brace_n for_o a_o mile_n of_o 6_o road_n be_v 1300_o road_n holland_n 2000_o road_n be_v 5_o holland_n mile_n for_o 4_o flaunders_n mile_n in_o egypt_n their_o cubitus_fw-la geometricus_fw-la be_v 6_o of_o our_o cubit_n they_o reckon_v by_o scena_n which_o be_v a_o spanish_a mile_n persia_n parasangia_n of_o 30_o stadia_fw-la or_o funiculi_fw-la they_o measure_v with_o 24_o finger_n the_o cubit_n and_o cubicus_fw-la regius_n be_v 27_o finger_n the_o roman_n do_v use_v the_o finger_n palm_n and_o the_o foot_n make_v four_o palm_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o land_n and_o way_n diverse_a measure_n be_v by_o the_o say_a roman_n divide_v into_o 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o ounce_n in_o 24_o scruple_n and_o so_o they_o call_v a_o foot_n a_o pound_n and_o 2_o foot_n dupondium_fw-la the_o emperor_n table_n be_v four_o foot_n square_v every_o way_n yet_o in_o use_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o east-country_n but_o in_o england_n france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n be_v long_o than_o broad_a be_v to_o 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ground_n make_v the_o main_a difference_n there_o be_v of_o late_a year_n two_o great_a controversy_n at_o the_o council_n table_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o die_a of_o black-silke_n silk_n die_v of_o black_a silk_n call_v london_n die_v the_o other_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o log-wood_n be_v a_o false_a glorious_a colour_n concern_v the_o london_n die_v of_o silk_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o one_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n be_v by_o sophistication_n of_o additement_n augment_v to_o 32_o ounce_n and_o forty_o ounce_n which_o fraud_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o gummy_a matter_n or_o substance_n whereof_o the_o silk_n be_v not_o purge_v for_o black_a dye_n as_o it_o be_v in_o colour_n whereby_o it_o make_v such_o a_o increase_n in_o weight_n to_o prevent_v this_o abuse_n a_o corporation_n of_o silkeman_n be_v make_v and_o nevertheless_o forasmuch_o that_o a_o reasonable_a increase_n of_o 8_o ounce_n do_v look_v fair_a and_o can_v be_v better_o use_v there_o remain_v a_o toleration_n of_o this_o increase_n in_o london_n the_o way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o fraud_n be_v by_o control_v the_o weight_n by_o measure_n which_o by_o convulsion_n become_v contract_v so_o that_o if_o the_o silk_n be_v purge_v decrease_v 16_o ounce_n to_o 13_o and_o 12_o will_v moderate_o have_v afterward_o some_o increase_n then_o this_o silk_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o yard_n in_o skeane_n and_o mark_v with_o lead_n and_o so_o deliver_v to_o the_o dyar_n must_v be_v receive_v according_o without_o such_o contraction_n and_o decrease_n of_o length_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o weight_n these_o two_o control_a each_o other_o the_o indifferent_a course_n therefore_o be_v the_o golden_a means_n logwood_n die_v by_o the_o help_n of_o logwood_n so_o be_v it_o do_v concern_v log-wood_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o fit_a for_o die_v of_o a_o fair_a colour_n although_o vanish_v serve_v for_o the_o poor_a people_n wear_v couse_n stuffe_n or_o use_v thing_n of_o small_a value_n that_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v prohibit_v as_o well_o as_o the_o importation_n yet_o now_o of_o late_a there_o be_v a_o competent_a quantity_n admit_v to_o be_v use_v by_o letter_n patent_n and_o proclamation_n a_o table_n of_o the_o standard_n for_o the_o true_a make_n of_o woollen_a clothes_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n declare_v by_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n of_o great_a britain_n etc._n etc._n the_o sack_n of_o wool_n appoint_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o the_o lunare_fw-la year_n of_o 13_o month_n of_o 28_o day_n make_v in_o all_o 364_o will_v or_o 365_o will_v for_o so_o many_o day_n in_o the_o year_n the_o todd_n of_o wool_n be_v 28_o will_v for_o so_o many_o day_n in_o the_o month_n and_o 13_o todd_n for_o so_o many_o
that_o the_o three_o and_o so_o forth_o till_o the_o last_o that_o move_v the_o instrument_n that_o strike_v the_o clock_n or_o like_v as_o in_o a_o press_n go_v in_o at_o a_o straight_a where_o the_o foremost_a be_v drive_v by_o he_o that_o be_v next_o he_o and_o the_o next_o by_o he_o that_o follow_v he_o and_o the_o three_o by_o some_o violent_a and_o strong_a thing_n that_o drive_v he_o forward_o which_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n of_o put_v forward_o all_o the_o rest_n afore_o he_o if_o he_o be_v keep_v back_o and_o stay_v all_o they_o that_o go_v afore_o will_v stay_v withal_o this_o be_v therefore_o call_v causa_fw-la efficiens_fw-la and_o so_o be_v usury_n politic_a unless_o the_o bite_n of_o it_o be_v hinder_v as_o shall_v be_v declare_v the_o most_o favourable_a extortion_n by_o usury_n upon_o pawn_n of_o any_o mooveable_a thing_n be_v after_o six_o penny_n for_o 20_o shilling_n for_o one_o month_n of_o 28_o day_n which_o be_v above_o thirty_o in_o the_o 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last_o take_v the_o forfeieure_fw-fr of_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o lend_v about_o the_o three_o and_o four_o pâ—rt_n of_o the_o value_n by_o these_o mean_n devour_v and_o consume_v the_o poor_a householder_n and_o mechanical_a man_n it_o be_v only_o the_o remarkable_a sin_n of_o oppression_n by_o exaction_n note_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n for_o which_o the_o first_o world_n be_v drown_v lombard_n the_o use_n of_o lombard_n this_o cause_v politician_n or_o statesman_n to_o admit_v the_o use_n of_o lombard_n in_o their_o commonweal_n to_o moderate_v this_o intolerable_a exaction_n of_o usury_n so_o call_v lombard_n of_o certain_a italian_n which_o come_v out_o of_o lombardie_n whereof_o lombardstreet_n yet_o bear_v the_o name_n since_o henry_n the_o three_o his_o time_n thâ—se_o lombard_n do_v take_v also_o extreme_a rate_n of_o twenty_o and_o twenty_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o as_o the_o jew_n do_v and_o of_o late_a year_n they_o have_v be_v by_o public_a authority_n admit_v 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charge_n under_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o justinian_n law_n and_o this_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v do_v for_o the_o reason_n follow_v that_o the_o intolerable_a usury_n commit_v by_o the_o lombard_n might_n be_v prevent_v that_o the_o pawn_n shall_v not_o be_v wear_v or_o use_v but_o safe_o keep_v to_o be_v by_o they_o restore_v at_o all_o time_n have_v man_n and_o woman_n to_o look_v unto_o they_o that_o the_o use_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o one_o week_n be_v but_o one_o farthing_n â…—_n part_n towards_o the_o payment_n of_o warehouse_n and_o house_n room_n keep_v of_o the_o pawn_n and_o entertainment_n of_o servant_n wage_n and_o other_o to_o manage_v the_o same_o that_o almost_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pawn_n may_v be_v have_v thereupon_o if_o the_o borrower_n will_v desire_v it_o one_o year_n time_n and_o six_o week_n consider_v with_o the_o charge_n during_o all_o which_o time_n he_o may_v redeem_v the_o same_o and_o pay_v but_o after_o the_o rate_n but_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o time_n than_o the_o pawn_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o a_o public_a outcry_n by_o a_o swear_a officer_n to_o be_v oppoint_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o what_o soever_o be_v make_v more_o thereof_o than_o the_o principal_a money_n borrow_v and_o the_o charge_n to_o be_v restore_v unto_o the_o party_n or_o he_o that_o bring_v the_o ticket_n or_o to_o their_o heir_n or_o within_o two_o year_n to_o the_o magistrate_n if_o no_o man_n claim_v the_o same_o to_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o poor_a that_o steal_a good_n may_v by_o these_o mean_n be_v detect_v and_o thievery_n decrease_v and_o man_n life_n preserve_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o