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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
religion_n bishop_n church_n time_n 3,265 5 3.4917 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A54403 Matchlesse crueltie declared at large in the ensuing history of the Waldenses apparently manifesting unto the world the horrible persecutions which they have suffered by the papists, for the space of four hundred and fifty years : wherein is related their original and beginning, their piety and purity in religion, both for doctrine and discipline : likewise hereunto is added an exact narrative of the late bloody and barbarous massacres, murders and other unheard of cruelties committed on many thousands of the Protestants dwelling in the valleys of Piedmont, &c. by the Duke of Savoy's forces, joyned with the French army and several bloody Irish regiments / published by command of His Highness the Lord Protector.; Histoire des Vaudois. English. 1655 Perrin, J. P. (Jean Paul); Stoppa, Giovanni Battista. Collection or narative sent to His Highness the Lord Protector ... concerning the bloody and barbarous massacres and other cruelties. 1655 (1655) Wing P1592; ESTC R40064 291,424 521

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way_n depend_v upon_o man_n that_o the_o scripture_n contain_v in_o they_o whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o believe_v any_o thing_n but_o what_o god_n have_v command_v us._n that_o we_o have_v one_o only_a mediator_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o invocate_v saint_n that_o there_o be_v no_o purgatory_n but_o all_o such_o as_o be_v justify_v by_o christ_n go_v to_o eternal_a life_n they_o approve_v of_o two_o sacrament_n baptism_n and_o the_o supper_n of_o the_o lord_n they_o affirm_v that_o all_o mass_n be_v damnable_a especial_o those_o that_o be_v say_v for_o the_o dead_a and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v abolish_v that_o all_o humane_a tradition_n be_v to_o be_v reject_v as_o not_o be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n that_o sing_v and_o often_o rehearsal_n of_o divine_a service_n fast_v tie_v to_o certain_a day_n superfluous_a seast_n difference_n of_o meat_n so_o many_o degree_n and_o order_n of_o friar_n monk_n and_o nun_n so_o many_o benediction_n and_o consecration_n of_o creature_n vow_n pilgrimage_n and_o the_o whole_a confusion_n and_o great_a number_n of_o ceremony_n heretofore_o invent_v be_v to_o be_v abolish_v they_o deny_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o especial_o that_o power_n that_o he_o usurp_v over_o civil_a government_n and_o they_o admit_v of_o no_o other_o degree_n than_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n that_o the_o sea_n of_o rome_n be_v the_o true_a babylon_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o the_o evil_n in_o these_o day_n that_o the_o marriage_n of_o priest_n be_v good_a and_o necessary_a that_o they_o that_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o have_v the_o true_a knowledge_n thereof_o be_v the_o true_a church_n unto_o which_o christ_n jesus_n have_v deliver_v the_o key_n to_o let_v in_o the_o flock_n and_o to_o chase_v away_o the_o wolf_n behold_v here_o say_v vinaux_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o waldenses_n which_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o truth_n have_v impugn_a and_o for_o which_o in_o those_o time_n they_o persecute_v they_o as_o their_o enemy_n themselves_o do_v witness_v viret_n speak_v of_o the_o waldenses_n as_o follow_v 249._o viret_n of_o the_o true_a &_o false_a religion_n lib._n 4._o chap._n 13._o p._n 249._o the_o papist_n say_v he_o have_v impose_v great_a crime_n and_o that_o very_o wrongful_o upon_o those_o ancient_a faithful_a people_n common_o call_v waldenses_n or_o the_o poor_a people_n of_o lion_n from_o waldo_n who_o doctrine_n they_o follow_v by_o which_o they_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o pope_n be_v antichrist_n and_o that_o his_o doctrine_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o humane_a tradition_n contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n jesus_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o have_v deal_v against_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_a painim_n do_v against_o the_o christian_n accuse_v they_o that_o they_o kill_v their_o own_o child_n in_o their_o assembly_n the_o author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o 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to_o the_o accuser_n the_o three_o part_n or_o some_o other_o portion_n of_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v confiscate_v all_o councillor_n and_o favourer_n of_o they_o be_v condemn_v to_o the_o same_o punishment_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o no_o prince_n or_o magistrate_n or_o any_o other_o have_v any_o power_n to_o frame_v a_o process_n against_o any_o in_o the_o fact_n of_o pretend_a heresy_n commandment_n be_v give_v to_o the_o bishop_n every_o one_o in_o his_o jurisdiction_n to_o make_v a_o inquiry_n into_o their_o flock_n and_o take_v notice_n how_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v affect_v to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o when_o waldo_n begin_v to_o complain_v and_o to_o cry_v out_o against_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o say_a church_n of_o rome_n alexander_n the_o three_o than_o pope_n enjoin_v the_o archbishop_n of_o lion_n to_o proceed_v against_o he_o and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o say_a prelate_n do_v not_o banish_v he_o according_a and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o desire_v chap._n this_o couneel_n be_v hold_v at_o latran_n 1180._o see_v the_o 27._o chap._n he_o speedy_o assemble_v a_o council_n where_o he_o excommunicate_v waldo_n and_o all_o those_o that_o follow_v his_o doctrine_n though_o it_o be_v under_o other_o name_n but_o this_o mean_n be_v think_v to_o be_v too_o easic_a for_o so_o press_v a_o action_n as_o this_o of_o the_o waldenses_n be_v who_o cease_v not_o for_o all_o those_o thunderbolt_n to_o preach_v that_o the_o pope_n be_v antichrist_n the_o mass_n a_o abomination_n the_o host_n a_o idol_n and_o purgatory_n a_o fable_n point_n that_o be_v receive_v be_v sufficient_a to_o oucrthrow_v all_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n &_o to_o dry_v up_o all_o the_o river_n of_o gain_n and_o grease_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o therefore_o innocent_a the_o three_o who_o succeed_v pope_n celestine_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n about_o the_o year_n 1198_o take_v another_o course_n than_o that_o of_o the_o ordinary_a bishop_n to_o frame_v the_o process_n against_o the_o waldenses_n and_o other_o who_o he_o call_v heretic_n he_o authorize_v certain_a monk_n who_o have_v the_o full_a power_n of_o the_o inquisition_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o frame_v the_o process_n deliver_v to_o the_o secular_a power_n by_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a authority_n and_o a_o far_o short_a way_n but_o much_o more_o cruel_a deliver_v the_o people_n by_o thousand_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o magistrate_n &_o the_o magistrate_n to_o the_o executioner_n whereby_o in_o a_o few_o year_n all_o christendom_n be_v much_o mon_v by_o those_o pitiful_a &_o lamentable_a spectacle_n to_o see_v all_o those_o burn_v or_o hang_v that_o do_v trust_v only_o in_o one_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n for_o their_o salvation_n and_o renounce_v the_o vain_a hope_n innent_v by_o man_n &_o for_o their_o profit_n which_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o that_o aforesaid_a inquisition_n which_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o inquisition_n by_o who_o it_o be_v first_o put_v in_o practice_n by_o what_o subtlety_n and_o cruelty_n the_o waldenses_n have_v be_v vex_v by_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o pope_n utter_o to_o exterminate_v the_o waldenses_n they_o be_v content_a with_o the_o mean_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n but_o either_o because_o the_o business_n go_v but_o slow_o forward_a or_o because_o notwithstanding_o those_o mean_n the_o number_n increase_v in_o such_o manner_n of_o those_o that_o believe_v that_o these_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o be_v weak_a it_o be_v resolve_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o to_o assay_v whether_o by_o the_o way_n of_o preach_v he_o can_v obtain_v that_o which_o by_o violence_n he_o can_v never_o do_v he_o send_v therefore_o certain_a bishop_n and_o monk_n who_o preach_v in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o waldenses_n that_o be_v suspect_v to_o profess_v their_o religion_n but_o as_o he_o say_v that_o write_v the_o treasure_n of_o history_n 1206._o the_o treas_z of_o hist_o in_o the_o year_n 1206._o the_o say_a preacher_n convert_v not_o any_o but_o a_o few_o poor_a people_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v he_o they_o still_o persist_v in_o the_o profession_n of_o their_o faith_n in_o gallia_n narbonensi_fw-la there_o be_v employ_v two_o monk_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pierre_n de_fw-fr chateauneuf_fw-fr pradicatorum_fw-la lib_fw-la inquisit_a cap._n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr occidendo_fw-la fol._n 100_o sic_fw-la fuit_fw-la occisus_fw-la sanctus_n petrus_n de_fw-fr ordine_fw-la fratrum_fw-la pradicatorum_fw-la and_o dominique_n bear_v at_o calahorre_v in_o spain_n to_o who_o they_o join_v a_o certain_a abbot_n of_o cisteaux_n and_o in_o a_o throng_n as_o it_o be_v together_o there_o come_v many_o other_o priest_n and_o monk_n &_o among_o the_o rest_n a_o certain_a bishop_n of_o cestre_n the_o monk_n pierre_n
