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A41559 Geography anatomiz'd, or, The compleat geographical grammar being a short and exact analysis of the whole body of modern geography after a new and curious method / collected from the best authors and illustrated with divers maps by Pat. Gordon ... Gordon, Patrick, fl. 1700. 1699 (1699) Wing G1288; ESTC R15742 267,427 492

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Geography Anatomiz'd Or The Compleat Geographical Grammar Being a Short and Exact ANALYSIS Of the whole Body of Modern Geography after a New and Curious Method COMPREHENDING I. A General View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a Compendious System of the true Fundamentals of Geography Digested into various Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes With a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Earthly Ball as it consists of Land and Water II. A Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a clear and pleasant Prospect of all remarkable Countries upon the Face of the whole Earth Shewing their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Cities Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion Collected from the best Authors and Illustrated with divers Maps The Second Edition much Improv'd and Enlarg'd By PAT GORDON M. A. And Fellow of the Royal Society Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. Hor. LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and in Amen-Corner 1699. THE Geographical Grammar IMPRIMATUR Liber cui Titulus Geography Anatomiz'd c. John Hoskyns V. P. R. S. TO The Right Honourable THOMAS Lord Viscount Deerhurst Eldest Son and Heir Apparent of The Right Honourable THOMAS Earl of COVENTRY THIS New Edition of the following Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY is with the profoundest Respect Dedicated by Your Lordship's Most Humbly Devoted Servant PAT GORDON THE PREFACE MY principal Design in publishing the following Treatise is to present the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry with a Compendious Pleasant and Methodical Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY that most useful Science which highly deserves their Regard in a peculiar manner If it be alledg'd That the World is already overstockt with Composures of this Nature I freely grant the Charge but withal I 'll be bold to say That there 's none as yet publisht which is not palpably faulty in one or more of these three respects Either they are too Voluminous and thereby fright the Young Student from so much as ever attempting that Study Or Secondly too Compendious and thereby give him only a bare Superficial Knowledge of Things Or finally Confus'd being writ without any due Order or Method and so confound him before he is aware But all these are carefully avoided in the following Treatise for in framing of it I 've industriously endeavour'd to make it observe a just Mean between the two Extreams of a large Volume and a narrow Compend And as to the Method in which it now appears the same is I presume so Plain and Natural that I may safely refer the tryal thereof to the Impartial Judgment of the Severest Critick To descend to Particulars The whole consists now of Two Parts whereof the first gives a General and the second a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Part I. In giving a General View of the said Globe I 've perform'd these five Things viz. 1. I 've illustrated by way either of a Definition Description or Derivation all those Terms that are any ways necessary for the right understanding of the aforesaid Globle as also the Analytical Tables of the following Treatise 2. I 've set down all those pleasant Problems performable by the Terrestrial Globe together with the manner of their performance 3. I 've subjoin'd divers plain Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems 4. I 've advanc'd some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly I 've taken a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts This is the Substance of the first Part and before I proceed to the Second I must here desire the Reader may be pleas'd to observe these two Things viz. 1. That in defining the various Geographical Terms mention'd Sect. I. I have not strictly ty'd my self to the Logical Rules of a Definition for if the Term propos'd be only explain'd that is all required here 2. In advancing those Geographical Paradoxes mention'd Sect. iv which will probably so startle the Reader at first being