Selected quad for the lemma: reason_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
reason_n	interpret_v	interpretation_n	use_v	2,613	5	9.5757	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09487	The counsellor of estate Contayning the greates and most remarkeable considerations seruing for the managing of publicke affaires. Diuided into three parts. The first contaynes the meanes to settle an estate. The secund, the meanes to perserue it. And the third, the meanes to encrease it. Written in French by one of the ancient counsellors to the most Christian kings, Henry the Fourth, and Levvis the thirteenth. Translated by E.G.; Conseiller d'estat. English	Béthune, Philippe de, comte de Selles et de Charost, 1561-1649.; Grimeston, Edward.	1634 (1634)	STC 1977; ESTC S101680	238,642	366

time_n and_o the_o affair_n so_o require_v it_o they_o may_v continue_v they_o to_o the_o same_o person_n if_o he_o think_v it_o fit_a if_o not_o he_o may_v take_v they_o into_o his_o hand_n and_o deliver_v they_o to_o other_o without_o any_o cause_n of_o discontentment_n to_o those_o from_o who_o he_o have_v take_v they_o for_o this_o express_a limitation_n of_o time_n will_v work_v two_o effect_n the_o one_o that_o they_o which_o be_v advance_v to_o these_o place_n enter_v into_o they_o will_v resolve_v to_o leave_v they_o the_o other_o that_o be_v certain_a they_o must_v go_v forth_o they_o will_v never_o think_v to_o become_v master_n and_o settle_v themselves_o whereas_o the_o time_n not_o be_v limit_v every_o one_o will_v strive_v to_o continue_v in_o his_o place_n and_o there_o to_o build_v his_o design_n but_o also_o will_v desire_v to_o bring_v in_o after_o he_o some_o one_o of_o his_o child_n or_o kinsman_n and_o if_o the_o prince_n desire_v to_o retire_v he_o he_o must_v buy_v his_o place_n of_o he_o or_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v buy_v by_o some_o other_o which_o be_v to_o bring_v in_o a_o venality_n more_o shameful_a and_o dangerous_a in_o a_o estate_n than_o any_o other_o abuse_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v we_o will_v therefore_o conclude_v that_o this_o change_n in_o the_o government_n of_o province_n and_o the_o command_n of_o great_a troop_n or_o company_n be_v it_o of_o soldier_n or_o other_o which_o have_v great_a authority_n in_o the_o estate_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o subject_n but_o for_o that_o in_o do_v this_o altogether_o they_o which_o will_v desire_v to_o continue_v in_o their_o charge_n change_n may_v plot_v together_o and_o trouble_v the_o estate_n to_o maintain_v themselves_o he_o must_v change_v they_o one_o after_o another_o cause_v the_o time_n of_o their_o charge_n to_o expire_v at_o diverse_a term_n there_o there_o be_v another_o consideration_n which_o have_v be_v discreet_o and_o wise_o make_v in_o great_a estate_n not_o to_o give_v great_a command_n in_o a_o province_n to_o those_o which_o be_v native_n not_o only_o to_o avoid_v the_o injustice_n which_o such_o person_n may_v commit_v as_o well_o in_o favour_n of_o their_o kinsfolk_n and_o friend_n as_o in_o hatred_n of_o their_o enemy_n but_o also_o to_o avoid_v the_o contempt_n of_o his_o authority_n which_o give_v these_o charge_n which_o proceed_v common_o from_o the_o jealousy_n of_o those_o of_o the_o country_n who_o hold_v themselves_o equal_a and_o sometime_o great_a than_o he_o that_o be_v advance_v but_o if_o he_o that_o be_v make_v governor_n be_v so_o great_a as_o they_o need_v not_o fear_v this_o jealousy_n yet_o the_o prince_n must_v make_v use_n of_o this_o mean_n to_o avoid_v the_o swell_a authority_n which_o he_o may_v get_v in_o the_o province_n by_o his_o own_o mean_n or_o by_o that_o of_o his_o kinsfolk_n and_o friend_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o master_n our_o ancient_a ordinance_n conformable_a therein_o to_o those_o of_o the_o roman_n have_v therein_o very_o well_o provide_v especial_o in_o regard_n of_o bayleife_n and_o seneshal_n who_o be_v the_o ancient_a governor_n but_o they_o have_v be_v and_o be_v yet_o very_o ill_o govern_v and_o observe_v it_o avail_v not_o to_o say_v that_o to_o facilitate_v the_o obedience_n of_o subject_n they_o have_v be_v force_v to_o take_v this_o course_n the_o subject_n obey_v more_o willing_o one_o of_o his_o province_n who_o he_o think_v will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n like_o himself_o for_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o good_a thereof_o the_o which_o a_o stranger_n and_o unknown_a unto_o he_o will_v not_o do_v who_o he_o imagine_v to_o be_v unlike_a in_o humour_n and_o will_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v the_o prince_n subject_n to_o his_o officer_n and_o to_o make_v the_o obedience_n of_o the_o people_n depend_v more_o on_o the_o credit_n which_o