any more reuerence then he receiueth The Great Sultan ariseth to honour him when hee comes vnto him and then they both sit downe face to face and so talke and conferre together No man can ascend to this place but by the dignities aforesaid Mahomet the third forced by a tumult of the Ianizaries to present himselfe vnto them came accompanied with the Mufti and some few others of the reuerend Doctors of their Law who were by the Sultan commanded to sit downe whiles the great Bassaes abode standing Such respect it had to these men Thus much Knolles In the Booke of the Policie of the Turkish Empire it is said that the Mufties authority is like to that of the Iewish High Priest or Roman Pope I rather esteeme it like to that of the Patriarkes of Alexandria Antioch c. as binding not all Mahumetans but the Turkes onely whereas the one had the other challengeth a subiection of all which professe their religion That Author also affirmeth that whensoeuer the Mufti goeth abroad forth of his own house which he vseth to doe very seldome his vse and custome is first to goe and visit the Emperour who as soone as hee seeth him comming to salute him and doe him reuerence presently ariseth out of his seat and embracing him with great kindnesse entertaineth him very friendly and louingly causing him to sit downe by him and giuing him the honour of the place His authoritie saith Soranzo is so great that none will openly contradict the Mufties sentence but yet if the Emperour be setled in a resolution the Mufti with feare or flattery inclines vnto him Next to the Mufti is the Cadilescher who being also chosen by the Emperour may bee compared to those whom the Christians call Patriarches or else to the Primats and Metropolitans of a Kingdome Of these there are now in this encreased greatnesse of the Turkish Empire three whereas it seemeth that they had in the time of Baiazet but one and long after as before is said but two To one of these is assigned Europe namely so much thereof as is subiect to the Turke for his Prouince To the second Natolia or Turky to the third Syria and Egypt with the parts adioyning There were but two Cadileschers till Selym wan Syria and Egypt and erected a third But Soranzo saith that this third of Cairo is not rightly called Cadilescher but should rather be called the great Cadi Out of all which Prouinces whatsoeuer causes come to be determined by appeale or otherwise they are brought to be decided before the Cadilescher of the same Prouince whence they arise notwithstanding that the abode of each of them be continually or for the most part at Constantinople or elsewhere wheresoeuer the Emperour holdeth his Court The honour done to them is little lesse then to the Mufti for that their authoritie is ouer Priest and people temporall and spirituall they are also learned in their law aged and experienced Of the Muderisi and Mulli I can say no more then I haue done Next to these are the Cadi which are sent abroad and dispersed into euery Citie and Towne of the Turkish Empire which besides their Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction as I may terme it in forcing man to their religious obseruations are as it were Iusticers and Gouernours of the places So neere glued are the Offices and Officers the religion and politie of the Turkes There are other which are not sent forth which are called Choza that is Elders These with the Talismans haue the ordering of their Parishionall Churches The Thalisman calling the people to prayer and the Choza executing the Seruice and Preaching and in absence each supplying others Office Menauino more distinctly and in other names numbreth those Church-officers The Modecis is a Gouernour of an Hospitall receiuing and disposing the rents with the other customes thereof Their Schoole degrees are before spoken of out of Knolles Some adde to these former these other Priests of baser condition The Antippi are certaine Priests which vpon Friday called of them Glumaagun and is obserued as their Sabbath because Mahomet as some hold was borne on that day and on other their fasting and feasting-dayes after they haue vsed diuers Ceremonies in a certaine place in the middest of the Temple about thirtie steps high from thence read vnto the people something concerning the life of Mahomet After which two little boyes stand vp and sing certaine Prayers Which being ended the Priest and all the people sing a Psalme with a low voyce and then for halfe an houre together they cry Illah illelah that is there is but one God After all this one of these Antippi out of that high place sheweth forth vnto the people a Lance and Scimitar with exhortation to vse their Swords and Lances in defence of their Religion Of the Imam and Meizin is elsewhere shewed that the one calleth the people to the Mosche or Meschit the other there celebrateth publike Orisons The Sophi also are certaine Clerks or Priests employed in the singing of Psalmes and Hymnes after their manner in their Churches at the times of publike Prayers All these inferior Orders of Priests are chosen by
out of Berosus and Nicolaus Damascenus of old and Cartwrights later trauels what may be thought thereof Armenia as Strabo affirmeth receiued the name of one of Iasons companions which followed him in his Nauigation out of Harmenia a Citie of Thessaly betweene Pherae and Larissa The wealth of this Region appeared when Ptolomey appointing Tigranes to bring in to the Romans sixe thousand Talents of Siluer he added voluntarily beyond that summe to euery Souldier in the Campe fiftie drammes of Siluer to euery Centurion a thousand to euery Deputie of a Countrey and Chiliarch a Talent Their Religion must at first be that which Noah and his Family professed after by time corrupted Here saith our Berosus Noah instructed his posteritie in Diuine an Humane Sciences and committed many naturall secrets vnto writing which the Scythian Armenians commend to their Priests onely none else being suffered to see or reade or teach them He left also Rituall Bookes or Ceremoniall of the which hee was termed Saga that is Priest or Bishop Hee taught them also Astronomy and the distinction of yeeres and moneths For which they esteemed him partaker of Diuine Nature and surnamed him Olybama and Arsa that is the Heauen and the Sunne and dedicated to him many Cities some saith he remaining at this day which beare these names And when hee went from thence to gouerne Cytim which now as bee affirmeth they call Italy the Armenians were much affected to him and after his death accounted him the Soule of the heauenly bodies and bestowed on him Diuine Honors Thus Armenia where hee began and Italy where he ended doe worship him and ascribe to him Names Heauen Sunne Chaos the Seed of the World the Father of the greater and lesse Gods the Soule of the World mouing Heauen and the Creatures and Man the GOD of Peace Iustice Holinesse putting away hurtfull things and preseruing good And for this cause both Nations signifie him in their writings with the course of the Sunne and motion of the Moone and a Scepter of Dominion persecuting and chasing away the wicked from among the societie of men and with the chastitie of the bodie and sanctimony of the minde the two keyes of Religion and Happinesse They called also Tidea the mother of all after her death Aretia that is the Earth and Esta that is the Fire because shee had beene Queene of the Holy Rites and had taught maidens to keepe the holy euerlasting fire from euer going out Noah before he went out of Armenia had taught men Husbandry more ayming at Religion and Manners then Wealth and Dainties which prouoke to vnlawfull things and had lately procured the wrath of GOD. And first of all men he found out and planted Vines and was therefore called Ianus which to the Aramaeans soundeth as much as The Author of Wine Thus farre Berosus lib. 3. and in the fourth Booke hee addeth that Nymbrot the first Saturne of Babylon with his sonne Iupiter Belus stole away those Rituall or Ceremoniall bookes of Iupiter Sagus and came with his people into the land Sennaar where he appointed a Citie and laid the foundation of a great Tower a hundred thirtie and one yeeres after the Floud but neither finished this nor founded the other Old Ianus when hee went hence left Scytha with his mother Araxa and some inhabitants to people Armenia being the first King thereof Sabatius Saga being consecrated High Priest from Armenia vnto the Bactrians all which space saith he in our Age is called Scythia Saga In his fifth booke hee reporteth That Iupiter Belus possessed with ambition of subduing the whole world closely endeuoured to make or take away Sabatius Saga who being not able otherwise to escape his treachetie fled away secretly But Ninus the sonne of Belus pursued his fathers intent against Sabatius who substituted his sonne Barzanes in his place and fled into Sarmatia and after from thence into Italy to his father Ianus Barzanes was subdued by Ninus But to come to an Author of better credite Strabo saith The Armenians and Medes haue in veneration all the Temples of the Persians but the Armenians especially esteeme the Temples of Tanais as erecting them in other places so in Acilesina They dedicate vnto them men-seruants and women-seruants the most noble of that Nation there dedicating shall I say or prostituting their daughters where after long prostitution with their Goddesse they are giuen in marriage none refusing such matches How much can the shadow how little can the substance of Religion perswade men to The Image of Tanais or Anaitis was set vp in her Temple all of solid gold and when as Antonius warred against the Parthians this Temple was robbed The same went That hee which first had layed sacrilegious hands on the spoyles was smitten blind and so diseased that he died thereof But when Augustus being entertained of an ancient warriour at Bononia asked him of the truth of this report he answered Thou now O Emperour drinkest that bloud for I am the man and whatsoeuer I haue came by that bootie This Goddesse is supposed to be the same with Diana A Region of Armenia bare the same name Anaitis How bloudy Rites the Armenians sometimes vsed appeareth by the Historie of the Riuer Araxes before called Halmus borrowing this later name of a King there raigning to whom in warres betwixt him and the Persians the Oracle prescribed the sacrifice of his two faire daughters Pietie forbade what pietie commanded and whiles the King would be an Vmpire between Nature and the Oracle which is the vsuall euent in arbitrements he satisfied neither That the Oracle might bee fulfilled he sacrificed two of noble birth of notable beautie that Nature might not be wronged hee wronged Iustice the true touch-stone of true pietie hee spared his owne and offered the daughters of Miesalcus but so hee lost both his daughters by Miesalcus reuenging sword and himselfe in this Riuer by himselfe drowned Bacchus loued Alphoesibaea an Armenian Damsell and while Tygris then if you beleeue the Story called Sollax was too coole a Mediatour betweene the two hot louers hee swam ouer on a Tygers backe Hence the Fable of his Metamorphosis into a Tygre hence that name left to the Riuer Armenia was subdued to the Persians by Cyrus one part thereof payed to the Persians twentie thousand Colts for yeerely tribute Sariaster sonne to Tigranes the Armenian King conspired against his father the Conspirators sealed their bloudie faith with a bloudie ceremonie they let themselues bloud in the right hands and then dranke it Wonder that in such a treachery as immediately before the same Author affirmeth of Mithridates his sonne that any man would helpe or that hee durst importune the Gods no wonder that so bloudie a seale was annexed to such euidence The Temple of Baris mentioned by Strabo may happily be some Monument of Noahs descent by corruption of the word Lubar as before said Iosephus out of
Nicolaus Damascenus calling it Baris with losse of the first syllable Iuuenal accuseth the Armenians of Sooth-saying and Fortune-telling by viewing the inwards of Pigeons Whelpes and Children His words are in Sat. 6. Spondet Amatorem tenerum vel diuitis orbi Testamentum ingens calidae pulmone columbae Tractato Armenius vel Commagenus Aruspex Pectora pulmonum rimabitur exta catelli Interdum pueri That is A tender Louer or rich Legacie Of child-lesse Rich man for your destinie Th' Armenian Wizard in hot Lungs doth spie Of Pigeons Or of Whelpes the inwards handling Or sometimes bloudie search of Children mangling The Mountaines of Armenia pay tribute vnto many Seas by Phasis and Lycus vnto the Pontike Sea Cyrus and Araxes vnto the Caspian Euphrates and Tygris vnto the Red or Persian Sea these two last are famous for their yeerely ouerflowings the former of them arising amidst three other Seas yet by the incroaching violence of the beetle-browed Hils enforced to a farre longer more intricate and tedious way before hee can repose his wearied waues the other for his swiftnesse bearing the name of Tygris which with the Medes signifieth an Arrow Solinus cap. 40. saith That it passeth through the Lake Arethusa neither mingling waters nor fishes quite of another colour from the Lake it diueth vnder Taurus and bringeth with it much drosse on the other side of the Mountaine and is againe hidden and againe restored and at last carrieth Euphrates into the Sea The Armenians besides their naturall Lords haue been subiect to the Persians after that to the Macedonians and againe to the Persian after to Antiochus Captaines then to the Romans and Parthians tossed betwixt the Grecians and Saracens subdued after successiuely to the Tartarians Persians and Turkes Of these present Armenians Master Cartwright reporteth That they are a people very industrious in all kinde of labour their women very skilfull and actiue in shooting and managing any sort of weapon like the ancient Amazons Their Families are great the father and all his posteritie dwelling together vnder one roofe hauing their substance in common and when the father dieth the eldest sonne doth gouerne the rest all submitting themselues vnder his Regiment after his death not his sonne but the next brother succeedeth and so after all the brethren are dead to the eldest sonne In diet and clothing they are all alike of their two Patriarches and their Christian profession wee are to speake in fitter place The Turcomanians later inhabitants are as other the Scythians or Tartarians from whence they are deriued theeuish wandring vp and downe in Tents without certaine habitations like as the Curds also their Southerly neighbours their cattell and their robberies being their greatest wealth Of their Religion except of such as after their manner bee Christians which wee must deferre till a fitter time wee can finde little to say more then is said alreadie in our Turkish Historie This wee may here deplore of the vnhappy sight of Armenia which though it repeopled the world yet is it least beholding to her viperous off-spring a Map of the worlds miseries through so many ages For being hemmed alway with mightie neighbours on both sides it selfe is made the bloudie Lists of their ambitious encounters alway losing whosoeuer wonne alway the Gauntlet of the Challenger the Crowne of the Conquerour This to let passe elder times the Romans and Parthians Greeke Emperours and Saracens Turkes and Tartarians Turkes and Mamulukes Turkes and Persians doe more then enough proue §. II. Of IBERIA PTOLOMBY placeth to the North of Armenia Colchis washed by the Pontike Sea Albania by the Caspian and betwixt these two Iberia now together with some part of Armenia called Georgia either for the honour of their Patron Saint George or haply because they descended of those Georgi which Plinie nameth among the Caspian Inhabitants Strabo recordeth foure kindes of people in this Iberia of the first sort are chosen two Kings the one precedent in age and nobilitie the others Leader in Warre and Law-giuer in Peace the second sort are the Priests the third Husbandmen and Souldiers the fourth the vulgar seruile people These haue all things common by Families but hee is Ruler with his eldest a thing obserued of the Armenian Christians as before is said euen at this day Constantinus Porphyrogenitus the Emperour writeth That the Iberians boast and glorie of their descent from the wife of Vriah which Dauid defiled and of the children gotten betweene them Thus would they seeme to bee of kin to Dauid and the Virgin Mary and for that cause they marry in their owne kindred They came say they from Ierusalem being warned by Vision to depart thence and seated themselues in these parts There departed from Ierusalem Dauid and his brother Spandiates who obtained say they such a fauour from GOD that no member of his could bee wounded in warre except his heart which hee therefore diligently armed whereby he became dreadfull to the Persians whom hee subdued and placed the Iberians in these their habitations In the time of Heraclius they ayded him against the Persians which after that became an easie prey to the Saracens Of the Roman conquests and exploits in Armenia Colchis Iberia Albania I lift not here to relate §. III. Of ALBANIA ALBANIA now Zuiria lyeth North and East betwixt Iberia and the Sea of which Strabo affirmeth that they need not the Sea who make no better vse of the Land for they bestow not the least labour in husbandrie and yet the earth voluntarily and liberally yeeldeth her store and where it is once sowen it may twice or thrice be reaped The men were so simple that they neither had vse of money nor did they number aboue an hundred ignorant of weights measures warre ciuilitie husbandrie there were in vse among them sixe and twentie languages They had Spiders which would procure death vpon men smiling and some also which did men to die weeping They worshipped the Sunne Iupiter and the Moone whose Temple was neere to Iberia The Priest which ruled it was next in honour to the King hee performeth the Holy Rites ruleth the Holy Region which is large and full of people of the sacred Seruants many being inspired doe Diuine or Prophecie Hee which is most rauished with the spirit wandreth alone through the Woods him the Priest taketh and bindeth with a sacred Chaine allowing him sumptuous nourishment the space of a yeere and after bringeth him to bee slaine with other sacrifices to the Goddesse The Rites are thus One which is skilfull of this businesse holding the sacred Speare wherewith they vse to slay the man stepping forth thrusteth it into his heart in his falling they obserue certaine tokens of diuination then doe they bring out the bodie into some place where they all goe ouer it The Albanians honoured olde-age in all men death in none accounting it vnlawfull to mention a dead man with whom they