authority_n to_o that_o which_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v execute_v the_o say_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o king_n take_v in_o his_o company_n a_o counsellor_n of_o the_o court_n named_z mr._n john_n rabot_n be_v arrive_v at_o the_o say_a valley_n loyse_n they_o find_v none_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o who_o they_o may_v speak_v a_o word_n for_o they_o have_v all_o retire_a themselves_o into_o their_o cavern_n into_o the_o high_a mountain_n have_v carry_v thither_o with_o they_o their_o little_a child_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v most_o precious_a unto_o they_o and_o fit_a for_o nourishment_n this_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o king_n cause_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o wood_n to_o be_v lay_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o their_o cave_n or_o cavern_n and_o fire_n to_o be_v put_v unto_o it_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o either_o the_o smoke_n by_o smother_a they_o or_o the_o fire_n by_o burn_v they_o constrain_v a_o great_a number_n to_o cast_v themselves_o headlong_o from_o their_o cavern_n upon_o the_o rock_n below_o where_o they_o end_v their_o life_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o among_o they_o that_o dare_v to_o stir_v he_o be_v present_o slay_v by_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o say_a county_n of_o varax_n lord_n of_o paln_v this_o persecution_n be_v very_o extreme_a for_o there_o be_v find_v within_o the_o say_a cavern_n four_o hundred_o small_a infant_n stifle_v in_o their_o cradle_n or_o in_o the_o arm_n of_o their_o dead_a mother_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o certain_a truth_n among_o the_o waldenses_n of_o the_o neighbour_a valley_n that_o there_o then_o die_v above_o three_o thousand_o person_n man_n and_o woman_n of_o the_o say_a valley_n and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n they_o be_v whole_o extirpate_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o say_a valley_n be_v people_v with_o new_a inhabitant_n there_o be_v no_o family_n of_o the_o say_v waldenses_n that_o ever_o take_v foot_v there_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a proof_n that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o of_o both_o sex_n die_v at_o that_o time_n this_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o king_n have_v destroy_v the_o say_v inhabitant_n of_o the_o valley_n loyse_n fear_v lest_o the_o waldenses_n shall_v settle_v themselves_o there_o again_o &_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v not_o one_o day_n be_v trouble_v again_o to_o chase_v they_o out_o he_o give_v the_o good_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a valley_n to_o who_o it_o please_v he_o which_o be_v no_o soon_o part_v among_o they_o but_o the_o waldenses_n of_o pragela_n and_o frassinieres_n have_v provide_v for_o their_o safety_n attend_v the_o enemy_n at_o the_o passage_n and_o narrow_a strait_n of_o their_o valley_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o when_o the_o say_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o king_n come_v to_o invade_v they_o he_o be_v constrain_v honest_o to_o retire_v albert_n de_fw-fr capetaneis_n be_v call_v elsewhere_o by_o his_o commission_n surrogated_a a_o certain_a monk_n of_o the_o order_n of_o saint_n francis_n named_z francis_z ploieri_n who_o begin_v to_o inform_v anew_o against_o the_o waldenses_n of_o frassiniere_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o he_o cit_v they_o to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o ambrun_n and_o for_o not_o appear_v he_o excommunicate_v they_o curse_v and_o recurse_v they_o and_o in_o the_o end_n condemn_v they_o for_o heretic_n partinacious_a and_o backslider_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o secular_a power_n and_o their_o good_n confiscate_v to_o this_o judgement_n there_o give_v assistance_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o dauphine_n a_o certain_a counsellor_n thereof_o name_v ponce_n to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o mix_a judgement_n may_v be_v without_o appeal_n the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v in_o the_o great_a church_n at_o ambrun_n afterward_o fasten_v upon_o the_o door_n of_o the_o say_a church_n in_o a_o great_a table_n in_o the_o low_a part_n whereof_o there_o be_v thirty_o two_o article_n of_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o say_v waldenses_n that_o be_v to_o say_v against_o the_o mass_n purgatory_n the_o invocation_n of_o the_o saint_n pilgrimage_n the_o observation_n of_o feast_n distinction_n of_o viand_n upon_o certain_a day_n and_o other_o matter_n that_o be_v affirm_v by_o the_o say_v waldenses_n but_o this_o inquisitor_n add_v to_o the_o article_n of_o their_o belief_n that_o they_o hold_v that_o for_o the_o augmentation_n of_o humane_a kind_n a_o man_n may_v company_n with_o his_o own_o sister_n niece_n or_o other_o in_o any_o degree_n of_o proximity_n whatsoever_o because_o god_n have_v say_v increase_v and_o multiply_v again_o that_o every_o man_n that_o burn_v in_o lust_n may_v carnal_o know_v any_o woman_n whatsoever_o without_o sin_v because_o the_o apostle_n say_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o marry_v then_o to_o burn_v and_o because_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o gospel_n qui_fw-la potest_fw-la capere_fw-la captat_fw-la interpret_n it_o thus_o catch_v he_o that_o catch_n can_v now_o the_o information_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o sentence_n be_v come_v to_o our_o hand_n this_o imposture_n have_v be_v dicover_v to_o their_o own_o condemnation_n for_o there_o be_v not_o any_o witness_n or_o at_o leastwise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o that_o be_v hear_v but_o they_o be_v priest_n or_o monk_n who_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o say_a monk_n whether_o they_o know_v this_o belief_n contain_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a article_n to_o be_v true_a answer_v that_o they_o never_o know_v among_o the_o waldenses_n any_o such_o thing_n either_o teach_v or_o practise_v in_o the_o same_o bundle_n or_o bag_n of_o process_n against_o the_o waldenses_n there_o be_v there_o one_o frame_v against_o two_o pastor_n who_o be_v take_v plane_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr col_fw-fr de_fw-fr cost_n plane_n about_o the_o hill_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o plain_a the_o one_o name_v francis_n gerondin_n the_o other_o peter_n james_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o be_v demand_v why_o the_o sect_n of_o the_o waldenses_n grow_v and_o increase_v so_o fast_o and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o have_v spread_v itself_o into_o so_o many_o place_n this_o monk_n thus_o set_v down_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o pastor_n gerondin_n that_o the_o dissolute_a life_n of_o the_o priest_n be_v the_o cause_n and_o because_o the_o cardinal_n be_v covetous_a proud_a luxurious_a be_v a_o thing_n know_v unto_o all_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o pope_n cardinal_n nor_o bishop_n that_o keep_v not_o their_o whore_n few_o or_o none_o that_o have_v not_o their_o youth_n for_o sodomy_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n for_o the_o waldensian_a pastor_n to_o persuade_v the_o people_n that_o the_o religion_n of_o such_o scandalous_a person_n be_v not_o good_a since_o their_o fruit_n be_v so_o bad_a and_o present_o after_o the_o say_a pastor_n be_v demand_v what_o they_o teach_v touch_v luxury_n they_o make_v he_o to_o answer_v that_o luxury_n be_v no_o sin_n except_o it_o be_v betwixt_o the_o mother_n and_o her_o child_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v possible_a that_o the_o pastor_n can_v have_v draw_v the_o people_n from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n by_o condemn_v the_o luxury_n of_o the_o priest_n if_o they_o themselves_o shall_v teach_v that_o luxury_n be_v no_o sin_n again_o be_v demand_v why_o the_o incest_n of_o the_o child_n with_o the_o mother_n be_v a_o sin_n they_o make_v he_o to_o answer_v because_o god_n have_v forbid_v it_o and_o be_v ask_v where_o he_o have_v forbid_v it_o they_o make_v he_o to_o say_v that_o christ_n jesus_n say_v unto_o john_n before_o he_o ascend_v up_o into_o heaven_n garde_n to_o do_v seray_fw-fr failli_fw-la una_fw-la volta_n non_fw-la tornar_n piu._n that_o be_v to_o say_v take_v heed_n thou_o enter_v not_o into_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o thou_o once_o come_v and_o all_o this_o be_v thus_o set_v down_o and_o subscribe_v not_o only_o by_o the_o dictat_fw-la and_o appointment_n of_o the_o say_a monk_n but_o by_o the_o approbation_n and_o signature_n of_o the_o councillor_n ponce_n and_o one_o oronce_n judge_n of_o briancon_n wherein_o appear_v the_o private_a conspiracy_n and_o unjust_a confederation_n of_o the_o say_a inquisitor_n in_o that_o they_o be_v not_o content_a to_o persecute_v they_o with_o violence_n but_o to_o oppress_v they_o with_o calumny_n make_v the_o say_a pastor_n to_o answer_v so_o unapt_o &_o childish_o touch_v those_o thing_n wherein_o as_o it_o shall_v appear_v in_o it_o due_a place_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o their_o exposition_n upon_o the_o sixth_o commandment_n the_o say_a pastor_n be_v thorough_o exercise_v in_o the_o scripture_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a imposture_n which_o they_o have_v forge_v and_o a_o idle_a tradition_n in_o which_o exposition_n they_o leave_v nothing_o to_o say_v against_o
those_o latin_a verse_n which_o be_v write_v a_o against_o the_o say_a alexander_n the_o six_o vendit_fw-la alexander_n cruces_fw-la altaria_fw-la christum_fw-la emer_n at_o ille_fw-la prius_fw-la vendere_fw-la jure_fw-la potest_fw-la pope_n alexander_n sell_v altar_n christ_n and_o his_o cross_n he_o buy_v they_o have_v he_o not_o sell_v have_v live_v by_o the_o loss_n again_o templa_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la altaria_fw-la sacra_fw-la coronae_fw-la ignis_fw-la thura_fw-la preces_fw-la caelum_fw-la est_fw-la venale_n deúsque_fw-la temple_n &_o priest_n altar_n &_o crown_n they_o sell_v for_o pelf_n fire_n frankincense_n prayer_n heaven_n and_o god_n himself_o which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o their_o breaden_a god_n in_o the_o mass_n the_o archbishop_n therefore_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o other_o keep_v still_o those_o good_n in_o their_o possession_n without_o any_o restitution_n and_o though_o some_o particular_a person_n be_v afterward_o call_v into_o question_n as_o namely_o le_fw-fr sieur_n de_fw-fr montainar_n de_fw-fr rames_n and_o other_o yet_o they_o can_v never_o have_v any_o remedy_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o sixty_o the_o waldenses_n of_o frassiniere_n and_o pragela_n have_v their_o church_n furnish_v with_o pastor_n who_o hold_v they_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n at_o that_o time_n wherein_o they_o persecute_v unto_o death_n all_o those_o that_o make_v profession_n of_o reformation_n the_o precedent_n truchon_n make_v a_o oration_n to_o the_o state_n of_o provence_n assemble_v the_o same_o year_n the_o sixth_o of_o november_n of_o purpose_n to_o exterminate_v the_o say_a waldenses_n of_o frassinieres_n and_o pragela_n say_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o purge_v the_o old_a and_o ancient_a leven_n likely_a to_o make_v sour_a the_o whole_a country_n of_o dauphine_n if_o some_o course_n be_v not_o take_v to_o prevent_v it_o by_o these_o state_n it_o be_v rerefolue_v by_o open_a force_n to_o extirpate_v they_o and_o by_o arm_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n commission_n be_v give_v forth_o to_o levy_v troop_n of_o man_n and_o to_o pass_v into_o the_o say_a valley_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o drum_n be_v strike_v up_o and_o the_o man_n in_o arm_n throughout_o provence_n the_o unexpected_a death_n of_o king_n francis_n the_o second_o of_o that_o name_n alter_v the_o design_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a waldensian_a church_n in_o dauphine_n continue_v as_o still_o they_o do_v by_o the_o singular_a favour_n of_o god_n chap._n four_o of_o the_o waldensian_a church_n in_o piedmont_n and_o those_o persecution_n they_o endure_v that_o be_v come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n the_o waldenses_n have_v have_v famous_a church_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o piedmont_n angrongne_n la_o perouse_a the_o valley_n saint_n martin_n lucerna_fw-la and_o other_o border_a place_n for_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a among_o they_o that_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o waldenses_n of_o dauphine_n pragela_n frassinieres_n and_o other_o place_n their_o near_a neighbour_n and_o that_o in_o time_n be_v multiply_v in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o the_o country_n can_v not_o