know_v to_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n in_o all_o country_n more_o than_o they_o will_v of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o affect_v the_o king_n be_v own_o dominion_n only_o beside_o it_o appear_v more_o impertinent_a if_o you_o turn_v those_o word_n into_o a_o proviso_n and_o then_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o in_o plain_a english_a than_o this_o provide_v that_o this_o law_n shall_v continue_v except_o it_o be_v hereafter_o repeal_v which_o sure_o will_v be_v very_o ridiculous_a mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n both_o in_o their_o argument_n quote_v several_a record_n and_o precedent_n where_o the_o king_n in_o all_o time_n after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n do_v prohibit_v stranger_n from_o come_v in_o and_o do_v command_v they_o out_o when_o they_o be_v here_o at_o pleasure_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o record_n for_o they_o be_v many_o nay_o the_o king_n when_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v prohibit_v do_v grant_v safe-conduct_a and_o of_o that_o sort_n in_o roll_n prerogative_n 180._o you_o will_v find_v several_a instance_n and_o in_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n to_o confirm_v the_o king_n prerogative_n as_o to_o safe-conduct_n it_o do_v appear_v syderfyn_n fol._n 441._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v prohibit_v the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a good_n and_o whoever_o act_v against_o such_o prohibition_n forfeit_v his_o ship._n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o pleasure_n and_o recall_v they_o again_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o that_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o without_o give_v any_o reason_n the_o book_n of_o fitzherbert_n n._n b._n and_o register_n before-cited_n make_v this_o evident_a mr._n attorney_n indeed_o cite_v many_o instance_n wherein_o the_o king_n have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n council_n as_o 7_o ed._n 2._o m._n 10._o quadragesimo_fw-la ed._n 3._o m._n 24._o stat._n of_o 5_o r._n 2._o cap._n 2._o which_o confirm_v it_o 3._o inst._n 179._o vicesimo_fw-la quinto_fw-la ed._n 3._o m._n 10._o with_o many_o more_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o after_o a_o prohibition_n it_o be_v a_o offence_n admit_v of_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n for_o any_o subject_n to_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n dyer_n 165._o and_o 296._o agree_v it_o and_o that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o present_a purpose_n there_o be_v a_o prohibition_n in_o the_o charter_n in_o question_n to_o all_o person_n that_o be_v not_o there_o mention_v what_o influence_n the_o king_n prerogative_n must_v necessary_o have_v upon_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n appear_v by_o his_o frequent_a grant_v letter_n of_o mark_n and_o reprisal_n these_o be_v not_o allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n civil_a or_o common_a law_n for_o thereby_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o another_o act_n without_o his_o consent_n but_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n humana_fw-la necessitate_v exigente_fw-la the_o king_n only_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v league_n and_o truce_n with_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o which_o only_o all_o foreign_a trade_n do_v depend_v and_o those_o league_n be_v make_v upon_o such_o term_n and_o condition_n and_o under_o such_o limitation_n as_o both_o prince_n think_v fit_a many_o instance_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v also_o cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v myself_o and_o the_o difference_n that_o arise_v from_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o those_o league_n and_o can_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o can_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o foreign_a part_n four_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_o master_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n which_o he_o can_v not_o be_v in_o case_n he_o have_v not_o a_o power_n to_o lay_v restraint_n upon_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o relation_n to_o foreign_a commerce_n since_o eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o war_n be_v proclaim_v all_o public_a commerce_n be_v prohibit_v and_o the_o council_n that_o argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n admit_v that_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v his_o subject_n to_o go_v or_o trade_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n of_o war_n or_o plague_n how_o strange_o preposterous_a then_o will_v it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o yet_o be_v deny_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o one_o and_o prevent_v the_o other_o be_v not_o that_o therefore_o the_o great_a reason_n why_o the_o king_n be_v at_o so_o great_a expense_n in_o maintain_v ambassador_n and_o envoy_n in_o all_o the_o trade_n part_n of_o the_o world_n without_o which_o we_o shall_v be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a state_n of_o war_n will_v it_o not_o be_v monstrous_a that_o when_o the_o king_n be_v enter_v into_o league_n with_o any_o sovereign_a prince_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o trade_n very_o advantageous_a to_o his_o people_n to_o have_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o destroy_v it_o as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o league_n between_o our_o king_n and_o the_o emperor_n of_o morocco_n for_o a_o trade_n to_o tangier_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o no_o english_a ship_n come_v there_o for_o commerce_n shall_v be_v above_o a_o hundred_o tun_n and_o a_o fleet_n of_o merchant_n ship_n within_o that_o condition_n be_v in_o port_n at_o tangier_n and_o mr._n sands_n with_o the_o same_o obstinacy_n as_o he_o seem_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o case_n shall_v have_v go_v with_o a_o ship_n of_o above_o a_o hundred_o tun_n to_o tangier_n that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o absolute_a breach_n of_o the_o league_n we_o shall_v have_v be_v immediate_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n the_o merchant_n good_n and_o ship_n absolute_o forfeit_v to_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o they_o and_o their_o family_n thereby_o undo_v without_o any_o remedy_n till_o mr._n