the_o officer_n have_v then_o of_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o prince_n ought_v to_o have_v over_o his_o subject_n who_o obey_v not_o the_o prince_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o officer_n and_o the_o officer_n lose_v his_o credit_n the_o prince_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o obey_v but_o if_o in_o a_o new_a estate_n to_o settle_v himself_o it_o be_v very_o fit_v to_o make_v use_n of_o those_o which_o have_v most_o credit_n with_o his_o subject_n the_o prince_n authority_n have_v not_o yet_o take_v root_n in_o their_o mind_n but_o i_o will_v not_o thereby_o infer_v that_o he_o must_v continue_v it_o but_o contrariwise_o this_o authority_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o settle_v it_o absolute_o the_o obedience_n must_v immediate_o depend_v and_o they_o must_v obey_v the_o officer_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o have_v authority_n from_o the_o prince_n and_o not_o for_o the_o particular_a credit_n he_o have_v among_o the_o people_n chap._n 30._o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o principal_a officer_n and_o magistrate_n as_o for_o the_o support_n of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o the_o head_n be_v in_o good_a estate_n but_o the_o other_o member_n in_o like_a manner_n must_v do_v their_o function_n so_o in_o a_o estate_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o prince_n to_o do_v his_o duty_n but_o the_o officer_n and_o especial_o the_o principal_a magistrate_n of_o the_o estate_n shall_v likewise_o do_v they_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v tedious_a if_o i_o will_v relate_v here_o all_o the_o whole_a duty_n of_o every_o officer_n only_o i_o will_v deliver_v in_o general_a term_n that_o which_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o such_o as_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o command_n together_o or_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o divide_v as_o those_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a and_o worthy_a of_o observation_n in_o the_o manage_v of_o the_o estate_n their_o duty_n be_v consider_v in_o four_o diverse_a subject_n either_o towards_o the_o law_n or_o towards_o the_o sovereign_n commandment_n consist_v or_o towards_o the_o other_o magistrate_n or_o towards_o private_a person_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o law_n we_o comprehend_v the_o ordinance_n and_o custom_n which_o oblige_v the_o general_a for_o the_o regard_n of_o ordinance_n the_o duty_n of_o the_o principal_a magistrate_n be_v law_n to_o examine_v those_o which_o they_o will_v make_v in_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o justice_n decency_n and_o public_a profit_n and_o commodity_n and_o from_o the_o consequence_n to_o make_v their_o remonstrance_n unto_o the_o sovereign_n before_o they_o declare_v or_o publish_v they_o if_o they_o find_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v reform_v and_o amend_v as_o for_o those_o which_o be_v already_o receive_v they_o must_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v strict_o observe_v and_o restore_v the_o old_a abolish_v for_o want_n of_o use_n before_o they_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a unjust_a thing_n and_o resent_v tyranny_n after_o they_o have_v for_o a_o long_a season_n contemn_v a_o ordinance_n to_o proceed_v sudden_o against_o those_o who_o have_v not_o observe_v it_o have_v make_v a_o breach_n the_o common_a error_n be_v not_o only_o excusable_a but_o also_o hold_v for_o a_o law_n if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o resist_v but_o for_o that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o govern_v a_o estate_n for_o that_o they_o ordain_v only_o in_o general_n the_o lawgiver_n or_o prince_n be_v unable_a to_o foresee_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o particularity_n which_o happen_v in_o affair_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o magistrate_n be_v establish_v to_o examine_v the_o particularity_n and_o to_o accommodate_v the_o law_n thereunto_o by_o a_o just_a and_o upright_o interpretation_n the_o which_o be_v take_v either_o from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n or_o from_o the_o intention_n of_o he_o that_o make_v it_o or_o by_o the_o induction_n or_o conclusion_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n law_n you_o must_v observe_v these_o rule_n first_o not_o to_o take_v they_o nor_o interpret_v they_o contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n second_o you_o must_v see_v if_o the_o other_o clause_n of_o the_o law_n do_v correspond_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o interpretation_n which_o we_o give_v but_o if_o by_o reason_n of_o ambiguity_n and_o the_o diverse_a signification_n of_o word_n there_o be_v obscurity_n they_o must_v seek_v the_o proper_a signification_n either_o from_o the_o common_a manner_n of_o speak_v or_o from_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o that_o draw_v the_o law_n if_o it_o do_v not_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n have_v be_v whole_o contrary_a to_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o word_n if_o there_o be_v find_v a_o double_a interpretation_n take_v from_o the_o propriety_n of_o word_n and_o