feed_v they_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o disperse_v themselves_o at_o length_n and_o at_o large_a where_o they_o may_v best_o settle_v themselves_o so_o dear_a like_o brother_n have_v they_o be_v one_o to_o another_o and_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v be_v always_o oppress_v with_o trouble_n yet_o with_o a_o most_o hearty_a love_n and_o charity_n they_o have_v ever_o succour_v one_o another_o not_o spare_v their_o life_n and_o good_n for_o their_o mutual_a conservation_n the_o first_o trouble_n that_o the_o waldenses_n of_o piedmont_n endure_v come_v from_o the_o report_n of_o certain_a priest_n send_v thither_o by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o turin_n who_o inform_v that_o the_o people_n that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o charge_n live_v not_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n and_o be_v lief_a of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n neither_o offer_v for_o the_o dead_a nor_o care_v for_o mass_n or_o absolution_n nor_o to_o get_v any_o of_o they_o out_o of_o the_o pain_n of_o purgatory_n by_o any_o of_o their_o usual_a mean_n the_o archbishop_n of_o turin_n have_v persecute_v they_o as_o much_o as_o lay_v in_o their_o power_n make_v they_o odious_a to_o their_o prince_n who_o understand_v of_o the_o good_a report_n that_o their_o neighbour_n give_v of_o their_o mild_a &_o honest_a conversation_n 7._o vignaux_n in_o his_o memorial_n fol._n 7._o and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o simple_a people_n fear_v god_n of_o a_o good_a carriage_n without_o deceit_n or_o malice_n love_v integrity_n and_o plain_a deal_n always_o ready_a to_o serve_v their_o prince_n and_o that_o very_o willing_o they_o yield_v unto_o they_o all_o dutiful_a obedience_n and_o that_o with_o alacrity_n be_v in_o such_o grace_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o people_n their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v into_o 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as_o from_o his_o friend_n that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v his_o fault_n he_o will_v be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n copin_v answer_v he_o that_o his_o life_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n and_o he_o will_v never_o desire_v to_o preserve_v it_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o glory_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v but_o two_o or_o three_o pace_n to_o walk_v in_o his_o journey_n to_o heaven_n his_o hearty_a prayer_n unto_o god_n be_v that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o give_v he_o the_o grace_n not_o to_o turn_v back_o some_o few_o day_n after_o he_o be_v examine_v by_o a_o monk_n inquisitor_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o torment_v he_o a_o long_a time_n with_o sweet_a and_o gentle_a persuasion_n endeavour_v to_o win_v he_o by_o fair_a word_n to_o the_o abjuration_n of_o his_o belief_n but_o copin_v always_o convince_v he_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n allege_v unto_o he_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v ashamed_a of_o christ_n jesus_n 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to_o say_v james_n ferner_n anthony_n palomb_n peter_n jacio_n and_o john_n morglia_n who_o die_v very_o constant_o a_o certain_a young_a man_n name_v samson_n defend_v himself_o a_o long_a time_n against_o those_o that_o will_v have_v apprehend_v he_o but_o in_o the_o end_n be_v wound_v he_o be_v take_v and_o lead_v to_o a_o high_a tower_n where_o he_o be_v will_v to_o confess_v himself_o to_o a_o priest_n that_o be_v there_o present_a before_o he_o shall_v be_v cast_v from_o the_o tower_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v say_v that_o he_o have_v confess_v himself_o too_o god_n so_o the_o inquisitor_n command_v he_o to_o be_v cast_v over_o the_o next_o day_n the_o viceroy_n pass_v below_o by_o the_o tower_n he_o find_v this_o poor_a man_n languish_v have_v his_o bone_n break_v and_o implore_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o kick_n on_o the_o head_n with_o his_o foot_n say_v be_v this_o dog_n yet_o alive_a cast_v he_o out_o to_o the_o hog_n threescore_o woman_n of_o saint_n xist_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o rack_n and_o use_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o the_o cord_n pierce_v into_o their_o arm_n and_o leg_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o in_o their_o wound_n there_o be_v engender_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o worm_n which_o feed_v upon_o they_o be_v alive_a they_o not_o know_v how_o to_o remedy_v it_o until_o some_o one_o or_o other_o have_v compassion_n on_o they_o give_v they_o secret_o lime_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v from_o they_o they_o die_v almost_o all_o miserable_o in_o prison_n nine_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o handsome_a among_o they_o be_v lose_v and_o it_o be_v never_o know_v what_o become_v of_o they_o after_o they_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o father_n of_o the_o inquisition_n this_o inquisitor_n retire_v himself_o to_o saint_n agathe_v where_o he_o deliver_v a_o great_a number_n to_o the_o secular_a power_n and_o if_o any_o man_n offer_v to_o intercede_v for_o they_o he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n as_o a_o 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of_o calabria_n sojourn_v in_o in_o provence_n that_o be_v to_o disburden_v their_o valley_n of_o the_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n that_o be_v there_o and_o though_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o arrival_n in_o provence_n the_o country_n where_o they_o make_v their_o abode_n be_v a_o desert_n yet_o they_o make_v it_o in_o few_o year_n fertile_a and_o fit_a by_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n to_o yield_v corn_n wine_n oil_n of_o olive_n chestnut_n and_o other_o fruit_n and_o that_o in_o great_a abundance_n the_o first_o persecution_n which_o they_o suffer_v be_v not_o come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n notwithstanding_o we_o find_v oven_n at_o this_o day_n the_o commission_n that_o have_v be_v give_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o anti-popes_n reside_v in_o auignon_fw-fr very_o near_o to_o the_o place_n of_o their_o abide_n against_o the_o waldenses_n inhabit_v in_o provence_n as_o that_o of_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o cremona_n chap._n see_v before_o in_o the_o 3._o chap._n albert_n de_fw-fr 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of_o reformation_n have_v give_v testimony_n of_o their_o piety_n and_o probity_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o insert_v they_o not_o again_o in_o this_o discourse_n only_o we_o will_v produce_v those_o of_o the_o waldenses_n in_o their_o own_o language_n and_o afterward_o in_o english_a salut_v a_o monseignor_n oecolampadio_n car_fw-fr moti_fw-la racontant_n a_o sona_fw-la a_o nostras_fw-la oreillas_fw-la que_fw-fr aquel_fw-fr que_fw-fr po_fw-la totas_fw-la cosas_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o letter_n of_o the_o waldenses_n of_o provence_n to_o mr._n oecolampadius_n health_n to_o master_n oecolampadius_n forasmuch_o as_o diverse_a have_v give_v we_o to_o understand_v and_o the_o report_n be_v come_v unto_o our_o ear_n that_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o do_v all_o thing_n have_v replenish_v you_o with_o the_o blessing_n of_o his_o holy_a spirit_n as_o it_o well_o appear_v by_o the_o fruit_n we_o who_o live_v far_o distant_a from_o you_o have_v think_v good_a to_o have_v 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therefore_o we_o come_v unto_o you_o to_o be_v counsel_v and_o confirm_v in_o our_o weakness_n they_o write_v another_o letter_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n to_o martin_n bucer_n the_o which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n we_o omit_v wherein_o they_o relate_v that_o they_o have_v address_v themselves_o for_o the_o self_n same_o cause_n to_o their_o brethren_n of_o newcastle_n morat_n and_o berne_n which_o show_v how_o careful_a the_o waldenses_n be_v to_o seek_v out_o all_o manner_n of_o mean_n that_o their_o understanding_n may_v be_v enlighten_v in_o the_o mystery_n of_o piety_n for_o the_o salvation_n of_o their_o soul_n especial_o see_v that_o then_o they_o seek_v the_o mean_n to_o advance_v and_o order_v their_o church_n in_o the_o open_a view_n of_o the_o world_n when_o the_o fire_n be_v kindle_v throughout_o all_o france_n against_o those_o of_o the_o same_o religion_n that_o they_o be_v who_o in_o those_o time_n be_v call_v lutheran_n the_o great_a
death_n as_o waldenses_n that_o be_v to_o say_v eleven_o year_n after_o the_o dispersion_n of_o the_o waldenses_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lion_n for_o waldo_n depart_v out_o of_o lion_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o sixty_o three_o year_n math._n paris_n in_o his_o history_n of_o england_n the_o say_a year_n and_o matthew_n paris_n report_v that_o the_o monk_n inquisitor_n cause_v some_o of_o the_o waldenses_n to_o be_v burn_v in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1174._o and_o john_n bale_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o certain_a man_n that_o be_v burn_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1210_o that_o be_v charge_v with_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o that_o he_o profess_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o waldenses_n 10_o john_n basle_n in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o london_n thomas_n walden_n in_o his_o sixth_o volume_n of_o thing_n sacramental_a tit_n 12._o chap._n 10_o thomas_n walden_n a_o english_a man_n have_v write_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o waldenses_n be_v grievous_o persecute_v and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v publican_n and_o as_o for_o those_o in_o who_o they_o find_v not_o cause_n enough_o to_o condemn_v unto_o death_n they_o mark_v they_o in_o forehead_n with_o a_o burn_a key_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v know_v of_o every_o man_n this_o belief_n of_o the_o waldenses_n be_v better_o know_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o albingenses_n insomuch_o that_o as_o le_z sieur_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr popeliniere_n have_v well_o observe_v the_o proximity_n of_o the_o land_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o earl_n remod_a of_o tholouze_n 1._o la_fw-fr popiliniere_n in_o his_o history_n of_o france_n l._n 1._o with_o guienne_n then_o possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o the_o alliance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n brother_n in_o law_n of_o the_o say_v remond_n make_v the_o way_n more_o easy_a to_o the_o english_a not_o only_o to_o succour_v one_o another_o in_o their_o war_n but_o also_o to_o take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o say_v albingenses_n which_o be_v no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o the_o waldenses_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v support_v they_o though_o the_o violence_n be_v unjust_a and_o extreme_a against_o those_o who_o the_o english_a be_v many_o time_n constrain_v to_o defend_v against_o those_o who_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o