sands_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o return_v into_o england_n and_o also_o bring_v with_o he_o a_o estate_n sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o a_o recompense_n and_o then_o also_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o contrive_v such_o a_o action_n in_o our_o law_n to_o compel_v mr._n sands_n to_o do_v it_o beside_o the_o king_n have_v no_o other_o way_n if_o his_o ambassador_n and_o minister_n in_o foreign_a part_n can_v prevail_v that_o right_o shall_v be_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n or_o if_o mr._n sands_n interlope_a ship_n and_o all_o its_o cargo_fw-mi have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v away_o from_o he_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v of_o a_o war_n and_o compel_v they_o to_o make_v restitution_n by_o force_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v affect_v more_o than_o foreign_a trader_n will_v be_v then_o concern_v both_o in_o their_o person_n and_o purse_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n to_o lie_v under_o the_o burden_n and_o charge_n and_o the_o profit_n and_o advantage_n accrue_v only_o to_o a_o few_o and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o think_v it_o not_o improper_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o objection_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n of_o the_o unreasonableness_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v entrust_v with_o this_o prerogative_n for_o as_o well_o as_o he_o may_v restrain_v person_n travel_v to_o the_o indies_n he_o may_v also_o restrain_v they_o from_o trade_n into_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world._n the_o very_a objection_n seem_v to_o carry_v a_o unsavoury_a as_o well_o as_o a_o unreasonable_a mistrust_n in_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o prince_n for_o as_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o our_o law_n the_o king_n can_v be_v presume_v to_o do_v wrong_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o constant_a practice_n of_o our_o present_a king_n have_v not_o give_v we_o the_o least_o umbrage_n for_o such_o diffidence_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v true_o say_v we_o be_v as_o safe_a by_o our_o prince_n own_o natural_a inclination_n as_o we_o can_v be_v by_o any_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a the_o king_n have_v the_o absolute_a power_n of_o pardon_v all_o offender_n by_o his_o inherent_a prerogative_n which_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v deprive_v he_o of_o the_o case_n of_o murder_n be_v a_o full_a instance_n of_o that_o nor_o be_v that_o prerogative_n ever_o dispute_v in_o any_o age_n though_o never_o so_o troublesome_a save_v in_o that_o single_a case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o danby_n and_o that_o without_o any_o reason_n that_o i_o can_v ever_o hear_v of_o be_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v object_v and_o presume_v that_o the_o king_n will_v pardon_v all_o the_o traitor_n murderer_n and_o robber_n and_o
about_o foreign_a commerce_n and_o can_v never_o be_v think_v to_o bear_v any_o sort_n of_o proportion_n to_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n as_o the_o interest_n of_o all_o foreign_a trade_n do_v necessitate_v they_o to_o contend_v for_o it_o will_v become_v we_o that_o be_v judge_n in_o westminster-hall_n for_o the_o better_a determine_v this_o case_n to_o observe_v the_o method_n use_v by_o our_o predecessor_n in_o determine_v such_o like_a cause_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o common_a law_n by_o the_o several_a authority_n i_o cite_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o as_o the_o book_n of_o ed._n 4._o before_o cite_a say_v it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o leave_v the_o determination_n to_o be_v according_a to_o that_o law_n the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n i_o before_o cite_v make_v a_o particular_a provision_n that_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o cicero_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n say_v non_fw-fr erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la hac_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la and_o i_o the_o rather_o think_v myself_o oblige_v more_o industrious_o to_o search_v into_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o better_a to_o enable_v i_o to_o give_v judgement_n in_o this_o case_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v affect_v the_o king_n subject_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o be_v mind_v thereof_o particular_o by_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n in_o the_o give_a judgement_n in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o bates_n about_o the_o imposition_n upon_o currant_n lane_n fol._n 27._o and_o do_v not_o only_o affirm_v it_o as_o necessary_a but_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o all_o judge_n in_o all_o age_n do_v not_o we_o leave_v the_o determination_n of_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n foreign_a matter_n matter_n of_o navigation_n league_n truce_n embassy_n nay_o even_o in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n the_o stop_n of_o the_o defendant_n ship_n by_o a_o admiralty_n process_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o this_o court_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o exchequer_n to_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o process_n out_o of_o that_o court_n his_o ship_n be_v detain_v to_o this_o day_n and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o court_n proceed_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o matter_n before_o specify_v be_v not_o to_o be_v control_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law._n and_o if_o custom_n make_v a_o law_n than_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n be_v sure_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o my_o next_o particular_a which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n upon_o which_o this_o cause_n will_v turn_v therefore_o 4thly_a i_o conceive_v that_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o regulation_n restraint_n and_o government_n of_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la jura_n regalia_z i._n e._n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v his_o undoubted_a prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o abridge_v or_o control_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n now_o in_o force_n this_o question_n