prince_n and_o staâ—e_v i_o hope_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v but_o this_o be_v a_o commendable_a course_n take_v for_o the_o comfort_n of_o the_o common_a people_n that_o by_o intolerable_a usury_n they_o be_v not_o destroy_v but_o as_o necessary_a member_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n they_o may_v live_v in_o their_o vocation_n and_o profession_n sure_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o london_n be_v worthy_a of_o perpetual_a commendation_n for_o the_o education_n of_o orphan_n but_o if_o a_o orphan_n come_v to_o be_v a_o householder_n and_o live_v honest_o by_o his_o handy_a work_n and_o labour_n and_o have_v thereby_o get_v a_o little_a estate_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o pound_n in_o some_o year_n and_o then_o be_v visit_v with_o sickness_n whereunto_o all_o man_n be_v subject_a he_o be_v constrain_v to_o pawn_v his_o good_n or_o substance_n unto_o these_o uncharitable_a people_n what_o a_o miserable_a and_o pitiful_a thing_n it_o be_v to_o see_v his_o poor_a family_n undo_v by_o these_o mean_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o moment_n lose_v that_o which_o with_o great_a care_n labour_n and_o sweat_v of_o his_o brow_n he_o have_v be_v gather_v for_o many_o year_n together_o god_n be_v my_o witness_n that_o the_o consideration_n hereof_o have_v move_v my_o soul_n with_o compassion_n and_o true_a commiseration_n which_o 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exchange_n do_v acknowledge_v the_o receipt_n for_o the_o bill_n be_v give_v upon_o account_n between_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v up_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o clear_v their_o account_n and_o the_o party_n break_v do_v owe_v unto_o he_o far_o great_a sum_n the_o party_n at_o london_n answer_v the_o notary_n that_o they_o look_v to_o be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o acceptation_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o for_o other_o matter_n they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v therewith_o interim_n the_o party_n at_o london_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n die_v and_o so_o all_o the_o bill_n return_v protest_v and_o the_o matter_n rest_v undetermine_v but_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o merchant_n and_o my_o own_o be_v that_o the_o acceptor_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o pay_v they_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o executor_n be_v liable_a thereunto_o unless_o there_o be_v find_v a_o apparent_a combination_n and_o practice_n in_o it_o between_o the_o two_o merchant_n of_o 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day_n and_o if_o it_o do_v fall_v out_o that_o you_o have_v commit_v the_o like_a fault_n and_o thereupon_o a_o protest_v be_v make_v against_o you_o and_o the_o notary_n will_v crave_v your_o answer_n to_o be_v record_v that_o thereupon_o at_o convenient_a time_n some_o advantage_n may_v be_v take_v against_o you_o the_o not_o answer_v being_n take_v to_o be_v discourteous_a or_o brutish_a the_o ordinary_a answer_n be_v video_fw-la &_o taceo_fw-la or_o i_o do_v hear_v and_o see_v which_o word_n the_o notary_n do_v insert_v in_o his_o act_n intimation_n or_o protest_v specialty_n money_n payable_a by_o bond_n or_o specialty_n if_o intimation_n protest_v or_o witness_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o receipt_n and_o payment_n of_o money_n upon_o bond_n or_o other_o evidence_n limit_v to_o a_o day_n you_o be_v then_o to_o observe_v the_o last_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o to_o tender_a or_o to_o attend_v for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o to_o be_v receive_v until_o sun_n set_v at_o the_o 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of_o intimation_n require_v more_o celerity_n than_o the_o other_o and_o albeit_o that_o by_o custom_n the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o accept_v the_o same_o have_v twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n respite_n to_o deliberate_v before_o he_o give_v his_o answer_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o lose_v any_o time_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o protest_v of_o acceptation_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o pregnant_a cause_n the_o protest_v may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o notary_n for_o a_o while_n but_o your_o diligence_n can_v be_v discommend_v this_o protest_v be_v make_v exchange_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o afterward_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n become_v due_a the_o notary_n be_v the_o fit_a man_n to_o demand_v the_o payment_n or_o to_o protest_v unless_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o
subject_a to_o be_v number_v by_o age_n year_n month_n day_n hour_n minute_n and_o their_o division_n and_o subdivision_n we_o can_v in_o this_o place_n omit_v to_o particularise_v concern_v the_o same_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v think_v inconvenient_a to_o touch_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o period_n of_o monarchy_n and_o commonweal_n commonweal_n period_n of_o monarchy_n &_o commonweal_n make_v by_o some_o author_n which_o by_o many_o important_a reason_n may_v be_v amplify_v some_o distribute_v the_o whole_a age_n of_o the_o world_n into_o three_o part_n ascribe_v to_o every_o age_n 2000_o year_n which_o procee_v from_o that_o common_a opinion_n of_o elias_n a_o certain_a rabbin_z or_o jew_n affirm_v that_o the_o world_n shall_v stand_v 6000_o year_n and_o then_o be_v dissolve_v of_o the_o which_o they_o reckon_v 2000_o year_n before_o the_o law_n 2000_o year_n under_o the_o law_n and_o 2000_o year_n under_o christ_n which_o shall_v be_v shorten_v for_o the_o elect_v sake_n 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the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n of_o england_n until_o the_o 24_o of_o march_n 1620_o be_v 17_o year_n complete_a but_o currant_n 18_o concern_v the_o year_n there_o be_v many_o observation_n year_n of_o the_o several_a beginning_n of_o the_o year_n and_o even_o of_o the_o several_a beginning_n of_o it_o and_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o the_o body_n the_o soul_n of_o man_n consist_v in_o the_o blood_n have_v 365_o vein_n as_o residence_n agreeable_a to_o so_o many_o day_n of_o the_o year_n all_o our_o almanac_n or_o calendar_n begin_v the_o year_n from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n albeit_o this_o beginning_n differ_v in_o many_o other_o country_n which_o be_v convenient_a for_o merchant_n to_o observe_v the_o astrologian_n begin_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o arijs_fw-la which_o be_v the_o 21_o of_o march_n at_z 12_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o noon_n the_o old_a roman_n do_v begin_v their_o year_n ab_fw-la hieberno_fw-la solstitio_fw-la the_o egyptian_n 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ordain_v easter_n day_n always_o to_o be_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n or_o sunday_n next_o after_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n make_v thereupon_o a_o list_n according_a to_o the_o circle_n or_o golden_a number_n of_o the_o moon_n begin_v from_o the_o figure_n 1_o until_o number_v 19_o for_o that_o in_o 19_o year_n the_o moon_n make_v her_o complete_a revolution_n &_o concur_v with_o the_o sun_n and_o if_o the_o number_n do_v fall_v out_o upon_o a_o sunday_n than_o the_o sunday_n after_o be_v easter_n day_n day_n the_o listen_v appoint_v for_o easter_n day_n according_a to_o this_o abstract_n which_o be_v now_o alter_v by_o ten_o day_n upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o calendar_n by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13._o golden_a numberâ—_n 1._o the_o 5_o of_o april_n 2._o the_o 25_o of_o march_n 3._o the_o 13_o of_o april_n 4._o the_o 2_o of_o april_n 5._o the_o 22_o of_o march_n 6._o the_o 10_o of_o april_n 7._o the_o 30_o of_o march_n 8._o the_o 18_o of_o april_n 9_o the_o 7_o of_o april_n 10._o the_o 27_o of_o march_n 11._o the_o 15_o of_o april_n 12._o the_o 4_o of_o april_n 13._o the_o 24_o of_o march_n 14._o the_o 12_o of_o april_n 15._o the_o 1_o of_o april_n 16._o the_o 21_o of_o march_n 17._o the_o 9_o of_o april_n 18._o the_o 29_o of_o march_n 19_o the_o 17_o of_o april_n moon_n revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n the_o year_n be_v exact_o calculate_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o revolution_n in_o the_o zodiac_n through_o all_o the_o twelve_o sign_n consist_v of_o 365_o day_n 5_o hour_n 49_o minute_n and_o 16_o second_n and_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o her_o go_v course_n be_v 27_o day_n and_o about_o 8_o hour_n and_o in_o her_o return_a course_n about_o 29_o day_n and_o one_o half_a