religion_n invade_v his_o land_n friar_n rainard_n lollard_n be_v then_o the_o most_o powerful_a instrument_n which_o god_n use_v by_o exhortation_n and_o sound_a reason_n to_o give_v knowledge_n to_o the_o english_a of_o the_o doctrine_n for_o which_o the_o waldenses_n be_v deliver_v to_o death_n this_o doctrine_n be_v receive_v by_o wicklif_n as_o it_o be_v note_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o beginning_n and_o confession_n of_o the_o church_n of_o bohemia_n who_o thereby_o obtain_v much_o help_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o his_o knowledge_n in_o the_o truth_n he_o be_v a_o renown_a theologian_n in_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n and_o parson_n of_o the_o parish_n of_o luterworth_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n a_o eloquent_a man_n and_o profound_a scholar_n he_o win_v the_o heart_n of_o many_o english_a even_o of_o most_o honourable_a of_o the_o land_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n uncle_n to_o king_n richard_n henry_n percy_z lewes_n gifford_n and_o the_o chancellor_n the_o earl_n of_o salisbury_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o of_o these_o great_a personage_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o waldenses_n or_o of_o wicklif_n take_v foot_v and_o have_v free_a passage_n in_o england_n until_o gregory_n the_o eleven_o persecute_v those_o that_o receive_v it_o with_o allowance_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o monk_n the_o inquisitor_n the_o fire_n be_v kindle_v in_o england_n for_o many_o year_n to_o stay_v the_o course_n thereof_o but_o it_o be_v all_o in_o vain_a for_o it_o have_v be_v maintain_v there_o maugre_o antichrist_n until_o his_o yoke_n be_v whole_o shake_v off_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bone_n of_o wicklif_n be_v dis-interred_n above_o thirty_o year_n after_o his_o death_n and_o condemn_v to_o be_v burn_v with_o such_o book_n as_o his_o adversary_n can_v recover_v but_o he_o have_v before_o enlighten_v so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o power_n of_o his_o enemy_n altogether_o to_o deprive_v the_o church_n of_o they_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o endeavour_v to_o hinder_v the_o read_n and_o knowledge_n of_o they_o by_o horrible_a threat_n and_o death_n itself_o the_o more_o be_v the_o affection_n of_o many_o sharpen_a to_o read_v they_o with_o great_a ardency_n it_o be_v likewise_o say_v that_o a_o certain_a scholar_n have_v carry_v into_o bohemia_n one_o of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o say_v wicklif_n entitle_v his_o universals_n and_o deliver_v it_o to_o john_n hus_n he_o gather_v that_o knowledge_n from_o it_o that_o make_v he_o admirable_a in_o bohemia_n and_o edify_v all_o those_o who_o together_o with_o he_o do_v very_o willing_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o servile_a yoke_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 264._o lib._n de_fw-fr origine_fw-la &_o confess_v eccl._n bohemiae_n wiclefus_fw-la à_fw-la waldensibus_fw-la adiutus_fw-la hussium_n nostrum_fw-la excitavit_fw-la pa._n 264._o from_o hence_o it_o be_v say_v to_o the_o husite_n that_o wicklif_n have_v awaken_v their_o john_n hus._n this_o wicklif_n write_v above_o a_o hundred_o volume_n against_o antichrist_n or_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o catalogue_n whereof_o be_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o image_n of_o famous_a man_n that_o have_v combat_v with_o antichrist_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o waldenses_n that_o do_v fly_v into_o flanders_n and_o be_v there_o persecute_v after_o the_o great_a persecution_n of_o the_o waldenses_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a 14._o s._n aldeg_n in_o his_o 1._o table_n of_o the_o diff_n fol._n 149._o john_n dubravius_n in_o the_o hstory_n of_o bohemia_n lib._n 14._o historigrapher_n make_v mention_n of_o their_o repair_n into_o flanders_n whether_o he_o pursue_v they_o and_o cause_v a_o great_a number_n to_o be_v burn_v and_o because_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o retire_v themselves_o into_o the_o wood_n to_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o pursue_v they_o they_o be_v call_v turlupin_n that_o be_v 1._o see_v before_o l._n 1._o c._n 1._o dweller_n with_o wolf_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v before_o in_o that_o chapter_n where_o we_o have_v show_v what_o name_n be_v give_v unto_o they_o matthew_n paris_n say_v that_o a_o certain_a jacobin_n monk_n 3_o math._n paris_n in_o the_o life_n of_o henry_n 3_o name_v robert_n bougre_v have_v live_v among_o the_o waldenses_n make_v profession_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o have_v afterward_o forsake_v they_o become_v a_o monk_n and_o a_o very_a violent_a persecuter_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o he_o cause_v many_o to_o be_v burn_v in_o flanders_n now_o his_o own_o friend_n have_v take_v knowledge_n that_o he_o much_o abuse_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o his_o office_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n many_o thing_n whereof_o they_o be_v innocent_a and_o execute_v his_o authority_n against_o many_o that_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o waldenses_n he_o be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o the_o office_n of_o a_o inquisitor_n but_o cast_v into_o prison_n and_o be_v convict_v of_o diverse_a crime_n be_v condemn_v to_o perpetual_a prison_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o waldenses_n that_o be_v persecute_v in_o poland_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1330_o there_o be_v many_o that_o make_v profession_n of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o waldenses_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o bishop_n have_v recourse_n to_o the_o mean_v establish_v by_o the_o pope_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 539._o flac._n illy_z in_o his_o catol_n of_o the_o wit_n pa._n 539._o the_o inquisition_n whereby_o they_o deliver_v many_o of_o they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o executioner_n the_o author_n of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o witness_n of_o the_o truth_n have_v write_v that_o he_o have_v lie_v by_o he_o the_o form_n of_o the_o inquisition_n which_o the_o inquisitor_n make_v use_v off_o in_o this_o persecution_n vignier_n say_v 1._o vignier_n in_o his_o biblio_fw-la pa._n 130._o in_o his_o history_n lib._n 1._o that_o at_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o picardy_n many_o of_o they_o that_o be_v persecute_v there_o retire_v themselves_o into_o poland_n le_fw-fr sieur_n de_fw-fr popeliniere_n have_v set_v down_o in_o his_o history_n that_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o waldenses_n have_v spread_v itself_o almost_o into_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n even_o among_o the_o polonian_n and_o lutheran_n and_o that_o after_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o they_o have_v always_o sow_v their_o doctrine_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o modern_a protestant_n and_o maugre_o all_o the_o power_n and_o potentate_n that_o have_v
be_v no_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n give_v against_o they_o there_o be_v about_o the_o same_o time_n many_o other_o disputation_n as_o at_o serignan_n panny_n but_o this_o be_v only_o to_o delay_v the_o albingenses_n from_o further_a proceed_n for_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n while_o the_o bishop_n of_o toulouze_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o onezimonde_n dispute_v at_o pamy_n and_o the_o pope_n two_o legate_n with_o arnold_n at_o montreal_n b._n of_o villeneufue_n arbitrator_n and_o moderator_n for_o the_o bishop_n signify_v that_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o determine_v or_o agree_v upon_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o come_n of_o those_o army_n that_o be_v to_o fight_v under_o the_o badge_n of_o the_o cross_n this_o be_v the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o pope_n 126._o hilagaray_n in_o his_o hist_n of_o foix_n pa._n 126._o to_o entertain_v they_o in_o conference_n touch_v matter_n of_o religion_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o may_v prepare_v great_a army_n to_o root_v out_o if_o he_o can_v 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and_o study_v to_o abolish_v the_o heretical_a pravitie_n and_o these_o sectary_n and_o that_o more_o severe_o than_o the_o sarasines_n impugn_v they_o with_o a_o strong_a hand_n and_o a_o stretched-out_a arm_n as_o be_v worse_o than_o they_o etc._n etc._n drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o field_n of_o the_o lord_n take_v from_o they_o their_o land_n and_o live_n in_o which_o the_o heretic_n be_v banish_v let_v catholic_a inhabitant_n be_v substitute_v in_o their_o room_n the_o pope_n write_v to_o all_o christian_a prince_n to_o frame_v themselves_o for_o the_o obtain_n of_o that_o pardon_n against_o the_o albingenses_n that_o they_o obtain_v if_o they_o pass_v beyond_o the_o sea_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o particular_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treasure_n of_o history_n say_v that_o the_o pope_n entreat_v king_n philip_n and_o diverse_a baron_n that_o they_o will_v undertake_v with_o he_o that_o enterprise_n against_o the_o heretic_n and_o get_v their_o pardon_n and_o that_o the_o 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their_o pilgrimage_n that_o to_o hurt_v and_o hinder_v he_o there_o can_v be_v no_o better_a course_n take_v than_o to_o keep_v themselves_o lock_v up_o in_o their_o garrison_n at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o pilgrim_n and_o at_o their_o departure_n when_o they_o be_v weak_a to_o set_v upon_o he_o on_o every_o part_n that_o at_o the_o last_o he_o will_v be_v so_o weary_a of_o his_o great_a travel_n that_o he_o will_v think_v he_o have_v buy_v at_o a_o dear_a rate_n the_o good_a which_o he_o believe_v he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o title_n of_o a_o donation_n of_o those_o that_o have_v nothing_o to_o give_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n add_v hereunto_o that_o he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o so_o unjust_a a_o usurpation_n for_o if_o this_o war_n be_v make_v to_o take_v away_o the_o good_n and_o life_n of_o the_o albingensen_n by_o what_o title_n have_v the_o legate_n confiscate_v the_o good_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o bezier_n who_o have_v always_o live_v and_o also_o die_v in_o the_o 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33._o the_o monk_n of_o the_o valley_n sernay_n chap._n 33._o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o say_a earl_n be_v one_o day_n go_v from_o carcassonne_n to_o montpelier_n he_o find_v at_o his_o return_n that_o diverse_a have_v take_v arm_n to_o shake_v off_o their_o yoke_n have_v besiege_v certain_a of_o his_o soldier_n in_o a_o tower_n near_o to_o carcassonne_n he_o speedy_o make_v his_o return_n to_o succour_v they_o but_o too_o late_a for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o pass_v a_o river_n call_v sarasse_n and_o be_v go_v to_o carcassonne_n to_o pass_v by_o the_o bridge_n the_o tower_n be_v take_v before_o he_o come_v this_o small_a affront_n bring_v he_o into_o