dispositio_fw-la be_v judicum_fw-la or_o methodus_fw-la judicium_fw-la est_fw-la axiomaticâ—m_fw-la or_o syllogisticum_fw-la my_o reason_n be_v these_o the_o art_n of_o reason_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o internal_a sense_n the_o best_a fancy_n invent_v best_a and_o that_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o hot_a brain_n cogitation_n serve_v judgement_n axiomatical_a and_o syllogistical_a and_o that_o be_v dry_a and_o the_o best_a memory_n be_v a_o airy_a moist_a brain_n ergo_fw-la whilst_o i_o see_v from_o this_o reason_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n that_o axiomatical_a and_o syllogistical_a judgement_n be_v thus_o combine_v and_o the_o other_o sever_v i_o think_v this_o art_n shall_v be_v thus_o divide_v according_a to_o their_o instrument_n as_o nature_n have_v sever_v they_o again_o our_o author_n distribute_v the_o second_o part_n into_o axioma_fw-la and_o discursus_fw-la and_o under_o discursus_fw-la he_o place_v syllogismus_fw-la and_o methodus_fw-la now_o these_o two_o can_v be_v join_v together_o for_o why_o what_o have_v method_n to_o do_v with_o syllogismus_fw-la method_n do_v not_o dispose_v syllogism_n but_o axiom_n again_o the_o use_n of_o a_o syllogism_n be_v to_o make_v clear_a that_o that_o be_v obscure_a and_o to_o manifest_a truth_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o truth_n belong_v to_o axiomatical_a judgement_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a if_o not_o then_o to_o syllogistical_a judgement_n but_o we_o bring_v our_o question_n after_o again_o to_o a_o axiom_n to_o see_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o ergo_fw-la these_o two_o work_n about_o one_o thing_n namely_o about_o truth_n therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v combine_v together_o so_o that_o syllogistical_a judgement_n be_v to_o make_v clear_a that_o which_o axiomatical_a judgement_n can_v not_o yet_o the_o doctrine_n of_o axioma_fw-la be_v before_o and_o syllogistical_a judgement_n have_v for_o his_o subject_n axioma_fw-la dubium_fw-la the_o exception_n against_o this_o rule_n be_v these_o first_o kickerman_n say_v there_o be_v no_o invention_n but_o there_o be_v judgement_n withal_o that_o be_v confess_v to_o be_v true_a in_o use_n as_o in_o grammar_n the_o use_n of_o etymology_n be_v never_o without_o syntax_n but_o the_o use_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o rule_v another_o there_o be_v no_o precept_n of_o invention_n that_o belong_v to_o judgement_n aut_fw-la contra_fw-la then_o he_o say_v who_o can_v invent_v but_o he_o must_v also_o judge_v for_o say_v he_o must_v not_o a_o man_n judge_v a_o cause_n before_o he_o find_v it_o this_o be_v also_o a_o fallace_n of_o use_n we_o can_v find_v a_o rule_n but_o we_o use_v both_o invention_n and_o judgement_n but_o by_o his_o argument_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o judgement_n but_o syllogistical_a then_o again_o he_o say_v invention_n be_v use_v for_o a_o three_o argument_n and_o not_o as_o ramus_n take_v it_o true_a it_o be_v the_o school_n think_v it_o only_o to_o belong_v to_o syllogism_n and_o that_o there_o be_v but_o the_o use_n of_o a_o argument_n not_o the_o doctrine_n of_o it_o but_o thus_o i_o argue_v be_v invention_n of_o a_o three_o argument_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v of_o a_o argument_n ergo_fw-la than_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o judgement_n for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o a_o simple_a conceit_n as_o he_o call_v it_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o judgement_n again_o if_o it_o be_v a_o three_o argument_n there_o wâ—s_v two_o before_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v argument_n dispose_v again_o when_o a_o three_o argument_n be_v find_v out_o do_v we_o not_o dispose_v pars_fw-la consequent_a quaestionis_fw-la in_o propositione_n and_o antecedens_fw-la in_o assumptione_n and_o so_o make_v the_o proposition_n a_o axiom_n and_o likewise_o the_o assumption_n ergo_fw-la a_o argument_n be_v place_v in_o a_o axiom_n as_o well_o as_o in_o a_o syllogism_n by_o their_o own_o confession_n therefore_o we_o see_v evident_o here_o that_o the_o use_n of_o a_o argument_n be_v common_a both_o to_o syllogistical_a and_o axiomatical_a judgement_n and_o i_o will_v ask_v whether_o causa_fw-la est_fw-la cujus_fw-la vi_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la when_o it_o be_v dispose_v with_o the_o effect_n be_v the_o same_o and_o have_v the_o same_o definition_n in_o a_o axiom_n that_o it_o have_v in_o a_o syllogism_n if_o they_o say_v it_o be_v the_o same_o ergo_fw-la common_a to_o both_o ergo_fw-la the_o doctrine_n of_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la etc._n etc._n must_v go_v before_o the_o doctrine_n of_o a_o axiom_n and_o a_o syllogism_n and_o method_n and_o must_v be_v distinct_a from_o they_o all_o for_o as_o method_n be_v distinct_a from_o axiomatical_a and_o syllogistical_a judgement_n and_o be_v before_o they_o because_o a_o axiom_n may_v be_v without_o they_o not_o contra_fw-la so_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o argument_n before_o the_o doctrine_n of_o axiom_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o kickerman_n confess_v as_o much_o whilst_o he_o distribute_v logic_n into_o terminus_fw-la simplex_fw-la complexus_fw-la and_o discursus_fw-la he_o say_v author_n of_o art_n be_v call_v inventor_n as_o hypocrates_n of_o medicina_fw-la aristotle_n of_o logic_n but_o do_v they_o not_o all_o judge_n they_o yes_o but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o invention_n and_o judgement_n be_v not_o divers_a thing_n so_o that_o this_o distribution_n stand_v firm_a and_o sure_a and_o as_o for_o his_o conceit_n to_o have_v invention_n teach_v in_o a_o syllogism_n we_o shall_v hear_v of_o it_o when_o we_o come_v there_o for_o it_o be_v very_o silly_a now_o for_o his_o distribution_n into_o three_o part_n it_o come_v to_o one_o with_o we_o for_o his_o first_o part_n terminus_fw-la simplex_fw-la so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v logic_n belong_v to_o invention_n so_o terminus_fw-la complexus_fw-la belong_v to_o axiomatical_a judgement_n and_o discursus_fw-la to_o syllogism_n and_o he_o will_v have_v it_o belong_v to_o method_n too_o but_o first_o the_o absurdity_n be_v these_o he_o do_v not_o follow_v reason_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o logic_n deliver_v for_o conceptus_fw-la simplex_fw-la be_v proper_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o thing_n when_o we_o see_v the_o truth_n thereof_o so_o that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o proper_a as_o invention_n now_o when_o i_o say_v inventio_fw-la i_o say_v that_o part_n that_o direct_v my_o reason_n to_o seek_v out_o thing_n secret_o wrap_v up_o in_o nature_n again_o while_o he_o make_v a_o distribution_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o logic_n by_o these_o precept_n we_o must_v understand_v the_o systema_fw-la of_o logic_n by_o a_o metonymy_n of_o the_o material_a cause_n and_o when_o he_o say_v a_o systema_fw-la of_o precept_n that_o be_v a_o far_o fetch_v trope_n again_o we_o never_o have_v more_o part_n than_o two_o in_o a_o distribution_n but_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n leave_v out_o for_o to_o admit_v of_o his_o distribution_n but_o be_v there_o not_o a_o community_n betwixt_o his_o terminus_fw-la complexus_fw-la and_o discursus_fw-la namely_o dispositio_fw-la ergo_fw-la here_o he_o want_v the_o rulâ—_n of_o dispositio_fw-la and_o so_o make_v his_o art_n imperfect_a now_o he_o plead_v for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o which_o we_o be_v not_o to_o admit_v of_o but_o of_o truth_n why_o his_o logic_n be_v not_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v it_o therefore_o nought_o now_o the_o use_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v this_o as_o we_o hear_v before_o logic_n take_v my_o reason_n and_o tell_v i_o the_o mark_n to_o shoot_v at_o so_o here_o it_o tell_v i_o that_o i_o must_v first_o invent_v and_o so_o i_o shall_v go_v orderly_o to_o work_v and_o then_o dispose_v for_o the_o bricklay_a must_n first_o have_v brick_n before_o he_o can_v make_v a_o brickwall_n and_o the_o grammarian_n must_v have_v word_n before_o he_o can_v make_v a_o sentence_n and_o as_o before_o argument_n be_v more_o general_a than_o axiom_n axiom_n than_o syllogism_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o one_o may_v be_v without_o the_o other_o not_o contra_fw-la as_o one_o be_v more_o general_a than_o two_o two_o than_o three_o etc._n etc._n because_o one_o may_v be_v without_o two_o or_o three_o etc._n etc._n not_o contra_fw-la so_o first_o we_o must_v invenire_fw-la and_o then_o judicare_fw-la that_o we_o may_v bene_fw-la disserere_fw-la for_o there_o be_v nothing_o betwixt_o they_o but_o when_o we_o have_v stone_n then_o we_o may_v build_v and_o whilst_o we_o find_v in_o the_o creature_n of_o god_n thing_n consider_v as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o and_o then_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o therefore_o so_o must_v reason_n be_v distribute_v into_o his_o two_o act_n and_o now_o we_o come_v to_o invention_n which_o be_v prima_fw-la pars_fw-la dialecticae_fw-la de_fw-la inveniendis_fw-la argumentis_fw-la first_o we_o have_v hear_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n inventio_fw-la betoken_v active_o the_o reason_n invent_v or_o find_v out_o and_o howsoever_o we_o may_v find_v it_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a act_n of_o logic_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o synecdoche_n and_o though_o we_o can_v but_o use_v judgement_n in_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v
conclusion_n of_o that_o which_o go_v before_o and_o of_o a_o proposition_n of_o that_o that_o follow_v a_o imperfect_a transition_n consist_v of_o either_o of_o these_o several_o and_o alone_o sic_fw-la igitur_fw-la poeta_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la primo_fw-la loco_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v this_o must_v be_v our_o care_n when_o we_o do_v any_o thing_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v of_o importance_n that_o we_o miss_v not_o this_o method_n but_o that_o we_o place_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o due_a order_n and_o method_n according_a to_o nature_n sic_fw-la ovid_n in_fw-la fastis_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o ovid_n in_o his_o calendar_n first_o set_v down_o the_o general_a definition_n of_o his_o work_n and_o then_o he_o distribute_v it_o into_o twelve_o part_n according_a to_o the_o twelve_o month_n of_o the_o year_n reprehend_v romulus_n for_o make_v but_o ten_o month_n but_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o time_n divide_v as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o romulus_n as_o afterward_o ergo_fw-la he_o do_v invent_v all_o the_o twelve_o month_n ergo_fw-la ovid_n be_v deceive_v in_o think_v that_o numa_n pompilius_n do_v make_v january_n and_o june_n now_o he_o call_v june_n janus_n because_o that_o month_n be_v dedicate_v to_o janus_n who_o some_o think_v be_v javan_n some_o no_n and_o the_o first_o day_n of_o this_o month_n be_v his_o holy_a day_n oratores_fw-la in_o prooemio_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o here_o we_o may_v see_v this_o one_o method_n that_o as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o art_n so_o be_v it_o use_v in_o poet_n and_o orator_n now_o the_o exordium_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o commoration_n the_o narration_n a_o description_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v to_o speak_v the_o confirmation_n a_o distribution_n etc._n etc._n sic_fw-la livius_n summam_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o example_n be_v for_o history_n chap._n xx._n de_fw-fr crypticis_fw-la methodi_fw-la haec_fw-la igitur_fw-la in_o variis_fw-la axiomatis_fw-la homogeneis_fw-la etc._n etc._n ramus_n have_v show_v we_o what_o method_n be_v and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o one_o now_o this_o exact_a order_n thereof_o be_v then_o when_o we_o desire_v to_o teach_v any_o thing_n plain_o at_o cum_fw-la delectatione_n motuve_fw-fr aliquo_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o a_o man_n be_v to_o deliver_v a_o art_n he_o must_v exact_o observe_v this_o method_n in_o every_o point_n but_o many_o time_n it_o fall_v out_o in_o discourse_n that_o disorder_n must_v be_v use_v not_o for_o the_o doctrine_n sake_n but_o because_o of_o the_o perversity_n of_o the_o hearer_n for_o they_o often_o go_v out_o of_o their_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n now_o this_o way_n be_v especial_o when_o we_o reject_v homogeny_n as_o orator_n use_v much_o to_o do_v and_o draw_v in_o heterogeny_n know_v that_o variety_n do_v delight_n sed_fw-la praecipue_fw-la rerum_fw-la ordo_fw-la initio_fw-la invertitur_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v a_o rule_n come_v in_o like_o a_o morris-dancer_n as_o aristotle_n place_v many_o out_o of_o order_n itaque_fw-la ad_fw-la illam_fw-la perfectae_fw-la methodi_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o then_o as_o we_o hear_v in_o a_o syllogism_n that_o there_o be_v a_o inversion_n of_o the_o part_n a_o superfluity_n and_o a_o defect_n so_o here_o in_o method_n haec_fw-la imperfectior_fw-la forma_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la detractis_fw-la rebus_fw-la mutila_fw-la est_fw-la vel_fw-la superaditis_fw-la rebus_fw-la redundat_fw-la sed_fw-la ordinis_fw-la svi_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la gradibus_fw-la inversis_fw-la praepostera_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la poeta_fw-la facit_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o crypsis_n be_v more_o often_o in_o poet_n than_o in_o orator_n or_o history_n though_o it_o be_v use_v much_o in_o history_n now_o populum_fw-la docendum_fw-la sibi_fw-la proponit_fw-la i._o belluam_fw-la multorun_v capitum_fw-la but_o indeed_o he_o deceive_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v only_o for_o delight_n this_o order_n be_v very_o usual_a in_o poetry_n and_o very_o pleasant_a in_o a_o tale_n or_o fable_n because_o when_o we_o read_v they_o we_o can_v rest_v quiet_a till_o we_o come_v to_o a_o end_n of_o they_o sic_fw-la ut_fw-la homerus_fw-la ait_fw-la homerus_fw-la iliada_fw-la disposuit_fw-la nec_fw-la gemino_fw-la bellum_fw-la trojanum_fw-la orditur_fw-la ab_fw-la ano_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o do_v not_o begin_v the_o trojan_a war_n from_o twenty_o egg_n in_o one_o of_o which_o egg_n helena_n be_v and_o castor_n and_o pollux_n in_o another_o semper_fw-la ad_fw-la eventum_fw-la festinat_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o iliad_n one_o will_v think_v that_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o ten_o