by Alexander Ortelius esteemeth Derbent to be Caucasiae portae which Plinie calleth a mightie worke of Nature c. §. VI. Of the Circassians WEstward from hence is entrance into the Circassian Countrey extending it selfe on Meotis fiue hundred miles and within land two hundred Christians they are in profession from hence the Soldans of Egypt had their slaues of which were raised their Mamalukes Their chiefe Cities are Locoppa and Cromuco at the mouth of Tanais the Turke hath fortified Asaph They liue in great part on robberies In old time in this Tract was Phanagoria and therein the Temple of Venus surnamed Apaturia because that when the Gyants assaulted her she implored the aide of Hercules who slew them all one after another Cimmerium a Towne at these straits gaue name thereunto of Cimmerius Bosphorus But little can be said of these in particular more then generally may be said of the Scythians to whom they are reckoned Georgius Interianus hath written a Tractate of these Zychi or Circassi called of themselues Adiga expressing their vnchristian Christianitie and barbarous manner of liuing which I hold fittest in our discouerie of the diuers professions of Christian Religion to relate §. VII Of the Curdi SOme adde vnto Armenia in their moderne Maps and Discoueries besides the Turcomani a people that came thither out of Tartaria the Curdi both still retaining the Tartarian and Arabian manner of life in Tents without Cities Townes or Houses Their Religion halteth betwixt diuers Religions of the Turkes Persians and Christians of the Iacobite and Nestorian Sects In heart they are neither fast to GOD nor Man dissembling with the Persian and Turke and better skilled in robberie murther and faithlesse treacherie their daily practise then mysteries of Faith and Religion They are also Lords of Bitlis and some other Cities and Holds in those parts They are called Courdines by Sir Anthony Sherley who saith they know no other fruits of the earth but what belonged to the sustenance of their cattell vpon the milke butter and flesh of which they liue ruled by certaine Princes of their owne which giue partly an obedience to the Turke partly to the Persian as they are neerest the confines of the one or the other Yet in that simplicitie of liuing through ambition warres grow daily among them euen to the extirpation of a whole Nation As we found freshly when wee passed by one of their Princes called Hiderbeague all whose people were deuoured by the sword or carried away captiue by Coatheague and himselfe remained onely with some twentie soules in a Rocke Ten thousand of their Courdines subiect to the Turke abandoned their Countrey and requested some waste land to be giuen them by Abas the present Persian which gaue them entertainment one occasion of quarrell betwixt him and the Turke They are supposed to be a remnant of the ancient Parthians and neuer go abroad without their Armes Bowes Arrowes Scimitars and Bucklers euen when age seemeth to haue fastned one foot in the graue They adore and worship the Deuill that hee may not hurt them nor their cattell they are cruell to all sorts of Christians their Countrey is therefore called Terra Diaboli One of their Townes is named Manuscute a mile from which is an Hospitall dedicated to Saint Iohn Baptist much frequented as well by Turkes as Christians whom superstition hath perswaded that whosoeuer will bestow Kidde Sheepe or Money to releeue the poore of that place shall both prosper in his iourney and obtaine the forgiuenesse of his sinnes CHAP. II. Of the Medes ARmenia extending it selfe if Iustine haue measured rightly eleuen hundred miles on the East encountereth Media in which lieth our next perambulation It receiued the name of Madai the sonne of Iaphet not of Medus the sonne of Medea and Iason It limited on the North with the Caspian Sea on the South with Persia on the East with Parthia Ecbatana the chiefe Citie built as Plinie affirmeth by Seleucus indeed farre more ancient and by them happily reedified is distant from the Caspian straits twentie miles These Straits are a narrow way made by hand thorow the Hills scarce wide enough for a Cart to passe eight miles in length the Rocks manifesting their indignation at this interruption by obscure frownes and salt teares continually streaming from them which I know not by what sudden horror are presently congealed into Ice also all the Summer time armies of Serpents keeping the passages Well may this bee the house of Enuie so fitly doth that fable of the Poet agree with the nature of this place Domus est imis in vallibus huius Abdita lose carens non vlli peruia vento Tristis ignaui plenissima frigoris quae Igne vacet semper caligine semper abundet videt intus edentem Vipereas carnes vitiorum alimenta suorem INVIDIAM Of Ecbatana we reade in the Historie of Iudith that Arpachshad built the walls of hewen stones seuentie cubits high and fiftie cubits broad c. Herodotus affirmeth that after the Assyrians had raigned in Asia fiue hundred and twentie yeeres the Medes rebelled and chose Deioces to be their King and at his command builded him this Royall Citie and a Palace of great beautie the timber whereof was Cedar ioyned with plates of siluer and gold it was seuen furlongs in compasse his successours are there reckoned Phraortes Cyoxares Astyages Iustine reporteth that Arbactus or Arbaces Lieutenant of the Medes vnder Sardanapalus rebelled against him for his effeminate life and translated the Empire from the Assyrians with whom it had continued thirteene hundred yeeres to the Medes Diodorus Siculus addeth in this conspiracie vnto this Arbaces the Mede Belesus whom some call Phul Beloch the Babylonian who shared the state betwixt them the Babylonian possessing Babylonia and Assyria and Arbaces Media and Persia Of this more is said before In the time of Ninus Farnus saith Diodorus was King of Media who encountring with Ninus in battell was there taken with his wife and seuen sonnes all which the bloudie Conquerour commanded to be crucified And thus remained Media hand-maid to the Assyrians till the time of Sardanapalus but not without some disquiet For in Semiramis time the Medes rebelled and destroyed Nineue But Semiramis inuaded their Countrie with a mightie Armie and comming to the Hill Bagistanus sacred to Iupiter there pitched her Tents and in the plaine fields made a garden containing twelue furlongs Beyond the garden shee cut a Rocke seuenteene furlongs high grauing therein her owne Image and an hundred others bringing her gifts Some tell this otherwise that shee pourtrayed her owne Image in that huge quantitie and appointed an hundred Priests continually to attend the same with offerings and diuine worship At Chaona a Citie of Media shee espying another huge Rocke in the Plaine caused another Garden to bee made in the middest thereof with sumptuous houses
him placed to the East of Sarmatia diuided by the hill Imaus extending vnto the Region called Serica hauing on the North vnknowne places on the South the Sacae Sogdiana Margiana and India But our purpose is to take them here in their more generall sense vnderstanding all the North pars of Asia now Tartaria Asiatica for of Europe sauing wherein the Europaean Scythians agree with the Asian we are not now to speake And of these first to consider their ancient Scythian Rites and in the next place their later Tartarian appellation and Religion Iustin out of Tragus relateth the arguments vsed of the Egyptians and Scythians each seeking to challenge to themselues to bee the ancientest of Nations in which quarrell the Scythians preuailed Their manners and customes hee thus reporteth They haue no limitation of lands nor tillage nor house but alwaies wander thorow places not inhabited feeding their Heards Flocks They carrie their wiues and children with them on Carts which also being couered with hides they vse for houses No offence is more hainous amongst them then theft gold and siluer they as much contemne as others desire Milke and hony is their food their clothes skinnes of beasts for the vse of wooll they know not They haue three times sought the Empire of Asia neuer conquered of others They chaced Darius the Persian King out of their coasts they slew Cyrus with all his armie they ouerthrew Zopyron a Captaine of Alexander the Great with all his forces They onely heard of neuer felt the Roman armes and themselues founded the Parthian Empire That which credulous and fabulous antiquitie hath reported of the monstrous peoples inhabiting the Northerly and vnknowne parts of Scythia is not here to be recited the Countries being at this time discouered and knowne to haue no such men as either by nature are bald and flat nosed with huge chins or haue but one eye where there are also Gryphons keepers of their treasures or men with Goats feet or other monsters of men which Pliny Herodatus and others haue rather mentioned then beleeued Mandauil and Munster following them in like Relations Next to these both in place and credit wee may reckon the Hyperboreans of whom the Delians report that they sent to Delos Virgins with sacrifice to Lucina bound vp in wheat-straw through so many Nations inhabiting betweene Of the Issedones is reported that when one dieth his kindred bring thither beasts which they kill and cut and dresse and eat together with the flesh of the dead man whose skull also they keepe and gilde vsing it as an Idoll to which they performe yeerely ceremonies these exequies doth the sonne there performe to his dead father §. II. Of the Religion Diuination and other Scythian Rites GEnerally of the Scythian Religion thus Of the gods they worship first Vesta whom they call in their language Tabiti next of all Iupiter in their speech Papaeus and the Earth supposing her to bee the wife of Iupiter and call her Apia In the next place they worship Apollo and Venus by the names of Octosyrus and Artimpasa and Mars and Hercules Some of them sacrifice also to Neptune or Thamimasades Images Altars and Temples they thinke ought not to bee made except to Mars Their manner of sacrificing is generally this The sacrifice is presented with the fore-feet bound the Sacrificer at his back hauing laid aside his holy vestment woundeth the same and while it falleth calls vpon that god to whom he sacrificeth and then putteth a halter about the necke and strangleth it without kindling any fire or vowing or other ceremonie and slayeth it the flesh plucked from the bones hee casteth into a great Caldron the bones hee vseth for fewell to seeth the same for wood the Countrie doth not yeeld And if they haue not any such vessell they put all the flesh with water into the paunch and so the beast doth seeth it selfe After it is boyled he which sacrificed offereth the libaments or offerings of the flesh and inwards their sacrifices are besides other beasts especially of horses Their Temples to Mars they build on this manner They heape together bundles of twigges three furlongs in length and breadth and aboue on them is made a square plaine three sides thereof are vpright the fourth is made slope and the bending-wise thereby to get vp thither they bring euerie yeere an hundred and fiftie Waines of twigges to supply the waste of them Vnderneath this worke is erected an old iron sword and this is their Image of Mars to which they offer yeerely sacrifices both of other cattell and of horses and more to this blade then to other gods Of their captiues they offer one of an hundred but after another manner For after they haue offered wine on their heads they kill them by a certaine vessell and after lifting them vpon that their heape or Temple they embrew the Sword-god with the bloud This they doe aboue beneath in the Temple they cut off all the right shoulders of the slaine men and hurle them vp in the aire together with the hands wheresoeuer the hand shall fall there it lieth and the dead bodie apart When they haue performed all their solemnities they depart Swine are so odious to them that they will haue none of them nourished in their Countrie There are among them Diuiners whose Rites are these They bring great bundles of willow twigs which they lay on the ground and vntie and laying them asunder one by one diuine Some of them practise diuination with the leaues of the Teil-tree which they fold and vnfold in their hands The King when at any time hee falleth sicke sendeth for three choice men of those Diuiners who for the most part name some man vnto him which hath forsworne himselfe hauing sworne by the Kings Throne an oath vsed of the Scythians presently the man is brought forth who if he denieth what their art hath accused him of the King sendeth for twice the number of Diuiners and if they by new practise of their art find him guiltie his head is cut off and the first Diuiners share his goods but if they shall absolue him more Diuiners are sent for and if the most of them doe absolue him then those three first are thus done to death They lade a waine with twigs and binding the Diuiners hand and foot and stopping their mouthes cast them into the waines and set all on fire burning Oxen waine and men together vnlesse some of the Oxen by the burning of their harnes escape This punishment inflict they on their false prophets They make their leagues with other Nations in this sort They powre wine into a great bowle mixing therewith the bloud of them which ioine in league cutting some part of the body with a knife or sword and then dip in that bowle or mazer a sword arrowes an axe a dart and after curse themselues with many words last of all drinking the wine