some_o contempt_n and_o give_v heart_n to_o other_o to_o offer_v the_o like_a about_o this_o time_n captain_n boucard_n for_o the_o say_a earl_n simon_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o seissac_n attempt_v the_o surprise_n of_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o cabaret_fw-la whereof_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v heretofore_o for_o this_o end_n and_o purpose_n he_o make_v his_o approach_n unto_o the_o say_a castle_n as_o close_o as_o he_o can_v captain_n roger_n who_o be_v within_o the_o say_a castle_n for_o the_o earl_n remond_n be_v come_v forth_o with_o fourscore_o horse_n to_o forage_v and_o seek_v for_o booty_n boucard_v upon_o the_o sudden_a and_o unlooked_v for_o charge_v he_o and_o have_v well-near_a discomfit_v he_o but_o roger_n have_v take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o enemy_n double_v the_o charge_n upon_o he_o in_o so_o furious_a a_o manner_n that_o he_o overcome_v the_o troop_n of_o boucard_n and_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n to_o that_o castle_n which_o he_o say_v he_o come_v to_o surprise_v at_o this_o very_a time_n gerard_n of_o pepios_n take_v part_n with_o the_o albingenses_n and_o seize_v upon_o puisorignier_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o menerbe_n now_o the_o war_n begin_v to_o grow_v very_o cruel_a for_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o monk_n of_o the_o valley_n sernay_n have_v write_v gerard_n cause_v the_o eye_n of_o all_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o earl_n simon_n which_o he_o can_v take_v to_o be_v pluck_v out_o and_o cut_v off_o their_o ear_n and_o their_o nose_n with_o their_o upper_a lip_n &_o send_v they_o all_o naked_a to_o the_o earl_n simon_n of_o montfort_n leave_v one_o for_o a_o guide_n unto_o the_o other_o with_o one_o eye_n on_o the_o other_o part_n whensoever_o the_o earl_n simon_n be_v victorer_n in_o any_o place_n he_o cause_v a_o great_a fire_n to_o be_v make_v and_o cast_v into_o it_o as_o many_o of_o the_o albingenses_n as_o he_o can_v take_v all_o they_o of_o the_o romish_a church_n do_v as_o much_o that_o bare_a arm_n for_o the_o albingenses_n for_o william_n of_o rochfort_n bishop_n of_o carcassonne_n cause_v the_o abbot_n of_o cisteaux_n to_o be_v slay_v meet_v he_o near_o unto_o carcassonne_n his_o body_n be_v find_v murder_v with_o six_o and_o thirty_o wound_n and_o the_o monk_n which_o accompany_v he_o with_o four_o and_o twenty_o then_o the_o city_n of_o carcassonne_n say_v the_o monk_n and_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o it_o be_v strike_v with_o such_o fear_n that_o they_o have_v little_a hope_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o by_o flight_n for_o they_o see_v themselves_o say_v he_o environ_v on_o all_o side_n with_o infinite_a enemy_n from_o these_o misery_n which_o do_v much_o move_v the_o patience_n of_o the_o earl_n simon_n he_o take_v occasion_n to_o write_v to_o all_o the_o prelate_n throughout_o europe_n that_o if_o in_o the_o spring_n follow_v he_o be_v not_o assist_v with_o new_a succour_n of_o pilgrim_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o hold_v out_o for_o his_o enemy_n find_v his_o weakness_n take_v the_o advantage_n thereof_o witness_v that_o after_o the_o last_o departure_n of_o the_o pilgrim_n he_o have_v lose_v above_o forty_o town_n &_o castle_n of_o which_o the_o people_n have_v before_o bring_v he_o the_o key_n and_o be_v now_o all_o revolt_v from_o he_o and_o the_o church_n be_v beyond_o his_o power_n to_o remedy_v it_o for_o want_n of_o man_n he_o therefore_o entreat_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n to_o give_v their_o help_a hand_n otherwise_o he_o must_v be_v enforce_v to_o yield_v up_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o country_n altogether_o now_o matter_n thus_o stand_v the_o earl_n simon_n attend_v new_a succour_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o beron_n near_o montreal_n where_o he_o cause_v the_o eye_n of_o above_o a_o hundred_o albingenses_n to_o be_v pull_v out_o and_o cut_v off_o their_o nose_n leave_v only_o one_o with_o one_o eye_n to_o be_v a_o guide_n to_o the_o rest_n and_o to_o conduct_v they_o to_o cabaret_fw-la this_o stir_v up_o the_o albingenses_n in_o such_o sort_n 136._o chass_n pag._n 136._o that_o have_v not_o succour_n instant_o come_v they_o have_v shut_v he_o up_o on_o every_o side_n chap._n vii_o new_a succour_n of_o pilgrim_n come_v to_o the_o earl_n simon_n conduct_v from_o france_n by_o his_o wife_n the_o earl_n simon_n by_o they_o recover_v the_o castle_n of_o menerbe_n and_o termes_n and_o the_o town_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vaur_n the_o earl_n remond_n be_v cite_v before_o the_o legate_n he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v folquet_v the_o bishop_n of_o toulouze_n over-reacheth_a he_o cause_v he_o to_o lose_v the_o castle_n narbonne_n the_o legate_n milon_n die_v in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o ten_o the_o earl_n simon_n be_v shut_v up_o say_v the_o treasure_n of_o history_n within_o carcassonne_n for_o want_v of_o pilgrim_n he_o understand_v that_o the_o countess_n his_o wife_n come_v from_o france_n and_o bring_v with_o she_o a_o great_a number_n of_o pelerin_n which_o give_v he_o great_a comfort_n and_o he_o go_v out_o to_o meet_v she_o a_o pleasant_a war_n it_o be_v wherein_o priest_n levy_v the_o soldier_n and_o a_o woman_n conduct_v they_o to_o the_o war_n the_o pelerin_n be_v employ_v in_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o menerbe_n a_o place_n very_o strong_a by_o nature_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o spain_n this_o siege_n be_v procure_v by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o ameri_fw-la lord_n of_o narbonne_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o who_o complain_v that_o always_o in_o former_a time_n this_o place_n have_v be_v as_o a_o thorn_n in_o their_o foot_n they_o yield_v themselves_o for_o want_n of_o water_n to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o legate_n who_o cause_v the_o pilgrim_n to_o enter_v the_o place_n with_o the_o cross_n and_o the_o banner_n and_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la laudamus_fw-la the_o abbot_n of_o vaux_n will_v needs_o preach_v to_o those_o that_o be_v within_o the_o castle_n and_o to_o exhort_v they_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n and_o to_o stick_v to_o the_o romish_a church_n but_o they_o not_o stay_v till_o he_o have_v end_v his_o discourse_n they_o all_o of_o they_o cry_v out_o 7._o the_o monk_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o sernay_n chap._n 47._o chass_n lib._n 3._o chap._n 7._o say_v we_o will_v not_o forsake_v our_o faith_n we_o reject_v the_o romish_a you_o labour_v but_o in_o vain_a for_o neither_o life_n nor_o death_n shall_v make_v we_o to_o abandon_v our_o belief_n upon_o this_o answer_n the_o earl_n simon_n and_o the_o legate_n command_v a_o great_a fire_n to_o be_v make_v and_o cast_v into_o it_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o person_n as_o well_o woman_n as_o man_n who_o go_v into_o it_o with_o joy_n give_v thanks_n unto_o god_n for_o that_o it_o please_v he_o to_o do_v they_o the_o honour_n to_o suffer_v and_o to_o die_v for_o his_o name_n sake_n thus_o do_v these_o true_a martyr_n of_o christ_n jesus_n finish_v their_o frail_a life_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o flame_n to_o live_v eternal_o in_o heaven_n and_o thus_o do_v they_o triumph_v over_o the_o legate_n of_o the_o pope_n resist_v he_o to_o his_o face_n and_o threaten_v the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o the_o earl_n simon_n and_o that_o one_o day_n he_o will_v pay_v dear_o for_o his_o cruelty_n howsoever_o he_o seem_v now_o to_o commit_v they_o scotfree_a yet_o he_o will_v pay_v for_o all_o when_o the_o book_n shall_v be_v open_v there_o be_v a_o number_n of_o priest_n and_o monk_n that_o do_v exhort_v they_o to_o take_v pity_n on_o themselves_o promise_v they_o their_o life_n if_o they_o will_v live_v according_a to_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n there_o be_v only_o three_o woman_n that_o accept_v of_o the_o condition_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o live_v by_o abiur_v their_o religion_n all_o the_o rest_n die_v constant_o but_o they_o be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o allurement_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr marsiac_n after_o this_o expedition_n 459._o term_n the_o lord_n of_o tholo_fw-la in_o the_o hist_o of_o his_o time_n pa._n 459._o the_o earl_n simon_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o
and_o which_o be_v more_o see_v that_o the_o king_n persist_v in_o this_o opinion_n that_o such_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o reobtain_v their_o good_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v never_o engage_v themselves_o for_o that_o they_o can_v not_o perform_v know_v that_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n the_o earl_n of_o toulouze_n and_o come_v be_v assemble_v at_o toulouze_n to_o provide_v for_o their_o affair_n he_o come_v thither_o and_o thus_o he_o speak_v unto_o they_o sir_n foix_n holagaray_n in_o his_o hist_o of_o foix_n and_o you_o my_o master_n &_o friend_n forasmuch_o as_o ambition_n can_v teach_v man_n both_o valour_n and_o temperancy_n and_o avarice_n can_v plant_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o shop-boy_n bring_v up_o in_o the_o shade_n and_o in_o idleness_n a_o assurance_n to_o depart_v from_o his_o household_n hearth_n and_o to_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o billow_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o mercy_n of_o angry_a neptune_n in_o a_o small_a and_o frail_a vessel_n it_o shall_v be_v great_a weakness_n and_o litherly_a negligence_n in_o we_o who_o by_o the_o renown_a act_n of_o our_o trophy_n be_v know_v even_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o arabia_n if_o we_o shall_v now_o come_v by_o a_o servile_a and_o treacherous_a acknowledgement_n to_o overthrow_v the_o table_n and_o register_n of_o our_o valour_n so_o high_o elevate_v no_o no_o my_o arm_n shall_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o we_o be_v not_o now_o in_o bondage_n i_o and_o my_o son_n choose_v rather_o to_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o inconstant_a hazard_n of_o war_n than_o to_o bring_v upon_o we_o and_o we_o so_o great_a and_o so_o notable_a a_o infamy_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n quit_v we_o of_o that_o shame_n that_o man_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o our_o lamentable_a estate_n mourning_n &_o sigh_v after_o our_o loss_n like_o distaffe-bearer_n if_o we_o must_v needs_o bow_v let_v it_o be_v when_o we_o have_v first_o do_v the_o part_n of_o good_a and_o brave_a captain_n it_o be_v a_o adventurous_a and_o high_a enterprise_n you_o will_v say_v but_o it_o be_v resolve_v upon_o by_o yourselves_o que_fw-fr ie_fw-fr voy_fw-fr maintenant_fw-fr les_fw-fr ressor_n qui_fw-fr lui_fw-fr donnent_fw-fr le_fw-fr branle_fw-mi de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr cheute_n fare_v you_o well_o sir_n we_o yield_v not_o our_o consent_n in_o any_o thing_n come_v what_o come_v may_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v much_o move_v with_o this_o discourse_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o foix_n wherein_o