be_v not_o concern_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o power_n or_o any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v thereupon_o because_o upon_o inconvenience_n arise_v the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v supplicate_v to_o redress_v they_o which_o i_o shall_v far_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o particular_a objection_n make_v against_o this_o grant._n commerciorum_fw-la jura_n sunt_fw-la privilegiata_n ac_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la iis_fw-la concessa_fw-la qui_fw-la exercendorum_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la licentiam_fw-la principis_fw-la indultu_fw-la &_o authoritate_fw-la meruerunt_fw-la be_v the_o very_a express_a text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o so_o be_v carpzovire_n const._n n._n 5._o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-la republica_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o ses_fw-fr quae_fw-la tametsi_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la videantur_fw-la prohibere_fw-la tametsi_fw-la saepe_fw-la á_o principibus_fw-la videmus_fw-la and_o in_o cap._n 6._o quote_v by_o mr._n attorney_n that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n so_o salmasius_n pag._n 236._o mercatura_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la indifferens_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la magistratus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o vetando_fw-la vel_fw-la permittendo_fw-la svam_fw-la pro_fw-la commodo_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la so_o carpzovire_v a_o famous_a german_a lawyer_n in_o his_o decision_n lib._n decis_n 105._o n._n 13._o &_o 14._o exempla_fw-la haud_fw-la rara_fw-la sunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la privilegio_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la principis_fw-la commercia_fw-la ad_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la certave_n loca_fw-la restringere_fw-la videmus_fw-la these_o rule_n and_o principle_n assert_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n agree_v with_o the_o principle_n of_o our_o law_n mr._n attorney_n in_o his_o argument_n in_o this_o cause_n cite_v many_o record_n and_o precedent_n to_o make_v good_a this_o assertion_n which_o i_o think_v he_o do_v with_o great_a clearness_n i_o therefore_o will_v content_v myself_o with_o as_o few_o of_o they_o as_o i_o can_v and_o only_o remind_v you_o of_o such_o as_o i_o think_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n which_o i_o will_v do_v by_o these_o step_n i_o conceive_v the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n to_o forbid_v foreigner_n whether_o merchant_n or_o other_o from_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n according_a to_o his_o royal_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o therefore_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n to_o come_v in_o in_o all_o age_n and_o at_o his_o pleasure_n command_v they_o out_o again_o by_o his_o proclamation_n or_o order_n of_o council_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o king_n reign_v without_o many_o instance_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la chap._n 30._o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n be_v but_o a_o general_a safe_a conduct_n omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la ante_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v observe_v that_o mercatores_fw-la say_v my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o the_o chapter_n be_v only_o intend_v of_o merchant_n stranger_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o in_o those_o day_n any_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o foreign_a trade_n or_o at_o least_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o any_o book_n or_o record_n that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n my_o lord_n coke_n 2._o institut_n fol._n 57_o do_v agree_v that_o the_o king_n may_v and_o do_v prohibit_v stranger_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o conceive_v and_o with_o great_a respect_n be_v it_o speak_v to_o his_o memory_n i_o think_v without_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n will_v make_v these_o word_n nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibeantur_fw-la to_o intend_v only_o a_o prohibition_n by_o parliament_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o whole_a realm_n now_o do_v the_o come_n in_o of_o stranger_n concern_v the_o realm_n after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o act_n more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o sure_o no._n do_v not_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o that_o of_o public_a concern_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v not_o the_o prohibition_n of_o stranger_n a_o natural_a dependent_a upon_o that_o prerogative_n if_o the_o word_n publicae_fw-la there_o have_v be_v out_o there_o have_v be_v no_o colour_n for_o that_o conceit_n and_o sure_o the_o king_n proclamation_n will_v make_v the_o matter_n as_o public_a as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v do_v nay_o and_o i_o may_v say_v more_o for_o act_n of_o parliament_n ancient_o be_v make_v public_a by_o proclamation_n for_o in_o our_o book_n we_o have_v many_o instance_n of_o writ_n direct_v to_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o cause_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v publish_v by_o proclamation_n and_o so_o be_v the_o constant_a and_o ancient_a usage_n and_o it_o be_v not_o more_o natural_a for_o stranger_n that_o be_v abroad_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v public_a edict_n which_o be_v
