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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05601	A true and experimentall discourse, upon the beginning, proceeding, and victorious event of this last siege of Breda With the antiquity and annexing of it, to the house of Nassaw, and the many alterations it hath suffered by armes, and armies, within these threescore yeares. Together with the prudent plots, projects, and policies of warre: the assailants and defendants matchlesse man-hood, in managing martiall affaires: the misery and manner of souldiers living, their pinching want, and fatall accidents: strange weapons and instruments used by both parties in severall conflicts. Lastly, their concluded articles, with circumstances and ordering of the siege and victory. Being pleasant to peruse, and profitable to observe. Written by him who was an eye witnesse of the siege. William Lithgow.	Lithgow, William, 1582-1645?	1637 (1637)	STC 15717; ESTC S108593	30,849	61

severall and distant divisions of Muskets Firelocks and Pikes and the fourth division came last of all with the Governour and hee also in a Coach carrying with them fifty one Colours the halfe of which wanted Companies being cut off at the siege so that one Auncient sometimes carried three Colours Betweene the first three and last division came all the Waggons along one drayning after another with their Household stuffe ô miserable furniture Women Children and wounded people with sixe halfe Cannon and two pot peices Next unto the Bussport at their forth comming and without two draw Bridges and an empty Court du guard stood the Prince his owne Guard 300. Foot and a troupe of Horses all armed with Corslets and head-peices as cleare as silver or shining like to Eurileus Murreon in the Cinthian night by along whose faces they marched through Count Casmirs Brigade for they were in armes because they passed through their quarter and in one part their Trenches were cast downe for their departure But what shall I say of the great concurrence and innumerable numbers of people which flocked hither of all sorts under the States Merchants Burgers and Bowres maides and wives that came to see this Hispanicall farewell nay certainely there were above three hundred thousands yong and old for such a sight at once and on the faire Fields was never seene assembled together as I may say since Tamberlanes dayes that in my conceite it was a rarer thing to behold the infinite multitude heere convocated than either to stand gazing upon the vanquished Viadants or to admire the alacrious faces of the triumphing Victors Then before the last division of the Spaniards and behind the Waggons marched forth some Romish Religious Orders namely 16. Dominican Friars and eight Augustines all in blacke and white habits Next to them came some stragling Cordeleirs amounting to ten whom the Italians denominate Chiogolanti because they weare wooden shooes Then after them issued out five or sixe staggering Seminary Priests who partly for sorrow to leave the Towne and friends and partly to expell their visible causes of griefe and invisible melancholy they were so overwhelmed in the plunging profundity of Bachaniall streames that one tumbled downe here and another fell there whereby they became a laughter to all the Army and a miserable mockery to scornefull Spectators Now amongst the VVaggons there were heere and there certaine stragling Firelocks marching along and behind their heeles that predominant and imperious sect of the Tiatinean Jesuits being fourteene in number and as well mounted on Carroshes of foure wheeles as if they had beene African Apes riding on Elephants of foure leggs The last division of the foure was the strongest of all and best accommaded where behind them and before the Governour marched seven couple of Capushin Friars the first of which paires carryed a high wooden Crosse with a Ladder a Reed a hanging Spunge and a Launce fastened to it with other dependancies The aged Governour being postremest was mounted in a Coach and overloaden with all the signes of a dejected countenance marched away after the rest and I after him to the utmost Trench or Line Where the Prince of Orange stayed for his comming accompanied with these three Princely brothers his grand Nephews Prince Charles Prince Robert and Prince Maurice of the Palatine with all the other Dukes Counts there present and Generalls of the Army The Governour approaching his Highnesse dismissed the Coach and mounting on Horsebacke saluted his Conquerour with an exceeding low courtesie and wringing complements The benigne Prince did fully the like to him where after halfe an houres conference and blandements blowne on others mouthes the weeping Governour tooke a finall farewell of his victorious Adversary The number of these foure Divisions which marched away in Armes were thought to be besides foure hundred stragling Firelocks● about fifteene