he_o lay_v a_o imputation_n upon_o he_o that_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o ruin_n because_o he_o have_v animate_v they_o against_o the_o legate_n and_o the_o earl_n simon_n and_o that_o now_o he_o leave_v they_o as_o a_o prey_n by_o procure_v a_o peace_n worse_o than_o a_o bloody_a war_n you_o have_v sir_n say_v he_o open_v a_o door_n to_o our_o enemy_n to_o tyrannize_v over_o we_o if_o they_o have_v accept_v of_o it_o and_o to_o a_o glory_n more_o great_a than_o they_o can_v hope_v to_o attain_v by_o arm_n for_o we_o have_v be_v all_o their_o subject_n without_o any_o other_o charge_n than_o your_o own_o instant_a request_n as_o for_o myself_o say_v he_o i_o have_v rather_o have_v give_v myself_o the_o stab_n than_o to_o have_v drink_v of_o that_o cup._n and_o after_o many_o example_n produce_v by_o he_o of_o those_o that_o have_v change_v a_o miserable_a life_n for_o a_o present_a death_n kill_v themselves_o before_o they_o will_v serve_v for_o trophy_n to_o their_o enemy_n he_o continue_v his_o discourse_n as_o follow_v for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o follow_v these_o great_a spirit_n than_o have_v so_o often_o give_v testimony_n of_o my_o valour_n for_o another_o prefer_v life_n before_o honour_n by_o be_v lazy_a and_o negligent_a in_o a_o business_n that_o concern_v myself_o and_o though_o fortune_n deny_v i_o all_o mean_n to_o make_v opposition_n against_o that_o wrong_n that_o another_o shall_v offer_v i_o yet_o my_o courage_n will_v never_o give_v way_n that_o i_o shall_v make_v myself_o the_o speech_n of_o the_o people_n or_o a_o triumph_n for_o man_n more_o unworthy_a than_o myself_o this_o their_o denial_n of_o what_o you_o demand_v do_v comfort_v i_o and_o it_o uphold_v our_o honour_n for_o we_o must_v either_o have_v break_v our_o faith_n or_o play_v the_o coward_n like_o needy_a beggar_n and_o live_v a_o life_n more_o cruel_a more_o intolerable_a than_o any_o torment_n of_o phalaris_n like_o miserable_a man_n yield_v our_o neck_n to_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o confess_v ourselves_o beat_v sell_v our_o own_o liberty_n and_o our_o child_n after_o we_o and_o that_o for_o ever_o good_a god_n what_o a_o blow_n be_v this_o sir_n for_o asmuch_o therefore_o as_o the_o tempest_n be_v grow_v so_o great_a and_o we_o be_v drive_v to_o so_o extreme_a a_o necessity_n embrace_v we_o in_o your_o arm_n be_v our_o head_n serve_v we_o for_o a_o example_n a_o watchtower_n a_o conduct_n so_o shall_v we_o engage_v our_o will_n and_o our_o life_n to_o show_v ourselves_o your_o most_o humble_a servant_n in_o time_n of_o need_n and_o valorous_a soldier_n when_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v and_o though_o i_o be_v now_o wear_v with_o year_n yet_o never_o have_v i_o great_a courage_n or_o better_a resolution_n the_o earl_n remond_n on_o the_o other_o side_n entreat_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n not_o to_o abandon_v their_o cause_n offer_v unto_o he_o both_o his_o good_n and_o his_o life_n to_o fight_v under_o his_o authority_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v overcome_v with_o these_o entreaty_n and_o move_v with_o compassion_n towards_o the_o afflict_a in_o the_o end_n take_v arm_n and_o send_v this_o ticket_n of_o defiance_n to_o the_o earl_n simon_n by_o two_o trumpeter_n endeavour_v without_o delay_n to_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o to_o fight_v with_o your_o lord_n and_o if_o you_o fall_v into_o my_o hand_n you_o shall_v pay_v for_o it_o it_o be_v your_o duty_n and_o i_o will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o i_o rather_o desire_v it_o than_o to_o put_v myself_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o great_a army_n for_o your_o ruin_n the_o earl_n simon_n make_v good_a use_n of_o this_o letter_n of_o defiance_n for_o he_o send_v it_o into_o diverse_a part_n of_o europe_n show_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o monk_n that_o preach_v the_o crusade_n that_o the_o care_n be_v not_o now_o for_o the_o earl_n of_o toulouze_n foix_n come_v or_o the_o prince_n of_o bearne_v but_o for_o a_o puissant_a king_n who_o have_v make_v himself_o the_o general_n of_o the_o albingenses_n and_o that_o if_o he_o be_v not_o assist_v extraordinary_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o church_n be_v at_o a_o end_n and_o therefore_o he_o entreat_v all_o good_a christian_n especial_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o give_v his_o best_a assistance_n in_o these_o holy_a war_n and_o extreme_a necessity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n write_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o the_o earl_n simon_n of_o montfort_n have_v a_o 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neuter_n he_o be_v much_o afflict_v therewith_o have_v now_o no_o other_o recourse_n but_o to_o the_o threat_n of_o the_o legate_n to_o excommunicate_v he_o if_o he_o shall_v proceed_v any_o far_a the_o legate_n send_v he_o a_o ambassage_n and_o letter_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n return_v this_o answer_n go_v speedy_o and_o tell_v your_o master_n that_o i_o will_v come_v and_o see_v he_o and_o give_v he_o a_o answer_n with_o ten_o thousand_o fight_a man_n and_o will_v he_o to_o defend_v himself_o for_o i_o will_v teach_v he_o to_o play_v with_o his_o peer_n every_o one_o make_v preparation_n 89._o the_o monk_n of_o the_o valley_n sernay_n chap._n 89._o the_o earl_n simon_n send_v into_o france_n to_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o paris_n and_o master_n
have_v be_v give_v they_o that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v alter_v within_o the_o city_n this_o good_a use_n do_v the_o earl_n simon_n make_v of_o the_o presence_n and_o force_n of_o prince_n lewis_n for_o otherwise_o he_o dare_v not_o have_v enterprise_v the_o saccage_n and_o dismantling_n of_o this_o goodly_a and_o great_a city_n without_o the_o endanger_n of_o his_o fortune_n be_v his_o force_n never_o so_o great_a at_o this_o very_a time_n arrive_v bonaventure_n the_o pope_n new_a legate_n and_o of_o those_o that_o take_v on_o they_o the_o cross_a the_o bishop_n of_o beawois_n the_o earl_n of_o saint_n paul_n the_o earl_n of_o savoy_n the_o earl_n of_o alencon_n the_o viscount_n of_o melun_n matthew_n de_fw-fr montmorenci_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n that_o accompany_v he_o the_o legate_n see_v so_o many_o pilgrim_n begin_v to_o fear_v lest_o prince_n lewis_n shall_v dispose_v of_o diverse_a place_n which_o the_o albingenses_n hold_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n under_o who_o name_n all_o those_o conquest_n be_v make_v for_o the_o avoid_v whereof_o he_o send_v unto_o all_o those_o place_n that_o hold_v for_o the_o say_v albingenses_n the_o absolution_n and_o safeguard_n of_o the_o church_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o prince_n think_v to_o make_v a_o assault_n upon_o any_o of_o they_o they_o produce_v their_o absolution_n and_o show_v that_o they_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o church_n and_o this_o legate_n grow_v so_o audacious_a as_o to_o tell_v prince_n lewis_n that_o since_o he_o be_v become_v a_o soldier_n of_o the_o cross_n he_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o command_n because_o he_o do_v represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o pardon_n he_o be_v come_v to_o obtain_v by_o obey_v the_o church_n not_o by_o command_v as_o the_o son_n of_o a_o king_n reproach_v he_o beside_o that_o the_o king_n his_o father_n make_v no_o account_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o albingenses_n when_o the_o time_n and_o season_n serve_v and_o there_o be_v best_a opportunity_n but_o now_o after_o those_o victory_n miraculous_o obtain_v he_o come_v to_o glean_v the_o ear_n of_o that_o glory_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o those_o only_a that_o have_v prodigal_o spend_v their_o life_n for_o the_o church_n the_o prince_n dissemble_v this_o audacious_a boldness_n narbonne_n be_v dismantle_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n which_o neither_o the_o legate_n nor_o the_o earl_n simon_n will_v not_o have_v dare_v to_o enterprise_n without_o his_o presence_n the_o bishop_n of_o narbonne_n do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o hinder_v the_o dismantling_n of_o it_o affirm_v that_o it_o do_v much_o import_n that_o a_o place_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o spain_n shall_v be_v preserve_v with_o the_o wall_n and_o rampier_n thereof_o but_o the_o earl_n simon_n and_o the_o legate_n be_v very_a instant_n to_o the_o contrary_a &_o they_o obtain_v their_o desire_n here_o end_v the_o good_a fortune_n of_o the_o earl_n simon_n for_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o levy_v of_o pilgrim_n which_o prince_n lewis_n bring_v with_o he_o he_o have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o defend_v himself_o from_o blow_n notwithstanding_o the_o albingenses_n be_v also_o weary_v with_o continual_a war_n and_o visit_v from_o time_n to_o time_n with_o new_a expedition_n insomuch_o that_o they_o sink_v under_o the_o burden_n of_o they_o now_o forasmuch_o as_o this_o war_n change_v countenance_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o chief_a leader_n and_o that_o from_o hence_o forward_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n remond_n of_o toulouze_n another_o remond_n and_o of_o roger_n the_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o foix_n then_o of_o the_o old_a earl_n we_o here_o make_v a_o second_o book_n of_o the_o action_n of_o the_o child_n succeed_v their_o father_n miserable_o afflict_v only_o for_o that_o they_o have_v for_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o these_o great_a lord_n that_o be_v deserve_o assault_v for_o religion_n for_o many_o time_n they_o have_v their_o recourse_n to_o the_o pope_n as_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o their_o evil_n and_o in_o all_o respect_n to_o a_o poor_a remedy_n never_o bring_v with_o they_o from_o rome_n other_o thing_n than_o good_a word_n with_o very_o dangerous_a effect_n the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o waldenses_n call_v albingenses_n contain_v the_o war_n which_o they_o maintain_v after_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o until_o they_o be_v utter_o exterminate_v chap._n i._n the_o war_n be_v renew_v against_o the_o earl_n of_o foix_n the_o arragonian_n make_v hostile_a incursion_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o the_o earl_n simon_n he_o be_v discomfit_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o foix_n simon_n be_v call_v into_o dauphine_n the_o legate_n bonaventure_n persuade_v the_o earl_n of_o foix_n and_o of_o toulouze_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n they_o further_o their_o cause_n nothing_o at_o all_o the_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n remond_n come_v from_o england_n thither_o but_o in_o vain_a the_o prince_n lewis_n son_n of_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n his_o quarantine_n or_o forty_o day_n be_v expire_v retire_a himself_o not_o without_o much_o discontent_n to_o see_v in_o those_o war_n against_o the_o albingenses_n so_o much_o tyranny_n the_o earl_n simon_n endeavour_v to_o get_v a_o pardon_n for_o those_o last_o pilgrim_n come_v from_o france_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o foix._n 