other_o felon_n and_o make_v use_n of_o his_o prerogative_n to_o let_v all_o malefactor_n escape_v the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o honour_n as_o well_o as_o of_o justice_n and_o in_o virtue_n of_o that_o prerogative_n may_v ennoble_v as_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o he_o please_v and_o thereby_o exempt_v they_o from_o arrest_n and_o other_o common_a process_n of_o the_o law_n by_o mean_n whereof_o man_n do_v more_o speedy_o recover_v their_o just_a debt_n and_o have_v redress_n for_o injury_n be_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v the_o king_n will_v make_v such_o a_o glut_n of_o nobleman_n because_o he_o may_v do_v it_o and_o as_o this_o be_v against_o his_o inclination_n so_o certain_o it_o be_v against_o his_o interest_n to_o make_v such_o grant_n as_o the_o defendant_n council_n seem_v to_o fear_v for_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o king_n benefit_n than_o it_o can_v be_v for_o his_o subject_n the_o great_a the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v for_o 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be_v tell_v that_o mr._n sands_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n subject_n come_v into_o the_o emperor_n territory_n against_o his_o prince_n consent_n and_o that_o he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o hinder_v he_o unless_o he_o will_v consult_v with_o all_o his_o noble_n and_o the_o representative_n of_o all_o his_o common_a subject_n to_o assist_v therein_o will_v not_o the_o emperor_n believe_v sand_n to_o be_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o two_o but_o though_o such_o sort_n of_o declamation_n be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o believe_v yet_o i_o think_v they_o have_v the_o same_o tendency_n of_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o the_o king_n with_o some_o other_o matter_n that_o of_o late_o have_v happen_v among_o we_o viz._n some_o have_v be_v so_o concern_v as_o well_o for_o the_o safety_n and_o security_n of_o his_o majesty_n sacred_a person_n and_o to_o make_v he_o formidable_a to_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n at_o home_n as_o to_o desire_v that_o his_o guard_n may_v be_v discharge_v because_o it_o look_v as_o though_o he_o design_v to_o rule_v by_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o to_o show_v their_o tenderness_n to_o his_o sacred_a life_n will_v have_v he_o remove_v from_o the_o assistance_n of_o evil_a counselor_n as_o they_o call_v they_o and_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o assassinate_v as_o though_o one_o murder_v prince_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v that_o piece_n of_o state-policy_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o age_n and_o in_o order_n that_o he_o may_v have_v sufficient_a to_o support_v the_o necessity_n as_o well_o as_o dignity_n of_o a_o crown_n which_o all_o good_a subject_n be_v zealous_a for_o some_o of_o late_o have_v industrious_o endeavour_v to_o have_v prevent_v he_o from_o be_v able_a to_o borrow_v any_o money_n upon_o the_o credit_n of_o any_o part_n of_o his_o revenue_n a_o privilege_n that_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o person_n concern_v in_o that_o question_n will_v think_v themselves_o high_o injure_v to_o be_v debar_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a attempt_n if_o not_o prevent_v will_v render_v the_o king_n and_o his_o government_n low_a and_o despicable_a in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o as_o for_o the_o instance_n between_o a_o denizen_n and_o a_o man_n naturalize_v i_o think_v it_o rather_o make_v against_o than_o for_o mr._n williams_n conclusion_n as_o to_o the_o main_a question_n for_o though_o the_o king_n can_v naturalize_v a_o man_n and_o thereby_o give_v he_o inheritable_a blood_n as_o a_o natural_a bear_v subject_a to_o inherit_v land_n yet_o he_o may_v make_v a_o alien_n a_o denizen_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o become_v to_o have_v as_o much_o privilege_n as_o any_o of_o the_o king_n be_v natural_a subject_n have_v as_o to_o trade_n and_o commerce_n which_o be_v the_o only_a question_n now_o before_o we_o and_o i_o can_v help_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o 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so_o learned_o and_o proper_o apply_v to_o the_o case_n in_o question_n i._o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v that_o the_o staple_n which_o be_v the_o common_a and_o public_a mart_n for_o all_o merchant_n to_o resort_v to_o be_v first_o erect_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o it_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n mention_v at_o the_o bar_n either_o for_o set_v the_o place_n or_o enlarge_n the_o commodity_n that_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o staple_n for_o sure_o in_o all_o time_n when_o the_o staple_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o other_o prince_n that_o must_v be_v do_v by_o league_n which_o none_o can_v make_v but_o the_o king._n to_o instance_n one_o authority_n for_o all_o the_o stat._n 2_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 9_o
the_o argument_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_z justice_z of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n concern_v the_o great_a case_n of_o monopoly_n between_o the_o east_n india_n company_n plaintiff_n and_o thomas_n sandys_n defendant_n wherein_o their_o patent_n for_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o be_v adjudge_v good_a enter_v trin._n 35_o car._n 2._o b._n r._n rot._n 126._o and_o adjudge_v termino_fw-la s._n hilar._n annis_fw-la 36_o &_o 37_o car._n 2._o &_o primo_n jac._n 2._o london_n print_v and_o be_v sell_v by_o randal_n taylor_n near_o stationers-hall_n mdclxxxix_o the_o publisher_n to_o the_o reader_n to_o commend_v this_o argument_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v because_o of_o the_o author_n but_o yet_o i_o may_v tell_v you_o what_o be_v tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v worthy_a any_o gentleman_n perusal_n for_o the_o subject_n be_v of_o concern_v to_o the_o public_a in_o general_n and_o to_o every_o individual_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n either_o 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with_o all_o the_o habitable_a world._n that_o foreign_a commerce_n can_v be_v advantageous_o maintain_v without_o society_n institute_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_v to_o all_o considerate_a man_n from_o the_o policy_n of_o other_o law_n abroad_o which_o establish_v they_o and_o from_o the_o provision_n of_o our_o own_o which_o allow_v and_o protect_v they_o and_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o vast_a charge_n in_o intelligence_n factor_n castle_n fort_n man_n arm_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o wise_a conduct_n requisite_a for_o the_o support_n of_o such_o a_o commerce_n which_o without_o the_o unite_a aid_n of_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o understand_a merchant_n upon_o a_o considerable_a stock_n must_v necessary_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o grow_a encroachment_n of_o neighbour_a country_n which_o use_v the_o policy_n of_o settle_a company_n and_o to_o the_o other_o mischievous_a casualty_n that_o may_v daily_o happen_v through_o the_o indiscretion_n and_o rashness_n and_o other_o