the_o policy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o meth_n the_o only_a irish_a prince_n then_o in_o favour_n with_o the_o tyrant_n these_o northern_a nation_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v the_o irish_a acquaint_v with_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o with_o building_n of_o castle_n and_o fortress_n only_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n have_v hitherto_o know_v no_o other_o defence_n but_o wood_n boggs_n or_o stoakes_n 1172._o and_o last_o of_o all_o by_o the_o english_a in_o k._n henry_n 2d_v reign_v an._n 1172._o after_o this_o the_o roytelet_n or_o petty_a prince_n enjoy_v their_o former_a dominion_n till_o the_o year_n 1172._o in_o which_o dermot_n mac_n morogh_n king_n of_o lynster_n have_v force_v the_o wife_n of_o maurice_n o_o rorke_n king_n of_o meth_n be_v drive_v by_o he_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n who_o apply_v himself_o to_o henry_n the_o second_o of_o england_n for_o succour_n receive_v aid_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr clare_n surnamed_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o kingdom_n by_o who_o good_a success_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o adventurer_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o in_o ireland_n his_o very_a presence_n without_o draw_v his_o sword_n prevail_v so_o far_o as_o that_o all_o the_o petty_a king_n or_o great_a lord_n within_o lynster_n connaght_n and_o munster_n submit_v themselves_o unto_o he_o promise_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o chief_a and_o sovereign_a lord_n but_o as_o the_o conquest_n be_v but_o slight_a and_o superficial_a so_o the_o irish_a submission_n be_v but_o weak_a and_o fickle_a assurance_n to_o hold_v in_o obedience_n so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n for_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o king_n of_o england_n back_n turn_v but_o the_o irish_a return_v to_o their_o former_a rebellion_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v here_o no_o more_o power_n or_o profit_n than_o the_o great_a one_o of_o the_o country_n be_v please_v to_o give_v they_o for_o they_o govern_v their_o people_n by_o the_o brehon_n law_n they_o make_v their_o own_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n pardon_v and_o punish_v all_o malefactor_n within_o their_o several_a country_n make_v war_n and_o peace_n one_o with_o the_o other_o without_o controlment_n and_o this_o they_o do_v not_o only_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o also_o in_o the_o time_n succeed_v even_o until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o conquest_n become_v thus_o imperfect_a by_o reason_n of_o two_o great_a defect_n first_o in_o the_o faint_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n and_o next_o in_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n it_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n by_o the_o english_a imperfect_a till_o of_o late_a by_o reason_n of_o two_o defect_n viz._n first_o faint_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n &_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o as_o touch_v the_o carriage_n of_o martial_a affair_n from_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o at_o what_o time_n the_o first_o overture_n be_v make_v for_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n until_o the_o nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n when_o that_o royal_a army_n be_v send_v over_o to_o suppress_v the_o the_o rebellion_n of_o tyrone_n which_o in_o the_o end_n make_v a_o universal_a and_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o all_o the_o irishry_n it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o the_o english_a either_o raise_v here_o or_o send_v hither_o from_o time_n to_o time_n out_o of_o england_n be_v always_o too_o weak_a to_o subdue_v and_o master_n so_o many_o warlike_a nation_n or_o sept_n of_o the_o irish_a as_o do_v possess_v this_o island_n and_o beside_o their_o weakness_n they_o be_v ill_o pay_v and_o worse_o govern_v and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n there_o arrive_v out_o of_o england_n a_o army_n of_o competent_a strength_n and_o power_n it_o do_v rather_o terrify_v than_o break_v or_o subdue_v this_o people_n be_v ever_o break_v and_o dissolve_v by_o some_o one_o accident_n and_o impediment_n or_o other_o before_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o it_o as_o namely_o henry_n the_o second_o by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o his_o son_n king_n john_n henry_n the_o third_z and_z edward_z the_o second_o by_o the_o baron_n war_n edward_n the_o first_o by_o his_o war_n in_o wales_n and_o scotland_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o henry_n the_o five_o by_o the_o war_n of_o france_n richard_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o edward_n the_o four_o by_o domestic_a contention_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n itself_o richard_n the_o three_o not_o worth_a mention_v as_o have_v never_o get_v the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o england_n but_o be_v cast_v out_o by_o henry_n the_o seven_o within_o two_o year_n and_o a_o half_a after_o his_o usurpation_n and_o henry_n the_o seven_o himself_o though_o he_o make_v the_o happy_a union_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n yet_o for_o more_o than_o half_a the_o space_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v walk_v spirit_n of_o the_o house_n of_o york_n which_o he_o can_v not_o conjure_v down_o without_o the_o expense_n of_o some_o blood_n and_o treasure_n henry_n the_o eight_o be_v divert_v by_o his_o two_o expedition_n into_o france_n at_o the_o first_o and_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n thereof_o whole_o take_v up_o with_o the_o trouble_v create_v to_o he_o by_o the_o great_a alteration_n of_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o last_o the_o infancy_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o the_o coverture_n of_o queen_n mary_n which_o be_v both_o not-ability_n in_o law_n do_v likewise_o in_o fact_n disable_v they_o to_o accomplish_v the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n so_o that_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n come_v thus_o far_o short_a as_o to_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o true_a conquest_n of_o ireland_n let_v we_o examine_v what_o other_o impediment_n be_v give_v thereunto_o in_o point_n of_o martial_a affair_n by_o the_o adventurer_n themselves_o that_o first_o undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n upon_o their_o own_o account_n year_n that_o the_o first_o english_a adventurer_n have_v good_a success_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o first_o forty_o year_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o about_o forty_o year_n after_o the_o first_o land_n of_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n till_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o king_n john_n during_o all_o which_o time_n there_o be_v no_o army_n transmit_v out_o of_o england_n to_o finish_v the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n that_o the_o adventurer_n and_o colony_n already_o plant_v there_o proceed_v with_o so_o much_o good_a success_n as_o they_o gain_v very_o large_a portion_n of_o ground_n in_o every_o province_n as_o namely_o the_o earl_n of_o strongbow_n by_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o daughter_n of_o mac_n morrogh_n in_o lynster_n the_o laâ—ies_n in_o meth_n the_o giraldine_n and_o other_o adventurer_n in_o munster_n the_o andeleye_n gernons_n clinton_n russel_n and_o other_o voluntary_n of_o sir_n john_n the_o courcies_n retinue_n in_o ulster_n and_o the_o bourkes_n plant_v by_o william_n fitz-adelme_a in_o connaght_n the_o english_a colony_n be_v thus_o disperse_v through_o all_o the_o province_n of_o ireland_n be_v necessitate_v planter_n but_o be_v necessitate_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o maintain_v a_o border_a war_n against_o the_o irish_a at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o english_a planter_n from_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n john_n till_o the_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n to_o maintain_v a_o continual_a border_a war_n between_o they_o and_o the_o irish_a without_o receive_v during_o all_o that_o time_n any_o supply_n either_o of_o man_n or_o money_n out_o of_o england_n to_o manage_v the_o same_o so_o that_o all_o the_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o english_a lord_n who_o have_v get_v such_o great_a possession_n and_o royalty_n as_o that_o they_o presume_v to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o the_o least_o advice_n or_o direction_n from_o the_o state_n be_v force_v to_o levy_v all_o their_o force_n within_o the_o land_n who_o be_v ill_o pay_v and_o worse_o govern_v it_o so_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o public_a revenue_n of_o ireland_n be_v then_o inconsiderable_a to_o sustain_v such_o a_o charge_n that_o as_o well_o the_o ordinary_a force_n which_o stand_v continual_o as_o the_o extraordinary_a which_o be_v levy_v by_o the_o chief_a governor_n upon_o journey_n and_o general_a hostings_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n lay_v upon_o the_o poor_a subject_n descend_v of_o english_a race_n which_o burden_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n tolerable_a during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o but_o afterward_o become_v insupportable_a in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n