157._o hologaray_n in_o his_o hist_n of_o foix_n pag._n 157._o he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o foix_n but_o with_o his_o great_a loss_n for_o there_o die_v before_o it_o many_o gallant_a man_n have_v lie_v before_o the_o city_n ten_o day_n he_o raise_v his_o siege_n find_v to_o his_o great_a cost_n that_o the_o place_n be_v inexpugnable_a the_o earl_n simon_n his_o brother_n keep_v his_o quarter_n at_o varille_n the_o earl_n of_o foix_n unlodge_v he_o slay_v with_o his_o lance_n the_o say_a brother_n of_o the_o earl_n simon_n and_o put_v to_o flight_v his_o whole_a troop_n this_o be_v a_o counterpoise_n to_o monfort_n his_o prosperity_n which_o have_v make_v he_o over-insolent_a and_o as_o one_o unhappy_a chance_n come_v seldom_o alone_o even_o then_o when_o he_o do_v grind_v his_o tooth_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o foix_n swear_v that_o he_o will_v make_v he_o fly_v over_o the_o pereney_n mountain_n a_o messenger_n bring_v he_o tiding_n of_o the_o arrival_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o bezier_n and_o about_o carcassonne_n of_o diverse_a troop_n of_o arragonian_n and_o catalans_n who_o put_v all_o they_o meet_v to_o sword_n and_o fire_n say_v that_o they_o will_v revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o good_a king_n alphonsus_n he_o be_v therefore_o advertise_v that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o speedy_o succour_v they_o the_o whole_a country_n will_v be_v lose_v he_o depart_v therefore_o from_o foix_n with_o great_a diligence_n 158._o idem_fw-la fol._n 158._o the_o earl_n of_o foix_n who_o better_a know_v the_o strait_n and_o byway_n of_o his_o country_n than_o he_o stop_v his_o passage_n and_o lay_v in_o ambush_n for_o he_o in_o a_o place_n so_o fit_v for_o his_o overthrow_n that_o he_o slay_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o troop_n without_o any_o alarm_n he_o save_v himself_o with_o a_o few_o of_o his_o people_n be_v come_v to_o carcassonne_n it_o be_v well_o for_o he_o that_o he_o find_v not_o a_o man_n to_o speak_v a_o word_n unto_o for_o the_o arragonian_n have_v retire_v themselves_o whereas_o have_v they_o attend_v his_o come_n they_o may_v easy_o have_v discomfit_v he_o consider_v the_o small_a number_n that_o be_v with_o he_o at_o this_o very_a time_n other_o letter_n be_v bring_v unto_o he_o whereby_o he_o be_v call_v into_o dauphine_n where_o there_o be_v one_o ademar_n of_o poitiers_n and_o one_o ponce_n of_o monlaur_n who_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o pilgrim_n who_o come_v down_o by_o the_o river_n rhosne_fw-fr and_o be_v conduct_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o lion_n and_o vienne_n there_o be_v likewise_o the_o city_n of_o monteil-aimar_n and_o crest_n arnaud_n who_o take_v part_n with_o the_o albingenses_n who_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o pilgrim_n simon_n come_v to_o treaty_n and_o composition_n with_o ademar_n of_o poitiers_n and_o monlaur_n not_o have_v power_n to_o encounter_v so_o many_o enemy_n again_o he_o be_v give_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o arragonian_n be_v return_v about_o carcassonne_n and_o thither_o he_o come_v and_o be_v well_o beat_v insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o shut_v up_o himself_o within_o carcassonne_n have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o keep_v the_o field_n before_o he_o have_v new_a supply_n of_o pilgrim_n to_o succour_v he_o see_v at_o the_o last_o that_o he_o get_v nothing_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o foix_n by_o
so_o be_v it_o the_o duty_n of_o all_o the_o faithful_a to_o have_v a_o true_a compassion_n of_o the_o calamity_n of_o those_o who_o remain_v and_o be_v banish_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o christ_n to_o implore_v god_n assastance_n by_o supplication_n and_o prayer_n for_o their_o preservation_n and_o deliverance_n and_o final_o to_o communicate_v their_o good_n to_o they_o for_o their_o relief_n indeed_o as_o we_o be_v all_o member_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o body_n and_o oblige_v to_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o evil_n of_o one_o another_o we_o ought_v above_o all_o to_o be_v lively_o touch_v by_o the_o affliction_n of_o those_o faithful_a witness_n of_o jesus_n who_o have_v suffare_v for_o his_o sake_n to_o maintain_v his_o truth_n and_o for_o the_o profession_n of_o his_o gospel_n it_o have_v be_v easy_a for_o they_o all_o to_o preserve_v their_o good_n and_o to_o acquire_v new_a possession_n if_o they_o have_v be_v willing_a to_o make_v a_o shipwreck_n of_o their_o faith_n if_o the_o spirit_n of_o christ_n dwell_v in_o we_o that_o same_o spirit_n who_o quicken_v we_o all_o and_o have_v fortify_v those_o faithful_a sell_v in_o their_o suffering_n of_o disgrace_n and_o loss_n for_o god_n ought_v also_o to_o move_v we_o to_o succour_v they_o with_o all_o our_o power_n what_o they_o humble_o desire_v of_o we_o be_v neither_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o nor_o to_o make_v we_o beggar_n they_o beg_v only_o a_o small_a part_n of_o our_o abundance_n not_o to_o employ_v it_o in_o excess_n or_o riot_n but_o in_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n which_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v through_o want_n if_o we_o have_v a_o true_a horror_n of_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o bloody_a enemy_n how_o can_v we_o refuse_v they_o what_o christ_n do_v ask_v of_o we_o for_o their_o consolation_n who_o fail_v in_o so_o just_a a_o duty_n instead_o of_o show_v himself_o a_o friend_n to_o christ_n and_o to_o his_o saint_n persecute_v for_o he_o declare_v himself_o half_o their_o enemy_n and_o seem_v to_o embrace_v the_o party_n of_o their_o persecutor_n in_o their_o detestable_a cruelty_n for_o if_o those_o inhumave_v papist_n have_v unjust_o spoil_v they_o of_o all_o their_o good_n we_o shall_v approve_v what_o they_o have_v do_v in_o not_o afford_v they_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o subsistence_n if_o as_o it_o be_v very_o true_a they_o have_v sin_v against_o our_o brethren_n through_o malice_n and_o rage_n let_v we_o beware_v to_o make_v ourselves_o guilty_a towards_o they_o through_o our_o hardness_n and_o want_n of_o compassion_n if_o they_o have_v strip_v they_o and_o almost_o starve_v they_o shall_v we_o who_o by_o good_a grace_n be_v well_o clothe_v and_o feed_v leave_v they_o both_o naked_a and_o hungry_a if_o their_o enemy_n have_v wound_v they_o may_v we_o not_o pass_v for_o their_o false_a friend_n if_o we_o give_v they_o no_o salve_n but_o see_v and_o suffer_v they_o bleed_v without_o bind_v their_o wound_n and_o apply_v some_o remedy_n if_o these_o cruel_a murderer_n have_v take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o many_o shall_v we_o refuse_v to_o preserve_v they_o who_o remain_v after_o that_o great_a slaughter_n yea_o in_o refuse_v to_o help_v the_o live_n be_v we_o mind_v to_o make_v their_o condition_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o their_o dead_a friend_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a cruelty_n to_o make_v a_o man_n languish_v in_o misery_n and_o to_o starve_v he_o than_o to_o kill_v he_o outright_o i_o hope_v that_o all_o faithful_a christian_n and_o saint_n of_o this_o country_n be_v lively_o touch_v by_o the_o sad_a and_o lamentable_a condition_n of_o those_o poor_a fugitive_n who_o be_v persecute_v for_o righteousness_n sake_n will_v open_v they_o their_o bowel_n of_o mercy_n and_o will_v give_v they_o liberal_o such_o portion_n of_o their_o good_n as_o may_v satisfy_v their_o hunger_n and_o help_v they_o to_o subsist_v so_o they_o shall_v have_v in_o their_o conscience_n the_o joy_n and_o comfort_n to_o have_v contribute_v to_o the_o restauration_n of_o those_o poor_a church_n which_o god_n have_v raise_v and_o preserve_v miraculous_o so_o many_o age_n together_o those_o sanctuary_n they_o shall_v revedifie_v will_v without_o intermission_n offer_v their_o prayer_n to_o god_n for_o their_o benefactor_n prosperity_n and_o salvation_n those_o member_n of_o christ_n will_v bless_v they_o for_o their_o sense_n of_o their_o misery_n god_n angel_n will_v rejoice_v for_o their_o effectual_a compassion_n and_o god_n himself_o have_v as_o it_o be_v smell_v the_o sweet_a odour_n or_o savour_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o their_o alm_n will_v now_o recompense_v they_o with_o all_o his_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a blessing_n and_o hereafter_o will_v crown_v they_o in_o heaven_n with_o glory_n and_o immortality_n a_o brief_a apology_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o piedmont_n with_o a_o narrative_a of_o what_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o arrest_v issue_v against_o they_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o january_n 1655._o whereas_o we_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o the_o apocalypse_v that_o the_o rage_n and_o cruelty_n of_o the_o infernal_a dragon_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o world_n will_v be_v in_o no_o wise_a abate_v but_o see_v his_o time_n of_o persecute_v the_o saint_n to_o be_v but_o short_a be_v the_o more_o vehement_o incense_v against_o they_o the_o reform_a church_n in_o several_a part_n especial_o those_o next_o unto_o we_o in_o piedmont_n have_v very_o often_o heretofore_o as_o well_o as_o now_o have_v sad_a experience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o particular_a for_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n who_o be_v sovereign_a prince_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o piedmont_n after_o a_o most_o tedious_a and_o chargeable_a application_n make_v unto_o he_o do_v by_o a_o edict_n express_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v confirm_v unto_o they_o a_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o religion_n and_o of_o those_o privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o his_o predecessor_n duke_n of_o savoy_n yet_o through_o the_o powerful_a persuasion_n of_o the_o congregation_n as_o it_o be_v call_v for_o propagation_n of_o the_o faith_n and_o extirpate_v of_o heretic_n erect_v at_o turin_n or_o rather_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o authority_n which_o they_o usurp_v over_o prince_n he_o soon_o forget_v his_o promise_n and_o beyonnd_v all_o man_n expectation_n one_o gastald_v be_v send_v with_o a_o commission_n who_o call_v himself_o conservator_n general_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n against_o the_o reform_a professor_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v receive_v instruction_n from_o the_o prince_n whereby_o command_n be_v give_v touch_v all_o of_o the_o reform_a profession_n within_o the_o several_a town_n and_o precinct_n of_o lucerne_n lusernette_n st._n john_n la_fw-fr tour_n campiglion_n fenil_n bobiane_n bricheras_n and_o st._n second_o both_o inhabitant_n and_o stranger_n that_o in_o case_n they_o will_v not_o within_o three_o day_n embrace_v the_o popish_a religion_n they_o must_v for_o ever_o bid_v farewell_n to_o their_o native_a country_n their_o house_n their_o land_n and_o possession_n add_v moreover_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v death_n without_o mercy_n if_o after_o that_o space_n of_o time_n any_o of_o they_o be_v take_v in_o those_o place_n hereupon_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o time_n limit_v overpast_a but_o immediate_o the_o missionary_n monk_n and_o popish_a priest_n send_v in_o upon_o they_o a_o world_n of_o cutthroat_n and_o villain_n who_o not_o only_o gape_v after_o the_o prey_n like_o hound_n and_o hunt_v for_o the_o precious_a life_n of_o these_o miserable_a exile_n but_o also_o discharge_v their_o rage_n and_o fury_n against_o their_o house_n and_o land_n by_o cut_v down_o and_o root_n up_o the_o very_a tree_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o our_o poor_a brethren_n know_v not_o where_o to_o complain_v of_o these_o injury_n and_o lay_v open_a their_o case_n nor_o to_o who_o be_v deprive_v of_o all_o possibility_n of_o make_v any_o address_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o if_o any_o offer_n to_o present_a petition_n in_o their_o behalf_n they_o be_v present_o snap_v and_o send_v away_o to_o the_o congregation_n for_o propagate_a the_o faith_n and_o extirpation_n of_o heretic_n that_o be_v to_o their_o adversary_n the_o archbishop_n of_o turin_n the_o prince_n confessor_n the_o abbot_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr monta_fw-mi the_o prior_n of_o rorene_n and_o some_o other_o who_o be_v politic_a pensioner_n to_o the_o pope_n now_o as_o touch_v this_o persecution_n against_o the_o protestant_n whereby_o they_o be_v make_v to_o depart_v within_o three_o day_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n into_o such_o desolate_a place_n as_o be_v hardly_o sufficient_a to_o receive_v and_o sustain_v the_o native_a inhabitant_n the_o iniquity_n and_o injustice_n of_o the_o proceed_n appear_v