year_n but_o indeed_o thereby_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o bring_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o year_n before_o so_o virgil_n fetch_v aeneas_n from_o sicily_n which_o be_v a_o little_a from_o carthage_n etc._n etc._n sic_fw-la commici_fw-la poeta_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o there_o every_o thing_n must_v seem_v to_o come_v by_o chance_n not_o of_o purpose_n oratores_fw-la vero_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o refer_v all_o to_o victory_n they_o be_v like_o lawyer_n and_o therefore_o think_v they_o may_v lie_v at_o pleasure_n therefore_o they_o will_v place_v their_o strong_a argument_n first_o that_o their_o auditor_n may_v chew_v the_o cud_n upon_o they_o and_o then_o they_o put_v out_o their_o mean_a argument_n in_o the_o middle_n whilst_o their_o auditor_n be_v meditate_v on_o the_o first_o and_o then_o at_o last_o by_o that_o time_n the_o auditor_n have_v well_o think_v of_o the_o first_o they_o bring_v out_o one_o or_o two_o strong_a one_o more_o to_o make_v their_o auditor_n believe_v that_o they_o in_o the_o middle_n be_v like_a to_o the_o first_o and_o last_o finis_fw-la grammatical_a note_n this_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o god_n make_v all_o thing_n for_o man_n and_o at_o the_o begin_n for_o one_o man_n for_o there_o be_v but_o one_o but_o since_o the_o fall_n because_o all_o thing_n can_v come_v under_o one_o man_n eye_n immediate_o therefore_o god_n have_v providded_a speech_n to_o be_v a_o hobson_n or_o carrier_n between_o man_n and_o man_n that_o thereby_o he_o may_v see_v all_o thing_n and_o that_o so_o god_n ordinance_n of_o make_v all_o thing_n for_o one_o man_n may_v still_o continue_v logic_n do_v act_n and_o bring_v the_o thing_n to_o my_o understanding_n &_o afterward_o speech_n be_v the_o carrier_n of_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o constant_a rule_n of_o speech_n that_o one_o man_n may_v understand_v another_o but_o whereas_o these_o thing_n be_v utter_v by_o speech_n be_v therefore_o hard_a to_o be_v receive_v because_o they_o be_v inartificial_a argument_n therefore_o god_n have_v provide_v two_o art_n of_o speech_n one_o of_o propriety_n of_o speech_n and_o another_o of_o the_o deck_v and_o sweeten_v of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o lord_n do_v here_o even_o as_o physician_n use_v to_o do_v with_o their_o patient_n to_o wit_n when_o they_o have_v a_o bitter_a potion_n to_o give_v they_o use_v to_o sugar_n the_o top_n of_o the_o pot_n wherein_o it_o be_v so_o that_o grammar_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o plain_a garment_n wtithout_n welt_n or_o guard_n or_o it_o be_v like_o a_o grave_a citizen_n rhetoric_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o lace_n or_o jag_n on_o the_o garment_n and_o be_v like_o a_o fine_a courtier_n poetry_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o some_o fine_a cut_n and_o be_v a_o courtier_n go_v on_o his_o foot_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o double_a use_n of_o speech_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v grammar_n the_o name_n grammatica_fw-la be_v a_o greek_a word_n which_o therefore_o we_o see_v be_v first_o name_v of_o the_o grecian_n and_o be_v derive_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o letter_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o line_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v 1_o to_o engrave_v seu_fw-la insculpo_fw-la and_o hence_o come_v our_o english_a word_n engrave_v 2_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v to_o write_v because_o the_o first_o writing_n be_v by_o hieroglyphic_n for_o at_o the_o first_o they_o use_v hieroglyphic_n make_v the_o image_n of_o bird_n or_o beast_n as_o a_o horse_n for_o swiftness_n a_o bear_n or_o lion_n for_o strength_n a_o lion_n head_n and_o a_o ring_n in_o it_o they_o use_v still_o over_o man_n door_n signify_v thereby_o watchfulness_n for_o in_o philosophy_n we_o find_v that_o a_o lion_n sleep_v with_o open_a eye_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o kind_n of_o write_v the_o second_o be_v in_o wax_n table_n or_o table_n lay_v over_o with_o wax_n where_o they_o have_v a_o stile_n make_v of_o steel_n and_o our_o english_a word_n steel_n come_v of_o stilus_fw-la and_o hence_o also_o stilus_fw-la signify_v a_o pen_n now_o they_o write_v in_o these_o by_o lift_v up_o the_o wax_n and_o so_o be_v the_o letter_n make_v hence_o come_v exarare_fw-la to_o signify_v
have_v nature_n because_o it_o have_v a_o matter_n and_o a_o form_n ergo_fw-la there_o be_v nature_n in_o every_o thing_n and_o therefore_o ramus_n say_v forma_fw-la est_fw-la praecipua_fw-la rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la and_o the_o philosopher_n call_v forma_fw-la principium_fw-la actionis_fw-la and_o materia_fw-la principium_fw-la passionis_fw-la now_o this_o ens_fw-la be_v of_o this_o scantling_n for_o quantity_n and_o of_o this_o nature_n for_o act_n must_v be_v good_a for_o god_n glory_n so_o that_o every_o thing_n have_v a_o goodness_n in_o it_o again_o be_v all_o thing_n make_v for_o man_n and_o must_v he_o see_v they_o with_o his_o reason_n yes_o ergo_fw-la they_o be_v good_a for_o he_o ergo_fw-la he_o must_v have_v a_o will_v to_o embrace_v they_o as_o bona_fw-la as_o well_o as_o a_o eye_n of_o reason_n to_o see_v they_o as_o vera_fw-la and_o so_o man_n also_o be_v make_v for_o god_n as_o his_o will_n act_v goodness_n now_o for_o the_o order_n of_o these_o actus_fw-la be_v before_o actum_fw-la for_o the_o one_o be_v actio_fw-la the_o other_o be_v passio_fw-la and_o actio_fw-la be_v before_o passio_fw-la and_o be_v more_o excellent_a than_o it_o again_o actus_fw-la do_v concrescere_fw-la with_o itself_o and_o with_o the_o actum_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n ergo_fw-la actus_fw-la be_v more_o general_a ergo_fw-la be_v before_o actum_fw-la again_o because_o we_o do_v not_o give_v name_n to_o thing_n but_o with_o reason_n from_o some_o argument_n of_o logic_n in_o the_o thing_n and_o again_o because_o there_o must_v be_v a_o actus_n from_o the_o thing_n to_o man_n before_o there_o can_v be_v a_o actus_n from_o man_n to_o man_n therefore_o the_o logismos_fw-la in_o the_o thing_n must_v be_v before_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o it_o ergo_fw-la logic_n be_v the_o most_o general_a and_o first_o in_o order_n of_o all_o arts._n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v acta_fw-la quantity_n be_v first_o because_o it_o arise_v nex_o from_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o first_o of_o all_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n limit_v the_o thing_n when_o they_o be_v put_v together_o before_o they_o act_v any_o thing_n and_o afterward_o they_o act_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o now_o quality_n that_o be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o form_n upon_o the_o matter_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v after_o quantity_n but_o before_o goodness_n because_o that_o be_v the_o end_n of_o nature_n act_n for_o see_v quantity_n arise_v immediate_o from_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o nature_n from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o form_n upon_o the_o matter_n therefore_o goodness_n must_v be_v the_o last_o as_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o former_a and_o thus_o do_v the_o lord_n make_v all_o thing_n first_o make_v the_o cause_n effect_n of_o thing_n then_o impose_v speech_n on_o they_o than_o number_n then_o measure_v they_o by_o geometry_n how_o far_o their_o magnitude_n shall_v reach_v and_o where_o it_o shall_v not_o reach_v before_o it_o shall_v act_v now_o this_o act_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o go_v no_o further_o upon_o external_a object_n but_o only_o be_v act_v by_o the_o form_n upon_o the_o matter_n whereas_o the_o moral_a act_n of_o goodness_n be_v to_o go_v further_o for_o that_o be_v for_o god_n again_o nature_n be_v the_o next_o in_o most_o thing_n to_o quantity_n and_o goodness_n be_v last_o and_o thus_o have_v we_o see_v all_o that_o be_v in_o ente_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o arts._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d est_fw-la qua_fw-la omnes_fw-la art_n comprehenduntur_fw-la pro_fw-la subordinatione_fw-la finium_fw-la now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o art_n and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o begin_v with_o encuclopaidia_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o it_o first_o for_o the_o name_n it_o be_v orbis_n ille_fw-la &_o circulus_fw-la artium_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o it_o indeed_o be_v as_o much_o as_o art_n quite_o through_o as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v when_o there_o be_v many_o poor_a folk_n to_o be_v serve_v though_o they_o stand_v in_o a_o long_a row_n have_v you_o serve_v they_o round_o but_o there_o be_v a_o further_a reason_n of_o it_o a_o circle_n we_o know_v be_v a_o round_a line_n who_o beginning_n and_o end_n meet_v together_o in_o a_o common_a point_n therefore_o this_o learning_n in_o a_o circle_n must_v be_v show_v to_o have_v a_o common_a point_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v easy_o find_v the_o proper_a subject_n of_o art_n be_v ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la because_o we_o hear_v that_o be_v make_v for_o a_o end_n now_o then_o from_o whence_o ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la have_v his_o beginning_n from_o thence_o must_v ars_n have_v his_o beginning_n but_o from_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la it_o have_v his_o beginning_n ergo_fw-la again_o as_o ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la have_v for_o his_o beginning_n ens_fw-la primum_fw-la so_o it_o must_v have_v ens_fw-la primum_fw-la for_o his_o last_o end_n because_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la be_v not_o make_v for_o any_o end_n but_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n itself_o ergo_fw-la he_o must_v also_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o art_n then_o here_o we_o find_v as_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la be_v the_o begin_n of_o art_n so_o also_o he_o be_v the_o end_n of_o art_n because_o he_o be_v the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o art_n therefore_o there_o be_v one_o common_a point_n wherein_o they_o begin_v and_o end_v ergo_fw-la have_v the_o same_o beginning_n and_o end_n here_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o howsoever_o the_o phrase_n may_v seem_v otherwise_o as_o we_o hear_v before_o yet_o here_o we_o see_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o this_o name_n though_o the_o grecian_n do_v not_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o when_o they_o give_v it_o now_o the_o scripture_n seem_v to_o witness_v this_o truth_n for_o the_o lord_n say_v i_o be_o the_o beginning_n and_o the_o end_n that_o be_v of_o thing_n and_o again_o i_o be_o alpha_n and_o omega_n these_o belong_v to_o grammar_n ergo_fw-la to_o art_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v both_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o alpha_n and_o omega_n of_o the_o arts._n that_o this_o wisdom_n be_v round_o we_o may_v also_o see_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n for_o the_o world_n be_v round_o and_o that_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o art_n ergo_fw-la art_n be_v so_o for_o art_n be_v a_o adjunct_n to_o it_o and_o every_o adjunct_n take_v figure_n of_o his_o subject_n again_o if_o we_o will_v take_v art_n for_o knowledge_n knowledge_n be_v in_o a_o man_n head_n and_o that_o be_v round_o so_o encuclopaidia_n be_v every_o way_n in_o circulo_fw-la and_o thus_o we_o see_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o name_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o a_o chain_n who_o link_n be_v the_o arts._n now_o if_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la be_v the_o cause_n of_o entia_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la than_o he_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o they_o in_o he_o for_o he_o make_v they_o by_o counsel_n and_o not_o by_o necessity_n for_o than_o he_o shall_v have_v need_v they_o and_o they_o have_v a_o parelion_n of_o that_o wisdom_n that_o be_v in_o his_o idea_n again_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o this_o wisdom_n be_v he_o because_o he_o govern_v they_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n for_o so_o every_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v a_o statute-law_n of_o god_n by_o which_o he_o make_v the_o thing_n and_o whereby_o he_o govern_v the_o thing_n who_o art_n it_o be_v now_o see_v it_o be_v so_o therefore_o this_o law_n have_v god_n for_o the_o author_n and_o look_v what_o idea_n be_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o same_o idea_n be_v in_o the_o govern_n of_o it_o for_o if_o the_o lord_n shall_v make_v it_o by_o one_o rule_n and_o govern_v it_o by_o another_o it_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n to_o guide_v the_o thing_n to_o the_o eupraxie_n whereunto_o it_o be_v make_v so_o that_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v eternal_a again_o our_o rule_n of_o logic_n tell_v we_o that_o every_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v most_o true_a and_o therefore_o be_v from_o god_n for_o so_o every_o rule_n be_v true_a as_o it_o answer_v to_o that_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o he_o and_o be_v most_o just_a most_o wise_a ergo_fw-la be_v from_o god_n who_o be_v most_o true_a most_o just_a and_o most_o wise_a now_o it_o be_v in_o god_n as_o in_o the_o fountain_n and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o creature_n too_o but_o there_o it_o be_v by_o a_o refraction_n for_o this_o wisdom_n come_v to_o the_o creature_n according_a as_o the_o creature_n be_v such_o be_v the_o art_n order_n and_o course_n so_o that_o if_o ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o part_n this_o wisdom_n also_o will_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n and_o as_o in_o a_o looking-glass_n that_o be_v break_v look_v how_o many_o