the_o chief_a cause_n that_o obstruct_v the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n till_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n as_o to_o martial_a affair_n irish_a and_o second_o looseness_n in_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o ireland_n for_o not_o communicate_v the_o law_n of_o england_n to_o the_o irish_a i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v some_o satisfaction_n touch_v those_o defect_n that_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a policy_n and_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o give_v no_o less_o impediment_n to_o the_o full_a conquest_n thereof_o which_o do_v first_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n give_v law_n to_o the_o irishry_n though_o the_o irish_a do_v often_o desire_v to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o it_o and_o protection_n of_o the_o english_a law_n but_o can_v not_o obtain_v it_o for_o although_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o before_o his_o return_n out_o of_o ireland_n hold_v a_o counfel_n or_o parliament_n at_o lismore_n where_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v willing_o accept_v off_o by_o all_o the_o irishry_n and_o that_o confirm_v by_o their_o oath_n and_o though_o king_n john_n in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v establish_v the_o english_a law_n and_o custom_n here_o and_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n at_o dublin_n and_o place_v sheriff_n and_o other_o minister_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v the_o people_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o all_o the_o record_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o only_o the_o english_a colony_n and_o some_o few_o sept_n of_o the_o irishry_n as_o o_o neal_n of_o ulster_n o_o malaghlin_n of_o meath_z o_o connagher_n of_o connaght_n o_o brien_n of_o thomond_n and_o mac_n muorrogh_n of_o lynster_n who_o be_v enfranchise_v by_o special_a charter_n be_v admit_v to_o the_o benefit_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o in_o they_o only_o the_o english_a law_n be_v publish_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o in_o they_o only_o do_v the_o itinerant_a judge_n make_v their_o circuit_n and_o visitation_n of_o justice_n as_o namely_o in_o the_o county_n of_o dublin_n kildare_n meth_n vriel_n catherlogh_n kilkenny_n wexford_n waterford_n cork_n limrick_n kerry_n and_o typperary_n and_o not_o in_o the_o country_n possess_v by_o the_o irishry_n which_o contain_v at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o even_o in_o these_o county_n the_o say_v law_n stretch_v no_o far_a than_o the_o land_n of_o the_o english_a colony_n do_v extend_v so_o that_o the_o irish_a be_v not_o only_o disable_v to_o bring_v any_o action_n but_o they_o be_v so_o far_o out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v often_o adjudge_v no_o felony_n to_o kill_v a_o mere_a irish_a man_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o all_o the_o parliament_n roll_n which_o be_v extant_a from_o the_o 40th_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o when_o the_o statute_n of_o kilkenny_n be_v enact_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o we_o find_v the_o degenerate_a and_o disobedient_a english_a call_v rebel_n but_o the_o irish_a which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n peace_n be_v call_v enemy_n whereby_o it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o such_o as_o have_v the_o government_n of_o ireland_n under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v intend_v to_o maintain_v a_o perpetual_a separation_n and_o enmity_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o irish_a pretend_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v in_o the_o end_n be_v able_a to_o root_v out_o the_o irish_a which_z the_o english_z not_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v cause_v a_o perpetual_a war_n between_o both_o nation_n which_o continue_v four_o hundred_o and_o odd_a year_n and_o may_v have_v continue_v to_o the_o world_n end_n if_o in_o the_o end_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n the_o irishry_n have_v not_o be_v break_v and_o conquer_a by_o the_o sword_n and_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o king_n james_n his_o reign_n have_v not_o be_v protect_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n conquer_a contrary_n to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o etc._n etc._n who_o communicate_v their_o law_n to_o the_o conquer_a this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n which_o conquer_a so_o many_o barbarous_a and_o civil_a nation_n and_o therefore_o know_v by_o experience_n the_o best_a and_o ready_a way_n of_o make_v a_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a conquest_n refuse_v not_o to_o communicate_v their_o law_n to_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a people_n who_o they_o have_v conquer_v neither_o do_v they_o ever_o put_v they_o out_o of_o their_o protection_n after_o they_o have_v once_o submit_v themselves_o but_o rather_o the_o better_a to_o assure_v their_o conquest_n by_o all_o the_o mean_n imaginable_a they_o can_v allure_v they_o to_o civility_n and_o learning_n whereof_o the_o ancient_a britain_n be_v a_o famous_a instance_n this_o be_v also_o against_o the_o practice_n william_n the_o conqueror_n use_v who_o govern_v both_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o english_a under_o one_o law_n and_o against_o the_o prudent_a course_n that_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o reduce_n of_o wales_n partly_o perform_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o altogether_o finish_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o by_o divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o shire_n and_o circuit_n and_o establish_v a_o commonwealth_n among_o they_o according_a to_o the_o english_a government_n by_o mean_n whereof_o that_o entire_a country_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o secure_o settle_v in_o peace_n and_o obedience_n and_o have_v attain_v to_o that_o civility_n of_o manner_n and_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o now_o we_o find_v it_o not_o inferior_a to_o the_o best_a part_n of_o england_n inconvenience_n that_o the_o over_o great_a proportion_n of_o land_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o conqueror_n of_o ireland_n occasion_v great_a inconvenience_n the_o next_o error_n in_o the_o civil_a policy_n which_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o possession_n which_o be_v win_v and_o conquer_v from_o the_o irish_a for_o the_o scope_n of_o land_n which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o first_o adventurer_n be_v too_o large_a and_o the_o liberty_n and_o royalty_n which_o they_o obtain_v therein_o be_v too_o great_a for_o subject_n though_o it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v liberal_o reward_v out_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o own_o labour_n since_o they_o manage_v the_o war_n upon_o their_o own_o account_n and_o receive_v no_o pay_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n whereupon_o ensue_v divers_a inconvenience_n that_o give_v great_a impediment_n to_o the_o conquest_n for_o first_o earl_n strongbow_n be_v entitle_v to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o lynster_n partly_o by_o invasion_n and_o partly_o by_o marriage_n albeit_o he_o surrender_v the_o same_o entire_o to_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o his_o sovereign_n conqueror_n the_o manner_n how_o ireland_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o first_o engâ—ish_n conqueror_n for_o that_o with_o his_o licence_n he_o come_v over_o and_o with_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o subject_n he_o have_v gain_v that_o great_a inheritance_n yet_o do_v the_o king_n regrant_a back_n again_o to_o he_o and_o his_o heiâ—s_n all_o that_o province_n reserve_v only_o the_o city_n of_o dublin_n and_o the_o cantred_n next_o adjoin_v with_o the_o maritine_n town_n and_o principal_a fort_n and_o castle_n next_o the_o same_o king_n grant_v to_o robert_n fitz-stephen_n and_o miles_n cogan_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o cork_n from_o lismore_n to_o the_o sea_n to_o philip_n le_fw-fr bruce_n he_o give_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o lymrick_n with_o the_o donation_n of_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n except_o the_o city_n and_o one_o cantre_v of_o land_n adjoin_v to_o sir_n hugh_n de_fw-fr lacie_n all_o meath_z to_o sir_n john_n de_fw-fr courcy_n all_o ulster_n to_o william_n bourke_n fitz-adelin_a the_o great_a part_n of_o connaght_n in_o like_a manner_n sir_n thomas_n de_fw-fr clare_n obtain_v a_o grant_n of_o all_o thomond_n and_o otho_n de_fw-fr grandison_n of_o all_o tipperary_n and_o robert_n le_fw-fr poor_a of_o the_o territory_n of_o waterford_n the_o city_n itself_o and_o the_o cantre_v of_o the_o oastmen_n only_o except_v and_o thus_o be_v alâ—_n ireland_n cantonize_v among_o ten_o person_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o though_o they_o have_v not_o gain_v the_o possession_n of_o one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n yet_o in_o title_n they_o be_v owner_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o so_o as_o nothing_o be_v leave_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o native_n who_o petty_a king_n and_o great_a one_o our_o great_a english_a lord_n can_v not_o endure_v
the_o present_a state_n of_o ireland_n together_o with_o some_o remark_n upon_o the_o ancient_a state_n thereof_o likewise_o a_o description_n of_o the_o chief_a town_n with_o a_o map_n of_o the_o kingdom_n london_n print_v by_o m._n d._n for_o chr._n wilkinson_n at_o the_o black-boy_n in_o fleetstreet_n and_o t._n burrell_n at_o the_o golden-ball_n under_o st._n dunstan_n church_n 1673._o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n much_o can_v be_v expect_v upon_o a_o subject_a of_o this_o nature_n from_o a_o private_a person_n and_o one_o who_o be_v second_v with_o few_o other_o help_v to_o accomplish_v his_o desire_n herein_o than_o to_o consult_v his_o own_o thought_n and_o a_o mall_n number_n of_o book_n that_o lay_v by_o he_o however_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v well_o assure_v there_o be_v nothing_o offer_v here_o to_o his_o consideration_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o present_a or_o ancient_a state_n of_o ireland_n as_o far_o as_o the_o subject_n will_v possible_o admit_v of_o the_o same_o but_o what_o be_v back_v with_o good_a authority_n and_o faithful_o relate_v by_o the_o author_n according_a to_o the_o best_a information_n he_o can_v obtain_v as_o for_o other_o matter_n here_o assay_v by_o way_n of_o conjecture_n the_o author_n well_o hope_v this_o mean_a attempt_n will_v short_o administer_v a_o fit_a occasion_n for_o a_o more_o know_a person_n and_o able_a pen_n to_o render_v the_o world_n more_o ample_a satisfction_n touch_v the_o public_a affair_n and_o state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n wherein_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a how_o that_o this_o our_o age_n afford_v many_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o present_a state_n of_o enngland_n france_n italy_n holland_n venice_n muscovy_n etc._n etc._n yet_o not_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n since_o his_o majesty_n happy_a restauration_n have_v be_v hitherto_o present_v to_o public_a view_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o state_n of_o ireland_n though_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a member_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n as_o if_o either_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o affair_n thereof_o afford_v not_o any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o note_n whereas_o indeed_o the_o continue_a infelicity_n of_o that_o unhappy_a kingdom_n till_o of_o late_a may_v alone_o beside_o many_o other_o remarke_n make_v mention_v of_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n just_o breed_v some_o curiosity_n in_o any_o know_a person_n to_o take_v into_o his_o consideration_n what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o that_o realm_n whereof_o our_o king_n of_o england_n have_v bear_v the_o title_n of_o sovereign_a lord_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o hundred_o and_o odd_a year_n a_o period_n of_o time_n wherein_o divers_a great_a monarchy_n have_v rise_v from_o barbarism_n to_o civility_n