a meer Novelty in Tracts of this kind as that he can't readily comprehend either their Meaning or Design let him therefore be pleas'd to know that the main Drift of such an uncommon Essay is in short To whet the Appetite of our Geographical Student for a compleat Understanding of the Globe upon a thorough Knowledge of which these seeming Mysteries do mainly depend or more briefly 't is to set our young Student a thinking Although the Soul of Man is a cogitating Being and its Thoughts so nimble as to surround the Universe it self in a trice yet so unthoughtful and strangely immur'd in Sense is the generality of Persons that they need some startling Noise like a sudden Clap of Thunder to rouse and awake them Now as a strange and unheard-off Phenomenon suddenly appearing in the Natural World doth attract the Eyes of all Men and raiseth a Curiosity in some to enquire into the Reason of it even so is the Proposal of a Paradoxical Truth to the Intellectual for it immediately summons all the Powers of the Soul together and sets the Understanding a-work to search into and Scan the Matter To awaken the Mind of Man to its Natural Act of Thought and Consideration may be justly reckon'd no trivial Business if we consider that 't is to the want thereof or a stupid Inconsideration that we may chiefly impute all the Enormities of Mankind whether in Judgment or Practice If therefore those Paradoxes above-mention'd shall obtain the End propos'd the rousing of the Mind to think it matters the less if some of them upon strict enquiry should be found to consist of Equivocal Terms or perhaps prove little more than a Quibble at the Bottom Proceed we now to Part II. Giving a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe By such a View I understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries and their Inhabitants on the Face of the whole Earth and that in these following Particulars viz. Their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion What is said upon each of those Heads will best appear by the following Table Concerning Situation are briefly declar'd The Degr. of Long. between which any Country lies Latit Extent Its due Dimentions from E. to W. in English Miles S. to N. Division 2 Things viz. The general Parts or Classes to which any Country is reducible How those Parts or Classes are most readily found Subdivision 2 Things viz. The particular Provinces which any Country contains How those Provinces are most readily found Chief Towns 2 Things viz. The Modern Names
readily found by travelling from the Mouth of the Rivers towards their Heads Therefore Remarkable Branches of the Dwina are Wayma Running S. W. Juga W. Volga are Sosowoia S. Occareca N. E. Seine are L'Oyse S. W. Marn Yonne N. W. Loir are Mayenne S. Le Sarte S. W. Le Loir Vienne N. W. Indre le Chere Allier Rhone are Durance S. W. Isere Saene S. Garrone are Dardonne W. Lot Tarne Danube are Pruth S. Misone S. E. Alouta S. Morawa N. Teyssa S. Drave E. Save Inn N. E. Iser Lech N. Iler Scheld are Ruppel running W. augmented by Senne N. Dyle Demer W. Dender N. Lis N. E. Scarpe Haisne W. Elme are Sost W. Haise Rhine are Lippe W Roer Moselle N. E. Lahn S. W. Maine W Neckar Maese are Dommel N. Niers N. W. Roer Ourt Sambre N. E. Semoy W Chiers Wiser are Aller W. augmented by Leine N. Ocker Fuld Elbe are Ilmenow N. W. Havel Saaldre N. Muldaw Oder are Warta W. Bober N. Westritz N. E. Nieper are Dizna S. W. Przypiecz or Pereptus N. E. Vistul is the Bugg N. turn W Niemen is the Vilna W. Ebro are Segre S. W. Cinca S. E. Gallega S. W. Xalo N. E. Guadalquivir Xenil W. Guardamena S. W. Guadiana are none remarkable Tago are Zatas W. Zezer S. Guadarran Xaruma Douro are Tonroes N. W. Tormes Arlanza S. W. Po are Oglio S E. Adda Tesine Tanero running E. turning N. augmented by Bormida   Stura N E. Sesia S. E. Dora Baltea Adige is Bachiglione S. Arno are Elsa N. W. Sieve E. turning S. Tiber are Quartitio W. Nera S. W. Chiane S. E. Volturno its chief Branch is Sabate W. These are all the Remarkable Branches of the Chief Rivers on the Continent of Europe And thus we are come to a Period not only of this Section but also of the First Part of this Treatise having now perform'd those five Things at first propos'd which was to entertain the Reader with some Geographical Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes as also a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water And so much for a General View thereof Now followeth Modern Geography PART II. Comprehending a PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE Terraqueous GLOBE BY a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe we understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries on the Face of the whole Earth according as they are represented by particular Geographical Maps as also a true and compendious Narrative of the chief Observables relating either to them or their Inhabitants All which may be briefly reduc'd to these following Heads viz. their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion In taking such a Prospect of all remarkable Countries we shall begin with Europe and travel through the various Divisions thereof in the same order as they are set down page 43. Therefore CHAP. I. Of EUROPE The Continent of Europe being divided Pag. 43. into VIII great Parts Viz Scandinavia Swedeland Capital City Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Moscovia or Russia Moscow France Paris Germany Vienna Poland Cracow Spain Madrid Italy Rome Turky in Europe Constantinople To these add the European Islands The Chief of which are Great Britain Cap. C. Those of London Edinburgh Ireland That of Dublin Of all these in their proper Places SWEDEN NORWAY SECT I. Concerning Scandinavia   d. m.   Miles Situated between 26 20 of Long. It s greatest Length is about 1030. 53 10 between 54 10 of Lat. Breadth is about 840. 71 06 Divided into the Kingdoms of Swedeland Ch. T. Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Swedeland comprehends Scania Chief Town Lunden from S. to N. Gothland Calmar Swedeland prop. Stockholm Lapland Tornia Finland Abo from N. to S. Ingria Notteborg or Oresca 〈◊〉 Riga Denmark ●●●tland Sleswick from W. to E. 〈◊〉 Islands Copenhagen Norway comprehends five Governments Of which hereafter More Particularly §. 1. SWEDELAND Scania contains the Provinces of Halland Ch. Town Helmstat W. to E. Bleking Christianstat Schonen Lunden Southward Gothland contains the Provinces of Vermelandia Chief Town Carolstadt N. to S. in the West part Dallia Daleburge Westrogoth Gottenburge Ostrogothia Norkoping N. to S. in th E. part Swedeland Smalandia Calmar Swedeland properly so call'd contains the Provinces of Sudermania Nikoping from S. to N. Nericia Orebro Westmania Arosen Uplandia those of Opsal and Stockolm Gestricia Geval Dalcarlia Hedemore Helsingia Hadswickwalt Medelpandia Selanger Jemptia Ressundt Angermannia Hernosand Lapland contains the Provinces of Uma Lapmark Uma from S. to N. Pitha-Lapmark Pitha Lula-Lapmark Lula Tornia-Lapmark Tornia Kimi-Lapmark Kimi Finland contains the Provinces of Cajania Cajaneburgh upon the Ula N. Finland Biorneberge W. to E. Tavastia Tavastus Savolaxia Nyslot Kexholmia Kexholm Carelia Wiborg E. to W. Nylandia Borgo S. Finland Abo Ingria contains the Provinces of Ingria propria Orcsca or Notteborg N. to S. W. Ingermania Caporio Solouski Juanagorod Livonia contains the Provinces of Lettenland Riga S. to N. Estland Narva §. 2. DENMARK Being divided into The Peninsula of Juitland The Danish Islands The Peninsula of Juitland comprehends North Juitland Ch. Town Wiborg South Juitland Sleswick D. of Holstein of which in Lower Saxony Juitland divided into North comprehends the Diocesses of Aalborg Chief Town Idem from N. to S. Wiborg Idem Arhusen Aarhus Ripen Idem South comprehends the Praefectures of Hedersleve Idem from N. to S. upon the Baltick Sea Appenrade Idem Flemborge Idem Gottorpe Sleswick Tonderen Idem N. to S. upon the Germany Sea Husum Idem Eyderstede Tonningen The chief of the Danish Islands are Zeland Funen c. Of which hereafter when we come to treat of Islands §. 3. NORWAY Divided into the Governments of Bahus Chief Town Idem S. to N. E. Aggerus Agger Bergenus Bergen Dronthemus Dronthem Wardus Idem This vast Continent of Scandinavia comprehending as aforesaid three distinct Kingdoms viz. those of Swedeland Denmark and Norway Of each of these seperately and in their Order Therefore §. I. SWEDELAND THIS Country formerly Succia a Part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Suezia by the Spaniards Suedia by the French Suede by the Germans Schweden and by the English Sueden or Swethland so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Sueones Suevi or Suethidi with the Addition of Land for Termination The Air of this Country is generally very Cold but if not too nigh some Lake or Marish very pure and wholesome yea so healthful to breath in that many of its Inhabitants do frequently live to an hundred years especially they who abstain from excessive drinking a thing too much practis'd by many of them The Antipodes to this People or the opposite Place of the Globe to Swedeland is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean comprehended between the 220th and 230th Degree of Longitude with 50 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this