the Mountayne and left a spacious way by which they with all their substance passed Westward Hence it is that the Tartars ascribe some happinesse to the number of nine and hee that will offer a present to any Tartarian Signor must offer nine things which custome they vse in their tributes vnto this day as Master Ienkinson found by experience to his cost Cangius after many aduentures and many lawes which of him were called Iasack Cangis Can hauing first perswaded his twelue sons wherein I thinke his nephewes were also reckoned to concord bidding each of them to bring him an arrow which together none of them ; asunder the least of them might easily breake hee dyed This Historie of Cingis or Cangius I haue thus fully related for knowledge both of the beginnings of their State and Religion and if these Visions seeme fabulous yet might Cingis in his subtilty deale with them as Mahomet with his Arabians or Numa with the Romans the one making Gabriel the other Aegeria Authors of their policies and what hee in part pretended might by Fame and Time be augmented Although I see not but that this History of Cingis may as well be credited as that of Alexander in Iosephus to whom appeared one in the habite of the Iewish High Priest commanding him to vndertake that enterprise with promise of assistance for which cause he whom the World worshipped as a King and as a God did worship himselfe prostrate before Iaddus the High Priest And the same Author also saith that the Pamphylian Sea diuided it selfe to giue way vnto his Macedonian Souldiers hauing no other way to destroy the Empire of the Persians To returne to our Fryer with whom we began he reporteth that Cingis after his victorie against the Naimani warred vpon the Kythayans where hee was ouerthrowne and all the Nobles except seuen slaine Hauing breathed himselfe a while at home hee inuaded the Huyri a Christian people of the Nestorian Sect whom they ouer-came and receiued of them Letters of which before they were ignorant After them he subdued the Saroyur Karanites and Hudirat This done he waged Warre against the Kythayans or Cathayans whose Emperour he shut vp into his chiefe Citie where Cingis besieged him till that Victuall fayling in his Campe he commanded that they should eate euery tenth man of the Armie They of the Citie fought valiantly with Engines Darts Arrowes and when Stones wanted they threw Siluer especially molten siluer But by vnder-mining the Tartars made way from the Armie into the middest of the Citie where they issued vp and opened the gates by force and slew the Citizens This is the first time that the Emperour of the Kathayans being vanquished Cingis Cham obtayned the Empire The men of Kaytay are Pagans hauing a speciall kinde of writing by themselues and as it is reported the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament They haue also recorded in Histories the liues of their fore-fathers and they haue Eremites and certayne houses made after the maner of our Churches which in those dayes they greatly resorted vnto They say that they haue diuers Saints also and they worship one God They adore and reuerence Christ Iesus our Lord and beleeue the Article of eternall life but are not baptized They doe also honorably esteeme and reuerence our Scriptures They loue Christians and bestow much almes and are a very courteous and gentle people They haue no beards and they agree partly with the Mongals in the disposition of their countenance There are not better Artificers in the world Their Countrey is exceeding rich in Corne Wine Gold Silke and other commodities Of their writing Fryer Bacon from the Relations of W. Rubruquis which liued in his time and Rubruquis himselfe as in the Manuscript thereof appeareth testifie that it was done with pencils and in characters as the Chinois and Iaponites still vse The Iugres write from the top to the bottome of the page and from the left hand to the right the men of Tebeth as wee doe those of Tangat from the right hand to the left but multiply their lines vpwards The Cathayans saith Rubruquis are little men and speake thorow the nose They are good artificers the sonne succeeding in the fathers trade Their Physitians deale with hearbes but not with vrines There were amongst them Nestorians who had a Bishop residing in Segni Their bookes were in Syriake themselues ignorant of that tongue They were drunkards vsurers and some of them had many wiues They washed their lower parts when they entred their Churches they feast and eat flesh on Fridayes as the Saracens Their Bishop visits them scarce once in fiftie yeeres And then all their Males euen infants also are ordred Priests The Idolaters amongst them are more moderate some of which weare yellow broad cowles some are Eremites and leade an austere life in woods and hills Cathaya had not then any vines but they made drinke of Rise wherewith they also tooke a kinde of Apes which would drinke themselues drunken with that pleasant liquor out of whose neckes they tooke the bloud wherewith they died purple After the conquest of Cathay Cyngis sent his sonne Thossut Can for so they termed him also against the people of Comania whom hee vanquished Another sonne he sent against the Indians who subdued India Minor These Indians are the blacke Saracens which are also called Aethiopians Thence hee marched to fight against Christians dwelling in India Maior whose King was commonly called Presbyter Iohn who by a stratageme repelled them out of his dominion In trauelling homewards the said Armie of the Mongals came vnto the Land of Buirthabeth the inhabitants whereof are Pagans and conquered the people in battaile This people haue a strange custome When any mans father dieth hee assembleth all his kindred and they eat him They haue no beards but with an iron instrument plucke out the haires if any grow Cyngis himselfe went vnto the Land of Kergis which they then conquered not And in his returne home his people suffered extreme famine and by chance finding the fresh entrailes of a beast they cast away the dung sod it and brought it before Cyngis and did eate thereof Heereupon Cyngis enacted That neither the bloud nor the entrailes nor any other part of a beast which might bee eaten should be cast away saue onely the dung Hee was afterward slaine by a thunderclap leauing behind him foure sonnes the first Occoday the second Thossut Can the third Thiaday the name of the fourth is not knowne §. III. Of OCCODAY the next Emperour and CVINE CAN. CYNGIS being dead Occoday was chosen Emperour He sent Duke Bathy his nephew the sonne of Thossut Can against the Countrey of Altisoldan and the people called Bisermini who were Saracens but spake the Language of Comania whom hee subdued Thence they marched against Orna a Port Towne on the Riuer Don where were many Gazarians Alanians Russians and Saracens which he drowned
Maotis but whether in deuouring the people with their swords as they did the pastures with their cattel they came from hence or these from thence or that Pliny might easily wander in so wandering a subiect all auer that from hence they went first into Persia and in succeeding ages haue made many fertile Countries like their Turcomania where Master Ienkinson saith groweth no grasse but heath whereon the cattell feed The Ottoman-horse blasting with his breath the ground he treads on according to their owne Prouerbe there neuer groweth grasse more The Turkeman Nation is saith Haithon for the most part Mahumetan and many of them without Law at all They vse the Arabike Letters §. III. Of the Zagathayan Tartars THese Desarts and Theeues haue almost made vs forget our diuision according to which wee should haue told you that from the Caspian Sea hither you must according to Maginus call the Tartars generally Zagathayans so called of Zagathay the Great Cans brother sometime their Prince Which name comprehendeth also diuers other Nations more ciuill then the former possessing the Countries sometime knowne by the names of Bactriana Sogdiana Margiana now Ieselbas that is Greene heads of the colour of their Turbants differing from the Persians whom they call for like cause Red-heads These haue cruell warres continually with the Persians whom they call Caphars as they doe the Christians for their supposed heresie of which in the Persian relation hath beene shewed and for that they will not cut the haire of their vpper lips for which they are accounted of the Tartars great sinners In Boghar is the seat of their Metropolitane who is there more obeyed then the King and hath sometime deposed the King and placed another at his pleasure There is a little Riuer running through the Citie whose water breedeth in them that drinke thereof especially strangers a worme of an ell long which lieth in the leg betwixt the flesh and the skin and is plucked out about the anckle with great Art of Surgeons well practised herein And if it breake in plucking out the partie dieth They plucke out an inch in a day which is rolled vp and so proceed till she be all out And yet will not the Metropolitane suffer any drinke but water or Mares milke hauing Officers to make search and punish such as transgresse with great seueritie Zagatai liued the space of one hundred twentie and one yeeres before Marcus Paulus and was as hee saith a Christian but his sonne followed him in his Kingdome not in his Religion Here in this Countrey is Samarcand the Citie of Great Tamerlaine of some called Temir Cuthlu that is as Mathias a Michou interpreteth it Happy Sword whose Armie contained twelue hundred thousand whose Conquests exceed if Histories exceed not all the Great Alexanders Pompeys Caesars or any other Worthies of the World And one of the greatest Monarch now of the Earth The Great Mogore is said to descend of him Of him are many Histories written by some that haue liued since his time and could not well know his proceedings it being generally deplored that this Achilles wanted a Homer which Alexander applauded in him but wanted for himselfe onely one Alhacen an Arabian which then liued hath written largely thereof and that as he saith by Tamerlans command which Iean du Bec Abbot of Mortimer in his voyage into the East Countrie met with and had it interpreted to him by an Arabian and wee vpon his credit which if any thinke to be insufficient I leaue it to his choice and censure That Author saith that Tamerlan descended of the Tartarian Emperours and Og his father was Lord of Sachetay who gaue to his sonne Tamerlan which name signifieth Heauenly grace in their Tongue his Kingdome while hee yet liued appointing two wise Counsellours Odmar and Aly to assist him Hee was well instructed in the Arabian learning and a louer of Learned men Nature had set in his eyes such rayes of Maiestie and beautie that men could scarce endure to looke on them He wore long haire contrary to the Tartarian Custome pretending that his mother came of the race of Sampson He was strong and had a faire leg whereas Leunclauius saith he was called Tamurleng of his lamenesse His first Warre was against the Muscouite whom he ouercame The second against the King of China with like successe I mention not his battailes in ciuill warres The third against Baiazet the Turke whom he captiued passing thither by the way of Persia where Guines Author of the Sophian Sect a great Astrologer and accounted a holy man encouraged him with prophesies of his good successe This Warre he made against Baiazet in behalfe of the Greeke Emperour and others whom the Turke oppressed He went priuately to Constantinople and had sight of the Citie with all kindnesse from the Emperour He inuaded Syria and Aegypt ouerthrew the Soldan and won Cairo destroyed Damascus visited and honoured Ierusalem and the holy Sepulchre and granted great Priuiledges thereunto The Princes of Lybia and barbarie by their Embassages in Aegypt acknowledged his Soueraigntie In his returne by Persia he was encountred by Guines who brought with him an infinite number of sundry kindes of beasts which he made tame and by which he taught men As soone as he saw Tamerlan he made his Praiers towards the Heauens for his health and for the Religion of the Prophet excommunicating the Ottomans as enemies to the faithfull beleeuers Tamerlan gaue him fifteene or sixteen thousand of his prisoners which he instructed in his opinion and after conquered Persia and so returned to Samarcand where he had vowed to erect a Church and Hospitall with all sumptuous Magnificence thence he went to Mount Althay to burie his vncle and father in law the Great Chan in whose State he succeeded He enriched Samarcand with the spoiles gotten in his warres and called the Temple which he there built the Temple of Salomon wherein he hanged vp Trophees and Monuments of his victories and caused all his battailes there to be ingrauen thereby said he to acknowledge the Goodnesse of GOD. His Religion was not pure Mahumetisme for he thought GOD was delighted with varietie of worships yet he hated Polytheisme and Idols onely one GOD he acknowledged and that with much deuotion after this manner Thus he beat downe all the Idols in China but honoured the Christians with great admiration at the strict life of some Votaries When Aly his Counsellour was dead he built a stately Tombe for him at Samarcand and caused prayers to be said three dayes for his soule Being neere his end hee blessed his two sonnes laying his hand on the head of Sautochio the elder and pressing it downe but lifting vp the chinne of Letrochio the younger as it were presaging vnto him the Empire although the elder were proclaimed But this Empire was too great and too suddenly erected to continue Of his successe and successors in Persia you
Paroes the Countrey being full of Riuers in which they goe to and fro with their Families as strange is the dwelling here on the Land their houses being set on high posts and their going vp on Ladders for feare of Tygres From hence to Pegu is tenne as is said before or eleuen dayes iourney by the Riuers as before is expressed where their Markets are as their dwellings vpon the water in Boates with a great Sombrero like a Cart-wheele to keepe off the Sunne made of Coco-Leaues They vse in riding to carry bits in their mouthes which make them swell and puffing cheekes The husbands buy their wiues and if they mislike put them away And if the wiues Parents will take away their daughters they must restore that which was giuen in price for her If a man dies without children the King is his Heire And if hee hath children the King hath a third they the rest They vse to carrie men somewhat after the fashion of Congo in a kind of Couerlet of Cotton called Delingo of diuers colours made commodiously to keepe off the Sunne and Raine and easie to lie on as a bed carried by foure men which alway runne from morning to night resting onely once in the day The wife children and slaues of the Debtor are bound to the Creditor who may carry the Debtor to his house and shut him vp or else sell the wife children and slaues The Noble and Ignoble obserue one fashion of attire differing in the finenesse of the matter which commonly is bombast One piece for a shirt another large and painted tied vp betweene the legges On their heads a kind of Mitre of the same and some like a Hiue they goe bare-foot but the Nobles vsually are carried in Delingos or on Horse-backe The women weare a smocke to the girdle from thence a strait cloth of purpose to shew that they are Women in sort before related They goe bare-foote their armes laden with Hoopes of Gold and Iewels and their fingers full of precious Rings with their haire rolled vp about their heads Many weare a cloth about their shoulders in stead of a Cloake In Pegu they vse much Opium Aracan is mid-way betweene Bengala and Pegu on the Coast Hee is able saith Fredericke to arme many Austs by Sea and by Land hath certaine Sluces with the which if the King of Pegu his greatest enemy assaulted his Countrey hee could at pleasure couer a great part with waters In Pegu they haue a custome of buying and selling by Brokers which vndertake for the performance on both sides Also that others standing by may know what is bidden for commodities they haue their hands vnder a cloth and by touching the fingers and nipping the ioynts each finger and ioynt hauing his proper signification they make vp their bargaines CHAP. V. Of the Religion in Pegu and the Countreys sometime subiect thereto THeir Varellaes or Idol-Temples in the Kingdome of Pegu are many They are made round like a Sugar-Loafe or a Bell some are as high as a Church or a reasonable Steeple very broad beneath some a quarter of a mile in compasse in the making of them they consume many Sugar-Canes with which they couer them from the top to the bottome Within they bee all earth done about with stone They spend thereon much gold for they be all gilded aloft and many of them from the top to the bottome and euery ten or twelue yeeres they must bee new gilded because the Raine consumeth off the gold for they stand open abroad Were it not for this vaine custome gold would there be good cheape About two dayes iourney from Pegu there is a Varelle or Pagode which is the Pilgrimage of the Pegues It is called Dogonne and is of wonderfull bignesse and all gilded from the foot to the top This house is fifty fiue paces in length and hath in it three Iles or Walks and forty great Pillars gilded which stand betweene them It is gilded with gold within and without These are houses very faire round about for the Pilgrims to lie in and many goodly houses for the Tallipoys to preach in which are full of Images both of men and women all ouer gilded I suppose it the fairest place in the world It standeth very high and there are foure waies to it which all along are set with Trees of Fruits in such wise that a man may goe in the shade aboue two miles in length And when their Feast-day is a man can hardly passe by Water or by Land for the great prease of people which resort thither from all places of the Kingdome There are on the shoares of Dogon two Statues which from the head down-ward represent young men but haue the faces of Deuils and two wings on their backes In Pegu there is Varelle or Temple like to this which the King frequented to doe his Holies therein mounting vp staires at the foot whereof were two Tygers gaping wide seeming as if they had beene aliue Besides the many Magazins or Treasuries full of Treasure which the late Braman King had hee had neere vnto the Palace a Court walled with stone the gates whereof were open euery day Within this Court are foure gilded Houses couered with Lead and in euery of them certaine Idols of great value In the first house was a great Statue of Gold and on his head a Crowne of Gold beset with rare Rubies and Saphires and about him foure little children of Gold In the second House is another of Siluer as high as an House set as it were sitting on heapes of money crowned his foot is as long as a man In the third house there is the like Idoll of Brasse and in the fourth of Ganza which is their Mony-mettall tempered of Lead and Copper In another Court not farre from this stand foure other Colosses or huge Images of Copper in Houses gilded faire as they are themselues saue the head Balby tells of fiue made of Ganza so monstrous that the toes of their feeet were as big as a man and sitting crosse-legged were yet as high as one could hurle a stone and were all gilded Fernandes relateth of threescore and seuen Images of Gold richly adorned with Iewels and three hundred threescore and sixe Combalengas or Gourds of Gold molten by the Kings Father each weighing a hundred fourescore pound besides his other Treasures to conceale which he slew two hundred Eunuchs his attendants Their Tallipoys before they take Orders go to Schoole till they be twentie yeeres old or more then they come before a Tallipoy appointed for that purpose whom they call Rowli Hee as chiefe and most learned examineth them many times Whether they will leaue their Friends and the company of all Women and take vpon them the habite of a Tallipoy If hee be content then hee rideth vpon an Horse about the streets very richly apparrelled with Drums and Pipes to shew that hee leaueth the riches of the