and_o fall_v again_o to_o ruin_n be_v not_o in_o all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n thorough_o subdue_v &_o reduce_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n although_o there_o have_v be_v almost_o a_o continual_a war_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o irish_a and_o why_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o mere_a irish_a be_v so_o little_o alter_v till_o king_n james_n his_o reign_n since_o the_o day_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o description_n make_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o that_o time_n although_o there_o have_v be_v since_o that_o time_n so_o many_o english_a colony_n plant_v in_o ireland_n as_o that_o if_o the_o people_n have_v be_v number_v by_o the_o poll_n such_o as_o be_v descend_v of_o english_a race_n will_v have_v be_v find_v more_o in_o number_n than_o the_o ancient_a native_n to_o give_v therefore_o a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o those_o disorder_n as_o also_o of_o the_o exquisite_a remedy_n apply_v by_o the_o late_a settlement_n of_o ireland_n in_o order_n to_o a_o perfect_a reformation_n of_o the_o same_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a end_n and_o design_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o if_o it_o give_v the_o reader_n any_o competent_a satisfaction_n the_o author_n will_v deem_v himself_o thereby_o well_o reward_v for_o his_o pain_n the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o part._n that_o ireland_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v first_o inhabit_a by_o the_o britain_n page_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v first_o invade_v by_o the_o saxon_a monarch_n p._n 3._o next_o by_o the_o northern_a nation_n about_o the_o year_n 830._o of_o danes_n swede_n and_o norman_n all_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o norwegian_n p._n ib._n and_o last_o of_o all_o by_o the_o english_a in_o k._n henry_n the_o second_o time_n p._n 4._o that_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n by_o the_o english_a ever_o since_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n till_o now_o of_o late_a be_v imperfect_a by_o reason_n of_o two_o great_a defect_n the_o first_o whereof_o consist_v in_o faint_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n and_o the_o next_o in_o in_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n p._n 6._o of_o the_o faint_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o p._n ib._n that_o notwithstanding_o many_o obstruction_n yet_o the_o first_o english_a adventurer_n during_o the_o first_o forty_o year_n gain_v many_o large_a proportion_n of_o land_n in_o the_o province_n of_o leinster_n munster_n connaght_n and_o ulster_n p._n 8._o that_o the_o english_a be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n necessitate_v to_o maintain_v a_o border_a war_n with_o the_o irish_a whole_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o english_a planter_n the_o english_a plantation_n in_o ireland_n begin_v thereupon_o to_o decay_v p._n 9_o 10_o 11._o that_o morris_n fitz-thomas_n earl_n of_o desmond_n be_v the_o first_o begin_v that_o wicked_a extortion_n of_o coin_n livery_n and_o pay_n in_o k._n edward_n the_o second_o time_n which_o soon_o after_o prove_v the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o all_o the_o english_a colony_n in_o ireland_n except_o those_o few_o within_o the_o pale_a which_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a can_v never_o be_v put_v in_o a_o way_n of_o recovery_n again_o till_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n eâ—izabeths_n reign_n p._n 12_o 13._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o desmond_n and_o divers_a other_o grandee_n of_o the_o first_o english_a conqueror_n get_v vast_a estate_n from_o the_o english_a colony_n in_o ireland_n by_o those_o horrible_a oppressjoin_n of_o coin_n and_o livery_n etc._n etc._n many_o of_o the_o english_a flee_v into_o england_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o a_o small_a tract_n of_o time_n so_o much_o degenerate_v into_o irish_a manner_n as_o that_o they_o hate_v the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o english_a and_o take_v upon_o they_o irish_a nickname_n p._n 14_o 15._o that_o those_o great_a english_a lord_n the_o better_a to_o maintain_v their_o say_a unlawful_a acquisition_n become_v thereupon_o arch_a enemy_n both_o to_o the_o government_n and_o the_o law_n of_o england_n refuse_v to_o appear_v at_o parliament_n and_o no_o way_n observe_v the_o dictate_v and_o command_v of_o the_o chief_a governor_n of_o that_o realm_n p._n 16_o 17._o that_o by_o these_o mean_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n pass_v afterward_o out_o of_o ireland_n into_o england_n to_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o civil-war_n between_o york_n and_o lancaster_n wherein_o most_o of_o they_o perish_v the_o irish_a become_v victorious_a over_o all_o the_o english_a except_o those_o within_o the_o pale_a without_o blood_n or_o sweat_n p._n 17_o 18._o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o full_a conquest_n of_o ireland_n that_o the_o first_o english_a conqueror_n do_v not_o equal_o communicate_v the_o english_a law_n to_o the_o irish_a as_o well_o as_o to_o english_a planter_n ib._n that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o the_o english_a conqueror_n maintain_v perpetual_a enmity_n and_o war_n with_o the_o irish_a for_o their_o own_o private_a end_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o country_n p._n 19_o that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n who_o never_o refuse_v to_o communicate_v their_o law_n to_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a people_n they_o conquer_v p._n 20._o and_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n who_o govern_v both_o normand_n and_o the_o english_a under_o one_o law_n p._n 21._o and_o against_o the_o prudent_a course_n edward_n the_o first_o observe_v in_o the_o reduce_n of_o wales_n p._n ib._n that_o the_o next_o error_n in_o the_o civil_a policy_n be_v the_o over_o great_a proportion_n of_o land_n with_o great_a royalty_n and_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o english_a adventurer_n in_o ireland_n which_o occasion_v many_o notorious_a inconvenience_n p._n 22._o the_o reason_n why_o such_o vast_a proportion_n of_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o first_o adventurer_n in_o ireland_n p._n 30._o the_o manner_n how_o ireland_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o english_a conqueror_n in_o
that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n have_v with_o great_a alacrity_n and_o readiness_n undertake_v the_o war_n and_o not_o only_o engage_v themselves_o to_o his_o majesty_n to_o send_v over_o powerful_a supply_n both_o out_o of_o england_n and_o scoâ—land_n but_o by_o their_o public_a order_n of_o both_o house_n send_v over_o to_o the_o lord_n justice_n and_o print_v at_o dublin_n in_o the_o month_n of_o november_n full_o declare_v their_o resolution_n for_o the_o vigorous_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n of_o ireland_n and_o that_o some_o force_n be_v arrive_v at_o dublin_n out_o of_o england_n the_o siege_n of_o drogedah_n or_o tredagh_n raise_v those_o bold_a perfidious_a traitor_n beat_v back_o into_o the_o north_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o pale_a banish_v by_o force_n of_o his_o majesty_n army_n of_o their_o own_o habitation_n which_o be_v all_o spoil_v and_o lay_v waste_n yet_o i_o say_v such_o be_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o conspiracy_n and_o so_o deep_o be_v they_o engage_v in_o it_o as_o that_o limrick_n and_o gallaway_n do_v open_o declare_v themselves_o for_o the_o rebel_n the_o one_o by_o besiege_v the_o english_a who_o have_v betake_v themselves_o for_o protection_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o limrick_n and_o the_o other_o those_o who_o have_v upon_o the_o like_a score_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o fort_n of_o gallaway_n both_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o yield_v for_o want_v of_o timely_a relief_n by_o mean_n whereof_o many_o thousand_o of_o the_o english_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o slaughter_n of_o their_o barbarous_a enemy_n in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o connaght_n leinster_n and_o munster_n which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v whole_o preserve_v from_o ruin_n if_o these_o two_o town_n alone_o which_o be_v admirable_a for_o their_o strength_n and_o situation_n have_v but_o cheerful_o open_v their_o gate_n to_o the_o distress_a and_o firm_o continue_v in_o their_o ancient_a loyalty_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o see_v they_o so_o wilful_o act_v this_o mad_a part_n by_o the_o powerful_a advice_n of_o their_o popish_a priest_n and_o lawyer_n wherewith_o they_o do_v at_o that_o time_n mighty_o abound_v have_v then_o but_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a number_n of_o protestant_a family_n to_o bear_v any_o sway_n among_o they_o i_o shall_v therefore_o conclude_v that_o next_o to_o a_o good_a stand_a army_n the_o most_o infallible_a way_n under_o god_n to_o secure_v both_o the_o government_n and_o the_o british_a planter_n in_o ireland_n be_v to_o have_v the_o chief_a town_n and_o fortress_n thereof_o for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o not_o altogether_o inhabit_a by_o protestant_a family_n a_o brief_a character_n of_o the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v here_o present_v to_o your_o view_n and_o consideration_n in_o hope_n that_o many_o more_o well_o worthy_a of_o notice_n will_v short_o be_v add_v to_o this_o number_n by_o such_o ingenious_a person_n as_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o and_o well_o affect_v to_o that_o country_n the_o character_n of_o the_o chief_a town_n and_o city_n of_o ireland_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o each_o province_n and_o first_o of_o those_o in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n viz._n munster_n waterford_n waterford_n waterford_n on_o the_o river_n shower_v a_o well_o trade_v port_n a_o bishop_n see_v and_o the_o second_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a fidelity_n till_o of_o late_a to_o the_o english_a since_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n endow_v with_o many_o ample_a privilege_n first_o build_v by_o some_o norwegian_a pirate_n who_o though_o they_o fix_v it_o in_o one_o of_o the_o most_o barren_a part_n and_o most_o foggy_a air_n of_o all_o the_o country_n yet_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o a_o safe_a and_o commodious_a site_n for_o the_o use_n of_o ship_n that_o of_o a_o nest_n of_o pirate_n it_o be_v soon_o make_v a_o receipt_n for_o merchant_n and_o sudden_o grow_v up_o to_o great_a wealth_n and_o power_n and_o though_o it_o stand_v at_o a_o reasonable_a good_a distance_n from_o the_o main_a sea_n yet_o ship_n of_o the_o great_a burden_n may_v safe_o sail_v to_o and_o ride_v at_o anchor_n