alteration_n of_o ten_o day_n make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13._o ivlius_fw-la caesar_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o rome_n a_o man_n learned_a and_o of_o great_a magnanimity_n consider_v that_o the_o roman_a year_n be_v reckon_v confuse_o according_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n &_o by_o the_o hebrew_n with_o their_o intercalar_a month_n to_o make_v the_o same_o agree_v with_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o instigation_n of_o sosigenes_n a_o expert_a mathematician_n about_o 44_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n devise_v a_o new_a foâ—me_n of_o calendar_n first_o frame_v after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n divide_v the_o whole_a year_n into_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n make_v it_o to_o contain_v twelve_o month_n whereof_o the_o name_n be_v yet_o in_o use_n beginning_n from_o march_n for_o the_o first_o month_n which_o cause_v september_n october_n november_n and_o december_n to_o bear_v their_o name_n the_o seven_o eightth_v nine_o and_o ten_o month_n yet_o all_o year_n by_o the_o almanac_n putttng_a januarie_n for_o the_o first_o month_n bear_v the_o name_n according_o from_o the_o heathen_a god_n janus_n paint_v with_o two_o face_n as_o it_o be_v behold_v the_o year_n past_a and_o the_o year_n to_o come_v february_n be_v so_o call_v of_o certain_a sacrifice_n then_o offer_v call_v februa_n march_v of_o mars_n a_o heathen_a god_n april_n month_n the_o denomination_n of_o the_o month_n of_o the_o spring_n time_n and_o the_o word_n aperio_fw-la open_v all_o vegetible_n and_o other_o thing_n may_v of_o maya_n the_o mother_n of_o mercury_n june_n a_o juniore_fw-la for_o that_o all_o the_o young_a people_n have_v a_o meeting_n in_o that_o month_n for_o recreation_n july_n of_o his_o own_o name_n julius_n and_o augustus_n for_o the_o enlarge_n of_o the_o empire_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o odd_a six_o hour_n can_v not_o convenient_o be_v bring_v to_o account_v every_o year_n he_o ordain_v that_o every_o four_o year_n one_o day_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o february_n because_o four_o time_n six_o hour_n make_v up_o a_o whole_a day_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n and_o the_o year_n wherein_o this_o odd_a day_n fall_v year_n the_o leap_v year_n we_o call_v common_o leap_v year_n have_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o day_n and_o because_o it_o be_v add_v at_o the_o six_o calends_n of_o march_n it_o be_v name_v in_o latin_a bissixtus_fw-la or_o bissextilis_fw-la annus_fw-la nevertheless_o julius_n caesar_n do_v begin_v his_o calendar_n in_o januarie_n when_o the_o sun_n enter_v the_o eight_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n eight_o day_n after_o the_o winter_n solstitium_fw-la solstitium_fw-la solstitium_fw-la which_o then_o be_v the_o short_a day_n of_o the_o year_n fall_v upon_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o december_n and_o the_o spring_n time_n equinoctium_n about_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o march_n equinoctium_n equinoctium_n the_o which_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o change_v and_o sliden_fw-mi back_o in_o the_o julian_n calendar_n from_o the_o say_a observation_n of_o the_o spring_n equinoctium_n as_o also_o from_o the_o harvest_n equinoctium_n be_v about_o the_o twenty_o six_o of_o september_n the_o long_a day_n then_o fall_v out_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o june_n ground_v upon_o this_o reason_n of_o prevention_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o the_o twelve_o eleven_o and_o ten_o day_n of_o the_o say_a month_n and_o the_o thirteen_o and_o fourteen_o of_o september_n but_o the_o chief_a cause_n proceed_v by_o reason_n that_o julius_n caesar_n do_v reckon_v the_o year_n to_o continue_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o just_a astronomer_n calculation_n by_o ten_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o forty_o four_o second_n account_v sixty_o minute_n to_o a_o hour_n and_o sixty_o second_n to_o a_o minute_n so_o that_o the_o year_n true_o contain_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n five_o hour_n forty_o nine_o minute_n error_n the_o difference_n as_o the_o account_n of_o year_n for_o the_o error_n and_o sixteen_o second_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v which_o difference_n in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o make_v one_o whole_a day_n and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o year_n be_v the_o time_n that_o the_o julian_n calendar_n be_v set_v forth_o until_o the_o last_o year_n it_o come_v to_o twelve_o day_n twenty_o two_o hour_n forty_o minute_n and_o twenty_o five_o second_n for_o this_o cause_n sundry_a learned_a man_n have_v heretofore_o desire_v that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v reform_v to_o avoid_v inconvenience_n and_o to_o have_v a_o true_a account_n of_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v propound_v to_o diverse_a general_a counsel_n but_o take_v no_o effect_n till_o now_o of_o late_a year_n by_o mean_n of_o pope_n gregory_n the_o thirteen_o in_o the_o year_n 1582_o and_o then_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o one_o aloysius_n lilius_fw-la professor_n in_o mathematic_a astrology_n to_o set_v down_o this_o long_o desire_a reformation_n who_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v the_o same_o exact_o by_o true_a account_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o clergy_n for_o they_o will_v not_o agree_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v draw_v back_o any_o further_a than_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 328_o and_o hereupon_o he_o bring_v the_o reckon_n back_o only_o ten_o day_n &_o cause_v the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o december_n to_o be_v call_v the_o twenty_o five_o day_n inconvenience_n alteration_n of_o ten_o day_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v but_o observe_v in_o some_o place_n and_o bring_v great_a controversy_n in_o diverse_a country_n see_v the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n and_o other_o festival_n day_n and_o also_o day_n of_o keep_v of_o fair_n and_o market_n be_v change_v and_o hold_v ten_o day_n before_o the_o accustom_a time_n and_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o make_v their_o contract_n and_o obligation_n be_v often_o disappoint_v of_o their_o day_n of_o payment_n with_o diverse_a other_o inconvenience_n whereas_o man_n of_o true_a judgement_n may_v have_v make_v this_o argument_n be_v it_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o time_n grow_v by_o certain_a minute_n and_o second_v every_o year_n arise_v to_o one_o whole_a day_n every_o four_o year_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n then_o as_o it_o be_v increase_v thereby_o thirteen_o day_n in_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o year_n it_o may_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n decrease_v so_o much_o in_o few_o year_n calendar_n a_o true_a and_o good_a reformation_n of_o the_o julian_n calendar_n by_o leave_v out_o and_o suspend_v that_o one_o day_n which_o be_v so_o add_v until_o it_o come_v to_o his_o first_o