weakness_n in_o stock_n or_o conduct_n of_o particular_a individual_a person_n exercise_v such_o traffic_n as_o for_o the_o east-india_n company_n they_o support_v the_o crown_n by_o the_o incredible_a custom_n which_o be_v yearly_o pay_v by_o it_o they_o bear_v a_o considerable_a proportion_n of_o public_a and_o necessary_a subsidy_n they_o enrich_v the_o nation_n by_o their_o importation_n they_o convert_v infidel_n or_o at_o least_o civilize_v they_o and_o make_v they_o more_o humane_a by_o their_o correspondency_n they_o employ_v vast_a number_n of_o poor_a people_n they_o negotiate_v vast_a sum_n of_o private_a person_n money_n which_o will_v otherwise_o lie_v dead_a or_o useless_a they_o educate_v and_o breed_v vast_a number_n of_o sea_n man_n for_o the_o service_n of_o war_n they_o build_v and_o employ_v vessel_n of_o great_a burden_n useful_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o public_a upon_o emergent_a occasion_n their_o naval_a force_n be_v part_n of_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n their_o trade_n fleet_n be_v both_o the_o glory_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o have_v improve_v and_o do_v maintain_v the_o spirit_n of_o commerce_n to_o that_o degree_n as_o preserve_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o our_o neighbour_n in_o its_o just_a proportion_n which_o company_n be_v it_o dissolve_v their_o trade_n and_o strength_n will_v increase_v and_o we_o decay_n and_o we_o shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o our_o primitive_a state_n of_o self-subsistance_n and_o our_o merchant_n now_o the_o pride_n of_o england_n and_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o world_n must_v become_v domestic_a pedlar_n for_o a_o home_n ignoble_a traffic_n from_o city_n to_o town_n and_o from_o town_n to_o ville_n &_o sic_fw-la retrorsum_fw-la for_o these_o reason_n be_v the_o ensue_a argument_n publish_v the_o argument_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n jeffreys_n concern_v the_o great_a case_n of_o monopoly_n plea_n i._o defendant_n demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n which_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la in_o which_o as_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v the_o penalty_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o ship_n and_o good_n one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o company_n and_o imprisonment_n be_v omit_v ii_o there_o be_v also_o a_o clause_n that_o the_o company_n may_v licence_n stranger_n or_o other_o and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o company_n give_v licence_n etc._n etc._n iii_o that_o none_o shall_v have_v a_o vote_n in_o the_o general_n assembly_n but_o he_o that_o have_v 500_o l._n stock_n iu._n and_o there_o be_v another_o clause_n which_o have_v not_o be_v mention_v by_o the_o council_n on_o either_o side_n that_o if_o it_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o that_o grant_v or_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o shall_v not_o be_v profitable_a to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n or_o to_o this_o realm_n that_o after_o three_o year_n warning_n under_o the_o privy_a seal_n or_o sign_n manuel_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v utter_o void_a for_o plea_n the_o defendant_n say_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v 15_o e._n 3._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v open_a for_o all_o merchant_n to_o pass_v with_o their_o merchandize_n where_o they_o please_v and_o that_o the_o defendant_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o act_n and_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v traffic_n within_o those_o place_n mention_v in_o the_o declaration_n without_o any_o licence_n and_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o company_n as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v declare_v prout_fw-la ei_fw-la bene_fw-la licuit_fw-la plaintiff_n demur_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o this_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n there_o be_v several_a matter_n discourse_v of_o but_o at_o length_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o side_n as_o i_o apprehend_v the_o case_n be_v resolve_v into_o these_o two_o point_n i._o whether_o these_o letter_n patent_n give_v or_o grant_v licence_n or_o liberty_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o exercise_v the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o grant_n with_o prohibition_n to_o all_o other_o be_v good_a in_o law._n ii_o admit_v the_o grant_v good_a whether_o this_o action_n be_v maintainable_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n now_o to_o let_v i_o into_o the_o debate_n of_o these_o two_o point_n i_o think_v not_o amiss_o to_o remember_v some_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v mention_v by_o the_o counsel_n that_o i_o think_v be_v no_o way_n in_o question_n i._o at_o this_o time_n i_o conceive_v therefore_o that_o whether_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o writ_n or_o otherwise_o by_o his_o absolute_a prerogative_n without_o give_v any_o reason_n be_v not_o the_o question_n nor_o sure_o be_v it_o ever_o think_v a_o question_n till_o it_o be_v late_o stir_v at_o
the_o bar._n for_o the_o writ_n in_o fitz._n n._n b._n 85._o and_o the_o register_n import_v no_o such_o thing_n and_o our_o book_n say_v the_o surmise_n mention_v in_o those_o writ_n be_v not_o traversable_a so_o be_v dyer_n 165._o &_o 296._o for_o sure_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o sea_n and_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o give_v any_o reason_n for_o his_o so_o do_v but_o that_o be_v not_o now_o in_o question_n ii_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o do_v not_o conceive_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n though_o much_o discourse_n have_v be_v about_o indian_n and_o infidel_n whether_o the_o east-indies_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_v of_o this_o patent_n inhabit_v by_o christian_n or_o infidel_n though_o by_o the_o way_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o this_o case_n i_o shall_v show_v perhaps_o that_o matter_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n affect_v the_o defendant_n but_o will_v not_o at_o all_o affect_v the_o grant_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v that_o whether_o this_o country_n or_o place_n or_o any_o other_o be_v inhabit_v by_o christian_n or_o infidel_n that_o be_v not_o otherwise_o provide_v