before_o the_o key_n thereof_o which_o i_o presume_v be_v the_o handsome_a of_o any_o in_o the_o king_n dominion_n and_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o convey_v commodity_n in_o small_a vessel_n to_o several_a town_n in_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o namely_o clonmell_v carrack_n rosse_n kilkenny_n carloe_n etc._n etc._n by_o two_o brave_a navigable_a river_n more_o near_a neighbour_n to_o this_o viz._n the_o noare_n and_o barrow_n common_o call_v the_o three_o sister_n because_o a_o little_a below_o waterford_n they_o all_o empty_a themselves_o in_o one_o channel_n into_o the_o sea_n no_o place_n in_o ireland_n can_v any_o way_n compare_v with_o it_o except_o limrick_n this_o may_v be_v far_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o near_a port_n and_o the_o ready_a place_n in_o all_o ireland_n to_o correspond_v with_o bristol_n and_o all_o other_o town_n of_o traffic_n upon_o the_o river_n severn_n by_o a_o due_a easterly_a wind_n from_o bristol_n hither_o and_o so_o back_o from_o hence_o to_o bristol_n by_o a_o due_a westerly_a wind_n without_o any_o variation_n which_o necessity_n of_o various_a wind_n in_o the_o same_o voyage_n occasion_n oftentimes_o passage_n at_o sea_n to_o become_v both_o tedious_a and_o dangerous_a kingsale_n kingsale_fw-la kingsale_fw-la upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n bany_n a_o commodious_a port_n opposite_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n and_o fortify_v in_o tirones_fw-la rebellion_n by_o a_o spanish_a garrison_n under_o the_o command_n of_o don_n john_n de_fw-fr aquila_n but_o soon_o recover_v after_o the_o defeat_n of_o that_o grand_a rebel_n near_o the_o wall_n thereof_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o indefatigable_a industry_n of_o charles_n lord_n montjoy_n the_o then_z lord_n deputy_n of_o this_o kingdom_n this_o town_n have_v this_o peculiar_a property_n that_o it_o be_v the_o only_a safe_a and_o ready_a port_n in_o all_o ireland_n for_o our_o english_a ship_n and_o other_o to_o victual_v at_o or_o refresh_v themselves_o bound_v for_o or_o return_v homeward_o from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n cork_n cork_n cork_n by_o the_o latin_v call_v corcagia_n the_o principal_a of_o that_o county_n and_o a_o bishop_n see_v well_o wall_v and_o fit_v with_o a_o very_a commodious_a haven_n consist_v chief_o of_o one_o street_n reach_v out_o in_o length_n inhabit_a by_o a_o civil_a wealthy_a and_o industrious_a people_n be_v now_o general_o all_o english_a this_o may_v be_v far_o say_v in_o praise_n of_o this_o place_n that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o be_v ere_o long_o as_o in_o good_a part_n already_o a_o very_a flourish_a city_n be_v the_o shire_n town_n of_o the_o large_a rich_a and_o best_a inhabit_a county_n with_o english_z and_o irish_a of_o any_o in_o ireland_n and_o withal_o the_o only_a throughfare_n of_o all_o english_a good_n and_o commodity_n as_o they_o term_v they_o namely_o rich_a broad-cloath_n stuff_n and_o linen_n fruit_n spice_n etc._n etc._n send_v most_o common_o this_o way_n out_o of_o england_n for_o those_o two_o remarkable_a port-town_n of_o limrick_n and_o gallaway_n yonghall_n yonghall_n yonghall_n upon_o the_o sea_n provide_v of_o a_o safe_a road_n or_o convenient_a haven_n it_o have_v this_o peculiar_a that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o convenient_a place_n in_o all_o the_o south_n part_n of_o ireland_n from_o whence_o to_o transport_v cattle_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n to_o mynhead_n or_o to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o west_n of_o england_n limrick_n limrick_n limrick_n the_o principal_a of_o that_o county_n and_o the_o four_o in_o estimation_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n situate_v in_o a_o island_n compass_v round_o about_o with_o the_o river_n shannon_n by_o which_o mean_v well_o fortify_v a_o well_o frequent_v empory_n and_o a_o bishop_n see_v distant_a from_o the_o main_a ocean_n about_o sixty_o mile_n but_o so_o accommodate_v by_o the_o river_n that_o ship_n of_o burden_n come_v up_o close_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n the_o castle_n and_o the_o bridge_n piece_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o beauty_n be_v of_o the_o foundation_n of_o king_n john_n exceed_o delight_v with_o the_o situation_n this_o may_v be_v far_o observe_v touch_v the_o happy_a situation_n of_o this_o place_n in_o relation_n to_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n that_o though_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o cataract_n or_o rocky_a fall_n in_o the_o river_n shannon_n a_o little_a above_o limrick_n the_o merchant_n be_v necessitate_v for_o the_o space_n of_o about_o eight_o or_o nine_o mile_n to_o convey_v their_o good_n by_o land_n as_o far_o as_o killaloo_n but_o be_v bring_v thither_o they_o may_v be_v carry_v up_o along_o the_o say_a river_n by_o boat_n of_o indifferent_a good_a burden_n into_o many_o part_n of_o the_o
in_o abundance_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o fish_n sprinkle_v with_o many_o very_a sweet_a island_n and_o goodly_a lake_n like_o little_a inland-sea_n which_o will_v carry_v even_o ship_n upon_o their_o water_n adorn_v with_o goodly_a wood_n even_o fit_a for_o build_v of_o house_n and_o ship_n so_o commodious_o as_o that_o if_o some_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n have_v they_o they_o will_v soon_o hope_v to_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o sea_n and_o ere_o long_o of_o all_o the_o world_n also_o full_a of_o very_o good_a fort_n and_o havens_n open_v upon_o england_n as_o invite_v we_o to_o come_v unto_o they_o to_o see_v what_o excellent_a commodity_n that_o country_n can_v afford_v beside_o the_o soil_n itself_o most_o fertile_a fit_a to_o yield_v all_o kind_n of_o fruit_n that_o shall_v be_v commit_v thereunto_o and_o last_o the_o heaven_n most_o mild_a and_o temperate_a though_o somewhat_o more_o moist_a in_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o west_n commodity_n how_o far_o ireland_n differ_v from_o england_n in_o aire_n and_o commodity_n ireland_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o england_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n either_o for_o feed_v or_o clothing_n or_o for_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n but_o only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o air_n thereof_o though_o very_o wholesome_a and_o delectable_a be_v neither_o so_o clear_a nor_o subtle_a as_o we_o of_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v frequent_o overshadow_a with_o cloud_n even_o almost_o as_o well_o in_o summer_n as_o in_o winter_n which_o be_v therefore_o nothing_o favourable_a for_o the_o ripen_n of_o corn_n and_o fruit_n but_o so_o grateful_a to_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o cause_v grass_n to_o grow_v abundant_o not_o only_o fresh_a and_o long_o but_o withal_o very_o sweet_a for_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n and_o in_o winter_n be_v more_o subject_n to_o wind_n than_o snow_n or_o frost_n the_o wool_n of_o this_o country_n be_v say_v to_o be_v not_o of_o so_o fine_a a_o grain_n as_o that_o of_o england_n but_o the_o sheep_n of_o as_o large_a a_o body_n and_o so_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o cattle_n if_o breed_v there_o after_o the_o way_n of_o england_n coal_n they_o have_v none_o but_o what_o be_v near_o kilkenny_n and_o that_o in_o no_o great_a quantity_n however_o plentiful_o supply_v with_o fuel_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o neighbour_a bog_n though_o otherwise_o over-plentiful_o disperse_v through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n iron_n ore_n they_o have_v none_o as_o i_o take_v it_o but_o what_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o england_n which_o occasion_n as_o i_o suppose_v so_o few_o iron_n mill_n in_o ireland_n there_o be_v of_o late_a year_n but_o two_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v off_o viz._n one_o at_o mountrath_n in_o the_o king_n county_n and_o another_o at_o corfew_n in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n near_o the_o town_n of_o wexford_n the_o fewness_n whereof_o i_o presume_v be_v no_o great_a loss_n to_o that_o country_n the_o wood_n there_o the_o over-plenty_n whereof_o be_v former_o complain_v of_o be_v now_o of_o late_a too_o much_o destroy_v even_o to_o admiration_n some_o mine_n of_o lead_n have_v be_v find_v there_o of_o late_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o english_a the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v that_o call_v the_o silver_n mine_n in_o the_o county_n of_o typperary_n not_o far_o from_o limrick_n out_o of_o which_o be_v extract_v some_o proportion_n of_o silver_n which_o give_v it_o the_o denomination_n england_n and_o ireland_n may_v be_v esteem_v without_o doubt_n to_o be_v two_o of_o the_o most_o plentiful_a kingdom_n for_o provision_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o they_o of_o any_o in_o the_o whole_a world_n but_o that_o which_o cause_v the_o vast_a difference_n between_o the_o value_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o land_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o though_o both_o convenient_o situate_v for_o trade_n be_v that_o of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o till_o of_o late_a the_o sloathfulness_n of_o the_o people_n of_o ireland_n in_o not_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o manufacture_n a_o great_a rectification_n whereof_o may_v be_v well_o hope_v will_v fall_v out_o even_o in_o this_o our_o age_n whereunto_o there_o be_v already_o give_v a_o very_a fair_a beginning_n by_o the_o british_a planter_n money_n money_n the_o irish_a till_o of_o late_a time_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n manage_v their_o trade_n and_o commerce_n among_o themselves_o by_o exchange_n of_o ware_n commodity_n trade_n drive_v former_o in_o ireland_n hy_z commutation_n of_o commodity_n and_o commutation_n of_o commodity_n have_v little_a or_o no_o coin_n stir_v even_o among_o their_o great_a lord_n and_o nobleman_n and_o no_o great_a marvel_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o in_o ireland_n since_o that_o of_o old_a the_o most_o usual_a material_n of_o money_n among_o the_o roman_a province_n be_v seldom_o gold_n or_o silver_n but_o brass_n sometime_o leather_n corium_n forma_fw-la publica_fw-la percussum_fw-la as_o seneca_n have_v it_o this_o last_o kind_n of_o money_n be_v by_o frederick_n the_o second_o make_v current_n when_o he_o besiege_v milan_n the_o like_a be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v use_v here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n and_o why_o not_o since_o no_o long_o ago_o than_o in_o the_o year_n 1574_o the_o hollander_n then_o be_v in_o their_o extremity_n make_v money_n of_o pasteboard_n but_o this_o happen_v only_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n the_o metal_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n have_v for_o many_o hundred_o year_n