shepherd_n the_o butcher_n use_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o the_o grazier_n and_o the_o cook_n use_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o the_o butcher_n and_o they_o that_o eat_v the_o meat_n the_o cook_n have_v dress_v use_v his_o prattomenon_n so_o that_o if_o the_o philosopher_n will_v dispute_v as_o we_o say_v he_o dispute_v as_o a_o logician_n make_v axiom_n or_o syllogism_n and_o so_o take_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o logic_n and_o use_v it_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n so_o the_o tailor_n take_v cloth_n make_v to_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o use_v it_o to_o this_o or_o that_o end_n to_o make_v such_o or_o such_o a_o garment_n with_o it_o there_o be_v also_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o as_o the_o prattomenon_n of_o every_o art_n may_v be_v join_v with_o the_o prattomenon_n of_o other_o art_n so_o it_o must_v be_v provide_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o confuse_v together_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sever_v again_o so_o i_o can_v take_v magnitude_n from_o a_o body_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o geometry_n for_o whilst_o i_o take_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o art_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v that_o be_v apharesâ—s_n it_o have_v be_v teach_v in_o school_n to_o be_v peculiar_a only_o to_o geometry_n but_o it_o do_v not_o take_v magnitude_n from_o the_o thing_n but_o see_v be_v there_o distinct_a and_o pull_v it_o from_o another_o and_o give_v that_o prattomenon_fw-mi its_o proper_a use_n and_o so_o look_v at_o it_o by_o that_o art_n who_o prattomenon_n it_o be_v and_o so_o do_v every_o art_n whatsoever_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v general_a to_o they_o all_o posterior_n ars_fw-la prioris_fw-la utitur_fw-la opere_fw-la this_o be_v from_o the_o use_n so_o we_o may_v see_v in_o manual_a art_n the_o shepherd_n have_v his_o prattomenon_n and_o the_o grazier_n he_o take_v and_o use_v it_o and_o then_o the_o butcher_n use_v the_o grazier_n prattomenon_fw-mi and_o the_o cook_n he_o use_v the_o butcher_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o we_o have_v hear_v of_o art_n in_o general_n ars_fw-la est_fw-la generalis_fw-la aut_fw-la specialis_fw-la i_o show_v you_o before_o that_o in_o ente_fw-la aprimo_fw-la there_o be_v certain_a concrescentia_fw-la and_o they_o be_v either_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o these_o that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v more_o general_a than_o the_o other_o for_o they_o do_v concrescere_fw-la with_o themselves_o and_o with_o the_o rest_n as_o logic_n grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n do_v concrescere_fw-la between_o themselves_o and_o cumomnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la concrescentibus_fw-la in_o the_o thing_n ergo_fw-la according_o must_v the_o art_n of_o they_o namely_o logic_n grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n be_v general_a and_o because_o the_o other_o do_v not_o concrescere_fw-la with_o the_o rest_n but_o only_o in_o part_n ergo_fw-la they_o be_v more_o special_a for_o though_o number_n and_o magnitude_n may_v concrescere_fw-la with_o nature_n but_o not_o with_o all_o other_o art_n as_o logic_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o they_o be_v not_o so_o general_a now_o thing_n be_v more_o general_a or_o special_a in_o use_n ergo_fw-la the_o art_n which_o still_o run_v on_o with_o the_o thing_n must_v be_v distribute_v according_o not_o that_o i_o here_o distribute_v art_n into_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n for_o in_o that_o sense_n they_o be_v all_o alike_o yea_o the_o most_o special_a art_n be_v as_o general_a as_o that_o which_o be_v most_o general_a therefore_o take_v heed_n of_o that_o for_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v so_o but_o i_o mean_v that_o some_o art_n be_v more_o general_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o general_a use_n of_o their_o prattomenon_n and_o some_o be_v more_o special_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o special_a use_n of_o it_o as_o one_o art_n may_v be_v without_o another_o and_o by_o nature_n be_v before_o it_o as_o one_o be_v before_o two_o for_o so_o logic_n need_v not_o any_o other_o art_n but_o all_o the_o rest_n have_v need_n of_o it_o ars_fw-la generalis_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d circaen_n this_o general_a art_n have_v for_o his_o subject_n every_o thing_n ergo_fw-la i_o thus_o define_v it_o it_o be_v the_o splendour_n or_o light_n that_o bring_v the_o thing_n to_o man_n from_o man_n now_o in_o that_o it_o be_v of_o general_a use_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v ubique_fw-la but_o be_v ens_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la the_o subject_n of_o the_o general_a art_n yes_o but_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n it_o be_v first_o the_o subject_n of_o arse_n in_o genere_fw-la now_o there_o be_v general_a to_o ens_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la these_o two_o adjunct_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d therefore_o the_o art_n of_o they_o must_v be_v general_a and_o in_o every_o thing_n so_o that_o if_o you_o look_v at_o ens_fw-la quatenus_fw-la ens_fw-la it_o belong_v to_o arse_n quatenus_fw-la ars_fw-la if_o you_o look_v at_o the_o reason_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o thing_n it_o belong_v to_o logic_n grammar_n or_o rhetoric_n so_o that_o look_v at_o ens_fw-la as_o the_o metaphysitian_n teach_v it_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v all_o their_o doctrine_n to_o be_v here_o or_o in_o logic_n or_o in_o divinity_n about_o the_o efficiency_n of_o god_n now_o i_o say_v it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d non_fw-la ens_fw-la by_o consequence_n but_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v more_o special_a and_o belong_v to_o contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la in_o logic_n but_o ens_fw-la fictum_fw-la be_v more_o general_a i_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o circa_fw-la not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n for_o the_o logicum_fw-la artificium_fw-la of_o god_n be_v in_o every_o thing_n but_o it_o be_v in_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o fly_v out_o of_o it_o and_o act_n outward_o to_o i_o and_o in_o that_o respect_n i_o call_v it_o circa_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d also_o for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o art_n of_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la for_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v no_o creature_n and_o art_n be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o be_v of_o that_o that_o be_v something_o now_o the_o poet_n fall_v into_o many_o figment_n but_o they_o mean_v thereby_o thing_n and_o so_o they_o belong_v to_o some_o special_a art_n and_o all_o esop_n fable_n and_o other_o fable_n be_v but_o allegory_n belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n or_o to_o moral_a philosophy_n though_o there_o may_v be_v fable_n of_o any_o art_n for_o fabula_fw-la belong_v to_o rhetoric_n which_o be_v a_o general_a art_n ars_fw-la generalis_fw-la est_fw-la rati_fw-la nis_fw-la or_o orationis_fw-la this_o general_a art_n run_v according_a to_o the_o general_a thing_n that_o be_v which_o be_v of_o general_a use_n be_v either_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v more_o general_a because_o the_o thing_n must_v first_o be_v carry_v to_o i_o before_o i_o can_v deliver_v it_o to_o another_o again_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n in_o every_o thing_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o be_v there_o whereas_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v therefore_o general_a because_o it_o may_v be_v every_o where_o but_o be_v not_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o see_v any_o thing_n without_o there_o be_v reason_n in_o it_o ergo_fw-la logic_n the_o art_n that_o make_v it_o be_v most_o general_a and_o omnium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o by_o nature_n be_v first_o for_o other_o art_n can_v be_v without_o it_o that_o may_v be_v without_o they_o and_o thus_o now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o logic_n the_o logician_n schoolmaster_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._n dialectica_fw-la est_fw-la ars_fw-la bene_fw-la disserendi_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v what_o encuclopaidia_n be_v and_o of_o ars_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o it_o be_v res_n that_o have_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v hear_v moreover_o the_o affection_n of_o art_n and_o the_o species_n of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v general_a of_o the_o thing_n act_v or_o special_a of_o the_o thing_n act_v now_o than_o the_o first_o thing_n in_o nature_n be_v reason_n and_o here_o remember_v what_o we_o hear_v before_o that_o we_o may_v see_v as_o god_n govern_v thing_n in_o general_a by_o art_n so_o in_o special_a reason_n by_o logic_n and_o it_o be_v most_o general_a because_o it_o be_v of_o most_o general_a use_n not_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o precept_n for_o so_o it_o be_v as_o special_a as_o any_o but_o for_o use_v because_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o without_o logic_n yet_o logic_n may_v be_v without_o speech_n quantity_n etc._n etc._n ergo_fw-la this_o be_v most_o general_a
but_o inventio_fw-la ergo_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la he_o rather_o keep_v this_o word_n than_o membrum_fw-la though_o it_o be_v more_o general_a because_o it_o be_v more_o in_o use_n and_o again_o because_o in_o school_n membrum_fw-la have_v be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o member_n of_o a_o man_n as_o head_n arm_n leg_n or_o the_o like_a so_o that_o not_o have_v tell_v we_o what_o membrum_fw-la or_o pars_fw-la be_v he_o choose_v the_o more_o usual_a dialectica_fw-la we_o hear_v concern_v dialectica_fw-la before_o therefore_o to_o hear_v it_o again_o be_v superfluous_a it_o be_v dialecticae_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o be_v the_o integrum_fw-la to_o it_o as_o inventio_fw-la be_v the_o membrum_fw-la now_o indeed_o the_o rhetorician_n have_v take_v invention_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o so_o judgement_n but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o explain_v they_o they_o teach_v logic_n and_o their_o dissertus_fw-la be_v not_o only_a rhetorician_n but_o the_o grammarian_n and_o logician_n their_o orator_n be_v omnium_fw-la horarum_fw-la homo_fw-la a_o man_n for_o every_o turn_n so_o that_o he_o be_v a_o man_n in_o who_o there_o be_v a_o confusion_n of_o all_o art_n neither_o be_v orator_n belong_v to_o rhetoric_n but_o he_o be_v a_o general_a man_n that_o have_v all_o the_o art_n and_o chief_o he_o be_v a_o logician_n now_o the_o rhetorician_n do_v imagine_v because_o they_o use_v invention_n and_o judgement_n therefore_o they_o belong_v to_o rhetoric_n so_o they_o may_v say_v of_o law_n arithmetic_n geometry_n natural_a philosophy_n or_o any_o other_o art_n now_o than_o those_o be_v the_o two_o part_n of_o dialectica_fw-la only_o and_o whereas_o man_n say_v common_o ramus_n logic_n serve_v for_o rhetoric_n not_o for_o natural_a philosophy_n as_o some_o do_v they_o speak_v simple_o for_o what_o use_n of_o logic_n have_v a_o rhetorician_n in_o any_o other_o art_n as_o in_o politic_n be_v it_o not_o to_o prove_v some_o thesis_n therefore_o if_o he_o dispute_v here_o as_o a_o politican_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o logic_n so_o may_v a_o natural_a philosopher_n do_v so_o causa_fw-la effectum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la adjunctum_fw-la and_o all_o other_o argument_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o art_n ergo_fw-la to_o make_v a_o special_a invention_n to_o rhetoric_n and_o another_o to_o nature_n or_o any_o other_o art_n be_v simple_a now_o it_o be_v pars_fw-la dialecticae_fw-la we_o do_v not_o mean_v to_o make_v pars_fw-la a_o genus_fw-la of_o invention_n here_o for_o it_o be_v a_o logical_a notion_n and_o belong_v to_o logic_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o definition_n be_v to_o bring_v in_o dialectica_fw-la so_o that_o when_o we_o will_v analyse_v this_o definition_n we_o must_v not_o say_v pars_fw-la be_v genus_fw-la but_o dialectica_fw-la est_fw-la integrum_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la because_o it_o be_v more_o general_a than_o judgement_n for_o it_o may_v be_v where_o judgement_n be_v not_o for_o simple_a argument_n be_v before_o the_o composition_n of_o argument_n both_o in_o nature_n and_o work_n the_o carpenter_n must_v have_v his_o timber_n in_o several_a piece_n to_o square_v they_o before_o he_o can_v join_v they_o together_o quod_fw-la precedit_fw-la natura_fw-la in_o dialectica_fw-la id_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la est_fw-la dialec_fw-la at_o inventio_fw-la ergo_fw-la de_fw-fr inveniendis_fw-la argumentis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v inventio_fw-la that_o act_n of_o reason_n do_v invenire_fw-la argumenta_fw-la de_fw-la inveniendis_fw-la why_o he_o mean_v the_o precept_n of_o this_o act_n for_o in_o this_o part_n de_fw-fr inveniendis_fw-la argumentis_fw-la be_v the_o subject_n but_o these_o precept_n of_o invention_n be_v first_o concern_v a_o seek_v but_o to_o find_v what_o it_o teach_v i_o first_o to_o hunt_v and_o then_o to_o find_v a_o hare_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v take_v the_o rule_n of_o causa_fw-la that_o hound_n and_o hunt_v and_o you_o shall_v find_v a_o cause_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v will_v you_o seek_v a_o cause_n first_o seek_v the_o artificiality_n than_o the_o primative_a then_o how_o it_o be_v simplex_fw-la and_o consent_n aneum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o come_v to_o causa_fw-la so_o that_o invention_n be_v not_o take_v for_o judgement_n here_o but_o for_o the_o seek_n and_o find_v out_o of_o argument_n argumentis_fw-la de_fw-fr argumentis_fw-la inveniendis_fw-la argument_n to_o be_v seek_v out_o why_o because_o the_o lord_n have_v so_o command_v man_n to_o seek_v out_o his_o reason_n in_o his_o creature_n so_o that_o we_o must_v seek_v a_o argument_n which_o be_v a_o term_n in_o latin_a belong_v to_o law_n as_o the_o rhetorician_n think_v but_o it_o be_v more_o general_a to_o logic_n but_o because_o they_o use_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o in_o greek_a be_v to_o plead_v like_o a_o orator_n and_o so_o argâ—eâ—e_a in_o latin_a therefore_o they_o think_v they_o proper_a to_o thâ—m_v yet_o argumentum_fw-la here_o signify_v any_o thing_n of_o arguere_fw-la that_o can_v charge_v another_o thing_n and_o so_o do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a so_o here_o we_o see_v what_o invention_n seek_v out_o argumentum_fw-la and_o by_o it_o the_o thing_n but_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n quatenus_fw-la there_o be_v logismos_n in_o it_o so_o that_o invention_n take_v not_o the_o thing_n immediate_o but_o by_o argumentum_fw-la so_o that_o argumentum_fw-la be_v here_o as_o the_o school_n speak_v concretum_fw-la that_o be_v it_o be_v argumentum_fw-la as_o it_o do_v arguere_fw-la so_o that_o when_o we_o hear_v argumentum_fw-la we_o must_v consider_v two_o thing_n first_o ens_fw-la the_o subject_n of_o art_n and_o