declare_v that_o it_o be_v never_o his_o design_n nor_o of_o his_o royal_a predecessor_n by_o any_o act_n do_v or_o to_o be_v do_v nor_o his_o intention_n much_o less_o his_o will_n to_o enlarge_v their_o bound_n and_o that_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v do_v or_o publish_v to_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v both_o against_o his_o own_o order_n or_o those_o of_o his_o magistrate_n but_o a_o mere_a usurpation_n against_o the_o disposition_n of_o those_o act_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a and_o therefore_o the_o transgressor_n have_v undergo_v the_o penalty_n mention_v in_o his_o declaration_n beside_o that_o his_o highness_n do_v intend_v that_o in_o all_o those_o place_n and_o each_o of_o they_o where_o they_o be_v love_o tolerate_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o holy_a mass_n be_v celebrate_v prohibit_v all_o subject_n of_o the_o pretend_a reform_a religion_n to_o give_v any_o molestation_n in_o deed_n or_o word_n to_o the_o father_n missionary_n and_o those_o that_o officiate_n under_o they_o much_o less_o to_o disturb_v or_o divertany_n of_o the_o pretend_a reform_a religion_n from_o turn_v catholic_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n charge_v and_o particular_o command_v each_o particular_a minister_n of_o the_o pretend_a reform_a religion_n to_o see_v the_o forementioned_a injunction_n inviolable_o observe_v as_o they_o will_v answer_v it_o at_o their_o utmost_a peril_n declare_v his_o intention_n to_o be_v that_o the_o execution_n hereof_o be_v do_v by_o post_v or_o fix_v copy_n of_o these_o present_n which_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o like_a value_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v make_v and_o intimate_v to_o each_o in_o particular_a give_v at_o lucerne_n the_o 25_o of_o january_n 1655._o andrew_n galstaldus_n commissioner_n a_o second_o apology_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o reform_a inhabit_v the_o valley_n of_o piedmont_n the_o history_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n who_o god_n have_v preserve_v in_o a_o corner_n of_o italy_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o piedmont_n as_o miraculous_o as_o he_o do_v moses_n his_o bush_n in_o horeb_n not_o only_o since_o the_o year_n 1100_o when_o the_o poor_a vaudois_n and_o albigeois_n retire_v themselves_o thither_o well_o know_v that_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n namely_o the_o modern_a have_v no_o access_n there_o but_o also_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v always_o and_o from_o all_o time_n as_o say_v the_o monk_n belvedere_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v a_o relation_n to_o the_o congregation_n de_fw-fr propagandâ_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o as_o it_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o thuanus_n his_o history_n and_o many_o other_o be_v at_o large_a describe_v in_o several_a book_n write_v to_o that_o purpose_n by_o mr._n du_fw-fr perrin_n and_o late_o by_o master_n giles_n pastor_n in_o those_o quarter_n and_o shall_v yet_o further_o be_v see_v god_n willing_a by_o a_o second_o edition_n which_o will_v come_v forth_o with_o a_o exact_a addition_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v since_o and_o very_o sudden_o by_o as_o ample_a a_o manifest_a as_o the_o case_n do_v require_v it_o that_o will_v be_v more_o particular_o make_v manifest_a which_o now_o in_o these_o few_o line_n be_v but_o slight_o touch_v concern_v their_o number_n their_o extent_n their_o fight_n their_o deliverance_n the_o edict_n privilege_n and_o concession_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o have_v enjoy_v the_o peaceable_a habitation_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n the_o disturbance_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o romish_a clergy_n have_v raise_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o deliverance_n the_o lord_n have_v vouchsafe_v they_o until_o these_o latter_a day_n wherein_o he_o have_v break_v down_o their_o hedge_n and_o the_o boar_n of_o the_o wood_n have_v utter_o waste_v that_o vineyard_n and_o the_o hawk_n have_v chase_v and_o tear_v to_o piece_n that_o dove_n even_o in_o the_o very_a cleft_n of_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o year_n 1560._o and_o 1561._o emanuel_n philebert_n duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o prince_n of_o piedmont_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o komish_a clergy_n send_v a_o mighty_a army_n to_o destroy_v the_o poor_a reform_v of_o the_o valley_n of_o lucerne_n perouse_a and_o saint_n martin_n in_o the_o say_v piedmont_n hard_o by_o the_o dauphinè_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr trinité_fw-fr that_o war_n be_v long_o and_o bloody_a after_o they_o grow_v weary_a of_o it_o both_o party_n come_v to_o a_o agreement_n bear_v among_o several_a other_o head_n the_o permission_n unto_o all_o of_o the_o reform_a religion_n to_o inhabit_v all_o place_n and_o land_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o valley_n wherein_o be_v any_o afore_o the_o war_n begin_v in_o consequence_n of_o which_o agreement_n and_o concession_n they_o be_v restore_v into_o lucerne_n lucernette_n saint_n john_n la_fw-fr tour_n fenil_n bobiane_n and_o saint_n second_o which_o place_n be_v low_a towards_o the_o plain_a about_o turin_n and_o pinerol_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o more_o remote_a place_n towards_o the_o neighbour_a mountain_n of_o dauphiné_n and_o they_o have_v be_v preserve_v there_o and_o protect_v by_o their_o prince_n until_o the_o year_n 1602._o then_o charles_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o prince_n of_o piedmont_n of_o glorious_a memory_n after_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o reform_a out_o of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o salluce_n give_v leave_v to_o his_o delegate_n to_o pubblish_v several_a order_n against_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o lucerne_n who_o dwell_v towards_o the_o south_n of_o it_o beyond_o the_o river_n call_v pelice_fw-la viz._n the_o reform_a of_o the_o borroughs_n of_o lucerne_n bobiane_n and_o fenil_n which_o be_v but_o small_a dependence_n of_o the_o church_n of_o saint_n john_n but_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o touch_v the_o rest_n and_o indeed_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v find_v that_o during_o the_o former_a persecution_n any_o duke_n of_o savoy_n have_v ever_o pretend_v that_o all_o the_o other_o place_n nor_o any_o of_o they_o of_o those_o mark_v in_o the_o order_n be_v out_o of_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o habitation_n grant_v to_o the_o reform_a it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o soon_o after_o viz._n in_o april_n 1603._o he_o make_v a_o decree_n whereby_o he_o order_v to_o those_o of_o lucerne_n bobiane_n and_o f●nil_n who_o alone_o have_v be_v turn_v out_o to_o inhabit_v again_o their_o house_n and_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n recall_v all_o order_n to_o the_o contrary_n he_o confirm_v the_o same_o by_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o 29_o of_o september_n in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o the_o first_o article_n and_o he_o keep_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n until_o the_o year_n 1620_o at_o which_o time_n yet_o they_o offer_v to_o stir_v against_o those_o of_o the_o same_o land_n of_o lucerne_n bobiane_n and_o fenil_n but_o the_o clemency_n and_o justice_n of_o his_o say_a royal_a highness_n be_v yet_o such_o that_o he_o no_o soon_o have_v grant_v the_o order_n for_o their_o banishment_n but_o present_o he_o recall_v it_o and_o grant_v they_o again_o a_o fine_a decree_n whereby_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a and_o intend_v that_o all_o the_o pretend_v reform_v for_o such_o be_v his_o word_n shall_v peaceable_o enjoy_v their_o habitation_n in_o all_o the_o place_n former_o grant_v and_o accustom_v such_o as_o the_o aforesaid_a be_v ordered_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o molest_v therein_o and_o even_o grant_v they_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o some_o temple_n pretend_v to_o be_v low_a towards_o the_o plain_a then_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o preach_v extend_v unto_o and_o that_o he_o grant_v for_o a_o sum_n of_o 6000_o ducatoon_n he_o exact_v from_o they_o all_o these_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o ducal_z chamber_n and_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v observe_v during_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o same_o charles_n emanuel_n after_o he_o victorio_n amedeo_n his_o successor_n of_o glorious_a memory_n leave_v they_o also_o in_o the_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o whatsoever_o his_o predecessor_n have_v grant_v unto_o they_o and_o special_o the_o free_a commerce_n in_o his_o dominion_n and_o the_o peaceable_a habitation_n in_o all_o the_o place_n which_o be_v question_v in_o the_o order_n which_o shall_v follow_v have_v only_o deprive_v they_o contrary_a to_o their_o ancient_a concession_n of_o bear_v any_o public_a office_n say_v that_o if_o his_o father_n and_o granfather_n have_v grant_v they_o that_o privilege_n for_o his_o part_n he_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o continue_v it_o or_o as_o now_o the_o marquis_n of_o pianess_n do_v speak_v that_o grace_n of_o prince_n be_v not_o unalterable_a afterward_o madam_n royal_a during_o the_o time_n of_o her_o whole_a regency_n have_v yet_o preserve_v they_o in_o the_o same_o state_n without_o disturb_v they_o for_o their_o habitation_n and_o even_o in_o 1638._o issue_v out_o a_o fine_a decree_n bear_v a_o express_a promise_n