institution_n and_o calculation_n of_o the_o julian_n calendar_n which_o may_v be_v reform_v in_o fifty_o two_o year_n begin_v from_o the_o year_n 1620_o be_v leap_v year_n and_o leave_v out_o thirteen_o day_n which_o be_v little_o more_o than_o one_o hour_n in_o the_o say_v and_o be_v no_o perceptable_a difference_n and_o after_o the_o say_v fifty_o two_o year_n expire_v to_o add_v the_o say_a day_n again_o and_o there_o will_v not_o increase_v any_o one_o day_n more_o but_o in_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n and_o all_o the_o yearly_a observation_n may_v be_v accommodate_v according_o i_o make_v a_o exact_a table_n hereof_o in_o the_o year_n 1604_o whereby_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n fall_v out_o again_o to_o be_v the_o short_a day_n of_o the_o year_n this_o table_n be_v show_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v and_o howsoever_o please_v yet_o for_o some_o cause_n to_o i_o unknown_a not_o hold_v fit_a to_o be_v establish_v chap._n iii_o of_o number_n and_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o unity_n be_v the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n of_o number_n which_o have_v a_o reference_n unto_o god_n the_o only_a fountain_n of_o goodness_n the_o only_a father_n creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o we_o all_o here_o let_v we_o note_v that_o the_o philosopher_n have_v not_o only_o with_o one_o consent_n affirm_v that_o great_a mystery_n and_o virtue_n be_v contain_v in_o number_n but_o the_o ancient_a father_n have_v also_o observe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o jerome_n augustine_n origen_n ambrose_n basil_n athanasius_n hilarius_n rabanus_n beda_n and_o other_o among_o who_o doctor_n rabanus_n have_v make_v a_o book_n of_o the_o virtue_n which_o be_v hide_v under_o number_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mystery_n comprehend_v under_o number_n saint_n john_n in_o the_o revelation_n will_v not_o have_v say_v he_o that_o have_v understanding_n let_v he_o reckon_v the_o number_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o beast_n jiiiii_n
collect_v together_o also_o with_o the_o commissary_n clerk_n and_o servant_n of_o counting-house_n as_o also_o the_o commissioner_n of_o muster_n ammonition_n victual_n and_o wagon_n and_o to_o cause_v they_o solemn_o to_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o keep_v all_o the_o point_n and_o article_n of_o our_o say_a ordinance_n 33_o the_o council_n of_o state_n also_o shall_v appoint_v commissioner_n for_o muster_n to_o take_v by_o the_o course_n thereof_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o colonel_n master_n of_o horse_n captain_n lieutenant_n ancient-bearer_n sergeant_n clerk_n and_o solicitor_n of_o company_n in_o our_o service_n military_a which_o oath_n be_v take_v shall_v forthwith_o by_o form_n of_o act_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o council_n of_o state_n 34_o likewise_o that_o the_o council_n of_o admiralty_n the_o officer_n of_o convoy_n master_n of_o licents_n their_o commissary_n clerk_n and_o servant_n and_o other_o that_o be_v accountable_a shall_v do_v the_o like_a 35_o we_o do_v further_a order_n that_o the_o committee_n of_o our_o council_n the_o council_n provincial_a or_o of_o finance_n of_o every_o respective_a province_n for_o themselves_o or_o their_o committee_n shall_v call_v before_o they_o all_o accountable_a officer_n as_o well_o steward_n of_o the_o demayne_n and_o spiritual_a live_n receiver_n of_o the_o ordinary_a mean_n collector_n of_o toll_n and_o all_o other_o with_o their_o clerk_n and_o servant_n which_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o particular_a province_n item_n the_o register_n and_o secretary_n advocate_n proctor_n warder_n of_o college_n court_n and_o chamber_n of_o finance_n to_o take_v the_o aforesaid_a oath_n 36_o the_o committee_n of_o state_n and_o their_o deputy_n or_o council_n provincial_a shall_v have_v care_n also_o that_o all_o town_n and_o village_n of_o the_o say_v respective_a province_n shall_v take_v the_o say_a oath_n before_o they_o that_o be_v accustom_v to_o take_v the_o same_o and_o where_o the_o same_o can_v convenient_o be_v do_v the_o say_a committee_n of_o state_n their_o deputy_n and_o provincial_a council_n shall_v appoint_v in_o all_o town_n and_o village_n some_o person_n to_o take_v the_o say_a oath_n before_o the_o boroughmaster_n magistrate_n treasurer_n and_o secretary_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o place_n also_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n and_o all_o other_o company_n already_o erect_v or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v erect_v as_o also_o all_o treasurer_n receiver_n rent-gatherers_a and_o their_o committee_n or_o clerk_n of_o lord_n prince_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o of_o high_a power_n item_n all_o deacon_n of_o church_n master_n of_o the_o hospital_n or_o orphan_n almoner_n and_o all_o those_o that_o serve_v in_o almshouse_n house_n of_o correction_n or_o college_n and_o their_o servant_n item_n all_o banker_n of_o money_n their_o deputy_n and_o servant_n all_o master_n of_o corporation_n or_o society_n master_n of_o handie-crafts-man_n or_o trade_n such_o as_o live_v by_o rent_n merchant_n in_o grosse_n or_o by_o retail_n shopkeeper_n brewer_n woodmonger_n herring-monger_n cheese-monger_n dyer_n beere-monger_n innkeeper_n and_o tapster_n and_o all_o those_o that_o use_v any_o trade_n item_n all_o chamberlain_n and_o notary_n resort_v under_o they_o collector_n of_o small_a duty_n fermer_n impost-master_n and_o of_o consumption_n tolegatherers_a gatherer_n of_o poundage_n broker_n and_o their_o committee_n clerk_n and_o servant_n within_o town_n and_o other_o place_n reside_v respective_o under_o they_o and_o further_o all_o those_o that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o every_o town_n place_n or_o village_n shall_v hold_v convenient_a or_o judge_v to_o be_v necessary_a shall_v take_v the_o say_a oath_n upon_o penalty_n in_o case_n of_o refusal_n to_o pay_v every_o day_n three_o guilder_n so_o long_o as_o they_o do_v not_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o proclamation_n and_o moreover_o to_o lose_v their_o freedom_n of_o a_o citizen_n &_o of_o their_o trade_n office_n or_o traffic_v so_o as_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v admit_v unto_o his_o office_n trade_n or_o traffic_v to_o exercise_v the_o same_o until_o he_o have_v first_o in_o conformity_n of_o our_o say_a proclamation_n take_v the_o say_a oath_n 37_o we_o have_v also_o conclude_v and_o think_v good_a that_o the_o council_n of_o state_n the_o council_n of_o the_o admiralty_n the_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o say_v respective_a province_n and_o all_o court_n of_o justice_n shall_v promise_v under_o their_o signature_n upon_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o their_o office_n to_o keep_v all_o the_o say_a point_n and_o article_n none_o except_v and_o the_o say_a court_n of_o justice_n shall_v in_o form_n of_o act_n send_v the_o say_a oath_n of_o all_o the_o say_v several_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a article_n to_o the_o say_a lord_n estate_n of_o the_o say_v respective_a province_n or_o in_o their_o absence_n to_o the_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o state_n within_o fourteen_o day_n after_o the_o publication_n hereof_o which_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o state_n shall_v within_o other_o 14_o day_n after_o that_o send_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o estate_n general_n to_o know_v thereby_o that_o this_o our_o ordinance_n be_v receive_v and_o the_o observation_n thereof_o establish_v the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o council_n of_o state_n or_o of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o their_o committee_n or_o deputy_n and_o other_o within_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a 38_o over_o and_z above_o all_o the_o aforesaid_a oath_n to_o be_v do_v respective_o by_o every_o one_o the_o say_a province_n have_v mutual_o