then_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o by_o that_o the_o thing_n as_o i_o see_v a_o post_n with_o my_o outward_a eye_n by_o the_o colour_n so_o that_o invention_n see_v the_o thing_n mediante_fw-fr argumento_fw-la then_o observe_v again_o that_o argumentum_fw-la be_v the_o subject_n of_o invention_n now_o the_o school_n make_v a_o simple_a conceit_n and_o so_o make_v a_o great_a ado_n about_o vox_fw-la as_o kickerman_n and_o schaliger_n do_v to_o bring_v it_o into_o logic_n they_o say_v vox_fw-la quatenus_fw-la it_o consist_v of_o letter_n belong_v to_o grammar_n but_o quatenus_fw-la it_o signify_v a_o thing_n it_o belong_v to_o logic_n but_o as_o for_o example_n homo_fw-la what_o argument_n be_v homo_fw-la and_o the_o thing_n it_o signify_v subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la why_o but_o these_o be_v but_o example_n thereof_o shall_v these_o come_v into_o logic_n because_o logick_n use_n be_v here_o so_o the_o wall_n be_v white_a be_v subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la do_v that_o axiom_n therefore_o belong_v to_o logic_n but_o let_v they_o but_o go_v to_o the_o definition_n of_o vox_fw-la and_o they_o shall_v see_v it_o belong_v to_o grammar_n quatenus_fw-la it_o signify_v a_o thing_n but_o they_o may_v see_v it_o in_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o ars_fw-la generalis_fw-la for_o as_o ens_fw-la be_v the_o subject_n of_o logic_n at_o the_o second_o hand_n so_o also_o of_o grammar_n now_o he_o prosecute_v vox_fw-la and_o say_v it_o be_v to_o be_v look_v at_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la significationis_fw-la or_o jure_fw-la significata_fw-la or_o the_o like_a ad_fw-la modum_fw-la significationis_fw-la be_v categorematica_fw-la or_o suncategorematica_fw-la as_o homo_fw-la because_o say_v he_o it_o signify_v that_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v a_o argument_n why_o homo_fw-la do_v not_o signify_v a_o argument_n it_o belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o the_o argument_n be_v but_o a_o affection_n to_o the_o thing_n that_o homo_fw-la signify_v but_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o homo_fw-la shall_v come_v into_o logic_n because_o it_o name_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v categorematica_fw-la it_o be_v fallacia_fw-la accidentis_fw-la that_o meat_n you_o buy_v on_o saturday_n you_o do_v eat_v on_o sunday_n but_o it_o be_v raw_a meat_n you_o buy_v on_o saturday_n ergo_fw-la but_o for_o vox_fw-la therefore_o it_o come_v not_o into_o logic_n only_o there_o be_v conjugata_fw-la and_o notatio_fw-la which_o belong_v to_o logic_n not_o because_o they_o signify_v thing_n for_o there_o be_v not_o in_o they_o any_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o name_n but_o in_o conjugate_v how_o one_o name_n be_v derive_v from_o another_o and_o in_o notation_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n from_o some_o argument_n then_o he_o say_v vox_fw-la categorematica_fw-la be_v primae_fw-la or_o secundae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la which_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o utter_v but_o by_o certain_a comparison_n as_o of_o a_o dyal_a the_o stile_n be_v prima_fw-la intentionis_fw-la and_o the_o shadow_n secundae_fw-la but_o this_o vox_fw-la primae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la be_v the_o word_n that_o name_v the_o thing_n vox_fw-la secundae_fw-la be_v the_o word_n of_o art_n now_o true_a it_o be_v this_o distribution_n be_v a_o old_a say_v see_v but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o be_v the_o same_o fallace_n ab_fw-la accident_n homo_fw-la and_o genus_fw-la do_v not_o signify_v
the_o series_n they_o belong_v to_o logic_n that_o be_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v for_o their_o logical_a notion_n they_o belong_v thither_o but_o when_o he_o say_v series_n he_o be_v present_o in_o method_n for_o his_o series_n be_v nothing_o but_o method_n work_v and_o if_o he_o reason_v that_o arithmetic_n geometry_n nature_n etc._n etc._n belong_v to_o logic_n because_o method_n use_n be_v there_o that_o be_v fallacia_fw-la accidentis_fw-la now_o the_o doctrine_n be_v one_o and_o the_o use_n be_v another_o the_o doctrine_n be_v distinct_a the_o use_n confuse_v then_o again_o whereas_o he_o say_v here_o you_o have_v genus_fw-la summum_fw-la and_o subalternum_fw-la why_o we_o hear_v of_o they_o in_o the_o distribution_n ex_fw-la effectis_fw-la but_o because_o substantia_fw-la be_v corporea_fw-la or_o incorporea_fw-la here_o be_v a_o distribution_n as_o a_o genus_fw-la into_o his_o species_n therefore_o say_v he_o this_o belong_v to_o logic_n so_o let_v he_o bring_v in_o the_o dauber_n art_n too_o for_o logick_n use_v be_v there_o thus_o do_v they_o make_v a_o confusion_n not_o see_v thing_n distinct_a again_o whereas_o they_o help_v to_o find_v out_o a_o subject_n and_o predicate_v they_o have_v shut_v out_o some_o namely_o incompleta_n as_o a_o man_n hand_n which_o may_v be_v a_o subject_n or_o a_o predicate_v and_o when_o i_o say_v the_o world_n be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o matter_n be_v not_o the_o first_o matter_n here_o a_o predicate_a so_o they_o shut_v out_o transcendentia_fw-la as_o ens_fw-la but_o be_v not_o homo_fw-la ens_fw-la therefore_o a_o predicate_a again_o be_v not_o a_o predicate_v a_o argument_n ergo_fw-la artificiale_a aut_fw-la inartificiale_a if_o artificiale_a then_o fetch_v out_o of_o some_o art_n therefore_o let_v i_o carry_v my_o subject_n to_o the_o art_n whereunto_o it_o belong_v and_o there_o will_v i_o find_v any_o predicate_v again_o for_o the_o help_n of_o a_o medium_n be_v every_o medium_n a_o genus_fw-la subalternum_fw-la suppose_v we_o shall_v fetch_v a_o medium_n that_o be_v genus_fw-la summum_fw-la or_o a_o individuum_fw-la but_o let_v i_o go_v to_o the_o art_n of_o my_o subject_n and_o if_o i_o will_v take_v that_o which_o be_v above_o it_o or_o below_o it_o there_o i_o shall_v have_v it_o do_v to_o my_o hand_n again_o he_o say_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o predicament_n serve_v for_o definition_n and_o difference_n etc._n etc._n why_o let_v i_o go_v to_o the_o art_n and_o there_o i_o shall_v see_v every_o thing_n teach_v to_o my_o hand_n so_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o predicament_n quatenus_fw-la they_o be_v adumbration_n of_o the_o art_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o their_o arts._n but_o to_o reason_n that_o because_o logick_n use_n be_v there_o therefore_o they_o belong_v to_o logic_n be_v very_o absurd_a again_o if_o there_o be_v this_o predicament_n to_o show_v the_o summum_fw-la and_o subalternum_fw-la genus_fw-la and_o species_n subalterna_fw-la and_o infima_fw-la why_o be_v there_o not_o a_o predicament_n to_o know_v causa_fw-la for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o predicament_n to_o find_v out_o causas_fw-la and_o let_v they_o say_v what_o they_o can_v of_o the_o predicament_n we_o shall_v find_v all_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o distribution_n and_o definition_n as_o substantia_fw-la be_v corporea_fw-la aut_fw-la incorporea_fw-la be_v a_o distribution_n and_o belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o so_o the_o next_o distribution_n of_o substantia_fw-la corporea_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o if_o we_o take_v quantity_n we_o shall_v see_v we_o be_v in_o some_o special_a arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o predicable_n genus_fw-la species_n differentiae_fw-la proprium_fw-la accidens_fw-la these_o we_o know_v be_v special_a argument_n the_o two_o first_o belong_v to_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la effectis_fw-la differentia_fw-la belong_v to_o forma_fw-la for_o it_o be_v call_v forma_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n form_v and_o differentia_fw-la as_o it_o distinguish_v the_o thing_n from_o all_o other_o thing_n if_o they_o shall_v say_v i_o but_o here_o be_v distributio_fw-la per_fw-la formam_fw-la that_o be_v accidental_a to_o forma_fw-la and_o belong_v to_o distributio_fw-la so_o that_o forma_fw-la be_v the_o better_a word_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o for_o proprium_fw-la be_v nothing_o but_o propriam_fw-la adjunctum_fw-la and_o there_o it_o be_v teach_v as_o it_o have_v respect_n to_o his_o subject_n not_o as_o it_o be_v a_o act_n and_o accidens_fw-la be_v also_o a_o special_a kind_n of_o adjunct_n now_o the_o law_n of_o art_n require_v that_o every_o precept_n deliver_v the_o principia_fw-la thereof_o and_o therefore_o be_v either_o definition_n distribution_n or_o property_n which_o they_o after_o a_o sort_n see_v make_v these_o to_o be_v help_n to_o the_o predicament_n now_o for_o substantia_fw-la quoad_fw-la res_fw-la it_o belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n quoad_fw-la serim_n or_o ordinem_fw-la to_o method_n for_o quantity_n it_o belong_v to_o mathematics_n quality_n to_o moral_a philosophy_n yea_o and_o to_o natural_a too_o for_o relate_v they_o belong_v to_o logic_n but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o series_n or_o order_n of_o they_o for_o they_o be_v but_o example_n of_o relate_v as_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la are_z relate_v but_o only_a example_n ergo_fw-la infimae_fw-la species_n for_o actio_fw-la it_o be_v nothing_o but_o motus_fw-la quando_fw-la be_v nothing_o but_o the_o adjunct_n of_o time_n passio_fw-la a_o subject_n ubi_fw-la a_o special_a kind_n of_o subject_n also_o of_o place_n situs_fw-la belong_v to_o geometry_n otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o adjunct_n and_o habitus_fw-la be_v a_o special_a kind_n of_o adjunct_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o beneath_o these_o but_o example_n so_o that_o do_v but_o look_v at_o his_o table_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v he_o present_o go_v out_o as_o he_o say_v qualitas_fw-la be_v naturalis_fw-la and_o moralis_fw-la this_o be_v false_a for_o naturalis_fw-la aut_fw-la moralis_fw-la be_v two_o example_n of_o that_o adjunct_n qualitas_fw-la and_o justice_n be_v no_o more_o a_o quality_n because_o it_o be_v a_o virtue_n than_o socrates_n est_fw-la genus_fw-la because_o animal_n be_v genus_fw-la so_o that_o argumentum_fw-la be_v the_o true_a subject_n of_o invention_n and_o not_o the_o predicable_n and_o predicament_n any_o further_a than_o they_o be_v argument_n argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la aliquid_fw-la arguendum_fw-la affectum_fw-la est_fw-la now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o definition_n of_o argumentum_fw-la we_o hear_v that_o dialectica_fw-la be_v a_o general_a art_n and_o be_v conversant_a about_o every_o thing_n and_o about_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la gratia_fw-la entis_fw-la now_o then_o argumentum_fw-la must_v be_v in_o every_o thing_n therefore_o it_o be_v quod_fw-la any_o thing_n whatsoever_o and_o thus_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v because_o logic_n be_v a_o general_a art_n so_o thus_o here_o we_o see_v argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la affectum_fw-la est_fw-la we_o know_v this_o be_v a_o borrow_a word_n affection_n be_v a_o disposition_n natural_a as_o the_o eye_n be_v affect_v to_o see_v but_o that_o we_o may_v see_v it_o the_o better_a we_o will_v dig_v deep_o there_o be_v a_o efficient_a work_n than_o his_o work_n which_o be_v effâ—ctio_fw-la which_o as_o it_o be_v about_o it_o so_o it_o be_v affectum_fw-la ad_fw-la effectum_fw-la as_o if_o my_o hand_n be_v wound_v with_o a_o sword_n there_o be_v first_o a_o efficient_a then_o there_o be_v wound_v which_o be_v effectio_fw-la then_o there_o be_v a_o wound_n which_o be_v effectum_fw-la than_o my_o hand_n be_v the_o affectum_fw-la to_o be_v wound_v so_o that_o affectus_fw-la be_v nothing_o but_o a_o nature_n in_o that_o thing_n by_o which_o nature_n can_v perform_v that_o action_n so_o argumentum_fw-la be_v affectum_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o that_o be_v make_v or_o factus_fw-la ad_fw-la or_o effect_v to_o another_o thing_n or_o which_o have_v this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o it_o to_o work_v with_o another_o thing_n why_o affectum_fw-la it_o be_v a_o property_n of_o a_o argument_n as_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la risibilis_fw-la when_o he_o do_v not_o ridere_fw-la so_o that_o he_o define_v argumentum_fw-la in_o invention_n from_o that_o power_n or_o faculty_n for_o as_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o affection_n to_o that_o thing_n he_o never_o do_v so_o a_o argument_n may_v have_v a_o affection_n to_o argue_v when_o it_o act_v not_o so_o that_o he_o teach_v from_o that_o disposition_n of_o it_o to_o act_v so_o that_o he_o deliver_v it_o not_o from_o his_o act_n for_o that_o be_v but_o the_o use_n of_o it_o but_o from_o its_o true_a nature_n as_o the_o common_a logician_n call_v it_o praedicabile_fw-la that_o which_o may_v predicate_v and_o say_v it_o be_v not_o a_o argument_n till_o it_o be_v dispose_v but_o this_o be_v accidental_a to_o argumentum_fw-la then_o in_o a_o axiom_n they_o call_v it_o praedicatum_fw-la actu_fw-la which_o also_o