They are very resolute people and dread no attempt which the King shall enioyne them bee it neuer so dangerous All the race of this King Ballomboam was rased and vtterly destroyed by the Passaruan after a long siege which warre was begun in the blood of the King of Ballamboams Daughter whom he slew as is before said and added this Drunkennesse vnto his thirst Iortam or Ioartam contayneth about a thousand Housholds The Inhabitants are Ethnikes and haue their Temples in Woods to which they resort to say and doe their Holies at noone before their deformed Diuell-formed Pagodes In this Citie dwelleth the chiefe Pope or heigh Priest of that Superstition whose authoritie is great in all those parts Hee was a hundred and twentie yeeres old and had many Wiues which nourished him with their milke being not able to take other sustenance a deadly enemie to the Christians whom the King did yet with some priuiledges fauour Edmund Scot writeth That they vse in Bantam martiall Law Adulterie is death The free Iauan must to euery wife keepe ten women-slaues which are their Concubines also some keepe fortie but they may haue but three Wiues They are proud and by this multitude of Slaues poore cruell and cowardly Their Crisses or Daggers are two foot long waued Indenture-fashion and poysoned that few escape The vulgar sort haue little Religion but many pray to the Diuell whom for that end they haue painted in their houses and set Wax Candles and sing before them for feare of hurt which they doe not to God because of his goodnesse The most of their worke is to carue stickes for their Crisse-handles They are Couzeners Theeues Idle Gluttons take Betele Opium Tobacco They haue diuers Sects yet most are in manner Atheists Many Chinois dwell there Some thinke that if they bee good they shall be borne againe after death to great riches and that wicked men shall bee turned into Toades or other vgly beasts Euery New Moone they burne Sacrifices and sing ouer them certayne Prayers in the meane while tinging a Bell which at the end of euery Prayer they ring out which is also their Passing-Bell Ceremonie when any are readie to die They furnish their Altars with Goats Hennes Duckes sometimes raw and sometimes ready dressed all which they eate onely certaine papers painted and cut out in curious workes they burne Many of them haue some skill in Astronomie They keepe no Sabbath but what day they begin any great worke they after keepe holy They haue South-sayers which sometimes runne vp and downe the streets like mad-men with swords in their hands tearing their hayre and throwing themselues against the ground Chinois cut not their haire for then they may not returne to China They buy Slaues and get Children of them which they carrie with them to China but sell the Mother The * Moores if they be Great men haue Moschees in their owne houses they haue one great one in the Citie Forreiners whereof are many from many places inhabite the Suburbes They buy by night distilled Wines of the Chinois and drinke it secretly being forbidden it by their Mahumetane Law It was about the yeere 1560. that this people became of that Sect The men and women passe their time day and night in much sloath dalliance and chewing Betele Epicuri de grege porci CHAP. XVII Of Samatra and Zeilan SAmatra is esteemed by some the greatest of the Easterne Ilands stretching it selfe almost seuen hundred miles in length in bredth aboue two hundred The Ayre is not very wholsome by reason of the situation vnder the Line and the multitude of Lakes and Riuers whereout the Sun drinketh more then hee can well concoct and therefore as it were belcheth out heere continually such crude and vndigested vapours Their food is Millet Rice Sagu and Fruits Their riches are Pepper Ginger Cassia Silke Benioyn Gold Tinne Iron c. The Kingdome of Campa yeeldeth Trees whose pith or marrow is Aloe which is prized in India at the like weight some say of Gold the Barke is called Aquila In the Sea-coast they are Moores in Religion and so haue been about these last two hundred yeeres vp within Land they are Pagans and in many places as in the Kingdomes of Andragiri and Aru they are Man-eaters They were diuided before the Portugals entred India into nine and twentie Kingdomes whereof the chiefe was Pedir after that Pacem and now Acem For Abram sometime a Slaue since King of Acem hath conquered almost all the North part of the Iland and with helpe from the Turke and the Arabians distresseth sometimes the affaires of Malacca This King gaue in marriage with his Daughter to the King of Ior a Peece of Ordnance such as for greatnesse length and workmanship can hardly bee matched in all Christendome Heere is a Hill called Balaluanus which continually burneth and a Fountaine as is reported which runneth pure Balsome Some thinke that this was Chersonesus Aurea of the Ancients Galuanus writeth That the Bacas or Man-eaters in the Mountaines of Samatra gild their teeth and esteeme the flesh of blacke people sweeter then of the white The flesh of their Kine Buffes and Hennes is as blacke as Inke They say that there are certaine people there called Daraqui Dara which haue tayles like to Sheepe Heere is said also to grow a Tree the juyce whereof is strong poyson and if it touch the blood of a man killeth him but if a man drinke of it it is a soueraigne Antidote As for those tayled-people a slander by Beckets Legend reported of some Kentish-men iniurious to that angrie Saint and after applyed to our whole Nation many indeed esteeming the English to bee tayled Galuano affirmeth That the King of Tidore told him that in the Ilands of Batto-China there were some which had tayles hauing also a thing like vnto a dugge betweene their coddes out of the which there came Milke Nicoli di Conti saith in his time the Samatrans were all Gentiles and the Man-eaters amongst them vsed the skuls of their eaten enemies in stead of money exchanging the same for their necessaries and he was accounted the richest man which had most of those skuls in his house In Vertomannus time they had money in Pedir marked on the one side with a Diuell on the other with a Chariot drawne with Elephants Their Religion hee saith is the same with those of Tarnassari burning their Wiues in like manner The inhabitants are cunning Artificers Merchants and Saylers their Ships haue at each end a Prow which with maruellous agilitie they can dispose forwards or backwards making vse of the same according to the diuersitie of Wind and Channell which there are very changeable In Acem are Mesquits of Timber and Reed with Vessels of water at the entrie for them to wash according to the Arabian custome The King comes little abroad nor may any goe to him except he be sent for
place neere Bernice Antaeus if his legend bee true was threescore and foure cubits long a cruell and inhospitall Tyrant who in his encountring with Hercules was three times hurled dead to the earth and so many times by his mother the Earth reuiued which Hercules perceiuing held him vp in the Aire till he had strangled him Whereby they intend that the Sunne reuiueth the earth signified by Antaeus and Hercules but with his excessiue heat doth kill it The Hesperides were the daughters of Hesperus brother of Atlas Aegle Arethusa Hespertusa In their Gardens grew those golden apples the dowrie of Iuno to Iupiter kept by a Dragon engendred of Typhon and Echidnae which had an hundred heads and many voyces attended by the Priest of the Hesperides these Hercules fetched away This was the poeticall tale the truth whereof is said to bee that the daughters of Atlas were by Pirats and Theeues sent from Busiris King of Egypt stolne and redeemed by Hercules who slue those theeues These were borne to Atlas of Hesperia daughter of Hesperus his brother called therefore Atlantides and Hesperides sixe in number Atlas had an excellent kinde of sheepe with yellow fleeces which for this exploit he bestowed on Hercules and taught him also the knowledge of Astronomie in regard of which Science Atlas is said to haue borne vp the Heauens with his shoulders and Hercules to haue vndertaken his burthen Whereas Natalis Comes placeth these gardens with Plinie neere to Lixus and yet nigh to Meroe and the Red Sea betwixt which places is such a world of distance it argueth how great errours great Schollers may fall into by want of that so-much-neglected studie of Geographie without which Historie that delectable studie is sicke of a halfe-dead palsie one cause that hath mooued me to ioyne in my studies and in this worke the Historie of Time with her manifold changes and chances and of Place together Besides the Altar of Hercules and wilde Oliues there remayned nothing in Plinies dayes of that Hesperian garden Niger findes there a tree Mallow twentie foote high and aboue a fathom about Of Mount Atlas they tell wonderfull tales of the selfe-fertilitie thereof the Inhabitants neuer seene by day the desart-like silence the fires therein shining by night the musicke and misse-rule of the Aegypanes and Satyres and the labours of Hercules and Perseus there Iohn Leo shall better acquaint vs with the truth then those fables of credulous antiquitie Out of him therefore and other later writers wee will take view of the present face of Africa there being little that can bee said of their ancient Rites more then is alreadie obserued The Romans brought hither their Language and Religion The Vandals vnder Gensericus passing out of Spaine made conquest of all in manner which the Romans had in Africa of whose crueltie Victor Vticensis an eye-witnesse hath written three bookes The manifold battels and alterations of estate betwixt them the Romans Maurusians and others Procopius hath diligently recorded It would bee harsh and tedious here to relate The soyle saith Mela is more noble then the people of the miraculous fertilitie whereof Dionysius Halicarnasseus Munster Boemus and others haue written I know not how truly That their corne yeelds an hundred fold encrease and in some places an hundred and fiftie That there are seene Vines as great as two men can fathom and grape-clusters a cubit long c. It is thought that Christian Religion was here preached in the Apostles time Leauing those things of more age and vncertaintie wee will come now to the kingdomes of Fez and Marocco which haue beene of Saracenicall erection in this Prouince of Tingitana That of Fez stretcheth from Azamor to Tanger and from the Atlantike Ocean to Muluia This Riuer is the Easterne border on the North it is washed with the Sea on the South is the kingdome of Marocco on the West the Riuer Ommirabih The Riuers Subu Luccus and others water it Therein are numbred seuen Prouinces Temesna the Territorie of Fez Azgar Elhabet or Habat Errif Garet and Chaus or Elchauz euery of which saith Leo had in old time a seuerall Gouernour Neither was the Citie of Fez the royall seat but was built by a schismaticall Rebell in whose Familie the gouernment continued 150. yeeres And then the Marin familie preuayling gaue it first the title of a kingdome setling their abode and strength therein Temesna beginneth at Ommirabih thence stretching Eastward to Buragrag betweene Atlas and the Ocean It is a playne Countrey eightie miles in length contayning in it fortie great Townes besides three hundred Castles In the yeere of the Hegira 323. Chemim the sonne of Menol an Heremiticall Preacher perswaded them to pay no tribute nor yeeld subjection to Fez because the Lords thereof were vniust Hee bearing himselfe for a Prophet in small time gate into his hand the Spirituall and Temporall Sword holding the same by force and Armes But after that Ioseph had built Marocco hee sought by Catholike Doctors of the Mahumetane Religion to reduce them from their Heresie but they slew them and with an Armie of fiftie thousand marched towards Marocco to expell thence the House of Luntuna but by this meanes brought destruction to themselues Ioseph getting the better and spoyling their Country tenne moneths together with great crueltie It is thought that a million of people by Famine Sword Rockes aad Riuers were consumed and Temesna was left to bee inhabited of Wolues Lyons and Ciuit-Cats a hundred and fiftie yeeres at which time King Mansor gaue the possession of Temesna to certaine Arabians who fiftie yeeres after were expelled by the Luntune Family recouering the Kingdome from the House of Mansor and after the Marin Family preuayling gaue it to the people of Zenete and Haora in meede of their seruice which they had done to the Marins against the King and Patriarch of Marocco From which time they haue enioyed the same almost two hundred yeeres Anfa was a Towne of great Trade with the English and Portugals and by these vtterly razed and so the Arabians serued the next Citie Mansora Nuchaila sometimes famous for their plentie of Corne of which it is recorded that they would giue a Camels burthen for a paire of Shooes hath now but a few bones left of her carkasse namely a piece of the wall and one high Steeple where the Arabians after they haue ended their Tilth lay vp their instruments of Husbandrie none daring to steale his neighbours tooles in reuerence of a Saint of theirs there buried Rebat is a Towne furnished with Colledges and Temples the modell of Marocco At Sella was King Mansor buried where hee had built a stately Hospitall and Palace a beautifull Temple and a Hall of Marble cut in Mosaike worke with glasse-windowes of diuers colours wherein hee and his Posteritie were buried I saw saith Leo the Sepulchre and copied out the Epitaphs of thirtie of them Madur Auvan by the