though_o not_o in_o such_o abundance_n be_v the_o principal_a instrument_n of_o exchange_n and_o barter_n and_o so_o questionless_a will_v continue_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n ireland_n english_a money_n prohibit_v to_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o england_n into_o ireland_n in_o the_o three_o and_o forty_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n be_v anno_fw-la 1601._o it_o be_v command_v by_o proclamation_n as_o also_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o have_v provide_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v over_o english_a money_n into_o ireland_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o rebel_n draw_v unto_o themselves_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o to_o buy_v ammunition_n and_o provision_n for_o the_o war_n and_o from_o thence_o the_o merchant_n carry_v it_o into_o foreign_a country_n to_o the_o great_a detriment_n of_o england_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o serious_a deliberation_n than_o have_v about_o change_v the_o irish_a coyâ—_n by_o mingle_v some_o brass_n with_o it_o foâ—_n that_o the_o irish_a war_n draw_v yearly_a oâ—â—_n of_o england_n 160000_o l._n sterling_n here_o upon_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o thâ—_n charge_v of_o the_o war_n may_v be_v abate_v that_o all_o the_o good_a money_n migâ—â—_n by_o exchange_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o ireland_n into_o england_n that_o so_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o good_a money_n faileâ—_n will_v be_v exclude_v from_o all_o commerce_n with_o foreigner_n and_o of_o necessity_n weaken_v other_o argue_v 〈◊〉_d the_o contrary_a that_o this_o change_n woulâ—_n redound_v to_o the_o dishonour_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o the_o good_a money_n of_o ireland_n can_v not_o be_v draw_v thence_o without_o a_o great_a charge_n to_o the_o queen_n that_o the_o gain_v get_v thereby_o if_o new_a money_n be_v coin_v in_o england_n will_v not_o when_o the_o account_n be_v cast_v up_o countervail_v the_o charge_n of_o carry_v over_o ireland_n a_o mint_n not_o profitable_a to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o ireland_n and_o much_o less_o if_o it_o be_v coin_v in_o ireland_n where_o a_o mint_n must_v needs_o be_v set_v up_o at_o great_a charge_n and_o minter_n must_v be_v hire_v for_o great_a wage_n neither_o can_v the_o commerce_n of_o the_o rebel_n with_o foreigner_n be_v impeach_v whilst_o there_o be_v silver_n in_o the_o new_a coin_n which_o the_o merchant_n know_v well_o enough_o how_o to_o separate_v unto_o who_o it_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o he_o receive_v one_o piece_n of_o money_n or_o three_o of_o the_o same_o value_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v lest_o the_o soldier_n will_v mutiny_v for_o thereby_o their_o pay_n will_v be_v diminish_v but_o buckhurst_n lord_n treasusurer_n a_o man_n very_o skilful_a in_o money_n matter_n with_o much_o ado_n extort_a from_o the_o queen_n out_o of_o necessity_n for_o that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o time_n which_o he_o urge_v that_o the_o money_n shall_v be_v change_v for_o a_o time_n to_o be_v call_v back_o again_o afterward_o to_o the_o high_a value_n for_o she_o many_o time_n say_v that_o this_o will_v depress_v her_o fame_n and_o be_v grievous_a to_o the_o army_n yet_o do_v the_o army_n continue_v without_o tumult_n and_o commotion_n through_o the_o queen_n rare_a happiness_n which_o retain_v her_o authority_n with_o her_o people_n join_v with_o love_n to_o the_o army_n certain_o it_o prove_v a_o
great_a loss_n whether_o it_o turn_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o queen_n or_o no_o be_v not_o know_v but_o to_o the_o treasurer_n and_o paymaster_n without_o doubt_n it_o bring_v in_o good_a gain_n who_o avarice_n which_o be_v a_o diligent_a searcher_n of_o hide_a gain_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v devise_v it_o the_o money_n now_o general_o use_v in_o ireland_n there_o be_v little_a of_o english_a because_o prohibit_v to_o be_v transport_v thither_o beyond_o the_o sum_n of_o five_o pound_n as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o trade_n between_o both_o kingdom_n be_v most_o of_o all_o spanish_a coin_n to_o wit_n piece_n of_o eight_o at_o 4_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o piece_n consist_v of_o plate_n piece_n mexico_n and_o old_a peru_n with_o half_a and_o quarter_n piece_n the_o new_a perue_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o good_a quantity_n be_v not_o long_o since_o call_v in_o and_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v think_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o falsify_v convert_v into_o plate_n to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o some_o in_o dublin_n and_o the_o no_o small_a loss_n at_o that_o time_n of_o a_o great_a many_o people_n in_o ireland_n a_o piece_n of_o old_a english_a gold_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v see_v in_o ireland_n except_o what_o be_v close_o keep_v in_o private_a hand_n though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a proportion_n thereof_o before_o the_o late_a war_n which_o common_o pass_v from_o hand_n to_o hand_n in_o ordinary_a payment_n there_o be_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o brass_n coin_n that_o be_v use_v there_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o change_n i_o have_v already_o hint_v building_n building_n how_o that_o the_o irish_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o barbarous_a law_n and_o custom_n do_v never_o build_v any_o house_n of_o brick_n or_o stone_n some_o few_o poor_a religious_a house_n except_v before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o which_o seem_v as_o manifest_v as_o strange_a by_o the_o entertainment_n of_o the_o say_a king_n receive_v at_o their_o chief_a city_n of_o dublin_n anno_fw-la 1172._o who_o be_v unavoidable_o necessitate_v for_o mere_a accommodation_n find_v there_o no_o fit_a place_n for_o his_o reception_n to_o set_v up_o a_o long_a house_n make_v of_o smooth_a wattles_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o country_n wherein_o he_o pompous_o entertain_v the_o greâ—t_a irish_a lord_n and_o prince_n at_o christmas_n all_o their_o fort_n castle_n stately_a building_n and_o other_o edifice_n be_v afterward_o erect_v by_o the_o english_a except_o as_o i_o say_v some_o of_o the_o maritine_n town_n which_o be_v build_v by_o the_o ostmanni_n or_o easterling_n who_o ancient_o come_v and_o inhabit_a ireland_n peace_n the_o building_n of_o ireland_n much_o improve_v by_o the_o last_o forty_o year_n peace_n during_o the_o last_o forty_o year_n peace_n in_o ireland_n there_o be_v many_o lovely_a house_n build_v through_o most_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n by_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n with_o delicate_a improvement_n in_o orchard_n garden_n and_o enclosure_n correspondent_a thereunto_o there_o be_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o way_n of_o imitation_n the_o like_a good_a endeavour_n of_o make_v handsome_a improvement_n and_o building_n by_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o irish_a both_o in_o town_n and_o country_n but_o the_o fair_a dwelling_n of_o the_o english_a be_v so_o bad_o handle_v by_o the_o irish_a in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o war_n that_o scarce_o any_o part_n of_o they_o except_o the_o main_a wall_n escape_v from_o fire_v upon_o which_o be_v general_o make_v of_o massy_a stone_n the_o english_a have_v rebuilt_a and_o be_v building_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n upon_o new_a foundation_n many_o fair_a structure_n but_o that_o which_o have_v be_v hitherto_o ireland_n the_o nasty_a irish_a cabin_n a_o great_a blemish_n to_o ireland_n and_o i_o doubt_v will_v ever_o hereafter_o be_v a_o blemish_n to_o the_o flourish_a state_n of_o ireland_n in_o point_n of_o building_n be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o nasty-smoaky-cabbin_n every_o where_o make_v up_o of_o wattles_n without_o any_o chimney_n wherein_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o irish_a do_v well_o which_o can_v be_v altogether_o ascribe_v to_o their_o mere_a poverty_n and_o ancient_a custom_n but_o rather_o much_o more_o to_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o tenure_n whereby_o they_o hold_v the_o same_o be_v tenant_n only_o but_o from_o may_v to_o may_v that_o so_o they_o may_v more_o easy_o quit_v their_o station_n and_o try_v their_o fortune_n else_o where_o for_o a_o other_o year_n though_o many_o time_n to_o as_o little_a effect_n in_o case_n they_o find_v themselves_o overmuch_o oppress_v by_o their_o landlord_n their_o parish_n church_n be_v general_o as_o mean_o build_v in_o ireland_n as_o their_o practice_n be_v in_o religion_n but_o now_o that_o the_o country_n come_v to_o be_v inhabit_v by_o a_o more_o civil_a and_o better_a principled_a people_n it_o may_v be_v just_o hope_v and_o likewise_o expect_v that_o there_o will_v be_v by_o degree_n a_o reformation_n in_o this_o particular_a as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o matter_n of_o less_o moment_n since_o the_o handsome_a building_n and_o adorn_v of_o church_n do_v conduce_v much_o to_o draw_v the_o rude_a people_n to_o the_o the_o reverence_v and_o frequent_v thereof_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n their_o law_n religion_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o number_n language_n stature_n diet_n attire_n recreation_n name_n and_o surname_n i_o have_v already_o declare_v how_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n come_v hither_o out_o of_o britain_n law_n inhabitant_n and_o law_n now_o call_v england_n and_o wales_n and_o therefore_o shall_v proceed_v to_o give_v some_o far_a account_n touch_v the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a the_o brehon_n law_n by_o which_o the_o irish_a govern_v themselves_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o right_n unwritten_a but_o deliver_v by_o tradition_n from_o one_o to_o another_o in_o which_o often_o time_n there_o appear_v great_a show_n of_o equity_n in_o determine_v the_o right_n between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o in_o many_o thing_n repugn_v quite_o both_o to_o god_n law_n and_o man_n law_n the_o partiality_n and_o impiety_n of_o the_o brehon_n irish_a law_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o case_n of_o murder_n the_o brehon_n that_o be_v their_o judge_n will_v compound_v between_o the_o murderer_n and_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n murder_v which_o prosecute_v the_o action_n that_o the_o malefactor_n shall_v give_v unto_o they_o or_o to_o the_o child_n or_o wife_n of_o he_o that_o be_v slay_v a_o recompense_n which_o they_o call_v a_o eriach_n by_o which_o vile_a law_n of_o they_o many_o murder_n among_o they_o be_v make_v up_o and_o smother_v and_o this_o judge_n be_v as_o he_o be_v call_v the_o lord_n brehon_n adjudge_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o