of_o the_o cause_n chap._n ix_o de_fw-fr effectis_fw-la effectum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la e_fw-la causis_fw-la existit_fw-la siveigitur_fw-la gignatur_fw-la sive_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o we_o come_v to_o see_v a_o thing_n make_v up_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o consideration_n to_o see_v how_o we_o begin_v at_o the_o far_a thing_n and_o at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v four_o esses_fw-la distinct_a which_o we_o must_v look_v at_o distinct_o and_o orderly_o if_o we_o â—ill_v see_v thing_n aâ—ight_v first_o the_o efficient_n than_o the_o matter_n etc._n etc._n now_o then_o let_v we_o see_v effectum_fw-la effectum_fw-la for_o the_o name_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v nominate_v only_o from_o the_o efficient_a for_o it_o come_v of_o efficior_fw-la which_o come_v oâ—_n efficio_fw-la whence_o efficiens_fw-la comes_fw-la and_o howbeit_o it_o may_v be_v denominate_v materiatum_fw-la formatum_fw-la or_o finitum_fw-la yet_o he_o rather_o name_v it_o of_o the_o efficient_a but_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o it_o have_v reference_n to_o all_o the_o cause_n even_o materiatum_fw-la formatum_fw-la finitum_fw-la object_n why_o shall_v there_o not_o be_v as_o many_o several_a kind_n of_o effect_n as_o there_o be_v of_o cause_n answ_n because_o no_o one_o cause_n alone_o can_v make_v a_o effect_n for_o it_o be_v existent_a from_o they_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v distinct_a in_o nature_n and_o their_o force_n be_v their_o own_o ergo_fw-la their_o doctrine_n must_v be_v distinct_a but_o because_o essectum_fw-la must_v be_v make_v of_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o four_o esses_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o can_v be_v but_o one_o so_o that_o i_o can_v say_v effectum_fw-la efficientis_fw-la effectum_fw-la materiae_fw-la effectum_fw-la formae_fw-la or_o effectum_fw-la finis_fw-la ergo_fw-la we_o must_v see_v effectum_fw-la alone_o in_o one_o lump_n as_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n now_o because_o it_o have_v all_o the_o esses_fw-la of_o the_o cause_n ergo_fw-la good_a reason_n that_o the_o efficient_a that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o work_v general_o quite_o through_o with_o every_o other_o cause_n matter_n form_n and_o end_n shall_v have_v the_o effect_n denominate_v from_o it_o so_o that_o this_o child_n bring_v forth_o by_o the_o four_o cause_n be_v denominate_v from_o the_o efficient_a est_fw-la all_o thing_n be_v effect_n but_o god_n alone_o ergo_fw-la effectum_fw-la est_fw-la therefore_o whereas_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v liable_a to_o our_o eye_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o as_o we_o see_v the_o cause_n that_o make_v up_o the_o thing_n so_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v a_o quinta_fw-la essentia_fw-la arise_v from_o they_o quod._n he_o mean_v argumentum_fw-la absolute_a consentancum_fw-la now_o we_o see_v plain_o how_o the_o cause_n be_v absolute_o agree_v to_o the_o effect_n but_o how_o be_v the_o effect_n absolute_o a-agreeing_a to_o they_o yes_o for_o if_o the_o effect_n be_v from_o they_o it_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o acknowledge_v itself_o to_o be_v from_o they_o and_o we_o see_v in_o nature_n that_o if_o a_o effect_n be_v than_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v &_o contra_fw-la again_o that_o we_o may_v see_v it_o plain_o if_o we_o take_v away_o the_o efficient_a the_o effect_n will_v be_v imperfect_a so_o put_v the_o effect_n and_o we_o put_v the_o matter_n and_o form_n substantial_o and_o the_o esses_fw-la of_o the_o other_o so_o take_v away_o the_o effect_n and_o you_o take_v away_o they_o now_o if_o the_o efficient_a be_v rot_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n as_o this_o logic_n be_v ramus_n his_o effect_n though_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o rot_a for_o here_o we_o respect_v not_o time_n but_o the_o esse_fw-la again_o he_o put_v efficiens_fw-la general_o a_o qua_fw-la materia_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la forma_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la finis_fw-la cujus_fw-la gratia_fw-la and_o here_o effectum_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o he_o use_v quod_fw-la so_o often_o be_v because_o he_o will_v tell_v we_o that_o logic_n be_v general_a to_o every_o thing_n existit_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v of_o any_o one_o cause_n existere_fw-la be_v a_o compound_n of_o they_o all_o not_o that_o existere_fw-la have_v respect_n of_o time_n and_o place_n as_o some_o teach_v true_a it_o be_v time_n and_o place_n attend_v every_o thing_n when_o it_o do_v existere_fw-la but_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o esse_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n but_o be_v only_o complemental_a est_z be_v a_o causa_fw-la qualibet_fw-la existere_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la subsistere_fw-la ex_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentaneis_fw-la existere_fw-la come_v of_o ex_fw-la and_z sto_z now_o it_o do_v stand_v upon_o its_o foot_n and_o do_v estare_fw-la out_o from_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v a_o five_o thing_n from_o they_o ecausis_fw-la here_z e_z be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o ex_fw-la per_fw-la and_o gratia_fw-la ecausis_fw-la that_o be_v ab_fw-la efficiente_a ex_fw-la materi_fw-la per_fw-la formam_fw-la gratia_fw-la finis_fw-la causis_fw-la not_o causa_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o all_o four_o cause_n must_v absolute_o concur_v or_o else_o the_o thing_n can_v existere_fw-la as_o the_o first_o matter_n do_v not_o ergo_fw-la if_o angel_n do_v existere_fw-la they_o must_v have_v all_o the_o cause_n so_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n after_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o body_n they_o can_v per_fw-la se_fw-la existere_fw-la without_o they_o have_v all_o the_o cause_n for_o if_o any_o one_o cause_n be_v want_v they_o will_v be_v incomplete_a sive_fw-la igitur_fw-la gignatur_fw-la sive_fw-la corrumpatur_fw-la ramus_n do_v here_o commorari_fw-la upon_o this_o doctrine_n of_o effectum_fw-la because_o the_o common_a aristotelian_o refer_v the_o doctrine_n of_o motus_fw-la not_o to_o logic_n but_o to_o natural_a philosophy_n but_o ramus_n teach_v it_o here_o in_o logic_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o effectum_fw-la sive_fw-la igitur_fw-la gignatur_fw-la sive_fw-la corrumpatur_fw-la &c_n &c_n whether_o it_o be_v make_v or_o corrupt_v sive_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la moveatur_fw-la quidlibet_fw-la that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v augment_v or_o diminish_v etc._n etc._n generatio_fw-la and_o corruptio_fw-la be_v substantial_a motus_fw-la augmentatio_fw-la and_o diminutio_fw-la quantitatis_fw-la alteratio_fw-la and_o loci_fw-la mutatio_fw-la qualitatis_fw-la and_o all_o these_o be_v effect_n then_o again_o whereas_o the_o aristotelian_o teach_v that_o distruens_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v not_o causa_fw-la ramus_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v for_o whether_o a_o man_n do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o same_o rule_n he_o do_v both_o ergo_fw-la both_o of_o they_o be_v motus_fw-la of_o his_o act_n to_o the_o opus_fw-la ergo_fw-la causa_fw-la distruens_fw-la be_v a_o motus_fw-la and_o a_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o opus_fw-la destructum_fw-la be_v a_o effect_n and_o privation_n though_o they_o be_v privation_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o habit_n yet_o they_o be_v effect_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o cause_n ergo_fw-la they_o be_v cause_n both_o alike_o they_o teach_v as_o if_o a_o man_n have_v do_v nothing_o when_o he_o do_v sin_n whereas_o he_o spoil_v the_o image_n of_o god_n in_o he_o ergo_fw-la whilst_o they_o be_v more_o nice_a than_o wise_a they_o become_v foolish_a if_o the_o lord_n shall_v bring_v to_o nothing_o that_o which_o he_o have_v do_v it_o will_v be_v his_o effect_n at_o least_o the_o corruption_n of_o nothing_o now_o the_o effect_n be_v double_a motus_fw-la and_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la every_o thing_n be_v make_v motu_fw-la god_n only_o be_v sine_fw-la motu_fw-la and_o do_v not_o move_v when_o he_o work_v for_o else_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v primus_fw-la movens_fw-la but_o motus_fw-la but_o if_o we_o resolve_v all_o thing_n it_o must_v needs_o bring_v we_o in_o the_o end_n to_o that_o which_o be_v immovable_a for_o so_o aristotle_n find_v out_o most_o thing_n by_o motus_fw-la now_o again_o there_o be_v those_o that_o sever_v motus_fw-la and_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la as_o the_o aristotelian_o which_o make_v ramus_n to_o commorari_fw-la they_o say_v something_n rest_v motu_fw-la only_o without_o a_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la but_o that_o be_v not_o so_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o god_n have_v make_v which_o do_v movere_fw-la but_o there_o be_v a_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la of_o that_o motus_fw-la they_o conceit_n that_o some_o art_n motion_n have_v no_o opus_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la relictum_fw-la as_o when_o one_o play_n on_o the_o virginal_n they_o say_v there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v behind_o answ_n what_o care_v i_o for_o that_o logic_n look_v not_o to_o that_o but_o as_o there_o be_v play_v so_o there_o be_v something_o play_v which_o be_v res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la and_o as_o there_o be_v writing_n so_o there_o be_v something_o write_v these_o namely_o motus_fw-la and_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la be_v never_o distinct_a asunder_o one_o without_o another_o but_o only_o in_o that_o the_o one_o be_v not_o the_o other_o huius_fw-la loci_fw-la sunt_fw-la laudes_fw-la &_o vituperationes_fw-la as_o if_o ramus_n shall_v say_v if_o you_o will_v commend_v
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rebus_fw-la plerumque_fw-la hoc_fw-la argumentum_fw-la praecipuam_fw-la fidem_fw-la è_fw-la moribus_fw-la arguentis_fw-la efficit_fw-la si_fw-la prudentia_fw-la virtus_fw-la et_fw-la benevolentia_fw-la adfuerint_fw-la he_o stay_v upon_o the_o use_n of_o a_o inartificiall_a argument_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o matter_n concern_v private_a man_n this_o argument_n have_v his_o special_a credit_n because_o in_o this_o kind_n they_o be_v most_o receive_v we_o know_v all_o the_o matter_n in_o our_o court_n pass_v by_o writing_n or_o testimony_n of_o man_n and_o in_o these_o civil_a matter_n we_o look_v more_o after_o the_o man_n then_o after_o the_o thing_n there_o be_v artificial_o here_o in_o these_o matter_n but_o we_o look_v not_o at_o they_o still_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o witness_n know_v the_o artificial_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v thing_n do_v in_o time_n long_o before_o which_o therefore_o can_v be_v decide_v but_o by_o writing_n or_o man_n testimony_n praecipuam_fw-la fidem_fw-la habet_fw-la that_o be_v it_o do_v urge_v most_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_n whereto_o it_o be_v use_v e_o moribus_fw-la arguentis_fw-la efficit_fw-la si_fw-la prudentia_fw-la virtus_fw-la et_fw-la benevolentia_fw-la adfuerint_fw-la this_o inartificiall_a argument_n have_v not_o praecipuam_fw-la fidem_fw-la from_o itself_o but_o as_o it_o proceed_v from_o he_o that_o be_v prudent_a virtuous_a and_o benevolent_a prudentia_fw-la be_v that_o skill_n a_o man_n have_v to_o bring_v his_o rule_n or_o any_o deduct_v from_o his_o rule_n to_o practice_n that_o be_v if_o he_o be_v not_o simple_a and_o silly_a to_o tattle_v and_o prattle_v he_o know_v not_o what_o then_o praecipuam_fw-la fidem_fw-la habet_fw-la so_o that_o prudentia_fw-la do_v require_v discretion_n and_o judgement_n to_o know_v and_o deliver_v a_o truth_n that_o commandment_n thou_o shall_v not_o bear_v false_a witness_n be_v here_o teach_v again_o if_o he_o 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together_o get_v salamis_n from_o the_o megarense_n and_o it_o be_v belong_v to_o athens_n because_o of_o the_o king_n thereof_o vivorum_fw-la testimonia_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la non_fw-la tantum_fw-la cum_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la de_fw-la fundo_fw-la aut_fw-la caede_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o do_v not_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o testimony_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o alive_a but_o he_o mean_v by_o mortuorum_fw-la those_o when_o they_o be_v alive_a that_o be_v now_o dead_a he_o make_v many_o kind_n of_o private_a testimony_n as_o obligation_n confessiones_fw-la insiurandi_fw-la etc._n etc._n obligationis_fw-la exemplum_fw-la est_fw-la 5._o philip._n audebo_fw-la etiam_fw-la oblige_v be_v fidem_fw-la meam_fw-la p._n c._o vebis_fw-la populoque_fw-la romano_n etc._n etc._n augustus_n caesar_n be_v yet_o a_o young_a youth_n who_o go_v to_o school_v when_o his_o father_n caesar_n be_v slay_v and_o antony_n make_v great_a stir_n think_v he_o shall_v be_v in_o caesar_n place_n now_o the_o roman_n 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testimony_n but_o it_o be_v more_o obscure_a than_o that_o which_o we_o hear_v of_o before_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o a_o distribution_n &_o definition_n ut_fw-la quia_fw-la testatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n be_v here_o because_o that_o whatsoever_o the_o witness_a shall_v be_v such_o shall_v the_o witness_n be_v if_o he_o be_v prudent_a virtuous_a and_o benevolent_a his_o witness_n will_v be_v prudent_a virtuous_a &_o benevolent_a that_o be_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v if_o the_o testis_fw-la be_v true_a then_o will_v the_o witness_n be_v true_a obscurior_fw-la est_fw-la because_o a_o man_n may_v bear_v false_a witness_n when_o he_o speak_v the_o truth_n and_o likewise_o because_o the_o simple_a man_n may_v sometime_o speak_v the_o truth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prudent_a man_n the_o logician_n schoolmaster_n the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr judicio_fw-la chap._n i._n quid_fw-la judicium_fw-la adhuc_fw-la prima_fw-la dialecticae_fw-la artis_fw-la pars_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o inventione_n pars_fw-la altera_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la we_o have_v hitherto_o hear_v of_o simples_n which_o simples_n may_v be_v composites_n but_o yet_o we_o respect_v they_o as_o one_o join_v to_o another_o as_o man_n be_v make_v of_o many_o argument_n but_o may_v be_v consider_v as_o a_o simple_a now_o we_o come_v to_o consider_v how_o one_o thing_n be_v join_v with_o another_o thing_n the_o glue_n which_o we_o hear_v of_o before_o be_v that_o affection_n of_o one_o argument_n to_o another_o which_o the_o common_a logician_n call_v categoria_fw-la but_o when_o they_o be_v put_v together_o in_o disposition_n they_o belong_v to_o judgement_n so_o that_o here_o we_o shall_v hear_v of_o nothing_o but_o lay_v of_o simples_n together_o that_o be_v of_o argument_n with_o argument_n and_o that_o be_v either_o of_o two_o side_n of_o one_o argument_n to_o one_o as_o in_o a_o simple_a axiom_n or_o of_o three_o side_n together_o as_o in_o a_o syllogism_n or_o last_o of_o axiom_n 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then_o best_a for_o invention_n because_o his_o head_n be_v then_o hot_a afterward_o best_a for_o judgement_n because_o than_o his_o brain_n be_v dry_v first_o of_o all_o best_a for_o memory_n because_o his_o head_n then_o be_v moyst_a again_o man_n in_o the_o morning_n remember_v best_a because_o than_o his_o brain_n be_v moist_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fume_n that_o ascend_v to_o the_o brain_n when_o he_o sleep_v at_o noon_n he_o be_v fit_a for_o cogitation_n because_o his_o brain_n be_v then_o dry_v at_o night_n he_o invent_v best_o because_o than_o his_o brain_n be_v cold_a and_o as_o in_o the_o suâ—â—_n course_n her_o heat_n be_v moyst_a in_o the_o morning_n dry_v at_o noon_n and_o cold_a at_o night_n so_o be_v it_o with_o man_n reason_n so_o that_o the_o internal_a sense_n be_v thus_o divide_v yet_o here_o do_v we_o rather_o admit_v of_o a_o dicotomie_n because_o else_o we_o shall_v leave_v out_o a_o genus_fw-la namely_o dispositio_fw-la