for_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n will_v make_v but_o the_o same_o question_n iii_o whether_o every_o clause_n and_o article_n in_o these_o letter_n patent_n viz._n touch_v forfeiture_n of_o ship_n and_o good_n imprisonment_n or_o divers_a other_o clause_n contain_v in_o the_o charter_n be_v legal_a or_o not_o be_v not_o now_o in_o question_n for_o sure_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o maintain_v they_o all_o and_o therefore_o the_o plaintiff_n council_n have_v avoid_v those_o question_n by_o bring_v this_o action_n and_o though_o the_o defendant_n council_n have_v mention_v they_o yet_o sure_o it_o be_v only_o intend_v to_o full_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o that_o they_o think_v they_o to_o affect_v the_o question_n iu._n nor_o be_v it_o the_o question_n whether_o by_o this_o grant_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o king_n have_v fetter_v or_o confine_v his_o prerogative_n by_o put_v in_o a_o covenant_n to_o exclude_v himself_o from_o grant_v licence_n to_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o trade_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n charter_n though_o mr._n william_n always_o a_o friend_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o tenderness_n and_o care_n thereof_o seem_v to_o be_v surprise_v by_o the_o inconsiderate_a extravagancy_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v afflict_v with_o the_o dismal_a consequence_n that_o must_v necessary_o ensue_v by_o the_o king_n be_v part_v with_o so_o great_a a_o prerogative_n and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o advice_n consent_n or_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o his_o attorney_n general_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o council_n by_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o east_n india_n company_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o money_n than_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n in_o discharge_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o acquit_v they_o and_o we_o therefore_o of_o that_o dilemma_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n though_o it_o make_v nothing_o to_o the_o question_n that_o be_v now_o before_o we_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v licence_n to_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n notwithstanding_o the_o charter_n or_o any_o article_n clause_n or_o condition_n therein_o contain_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o notwithstanding_o any_o caution_n or_o advertisement_n that_o in_o his_o argument_n he_o give_v to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o reflection_n that_o he_o make_v upon_o his_o council_n either_o for_o their_o ignorance_n or_o hasly_a inadvertency_n in_o the_o pass_n of_o that_o grant_v and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o induce_v to_o be_v of_o that_o persuasion_n for_o that_o the_o most_o learned_a of_o our_o profession_n who_o opinion_n have_v be_v quote_v by_o he_o and_o other_o that_o have_v argue_v on_o the_o defendant_n side_n be_v then_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o be_v privy_a to_o and_o advise_v both_o these_o letter_n patent_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o have_v be_v grant_v for_o these_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v i_o therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v that_o i_o believe_v mr._n attorney_n general_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n council_n have_v discharge_v their_o duty_n as_o well_o to_o the_o king_n by_o maintain_v of_o this_o grant_n as_o mr._n williams_n have_v in_o this_o instance_n manifest_v his_o loyalty_n by_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v it_o in_o short_a therefore_o as_o i_o say_v before_o every_o clause_n in_o this_o charter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o affect_v the_o question_n now_o to_o be_v determine_v v._o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v object_v that_o though_o upon_o the_o plead_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o defendant_n never_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n nor_o have_v any_o licence_n from_o they_o to_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n yet_o he_o may_v have_v a_o licence_n from_o the_o king_n which_o as_o i_o conceive_v the_o king_n be_v not_o debar_v to_o grant_v by_o any_o clause_n in_o the_o letter_n patent_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o defendant_n have_v any_o such_o licence_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v show_v on_o his_o part_n which_o not_o be_v do_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v by_o we_o as_o i_o believe_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v the_o defendant_n never_o have_v any_o such_o licence_n vi_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o their_o declaration_n have_v allege_v that_o this_o trade_n can_v not_o be_v manage_v but_o per_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la corpus_fw-la corporatum_fw-la and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v exclude_v the_o king_n from_o constitute_v any_o more_o company_n to_o trade_n within_o their_o limit_n though_o perhaps_o the_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n may_v hereafter_o require_v it_o nay_o though_o the_o indian_n may_v desire_v a_o further_a treaty_n of_o commerce_n or_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o these_o place_n may_v require_v more_o company_n to_o be_v erect_v yet_o say_v they_o this_o grant_n have_v make_v the_o plaintiff_n a_o mere_a republic_n and_o thereby_o have_v alter_v the_o constitution_n of_o england_n in_o the_o management_n of_o trade_n by_o commonwealth_n by_o place_v it_o in_o company_n who_o be_v they_o independent_a upon_o the_o crown_n be_v true_o so_o call_v yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o i_o do_v before_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o by_o this_o grant_n either_o exclude_v from_o make_v any_o new_a treaty_n with_o the_o indian_n or_o from_o make_v any_o corporation_n or_o grant_v any_o other_o licence_n to_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o subject_n notwithstanding_o any_o of_o the_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n so_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o that_o objection_n also_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o question_n now_o to_o be_v determine_v and_o for_o that_o reason_n among_o other_o i_o think_v it_o