better_a share_n unto_o this_o lord_n that_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o the_o head_n of_o that_o sept_n and_o also_o unto_o himself_o for_o his_o judgement_n a_o great_a portion_n then_o unto_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o party_n grieve_v ireland_n sir_n edward_n poynings_n the_o best_a reformer_n of_o the_o law_n of_o ireland_n he_o that_o give_v the_o fair_a beginning_n to_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o ireland_n of_o any_o till_o his_o time_n be_v sir_n edward_n poynings_n lord_n deputy_n of_o ireland_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o find_v in_o that_o realm_n nothing_o but_o a_o common_a misery_n take_v the_o best_a course_n he_o possible_o can_v to_o establish_v there_o a_o well_o govern_v commonwealth_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o hold_v a_o parliament_n no_o less_o famous_a than_o that_o of_o kilkenny_n and_o more_o available_a for_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o whereas_o all_o wise_a man_n do_v ever_o concur_v in_o opinion_n that_o the_o ready_a way_n to_o 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gallant_a and_o true_o meritorious_a ireland_n the_o irish_a unanimous_o agree_v to_o root_v the_o english_a out_o of_o ireland_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o first_o and_o most_o bloody_a execution_n be_v make_v in_o the_o prevince_n of_o ulster_n and_o there_o they_o continue_v long_a to_o execute_v their_o rage_n and_o cruelty_n yet_o must_v it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o other_o three_o province_n do_v concur_v with_o they_o as_o it_o be_v with_o one_o common_a consent_n to_o destroy_v and_o pluck_v up_o by_o the_o root_n all_o the_o british_a plant_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n they_o go_v on_o not_o only_o murder_v strip_v and_o drive_v out_o all_o of_o they_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n but_o they_o lay_v waste_v their_o habitation_n burn_v their_o evidence_n deface_v in_o many_o place_n all_o the_o monument_n of_o civility_n and_o devotion_n the_o court_n and_o place_n of_o the_o english_a government_n nay_o as_o 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his_o subject_n of_o ireland_n as_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1640._o upon_o their_o complaint_n and_o a_o general_a remonstrance_n send_v over_o unto_o he_o from_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n then_o sit_v at_o dublin_n by_o a_o committee_n of_o four_o temporal_a lord_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n and_o twelve_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o with_o instruction_n to_o represent_v the_o heavy_a pressure_n they_o have_v for_o some_o time_n suffer_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n he_o take_v these_o grievance_n into_o his_o royal_a consideration_n descend_v so_o far_o to_o their_o satisfaction_n as_o that_o he_o hear_v they_o himself_o and_o make_v present_a provision_n for_o their_o redress_n and_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o mr._n wandsford_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o ireland_n and_o then_o lord_n deputy_n there_o under_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o still_o continue_v lord_n lieutenant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n though_o 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or_o bill_n in_o civil_a cause_n to_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o at_o the_o councel-board_n or_o before_o any_o other_o by_o their_o authority_n they_o by_o his_o majesty_n gracious_a direction_n give_v way_n to_o the_o parliament_n to_o abate_v the_o subsidy_n there_o give_v in_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n time_n and_o then_o in_o collection_n from_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n each_o subsidy_n to_o twelve_o thousand_o pound_n a_o piece_n so_o low_o do_v they_o think_v fit_a to_o reduce_v they_o and_o they_o be_v far_o content_v because_o they_o see_v his_o majesty_n most_o absolute_o resolve_v to_o give_v the_o irish_a agent_n full_a satisfaction_n to_o draw_v up_o two_o act_n to_o be_v pass_v in_o the_o parliament_n most_o impetuous_o desire_v by_o the_o native_n the_o one_o be_v the_o act_n of_o limitation_n which_o unquestionable_o settle_v all_o estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n quiet_o enjoy_v without_o claim_n or_o interruption_n for_o the_o space_n of_o sixty_o year_n immediate_o precede_v the_o other_o be_v for_o the_o relinquishment_n of_o the_o right_n and_o title_n which_o his_o majesty_n have_v to_o the_o four_o county_n in_o connaght_n legal_o find_v for_o he_o by_o several_a inquisition_n take_v in_o they_o and_o ready_a to_o be_v dispose_v upon_o a_o due_a survey_n to_o british_a undertaker_n as_o also_o to_o some_o territory_n of_o good_a extant_a in_o monster_n and_o the_o county_n of_o clare_n upon_o the_o same_o title_n thus_o be_v the_o present_a government_n most_o sweet_o temper_v and_o carry_v on_o with_o great_a lenity_n and_o moderation_n the_o lord_n justice_n and_o council_n whole_o depart_v from_o the_o rigour_n of_o former_a course_n do_v gentle_o unbend_v themselves_o into_o a_o happy_a and_o just_a compliance_n with_o the_o seasonable_a desire_n of_o the_o people_n and_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o may_v far_o testify_v his_o own_o settle_a resolution_n for_o the_o continuation_n thereof_o with_o the_o same_o tender_a hand_n over_o they_o have_v first_o give_v full_a satisfaction_n in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o parliament_n still_o attend_v their_o dispatch_n do_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o may_n 1641._o declare_v kobert_n earl_n of_o leicester_n lord_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n he_o be_v heir_n to_o sir_n philip_n sidney_n his_o uncle_n as_o well_o as_o to_o sir_n henry_n sidney_n his_o grandfather_n who_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o much_o integrity_n long_o continue_v chief_a governor_n of_o ireland_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o be_v a_o person_n of_o excellent_a ability_n by_o nature_n great_a acquisition_n from_o his_o own_o private_a industry_n and_o public_a employment_n abroad_o of_o exceed_v great_a temper_n and_o moderation_n be_v never_o engage_v in_o any_o public_a pressure_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o most_o likely_a to_o prove_v a_o just_a and_o gentle_a governor_n most_o please_a and_o acceptable_a to_o the_o people_n ireland_n the_o romish_a catholic_n private_o enjoy_v the_o exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n through_o all_o ireland_n moreover_o the_o romish_a catholic_n private_o enjoy_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n they_o have_v by_o the_o over_o great_a indulgence_n of_o the_o late_a governor_n their_o titular_a archbishop_n bishop_n vicar_n general_n provincial_a consistory_n dean_n abbot_n prior_n nun_n who_o all_o live_v free_o though_o somewhat_o covert_o among_o they_o and_o without_o control_v exercise_v a_o voluntary_a jurisdiction_n over_o they_o they_o have_v their_o priest_n jesuit_n and_o friar_n who_o be_v of_o late_a year_n exceed_o multiply_v and_o in_o great_a number_n return_v out_o of_o spain_n italy_n and_o other_o foreign_a part_n where_o the_o child_n of_o the_o native_n of_o ireland_n that_o way_n devote_v be_v send_v usual_o to_o receive_v their_o education_n and_o these_o without_o
six_o that_o only_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v stand_v and_o of_o they_o such_o as_o shall_v refuse_v to_o conform_v to_o the_o romish_a religion_n to_o be_v remove_v and_o other_o put_v in_o their_o room_n howsoever_o the_o than_o present_a earl_n of_o kildare_n be_v to_o be_v exclude_v and_o another_o establish_v in_o his_o place_n seven_o all_o plantation_n land_n to_o be_v recall_v and_o the_o ancient_a proprietor_n to_o be_v reinve_v in_o their_o former_a estate_n with_o the_o limitation_n in_o their_o covenant_n express_v that_o they_o have_v not_o former_o sell_v their_o interest_n on_o valuable_a consideration_n eight_o that_o the_o respective_a country_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v subdivide_v and_o certain_a bound_n or_o barony_n assign_v to_o the_o chief_a sept_n and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v to_o be_v answerable_a for_o the_o government_n thereof_o and_o that_o a_o stand_a army_n may_v be_v still_o in_o be_v the_o respective_a governor_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o man_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o all_o rise_n out_o as_o they_o term_v it_o they_o also_o be_v to_o build_v and_o maintain_v certain_a fortress_n in_o place_n most_o convenient_a within_o their_o precinct_n and_o that_o these_o governor_n shall_v be_v of_o absolute_a power_n only_o responsible_a to_o the_o parliament_n last_o for_o maintain_v a_o correspondency_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o for_o secure_v the_o coast_n that_o also_o they_o may_v be_v render_v considerable_a unto_o other_o a_o navy_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v that_o to_o this_o end_n five_o house_n be_v to_o be_v appoint_v one_o in_o each_o province_n account_v meath_z for_o one_o of_o they_o that_o to_o those_o house_n shall_v be_v allot_v a_o annual_a pension_n of_o certain_a thousand_o of_o pound_n to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o part_n of_o the_o land_n appropriate_v to_o abbey_n and_o a_o far_a contribution_n to_o 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ireland_n which_o have_v be_v within_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n mighty_o improve_v by_o clear_v of_o ground_n from_o a_o wilderness_n and_o thereby_o consequent_o give_v way_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o people_n habitation_n ireland_n be_v report_v to_o be_v general_o overgrow_v with_o wood_n in_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la his_o time_n though_o ireland_n be_v very_o populous_a before_o the_o last_o war_n and_o be_v compute_v to_o be_v half_a as_o big_a as_o england_n yet_o i_o dare_v not_o say_v that_o it_o contain_v half_a as_o many_o people_n as_o england_n do_v because_o above_o one_o four_o part_n of_o ireland_n be_v take_v up_o with_o unprofitable_a bog_n lake_n and_o barren_a mountain_n and_o for_o that_o the_o town_n city_n of_o england_n be_v far_o great_a and_o more_o numerous_a in_o proportion_n than_o those_o of_o ireland_n in_o so_o much_o as_o that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n itself_o may_v be_v think_v to_o contain_v more_o people_n than_o one_o half_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n in_o the_o best_a of_o time_n but_o whether_o ireland_n do_v in_o its_o prime_n contain_v two_o million_o of_o people_n or_o what_o more_o i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v but_o do_v submit_v the_o decision_n of_o so_o doubtful_a a_o matter_n to_o more_o know_v person_n together_o with_o the_o enquiry_n