again_o because_o the_o end_n of_o invention_n and_o judgement_n be_v various_a now_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o logic_n teach_v these_o part_n thus_o divide_v for_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o child_n have_v his_o memory_n first_o best_o than_o his_o cogitation_n and_o then_o his_o fancy_n why_o shall_v not_o method_n be_v teach_v first_o than_o judgement_n and_o last_o invention_n the_o reason_n be_v this_o indeed_o if_o a_o child_n shall_v have_v use_n of_o his_o disposition_n first_o it_o will_v hinder_v his_o growth_n for_o a_o child_n have_v least_o use_v of_o his_o reasonable_a soul_n for_o a_o long_a time_n because_o it_o be_v a_o hindrance_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a soul_n by_o reason_n hereof_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v moyst_a he_o can_v not_o grow_v to_o that_o stature_n which_o be_v fit_v or_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v dry_a it_o will_v not_o extend_v his_o moisture_n again_o afterward_o that_o his_o fancy_n be_v moyst_a it_o be_v for_o the_o bene_fw-la esse_fw-la of_o the_o body_n for_o moisture_n be_v most_o predominant_a in_o he_o till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o age_n and_o then_o his_o moisture_n can_v extend_v itself_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o heat_n and_o then_o he_o become_v most_o judicious_a so_o that_o these_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o method_n for_o the_o good_a of_o man_n again_o a_o child_n have_v his_o faculty_n of_o memory_n principal_a that_o then_o he_o may_v gather_v thing_n into_o a_o store-house_n and_o afterward_o he_o must_v come_v to_o judge_v they_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o best_a memory_n first_o not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o act_n of_o his_o reason_n as_o for_o the_o growth_n of_o his_o body_n he_o be_v for_o anima_fw-la vegetativa_fw-la a_o plant_n for_o sensitiva_fw-la a_o animal_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o one_o act_n of_o any_o of_o these_o faculty_n above_o but_o aâ—l_v act_v together_o yet_o so_o as_o one_o be_v predominant_a ergo_fw-la we_o say_v old_a age_n bring_v wisdom_n now_o wisdom_n be_v sapientia_fw-la that_o be_v syllogistical_a judgement_n or_o prudentia_fw-la that_o be_v the_o application_n thereof_o upon_o every_o occasion_n again_o syllogistical_a judgement_n be_v for_o axiomatical_a judgement_n for_o when_o a_o axiom_n be_v doubtful_a we_o use_v the_o light_n of_o a_o three_o argument_n and_o so_o go_v back_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o true_a and_o false_a axiom_n we_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a again_o axiomatical_a and_o syllogistical_a judgement_n communicate_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o argument_n whereas_o method_n dispose_v axiom_n immediate_o argument_n mediate_o again_o method_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o syllogistical_a judgement_n no_o more_o than_o with_o axiomatical_a judgement_n ergo_fw-la we_o hear_v how_o these_o shall_v be_v distribute_v from_o the_o organ_n of_o they_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o from_o the_o very_a act_n of_o reason_n now_o for_o kickerman_n who_o make_v a_o tricotomy_n he_o desire_v to_o make_v a_o perfect_a art_n leave_v out_o a_o genus_fw-la dispositio_fw-la est_fw-la secunda_fw-la pars_fw-la logicae_fw-la de_fw-la disponendis_fw-la argumentis_fw-la ad_fw-la bene_fw-la judicandum_fw-la this_o term_n dispositio_fw-la commend_v to_o we_o the_o whole_a drift_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o logic_n that_o be_v a_o dispose_n sever_a or_o put_v argument_n asunder_o it_o be_v pars_fw-la logicae_fw-la take_v it_o for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o logic_n it_o contain_v a_o portion_n thereof_o which_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o invention_n i_o mean_v for_o precept_n but_o only_o for_o use_v for_o invention_n and_o judgement_n be_v as_o opposite_a as_o white_a and_o black_a pars_fw-la logicae_fw-la for_o indeed_o it_o belong_v to_o no_o other_o art_n no_o not_o to_o rhetoric_n for_o doctrine_n but_o only_o for_o use_v for_o as_o for_o their_o order_n of_o exordium_n narratio_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o method_n ergo_fw-la it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o the_o rhetorician_n use_v disposition_n ergo_fw-la it_o belong_v to_o rhetoric_n the_o orator_n the_o grammarian_n etc._n etc._n be_v general_a man_n yet_o their_o art_n be_v distinct_a logicae_fw-la because_o logic_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o reason_n act_n and_o there_o be_v also_o this_o second_o act_n of_o reason_n to_o let_v we_o see_v how_o god_n have_v dispose_v all_o thing_n in_o nature_n for_o so_o all_o thing_n but_o god_n be_v composite_a yet_o there_o be_v simples_n too_o yes_o but_o not_o in_o use_n subsistent_a in_o themselves_o but_o ever_o with_o other_o ergo_fw-la god_n simplicity_n be_v a_o property_n that_o can_v be_v communicate_v to_o any_o other_o thing_n secunda_fw-la for_o there_o can_v be_v a_o disposition_n till_o there_o be_v thing_n to_o be_v put_v together_o as_o a_o bricklay_a can_v lay_v brick_n together_o except_o he_o have_v brick_n again_o we_o know_v grammar_n have_v two_o part_n first_o
be_v the_o play_v at_o two-hand_a ruff_n for_o here_o be_v but_o to_o side_n in_o a_o axiom_n ergo_fw-la in_o this_o respect_n he_o say_v argumenti_fw-la cum_fw-la argumento_fw-la argumenti_fw-la in_o general_a because_o all_o the_o kind_n of_o argument_n may_v be_v dispose_v in_o a_o axiom_n qua_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la judicatur_fw-la so_o that_o the_o drift_n of_o judicium_fw-la be_v to_o look_n at_o a_o aliquid_fw-la so_o do_v invention_n but_o yet_o it_o go_v further_o and_o judge_n it_o esse_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la now_o aliquid_fw-la a_o thing_n that_o be_v ens_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la be_v a_o aliquid_fw-la be_v judge_v to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o so_o that_o here_o we_o may_v see_v that_o what_o the_o common_a logician_n teach_v that_o in_o a_o axiom_n there_o be_v a_o subject_n and_o a_o predicate_v and_o the_o predicate_v be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v foretell_v in_o the_o subject_n &_o contra_fw-la as_o when_o i_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n animal_n tell_v i_o somewhat_o of_o homo_fw-la and_o homo_fw-la tell_v i_o somewhat_o of_o animal_n and_o the_o aliquid_fw-la which_o be_v the_o subject_n be_v she_o ed_z esse_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o axiom_n show_v aliquid_fw-la esse_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la because_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v be_v composite_a and_o the_o simples_n be_v imperfect_a he_o do_v not_o say_v aliquid_fw-la esse_fw-la verum_fw-la aut_fw-la falsum_fw-la for_o if_o i_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la lapis_fw-la i_o say_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v though_o it_o be_v false_a and_o when_o i_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n i_o say_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o it_o be_v true_a now_o divers_a bring_v in_o here_o quaestio_fw-la and_o they_o say_v it_o be_v simplex_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o argument_n or_o composite_a which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o axiom_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o a_o axiom_n but_o by_o way_n of_o question_n but_o we_o know_v that_o a_o question_n belong_v to_o a_o syllogism_n and_o to_o make_v it_o as_o general_a as_o axioma_fw-la will_v not_o be_v either_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d latinè_n enunciatum_fw-la enunciatio_fw-la pronunciatum_fw-la pronunciatio_fw-la effatum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la our_o author_n sâ—ays_v upon_o the_o name_n of_o axioma_fw-la because_o few_o logician_n beside_o himself_o have_v receive_v this_o name_n therefore_o lest_o his_o scholar_n shall_v think_v it_o strange_a whereabout_o he_o go_v and_o whether_o he_o have_v forget_v himself_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o mean_v by_o axioma_fw-la that_o which_o other_o call_v enunciatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n propositio_fw-la proper_o belong_v to_o a_o syllogism_n and_o be_v the_o thesis_fw-la and_o the_o assumptio_fw-la be_v the_o apotheosis_n why_o say_v he_o latinè_n because_o axioma_fw-la be_v graecè_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v i_o use_v this_o word_n as_o best_o sit_v my_o turn_n for_o no_o latin_a term_n utter_v this_o thing_n so_o well_o again_o the_o reason_n be_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v i_o have_v rather_o use_v this_o term_n because_o the_o latin_n fetch_v the_o tongue_n from_o the_o greek_n have_v not_o name_n so_o fit_v the_o thing_n as_o they_o because_o enunciatum_fw-la enunciatio_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v a_o adherencie_n of_o word_n and_o they_o do_v name_n logic_n by_o grammar_n whereas_o we_o know_v a_o axiom_n may_v be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o utter_v enunciatum_fw-la enunciatio_fw-la &c_n &c_n enunciatum_fw-la signify_v the_o thing_n concrete_a and_o enunciatio_fw-la signify_v the_o axiomation_n as_o we_o may_v say_v of_o it_o the_o disposition_n of_o it_o and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n axioma_fw-la est_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la aut_fw-la negatum_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la quando_fw-la vinculum_fw-la ejus_fw-la affirmatur_fw-la negatum_fw-la quando_fw-la negatur_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o side_n of_o a_o axiom_n and_o to_o this_o end_n qua_fw-la judicatur_fw-la aliquid_fw-la esse_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la now_o this_o axiom_n be_v distribute_v first_o into_o his_o adjunct_n therefore_o affirmatum_fw-la and_o negatum_fw-la attend_v upon_o the_o esse_fw-la and_o non_fw-la esse_fw-la which_o the_o axiom_n do_v deliver_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n here_o aliquid_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la and_o it_o be_v affirmatum_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n here_o aliquid_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la and_o it_o be_v negatum_fw-la so_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la lapis_fw-la here_o aliquid_fw-la dicitur_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o affirmatur_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la lapis_fw-la here_o aliquid_fw-la dicitur_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o negatur_fw-la so_o that_o the_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n of_o a_o axiom_n be_v not_o of_o the_o esse_fw-la and_o non_fw-la esse_fw-la of_o it_o if_o he_o say_v affirmatum_fw-la qua_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la here_o he_o do_v not_o mean_a esse_fw-la but_o esse_fw-la that_o be_v affirmatum_fw-la as_o when_o i_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la lapis_fw-la esse_fw-la and_o non_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v other_o thing_n than_o affirmatum_fw-la and_o negatum_fw-la but_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v so_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v affirm_v and_o when_o it_o be_v not_o so_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v deny_v here_o i_o say_v he_o distribute_v a_o axiom_n into_o his_o proper_a adjunct_n ergo_fw-la this_o distribution_n be_v not_o imperfect_a as_o we_o say_v before_o because_o then_o the_o species_n which_o follow_v shall_v be_v leave_v out_o for_o some_o there_o be_v which_o say_v a_o distribution_n be_v perfect_a or_o imperfect_a even_o as_o a_o definition_n be_v perfect_a or_o descriptio_fw-la but_o that_o be_v false_a for_o we_o use_v not_o a_o description_n when_o we_o can_v have_v a_o perfect_a definition_n but_o we_o use_v a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la adjunctis_fw-la when_o we_o also_o have_v a_o distribution_n generis_fw-la in_o species_n again_o it_o be_v not_o imperfect_a because_o it_o can_v be_v a_o distribution_n of_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n or_o of_o integrum_fw-la into_o the_o member_n imperfect_o for_o than_o affirmatum_fw-la will_v signify_v a_o simple_a axiom_n and_o negatum_fw-la a_o composite_a axiom_n again_o if_o this_o distribution_n be_v leave_v out_o there_o will_v want_v a_o rule_n of_o art_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o before_o we_o hear_v of_o argument_n that_o be_v affirmantia_fw-la and_o negantia_fw-la here_o he_o say_v axioma_fw-la est_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la aut_fw-la negatum_fw-la for_o the_o band_n be_v it_o that_o deny_v or_o affirm_v the_o argument_n one_o of_o another_o ergo_fw-la the_o axiom_n be_v deny_v aut_fw-la contra_fw-la yea_o when_o there_o be_v argument_n affirmantia_fw-la and_z negantia_fw-la dispose_v in_o a_o axiom_n it_o be_v affirmatum_fw-la aut_fw-la negatum_fw-la as_o when_o i_o say_v darness_n be_v not_o light_n the_o band_n deny_v light_a of_o darkness_n affirmatum_fw-la quando_fw-la vinculum_fw-la ejus_fw-la affirmatur_fw-la why_o have_v we_o not_o yet_o hear_v of_o vinculum_fw-la if_o here_o be_v his_o first_o place_n why_o do_v he_o not_o describe_v it_o answer_n because_o we_o hear_v that_o dispositio_fw-la be_v pars_fw-la logicae_fw-la de_fw-la disponendis_fw-la argumentis_fw-la and_o that_o judicium_fw-la be_v dispositio_fw-la argumenti_fw-la cum_fw-la argumento_fw-la qua_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la judicatur_fw-la and_o in_o disposition_n we_o have_v this_o band_n for_o though_o there_o be_v a_o positio_fw-la of_o argument_n this_o that_o be_v a_o sunder_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o composition_n too_o so_o that_o we_o have_v it_o both_o in_o the_o general_a definition_n of_o disposition_n and_o in_o the_o special_a description_n of_o judicium_fw-la vinculum_fw-la now_o indeed_o vinculum_fw-la be_v vox_fw-la aequivoca_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o band_n of_o a_o axiom_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o of_o method_n the_o band_n of_o method_n be_v call_v transitio_fw-la which_o tie_v two_o several_a doctrine_n together_o as_o two_o bank_n that_o have_v water_n run_v between_o they_o be_v tie_v together_o by_o a_o bridge_n ergo_fw-la in_o this_o case_n it_o can_v be_v define_v vinculum_fw-la affirmatur_fw-la then_o we_o see_v that_o the_o affirmation_n of_o the_o axiom_n be_v from_o the_o band_n and_o not_o from_o the_o argument_n and_o when_o we_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la lapis_fw-la and_o homo_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la lapis_fw-la we_o have_v a_o vinculum_fw-la in_o both_o though_o indeed_o where_o the_o argument_n agree_v there_o shall_v be_v a_o est_fw-fr and_o where_o they_o disagree_v there_o shall_v be_v a_o non_fw-fr est_fw-fr negatum_fw-la quando_fw-la negatur_fw-la for_o if_o it_o be_v â—ffiâ—matum_n quando_fw-la vinculum_fw-la ejus_fw-la affirmatur_fw-la so_o negatum_fw-la contra_fw-la so_o that_o here_o evermore_o look_v to_o the_o vinculum_fw-la now_o this_o distribution_n do_v not_o require_v that_o we_o shall_v always_o affirm_v and_o deny_v too_o the_o same_o axiom_n and_o so_o look_v at_o it_o neither_o shall_v we_o always_o find_v it_o so_o though_o it_o may_v be_v