the_o common_a use_n of_o speak_v they_o shall_v follow_v the_o mild_a and_o if_o the_o word_n be_v obscure_a they_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o custom_n and_o to_o that_o which_o be_v practise_v in_o that_o regard_n but_o if_o the_o interpretation_n be_v notwithstanding_o doubtful_a they_o must_v follow_v that_o which_o shall_v be_v most_o proper_a for_o the_o matter_n to_o the_o which_o it_o must_v be_v refer_v and_o if_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o they_o can_v draw_v any_o interpretation_n suitable_a to_o the_o business_n or_o to_o reason_n he_o must_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o those_o who_o have_v make_v the_o law_n or_o cause_v a_o declaration_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o sovereign_n thus_o the_o magistrate_n must_v carry_v himself_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n law_n but_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n there_o be_v other_o rule_n either_o they_o restrain_v the_o ordinance_n to_o certain_a ●ases_n or_o they_o extend_v they_o to_o many_o other_o than_o those_o which_o be_v specify_v they_o restrain_v the_o ordinance_n common_o when_o as_o the_o reason_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o ordinance_n do_v not_o extend_v but_o to_o certain_a case_n and_o cease_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o regard_n of_o certain_a circumstance_n for_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n fail_v the_o disposition_n can_v take_v no_o place_n but_o to_o seek_v out_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n we_o must_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v express_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o or_o gather_v by_o the_o interpreter_n and_o to_o draw_v from_o thence_o the_o condition_n of_o thing_n whereof_o the_o law_n speak_v or_o if_o it_o be_v uncertain_a for_o if_o it_o be_v express_v by_o the_o law_n either_o the_o law_n be_v formal_a in_o the_o case_n that_o it_o be_v in_o question_n and_o then_o without_o doubt_n the_o law_n must_v be_v follow_v or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o formal_a you_o must_v consider_v whether_o there_o be_v not_o some_o contrary_a circumstance_n which_o hinder_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n that_o it_o take_v not_o place_n in_o the_o business_n that_o be_v in_o question_n and_o they_o shall_v do_v the_o like_a if_o the_o reason_n be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o execution_n whereof_o they_o treat_v but_o in_o another_o fact_n upon_o another_o subject_n but_o if_o the_o reason_n be_v gather_v from_o interpreter_n you_o must_v see_v if_o they_o can_v yield_v no_o better_o and_o then_o you_o must_v follow_v it_o restrain_v it_o if_o it_o be_v particular_a and_o extend_v it_o if_o it_o be_v general_a but_o if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a and_o ordain_v general_o you_o may_v not_o in_o this_o doubt_n in_o any_o sort_n restrain_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o law_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v odious_a and_o hurtful_a and_o whereas_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v limit_v in_o certain_a case_n they_o must_v not_o easy_o extend_v it_o to_o other_o upon_o pretext_n of_o equity_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o identite_n of_o reason_n especial_o in_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n whereas_o the_o case_n not_o express_v be_v hold_v for_o omit_v but_o in_o such_o occurrent_n they_o shall_v govern_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n to_o the_o which_o all_o the_o ordinance_n if_o it_o may_v be_v must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o estate_n uniformity_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o natural_a equity_n follow_v whereby_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v govern_v and_o regulate_v wherefore_o the_o case_n not_o be_v express_v in_o the_o law_n law_n but_o only_o the_o reason_n be_v know_v whereon_o the_o law_n be_v ground_v it_o shall_v be_v easy_a to_o examine_v if_o this_o reason_n may_v take_v place_n in_o that_o which_o present_v itself_o in_o conclude_v from_o the_o general_a to_o the_o particular_a