hundred Souldiers all lusty men and in good Equipage whose Martiall countenances seemed rather to have overcome these who overcame them than to have beene vanquished by their valour and inexpugnable fortunes whose brave service and desperate defence for approved worth and deserved fame may justly claime the Constantinopolitan Hippodrome to engrave thereon their couragious Atchievments which in ten weekes and five dayes time they worthily performed And truely I may say although I have small reason for it when I remember these miseries I sustayned in Malaga that never Souldiers did more nor could doe better Well and thrice well and howsoever they fought well they are now well gone and straight at the last of their backes when they left the Towne entred in the Princes Guard and twelve other Companies to keepe the Burgers unwronged from insidiary Souldiers till a constant Garrison was setled At their entering the Gate and I with them his Highnesse Trumpetters from above in a Bulwarke founded three times the most joyfull Victoria and the sweetest melodious Tryumph that ever I heard in all my life wheresoever I have beene Now for contentment I stayed five nights in Breda as glad to have obtained the freedome which I had so dearely bought before in lying seven weekes and foure nights in wet straw Howtes on cold straw-beds and continually in my cloaths which was a Noctuall Limbus to try my patience as the Leaguer was a diurnall Purgatory for the purging of money out of my purse But now not to bee oblivious I recall that at the beginning and about the middle time of the siege there remained heere in the Princes quarter for certaine dayes these two noble Lords the Earle of Warwicke and the Earle of Northampton and with him was the Queenes Majesties Dwarfe strenuous Ieffrey that Cyclopian creature whose Gygantisme body made the Bulwarkes of Breda to tremble But rather I would say this Sonne of Conopas made the whole Army to admire his monstrous smalnesse who for this Bellonean practice our Champion saw hee may justly as Generall lead an Army of Pigmaes to the Catopian Fields where Molon Commander of the contrary Campe will runne at tilt against him with the Launce of a Rush as long as a straw and so leaving this memorable Monument of a living Statue I returne to my purpose Truely it was a pleasant thing to behold the chearefull countenance of common Souldiers when they marched to the Court du Guard in the Market place and to other remoter staunces about the walles for they looked all as Lords of this vanquished Lady And now the next morning after my first entery in the Towne being Sunday there were two Sermons made in the great Church by Dutch Predicants to Gods glory where the day preceding there had beene fifteene Masses celebrate to the Veneration of imaginary Saints For Wine and victuals we found plenty in the Towne and no scarcity of any thing save of favourable faces and for excellent good Beere of all Belgia Breda is the Daughter of Bacchus As for most of the Burgers

fixe their Posts Within it is the height of a man and so wide that foure may march side to side into it In the further end next the Towne-wall as they wrought forward the adventerous labourers had a blind before them composed of boughes and earth and that safeguard is sometimes Cannon proofe And notwithstanding there were every other day and night some killed some wanting leggs and armes and some wounded yea and the Cannon would breake downe at divers times sundry of their posts which were aye speedily renewed againe But what offended the Workemen here most as also in the other Galleries were these Morters or Pot-pieces three quarters of a Yard long but exceeding large and wide which will shoote Granadaes of a hundred pound weight and more for it is empty within which being filled with cut iron poulder Pitch and Sulphure and so put in the Morter the Cannonier taketh his height and ayme for it is shot off with the mouth halfe upward by Art Compasse and Geometry that hee will lay the Granada farre and neare as hee pleaseth for where it falls it breakes in pieces spoyling houses men timber-workes and whatsover it rancounters withall And here by the way I cannot forget a sorrowfull sport one Night foure fellows working on the French Gallerie and two of them killed with the Musket there fell a Granada in midst of the Gallery to the which the other two ran to catch it taking it for a Cannon-bullet but as they begun to gripe it it burst in pieces and blew them both in the Ayre rent and torne asunder to nothing Neither are these Pot-pieces frequently shot off but now and then and at certaine serious times and that because of the great expences they make for every charge of any of them will cost above fourscore and ten Gilders so large are their bellies and divelish wide their mouths And now I remember when the Scots Gallery was halfe over the Moate and Lievtenant Colonell Couts standing there