or_o be_v unite_v because_o they_o be_v opposite_a sine_fw-la ullo_fw-la medio_fw-la cujus_fw-la conjunctio_fw-la est_fw-la disjunctiva_fw-la disjoyn_v or_o pull_v in_o piece_n the_o thing_n dispose_v as_o there_o be_v either_o day_n or_o night_n these_o be_v privantia_fw-la ergo_fw-la contrary_n ergo_fw-la opposite_n de_fw-fr fato_fw-la omnis_fw-la enunciatio_fw-la est_fw-la vera_fw-la aut_fw-la falsa_fw-la this_o be_v a_o disjunct_n in_o like_a sort_n where_o veritas_fw-la and_o falsitas_fw-la be_v disjoin_v now_o for_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o axiom_n here_o one_o part_n only_o be_v true_a and_o not_o both_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o opposite_n itaque_fw-la eidem_fw-la attribui_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o affection_n between_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o part_n there_o both_o will_v be_v true_a as_o argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la artificiale_a aut_fw-la inartificiale_a but_o because_o the_o whole_a with_o the_o form_n make_v up_o the_o species_n therefore_o we_o say_v in_o effect_n argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la artificiale_a aut_fw-la inartificiale_a and_o if_o there_o composite_a axiom_n be_v dispose_v in_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n than_o the_o verb_n will_v be_v the_o band_n for_o we_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o dissension_n of_o the_o part_n but_o to_o see_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n be_v dispose_v with_o the_o three_o argument_n hâ—c_fw-la significatur_fw-la è_fw-la disjunctis_fw-la uni_fw-la they_o verum_fw-la esse_fw-la in_o a_o distinct_a axiom_n one_o part_n only_o be_v true_a because_o they_o be_v dissentanea_fw-la as_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la bone_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la bone_fw-la these_o paâ—ts_n be_v but_o contingent_a separate_v buâ—_n the_o disjunction_n be_v necessary_a cujus_fw-la negatio_fw-la non_fw-la omnis_fw-la enunciatio_fw-la est_fw-la vera_fw-la aâ—t_fw-la falsa_fw-la so_o that_o the_o denial_n take_v away_o the_o contradiction_n et_fw-fr contradictione_n significatur_fw-la non_fw-la necessâ—rio_fw-la alterum_fw-la verum_fw-la esse_fw-la so_o that_o though_o the_o part_n may_v be_v contingent_o true_a yet_o the_o axiom_n may_v be_v necssary_a veruntamen_fw-la quamvis_fw-la absolute_a vera_fw-la disjunctio_fw-la necessary_a a_o quoque_fw-la sit_fw-la tamen_fw-la nihil_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la part_n separatim_fw-la necessarias_fw-la esse_fw-la therefore_o est_fw-la be_v not_o the_o band_n for_o it_o do_v tie_v but_o contingent_a truth_n but_o the_o conjunction_n be_v it_o because_o it_o tie_v necessary_a truth_n itaque_fw-la si_fw-la disjunctio_fw-la sit_fw-la contingens_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolute_a vera_fw-la &_o tantum_fw-la opiniabilis_fw-la est_fw-la qualis_fw-la est_fw-la frequenter_a in_o hominum_fw-la usu_fw-la so_o that_o this_o disjunct_n contingent_a be_v not_o usual_a in_o common_a speech_n ut_fw-la si_fw-la quaeratur_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereas_o both_o or_o neither_o of_o they_o may_v come_v tantum_n opinabilis_fw-la because_o opinio_fw-la be_v the_o judgement_n of_o a_o contingent_a axiom_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v hear_v all_o the_o kind_n of_o disposition_n on_o two_o side_n chap._n ix_o de_fw-fr syllogismo_fw-la &_o ejus_fw-la partibus_fw-la atque_fw-la ejusmodâ—_n judicium_fw-la est_fw-la axiomaticum_fw-la axiomatis_fw-la pierce_v manifesti_fw-la sequitur_fw-la dianoeticum_fw-la now_o we_o come_v to_o a_o disposition_n where_o there_o be_v three_o side_n so_o that_o they_o play_v as_o it_o be_v at_o three_o hand_n ruff_n now_o mark_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o distribution_n of_o dispositio_fw-la into_o axioma_fw-la and_o syllogismus_fw-la some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o be_v lay_v together_o in_o nature_n without_o a_o mean_a ergo_fw-la we_o may_v see_v they_o at_o the_o first_o hand_n uno_fw-la intuiti_fw-la some_o thing_n also_o have_v a_o mean_v which_o we_o must_v use_v before_o we_o can_v see_v they_o ergo_fw-la according_a to_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n and_o according_a to_o the_o act_n of_o our_o reason_n in_o behold_v these_o thing_n so_o must_v our_o logic_n proceed_v and_o as_o the_o medium_n shall_v either_o combine_v or_o sever_v they_o so_o we_o may_v conclude_v they_o affirmative_o or_o negative_o and_o herein_o stand_v the_o force_n of_o those_o rule_n though_o they_o be_v not_o always_o true_a quae_fw-la conveniunt_fw-la in_o aliquo_fw-la tertio_fw-la conveniunt_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la because_o that_o medium_n be_v the_o holder_n of_o they_o two_o together_o aut_fw-la contra_fw-la for_o there_o the_o medium_n will_v be_v a_o bar_n to_o sever_v they_o as_o otiosus_fw-la est_fw-la amator_fw-la aegisthus_n est_fw-la otiosus_fw-la ergo_fw-la est_fw-la amatur_fw-la because_o otium_fw-la be_v as_o glue_v to_o pull_v on_o amor_fw-la for_o it_o argue_v love_n as_o causa_fw-la and_o it_o pull_v on_o egstus_n as_o a_o adjunct_n so_o this_o rule_n sublata_fw-la â—â—usa_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectum_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la and_o all_o these_o rule_n of_o consecution_n be_v because_o the_o effect_n bring_v the_o cause_n with_o it_o and_o any_o other_o argument_n as_o well_o as_o causa_fw-la may_v be_v a_o mean_a whereby_o two_o thing_n may_v be_v glue_v together_o for_o this_o three_o argument_n be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o medium_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o other_o two_o dispose_v with_o it_o but_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o see_v they_o and_o we_o may_v see_v as_o well_o by_o any_o other_o argument_n as_o by_o causa_fw-la atque_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la judicium_fw-la est_fw-la axiomaticum_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o axiom_n be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o appear_v to_o be_v true_a at_o the_o first_o sight_n or_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n now_o our_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v so_o glue_v as_o that_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o see_v any_o truth_n ergo_fw-la if_o the_o truth_n appear_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n a_o axiom_n will_v serve_v we_o else_o we_o must_v have_v a_o candle_n to_o make_v it_o clear_a so_o that_o here_o we_o may_v see_v the_o purpose_n of_o syllogistical_a judgement_n be_v not_o to_o make_v thing_n more_o true_a or_o more_o false_a in_o themselves_o but_o to_o make_v the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n more_o manifest_a unto_o we_o so_o that_o clear_a per_fw-mi se_fw-mi belong_v to_o a_o axiom_n but_o perspicuity_n in_o regard_n of_o we_o belong_v to_o a_o syllogism_n and_o here_o we_o may_v also_o see_v that_o axioma_fw-la probabile_fw-la as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o axioma_fw-la subtle_a belong_v hither_o so_o that_o all_o three_o argument_n be_v not_o use_v to_o make_v the_o thing_n more_o true_a in_o themselves_o but_o to_o make_v the_o truth_n more_o manifest_a to_o we_o ergo_fw-la cardan_n whilst_o he_o argue_v against_o scaliger_n that_o he_o that_o dispute_v of_o subtlety_n may_v dispute_v of_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o right_n but_o when_o he_o will_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o subtlety_n there_o he_o be_v out_o for_o after_o we_o have_v discourse_v a_o point_n syllogistical_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o go_v back_o again_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o a_o axiom_n to_o judge_v the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n thereof_o ergo_fw-la here_o we_o may_v see_v that_o axiom_n and_o syllogism_n be_v confederate_a and_o not_o syllogism_n and_o method_n now_o the_o same_o axiom_n may_v be_v manifest_a to_o one_o man_n but_o dark_a to_o another_o ergo_fw-la syllogistical_a judgement_n wait_v upon_o man_n and_o if_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n be_v nice_a or_o fine_a that_o it_o can_v be_v see_v with_o one_o act_n of_o our_o eye_n than_o we_o must_v use_v a_o three_o argument_n and_o subtle_a if_o we_o define_v it_o aright_o be_v axioma_fw-la non_fw-la adeo_fw-la manifestum_fw-la sequitur_fw-la dianoeticum_fw-la dianoia_fw-la signify_v reason_n discourse_n the_o lay_v about_o by_o our_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o when_o at_o first_o she_o do_v not_o see_v a_o truth_n than_o she_o command_v cogitation_n to_o coagitare_fw-la that_o be_v to_o look_v after_o it_o so_o that_o dianoia_fw-la be_v nothing_o but_o the_o run_v about_o of_o our_o reason_n for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o truth_n some_o logician_n have_v compare_v axiomatical_a judgement_n to_o a_o calm_a sea_n for_o there_o our_o reason_n be_v quiet_a be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o truth_n and_o syllogistical_a judgement_n to_o a_o trouble_a sea_n that_o be_v full_a of_o storm_n wind_n and_o tempest_n for_o there_o our_o reason_n beat_v every_o corner_n to_o conclude_v that_o which_o be_v doubtful_a and_o from_o this_o act_n it_o be_v call_v dianoia_fw-la and_o the_o judgement_n of_o reason_n in_o such_o a_o art_n be_v call_v dianoeticum_n it_o run_v after_o this_o or_o that_o but_o our_o author_n divide_v it_o afterward_o into_o syllogismus_fw-la and_o methodus_fw-la which_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v true_a i_o see_v not_o namely_o how_o method_n shall_v be_v dianoia_fw-la for_o the_o three_o internal_a sense_n in_o nature_n be_v distinct_a ergo_fw-la these_o part_n ought_v to_o be_v distinct_a according_a to_o they_o as_o we_o hear_v before_o now_o method_n make_v all_o thing_n one_o and_o so_o we_o remember_v all_o thing_n as_o one_o and_o the_o thing_n be_v judge_v before_o i_o come_v here_o here_o
sugar_n that_o thereby_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o receive_v and_o rhetoric_n be_v as_o honey_n to_o a_o bitter_a potion_n or_o lace_n to_o a_o garment_n it_o be_v ars_fw-la because_o it_o consist_v of_o precept_n fit_v to_o a_o eupraxy_n dicendi_fw-la it_o come_v of_o dico_fw-la which_o come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a which_o signify_v a_o decision_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o controversy_n and_o belong_v to_o ju_v isprud_v so_o that_o dicere_fw-la be_v proper_o to_o plead_v in_o court_n or_o place_n of_o justice_n and_o because_o rhetoric_n at_o the_o first_o be_v in_o such_o place_n of_o most_o use_n therefore_o be_v this_o word_n give_v unto_o it_o which_o in_o propriety_n be_v too_o straight_o for_o the_o art_n to_o which_o it_o be_v give_v but_o because_o use_v have_v receive_v it_o we_o be_v content_a with_o it_o know_v that_o it_o be_v the_o error_n of_o they_o who_o first_o give_v it_o not_o of_o those_o who_o afterward_o use_v it_o bene._n this_o bene_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o the_o definitiof_n ars_fw-la for_o that_o in_o arse_n be_v whereby_o a_o man_n do_v a_o thing_n expeditè_fw-fr or_o ex_fw-la habitu_fw-la and_o be_v not_o in_o art_n but_o in_o homine_fw-la but_o now_o this_o bene_fw-la dicere_fw-la or_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la or_o the_o like_a be_v a_o bene_fw-la dicere_fw-la or_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la beyond_o that_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o arse_n for_o the_o species_n be_v beyond_o the_o genus_fw-la by_o a_o form_n which_o ramus_n teach_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o forma_fw-la but_o the_o reason_n why_o be_v be_v put_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o every_o art_n be_v because_o every_o creature_n of_o god_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o sin_n be_v make_v evil_a unto_o we_o and_o obscure_v so_o there_o be_v good_a or_o bad_a so_o speech_n be_v good_a or_o bad_a and_o the_o art_n take_v hold_v only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v good_a for_o it_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o for_o difference_n sake_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o be_v shall_v come_v under_o into_o the_o definition_n of_o every_o art_n and_o here_o it_o be_v a_o adverb_n join_v to_o this_o verb_n to_o show_v this_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o good_a function_n of_o this_o action_n bene_fw-la dicere_fw-la so_o he_o do_v be_v dicere_fw-la which_o use_v word_n in_o tempore_fw-la and_o he_o do_v malè_fw-la dicere_fw-la which_o use_v they_o intempestiuè_a cujus_fw-la virtus_fw-la here_o he_o do_v commorari_fw-la to_o show_v the_o effect_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o indeed_o so_o every_o art_n have_v great_a effect_n be_v wise_o use_v ideòque_fw-la plato_n now_o plato_n be_v a_o honest_a man_n in_o greece_n and_o those_o that_o be_v call_v sophistae_fw-la abuse_v this_o art_n and_o make_v the_o common_a people_n by_o it_o believe_v that_o god_n be_v evil_a and_o truth_n falsehood_n he_o be_v angry_a with_o they_o and_o so_o call_v it_o the_o art_n of_o cookery_n of_o flattery_n of_o paint_v of_o enchant_v though_o indeed_o it_o be_v by_o the_o fallacy_n of_o the_o argument_n in_o logic_n and_o thereupon_o that_o name_n sophistae_fw-la which_o before_o be_v a_o name_n of_o honour_n become_v afterward_o a_o name_n of_o reproach_n now_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o be_v not_o rhetoric_n but_o false_a reason_n of_o logic_n only_o the_o rhetoric_n set_v a_o gloss_n upon_o it_o and_o these_o name_n be_v as_o it_o plato_n shall_v say_v though_o this_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o music_n which_o in_o itself_o be_v good_a yet_o thus_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v use_v but_o be_v unneedful_a and_o therefore_o he_o call_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o sauce_n and_o paint_v out_o of_o a_o thing_n or_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v a_o cup_n