not_o improper_a to_o mention_v that_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n that_o be_v omit_v at_o the_o bar_n which_o the_o king_n have_v annex_v as_o a_o condition_n to_o his_o grant_n that_o if_o it_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o that_o grant_v or_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o any_o part_n shall_v not_o be_v profitable_a to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o his_o successor_n or_o to_o this_o realm_n that_o after_o three_o year_n warning_n by_o war_n under_o the_o king_n seal_n or_o sign_n manual_n shall_v be_v make_v utter_o void_a so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n have_v neither_o divest_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n nor_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_n do_v design_n to_o be_v prevent_v to_o show_v his_o inclination_n for_o the_o promote_a of_o the_o advantage_n of_o his_o kingdom_n have_v give_v himself_o scope_n enough_o to_o obviate_v all_o those_o emergency_n yet_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o mr._n williams_n to_o show_v his_o dislike_n to_o a_o commonwealth_n declare_v it_o to_o be_v absolute_o opposite_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o single_a person_n but_o the_o single_a person_n he_o concern_v himself_o for_o be_v not_o the_o king_n and_o his_o prerogative_n but_o his_o client_n the_o defendant_n and_o his_o trade_n who_o though_o i_o can_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n call_v a_o commonwealth_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o think_v this_o opposition_n of_o he_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o a_o republican_n principle_n for_o he_o by_o his_o interlope_n have_v be_v the_o first_o subject_n that_o within_o this_o kingdom_n for_o near_a a_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v have_v in_o westminster-hall_n public_o oppose_v himself_o against_o the_o king_n undoubted_a prerogative_n in_o the_o grant_v now_o before_o we_o and_o i_o hope_v by_o this_o example_n
thereunto_o i_o premise_v only_o this_o that_o in_o all_o those_o country_n where_o society_n of_o trade_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o as_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n monopoly_n be_v forbid_v and_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v by_o their_o law_n as_o they_o can_v be_v by_o the_o common_a and_o statute-law_n of_o england_n viz._n in_o holland_n germany_n france_n spain_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o where_o ever_o the_o civil_a law_n prevail_v monopoly_n be_v punish_v with_o confiscation_n of_o good_n and_o banishment_n c._n de_fw-fr monopoliis_fw-la &_o cens._n forens_n part_n 1._o fol._n 497._o now_o though_o monopoly_n be_v forbid_v yet_o that_o can_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v so_o universal_o true_a as_o no_o general_a law_n can_v ever_o be_v that_o it_o shall_v in_o no_o respect_n and_o upon_o no_o occasion_n or_o emergency_n whatsoever_o admit_v of_o any_o exception_n or_o limitation_n the_o exception_n thereof_o may_v be_v such_o as_o these_o i._o though_o no_o private_a person_n can_v have_v the_o sole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o private_a authority_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v grant_v to_o a_o public_a society_n by_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o prince_n if_o ii_o it_o be_v upon_o good_a cause_n and_o for_o the_o public_a advantage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n iii_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o beginning_n and_o carry_v on_o such_o trade_n and_o foreign_a commerce_n which_o can_v be_v only_o do_v by_o company_n and_o society_n iv._o such_o company_n and_o society_n ought_v to_o be_v continue_v and_o support_v upon_o the_o natural_a equity_n and_o justice_n that_o no_o other_o person_n shall_v be_v permit_v either_o to_o reap_v the_o profit_n or_o to_o endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o what_o have_v be_v begin_v and_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o they_o with_o great_a hazard_n and_o expense_n now_o in_o as_o much_o as_o foreign_a trade_n can_v never_o be_v of_o advantage_n to_o this_o kingdom_n except_o the_o balance_n be_v keep_v equal_a between_o this_o and_o other_o country_n which_o can_v never_o be_v do_v but_o by_o keep_v up_o to_o proportionable_a rule_n for_o the_o regulation_n thereof_o with_o the_o other_o country_n and_o because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n seem_v too_o scanty_a for_o that_o purpose_n i_o will_v therefore_o first_o consider_v how_o this_o question_n stand_v as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o then_o how_o it_o be_v consider_v by_o our_o law_n produce_v authority_n in_o both_o to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o because_o i_o think_v the_o former_a more_o natural_a and_o effectual_a for_o the_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n make_v i_o more_o inquisitive_a than_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v cujacius_n lib._n 16._o obser_n 23._o distinguish_n inter_fw-la monopolia_fw-la licita_fw-la &_o illicita_fw-la licitum_fw-la monopolium_n say_v he_o est_z si_fw-la certis_fw-la personis_fw-la vel_fw-la quod_fw-la potius_fw-la est_fw-la certo_fw-la collegio_fw-la concesserit_fw-la princeps_fw-la ut_fw-la ei_fw-la soli_fw-la jus_fw-la sit_fw-la vendendi_fw-la certae_fw-la mercis_fw-la and_o therefore_o recite_v a_o law_n of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n by_o which_o certain_a governor_n of_o commerce_n be_v appoint_v edictali_fw-la lege_fw-la sancita_fw-la ut_fw-la nulli_fw-la mercatori_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la designata_fw-la loca_fw-la temporibus_fw-la praestitutis_fw-la ad_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la suae_fw-la species_n distrahendas_fw-la passim_fw-la liceret_fw-la accedere_fw-la etc._n etc._n carpzovire_n in_o his_o decision_n before_o mention_v lib._n 2._o decis_fw-la 105._o n._n 13_o &_o 14._o make_v this_o no_o new_a case_n et_fw-la certe_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la novum_fw-la modum_fw-la commerciis_fw-la quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la liberrima_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la poni_fw-la ex_fw-la causa_fw-la nimirum_fw-la publicae_fw-la utilitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la monopolia_fw-la alius_fw-la prohibita_fw-la jure_fw-la subsistunt_fw-la and_o again_o exempla_fw-la