from_o the_o principal_a to_o the_o accessary_a and_o by_o the_o other_o mean_n of_o induction_n thus_o allow_v one_o of_o the_o contrary_n which_o have_v no_o mean_a we_o may_v induce_v that_o the_o other_o be_v forbid_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o the_o law_n forbid_v one_o thing_n to_o avoid_v a_o mischief_n which_o may_v follow_v we_o may_v induce_v that_o it_o likewise_o forbid_v all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v breed_v the_o like_a mischief_n although_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o so_o many_o consequence_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o law_n and_o refer_v to_o diverse_a example_n whereof_o the_o reason_n will_v be_v easy_a to_o apply_v from_o one_o to_o another_o wherefore_o to_o recollect_v myself_o equity_n and_o to_o explain_v more_o at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v as_o long_o as_o the_o law_n be_v certain_a we_o must_v stand_v firm_a to_o its_o authority_n and_o make_v no_o subtle_a distinction_n upon_o equity_n for_o that_o the_o law_n be_v publish_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o their_o term_n and_o tenor_n and_o not_o to_o be_v dispute_v of_o i_o say_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o not_o obscure_a but_o if_o it_o be_v obscure_a they_o shall_v follow_v the_o interpretation_n that_o be_v most_o receive_v by_o use_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o contrary_a to_o natural_a reason_n but_o if_o use_n fail_v we_o we_o must_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n follow_v that_o which_o be_v support_v by_o example_n yet_o we_o must_v examine_v the_o example_n due_o to_o see_v if_o they_o agree_v in_o the_o cause_n and_o principal_a circumstance_n when_o as_o use_v and_o example_n fail_v they_o shall_v choose_v the_o opinion_n which_o shall_v approach_v near_o to_o natural_a equity_n then_o to_o rigour_n and_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v more_o conformable_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n then_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o subtle_a interpretation_n of_o word_n and_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v take_v from_o the_o true_a interpretation_n of_o word_n then_o from_o similitude_n and_o conjecture_n for_o that_o all_o similitude_n halt_v and_o conjecture_n never_o conclude_v direct_o or_o from_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v receive_v or_o most_o conformable_a to_o that_o which_o the_o ancient_n have_v hold_v for_o that_o we_o may_v not_o slight_o leave_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a but_o when_o we_o can_v judge_v which_o opinion_n be_v the_o most_o just_a we_o must_v consider_v which_o be_v the_o safe_a and_o that_o which_o be_v approve_v by_o most_o man_n and_o by_o the_o wise_a more_o sortable_a to_o the_o business_n that_o be_v in_o question_n and_o which_o have_v in_o it_o less_o inconvenience_n behold_v how_o the_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o carry_v himself_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n ordinance_n the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o magistrate_n duty_n be_v the_o execution_n for_o the_o which_o he_o must_v enter_v into_o other_o consideration_n and_o first_o from_o what_o time_n the_o law_n or_o ordinance_n ought_v to_o take_v place_n when_o they_o bind_v the_o subject_n and_o who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o first_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o last_o ordinance_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o precedent_n bind_v derogate_a from_o they_o but_o the_o last_o can_v take_v place_n but_o for_o difference_n to_o come_v and_o not_o for_o those_o which_o be_v decide_v or_o hang_v in_o judgement_n by_o appeal_n and_o the_o ordinance_n be_v in_o force_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o publication_n and_o from_o that_o time_n it_o bind_v every_o man_n for_o the_o future_a which_o be_v for_o the_o second_o point_n 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o three_o the_o prince_n law_n do_v not_o bind_v the_o subject_n which_o be_v go_v to_o reside_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o another_o prince_n yet_o if_o the_o ordinance_n be_v prohibitive_a they_o must_v consider_v if_o the_o prohibition_n or_o defence_n be_v make_v in_o regard_n of_o something_o which_o be_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o which_o have_v make_v the_o ordinance_n for_o then_o a_o stranger_n or_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n shall_v be_v bind_v but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o person_n that_o the_o prohibition_n be_v make_v and_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o prince_n subject_n be_v bind_v not_o to_o contradict_v it_o although_o he_o remain_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o another_o prince_n but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o hatred_n of_o the_o subject_n he_o that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o sovereign_n which_o have_v make_v the_o ordinance_n be_v not_o bind_v if_o the_o prohibition_n be_v make_v for_o solemnity_n which_o they_o desire_v to_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o act_n it_o do_v not_o oblige_v the_o subject_n out_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o his_o prince_n for_o that_o