of_o poison_n fweetn_v with_o honey_n and_o aristotle_n follow_v his_o master_n plato_n say_v it_o be_v in_o a_o good_a commonwealth_n unneedful_a but_o indeed_o rhetoric_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o music_n which_o be_v good_a and_o needful_a the_o roman_n of_o long_a time_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o rhetoric_n and_o among_o the_o turk_n i_o think_v that_o they_o will_v never_o receive_v it_o and_o indeed_o rude_a people_n yea_o and_o all_o kind_n of_o people_n be_v easy_o deceive_v by_o rhetoric_n not_o in_o regard_n of_o judgement_n but_o of_o the_o affection_n of_o love_n which_o embrace_v it_o and_o voluptas_fw-la be_v the_o object_n of_o affection_n now_o indeed_o here_o lie_v the_o fallacy_n in_o that_o a_o speech_n be_v season_v with_o rhetoric_n pass_v by_o the_o understanding_n and_o so_o the_o will_n take_v hold_v of_o it_o and_o while_o the_o will_n do_v hasty_o embrace_v it_o the_o reason_n can_v examine_v it_o and_o so_o in_o trope_n it_o be_v respect_v of_o rhetorician_n to_o bring_v sound_v word_n to_o tickle_v the_o ear_n but_o the_o understanding_n be_v not_o well_o please_v because_o it_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o and_o rhetoric_n be_v the_o art_n of_o affection_n as_o it_o sweeten_v the_o speech_n for_o the_o affection_n of_o love_n be_v so_o greedy_a of_o it_o that_o it_o will_v not_o let_v the_o understanding_n take_v it_o therefore_o rhetoric_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o art_n of_o affection_n grammar_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v understand_v but_o this_o be_v nothing_o for_o they_o be_v both_o of_o speech_n and_o so_o be_v art_n to_o entertain_v bonum_fw-la now_o for_o the_o turk_n i_o think_v they_o will_v never_o embrace_v it_o for_o they_o be_v as_o god_n rod_n to_o whip_v his_o christian_n withal_o we_o have_v already_o hear_v what_o rhetoric_n be_v now_o follow_v the_o distribution_n and_o that_o be_v into_o elocution_n and_o pronunciation_n for_o according_a to_o rhe_n double_a act_n of_o this_o art_n must_v this_o art_n be_v distribute_v for_o we_o have_v already_o hear_v that_o speech_n be_v god_n creature_n give_v unto_o man_n to_o be_v a_o carrier_n from_o man_n to_o man_n and_o that_o because_o one_o man_n eye_n can_v see_v all_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o a_o bare_a testimony_n be_v not_o easy_o receive_v and_o therefore_o must_v be_v sugar_a or_o sauce_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a and_o also_o more_o evident_a now_o speech_n be_v adorn_v by_o speech_n or_o by_o gesture_n for_o though_o speech_n be_v consider_v in_o gesture_n yet_o not_o the_o speech_n proper_o but_o the_o sound_n or_o tenor_n of_o it_o for_o in_o that_o oration_n where_o both_o speech_n and_o gesture_n be_v answerable_a one_o to_o another_o that_o be_v most_o plain_a and_o take_v the_o most_o effect_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o hearer_n and_o gesture_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o dicere_fw-la and_o therefore_o when_o they_o use_v plead_v in_o court_n they_o use_v gesture_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o more_o pleasant_a dicere_fw-la consist_v of_o these_o two_o part_n so_o that_o speech_n be_v adorn_v either_o with_o speech_n or_o gesture_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v call_v elocutio_fw-la of_o eloquor_fw-la which_o though_o for_o notation_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o pronunciatio_fw-la yet_o in_o definition_n and_o in_o use_n they_o be_v distinct_a this_o be_v first_o because_o elocutio_fw-la may_v be_v without_o pronunciatio_fw-la as_o be_v tully_n and_o demosthenes_n his_o oration_n and_o second_o pronunciatio_fw-la may_v be_v improper_o of_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o grammatical_a therefore_o elocutio_fw-la must_v go_v before_o so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o double_a sweeten_v of_o speech_n must_v rhetoric_n have_v these_o two_o part_n elocutio_fw-la est_fw-la exornatio_fw-la here_o exornatio_fw-la be_v not_o a_o genus_fw-la to_o elecutio_fw-la therefore_o i_o define_v elocutio_fw-la to_o be_v prima_fw-la pars_fw-la rhetorica_fw-la de_fw-la exornatione_fw-la orationis_fw-la est_fw-la exornatio_fw-la we_o know_v that_o the_o garment_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o cut_v another_o so_o that_o grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n be_v distinct_a art_n and_o we_o may_v easy_o discern_v between_o they_o for_o i_o may_v compare_v grammar_n to_o plain_a deal_n or_o to_o one_o that_o speak_v plain_o and_o rhetoric_n be_v one_o that_o be_v eloquent_a or_o as_o it_o be_v one_o that_o set_v jewel_n or_o pearl_n in_o grammar_n for_o the_o make_v it_o the_o more_o evident_a to_o be_v receive_v more_o easy_o orationis_fw-la oratio_fw-la be_v proper_o the_o subject_n of_o grammar_n as_o ratio_fw-la be_v of_o logic_n but_o because_o rhetoric_n also_o be_v the_o art_n of_o speech_n as_o well_o as_o grammar_n therefore_o mediate_o or_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n oratio_fw-la come_v to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o rhetoric_n namely_o as_o this_o oratio_fw-la be_v adorn_v with_o trope_n and_o figure_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o rhetoric_n be_v a_o general_a art_n because_o his_o subject_n oratio_fw-la be_v general_a yea_o as_o general_a as_o grammar_n for_o howbeit_o in_o precept_n it_o be_v teach_v after_o it_o yet_o for_o use_v the_o
down_o the_o procreant_a and_o conservant_n cause_n of_o a_o trope_n and_o for_o necessity_n though_o grammar_n be_v as_o large_a as_o logic_n yea_o as_o large_a as_o our_o thought_n yet_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v not_o yea_o they_o use_v to_o say_v the_o heart_n can_v comprehend_v she_o own_o thought_n and_o again_o because_o thing_n at_o the_o first_o be_v so_o many_o that_o they_o can_v not_o ready_o give_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o every_o thing_n hence_o arise_v trope_n afterward_o these_o trope_n be_v sweet_a and_o pleasant_a and_o therefore_o they_o will_v let_v they_o go_v no_o more_o nam_fw-la ut_fw-la vest_n be_v frigoris_fw-la etc._n etc._n man_n at_o first_o need_v not_o clothes_n but_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o sin_n the_o temper_n of_o his_o body_n and_o external_a cold_a together_o cause_v cold_a he_o need_v clothes_n which_o he_o use_v not_o only_o for_o heat_n but_o also_o for_o ornament_n so_o for_o trope_n though_o necessity_n bring_v they_o in_o yet_o decency_n do_v hold_v they_o delectat_fw-la autem_fw-la ideo_fw-la etc._n etc._n because_o it_o be_v witty_a to_o let_v pass_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v before_o our_o foot_n second_o because_o our_o cogitation_n be_v refresh_v by_o they_o for_o variety_n delight_v as_o there_o be_v in_o trope_n and_o even_o as_o if_o we_o see_v speech_n in_o his_o holiday_n garment_n haec_fw-la igitur_fw-la prima_fw-la sunt_fw-la these_o be_v the_o first_o sause_n and_o remedy_n to_o make_v speech_n look_v red_a and_o white_a sedtamen_fw-la verecund_a etc._n etc._n here_o be_v a_o propriety_n a_o trope_n must_v be_v bashful_a and_o shamefaced_a not_o bring_v in_o by_o another_o or_o come_v in_o rush_v perforce_o but_o gentle_a and_o lead_v by_o the_o hand_n or_o i_o pray_v you_o ceme_fw-la in_fw-la now_o to_o all_o kinf_n of_o trope_n there_o be_v certain_a general_a affection_n and_o those_o be_v either_o in_o one_o word_n alone_o or_o in_o the_o continuance_n of_o more_o word_n together_o those_o which_o be_v in_o one_o word_n alone_o be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v too_o hard_a and_o harsh_a or_o too_o bold_a and_o proud_a such_o as_o be_v pull_v in_o by_o the_o ear_n and_o be_v more_o sausy_a now_o these_o be_v general_a affection_n of_o trope_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o they_o be_v this_o we_o have_v hear_v what_o a_o trope_n be_v namely_o where_o a_o word_n be_v change_v from_o his_o natural_a signification_n into_o another_o now_o because_o that_o for_o want_v of_o word_n we_o can_v ready_o give_v a_o fit_a word_n that_o be_v tropical_a therefore_o we_o be_v force_v to_o bring_v they_o in_o more_o harsh_o sometime_o and_o more_o proud_o now_o that_o which_o be_v more_o harsh_a be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d abusio_fw-la tropi_fw-la which_o come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d abutor_fw-la that_o be_v a_o word_n which_o be_v abuse_v more_o unkind_o or_o a_o word_n hardly_o entertain_v it_o be_v call_v of_o the_o grammarian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tunc_fw-la ego_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o i_o may_v only_o hope_v for_o this_o grief_n here_o be_v a_o harsh_a trope_n for_o spes_n be_v expectatio_fw-la boni_fw-la and_o metus_fw-la or_o timâ—r_fw-la expectatio_fw-la mali_fw-la so_o that_o here_o be_v either_o a_o synechdochy_n or_o a_o catachrestical_a irony_n now_o for_o hyperbole_n that_o have_v no_o affinity_n with_o catachrésis_n for_o a_o hyperbole_n be_v very_o usual_a and_o commendable_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o harshness_n in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v a_o little_a too_o proud_a but_o catachrésis_n be_v harsh_a and_o not_o use_v but_o of_o poet_n only_o not_o of_o orator_n at_o least_o very_o seldom_o gladium_fw-la vagina_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v also_o harsh_a for_o we_o rather_o say_v vagina_n &_o gladio_fw-la vacua_fw-la than_o gladius_fw-la est_fw-la vagina_fw-la vacuus_fw-la vacuum_n here_o be_v a_o metaphour_n h._n e._n exutum_fw-la hyperbole_n est_fw-la audacia_fw-la tropi_fw-la of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v carry_v above_o and_o this_o affection_n signify_v that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v fetch_v it_o very_o kind_o but_o proud_o and_o so_o as_o it_o do_v inhaunch_v and_o increase_v the_o matter_n to_o very_o good_a purpose_n and_o this_o affection_n be_v very_o commenadble_a and_o usual_a especial_o in_o scripture_n meiosis_n diminutio_fw-la which_o be_v contrary_a to_o hyperbole_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o synechdochy_n of_o the_o species_n for_o the_o genus_fw-la the_o second_o affection_n of_o trope_n in_o the_o continuance_n of_o more_o word_n be_v call_v allegoria_fw-la which_o be_v continuatio_fw-la troporum_fw-la yet_o those_o trope_n must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o trope_n as_o they_o must_v be_v all_o of_o they_o either_o metonymy_n metaphor_n ironye_n or_o synechdochye_n not_o one_o a_o metonymy_n another_o a_o irony_n and_o another_o a_o metaphor_n and_o another_o a_o synecdochy_n it_o have_v his_o notation_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sedin_n allegoria_fw-la tenendum_fw-la that_o be_v in_o a_o allegory_n look_v from_o what_o thing_n we_o first_o fetch_v our_o allegory_n with_o the_o same_o thing_n must_v we_o end_v as_o if_o i_o begin_v with_o a_o ship_n i_o must_v end_v with_o a_o ship_n for_o if_o i_o begin_v with_o a_o ship_n and_o end_n with_o a_o plough_n inconsequentia_fw-la foedissima_fw-la fuerit_fw-la so_o also_o we_o see_v in_o the_o gospel_n how_o the_o allegory_n of_o dives_n and_o lazarus_n be_v continue_v how_o they_o be_v there_o feast_v and_o afterward_o how_o they_o be_v to_o feast_v in_o another_o place_n where_o dives_n have_v such_o a_o dry_a feast_n as_o he_o desire_v but_o the_o tip_n of_o his_o finger_n to_o cool_v he_o withal_o but_o how_o lazarus_n be_v take_v into_o a_o joyful_a feast_n yea_o even_o into_o abraham_n bosom_n where_o we_o may_v see_v even_o by_o this_o rule_n what_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o place_n by_o abraham_n bosom_n namely_o that_o lazarus_n sit_v in_o heaven_n next_o unto_o abraham_n so_o be_v the_o allegory_n continue_v from_o the_o thing_n he_o do_v fetch_v it_o and_o this_o rule_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o scripture_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n in_o many_o place_n which_o otherwise_o may_v seem_v dark_a now_o for_o he_o that_o give_v his_o fellow_n a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n which_o fell_v he_o and_o yet_o say_v nisi_fw-la tetigi_fw-la what_o affection_n be_v this_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o hyperbole_n of_o his_o own_o commendation_n as_o if_o he_o can_v do_v more_o with_o a_o touch_n than_o other_o with_o a_o great_a stroke_n chap._n iii_o troporum_fw-la genera_fw-la duo_fw-la sunt_fw-la primum_fw-la est_fw-la metonymia_fw-la &_o ironia_fw-la this_o distribution_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o trope_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n whence_o they_o be_v borrow_v and_o those_o from_o the_o argument_n of_o invention_n the_o second_o distribution_n be_v from_o simple_a argument_n metonymy_fw-la est_fw-la tropus_fw-la causae_fw-la ad_fw-la effect_n subj_fw-la ad_fw-la adjunct_n vel_fw-la contrà _fw-la here_o be_v definitio_fw-la ex_fw-la distributione_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v be_v absolutè_fw-la vel_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentaneorum_fw-la which_o be_v show_v by_o the_o induction_n of_o the_o species_n but_o because_o not_o every_o cause_n be_v put_v tropical_o for_o every_o effect_n nor_o è_fw-la contrà _fw-la neither_o every_o subj_fw-la for_o every_o adj_fw-la nor_o è_fw-la contrà _fw-la therefore_o he_o choose_v rather_o to_o keep_v himself_o close_o by_o these_o species_n then_o to_o speak_v general_o metonymy_fw-la of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o change_n of_o the_o name_n which_o be_v true_a of_o every_o trope_n but_o because_o use_v have_v receive_v we_o content_v ourselves_o with_o it_o know_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o it_o or_o if_o you_o will_v make_v it_o a_o synecdochy_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la for_o the_o species_n and_o this_o trope_n be_v first_o for_o that_o the_o argument_n whence_o they_o be_v borrow_v be_v first_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o cause_n be_v put_v for_o the_o effect_n be_v because_o it_o give_v esse_fw-la to_o the_o effect_n so_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o effect_n be_v put_v for_o the_o cause_n be_v because_o it_o have_v its_o esse_fw-la from_o the_o cause_n so_o why_o the_o subj_fw-la be_v put_v for_o the_o adjunct_n because_o the_o adjunct_n in_o esse_fw-la be_v in_o the_o subj_fw-la et_fw-la contrà _fw-la so_o that_o this_o trope_n be_v of_o consentany_a argument_n metonymy_fw-la causae_fw-la est_fw-la efficieintis_n aut_fw-la materiae_fw-la here_o also_o be_v a_o definition_n of_o the_o metonymy_a of_o the_o cause_n ex_fw-la distributionne_n there_o be_v not_o any_o trope_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n neither_o form_n nor_o end_n not_o of_o the_o form_n