giving directions to Souldiers there was a Burgondion from a wooden Wind-mill on the Towne-wall shot him through the thigh and burst the bone in pieces by the which this aged and brave Commander was left there for death yet at my departure there was great hope of his recovery Whereupon the next day Colonell Balfoure caused foure halfe Cannons to bee stalled against the Winde-mill where downe it came with a rattle and bruised the bones of some Burgondions till their guts groaned againe So likewise about this time one Captaine Wachub sickned in the quarter and dyed the third day thereafter which was thought to have beene the Plague for the Pestilence was in all the quarters and almost in every Regiment yet with no force nor infectious mortality by reason of the Souldiers going abroad day and night to the Trenches where lying in their clothes and on the cold ground infringed the contagion Now as concerning their profession being in a Leaguer every Regiment hath a Preacher and on the Sabbath day under the Colonells Tent a Sermon where few Auditors frequent unlesse it bee a poore handfull of some well disposed persons And every day in the Afternoone according to their turnes when these Companies came up under their colours that were to goe for the Trenches and Galleries then the Predicators of each Regiment made an earnest prayer exhorting their Souldiers to goe on couragiously and assuredly confident of the pardon of their sinnes in Christs blood and that they should carry themselves manfully in fighting Gods Battel for the Gospells liberty which indeede some of them too insolently and desperately performed for Religion now in most parts of the whole Universe is turned to policy wherewith this Belgican State is onely and absolutely invested And I had almost forgot a divellish weapon which both parties made use of at their breasting of Trenches which Souldiers cognominate an iron Flaile and is composed of two pieces the shortest whereof having a round head not much unlike to a Turkish Balucco is set full of deepe steeled pikes and they so sharpe and deadly that there is no resistance nor fence for their blowes each Souldier threshing death on others fatall bodies Nay I was astonished to behold such hellish Instruments and my heart wished that the Inventers of them had the same reward that Phalaris gave to Perillus who tortured him in the brazen Bull which hee invented for the destruction of others And alas what a poore thing is it to see so many Gentlemen and gallant youths of all kinds to hazard their lives for so small a recompence as five pence halfe penny a day five Stivers having their foode and apparrell to take out of it besides their hard lying and turmoyling services which common calamities and profound extreame miseries I would to God most of our younglings at home knew then would they be carefull to prevent these languishing adversities before they finde the succourlesse smart thereof for by your leave if a Souldiers industry be not quickened and animated with bountifull rewards hee hath lesse will to performe any part of Martiall service than a dead coarse hath power to arise out of the grave for what can be more precious to man than his blood being the fountaine Nurse of his vitall spirits and the ground of his bodily substance which no free nor ingenious nature will loose for nothing And whosoever shall argument or discourse upon found reason and infallible experience may easily prove and perceive that those Commanders have ever best prospered which have most liberally maintained and had in singular regard Military Arts and Souldiers Otherwise the honourable mind would account it a great deale better to have Death without Life than Life without Reward yea and the noble Commander desiring rather to want than to suffer true Worth unrecompensed I could instance here many Examples of Ingratitude in great persons that by their wretchednesse to Souldiers have first lost themselves and then their Kingdoms and Principalities but I desist onely lamenting what I saw here that even the chiefest Commanders Fatality is so ordinary to Military proceedings so they obtaine their ambitious ends regarded no more the losing of mens lives than the death of dogges But now I come to the third Quarter setled on the Townes North side the Freizes under command of Counte Casmir their Generall Truely they had the most difficult passage to make their Approaches than any of the other two besides for they had a long and fastidious way of marish water to march along a Dike blinded with bushes to their workes before the Castle Yet they were still advancing their encroachments to affront the Enemies Hornewarke which they thrice invaded and were still repulsed with a great losse of many of their best Officers and Souldiers And howsoever they came short of the policies and expedition of the other two Quarters yet in the end being ashamed of their postponed purposes they