of Laza their enemy vnder the conduct of seuen Brethren which built Magadazzo and after that Braua which in manner of a Common-wealth was till the Portugals time gouerned by twelue Aldermen or chiefe Gouernours that descended of the seuen Brethren These Moores and the former differing from each other in their superstitions could not agree and therefore the Emozaidin were forced vp higher into the Countrey and thereby mariages mixed themselues with the Cafers so the Arabians call all Heathen people and became Mungrels in a Galli-maufrey of Deuotions whom therefore the Sea-coast-Moores called by a generall name Baduini which in Arabia and Egypt is the title of the people that liue in the Champaine and In-land Countreys and those that liue neere the Sea-coast are called Arabians They make no difference of meats Don Iohn of Castro writeth that Badoil signifieth a man that liueth onely by cattell and that the Troglodites and Nations from Melinde and Magadoxa to Cape Guardafu and on both sides of the straits and on the Arabike Sea to Ormuz occupying rather then inhabiting the soyle are called Badoies They are saith he sauage without truth or ciuilitie they are Mahumetanes but accounted badde Moores Theeues and Robbers eating raw flesh drinking milke their habite filthy very swift holding warre with all men as was prophecied of Ismael their Progenitor from Zeila to Suachen with the Abexijs from thence to Alcocer with the Nobijs from thence to Soez with the Aegyptians from Soez to Ormus with the Arabians They haue no King nor great Lord but liue in troupes and factions permit no Towne in their fields haue no certaine habitation but wander from place to place with their cattell Their Xeque determineth suits as hee listeth Their lodging is in Caues and holes of the most in Tents their colour very blacke their Language Arabicke The Heathens in those parts are giuen to Auguries and Witcheries and in their highest attempts and greatest resolutions yet will leaue off if any of these phantasies bode vnluckinesse The fruits birds beasts and seeds are in manner like to the people all wilde The ayre is vnholesome But what vnhealthsomenesse can there be found where gold as found which makes men commit themselues no maruell what they commit with others to the most scorching heats to contagious ayres to tempestuous Seas and the darkest prisons of the disembowelled Earth Modesty had almost forbidden me to recite that which may with some easily obtaine a Plaudite in the last Act and finishing of this Chapter concerning the Caffares Linschoten shall recite it for me They liue saith he like beasts he speaketh of those which liue neere Mosambique and those especially more within the Land they are blacke as pitch with flat noses thicke lips some haue holes both aboue and vnder in their lips and as it were other mouthes in their cheekes wherein they thrust small bones to beautifie themselues for which cause they raze and seare their bodies with Irons If they will make a diuellish forme and Picture they represent a white man in his apparell as thinking nothing more vgly Some also file their teeth as sharpe as Needles They haue Villages wherein they dwell together and in euery Village a Lord or King to whom they are subiect Religion and Faith are vnknowne to them They vse mutuall warres and some eate mans flesh When they take Prisoners in warre or kill their Enemies they obserue a more then beastly testimony of their great valour which is after this manner They cut off their priuy members to depriue them of all hope of generation and then dry them well for preseruation after which they come before the King with great reuerence in the presence of the principall men of the Villages and there take these members so dryed one by one in their mouthes and spit them on the ground at the Kings feet which the King with great thankes accepteth and the more to honour them causeth them all to be taken vp and giuen to them againe which is from thenceforth an Ensigne of their Knight-hood For they take all those members and tye them on a string like a bracelet or chaine and at all solemne meetings as when they marry or goe to a wedding or feast the Bride or wiues of these Knights doe weare that chaine about their necks being saith our Author among them as great an honour as the Golden-Fleece or the Renowned GARTER with vs and their wiues as proud thereof as if some Crowne or Scepter had befalne them CHAP. VIII Of Benomotapa and the parts adioyning §. I. Of the Empire of Monomotapa BEnomotapa called also Benomotaxa and Monomotapa is a large Empire so entituled after the name of the Prince thereof for Benomotapa is with them a Title as Caesar or Emperour with vs the Portugals call him Emperour of the Gold extendeth after some mens reckoning almost a thousand Leagues in compasse betweene the great Lake whence Nilus springeth on the North-East Magnice and Toroa on the South and the Sea-coast of Sofala on the East It is betweene the Sea and the fresh waters accounted a huge Island Betweene Cuama and Corrientes it is pleasant and wholesome and fruitfull and from the Cape Corrientes to Magnice it abounds with beasts but it is cold Their principall Cities are Zimbas haply the same which Ptolomey cals Agisymba and Benamataza that one and twenty this fifteene dayes iourney from Sofala Of the abundance of Elephants in Benomotapa is said before whereof Aethiopia is euery where stored with manifold herds although I dare not subscribe to their opinion that esteeme Elephants as common there as heere we haue Oxen. It is a creature nine cubits high in their largest stature and fiue cubits thicke with long and broad eares little eyes short tayles and great bellies Of their disposition is spoken already Some say fiue thousand are yeerely slaine in these parts The Mines neerest to Sofala are those of Manica which are in wide Champaines compassed with mountaines ninety miles in circuit The places where the Gold is appeare and are knowne by the drinesse and barrennesse of the soyle as if Nature it selfe could not hord vp Gold in her spacious chest but she must needs proue bare and barren of her wonted good works and how much lesse vnnaturall and degenerate mankinde The Prouince is called Matuca the people Botonghi which although they are betweene the Line and the Tropike yet in Winter haue such snowes in the mountains that if any abide there they dye frozen in them and in Summer-time the ayre in the tops of those hils is so cleare and pure that some of our men which were then there saw the New-Moone the same day that shee had kissed her bright and bountifull Brother And who can now charge that bright Eye of the World with the obscure darknesse of this Peoples hue which so cold Winters nor pure Summers can lessen or lighten Yea euen in the cold Countries
Riuer ninety and odde miles from the mouth thereof which somewhat differs from the number before mentioned and within fifteene or sixteene miles of the Fals being our furthest habitation within land are eight and thirtie men and boyes of which two and twenty Farmers Captaine Smaley Commander in the absence of Iames Dauies who now is returning Master William Wickham Minister At Bermuda Nether Hundred seated on the South side the Riuer which almost encompasseth it and with a pale on a short necke of land boundeth this peninsula are a hundred and nineteene These are incorporated to Bermuda Towne which is made a Corporation according to certaine Orders and Constitutions Captaine Yeardly Deputy gouernour liues most heere Master Alexander Whitaker is Minister West and Sherley Hundred is three or foure miles lower on the North side the Riuer here are twenty fiue men commanded by Captaine Maddeson employed onely in planting and curing Tobacco to the publike benefit Lower by thirty seuen miles is Iames Towne where are fifty men vnder Captaine Francis West Brother to the L. La Ware and in his absence commanded by Lieutenant Sharp Master Buck Minister At Kequoughton thirty seuen miles lower neere the mouth of the Riuer are twenty Capt. Webbe commander Master Mays Minister Dales-Gift is vpon the Sea neere Cape Charles where are seuenteene vnder Lieutenant Cradock their labour to make salt and catch fish The numbers of Officers and Labourers are two hundred and fiue The Farmers eighty one besides sixty fiue women and children in euery place some in all three hundred fifty one persons These I haue thus particularly related as a witnesse to after-Ages of their little but now hopefull proceedings after ten yeeres habitation which as Iacobs little family in Egypt and Gedeons small Armie lesse then that which the Father of the Faithfull mustered in his owne houshold I hope and pray may grow into Townes Cities and Christian-English Churches in numberlesse numbers to the glory of God and honour of our Nation Euen in all the greatest workes of God and exploits of Men the beginnings are ordinarily slow and small How many of the foure hundred and thirtie yeares were almost if not more then halfe spent when Iacob was but a little Family and those in a strange land there suddenly growing vnder the Crosse into a multitude and great people From her Village-foundation how did Rome peepe and creepe forth by degrees vnto the height of Maiestie So may wee say of the Spanish Plantations in this American continent from contemptible and troublesome beginnings to their present Splendor Nor are our hopes lesse if our hearts bee sincere and minde as wee professe the propagation of Christianitie As for their transported Cattell there were the last of May of Buls Steeres Cowes Heifers Calues a hundred forty and foure Horses three and as many Mares Goates and Kids two hundred and sixteene Hogges wilde and tame not to bee numbred and great plenty of Poultry CHAP. VI. Of the Religion and Rites of the Virginians §. I. Of the Virginian Rites related by Master HARIOT NOw for the manners and Rites of the people thus hath Master Hariot reported They beleeue that there are many gods which they call Mantoac but of different sorts and degrees one onely chiefe and great God which hath bin from all eternity Who as they affirme when he purposed to make the world made first other gods of a principall Order to bee as meanes and instruments to be vsed in the Creation and Gouernment to follow and after the Sunne Moone and Starres as petty gods and the instruments of the other Order more principall First they say were made Waters out of which by the gods was made all diuersitie of Creatures that are visible or inuisible For Mankinde they say a Woman was made first which by the working of one of the gods conceiued and brought forth children And in such sort they say they had their beginning But how many yeeres or ages haue passed since they say they can make no relation hauing no letters nor other meanes to keep records of times past but onely tradition from Father to Sonne They thinke that all the gods are of humane shape and therefore they present them by Images in the formes of men which they call Kewasowock one alone is called Kewas Them they place in Houses or Temples which they call Machicomuck where they worship pray sing and make many times offerings vnto them In some Machicomuck we haue seene but one Kewas in some two in other three They beleeue the immortalitie of the Soule that after this life as soone as the soule is departed from the body according to the workes it hath done it is either carried to heauen the habitacle of Gods there to enioy perpetuall blisse and happinesse or else to a great pit or hole which they think to be in the furthest parts of their part of the World toward the Sun-set there to burne continually This place they call Popogusso For the confirmation of this opinion they tell tales of men dead and reuiued againe much like to the Popish Legends Thus they tell of one whose graue the next day after his buriall was seene to moue and his body was therefore taken vp againe who reported that his soule had beene very neere the entring into Popogusso had not one of the gods saued him and giuen him leaue to returne againe and teach his friends how to auoid that terrible place They tell of another which being taken vp in that manner related that his soule was aliue while his body was in the graue and that it had trauelled farre in a long broad way on both sides whereof grew most delicate pleasant Trees bearing more rare and excellent fruits then euer he had seene before or was able to expresse and at length came to most braue and faire houses neere which he met his father that had been dead before who gaue him great charge to goe back againe and shew his friends what good they were to doe to enioy the pleasures of that place which when he had done he should after come againe What subtiltie so euer be in their Weroances and Priests the vulgar are hereby very respectiue to their Gouernours and carefull of their manners although they haue also in criminall cases punishments inflicted according to the qualitie of the offence This I learned by speciall familiaritie with some of their Priests wherein they were not so sure grounded but that they lent open eare to ours with doubting of their owne The Priests in Secota haue their haire on the crowne like a Combe the rest being cut from it onely a fore-top on the forehead is left and that Combe They haue a garment of skins peculiar to their function They are great Wisards Our artificiall Workes Fire-workes Gunnes Writing and such like they esteemed the workes of Gods rather then of Men or at least taught vs by the Gods They bare
from other fishes being halfe a span straight vp erected from his mouth the greatest foure foot long a scole of these followed them neere one thousand leagues knowne to bee the same by some hurts wherewith they had marked them The Bonitos are like Mackrils but greater some as bigge as a man could lift The Sharkes haue their mouthes vnder their bellies that they cannot bite their prey without a halfe turne and the helpe of his tayle These are the most rauenous and some hold ominous they haue found in their bellies Hats Caps Shooes Ropes ends and whatsoeuer hanged by the Ships sides they haue thirteene rowes of teeth They spawne not but whelpe like the Dogge or Wolfe and at night or towards stormes receiue their young into their mouthes for safetie I haue seene them sayth Sir Richard go in and out being aboue a foot and halfe long Little fishes alway accompany them and feed on the scraps they are lesse then a Pilchard streaked blacke and white as in coloured Liueries keeping on the head fins and backe of the other Another obseruation of this our Author is the Scuruie or Scorbute whereunto they are much subiect in Nauigations neere the Line the cause he ascribeth the weaknesse of the stomacke in immoderate heate salt meates specially fish Calmes and the Sea-water which could not but infect the World if it were not otherwise affected and moued with Windes Tides and Currents an instance whereof he sheweth in the Queenes Nauie in the yeere of our Lord 1590. at the Asores many moneths becalmed the Sea thereby being replenished with seuerall sorts of Gellies and formes of Serpents Adders and Snakes Greene Yellow Blacke White and some partie-coloured whereof many had life being a yard and halfe or two yards long And they could hardly draw a Bucket of water cleere of some corruption withall In twentie yeeres wherein he vsed the Sea hee could giue account of two thousand consumed with this disease In this Voyage they were forced for want of fresh Water to distill Sea-water which they found wholsome and nourishing I might follow our Authour in his Obseruations of these Seas which he sayth vnder the Line is best to crosse in Ianuary February and March and of the Ilands of Cape Verde elsewhere by vs obserued being in the height of these Ilands where now we are discouering which he sayth are the most vnwholsome in the World and had halfe his people on this Coast sicke of shaking burning frenzie-feuers a man can scarcely goe on the Earth though well shod when the Sun shineth and the Breeze which in the afternoone cooles them from the North-east pierceth them also with sudden cold so that the Inhabitants goe thicke clothed with Caps and Kerchers besides their Hats their Suites of thicke cloth and Gownes well lined or furred to preuent danger Sleeping in the open Ayre or in the Moone-shine is there very vnwholsome The Moone shining on his shoulder on the Coast of Guinee left him with such paine that for twentie houres space he was like to run mad But what Moone-shine hath made mee lunatike to run from these American Ilands to those and the Coast of Africa Patience Reader and I will bring thee backe in a fresher pursuit In Dominica where we were last on shore it is related by one which wrote the Earle of Cumberland his Voyage to Port Rico that they haue their seuerall Houses to other vses priuate but haue a common Hall or Dyet for to eate in together as Lycurgus instituted to preuent Riot amongst his Spartans The Maydes in this Iland are said to weare no Garters and the first night of their Marriage they tye them so hard that the flesh hangs ouer In Tortuga they tolled certaine Spaniards ashoare vnder pretence of Traffique and then ate them §. III. Of Boriquen Iamaica Cuba and the Lucayae BOriquen or Saint Iohns is three hundred miles long and seuenty broad trauersed with a rough Mountayne which yeelds many Riuers The Spaniards haue there some Townes The Earle of Cumberland in the yeere 1597. hauing by his Sea forces stayed the going of fiue Carikes to the Indies whereby the King of Spaine lost three Millions and the Merchants foure times as much sayled to Saint Iohn Port Rico in this Iland and tooke it with diuers Forts here was a Bishops See and Cathedrall Church with a Fryery foure hundred Souldiers in pay besides three hundred others It was accounted the Mayden Towne and inuincible and is the Spanish Key and their first Towne in the Indies He brought from thence neere fourescore cast Peeces and much other wealth This Iland was first conquered by Iohn Ponce and by him inhabited the Naturals were altogether like in Religion and manners to the Inhabitants of Hispaniola and so were the Plants and Fruits also Ouiedo hath written hereof largely in his sixteenth Booke There growes the Tree called Legno Santo more excellent then Guaiacan for the Neapolitan and many other diseases there is also white Gumme good for Ships in stead of Pitch and there are Bats which the Inhabitants did eate These Ilands are not so well peopled as in former times and many of them are retyring places of Rebels and Fugitiues which take this shelter against the Spanish cruelties Hispaniola is the next Iland of name but shall haue a place by it selfe as a Map and Summarie of all the other Iamaica is almost as large as Boriquen It is extremely subiect to the Vracani which are such terrible gusts of Winde that nothing can resist them They turne vp Trees ouer-turne Houses transport the Ships from Sea to Land and bring with them a most dreadfull and horrible confusion They raigne or tyrannize rather in August September and October The Inhabitants are of quicker wits then the other Ilands Cuba is more Northerly and extendeth it selfe three hundred leagues in length and twentie in bredth full of Mountaynes Woods Fennes Riuers Lakes both salt and fresh This Iland hath had many names giuen by the Spaniards Fernandina Ioanna Alpha and Omega The Woods are replenished with Swine and Kine the Riuers yeeld Golden Sands It hath sixe Spanish Colonies Saint Iago a Bishops See is the chiefe Towne in the Iland and Hauana is the chiefe Port of the Indies Ouiedo reckons two things most admirable therein one a Valley trending betweene two Hils three leagues which produceth abundance of stones enough to lade many Ships of a perfect round forme like Bullets The other a Fountaine whence Bitumen or a certaine Pitchie substance floweth and floteth euen to the Sea excellent for pitching of Ships In this Iland the common people were prohibited the eating of Serpents as being reserued for Royall Dainties and the Prerogatiues of the Kings Table Columbus sayling by this Iland lighted into a Nauigable Riuer the water whereof was so hot that none might endure his hand long therein He espied also a Canoa of fishermen which after a strange fashion