promise_v and_o by_o these_o present_n do_v promise_v each_o to_o other_o to_o observe_v and_o cause_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o say_a proclamation_n in_o all_o and_o every_o point_n and_o article_n without_o any_o alteration_n to_o be_v do_v therein_o make_v void_a and_o annihilate_v from_o hence_o forward_a all_o particular_a grant_n consent_n ordinance_n privilege_n permission_n or_o command_n which_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a valuation_n in_o part_n or_o in_o the_o whole_a by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a province_n town_n college_n and_o magistrate_n or_o other_o member_n of_o the_o same_o may_v be_v give_v and_o grant_v be_v opposite_a to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o country_n 39_o also_o because_o that_o hereby_o the_o say_a valuation_n be_v much_o ease_v for_o the_o multitude_n of_o coin_n whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o many_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n bullion_n shall_v be_v incident_a in_o these_o province_n to_o the_o end_n our_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o overmuch_o charge_v with_o the_o same_o but_o with_o the_o least_o grievance_n may_v be_v free_v thereof_o we_o will_v and_o command_v the_o general_n of_o mint_n instant_o and_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o take_v care_n that_o in_o all_o town_n of_o these_o unite_a province_n with_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o magistrate_n respective_o where_o there_o be_v no_o bank_n of_o exchange_n nor_o exchanger_n there_o be_v appoint_v one_o or_o more_o person_n of_o credit_n and_o reputation_n as_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v require_v to_o be_v exchanger_n and_o in_o place_n where_o such_o person_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o be_v fit_a thereunto_o that_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v procure_v they_o and_o give_v they_o honest_a recompense_n and_o to_o furnish_v they_o with_o convenient_a instruction_n and_o commission_n unto_o who_o or_o into_o the_o mint_n every_o man_n have_v bullion_n shall_v deliver_v the_o same_o as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o manuall_n thereof_o prohibit_v unto_o all_o man_n that_o be_v not_o authorise_v thereunto_o not_o to_o meddle_v with_o any_o exchange_a function_n direct_o nor_o indirect_o upon_o forfeiture_n of_o fifty_o netherlands_n golden_a rider_n in_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o first_o time_n and_o double_a the_o second_o time_n beside_o arbitrable_a correction_n the_o one_o three_o part_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o officer_n the_o other_o three_o to_o the_o accuser_n and_o the_o other_o three_o to_o the_o exchanger_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o say_v penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n shall_v happen_v 40_o and_o for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o this_o present_a ordinance_n and_o command_n we_o do_v order_n and_o command_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v publish_v in_o all_o accustom_a place_n where_o proclamation_n be_v make_v every_o three_o month_n precise_o and_o as_o often_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v to_o be_v renew_a and_o publish_v require_v therefore_o the_o state_n of_o every_o respective_a province_n and_o their_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o state_n to_o cause_v the_o say_a publication_n to_o be_v do_v at_o the_o day_n nominate_v 41_o final_o albeit_o we_o have_v cause_v the_o say_a valuation_n to_o be_v establish_v upon_o a_o firm_a and_o sure_a ground_n without_o limitation_n thereof_o to_o any_o time_n certain_a
nevertheless_o to_o accommodate_v and_o for_o remarkable_a reason_n we_o have_v condescend_v and_o tolerate_v that_o the_o follow_a species_n of_o gold_n only_o and_o none_o other_o shall_v be_v issue_v and_o receive_v for_o the_o price_n hereafter_o until_o the_o last_o of_o september_n now_o next_o ensue_v 42_o provide_v always_o that_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v before_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o money_n according_a to_o the_o permission_n of_o that_o time_n shall_v remain_v and_o be_v maintain_v and_o satisfy_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o without_o that_o by_o the_o say_a valuation_n or_o follow_a toleration_n any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_n shall_v be_v innovate_v or_o abolish_v 43_o also_o during_o the_o say_a toleration_n no_o coin_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o land_n or_o heritage_n or_o rent_n upon_o bill_n or_o payment_n upon_o obligation_n until_o januarie_n last_o shall_v be_v draw_v against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n to_o the_o say_a price_n of_o toleration_n but_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v according_a to_o this_o present_a valuation_n 44_o likewise_o the_o say_a bank_n of_o exchange_n shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o say_a coin_n at_o high_a price_n nor_o to_o issue_v the_o same_o otherwise_o than_o the_o say_v final_a valuation_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o follow_a toleration_n which_o as_o unnecessary_a be_v here_o omit_v the_o time_n be_v expire_v observation_n concern_v the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o ordinance_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o popular_a government_n in_o their_o proclamation_n placcart_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n do_v much_o differ_v from_o the_o proclamation_n which_o be_v make_v in_o monarchy_n where_o magistrate_n and_o judge_n be_v of_o great_a reputation_n and_o dignity_n according_a to_o their_o royal_a parlement_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1594_o all_o mint_n stand_v still_o for_o one_o whole_a year_n to_o prevent_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o the_o say_a state_n do_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o reform_v the_o same_o so_o long_o as_o the_o seventeen_fw-mi netherlands_o be_v divide_v every_o one_o claim_v as_o absolute_a authority_n as_o the_o other_o as_o member_n of_o one_o body_n and_o that_o now_o they_o have_v devise_v a_o course_n to_o make_v their_o proclamation_n effectual_a within_o the_o unite_a province_n to_o their_o great_a benefit_n if_o we_o will_v consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o former_a valuation_n of_o coin_n make_v by_o prince_n and_o merchant_n with_o their_o several_a branch_n which_o by_o policy_n be_v make_v inconstant_a and_o germany_n france_n and_o other_o country_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o take_v any_o course_n in_o their_o money_n answerable_a thereunto_o that_o the_o lion_n doller_n and_o the_o great_a golden_a royal_a of_o the_o say_v unite_v province_n be_v value_v and_o make_v the_o standard_n piece_n of_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n make_v currant_n by_o this_o proclamation_n and_o that_o all_o other_o coin_n of_o what_o kingdom_n or_o state_n soever_o be_v make_v bullion_n and_o not_o to_o be_v currant_n within_o the_o say_a province_n that_o silver_n coin_n shall_v be_v weigh_v as_o well_o as_o the_o gold_n whereby_o a_o more_o certainty_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o par_fw-fr for_o exchange_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o their_o species_n be_v far_o less_o in_o number_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n can_v be_v better_o discern_v yet_o without_o the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n still_o great_a advantage_n may_v be_v take_v by_o one_o nation_n against_o another_o that_o the_o scope_n of_o this_o proclamation_n be_v to_o set_v their_o mint_n on_o work_n by_o abolish_n all_o the_o several_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o all_o kingdom_n not_o value_v or_o make_v currant_n thereby_o state_n the_o coin_v of_o money_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n so_o that_o the_o melt_a of_o money_n be_v a_o great_a