improve those choice Opportunities now in our hands for the singular Glory of our Great God and of Jesus Christ our Blessed Redeemer And let our Planters duly consider That to extirpate Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a new Colony and that it 's far more honourable to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans Each Convert is a Conquest FINIS CORRIGENDA PAge 50. line 15. for Lancashire read Westmorland p. 70. l. 1. r. Escutcheon p. 74. l. 2. dele § 2. p. 77. l. 7. r. Dominions p. 111. l. 31. r. Religion p. 112. l. 7. r. Buc. p. 116. l. 36. r. Mount p. 120. l. 21. r. Salizburg p. 127. l. 13. r. Cujavia p. 143. l. 16. r. strip him p. 153. l. 37. r. Agrippina p. 176. l. 11. r. He proceedeth p. 192. l. 34. r. Kinross p. 206. l. 15 22. r. Villages p. 235. l. 32. r. very p. 265. l. 40. r. Tapestry p. 292. l. 7. r. Thirteen p. 330. l. 24. r. Archbishoprick Wheresoever the word its importing the Verb Est is found read it either at length it is or contractedly thus it 's or 't is as p. 3. l. 37. f. it s term'd r. it 's or 't is or it is term'd and so in other places To the BOOK-BINDER Place the Maps in Order following The Map of The World Page 1 Europe 59 Scandinavia or Sweden and Norway 61 Moscovia 73 France 79 Germany 95 Poland 125 Spain 133 Italy 145 Turky in Europe 165 Scotland 187 England 197 Ireland 211 Asia 237 Africa 293 America 333 BOOKS Printed for Thomas Cockerill in Amen Corner THE Works of Mr. Charnock In Two Volumes Folio Re-printing Geography Rectified Or a Description of the World in all its Kingdoms Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bays Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs and Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures compared with those of London Illustrated with Seventy eight Maps The whole Work performed to the more accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By Robert Morden Quarto Sermons preached on Several Occasions The Third Volume By John Conant D. D. Published by John Lord Bishop of Chichester A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Lady Lane late Wife of the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Lane Kt. and Alderman of the City of London who died November 29. 1698. And of John Lane late Father of the said Sir Thomas Lane who died the 8th of December following Published at the Request of the Relations By Nathanael Taylor Quarto Familiaria Colloquia Opera Christopheri Helvici D. c. Professoris Giessensis Olim Ex. Erasmo Roterodamo Ludovici Vive c. Scottano Hasso Selecta Editio Decima quarta ad pristiva Exemplaria Denuo Recognita English Exercises for School-Boys to Translate into Latin Comprizing all the Rules of Grammar and other necessary Observations ascending gradually from the meanest to higher Capacities By J. Garretson School-Master The Seventh Edition Twelves The School of Manners or Rules for Childrens Behaviour By the Author of the English Exercises The Second Edition A Practical Grammar or the easiest and shortest way to initiate Young Children in the Latin Tongue By the help whereof a Child of Seven Years old may learn more of the Grounds of that Language in three Months than is ordinarily learnt in a Years space by those of greater Age in common Grammar-Schools Published for the Use of such as love not to be tedious To which is added Tables of Mr. Walker's Particles By the Assistance whereof young Scholars may be the better enabled to peruse that most Excellent and Useful Treatise By J. Philamoth Master of a Free-School The Second Edition Memoirs of the Countess Dunois Author of the Lady's Travels into Spain Written by her self before her Retirement By way of Answer to Monsieur St. Evremont Containing withal a Modest Vindication of the Female Sex more frequently injured by Imprudence and Misconstruction than defect of Virtue Made English from the Original a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 7. a Prob. 23. a Prob. 24. a Prob. 25. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 31. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. c Prob. 29 31. a Prob 6. b Prob. 37. a Prob. 38. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 38. c Prob. 9. Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. 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Goddess Ceres at Eleusis about four Hours from Athens a part of whose Statue is yet to be seen And at Salonichi are several stately Christian Churches particularly those of S. Sophia Gabriel and the Virgin Mary now converted into Mahometan Mosques the last of which is a Noble Structure environ'd on each side with Twelve Pillars of Jasper Stone and as many Crosses upon their Chapiters remaining as yet undefac'd by the Turks But the Chief Rarities of Greece may be reckon'd those various Monuments of Antiquity to be seen at Athens The Chief of which are these following 1. The Acropolis or Citadel the most Ancient and Eminent Part of the City 2. The Foundations of the Walls round the City suppos'd to be those erected by Theseus who enlarg'd the same 3. The Temple of Minerva now a Turkish Mosque as intire as yet as the Rotonda at Rome and is one of the most beautiful Pieces of Antiquity that 's extent this Day in the World 4 The Panagia Spiliotissa or Church of our Lady of the Grotto 5. Some magnificent Pillars particularly those commonly reckon'd the Remains of Adrian's Palace of which there were formerly six Rows and twenty in each Row but now only seventeen stand upright and are fifty two Foot high and seventeen in Circumference at the Base Here likeways is a Gate and an Aqueduct of the said Emperor 6. The Stadium or Place where the Citizens us'd to run Races encounter Wild Beasts and celebrated the famous Games term'd 〈◊〉 7. The Hill Musaeum now call'd To Seggio by the Inhabitants so 〈◊〉 from the Poet Musaevs the Disciple of Orphens who was wont there to recite his Verses 8. Some Remains conjectured to be those of the Ar●opagus and Od●um or Theater of Musick 9 The Ruins of many Temples especially that of Augustus whose Front is still intire consisting of four Dorick Pillars as also those of Theseus Hercules Jupiter Olympius Castor and Pollux c. 10. The Tower of Andronicus Cyrrhastes or Temple of the Eight Winds still intire 11. The Phanari or Lanthorn of Demosthenes being a little Edifice of White Marble in Form of a Lanthorn which is also intire For a particular Description of all these Rarities both at Athens and other Parts of Greece with many remarkable Inscriptions both in Greek and Latin Vid. Wheeler's Travels Archbishopricks in this Country are chiefly those of Amphipoli Malvasia Saloniki Larissa Patras Adrianople Tarsa Napoli di Romania Janna Athens Corinth Bishopricks in this Country are chiefly those of Scotusa Misitra Glykaeon Granitza Modon Argiro Castro Salona Thalanta Caminitza Delvino Livadia Amphissa Arges Butrinto No Universities in this Country though once the Seat of the Muses but in lieu of them are Twenty four Monastries of Caloyers or Greek Monks of the Order of St. Basil who live in a Collegiate manner on the famous M. Athos now term'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Holy Mountain where the younger Sort are instructed in the Holy Scriptures and the various Rites of the Greek Church and out of these Colleges are usually chosen those Bishops who are subject to the Patriarch of Constantinople The Greeks most famous of old both for Arms and Arts and every thing else that 's truly valuable are so wonderfully degenerated from their Forefathers that instead of those excellent Qualities which did shine in them particularly Knowledge Prudence and Valour There 's nothing now to be seen among them but the very Reverse or Contrary of these and that in the highest degree Such is the Pressure of the Ottoman Yoak under which they groan at present that their Spirits are quite sunk within 'em and their very Aspect doth plainly declare a disconsolate and dejected Mind However the unthinking Part of them do so little consider their present Slavish Subjection that there 's no People more Jovial and merrily dispos'd being so much given to Singing and Dancing that 't is now become a Proverbial Saying As merry as a Greek The Trading Part of them are generally very Cunning and so enclin'd to over-reach if they can in their Dealings that Strangers do not only meet with much more Candour among the Turks but if one Turk seem in the least to discredit anothers Word or Promise his Reply is still at hand I hope you don't take me for a Christian Such is that Blot which these Imprudent Professors of Christianity have cast upon our most Holy Religion in the Eyes of its Numerous and Implacable Adversaries The Languages here