244 Angola 765. The Portugals war and trade for slaues there ibid. Their Mokissos or Idols Priests trials of Crimes Dogs Vowes Marriages 766. How the women salute the New Moone ibid. Angote Arium Aucaguerle Abagamedri Aualites Aicza in Abassia 749 Anian a fabulous Strait 670 Annedotus vide Oannes Annius his counterfeit Berosus 34 and Metasthnes ibid. Anobreth a Nymph so called 77 Antiquitie of Superstion what 69 Antiochia built by Seleuchus 71. And fifteene others of that Name ibid. Now Theopolis 339 Antiochus Soter 73. Theos Magnus Epiphanes ibid. The acts of this Antioch 74. seq 137. 353 Anticusius a hill 69 Antichrist of the Iewes 209. Of the Turkes 303. 304 Antinous deified 646 Antippi Turkish Priests 319 320 Antipodes denyed by the Fathers and by Pope Zachary accounted Heresie 790 Antipater 80 Antonius the first Heremite 277 Ants vide Pismires Anzichi the cruellest Man-eaters 772 Apameas three built by Seleucus 72 Apelles conceit of the Arke 33 30 Apes how taken 507 Apes accounted holy ibid. The Ape Hanimant ibid. Apes of Perimal 617 Apes the true Pigmees 507. seq Apes twice as bigge as a man 711 Temple dedicated to an Ape 550. Seruiceable Apes 711 Apis the Aegyptian Bull. God 638. 639 Apollo Chomaeus and Palatinus 51. Bearded Apollo 69 His Oracles at Hierapolis ibidem At Delphos and Daphne 71. 72 Apollonius his iourney 51. 482 Arabi what it signifieth 223. Why Arabians so called ibidem Arabia the scite thereof and name 223. 224. seq The parts and people thereof ibid. Their manner of eating 225. 33. Their Phoenix a Fable 225. Barthema his trauell through all Arabia 226. The Merchandize of Arabia 226. 227. Their ancient Religion 227. Circumcision manner of entring league ibid. Their Incest and Adultery 228. Their Policie Diet Diuination Habit 228 229 Their Panchean Temple ibid. Arabians distinguished by many names 229. 230. The Southerly parts of Arabia rich the people ciuill c. 230. 231 Arabian Tribes Food Apparell foolish and blasphemous Traditions 231. 232 Arabian Gulfe 582. 583. 778 Cold in Arabia 583. The Arabian populations and depopulations in Africke 701. 702. seq The Arabians which inhabited Africa duided into three peoples 703 Arad a populous Towne neere Tyrus 79 Ararat the Mountaines vpon which the Arke rested 35. Opinions concerning Ararat ibid. Aram and Aramaei 37. 65. Syria so called 65. 67 Arams Martyrdome 45 Aram Zoba 73 Arambec or Norumbega 801 Arbaces ouercame Sardanapalus 60. Made Captaine of the Armie sent to Niniue 61. Other his Acts 350 Archangels destroy the Giants before the Floud 33. 34 Archisynagogi 104 Ardocke Riuer 392 Arequipa 929. 927 Arethusa a Lake 318 Areiti or Ballads and Dances in Hispaniola 957. 958 Argo the Ship 301 Arimanius 372 Arimphaei people neere the Riphoan Hils 37 Arioch King of Elasser 61 Aristotle skilfull in Chaldaean Phylosophie 54. His opinion of Babylon and of the Dead Sea 48. 79 Aristotles Schoole at Alexandria 649 Arius a great Warriour 61 Armouchiquois deformed Sauages 914 Arphaxad and his Posteritie 37 Arke of Noah 32. Diuers doubts moued concerning it 33. The Mystery thereof ibid. The memory of it in other Nations 34 Where it rested 35. 147. Monkish Fable of the Arke 35 Arke of the Iewes Law 101 Arke of the Mexican God 869 870 Armenia 33. 343. The Armenians their memory of the Arke 34. 344. Their Historie of it 344. Bloudy Rites of the Armenians 345. Their Religion 344 Arts inuented in Cains Family 29. Ascribed to Angels which married wiues 31. To Oannes a Monster 48 Arsaces first and second 353 133 Arracan a Kingdome 512. The Warres betwixt them and the Portugals 513. 514. 1005 Artabanus the Parthian 63 354 Artembares his Story 351 Artaxares King of Persia his Reigne 301 Articles of the Iewish Faith 171 Artillery in Tanguth 428. 429 Asan the Turke 279 Ascalon 81 Ascus a Giant 75 Ashes vsed in Bramene Ceremonies 547. 548 Ashkenaz or Aschenaz 37 Ashur 37. 65. Whither hee built Niniue 65. 66 Asia the name bounds and excellence thereof 43. 44. The diuision thereof 44. Map therof 39. 43. Commodities thereof 44 Asia Minor conquered by the Turkes 325. 326. The Map of Asia Minor 326. The description thereof 326. 327. seq Asia proprie dicta 330. 331. seq Asia befriended of the sea 575. 576 A Relation of some principall Ilands of Asia 586 Asiarcha certaine Priests so called 338 Asimaeus and Anilaeus Babylonian Iewes 63 Asian Gaber a Port 777 Asmeere or Azimere the Citie where the Mogol resides 522 Asserall an hearbe that maketh men merry as if they were drunke 317 Assambaba a Superiour of the Turkes 317 Asmulin a Persian Sectarie 370 Assus a Babylonian Citie 59 Assumption Iland 823 Assyria first inhabited 38. In Assiria was the first both man and Language 40. How bounded 65. How called ibid. 67. Assyrian Kings 60. 61. Their mariages 67 Asse sacred to Priapus 334. Wild Asses 622 Asser a Pharisee of most seuere life 146 Assysines in the Prouince of Tyre 218. 219 Astar and Astarot 136 Astaroth and Astarte 71 Astarte worshipped her Temple 78 79 Astrologers and their Predictions 56. 418. 419. 428. 429 Astrologie iudiciall confuted 55 Astrologie of the Pharisees 128 Astronomie when and by whom first inuented 55. 82 Astrolabe first applyed to Nauigation 42 Astyages destroyed Niniue 66 Atabaliba King of Peru 931. Taken by the Spaniards ibid. His ransome 932. His Warre with Guascar 933. Slaine by Pizarro 929. His Pallace ibid. Atergate 37. 66. 80. Whither Dea Syria 68. Her Story 81 Athens now barbarous 324. The description thereof ibid. Atheists confuted 2 Atlas his Buriall 77. His skill in Astronomie 331. Mount Atlas 611. The Snowes on it and from it ibidem Tales of it ibid. Atlantes their Habitation and Rites 666. 680. They haue no proper names ibid. Attalus 335. Hee furnished the Library of Pergamus with two hundred thousand Volumes 335 Attes Author of the Superstitions of Rhea 68 Attys his Story 340 Atropatia a part of Media the description thereof 352 Aua in Arabia 136 Auims 80 Auarella Falca Hollanders merry madnesse there 481 Augustine Bishop of Hippo or Bona 669 Ausanitis a Region 37 Aurea Regio Aurea Chersonesus 491. 492 Auzachea a Citie in Scythia 37 Axomite Auxume or Chaxumo chiefe Citie in Aethiopia 752 Azanaghi their simplicitie 689. Why they hide their mouthes 690. Their deformity ibid. Azoara 251. seq Azopart who so called 218 B BAalzebub or Beelzebub 57 Baalzebub why called the Lord of Flyes 81 Baal what it signifieth 57. 81 104. Sometime Masculine sometime Feminine 64 Baal-pehor 85 Baau what it signifieth 77 Baba a false Prophet 277 Baba the Sonne of Bota 100 His Sacrifice 125 Babia a Syrian Goddesse 72 Babel built 38. Why so called ibid. How scituate 148. Now wholy ruined ibid. Babylonia how bounded 44. seq Parallels of Easterne and Westerne Babylon 47. The fertilitie thereof 50. 51. Beastly Rites of women there 56 Babylon of Semiramis the huge wals and
Confession at Ocaca ibid. Nicaragua 887. In Peru 942. 943 Congo the Historie thereof 765 Six Prouinces therein 766. their Kings Idols Conuersion 767 768. Their admirable trees 769 Constantina a Citie 643 Constantinople decyphred with due Epithites and titles 322. 323 Constellations of the Chaldaeans 52 Confusius a Philosophicall Saint in China 462. His Temple ibid. Confusian Sect their opinions and Rites 462. 463 Cookery superstitious 200. 201 Copernicus his opinion of the Spheres 8 Cophti Christians in Aegypt 657 658 Coquo-nut and Tree and the commodities thereof 567 Coray how situate 602 Corkan of the Iewes 127. 128 Cordaei or Gordiaei montes 35 Corycean Caue 301 Corterealis Discouery 860 Cortez his Conquest 858. 859. His expedition to Mexico c. 860. 861 Corybantes and bloudy Priests 86 Corvat his trauels and obseruatitions 531 Cosroes the Great his Reigne 362 363. 364 Cosumil or Acusamil 885 Cothone Iland 82 Cotton where and how it groweth 395 Couerts Trauels 531 Couetousnesse punished 331 Courts of the Iewes 98. At Bagdat 146. 147. 148 Country of Couche how situate 511 Coughing at Sermons 704 Coughing Rites in Benomotapa 722 Crabs in India fullest in the wane 566. Exceeding great Crabs ibid. Cranganor a Christian Citie in India 554 Crassus slaine at Carrae 63. His Periury 119. 353 Cray-fish of three Cubits 480. Others exceeding great ibid. Creation what it is and the Histostorie therof 5. Proued 12. Iewish dreames thereof 178. 179. Mahomets dreames 253. 254. Dreames of the Magi concerning it 670. Of the Indians 478 479. Of the Aegyptians 635 636. In Peru 934 Creed of the Moderne Iewes 171 172 Cretans called Chetim Cortim 37 Crim-Tartars 421. Their gouernment and wars 422. Religion and other Customes 423. There inuading Russia and Acts there 975. 976. seq Strange Embassage 975 Crisses a kind of Daggers 460 Crocodiles in Pegu accounted holy 507. In Iaua eaten 610 In Africa 623. In Aegypt 637. In Congo 769. A kind of Crocodile in Poland 990. Crocodiles charmed 1005 Crowes ominous 540. Fed from the King of Calecuts Table 550 Hurtfull 565. Iewish tale of a huge Crow 210 Crosses in Aegyptian Ceremonies what 636. Vsed by some Mahumetans 243. In lucatan 885 Cruelty of Abdalla the 22. Chalifa 1027 Cresias 357 Ctesiphon built by the Parthians 63 Cuba discouered 954. 955. Cubagua 951 Cubit sacred and Geometricall 33 Cucuij a strange Beetle 637 Cufa a Citie 64 Cumania described 896. Rarities and Rites ibid. Their dancing drinking 897. Their Gods Crosses and Priests 898. Their Diuinations and Funerals ibid. Curdi Mungrels in Religion 67 their habitation Rites and manner of liuing 349 Curiana how situate 895 Cusco a Citie in Peru 949. 950 Custome what and how strong 26 27 Cutha part of the Desart of Arabia 136 Cuthaeans 136. The subtilest beggers in the World 136. Cursed by the Leuits 136 Cutlu-Muses his Acts 280. 281 Cublay-can 406. His greatnesse and Conquests 407. 408 Cush his Posteritie 37. 726. Cush how vsed in Scripture ibidem Cushites who called 726 Cyaxares destroyed Niniue 66 Cybele 340 Cynocephalus worshipped Cyprus the description thereof 584 The Map of Cyprus 585 Cyrus 60. 336. Hee tooke Darius at Borsippa 63. 357. Tooke Croesus 356. The Historie of him 356. 357. seq How much he got by his warres in Asia 102 Nourished by a Bitch 350 Cyzicus a Citie of Mysia Minor 334 Czophylar a Turkish Sect 315. 316 D DAbaiba Riuer and Goddesse 893. The Pilgrimes Sacrifices Fasts Bels Priests Funerals bloudy Dances 894. 895. Monster there ibid. Dabuh a Beast 563 Dagon Idoll 77. 80. The word Dagon signifieth a Sea God 80 Dan 92. Apostasie of Dan. 94 The Citie of Dan why so called 92 Daniel expounded by Berosus 49 Set ouer the Chaldee 55. Another Daniel supposed 59. His interpretations interpreted 60. His Sepulchre 148. The place of his imprisonment 64 Daniel Sonne of Hasdai 147. his authority ouer all Congregations of the Israelites 148 Darknesse on the face of the Deepe 6. A priuation 7. Cimmerian darknesse 576 Darknesse internall externall eternall met together 518 Darius Medus 61. 359 Darius spared the Temple of Belus 56. The History of him 359 360 Darius Nothus 102 Damascus in Syria 14. The History thereof 75. 76 Damut in Aethiopia 739 Dancali Dambri Damote Dambea c. In Aethiopia 726 Damiadee Daddor Dille in the Moguls Country 534 Dances of Iewes 211 Daphne neere Antioch 71. The Fable ibid. The vanity of Antiochus there 72 Dariene described 891. Their Rites 892. 893 Date-trees planted by Mahomet 248 Date-Region 654. 706. 707. seq The effect of Dates 655 Dauid Elroi a false Messias 143 144 Dauids Sepulchres 230. His Ecclesiasticall Constitutions ibid. Iewish dreames of him 124 Captaine Dauies slaine 817. His Northwest Discoueries 813. His Discoueries in the South Sea 914 Daulas what it signifies 1036 Day Naturall and Artificiall 105 The day diuersly begun ibid. Diuided into watches 106. What dayes the Iewes fasted 113. Mundayes and Thursdayes ibid. Death spirituall naturall eternall 22. Opinions touching the dead among the Turkes 313. 314 Debts how preuented and punished in China 437. At Calecut 550 Decapolis whence so called 93. Her Townes ibid. Decanius 539 Decan Kingdomes described 539 540. Their combination against the Mogoll 996 Dedication Feast 199. 114 Degrees of the Chinians 448. 449 seq Dens or Caue 64 Decij imitated by the Turkes 401 By the Indians 478. Angolians 766 Dely a Kingdome 543. Their Religion and Rites 543. 544 Derbices their Rites 400 Derceto mother of Semiramis 68 Halfe a woman halfe a fish 69. 80 Dermschler a Turkish Order 315 Also Deruis 316. 317 Demetrius of Russia 991. 992 Desart of Arabia 224. seq Desarts of Indie 477 Desolation Iland 395 Deucalion his floud 34. Founder of the Temple at Hierapolis 68 Deuiclaci worshippers of the Sun 135 Deuils malice and policie 21. 22 Deuils worshipped 53. Mahomets opinion that the Deuils shall once bee saued by the Alcoran 263. An Altar erected to the Deuill by the Pegusians 306. Worshipped by the Cambayans and their Rites in his worship 543. 544 Dewras an impregnable Hill 563 Diamonds poyson 740. Whence taken ibid. Diana her Story 337. Worshipped in Babylon 56. At Castabala 191. In Galatia 260. Ionia and Asia her Temple Priests c. 337 Diargument or Hircania 355 356. Diasares an Arabian Deitie 228. Dido why so called 82 Digs his Iland 817 Dinias his fabulous iourney 15 Dinor a fiery Brooke 325 Dyonysius his monstrous fatnesse 226. Worshipped by the Arabians 227 Diosurias famous for many Languages 97 Diospolis or Thebes 632 Diseases amongst the Iewes and their Superstitions 205. Meanes for cure 205 Diuination 45. 51. 54. 56. 131 408 466. 686. Diuers kinds of Diuination 369. 370. Scythian Diuination 397. 398. Tartarian Diuination 416. 428. Chinian Diuinations 466. 467. 468 Diuinations in Fez 686. 687 Diuorce of Iewes 204 Dodanim Author of the Dorians and Rhodians 37 Dogzijn or Drusians their Sect Irreligion Irregularitie Infamy Incest 220. 221 Dogges