haud_fw-la rara_fw-la sunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la necessitat_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la principis_fw-la monopolia_fw-la quandoque_fw-la probari_fw-la commercia_fw-la ad_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la &_o loca_fw-la restringi_fw-la videmus_fw-la idem_fw-la decis_fw-la 4._o n._n 10._o &_o n._n 13._o nimirum_fw-la exercitium_fw-la ac_fw-la permissio_fw-la monopoliorum_fw-la à _fw-la principis_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la dependet_fw-la etc._n etc._n scacca_n de_fw-fr commerciâ—s_n q._n 7._o fol._n 301._o n._n 15._o hoc_fw-la non_fw-la procedit_fw-la in_o monopolio_fw-la autoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la sive_fw-la reipub._n contracto_fw-la quia_fw-la sicut_fw-la monopolia_fw-la privatâ_fw-la autoritate_fw-la contracta_fw-la reipub._n sunt_fw-la perniciosa_fw-la ita_fw-la haec_fw-la quae_fw-la legis_fw-la autoritate_fw-la ex_fw-la justa_fw-la contrahuntur_fw-la causa_fw-la reipub._n valde_fw-la utilia_fw-la sunt_fw-la grotius_n de_fw-fr j._n b._n &_o p._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 12._o sect_n 16._o monopolia_fw-la non_fw-la omne_fw-la cum_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la pugnant_fw-la nam_fw-la possunt_fw-la interdum_fw-la à _fw-la summa_fw-la potestate_fw-la permitti_fw-la justa_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la &_o pretio_fw-la he_o give_v among_o other_o these_o two_o example_n i._o from_o the_o history_n of_o joseph_n when_o he_o be_v viceroy_n in_o egypt_n which_o be_v say_v he_o a_o illustrious_a instance_n of_o this_o matter_n ii_o that_o under_o the_o roman_n the_o alexandrian_n have_v the_o sole_a trade_n for_o all_o indian_a and_o ethiopick_n commodity_n so_o thuanus_n lib._n 32._o give_v a_o instance_n of_o a_o grant_n from_o the_o french_a king_n an_z 1604._o for_o the_o sole_a trade_n into_o canada_n or_o new_a france_n for_o which_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n ne_o gravis_fw-la esset_fw-la aerario_fw-la ad_fw-la sublevandos_fw-la navigationis_fw-la illinc_fw-la institutae_fw-la sumptus_fw-la which_o i_o conceive_v will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n in_o support_v all_o such_o trade_n company_n as_o can_v be_v begin_v but_o by_o a_o public_a expense_n c._n de_fw-fr monopoliis_fw-la the_o prohibition_n be_v express_o limit_v nisi_fw-la privilegium_fw-la vel_fw-la alia_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la in_o utilitatem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vergens_fw-la resistat_fw-la mercatura_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la indifferens_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la magistratus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o vetando_fw-la vel_fw-la permittendo_fw-la svam_fw-la pro_fw-la commodo_fw-la reipub._n potest_fw-la interponere_fw-la autoritatem_fw-la salmas_n de_fw-fr foe_n trapezit_n fol._n 236._o hoc_fw-la solum_fw-la permissum_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la possit_fw-la prohibere_fw-la ne_fw-la aliis_fw-la vendat_fw-la salem_fw-la alciat_fw-la in_o q._n inter_fw-la publica_fw-la 17._o in_o fin._n f._n de_fw-fr verb._n sign_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n practise_v in_o france_n thuan._n lib._n 5._o sic_fw-la in_o sale_n vendensi_fw-la monopolia_fw-la etiam_fw-la hodie_fw-la in_o italiâ_fw-la licite_fw-la exerceri_fw-la è_fw-la superiorum_fw-la permissione_n scaccha_fw-la de_fw-la mercat_n part_n 4._o n._n 30._o sic_fw-la in_o reipub._n lubecensi_fw-la certis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la ob_fw-la praedictas_fw-la rationes_fw-la jus_fw-la coquendi_fw-la sacchari_fw-la &_o salis_fw-la speciali_fw-la privilegio_fw-la concessum_fw-la est_fw-la marguard_n lib._n 4._o c._n 7._o n._n 29._o and_o then_o as_o to_o the_o usage_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la communissima_fw-la omnium_fw-la nullo_n prorsus_fw-la reluctante_fw-la doctorum_fw-la sententia_fw-la quod_fw-la jura_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la emporalia_fw-la &_o regalia_z possunt_fw-la acquiri_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la per_fw-la concessionem_fw-la summi_fw-la principis_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la &_o praescriptione_n lessius_fw-la de_fw-la justitia_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 22._o dub._n 21._o by_o the_o imperial_a law_n commerce_n and_o traffic_n have_v receive_v several_a other_o limitation_n sometime_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v forbid_v to_o trade_n to_o certain_a place_n particular_o name_v and_o in_o general_a by_o other_o constitution_n forbid_v to_o export_v coin_n gold_n or_o arm_n to_o any_o of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n and_o that_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o nation_n be_v so_o the_o practice_n do_v evince_n and_o first_o in_o germany_n where_o the_o law_n prohibit_v all_o monopoly_n yet_o see_v how_o the_o law_n there_o stand_v in_o respect_n of_o our_o case_n circa_n monopolia_fw-la autem_fw-la quae_fw-la exercentur_fw-la adversus_fw-la cives_fw-la observandum_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la illicitum_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la cuivis_fw-la quodvis_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la genus_fw-la exercere_fw-la conceditur_fw-la sed_fw-la illis_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la idem_fw-la exercendum_fw-la juxta_fw-la instituta_fw-la civitatis_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_fw-la quaesiverunt_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la in_o rebuspub_fw-la europaeis_n tecta_fw-la quaedam_fw-la praestitisse_fw-la oportet_fw-la eum_fw-la qui_fw-la mercatorium_fw-la aut_fw-la opificium_fw-la aliquod_fw-la t'allure_v vult_fw-la this_o as_o to_o corporation_n as_o to_o trade_n society_n thus_o sed_fw-la &_o fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la ut_fw-la à _fw-la summa_fw-la potestate_fw-la societati_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la indulgeatur_fw-la certum_fw-la genus_fw-la mercium_fw-la ex_fw-la certis_fw-la locis_fw-la advehere_fw-la exclusis_fw-la reliquis_fw-la cujus_fw-la privilegii_fw-la concedendi_fw-la variae_fw-la possunt_fw-la esse_fw-la causae_fw-la i._o nam_fw-la commercia_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la loca_fw-la remotissima_fw-la instituerentur_fw-la priusquam_fw-la rite_n stabiliantur_fw-la magnos_fw-la requirunt_fw-la