it_o behoove_v he_o to_o make_v as_o for_o that_o they_o be_v more_o durable_a and_o no_o less_o profitable_a than_o the_o other_o chap._n 36._o of_o fortress_n and_o of_o their_o profit_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o a_o estate_n fortress_n do_v also_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o force_n of_o a_o estate_n and_o they_o which_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o build_v any_o have_v be_v confute_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o use_v so_o as_o there_o have_v be_v few_o find_v unless_o they_o be_v some_o petty_a popular_a estate_n that_o will_v follow_v their_o council_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n who_o have_v less_o need_n during_o their_o empire_n than_o any_o other_o estate_n for_o that_o all_o submit_v themselves_o under_o their_o yoke_n entertain_v citadel_n at_o corinth_n tarentum_n and_o rhegium_n and_o if_o the_o capitol_n have_v not_o be_v strong_a the_o empire_n of_o rome_n have_v be_v smother_v in_o the_o cradle_n by_o the_o gaul_n the_o estate_n in_o which_o be_v no_o strong_a place_n be_v conquer_v by_o one_o battle_n england_n have_v testify_v it_o and_o the_o persian_a rely_v only_o in_o the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n have_v lose_v in_o one_o battle_n a_o great_a extent_n of_o his_o country_n the_o which_o the_o turk_n have_v since_o preserve_v by_o fort_n for_o although_o that_o fortress_n alone_o can_v much_o assist_v a_o estate_n yet_o be_v second_v by_o arm_n they_o make_v it_o invincible_a and_o there_o be_v no_o army_n on_o foot_n they_o give_v you_o leisure_n to_o raise_v they_o and_o after_o a_o rout_n to_o rally_v your_o man_n together_o to_o ●enew_v the_o war_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o to_o say_v that_o the_o estate_n which_o have_v most_o sort_n be_v the_o strong_a for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o guard_v many_o w●ll_n and_o some_o be_v ill_o guard_v they_o prove_v more_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o estate_n then_o profitable_a for_o the_o defence_n it_o must_v therefore_o have_v few_o but_o well_o furnish_v with_o man_n victual_n and_o munition_n of_o wa●re_n they_o must_v likewise_o be_v in_o a_o necessary_a situation_n or_o at_o least_o profitable_a profitable_a necessary_a situation_n be_v those_o which_o be_v unfortify_v make_v the_o country_n to_o lie_v open_a and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n profitable_a situation_n be_v those_o by_o whose_o mean_n they_o may_v guard_v a_o rich_a town_n and_o well_o inhabit_v and_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o retreat_n unto_o the_o people_n they_o must_v likewise_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o estate_n estate_n to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n and_o danger_n far_o from_o it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o while_o the_o enemy_n bu●●es_v himself_o in_o assail_a they_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n may_v be_v in_o peace_n and_o we_o may_v have_v mean_n to_o prepare_v ourselves_o to_o resist_v he_o and_o if_o the_o fort_n be_v not_o only_o far_o off_o but_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n they_o will_v be_v the_o more_o safe_a for_o they_o will_v not_o only_o give_v we_o mean_n to_o defend_v ourselves_o but_o also_o to_o annoy_v our_o enemy_n in_o his_o own_o country_n beside_o this_o art_n fort_n ought_v to_o be_v strong_a both_o by_o situation_n and_o by_o fortification_n fort_n strong_a by_o situation_n be_v those_o which_o be_v build_v upon_o high_a and_o sharp_a mountain_n and_o of_o hard_a access_n or_o which_o be_v ●uironed_v with_o la●es_n the_o se●_n pool_n ri●er●_n and_o marsh_n and_o have_v all_o commodity_n necessary_a for_o the_o entertainment_n and_o succour_n of_o a_o garrison_n those_o be_v strong_a by_o hand_n which_o be_v flank_v to_o purpose_n with_o a_o good_a wall_n a_o large_a and_o sound_a rampire_n of_o earth_n with_o abroad_o and_o deep_a ditch_n and_o they_o must_v make_v more_o account_n of_o the_o rampire_n then_o of_o the_o wal●_n and_o of_o the_o ditch_n than_o the_o