worshipped 136. Almes to them 303. Vsed in Funerals 379. Hated of the Persians 393. Buriall Dogges 398 Dogges as bigge as Asses 408 Dogge supposed Authour of the Peguans and opinion of them 498. Crueltie vsed with them 560. Woolly Dogges in Angola 766 Dolphin which loued a Boy 59 Dominica Iland 871 Dositheans a Sect of the Samaritans 139 Dosthal Dositheus 139. 140. Diuers of that name ibid. Doues sacred 69 Doues Letter-carriers 580 Dragons 624. With wings ibid. Worshipped in Congo 767. 768 Dreames 29. 79 Drugges of India 563 Drumme in Mexico how vsed 883 Drunkennesse of Georgians 347 348 Drusian originall 1039 Drusians 220. 221 Dubh a Beast to whom water is deadly 624 Duccula a Region of Barbary 701 Duckes aboue tenne thousand spent daily in Cantan 439 Dutroa an Indian plant which causeth distraction 568 Dynasties of the Easterne Empire 50. 60. Of the Persian 61. Of Aegypt 633 E EAmai a kind of Iewish Tythe 118 Earth what 5. 41. The forme and diuision thereof 9. 41. Mahometicall dreames thereof worshipped of the Persians The quantity thereof 41. seq Earth spuing out stones 104 Earth quake that ruined sixe hundred Cities and slue innumerable men and beasts 1025 Earthquake at Hamath 147. At Cyzicus 334. In China 458. 459. Iapon 599. 600. At Guitimala 623. In Chili 926. In Cubagua 951. And diuers other places 1031 Easter how kept by the Turkes 310 Easterlings 52 Ebocar and his Sect 275 Ecbatana a Citie of the Medes 66 The situation and description thereof 349. 350 Echad how superstitionsly vsed by the Iewes 187. 188 Echebar the great Mogor his tryall of Religion 49. The disposition course and manner of life of Echebar 515. 516. The conquests and death of Echebar 517. 518 Eclipses how obserued by the Tartars 402. In China 468. Bramenes opinion thereof 560. In Ternate 606 Eden the seuerall opinions thereof 15. 16. 17 Edessa 580 Edom 83 Egge huge Fable of a huge Egge 69. 210 Egge laid on a Feast day the tale thereof 210 Egyptian Chalifa acknowledged at Bagdat 1040 Egypt vide Aegypt Egrigaia how scituate 429. The Inhabitants and their Customes 430 Eheie a name of God 3 Elam Father of the Elamites 37 Elchain a Chalife 237 Elders 97. seq Seuen in each Citie 98. How they gouerned ibid. Their Colledge and conditions 99. Destroyed by Herod 100. How farre their authoritie vnder the Romans 263 Eleazarus his Iewish Constitutions 221 Elersi ruines thereof 579. 580 Elephants how taken 503. 564 Their nature 563. History thereof 563. 564. White ones in Pegu 503. How serued and obserued ibid. Elephants worshipped 565 Elias and Enoch 15. 30. vide Henoch Iewish Fables of Elias 176 Elius and Baruth 77 Elisha Founder of the Aeoles 37 Elissa Dido 82 Q. Elizabeths commendation 320 Q. Elizabeths Fore-land 361 Elmparac Mahomets Beast 248 Elxai and Elixai 133. The Elxai a Sect of the Iewes their Prayer and Rites 134 Elohim what signifying 3 Eme an Indian Fowle 565 Emeralds plenty 896 Emims Giants 85 Emir Mahomets Kindred 242 Emirelmumenim Captaines of Warre 240. Captaines of the Sound Beleeuers ibid. Empalangua an African beast 621 England how happy 948 English Nauigations vid. Virginia Guiana Soldania Redde Sea Magellan Straits Sent English Trade into the East Indies instified 484. 485. seq English fights with the Portugals 757. seq Enzanda Tree 769 Ephesus described 336. Diana of the Ephesians ibid. Temple of Ephesus 337 Epicurisme of Sardanapalus 62 Of the Persian Kings 360. 361 Epicures who so called 129 Epicurean Heremites in Africa 626 Epiphanes or Epimanes 73 Equiuocation the first parent therof 22. Maintayned by Ossens 134. By Papists ibid. In Oracles and Southsayers 643 Eremites 126 Eria a Persian Citie 365 Erthogral Father of Otoman 285 Erythras of whom the Red Sea beares name supposed Esau 777 Erythraea 338. 777 Esarhaddan the Sonne of Senacherib 136. Otherwise called Osnappar ibid. Esdras Head of the Land of Israel his habitation 147. His Synagogue ibid. Essens or Essees their sect 125. 126 History of them 130. 131. seq diuided into Cloysterers and Collegians ibidem Did not communicate in the Temple 131 Estotiland 808 Euilmerodach slaine by Neriglossoorus 62 Eunuches first made by Semiramis 61. How vsed by the Turks 291. 292 Euphrates 63. 65 Europe how bounded 41 Euxine Sea diuided and described 576. 577 Excommunication of the Iewes 100. 101 Executions abbominable 977 980 Execution by Beares 978 Exposition of these words In the beginning God created the Heauen and the Earth 5 Ezechiels Synagogue and Monument 148 Ezra a Scribe 132. 170 F FAith of the Iewes 171 Fall of Man 21. Proued 23 Farfur King of Mangi 411. 460 Farnus King of Media 350 Fart worshipped 641 Fasts of the Iewes 113. 114. seq 127. 197. Of the Mahumetans 256. 257. In Tanguth 428. 429. In Pegu 503. In Cambaya 240. Of the Bramenes 547. 548. Of Iapon 593. In Barbary 704 Fatipore a Citie 731 Fatima Mahomets daughter 242 Faustinus loue to a Fencer 54 Feast in Babylon of Shacha 58 At Hierapolis 69. Of Adonis 78. Of the Samaritans 138. Of Ramadan and Bairam 263 Feasts of the Peguans 506. 507 Of the Great Mogor 524 Feast of the Iewes of diuerse sorts 107. Began at Euen ibid. Sabbaticall New Moone Passeouer 106. 107. 108. 194. sequitur Pentecost Trumpets Reconciliation Tabernacles ibid. 109. 110. 111. 112. 195. 196 Feast of Lott 114. 199. Of wood-carrying Dedication c. 113. 114. 115. 199. 200. seq Of their other Feasts 199. 200. Their Messias his Feast 211. 212 Fertilitie of Babylonia 50. 51. Of Albania 346. 347 Ferdinand Emperour 272 Feriae by whom and whence so called 106 Ferrat Can 388. 389 Fesse or Fez a Kingdome and Citie 679. seq Territory of Fez 681 Fesse built by Idris 688. The Map of Fez 682. The sweet situation of Fez 683. Their stately Houses Temples Magazines c. ibid. Their Colledges Hospitals Bath-stoues 684. Their Iudges Festiuals and other Rites 655. Their Diuiners and Sects 686. The seuerall parts of the Fezan Territorie 687. 688. seq Fetissos or Idols in Guinea 717 seq Fetissero or Priests 719. 720 Fighig a part of Numidia 708 Indian Figtree 17. 567 Fire whither and how an Element 7 The Opinion of Philosophers thereof ibid. Worshipped 53. ouercome by Canopus 55. 56. Kept alway burning of the Chaldees and Persians ibid. Of the Phoenicians 77. A fire issuing out of the Sea 608 Fire naturall vnnaturall supernaturall hellish 79. Land of Fire 887 Fiery God 55. A great Fire at Constantinople 289. A lamentable Fire at Patane and how it happened 496 Fishes sacred at Orpha 64. At Hierapolis 69. In Syria and Phoenicia 79 Fish-woman 81. Flying fishes 438 Fishes with two eye-sights 629 Fish-diuing 380 Fishes in India 565. In Guiana taken with a kind of wood 902 Men liuing only on Fish 580 581 Fishes called Sea-dogges 509. Strange Indian Fishes 566. Mighty shels of Fishes ibid. First fruits 117. 118 First-borne Priests redeemed 121 How
number specially obserued by the Tartars 404. 419 Nisibis peopled by the Iewes 64 Nisroch an Assyrian Idoll 66 Nitocris not inferiour to Semiramis 49 Noah his wife 29. His Sacrifice 33. 35. His Posteritie 36. The names giuen him by Heathens 44. Zabij their conceit of him 49. Worshipped by the Armenians 344 Nomades Vide Tartars Scythians Arabians Turkes Northeast Discouery 792 North and Northwest 801. 828 Noses flat a great beautie with Tartars 420. With Chinois 436. In Brasill 906. People that haue no Noses 149. Short Noses esteemed beauty 518 Noua Albion 853. 854 Noua Zimla 856. Hollanders wintering there and their long night ibid. Noyra an Indian Fowle 564 Nubae and Nubia 723. 1026 Numas Temple of Vesta 9 Fable of Aegeria 27 Numidia described 706. 707. seq Nunnes of Mithra 57. Nunnes in China 465. 466. In Comar 478. Amongst the Indians 479. In Pegu 505. In Iapon 592. In Mexico 896 Nunnes wile to preserue her chastitie 1027 Nutmegs how growing 569 Nymphaeum 68 Nymphes 87 O OAnnes a strange Monster 47. 80 Ob Riuer 432 Obedience of selfe-killing vpon command 1041 Obeliske of Semiramis at Babylon 49 Obeliske in Aegypt 633. In Aethiopia 726 Oblations of the Iewes 115. Gifts or Sacrifices 115. 116 Ocaca Rockes and the Confessing there 596. 597 Occada the Tartarian Emperour his Reigne 405. 406 Ochon his Acts 235 Ochus the Persian 647 Odia a great City 782 Offerings 115. Burnt Offerings 116. Meat Offerings and Peace Offerings ibid. Personall Offerings 119. 120 Ogge the Giant his huge bones 210 Ogiges his Floud 34 Ogoshasama his Acts 591 Oisters wonderfull great 513 Oisters with Pearles 566 Old Man of the Mountaine 218 219 Omar and his Acts 215 Omar sonne of Alchittab succeeded Abubecr in the Califate 1018. He conquered Persia Syria Egypt and Palaestina 1019 His Priuiledges granted to Ierusalem ibid. He is killed ibid. Omar sonne of Abdulacis the fifteenth Chalifa 1025. Hee was Iust Deuout Religious ibid. Omarca or Omorka 47 Onias built a Temple in Aegypt 104. 651. His City Onion ibid. Onions worshipped of the Chaldees 52. Of the Aegyptians 634 How vsed at Fez Ophir the situation and description thereof 756. Supposed Sofala ibid. Ophitae a Sect of Iewes 135 Opium much eaten by Turkes 303. Where it groweth 570 Oracles at Hierapolis at Delphos and Daphne 70. 356. 357. Of the Aegyptians 643. 644. Of Iupiter Ammon 665. 666 Orbs how many supposed 8. But supposed ibid. Oram or Oran 678 Ordnance by whom inuented 527 Called Metal-deuils Fire-breathing Buls c. ibid. Orenoque Riuer 898 Orion or Otus a Giant 32 Orimazes and Arimanius 367 Orissa or Orixa how situate 511 512 Orites certaine people of India 37 Orontes a Riuer 72 Orodes or Herodes 353 Ormisda King of Persia his reigne 363 Ormuz lately taken by the Persians 580 Orpha a Towne in the way from Byr to Babylon 64 Osel or Ossell an Iland in the Balticke Sea 981 Osiris 78. His Legend 635. 636 Feast of seeking Osiris 114 Ossens 133 Ostriges 625 Othes of the Hasidees 125. Of the Pharisees 128. Of the Mahumetans 256 Otoman Family of the Turkes 281. 282 Otoman or Osman his Exploits 282. 283. seq His Murther 294. 295 Otsman the fourth Emperour of the Muslims 1020. Hee is accused and killed ibid. Owle obserued by the Tartars and had in great reuerence 403 Oxe of huge greatnesse 210. 853 vide Behemoth Oxe-fish 913. 914 Oxus a Riuer running vnder ground 402 Oyle-fountaine 395 Ozimen or Odmen 275 P PAchacamac 935 Pacorus his Exploits 354 Pagods and Varelles in Pegu 505. In Bengala 509. In Goa 545 Palace of Benhadad 233. Of Golchonda 995 Palaestina the situation and description thereof 83. 84. 91. The last Inhabitants thereof 213 Palicat a Dutch Fort in East India 964 Palme-wine 564 Palmita 563. Called Taddye ibid. Palladius his Horsemanship 342 Pantogia his Chinian Iourny 414 His Opinions of China ibid. Paphlagonia how situate 330 Whence so called ibid. Paquin chiefe Citie of China whither Cambalu 439. 440. The description thereof 440 Paradise the differing Opinions concerning it 15. seq The Riuers and Fruit thereof 15. 16 17. Mercators Map thereof 16. Two Paradises 161. Golden Tree in Paradise 263 Paradise of Aladeules 64. 380. Of the Iewes 206. Of Mahomet 253. 254. 263. Of Turkes 313 Of the Siamites Parents how to bee esteemed 516 Paria the situation and description thereof 899 Parchment why so called 318 Pariacaca Hils in Peru of strange qualitie 934 Parthians their History 62 Parasceue 110 Parrots and the seuerall kinds 565 Troublesome to some Countries as Crowes here 816 Parthia the situation and description thereof 352. 353 Paschall Feast 110. How obserued ibid. seq Paschall Lambes how many in one Feast and how vsed ibid. How the Moderne Iewes prepare to it and obserue it 194. 195 Passarans a kinde of Indian Essees 610 Paste-god of the Mexicans or Transubstantiation 881 Patricius his Chaine of the World 7. His Opinion of the Moone 16. Of Zoroasters Opinions 142 Patriarches of Constantinople 324. The other Patriarches and Easterne Bishops 325. The Patriarch of Aleandria 659. Patriarches of Aethiopia 752 Patane a Citie and Kingdome 495. 511. The Description thereof and of the Neighbouring petty Kingdomes 495. 496 497 Patenaw a Kingdome 511. 512 Paulina abused by Mundus in Isis Temple 635 Peace-offerings of the Iewes 116 Pearles how fished for 566. Where the best ibid. How ingendred ibid. Peacockes had in high account 412 Pegu the situation thereof 498. The greatnesse of the King of Pegu 498. 499. The commodities of Pegu and the Kingdomes adioyning thereunto ibidem The destruction and desolation of Pegu 500. 501. 502. The Elephants there white ibid. 503. The Peguan Rites Customes 502 503. seq Their dwelling in Boats 504. Temples Images Priests 505. 506. Their opinions of God the World the state after death their originall 507 Deuotions to the Deuill Munday Sabbaths Washings Feasts ibid. Their opinions of Crocodiles and Apes and their Funerals 507. 508. The King of Pegu his entertainment to the English 1006 Pehor and Baal Pehor 85 Peleg why so called 95 Pentecost 195 Penguins a kinde of Fowles where found and the description of them 716 Pepper how it groweth 569 Pella a Citie of refuge 132. 133 Penance vide Punishment Pergamus and Pergamenae 335 Perimal King of Malabar 550 617. The signe of Perimal erected 553. 617. His Generation 560 Permacks their Religion and Rites 432 Permians 431. They are subiect to the Russe their manner of liuing 431. 432 Persis 141. 142 Persecution of Christians 1024 Persia the situation thereof 356 The Persians whence descended ibidem The beginning of the Persian Monarchie by Cyrus 356. 357 The succession of Cyrus and Cambyses 358. The succeeding Persian Monarchs vntill Alexanders Conquest 359. 360. The Persian Chronologie 360. sequitur The Kings of the first and second Dynastie 360. 361 362. sequitur Persian magnificence and other their Antiquities 365. 366. Their Riches Epicurisme Excesse in Apparell Dyet
994. Saint Thomas Iland 781 Thomas-Christians 561 Thophasumin the reasonable cretures so called 77 Thoyth 77 Thresher a Fish 952 953 seq Thuball Father of the Iberians 37 Thunder how produced 77 Tiberias a Citie wholy inhabited by Iewes 136 Tibareni a beastly people 330. their cruell Rites 400 Tigris 17. The ouerflowing thereof 58. Mixed with Euphrates neere Seleucia 61. The townes thereon 50. 64. Desolated Cities by a Deluge 64. The swiftnesse 63. The name 341 Tigres 491. They cause the people to lodge in Trees and to set their houses on posts c 493. 494 Time what it is 5. Time and Motion twinnes 12 13 Computation thereof diuerse Tinge or Tanger 87 Titans and their Inuentions 77 Tithes how farre Leuiticall 116. Some reckon foure sorts 117. Of what how paid where by whom 117. 118. Officers receiued them ibid. seq Paid by Turks 306 At Fez 684. To the Seriffos 695 696. Titus 140 Tombuto 722 Tongues confounded 38 Topheth or Tymbrell 86 Tomimamlazes 910 Torlaquis a Turkish order 317 318. Their wickednesse ibid. Torch-intelligence 996 Torpedo 750 Towre of Babylon 50 Traditionarie Iewes 127 seq Equalled to Scripture 157 Of traditionarie Iewes more at large vid. lib. 2 cap 12. to the end Traditionarie Papists 158. 159. Traditionall Law Tradition preferred before Scripture ibid. Foolish and blasphemous Traditions of the Arabians 231. 232. Lying Traditions of the Mahumetans 273. 274. Translations of Scripture nine 170. Opinions concerning the translation of Scripture 169. the Vulgar translation ibid Transubstantiation 881 Tree forbidden 17. 21. Fabulous speaking Trees of the Zabii 52 Trees vsed in the Feast of Tabernacles 196. Trees worshipped 360. Trees of India 566. Two Trees in the Garden of God son call Sacraments 21. Trees of Sodome 84. Mahomets tree in Paradise 263. Trees in Iapon very strange 520. As strange in Ciumbubon 532. In Congo 769. In the Iland of Saint Thomas 781. In Brasill 912. In Golchonda all Trees continually greene 995 Tremisen Kingdome 675 Trials of doubtfull causes in Guinea 718. In Angola 766. In Loango 770. 771 Tribes 44. in Golchonda described 997 Tribes of Israel their portion 91 97. Their Cities royall 92 Tribunals 98 Trinitie in Vnitie 3 Trinidado 899 Tripiti an Indian Idoll 560 Tripolis in Barbarie 674. Described ibid. Strange People and Sects neere Tripoly 220 Triumuiri at Rome 66 Troglodytae 667. 731. Troy historie thereof and present ruines 332. 333 Feast of Trumpets 111 Tubalcain supposed Vulcan 34 Tuban in Iaua 610 Tubiens a societie of the Iewes 135 Tuesday Sabbath in Guinea 718. 719 Tunia or Tomana 894 Tunis Kingdome the description thereof 669. 670. Wonne by the Turke ibid. Delicacie there vsed 670. 671 Turkes whence their name and originall 278. 279. Their first Religion 278. Language 279. Conquest of Persia ibid. Of Other parts of Asia 280. 281. Ouerthrowne by the Christians of the West ibid. By the Tartars 281. 282. Conquered Asia ibid. A great part of Europe 283. With Constantinople Aegypt 283. 284. seq Ouerthrowne at Sea by Iohn of Austria 286. In Hungarie 288. seq Rebellion and Ciuil warre 289. Emperours Sepulchers ibid. Warres with the Persian and amongst themselues 288. 289. The Map of the Turkish Empire 290. The great Turkes Handi-craft his Falconers Huntsmen Concubines Officers 291. 292. His Ianizaries ibid. The Turke compared with other Princes their Zuna and Curaam 292. 293. Their eight Commandements 297. Prayer Almes Sacrifice 208. Mariage Women Adulterie Murther 299. Opinions and practises in Religion 300 seq their Friday-Sabbath Zeale hatred of Images moderation in building respect to the Sunne and Moone 300. 301. Polygamie Ignorance Reliques Sorceries Patience good workes Oathes Vowes Opinions of Fate and Antichrist 301. 302. Almes to Beasts Conceit of Prophets eating Opium Physicke Opinion of Angels 302. 303. Their manner of apparelling themselues at home and abroad 303. 