whither_o in_o time_n to_o come_v when_o ireland_n shall_v be_v full_o inhabit_v it_o may_v be_v think_v though_o mix_o the_o english_a may_v inhabit_v the_o proportion_n of_o about_o one_o province_n and_o a_o half_a of_o it_o though_o most_o numerous_a in_o the_o province_n of_o monster_n and_o leinster_n the_o irish_a the_o like_a proportion_n of_o one_o province_n and_o a_o half_a more_o though_o most_o numerous_a in_o the_o province_n of_o connnaght_n and_o the_o scot_n inhabit_v the_o proportion_n of_o a_o four_o part_n of_o ireland_n but_o more_o numerous_a in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n than_o in_o any_o other_o the_o irish_a tongue_n be_v sharp_a and_o sententious_a language_n their_o language_n offer_v great_a occasion_n to_o quick_a apothegm_n and_o proper_a allusion_n wherefore_o their_o common_a jester_n bard_n and_o rymer_n be_v say_v to_o delight_v pass_o those_o that_o conceive_v the_o grace_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o tongue_n but_o the_o true_a irish_a indeed_o differ_v so_o much_o from_o that_o they_o they_o common_o speak_v that_o scarce_o one_o among_o five_o score_n can_v either_o write_v read_v or_o understand_v it_o therefore_o it_o be_v prescribe_v among_o certain_a their_o poetes_n and_o other_o student_n of_o antiquity_n the_o italian_a spanish_a and_o french_a tongue_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o latin_a the_o german_a high_a and_o low_a country_n saxon_n scotland_n and_o english_a have_v great_a affinity_n north-wales_n south-wales_n cornwall_n and_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n as_o cambrensis_fw-la and_o sir_n john_n price_n have_v learned_o discourse_v but_o the_o irish_a except_o the_o redshanks_n and_o the_o scottish_a of_o the_o highland_n have_v affinity_n with_o no_o tongue_n as_o i_o can_v learn_v more_o than_o with_o the_o british_a language_n many_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o induce_v one_o to_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n first_o of_o all_o according_a to_o the_o first_o command_n the_o celtic_a tongue_n be_v of_o force_n in_o all_o these_o northern_a part_n bodinus_fw-la write_v that_o the_o british_a and_o celtic_a language_n be_v all_o one_o pausanius_n the_o grecian_a make_v mention_v how_o the_o celts_n in_o their_o language_n call_v a_o horse_n marc_n and_o three_o horse_n trimarc_n the_o which_o the_o welshman_n use_v to_o this_o day_n with_o a_o guttural_a alteration_n margh_n and_o treemargh_n also_o camden_n the_o learned_a antiquary_n of_o this_o our_o age_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n remember_v the_o story_n of_o gurguntius_n and_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o british_a word_n in_o use_n among_o the_o irish_a the_o which_o
province_n of_o leinster_n and_o connaght_n for_o the_o space_n of_o about_o fourscore_o mile_n except_o the_o necessity_n of_o once_o unload_v the_o same_o by_o reason_n of_o athlone_n bridge_n which_o notable_a inconvenience_n i_o mean_v of_o the_o cataract_n be_v propound_v by_o some_o and_o absolute_o intend_v to_o be_v quite_o take_v away_o in_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n time_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a by_o turn_v the_o watercourse_n of_o the_o river_n shannon_n somewhat_o eastward_n through_o a_o large_a bogg_n near_o adjoin_v to_o its_o old_a channel_n which_o will_v appear_v very_o feasible_a to_o any_o judicious_a person_n that_o will_v view_v the_o same_o but_o the_o unhappy_a trouble_n that_o soon_o ensue_v there_o quite_o overthrow_v this_o as_o well_o as_o many_o other_o noble_a design_n of_o public_a concern_v which_o undoubted_o shall_v have_v be_v both_o undertake_v and_o effect_v ere_o now_o if_o peace_n have_v continue_v to_o the_o infinite_a good_a and_o honour_n of_o that_o kingdom_n clonmell_v clonmell_n clonmell_n in_o the_o county_n of_o typperary_n a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o consequence_n and_o likely_a to_o become_v very_o rich_a as_o in_o part_n already_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o convenient_a situation_n upon_o the_o river_n shower_v passable_a to_o it_o by_o boat_n twenty_o mile_n above_o waterford_n and_o for_o that_o it_o be_v the_o place_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o say_a county_n late_o make_v palatine_n which_o county_n for_o goodness_n of_o land_n large_a extent_n and_o convenient_a situation_n may_v be_v esteem_v the_o second_o best_a or_o at_o least_o one_o of_o the_o second_o best_a in_o all_o ireland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o connaght_n gallaway_n gallaway_n gallaway_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n a_o bishop_n see_v and_o the_o three_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o beauty_n and_o bigness_n situate_v near_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o great_a lake_n or_o river_n corbes_n in_o the_o western_a ocean_n a_o note_a emporie_n and_o late_o of_o so_o great_a fame_n with_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o a_o outlandish_a merchant_n meet_v with_o a_o irishman_n demand_v in_o what_o part_n of_o gallaway_n ireland_n stand_v as_o if_o gallaway_n have_v be_v the_o name_n of_o ireland_n and_o ireland_n only_o the_o name_n of_o some_o town_n that_o gallaway_n be_v but_o of_o late_a erection_n or_o at_o least_o not_o grow_v note_v and_o famous_a for_o trade_n till_o this_o last_o century_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o building_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v all_o new_a as_o it_o be_v and_o uniform_a and_o by_o some_o figure_n upon_o the_o town_n wall_n which_o intimate_v that_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o be_v either_o new_o erect_v or_o at_o least_o re-edify_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n and_o one_o may_v be_v far_o confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n by_o the_o information_n of_o know_v person_n in_o those_o part_n who_o confident_o affirm_v by_o tradition_n that_o gallaway_n till_o of_o late_a time_n be_v but_o a_o poor_a fisher-town_n to_o which_o many_o poor_a people_n resort_v yearly_a in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n to_o take_v herring_n where_o many_o be_v most_o common_o catch_v about_o that_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o employment_n of_o many_o poor_a people_n and_o that_o athenree_a eight_o mile_n distance_n from_o gallaway_n now_o but_o a_o ruinous_a place_n though_o still_o pretty_a well_o wall_v about_o be_v ancient_o esteem_v the_o principal_a town_n of_o those_o part_n and_o then_o likely_a but_o a_o sorry_a one_o too_o but_o good_a enough_o for_o those_o time_n and_o place_n when_o general_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o connaght_n and_o most_o part_n of_o ireland_n live_v in_o a_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a manner_n neither_o eat_v except_v irish_a spoale_n without_o salt_n or_o sauce_n nor_o drink_v well_o nor_o yet_o wear_v good_a clothes_n and_o then_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o merchant_n manufactory_a and_o consequent_o of_o good_a to_n sleygo_n sleygo_n sleygo_n be_v the_o chief_a town_n of_o that_o county_n be_v but_o a_o very_a poor_a one_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1652._o have_v be_v total_o ruin_v by_o the_o late_a war_n and_o nothing_o leave_v of_o it_o but_o some_o few_o bare_a wall_n and_o a_o company_n of_o poor_a irish_a cabin_n to_o distinguish_v the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v but_o when_o one_o reflect_v upon_o the_o excellent_a situation_n thereof_o as_o first_o seat_v on_o a_o great_a pass_n the_o best_a and_o upon_o the_o matter_n the_o sole_a convenient_a thoroughfare_a of_o all_o connaght_n into_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n flank_v on_o the_o west_n by_o a_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o safe_o bring_v to_o it_o ship_n of_o indifferent_a good_a burden_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o a_o loch_n or_o lake_n of_o about_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n out_o of_o which_o run_v into_o the_o bay_a a_o good_a stream_n of_o water_n pass_v under_o a_o bridge_n divide_v the_o town_n into_o two_o part_n wherein_o be_v frequent_o take_v great_a store_n of_o brave_a salmon_n pike_n and_o trout_n and_o overlook_v also_o from_o a_o near_a hill_n by_o a_o very_a strong_a fort_n to_o protect_v it_o the_o whole_a country_n about_o it_o enrich_v with_o as_o good_a land_n as_o any_o in_o ireland_n and_o plant_v with_o a_o late_a english_a colony_n the_o better_a to_o secure_v this_o great_a pass_n resort_v to_o from_o far_o and_o near_o by_o very_o many_o people_n to_o buy_v cattle_n as_o sheep_n and_o horse_n etc._n etc._n be_v one_o of_o the_o famous_a mart_n for_o that_o purpose_n of_o any_o in_o that_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o neighbour_a within_o few_o mile_n of_o the_o great_a lake_n earn_v bound_v between_o the_o province_n of_o connaght_n and_o ulster_n be_v thirty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o fifteen_o in_o breadth_n by_o which_o merchantable_a commodity_n may_v with_o much_o conveniency_n be_v convey_v by_o boat_n of_o good_a burden_n into_o many_o part_n of_o ulster_n and_o other_o adjacent_a country_n border_v upon_o that_o lake_n i_o say_v sleygo_n be_v thus_o happy_o situate_v and_o accompany_v with_o so_o many_o advantage_n will_v without_o doubt_n become_v ere_o long_o a_o very_a handsome_a town_n from_o late_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v but_o a_o very_a poor_a and_o beggarly_a village_n to_o the_o great_a strengthen_n of_o the_o english_a interest_n thereabouts_o which_o will_v be_v always_o of_o great_a consequence_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o advantageous_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o will_v therewithal_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n james-town_n james-town_n james-town_n in_o the_o county_n of_o letrim_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n king_n james_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o it_o well_o wall_v but_o the_o building_n within_o almost_o whole_o ruinate_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o war._n a_o place_n commodious_o seat_v for_o trade_n upon_o the_o river_n shannon_n be_v passable_a by_o boat_n from_o thence_o as_o far_o as_o killaloo_n near_o limrick_n which_o be_v fourscore_o mile_n or_o thereabouts_o except_o the_o necessity_n as_o i_o say_v of_o once_o unlade_v by_o reason_n of_o athlone_n bridge_n a_o town_n fit_a to_o be_v careful_o look_v after_o both_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o trading_n as_o also_o for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o those_o part_n against_o any_o ill_n dispose_v irish_a who_o either_o live_n thereabouts_o or_o resort_v thither_o from_o other_o part_n upon_o design_n of_o trouble_n may_v very_o much_o annoy_v the_o british_a planter_n in_o the_o adjacent_a county_n the_o country_n of_o letrim_n be_v one_o of_o the_o strong_a fastness_n by_o reason_n it_o overmuch_o abound_v with_o bog_n and_o wood_n fit_a place_n for_o rebel_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o of_o any_o one_o county_n in_o ireland_n and_o border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v former_o the_o very_a nest_n for_o they_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v too_o often_o frequent_v by_o those_o kind_n of_o unhappy_a creature_n athlone_n athlone_n athlone_n a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o the_o key_n of_o connaght_n be_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n shannon_n and_o join_v by_o a_o stately_a stone_n bridge_n build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n on_o connaght_n side_n whereon_o stand_v a_o goodly_a castle_n have_v be_v enlarge_v of_o late_a and_o strong_o fortify_v with_o a_o earthen_a wall_n so_o that_o lie_v thus_o commodious_a for_o traffic_n the_o river_n shannon_n be_v passable_a as_o i_o say_v by_o boat_n from_o james-town_n hither_o and_o from_o hence_o to_o killaloo_n and_o moreover_o like_a to_o be_v much_o resort_v to_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o court_n of_o presidency_n to_o be_v