rampire_n a_o fort_n must_v likewise_o be_v great_a to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v capable_a of_o many_o m●●_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n the_o more_o 〈◊〉_d be_v able_a to_o entrench_v themselves_o within_o relieve_v it_o must_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v situate_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v be_v relieve_v for_o soon_o or_o late_o they_o take_v that_o place_n by_o force_n or_o obstinacy_n of_o a_o siege_n which_o be_v not_o relieve_v wherefore_o they_o have_v hold_v those_o place_n strong_a which_o have_v a_o port_n of_o the_o sea_n hard_o to_o stop_v up_o and_o be_v not_o command_v for_o this_o back_n door_n make_v they_o as_o it_o be_v impregnable_a have_v mean_n daily_o to_o receive_v refresh_v of_o victual_n munition_n and_o man_n and_o to_o discharge_v themselves_o of_o their_o wound_a and_o unprofitable_a mouth_n for_o defence_n and_o although_o that_o the_o situation_n of_o a_o place_n be_v strong_a for_o defence_n and_o such_o in_o some_o part_n as_o they_o hold_v it_o inaccessible_a yet_o they_o may_v not_o forbear_v to_o add_v what_o they_o can_v to_o make_v it_o strong_a for_o we_o have_v see_v that_o many_o place_n have_v be_v take_v by_o those_o part_n which_o they_o have_v neglect_v to_o fortify_v for_o that_o they_o hold_v they_o inaccessible_a so_o carthage_n be_v take_v by_o scipio_n towards_o the_o pool_n antiochu●_n the_o great_a take_v sardis_n by_o that_o part_n which_o be_v the_o strong_a where_o he_o find_v there_o be_v not_o any_o sentinel_n s●ing_v bird_n to_o build_v their_o nest_n there_o without_o any_o disturbance_n chap._n 37._o of_o the_o warlike_a discipline_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o force_n of_o a_o estate_n consist_v in_o the_o warlike_a discipline_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o soldier_n of_o good_a experience_n and_o well_o discipline_v and_o herein_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o force_n do_v not_o always_o consist_v in_o the_o number_n but_o in_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o in_o the_o experience_n or_o conduct_v of_o the_o commander_n in_o all_o the_o battle_n which_o have_v be_v give_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o few_o man_n have_v fight_v and_o those_o few_o according_a to_o the_o resistance_n that_o be_v make_v have_v win_v or_o lose_v the_o battle_n and_o as_o the_o kind_n of_o arm_n make_v the_o soldier_n strong_a or_o more_o feeble_a so_o they_o have_v demand_v what_o force_n be_v most_o beneficial_a either_o that_o on_o horseback_n or_o on_o foot_n polybius_n say_v foot_n that_o it_o be_v better_a that_o our_o foot_n be_v a_o moiety_n less_o than_o that_o of_o our_o enemy_n so_o as_o we_o be_v strong_a in_o cavallerie_n then_o if_o we_o be_v equal_a in_o all_o the_o which_o may_v be_v true_a in_o a_o combat_n have_v be_v often_o see_v that_o when_o as_o the_o horse_n be_v rout_v the_o foot_n see_v themselves_o far_o from_o any_o retreat_n hau●_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v sometime_o in_o gross_a without_o strike_v stroke_n but_o in_o all_o the_o course_n of_o the_o war_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o footman_n do_v the_o great_a service_n be_v it_o but_o at_o siege_n and_o defence_n of_o place_n and_o that_o they_o may_v fight_v in_o all_o place_n which_o the_o horseman_n can_v do_v those_o nation_n which_o have_v make_v use_n of_o horseman_n only_o have_v sometime_o get_v great_a victory_n as_o the_o partbyans_n have_v do_v but_o when_o they_o be_v to_o besiege_v or_o defend_v a_o place_n they_o advance_v little_a also_o those_o people_n which_o put_v all_o their_o force_n in_o horseman_n do●_n it_o for_o that_o they_o can_v keep_v their_o rank_n and_o order_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o footman_n and_o to_o recompense_v this_o defect_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o violence_n of_o horse_n in_o a_o combat_n and_o of_o their_o swiftness_n and_o readiness_n in_o erterprise_n of_o war_n which_o be_v execute_v more_o speedy_o with_o horse_n then_o foot_n who_o march_v heavy_o but_o the_o better_a be_v foot_n that_o the_o army_n of_o a_o estate_n shall_v consist_v both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o footman_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o body_n of_o a_o army_n and_o horseman_n for_o arm_n and_o leg_n wherefore_o the_o prince_n beside_o the_o provision_n of_o arm_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o war_n must_v be_v careful_a that_o the_o cavalry_n may_v be_v well_o mount_v &_o provide_v that_o they_o may_v have_v horse_n in_o his_o own_o country_n for_o he_o can_v be_v term_v strong_a and_o powerful_a in_o horse_n if_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o have_v recourse_n in_o that_o regard_n to_o his_o neighbour_n who_o in_o time_n of_o war_n may_v fail_v he_o i_o have_v say_v former_o that_o the_o force_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o number_n but_o in_o the_o bounty_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o soldier_n yet_o for_o that_o