304. Salutations Recreations houses and furniture food meales feeding Coffa houses c. ibid. Tobacco attire of women slaues Arts 305. Their Temples 305 seq Hospitals and Monasteries 308. The Turkish manner of Praying and Church Rites 309. Of blessing their women Of preaching ibid. Their Sabbath Lent and Easter 310. Their Circumcision 311. Of Renegadoes 312. Visitation of the sicke and Funeralls ibid. Fancies of the end of the World last iudgement Paradise and Hell 313. 314. Their Votaries and Sects 315. 316. Deuoted to death ibid. Their Kalenders and Deruises c. 316. 317 Their Saints Vowes Pilgrimages and other Popish obseruations 317 318. Chederles 318 Their Priests Hierarchy Colledges 319 320. seq A patheticall description of Turkish Tyrannie 322. 323 seq Orders and degrees of their Clergie from the Mufii to the Sophti 319. seq Their Election and Arts 322. Their Emers ibid Cruell taking of Constantinople 323. Their heauie hand ouer the Greekes 324. Their zeale of making Proselites 325. Their buying and selling of Christians 325 326 Turkes greatnesse in Africa 626 Turkes and Persians hot dissentions for Religion 390. 391 Turkish greatnesse the beginning thereof 1040 Turkeman or Turcomania 334. 335. 336 Typhon a Dragon 72. Phaenician God 76. In Aegypt 636. His Legend 636. 637. The mystery thereof 638. 639 Tyrus called Sur 179. taken with a stratagem 82 Tyrannus Priest of Saturne his Knauery 681 Tygranes Kings of Armenia Minor 37 V. VAlerianus his Story 361 Valboas Acts 931 Vanly or Vasiliwich Great Duke of Russia his History 973. sequitur Veadar 106 Venezuela 895 Venus worshipped with filthy Rites in Babylon 56. Called Mylitta and other names ibid. Her Temple 59 Venns Vrania 66. Hatched of an Egge 69. The same with Iuno 78. Filthy Rites 80 Verteas strict Sect 541 Verus a voluptuous Emperour 71 Vestaments holy Vestaments of the Iewes 185 Vineyard eighteens miles square 142 Viper of sixteene Cubits 480 Virginia 828. First Voyages and Plantations ibidem Northerne Plantation there by Westerne men 829. Called New England ibid. Southerne Plantation 831 seq Diuers Voyages and supplyes sent 832. 833. Causes of ill successe in this businesse 833 834. Captaine Smiths description of the Countrey 834. Of the People 835. Commodities ibidem Alteration of the Gouernment and a Peace concluded with presperoùs successe of the English 836. Places inhabited by ours with their seuerall numbers and Functions 837. Their Religion 838. Their Wiroances Priests Warres conceit of our men 838. 839. Their Idols 839. Their Deuil worshippe Temples Sepulchres Songs 840 Their Feasts Dances Heauen Hell and other Rites and Opinions 840. 841. 842. Their Giant-like Sasquesahanockes and their Rites 842. 843. sequitur Conceit of their originall ibid. Tomocomos relations of their Gods Apparition and of their Loue-locke 843. sequitur Their Blacke Boyes 844. Their Physicke Dances naturall conditions ibid. Their Oeconomie and Policy 845 Visions and Apparitions among the Turkes aswell as among the Papists 315 Vncam 735 Vnicornes 564. Scepter of Vnicornes Horne and effect thereof 983 Vilna 990 Vniuersities or Schooles of Learning in Babylon 50. 51. At Bagdet
storie is not yet because I haue done thus in other Nations and haue so worthy a patterne in this as the Worthy of our Age Iosephus Scaliger pardon mee to trouble thee with this Chronicle of their Kings The first was Vitey a Gyant-like man a great Astrologer and Inuenter of Sciences hee reigned an hundred yeeres They name after him an hundred and sixteene Kings whose names our Author omitteth all which reigned two thousand two hundred fiftie and seuen yeeres all these were of his linage and so was Tzintzon the maker of that huge wall of China which killed many of the Chinois of whom hee tooke euery third man to this worke For which cause they slue him when he had reigned fortie yeeres with his sonne Aguizi They ordained King in his stead Auchosau who reigned twelue yeeres his sonne Futey succeeded and reigned seuen yeeres his wife eighteene his sonne three and twentie then followed Guntey foure and fiftie Guntey the second thirteene Ochantey fiue and twentie Coantey thirteene Tzentzey sixe and twentie and foure moneths Anthoy sixe Pintatcy fiue Tzintzumey three and seuen moneths Huy Hannon sixe Cuoum two and thirtie Bemthey eighteene Vnthey thirteene Othey seuenteene Yanthey eight moneths Antey nineteene yeeres Tantey three moneths Chitey one yeere Linthey two and twentie yeeres Yanthey one and thirtie yeeres Laupy one and fortie yeeres Cuythey fiue and twntie yeeres Fontey seuenteene yeeres Fifteene other Kings reigned in all one hundred seuentie and sixe yeeres The last of which was Quioutey whom Tzobu deposed who with seuen of his linage reigned threescore and two yeeres Cotey foure and twentie yeeres Dian sixe and fiftie yeeres Tym one and thirtie yeeres Tzuyn seuen and thirtie yeeres Tauco with his linage which were one and twentie reigned two hundred ninetie and foure yeres Bausa a Nunne wife of the last of them whom she slue one and fortie yeeres Tautzon slue her and reigned with his posteritie which were seuen Kings one hundred and thirtie yeeres Dian eighteene yeeres Outon fifteene yeeres Outzim nine yeeres and three moneths Tozon foure yeeres Auchin ten yeeres Zaytzon and seuenteene of his race three hundred and twentie yeeres Tepyna the last was dispossessed by Vzon the Tartar vnder whom and eight of his Tartarian successours China endured subiection ninetie and three yeeres Gombu or Hum-vu expelled Tzintzoum the last of them He with thirteene successours haue reigned about two hundred and fortie yeeres There computation of times is more prodigious then that of the Chaldaeans after which this present yeere of our Lord 1614. is in their account from the Creation 884793. CHAP. XIX Of the Religion vsed in China §. I. Of their Gods and Idols in former times HOw much the greater things are reported of this so large a Countrey and mightie a Kingdome so much the more compassion may it prouoke in Christian hearts that amongst so many people there is scarce a Christian who amongst so ample reuenues which that King possesseth payeth either heart or name vnto the King of Heauen till that in so huge a Vintage the Iesuites of late haue gleaned a few handfulls to this profession Before wee come to the Narration of their gods I thinke it fit to deliuer what our ancienter Authors haue obserued of their Religion and then to come to the Moderne They were before the Tartarian Conquest giuen to Astrologie and obserued Natiuities and gaue directions in all matters of weight These Astrologers or Magicians told Farfur the King of China or Mangi that his Kingdome should neuer be taken from him but by one which had a hundred eyes And such in name was Chinsanbaian the Tartarian Captaine which dispossessed him of his state and conquered it to the great Can about 1269. This Farfur liued in great delicacie nor did euer feare to meet with such an Argus He brought vp yeerely two hundred thousand Infants which their Parents could not prouide for and euery yeere on certaine of his Idoll-holy-dayes feasted his principall Magistrates and all the wealthiest Citizens of Quinsay ten thousand persons at once ten or twelue dayes together There were then some few Nestorian Christians one Church at Quinsay two at Cinghianfu and a few others They had many Idoll-Monasteries They burned their dead the kinsmen of the dead accompanied the corps clothed in Canuas with Musicke and Hymnes to their Idols and when they came to the fire they cast therein many papers wherein they had painted Slaues Horses Camels c. as of the Cathayans is before reported to serue him in the next world They returne after their Funerall Rites are finished with like harmony of Instruments and Voyces in honor of their Idols which haue receiued the soule of the deceased They had many Hospitals for the poore where idle persons were compelled to worke and poore impotents relieued Odoricus affirmeth that at Kaitan or Zaiton hee found two Couents of Minorite-Fryers and many Monasteries of Idolaters in one whereof hee was in which as it was told him were three thousand Votaries and eleuen thousand Idols One of those Idols lesse then some others was as big as the Popish Christopher These Idols they feed euery day with the smoake of hot meates set before them but the meate they eate themselues At Quinsay a Chinian conuert led him into a certaine Monastery where hee called to a Religious person and said This Raban Francus that is this Religious French-man commeth from the Sunne-setting and is now going to Cambaleth to pray for the life of the great Can and therefore you must shew him some strange sight Then the said Religious person tooke two great baskets full of broken reliques and led mee into a little walled Parke and vnlocked the doore We entred into a faire greene wherein was a Mount in forme of a steeple replenished with Hearbs and Trees Then did hee ring with a Bell at the sound whereof many Creatures like Apes Cats and Monkeyes came downe the Mount and some had faces like men to the number of some thousand and two hundred putting themselues in good order before whom he set a platter and gaue them those fragments Which when they had eaten he rung the second time and they all returned to their former places I wondred at the sight and demanded what creatures they were They are quoth he the soules of Noble-men which we here feed for the loue of GOD who gouerneth the World And as a man was honourable in his life so his soule entereth after death into the body of some excellent beast but the soules of simple and rusticall people possesse the bodies of more vile and brutish creatures Neither could I disswade him from the opinion or perswade him that any soule might remaine without a body Nic. di Conti saith that when they rise in the morning they turne their faces to the East and with their hands ioyned say God in Trinitie keepe vs in his Law §. II. Of their present Gods and Idols THeir Religion
at this time is Idolatrous and Pagan wherin the common people are somewhat superstitious but the King himselfe the Mandarines or Magistrates as seeing the vanitie thereof and not able to see the truth are in manner irreligious and profane the first worship that which is Nothing in the World and these find nothing in the World but the World and these momentany things to worship Ricius reports that the ancient Chinois worshipped one only great GOD which they called the King of Heauen or otherwise Heauen and Earth wherby he gathers that they thought Heauen and Earth to be endued with life and the Soule thereof to be the greatest GOD. Beneath which they worshipped also diuers Spirits Tutelares preseruers of the Mountaines of Riuers and of the foure parts of the World They held that Reason was to be followed in all actions which light they confessed to receiue from Heauen They neuer conceiued yet such monstrous absurdities of this god and these spirits as the Egyptians Grecians and Romanes haue done whence the Iesuite would haue you thinke euen in this Idolatry many of them to be saued by I know not what congruitie which merits not the mention In succeeding ages this Idolatry became more manifold in some whiles other became Atheists of which their King and Magistrates are blamed And yet this King when some few yeeres since his Palace was fired with lightning being guiltie of his owne vnworthinesse he commanded his sonne to pray to Heauen for reconciliation Fryer Gasper de la Crux being in Canton entred a certaine Religious house where he saw a Chappell hauing therein besides many other things of great curiositie the Image of a woman with a child hanging about her necke and a Lampe burning before her The mysterie hereof so like the Popish mysterie of iniquitie none of the Chinois could declare The Sunne the Moone Starres and especially Heauen it selfe are gods of the first forme in their Idol-schoole They acknowledge Laocon Tzantey the Gouernour of the great god so it signifieth to be eternall and a spirit Of like nature they esteeme Causay vnto whom they ascribe the lower Heauen and power of Life and Death They subiect vnto him three other spirits Tauquam Teyquam Tzuiquam The first supposed to bee Author of Raine the second of humane Natiuitie Husbandrie and Warres the third is their Sea Neptune To these they offer Victualls Odors and Alter-clothes presenting them also with Playes and Comoedies They haue Images of the Deuil with Serpentine lockes and as deformed lookes as here he is painted whom they worship not to obtaine any good at his hand but to detaine and hold his hand from doing them euill They haue many Hee and Shee-Saints in great veneration with long Legends of their liues Amongst the chiefe of them are Sichia the first inuenter of their religious Votaries of both Sects Quannia an Anchoresse and Neoma a great Sorceresse Frier Martin in one Temple in Vcheo told a hundred and twelue Idols They tell of one Huiunsin in the Prouince of Cechian which did much good to the people both by Alchimy making true Siluer of Quick-siluer and by freeing the Metropolitan Citie from a huge Dragon which hee fastened to an yron pillar still shewed and then flew into Heauen with all his House Mice and all lye and all and there they haue built him a Temple the ministers whereof are of the Sect Thausu Trigautius writes of certaine Gods called Foe which they say goe a visiting Cities and Prouinces and the Iesuites in one Citie were taken for these Idols Foe At Sciauchin they in time of drought proclaimed a Fast euery Idoll was sollicited with Tapers and Odours for Raine A peculiar Officer with the Elders of the people obserued peculitr Rites to these purpose the Priests went on Procession all in vaine When the Citie-Gods could doe nothing they fetched a Country-Idoll called Locu which they carrie about worship offer to But LOCV is now growne old thus they said of his deafenesse At last they goe to a Witch who told them Quonin a Goddesse was angry that her backe was burned meaning the Conuerts which burnt their Idols which insensed them against the Christians Hoaquam is the name of an Idoll which hath rule ouer the eyes which they carry about in Procession and beg in his name In time of trouble they haue familiaritie with the Deuill Pedro de Alfaro obserued being in a Ship with the Chinois in this sort They cause a man to lye on the ground groueling and then one readeth on a Booke the rest answering and some make a sound with Bells and Tabors The man in short space beginneth to make visages and gestures whereby they know the Deuill is entred and then doe they propound their requests to which he answereth by word or Letters And when they cannot extort an answere by word they spread a red Mantle on the ground equally dispersing all ouer the same a certaine quantitie of Rice Then do they cause a man that cannot write to stand there themselues renuing their former inuocation and the Deuill entring into this man causeth him to write vpon the Rice But his answeres are often full of lyes In the entries of their houses they haue an Idoll-roome where they incense their Deities morning and euening They offer to them the sweetest odours Hennes Geese Duckes Rice Wine a Hogs-head boyled is a chiefe offering But little hereof falleth to Gods share which is set in a dish apart as the tippes of the Hogs-eares the bylls and feet of the Hennes a few cornes of Rice three or foure drops of Wine Their Bookes tell much of Hell their deuotions little Their Temples are homely and filthy no Oracle is in any of them They haue fables of men turned into Dogs or Snakes and againe metamorphosed into men And they which beleeue the paines of Hell yet beleeue after a certaine space that those damned soules shall passe thence into the bodies of some beasts But their Idolatries and religious Rites will better appeare if we take view of their different Religions and Sects §. III. Of their three Sects and first of that of CONFVTIVS THey reckon in the World and obserue amongst themselues three Sects the first of the Learned the second Sciequia the third Laucu One of these three euery Chinois professeth as doe their Neighbours also which vse their Characters the Iapanders Corians Lequians and Cochin-Chinois The Sect of the Learned is peculiar to the Chinois very ancient and famous which they drinke in together with the Studies of Learning all their Students and Magistrates professing the same obseruing Confutius the Author thereof These worship not Idols nor haue any One God they worship as preseruer of all things certaine Spirits also in an inferiour honour The chiefe of them neither acknowledge Author Time or Manner of the worlds creation Somewhat they discourse of Rewards of Good and Euill but such as are bestowed in this life vpon the