matter_n of_o state_n which_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o former_a declaration_n of_o their_o weight_n and_o finesse_n in_o so_o much_o that_o whereas_o in_o the_o year_n 1586_o when_o the_o earl_n of_o leycester_n go_v over_o to_o take_v the_o government_n of_o those_o country_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n the_o lion_n doller_n make_v now_o to_o be_v the_o standard_n piece_n be_v value_v at_o thirty_o six_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a shilling_n which_o be_v now_o require_v to_o be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n be_v value_v at_o ten_o stiver_n hundred_o decree_v four_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o now_o the_o say_a lion_n doller_n albeit_o decree_v after_o the_o former_a inhancement_n be_v still_o value_v at_o forty_o stiver_n which_o be_v one_o nine_o part_n increase_v according_a to_o which_o the_o english_a shilling_n ought_v to_o be_v increase_v also_o 1_o 9_o part_n which_o for_o 10_o stiver_n will_v be_v 11_o stiver_n and_o 1_o 9_o part_n whereas_o the_o same_o be_v enhance_v but_o to_o ten_o stiver_n &_o one_o half_a and_o no_o more_o the_o difference_n in_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n be_v in_o the_o one_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o 35_o of_o their_o shilling_n for_o our_o 20_o shilling_n and_o in_o the_o other_o above_o 37_o shilling_n in_o the_o main_a standard_n coin_n and_o much_o more_o in_o the_o small_a coin_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o concern_v exchange_n the_o like_a consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v for_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n of_o other_o country_n whereby_o authority_n will_v rule_v their_o own_o and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o other_o nation_n but_o by_o equality_n and_o equity_n which_o no_o nâ—tion_n can_v control_v or_o contradict_v wherein_o consider_v we_o likewise_o the_o standard_n piece_n of_o the_o late_a archduke_n albertus_n of_o austria_n for_o the_o unite_a province_n declare_v by_o their_o proclamation_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o like_a ground_n and_o foundation_n to_o their_o advantage_n albeit_o they_o seem_v to_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o disorderly_a course_n of_o money_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a policy_n in_o state_n affair_n the_o say_a archduke_n make_v as_o now_o the_o state_n have_v do_v his_o own_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o standard_n piece_n silver_n modern_a and_o ancient_a standard_n oâ—_n gold_n and_o silver_n namely_o the_o double_a ducat_n of_o 23_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n of_o gold_n at_o seven_o guilder_n and_o eighteen_o stivers_n and_o the_o piece_n of_o three_o royal_n at_o fifteen_o stivers_n of_o ten_o ounce_n and_o eighteen_o grain_n fine_a by_o their_o calculation_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o by_o these_o mean_n there_o be_v a_o new_a foundation_n lay_v down_o for_o money_n in_o the_o say_v seventeen_o low_a province_n where_o heretofore_o they_o always_o have_v the_o philip_n doller_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o the_o emperor_n royal_a of_o gold_n of_o 23_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a for_o their_o standard_n piece_n qui_fw-la vadit_fw-la plane_n vadit_fw-la sane_fw-la take_v not_o always_o place_n last_o that_o the_o mint_n of_o certain_a lord_n be_v call_v hedge_n mint_n which_o be_v not_o under_o their_o command_n mint_n hedge_n mint_n as_o batenborg_n heall_n bargain_n vianen_n gronswelt_v rechein_n gevarden_n stenwart_n and_o other_o may_v follow_v their_o own_o course_n in_o the_o coin_v of_o money_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o commerce_n alter_v all_o these_o ordinance_n for_o in_o the_o say_a year_n of_o 1586_o all_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n and_o penalty_n be_v far_o great_a and_o the_o melt_a down_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o coin_n be_v prohibit_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o good_n yet_o all_o be_v neglect_v and_o come_v into_o disorder_n by_o the_o command_n of_o gain_n which_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o true_a course_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o only_a remedy_n to_o make_v the_o effect_n to_o cease_v and_o all_o other_o mean_n be_v fallacy_n and_o to_o be_v abuse_v &c._n &c._n *_o dtridot_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n many_o be_v the_o author_n which_o have_v write_v against_o usury_n in_o all_o age_n every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o profession_n most_o especial_o the_o divine_n who_o have_v the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o warrant_n wherein_o also_o the_o ancient_a father_n have_v be_v very_o strict_a to_o construe_v the_o same_o according_o usury_n definition_n of_o usury_n make_v any_o thing_n take_v above_o the_o principal_a to_o be_v usury_n because_o the_o very_a word_n of_o usury_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n be_v call_v a_o bite_a of_o this_o word_n neshech_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o bite_a as_o
be_v condemn_v and_o forbid_v by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o imperial_a law_n civil_a and_o canon_n law_n ancient_a father_n decretal_n learned_a philosopher_n eloquent_a orator_n historiographer_n and_o lawgivers_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o cause_v i_o some_o year_n since_o to_o write_v a_o small_a england_n small_a saint_n george_n for_o england_n treatise_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o usury_n in_o kingdom_n state_n and_o commonweal_n show_v although_o allegorical_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o with_o the_o six_o member_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v clergyman_n magistrate_n nobleman_n merchant_n artificer_n and_o husbandman_n by_o overthrow_v the_o harmonical_a government_n of_o they_o by_o too_o much_o enrich_v some_o and_o by_o oppress_v and_o impoverish_v some_o other_o bring_v the_o instrument_n out_o of_o tune_n when_o as_o every_o member_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v live_v content_v in_o his_o vocation_n and_o execute_v his_o charge_n according_a to_o his_o profession_n whereby_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v govern_v in_o the_o best_a and_o most_o assure_a manner_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v and_o as_o it_o be_v seek_v a_o kind_n of_o certainty_n in_o uncertainty_n which_o be_v term_v policy_n for_o all_o worldly_a and_o transitory_a thing_n be_v mutable_a make_v the_o world_n proper_o to_o consist_v of_o discord_n and_o dissension_n a_o very_a uncertain_a ground_n to_o build_v upon_o and_o yet_o a_o certain_a equality_n and_o concord_n be_v require_v in_o every_o well_o govern_v commonwealth_n the_o prince_n and_o governor_n have_v the_o dispose_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o equality_n concern_v traffic_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o country_n and_o concord_n among_o the_o member_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n when_o every_o member_n thereof_o do_v live_v content_o and_o proportionable_o in_o his_o vocation_n both_o these_o be_v confound_v by_o intolerable_a usury_n which_o be_v describe_v under_o the_o invent_a history_n of_o saint_n george_n george_n the_o history_n of_o s._n george_n whereby_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v prefigure_v deliver_v the_o virgin_n which_o do_v signify_v the_o sinful_a soul_n of_o christian_n from_o the_o dragon_n or_o devil_n power_n so_o by_o the_o person_n of_o saint_n george_n be_v understand_v the_o king_n authority_n arm_v with_o the_o right_a armour_n of_o christian_n who_o with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n most_o holy_a word_n explain_v and_o corroborate_v with_o several_a other_o law_n signify_v by_o the_o pybald_n horse_n whereon_o he_o be_v mount_v do_v destroy_v the_o dragon_n