hold_v here_o for_o the_o province_n of_o connaght_n and_o be_v also_o the_o great_a thoroughfare_n from_o lynster_n to_o connaght_n and_o so_o from_o thence_o to_o dublin_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n cause_v it_o in_o time_n to_o become_v a_o flourish_a place_n though_o now_o but_o beginning_n to_o revive_v from_o its_o late_a desolation_n to_o its_o pristine_a lustre_n in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n both_o situate_v on_o the_o sea_n side_n dundalke_n carlingford_n and_o dundalke_n and_o within_o the_o county_n of_o louth_n likely_a to_o be_v thrive_a place_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o convenient_a situation_n for_o traffic_n and_o the_o brave_a plant_v country_n with_o english_a thereabouts_o knockefergus_n knockefergus_n knockefergus_n the_o chief_a of_o antrim_n more_o proper_a rockefergus_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n call_v carigfergus_n by_o the_o irish_a from_o one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o irish-scot_n who_o there_o suffer_v shipwreck_n seat_v upon_o a_o large_a and_o capacious_a bay_n which_o give_v it_o both_o a_o safe_a and_o commodious_a port_n as_o well_o by_o natural_a situation_n as_o the_o work_n of_o art_n very_o strong_o fortify_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o scot_n in_o cantire_a from_o which_o little_a distant_a london-derry_n london-derry_n london-derry_n a_o colony_n of_o londoner_n the_o best_a build_v town_n of_o any_o in_o the_o north_n of_o ireland_n situate_v in_o a_o peninsula_n of_o forty_o acre_n on_o the_o one_o side_n environ_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o with_o a_o river_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n impassable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o soil_n always_o deep_a and_o moorish_a this_o city_n be_v thus_o strong_o situate_v by_o nature_n and_o make_v strong_a by_o art_n will_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o chief_a town_n of_o this_o province_n soon_o become_v very_o considerable_a in_o point_n of_o wealth_n and_o power_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o speedy_a plant_n of_o this_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o great_a confluence_n of_o the_o neighbour_a scot_n with_o many_o other_o who_o yearly_a repair_n hither_o out_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o same_o score_n which_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n be_v timely_o experiment_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n who_o have_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v more_o fortunate_a especial_o at_o first_o by_o receive_v their_o lot_n in_o this_o province_n though_o compute_v the_o mean_a and_o so_o according_o rate_v in_o their_o quitrent_n than_o they_o who_o get_v their_o respective_a proportion_n of_o land_n for_o their_o arrear_n in_o the_o other_o two_o province_n of_o lynster_n and_o munster_n which_o fall_v in_o the_o main_a upon_o the_o first_o settlement_n much_o short_a of_o man_n expectation_n as_o to_o this_o particular_a in_o the_o province_n of_o lynster_n weishford_n or_o wexford_n wexford_n wexford_n situate_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n slay_v the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o town_n in_o ireland_n which_o receive_v a_o colony_n of_o english_a this_o town_n hold_v a_o very_a good_a correspondency_n by_o way_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n and_o have_v before_o it_o within_o a_o sandy_a bar_n lie_v between_o it_o and_o the_o sea_n a_o fair_a pool_n wherein_o most_o common_o be_v take_v yearly_o great_a store_n of_o herring_n which_o be_v transport_v beyond_o sea_n to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o this_o place_n the_o river_n be_v navigable_a by_o small_a boat_n up_o to_o ynish-corfey_a about_o six_o mile_n above_o this_o town_n where_o there_o be_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o iron_n make_v which_o be_v carry_v down_o this_o river_n to_o be_v disperse_v into_o several_a part_n of_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n kilkenny_n kilkenny_n kilkenny_n on_o the_o river_n newre_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o ossery_n and_o the_o fair_a town_n of_o all_o the_o island_n so_o call_v quasi_fw-la cella_n cannici_fw-la the_o cell_n or_o monastery_n of_o canninus_n a_o man_n of_o great_a renown_n in_o those_o day_n for_o piety_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o country_n this_o city_n beside_o that_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o very_a brave_a and_o well_o inhabit_v country_n be_v also_o honour_a with_o two_o noble_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n in_o and_o near_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o castle_n of_o kilkenny_n in_o it_o and_o donmore_n house_n near_o it_o ross_z ross_n ross_n once_o populous_a well_o trade_v and_o of_o large_a circumference_n but_o of_o late_a very_o ruinous_a nothing_o almost_o remain_v but_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v build_v by_o isabel_n the_o daughter_n of_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n the_o fortunate_a conqueror_n of_o this_o island_n for_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o now_o begin_v to_o be_v pretty_a well_o inhabit_v and_o well_o deserve_v to_o be_v far_o improve_v by_o the_o advance_v of_o manufacture_n and_o commerce_n as_o be_v situate_v upon_o a_o brave_a navigable_a river_n where_o ship_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o tun_n may_v safe_o ride_v before_o the_o key_n of_o it_o as_o yet_o destitute_a of_o any_o considerable_a trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o too_o near_a neighbourhood_n to_o the_o city_n of_o waterford_n but_o when_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o come_v to_o be_v better_o inhabit_v with_o english_a than_o it_o may_v be_v well_o hope_v this_o town_n will_v become_v a_o place_n of_o good_a consideration_n and_o consequence_n caterlough_v common_o but_o corrupt_o carlough_n carlough_n carlough_n have_v in_o it_o a_o strong_a castle_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o that_o county_n be_v now_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a beginning_n have_v be_v whole_o destroy_v by_o the_o late_a war_n grow_v to_o be_v a_o very_a fine_a market_n town_n increase_v both_o in_o wealth_n and_o good_a building_n situate_v near_o a_o pleasant_a river_n navigable_a by_o boat_n from_o ross_n hither_o place_v in_o a_o fertile_a and_o well_o inhabit_v country_n thirty_o mile_n from_o dublin_n and_o in_o a_o very_a convenient_a stage_n thither_o from_o the_o great_a part_n of_o munster_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leinster_n which_o do_v and_o will_v hereafter_o much_o conduce_v to_o its_o enlargement_n tredagh_o tredagh_n tredagh_n more_o proper_o droghedagh_o situate_v on_o the_o river_n boine_n on_o the_o edge_n of_o ulster_n to_o which_o province_n belong_v so_o much_o of_o the_o town_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o that_o river_n a_o very_a fair_a and_o populous_a city_n as_o well_o by_o art_n as_o nature_n very_o strong_o fortify_v and_o furnish_v with_o a_o large_a and_o commodious_a haven_n it_o take_v the_o name_n droghedah_n from_o the_o bridge_n there_o build_v upon_o the_o river_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o passage_n as_o the_o word_n signify_v in_o that_o language_n and_o therefore_o call_v pontena_n by_o some_o latin_a writer_n dublin_n dublin_n dublin_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o eblana_n of_o ptolemy_n by_o the_o irish_a call_v balacleigh_n because_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o fenny_a and_o moorish_a soil_n it_o be_v build_v on_o pile_n as_o the_o word_n do_v signify_v in_o that_o language_n situate_v at_o or_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n life_n which_o afford_v it_o a_o commodious_a haven_n but_o that_o the_o entrance_n thereof_o be_v many_o time_n encumber_a with_o heap_n of_o sand._n the_o city_n very_o rich_a and_o populous_a as_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o the_o island_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o lord_n deputy_n a_o archbishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n beside_o the_o benefit_n redound_v from_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o those_o respect_n well_o fortify_v against_o all_o emergency_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o goodly_a building_n both_o private_a and_o public_a the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v the_o castle_n wherein_o the_o lord_n deputy_n reside_v build_v by_o henry_n loundres_n once_o once_o archbishop_n here_o a_o college_n found_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o the_o honour_n and_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n the_o cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o saint_n patrick_n the_o apostle_n of_o the_o irish_a nation_n a_o fair_a collegiate_n church_n call_v christ-church_n beside_o thirteen_o other_o destinate_a to_o parochial_a meeting_n be_v destroy_v almost_o to_o nothing_o in_o the_o danish_a war_n it_o be_v re-edify_v by_o harald_n surname_v harfarger_n king_n of_o the_o norwegian_n than_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o after_o the_o subjection_n of_o it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v people_v with_o a_o colony_n of_o bristol_n man_n this_o may_v be_v far_o observe_v that_o though_o dublin_n be_v not_o seat_v in_o the_o best_a and_o most_o convenient_a place_n that_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n yet_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o second_o best_a that_o be_v over_o against_o the_o middle_n of_o ireland_n and_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o near_a passage_n into_o