able_a to_o reduce_v a_o people_n to_o their_o duty_n and_o in_o such_o encounter_v subtle_a and_o in_o tentive_a spirit_n be_v fit_a as_o likewise_o those_o which_o be_v popular_a and_o eloquent_a to_o entertain_v and_o to_o draw_v a_o mutinous_a multitude_n to_o their_o duty_n by_o fear_n distrust_n and_o hope_n that_o familiar_a and_o popular_a course_n which_o menenius_n agrippa_n observe_v with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n by_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o member_n from_o a_o humane_a body_n succeed_v better_a to_o pacify_v they_o then_o if_o he_o have_v fall_v upon_o more_o serious_a reason_n the_o invention_n which_o calaminus_fw-la the_o capovan_n make_v use_v of_o to_o save_v the_o senator_n of_o capova_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o people_n be_v no_o less_o witty_a for_o join_v himself_o to_o their_o party_n and_o applaud_v they_o in_o all_o thing_n see_v they_o resolute_a to_o put_v their_o senator_n to_o death_n he_o propound_v unto_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v begin_v first_o with_o he_o that_o be_v most_o odious_a unto_o they_o but_o withal_o he_o let_v they_o know_v that_o the_o estate_n must_v not_o remain_v without_o government_n &_o that_o before_o they_o put_v he_o to_o death_n they_o must_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o other_o in_o his_o place_n so_o not_o able_a to_o agree_v and_o pass_v from_o one_o to_o another_o they_o find_v that_o they_o who_o they_o mean●_n to_o put_v to_o death_n be_v much_o better_a than_o the_o other_o who_o they_o intend_v to_o choose_v in_o their_o place_n and_o to_o the_o people_n be_v pacify_v sometime_o i●_n such_o mutiny_n and_o combustion_n they_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o of_o some_o extraordinary_a sign_n from_o heaven_n or_o of_o some_o unexpected_a misfortune_n where_o with_o the_o people_n be_v touch_v and_o amaze_v suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v persuade_v to_o return_v to_o their_o duty_n a_o ma●_n of_o authority_n and_o credit_n with_o the_o people_n may_v prevail_v much_o in_o such_o occasion_n soderin_n archbishop_n of_o florence_n come_v f●●th_n in_o public_a with_o his_o pontifical_a robe_n and_o his_o clergy_n pacify_v the_o florentines_n who_o be_v in_o combustion_n one_o against_o another_o and_o as_o in_o some_o place_n preacher_n have_v be_v the_o firebrand_n of_o sedition_n and_o the_o trumpet_n of_o war_n in_o other_o they_o have_v serve_v to_o pacify_v they_o and_o they_o have_v make_v good_a use_n of_o they_o but_o if_o the_o people_n can_v be_v sudden_o reclaim_v and_o that_o the_o popular_a mutiny_n pass_v into_o rebellion_n and_o a_o settle_a revolt_n you_o must_v then_o seek_v to_o reduce_v they_o by_o degree_n disunit_n they_o and_o gain_v some_o of_o the_o commander_n underhand_o by_o promise_n and_o benefit_n or_o put_v they_o in_o distrust_n of_o the_o people_n and_o in_o jealousy_n one_o of_o another_o if_o nei●her_n of_o these_o remedy_n will_v prevail_v he_o must_v yield_v to_o that_o which_o the_o people_n demand_n either_o in_o all_o or_o in_o part_n for_o that_o love_n and_o reputation_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o prince_n authority_n if_o the_o prince_n in_o yield_v seem_v to_o diminish_v his_o reputation_n in_o some_o sort_n yet_o thereby_o he_o shall_v preserve_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v pacify_v he_o may_v by_o other_o mean_n recover_v his_o reputation_n and_o yet_o in_o such_o occurrent_n he_o may_v so_o carry_v himself_o and_o use_v such_o dexterity_n that_o accommodate_v himself_o mild_o to_o the_o people_n inclination_n he_o shall_v seem_v to_o grant_v that_o willing_o which_o they_o extort_v from_o he_o by_o force_n be_v necessary_a that_o the_o prince_n to_o maintain_v his_o authority_n make_v show_n to_o will_n and_o desire_n that_o which_o he_o can_v hinder_v and_o so_o to_o apply_v his_o will_n to_o his_o power_n and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v make_v it_o know_v that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o he_o desire_v he_o must_v seek_v to_o draw_v some_o apparent_a advantage_n for_o his_o greatness_n there_o be_v few_o action_n in_o the_o estate_n from_o which_o the_o prince_n either_o in_o effect_n or_o in_o show_n may_v not_o draw_v some_o advantage_n although_o in_o another_o thing_n he_o be_v damnify_v