usury_n have_v two_o wing_n to_o advance_v himself_o be_v vsura_fw-la palliata_fw-la and_o vsura_fw-la explicata_fw-la and_o his_o inconstant_a tail_n cambium_n the_o virgin_n or_o king_n daughter_n be_v treasure_n and_o money_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o his_o mean_n and_o foreign_a nation_n the_o allegory_n whereof_o require_v a_o due_a consideration_n and_o will_v in_o plain_a term_n be_v distasteful_a to_o diverse_a this_o dragon_n bring_v inequality_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o tail_n wherein_o lie_v his_o great_a strength_n make_v the_o expense_n thereof_o to_o surmount_v the_o revenue_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o which_o disease_n those_o will_v be_v think_v to_o be_v very_o foolish_a physician_n that_o by_o their_o medicine_n shall_v cast_v the_o body_n politic_a of_o a_o commonwealth_n into_o a_o more_o dangerous_a sickness_n wherefore_o as_o the_o wound_n of_o this_o dragon_n usury_n be_v inveterate_v so_o must_v he_o be_v deal_v withal_o by_o degree_n and_o lenity_n admit_v he_o for_o the_o time_n as_o most_o state_n and_o goverment_n do_v as_o a_o necessary_a evil_n in_o regard_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n evil_n a_o necessary_a evil_n albeit_o that_o many_o usurer_n be_v like_a unto_o jew_n who_o think_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o take_v any_o forfeiture_n be_v it_o never_o so_o unequal_a and_o unjust_a any_o mortgage_n any_o pawn_n nothing_o be_v amiss_o for_o they_o they_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o that_o win_v which_o we_o call_v anatokismos_n that_o be_v usury_n upon_o usury_n no_o they_o dread_v not_o to_o take_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v for_o a_o week_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v because_o we_o be_v stranger_n as_o if_o we_o be_v all_o canaanite_n or_o some_o of_o the_o seven_o nation_n which_o be_v as_o well_o to_o be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n as_o to_o be_v root_v out_o by_o josuah_n but_o these_o man_n can_v allege_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o defence_n but_o greedy_a lucre_n *_o dtridot_n chap._n xi_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n you_o may_v perceive_v what_o law_n and_o prohibition_n be_v make_v against_o usury_n and_o nevertheless_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o be_v most_o usual_a in_o many_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o the_o law_n be_v also_o make_v according_o for_o this_o sin_n be_v rather_o in_o the_o conscience_n than_o in_o the_o act_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o penalty_n impose_v upon_o it_o by_o god_n law_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v tolerate_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o so_o do_v some_o other_o law_n twelve_o and_o more_o but_o the_o intent_n and_o not_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v weigh_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n law_n in_o the_o narrative_a part_n say_v that_o whereas_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n yet_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o be_v tolerate_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o year_n which_o by_o way_n of_o forfeiture_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v sue_v for_o by_o the_o law_n but_o if_o there_o be_v never_o so_o little_o take_v above_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n the_o principle_n be_v lose_v and_o treble_a damage_n the_o word_n usury_n be_v not_o so_o odious_a in_o time_n past_a as_o it_o be_v now_o take_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o usury_n politic_a usury_n threefold_a usury_n no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o usury_n natural_a and_o usury_n spiritual_a and_o my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o maintain_v usury_n politic_a in_o all_o respect_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n that_o have_v the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o warrant_n but_o the_o over-precisenes_n therein_o may_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v theft_n by_o death_n but_o only_o by_o restitution_n and_o as_o cato_n say_v rustica_fw-la cato_n de_fw-fr rustica_fw-la when_o a_o thief_n be_v punish_v to_o pay_v the_o double_a of_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o usurer_n be_v always_o condemn_v to_o pay_v four_o time_n the_o value_n the_o law_n therefore_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n nature_n condition_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o simple_o to_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n take_v above_o the_o principal_n be_v usury_n be_v wonderful_a strict_a unless_o you_o take_v the_o word_n usury_n to_o be_v bite_a because_o the_o same_o be_v never_o hurtful_a but_o where_o it_o bit_v and_o the_o matter_n of_o conscience_n consist_v in_o the_o not_o get_v of_o your_o debtor_n and_o not_o in_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n the_o usury_n be_v great_a therefore_o to_o take_v but_o two_o or_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o one_o that_o make_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o money_n than_o to_o take_v ten_o or_o twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v a_o great_a gain_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n pecunia_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la parere_fw-la alienas_fw-la negociari_fw-la miserias_fw-la fratrem_fw-la non_fw-la mor_fw-fr debis_fw-la non_fw-la munera_fw-la super_fw-la innocentem_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o take_v nay_o than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a for_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o law_n or_o otherwise_o admonish_v to_o lend_v money_n unto_o those_o that_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o conscience_n to_o be_v use_v if_o a_o man_n have_v get_v well_o by_o another_o man_n money_n and_o do_v pay_v the_o same_o again_o without_o any_o interest_n or_o profit_n also_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n take_v it_o be_v considerable_a that_o if_o i_o do_v lend_v money_n to_o he_o that_o have_v need_n and_o can_v afterward_o prove_v that_o for_o want_n of_o that_o money_n i_o have_v sustain_v great_a loss_n or_o if_o my_o debtor_n do_v break_v day_n with_o i_o when_o i_o look_v to_o have_v it_o at_o the_o time_n appoint_v and_o
so_o be_o endanger_v to_o my_o neighbour_n for_o my_o necessary_a payment_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o my_o debtor_n bear_v my_o loss_n rather_o than_o i_o shall_v sustain_v harm_n or_o danger_n for_o my_o good_a will_n and_o this_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o gain_n to_o be_v take_v improper_a usury_n ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la improper_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la and_o it_o be_v so_o be_v improper_o call_v interest_n in_o defence_n of_o usury_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o shopkeeper_n lend_v money_n free_o to_o his_o neighbour_n till_o such_o a_o day_n have_v then_o occasion_n to_o use_v it_o at_o some_o fair_a to_o lay_v it_o out_o in_o ware_n if_o he_o break_v touch_v the_o shopkeeper_n may_v in_o justice_n take_v the_o benefit_n for_o his_o money_n lose_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v by_o the_o ware_n which_o he_o be_v hinder_v to_o buy_v cessante_fw-la exit_fw-la lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la and_o this_o be_v take_v for_o lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la but_o in_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v a_o intention_n to_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v better_a for_o they_o to_o deliver_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o that_o therein_o they_o be_v less_o to_o be_v evil_o think_v on_o than_o by_o deal_v upon_o usury_n but_o this_o difference_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o name_n for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o intention_n