in use are the Turkish and Vulgar Greek the first being peculiar to the Turks and the other to the Christians a Specimen of the former shall be given in the last Paragraph of this Section As for the other I can't omit to mention the mighty difference there is betwixt it and the Ancient Greek not only in respect of the many Turkish Words now intermixt but also in the very Pronounciation of those which yet remain unalter'd as I particularly observ'd by conversing with several of the Greek Clergy and being present at some of their Publick Prayers Yea the knowledge of the Ancient Greek in its former Purity is not only lost among the Vulgar Sort of People but also almost extinguisht even among those of the highest Rank few or none of their Ecclesiasticks themselves pretending to be Masters of it Pater-Noster in the best Dialect of the modern Greek runs thus Pater hemas opios I se ces tos Ouranous hagiasthito to Onoma sou na erti he basilia sou to thelema sou na ginetez itzon en te Ge os is ton Ouranon To psomi hemas dose hemas simeron Kae-sichorase hemos ta crimata hemon itzon kae hemas sichorasomen ekinous opou mas adikounkae men ternes hemas is to pirasmo alla soson hemas apo to kako Amen So many brave and valiant Generals did Greece formerly breed that Strangers usually resorted thither to learn the Art of War and such were the Military Atchievements of this People both at home and abroad and so far did the force of their Arms extend that under their Great Alexander was erected the third Potent Monarchy of the World But alas such hath been the sad Catastrophe of Affairs in this Country and so low and lamentable is its Condition at present that nothing of its former Glory and Grandeur is now to be seen For its poor and miserable Natives are now strangely cow'd and dispirited its once numerous and flourishing Cities are now depopulated and meer heaps of Ruins its large and fertil Provinces are now laid waste and lie uncultivated And lately the whole and still a great Part of the Country doth now groan under the heavy Burden of the Turkish Yoke and its various Divisions are rul'd by their respective Sangiacs in Subordination to the Grand Signier See the last Paragraph of this Section The establisht Religion in this Country is that of Mahometanism but Christianity for its number of Professors
Armenians The principal Points whereof are these Three 1 They allow the Apostolick and Nicene Creeds but agree with the Greeks in asserting the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father only 2 They believe that Christ at his Descent into Hell freed the Souls of all the Damn'd from thence and repriev'd them till the end of the World when they shall be remanded to Eternal Flames 3 They also believe that the Souls of the Righteous are not admitted to the Beatisical Vision until after the Resurrection and yet they Pray to Saints departed adore their Pictures and burn Lamps before them praying likeways for the Dead in general They use Confession to the Priest and of late have been taught the strange Doctrine of Transubstantiation by Popish Emissaries dispers'd through most Parts of this large Country but they still give the Eucharist in both Species to the Laity and use unleavened Bread soak'd in Wine In administring the Sacrament of Baptism they plunge the Infant thrice in Water and apply the Chrism with consecrated Oyl in Form of a Cross to several Parts of the Body and then touch the Child's Lips with the Eucharist These are the chief Tenets and Practices of the Armenians in Religious Matters But to these we may add that vast multitude of Fasts and Festivals which they punctually observe one fourth part of the Year being such and truly it is in the Observation of 'em that the very Face of the Christian Religion is as yet kept up among this People Christianity was planted in these Parts of the World in the earliest Ages of the Church Bartholomew the Apostle being generally reckon'd the chief if not first Propagator thereof SECT VI. Concerning the Asiatick Islands Reduc'd page 45. to Six Classes viz. The Japan Islands The Philippin Islands The Isles des Larrons The Moluccoes The Islands of the Sund. The Maldives and Ceylon The chief of the Japan are Japan Remarkable Towns are Meaco from N. E. to S. W Tonsa Sanuqui Bongo Idem The chief of the Philippin are Luconia Idem from N. to S. Tandaya Achen Mindana Idem In the Islands des Larrons None The chief of the Moluccoes are Celebes Idem W. to E. Gilolo Idem Ceram Cimbelo The chief of the Isles of the Sund are Borneo Idem Under the Equator Sumatra Achem Java Materan S. of Borneo Sumatra at The chief of the Maldives is Male None In the Island of Ceylon Candea These Islands as aforsaid being reduc'd to Six Classes of each of these Classes seperately and in their Order Therefore §. 