and_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o part_n of_o wisdom_n to_o show_v himself_o more_o joyful_a of_o the_o advantage_n which_o he_o receive_v then_o discontent_v for_o the_o disadvantage_n which_o his_o enemy_n seek_v to_o procure_v he_o the_o turkish_a emperor_n although_o they_o be_v powerful_a have_v be_v many_o time_n constrain_v to_o yield_v some_o of_o their_o minister_n to_o the_o janissary_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n the_o which_o a_o well_o advise_v prince_n shall_v never_o do_v if_o his_o minister_n have_v not_o otherwise_o high_o offend_v but_o see_v himself_o reduce_v to_o this_o extremity_n he_o shall_v give_v they_o mean_n to_o escape_v yet_o dissemble_v that_o it_o be_v with_o his_o consent_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v a_o cruel_a injustice_n to_o deliver_v a_o innocent_a man_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o furious_a multitude_n the_o shame_n will_v redound_v upon_o he_o with_o a_o disdain_n and_o a_o distrust_n of_o all_o other_o who_o he_o shall_v call_v to_o serve_v he_o who_o will_v rather_o govern_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o those_o which_o have_v credit_n with_o the_o people_n then_o to_o his_o desire_n but_o if_o the_o minister_n be_v find_v to_o have_v carry_v themselves_o ill_o the_o prince_n may_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o justice_n to_o pacify_v a_o popular_a mutiny_n although_o it_o be_v more_o discreet_o do_v to_o prevent_v it_o then_o to_o stay_v until_o he_o be_v urge_v to_o do_v that_o by_o force_n which_o for_o his_o own_o good_a he_o shall_v have_v former_o do_v chap._n 19_o of_o faction_n and_o of_o the_o mean_n to_o hinder_v the_o effect_n there_o remain_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o faction_n for_o the_o last_o and_o most_o ordinary_a cause_n for_o the_o ruin_n of_o estate_n they_o be_v seldom_o frame_v among_o the_o people_n unless_o great_a man_n be_v of_o the_o party_n for_o they_o grow_v either_o from_o the_o private_a quarrel_n of_o great_a man_n who_o embark_v the_o people_n on_o their_o side_n or_o from_o the_o subject_n of_o some_o reformation_n or_o for_o the_o government_n of_o public_a affair_n if_o they_o grow_v from_o particular_a quarrel_n the_o prince_n must_v speedy_o force_v they_o to_o refer_v the_o cause_n to_o his_o judge_n or_o to_o arbitrator_n without_o make_v show_n to_o favour_v the_o one_o more_o than_o the_o other_o this_o be_v that_o which_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o do_v in_o the_o suit_n depend_v betwixt_o madam_n lonyse_v his_o mother_n and_o charles_n duke_n of_o bourbon_n who_o revolt_v upon_o this_o subject_n but_o if_o the_o controversy_n can_v be_v reconcile_v for_o that_o the_o proof_n fail_v on_o the_o one_o side_n although_o that_o by_o strong_a presumption_n the_o fact_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n apparent_a or_o if_o it_o concern_v the_o honour_n of_o one_o of_o the_o party_n in_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o business_n the_o prince_n must_v separate_v they_o employ_v they_o out_o of_o his_o estate_n in_o some_o honourable_a charge_n the_o one_o far_o from_o the_o other_o and_o he_o must_v entertain_v they_o thus_o divide_v until_o that_o either_o their_o credit_n be_v diminish_v with_o the_o people_n or_o that_o time_n have_v make_v they_o forget_v or_o at_o the_o least_o temper_n their_o hatred_n if_o as_o it_o happen_v often_o to_o the_o private_a quarrel_n of_o great_a man_n they_o add_v some_o public_a pretext_n as_o of_o reformation_n liberty_n or_o religion_n the_o prince_n not_o able_a to_o hinder_v the_o course_n of_o these_o faction_n he_o must_v join_v with_o the_o strong_a to_o ruin_v the_o weak_a wherein_o have_v once_o prevail_v he_o must_v free_v himself_o by_o diverse_a mean_n yet_o lawful_a of_o the_o chief_a commander_n with_o who_o he_o have_v join_v either_o employ_v they_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n or_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o their_o private_a offence_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n come_v not_o in_o time_n to_o ruin_v the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o for_o that_o they_o be_v equal_a and_o that_o his_o counterpoise_n can_v weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n he_o must_v attend_v that_o by_o the_o event_n of_o some_o misfortune_n to_o the_o one_o they_o may_v find_v the_o weakness_n of_o that_o side_n to_o ruin_v he_o whole_o yet_o if_o in_o this_o case_n the_o head_n of_o the_o faction_n and_o not_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o reap_v the_o honour_n and_o fruit_n of_o the_o victory_n of_o one_o of_o the_o two_o party_n the_o prince_n shall_v do_v more_o wise_o to_o balance_v the_o one_o with_o the_o