of_o gain_n upon_o money_n and_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o money_n whereas_o the_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o receive_v but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o exchange_n difference_n of_o gain_n by_o usury_n and_o exchange_n and_o the_o other_o do_v expect_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o only_o in_o regard_n he_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n to_o lose_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v very_o seldom_o but_o still_o the_o intention_n remain_v which_o shall_v be_v the_o sure_a guide_n of_o conscience_n to_o take_v away_o all_o counterfeit_a pretence_n the_o venetian_n and_o other_o allow_v no_o interest_n at_o all_o but_o approve_v the_o benefit_n and_o course_n of_o exchange_n although_o it_o be_v above_o interest_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a rule_n usury_n be_v weigh_v straight_o in_o regard_n of_o charity_n albeit_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o that_o the_o borrower_n have_v sin_v therefore_o in_o such_o case_n circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o then_o judgement_n to_o be_v give_v according_o if_o i_o deal_v with_o a_o merchant_n that_o make_v gain_v of_o my_o money_n with_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o be_v well_o able_a to_o pay_v i_o again_o be_v chief_o enrich_v by_o my_o mean_n why_o shall_v not_o i_o in_o reason_n have_v part_n of_o his_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n when_o by_o my_o good_n he_o be_v grow_v rich_a suppose_v four_o man_n be_v become_v partner_n two_o do_v disburse_v large_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o the_o other_o employ_v their_o labour_n and_o industry_n to_o make_v by_o lawful_a trade_n a_o great_a benefit_n thereby_o be_v it_o not_o reason_n that_o the_o other_o two_o although_o they_o be_v idle_a at_o home_n shall_v have_v part_n of_o the_o benefit_n you_o will_v say_v you_o hold_v this_o reasonable_a for_o it_o be_v not_o usury_n at_o all_o but_o these_o two_o man_n take_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o their_o money_n nay_o than_o you_o reply_v and_o say_v it_o be_v usury_n although_o the_o other_o two_o have_v get_v thirty_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o it_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o bite_a usury_n answer_n objection_n answer_n but_o they_o have_v not_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o condition_v a_o certainty_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o many_o other_o casualty_n beside_o and_o in_o trust_v they_o that_o have_v no_o mean_n of_o their_o own_o well_o therefore_o say_v you_o i_o will_v not_o deliver_v my_o money_n but_o to_o rich_a man_n herein_o you_o show_v no_o charity_n and_o may_v be_v deceive_v too_o for_o you_o know_v not_o what_o money_n a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o purse_n so_o that_o your_o conscience_n be_v still_o the_o sure_a guide_n to_o direct_v you_o with_o prudence_n as_o the_o loadstone_n do_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o pole_n so_o much_o for_o particular_a person_n now_o come_v to_o examine_v what_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v concern_v usury_n we_o find_v that_o both_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o after_o usury_n have_v be_v banish_v by_o some_o king_n and_o by_o some_o other_o king_n it_o have_v be_v tolerate_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n king_n edgar_z before_o the_o conquest_n do_v utter_o forbid_v all_o usury_n realm_n banker_n send_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n so_o do_v king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o do_v send_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o the_o italian_a banker_n that_o come_v from_o pope_n gregory_n the_o ten_o call_v cursini_fw-la as_o all_o manner_n of_o jew_n who_o do_v mighty_o oppress_v the_o realm_n to_o omit_v what_o other_o king_n have_v do_v we_o know_v that_o henry_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o 37_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v a_o statute_n whereby_o none_o be_v suffer_v to_o take_v above_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o loan_n either_o for_o ware_n or_o money_n and_o this_o be_v repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o anno_fw-la 5_o edw._n 6_o which_o afterward_o be_v find_v against_o policy_n be_v abrogate_a so_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v succeed_v which_o do_v tolerate_v the_o say_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v of_o such_o strength_n and_o continuance_n at_o this_o present_a that_o king_n james_n himself_o be_v content_v to_o allow_v the_o say_a rate_n to_o the_o londoner_n for_o some_o money_n borrow_v of_o they_o wherein_o as_o i_o say_v before_o time_n and_o occasion_n do_v alter_v thing_n and_o as_o the_o case_n for_o the_o present_a stand_v with_o england_n and_o foreign_a nation_n we_o have_v usury_n like_o a_o wolf_n by_o the_o ear_n dangerous_a to_o be_v keep_v and_o more_o dangerous_a to_o abandon_v the_o same_o this_o usury_n be_v indeed_o exercise_v to_o the_o poor_a or_o to_o the_o rich_a without_o respect_n of_o damage_n ensue_v become_v intolerable_a but_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n when_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v neglect_v in_o the_o state_n of_o orphan_n in_o mutual_a hazard_n or_o in_o hazard_n public_a allowable_a where_o usury_n be_v allowable_a simple_o to_o disallow_v it_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n or_o reparation_n of_o damage_n and_o to_o go_v about_o to_o remedy_v a_o mischief_n with_o a_o great_a inconvenience_n the_o law_n of_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n do_v therefore_o moderate_a the_o course_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v much_o to_o be_v regard_v where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o as_o follow_v vsuris_fw-la 1._o coâ—_n c._n de_fw-fr vsuris_fw-la we_o have_v think_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n or_o statute_n touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o usury_n bring_v the_o old_a hard_a and_o most_o grecuous_a weight_n of_o the_o same_o to_o a_o certain_a moderate_a stay_n or_o mean_a rate_n therefore_o we_o command_v those_o noble_a man_n that_o be_v earl_n or_o their_o better_n that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v any_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a bargain_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n whatsoever_o great_a or_o less_o for_o usury_n or_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v above_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o those_o that_o be_v guardian_n or_o governor_n over_o handiecraft_n man_n or_o place_n where_o artificer_n do_v work_v or_o else_o do_v use_v any_o lawful_a trade_n of_o merchandise_n we_o will_v that_o they_o shall_v moderate_v their_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a promise_n take_v in_o any_o bargain_n to_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o do_v adventure_v their_o good_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o put_v out_o their_o substance_n upon_o their_o own_o hazard_n such_o may_v lawful_o demand_v by_o firm_a promise_n to_o receive_v twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o take_v above_o that_o rate_n although_o by_o the_o old_a roman_a statute_n it_o have_v be_v lawful_a to_o exceed_v and_o we_o will_v that_o all_o other_o man_n shall_v take_v only_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o excess_n in_o no_o wise_a to_o be_v enlarge_v in_o other_o contract_n where_o usury_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v demand_v without_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n make_v neither_o shall_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o increase_v the_o foresay_a taxation_n or_o rate_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n use_v in_o any_o country_n etc._n etc._n this_o imperial_a civil_a law_n have_v