1. The Japan Islands THESE Islands thought by some to be the Jabadii of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Giapone by the Spaniards Islas del Japon by the French les Isles du Japon by the Germans die Japanische Insuln and by the English The Japan Islands but why so call'd I find no satisfactory Account among Criticks The Air of these Islands doth much encline to Cold but is generally esteem'd very wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Japan is that part of the Paragueyan Ocean lying between 340 and 350 Degrees of Longitude with 30 and 40 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of these Islands is reckon'd abundantly fertil in Grain Roots and divers sorts of pleasant Fruits as also the Ground though much overspread with Forests and incumbered with vast Mountains is very fit for Pasturage and well stockt with multitudes of Cattle The length of the Days and Nights in these Islands is much the same as in the middle Provinces of China they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Gold Silver Elephants Teeth Rice and most sorts of Minerals There is in Japan according to the Testimony of Varenius a very remarkable Fountain whose Water is almost equally hot with boiling Oyl it breaks forth only twice a Day for the space of one Hour during which time the Eruption is so violent that nothing can withstand the strength of its Current for with such a mighty force doth the Water burst out that 't is said to raise up and throw away the greatest Stone they can lay over the Mouth of the Fountain and that with such a noise that it frequently resembles the Report of a great Gun 2. In the same Island is a prodigious high Mountain generally suppos'd to equal and by some to surpass the famous Pike of Tenerife being visible almost forty Leagues off at Sea though eighteen distant from the Shore 3. In this Cluster of Islands are commonly reckon'd no less than eight different Vulcano's whereof some are very terrible Here also is great variety of Medicinal Waters and many hot Springs besides that most remarkable one abovemention'd 4. In the City of Meaco is a mighty Colossus of gilded Coper to which People pay their Devotions Of such a prodigious bigness is that Pagod that being set in a Chair which is eighty Foot broad and seventy high no less than fifteen Men may conveniently stand on his Head His Thumb is said to be fourteen Inches about and proportionable to it is the rest of his Body In this City are reckon'd about seventy Heathen Temples and one of 'em is said to be furnisht with no fewer than 3333 gilded Idols Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Japanners being People of an Olive-colour'd Complexion are generally of a tall Stature strong Constitution and sit to be Soldiers They 're said to have vast Memories nimble Fancies and solid Judgments They are abundantly Fair and Just in their Dealings but naturally Ambitious Cruel and Disdainful to all Strangers especially those of the Christian Religion admitting none such to Traffick with 'em save only the Dutch who to monopolize an advantagious Trade are so complaisant to those Pagan People as to suspend the very Profession of Christianity during their abode among them The Japonese Tongue is said to be very Polite and Copious abounding with many Synonimous Words which are commonly us'd according to the Nature of the Subject as also the Quality Age and Sex both of the Speaker and the Person to whom the Discourse is directed These Islands are Govern'd by several Petty Kings and Princes or Tanes who are all subject to one Sovereign still'd The Emperor of Japan His Government is altogether Despotical and his Subjects adore him as a God never daring to look him in the Face and when they speak off him they turn their Countenances down to the Earth Peculiar to the Emperors of Japan is the following Custom viz. that they esteem it a kind of Sacriledge to suffer either Hair or Nails to be cut after Coronation The Emperor of Japan according to the Relation of the Ambassadors of the Dutch East-India Company beats Or six Stars Argent in an Oval Shield and hordered with little points of Gold But according to others his Arms are Sables with three Tresoils Argent