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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14021	The noble arte of venerie or hunting VVherein is handled and set out the vertues, nature, and properties of fiutene sundrie chaces togither, with the order and maner how to hunte and kill euery one of them. Translated and collected for the pleasure of all noblemen and gentlemen, out of the best approued authors, which haue written any thing concerning the same: and reduced into such order and proper termes as are vsed here, in this noble realme of England. The contentes vvhereof shall more playnely appeare in the page next followyng.	Gascoigne, George, 1542?-1577.; Turberville, George, 1540?-1610?, attributed name.; Fouilloux, Jacques du, 1521?-1580. Vénerie.	1575 (1575)	STC 24328; ESTC S121817	161,973	257

chaunce to ouershoote draw wrong or counter then muste the huntesman drawe him backe and say Backe backe softe softe vntill he haue set him right againe And if he perceyue that the hounde do amend his fault hunte right againe let him kne●…le down vpō one knee to marke the Slot or the portes well aduisedly and if he perceiue that his hounde draw right let him clappe him on the side cherish him saying That 's my boy that 's he that 's he To him knaue and let him blemish there aswell for thē that come after him as also to shew them that come with the kennell that the Harte passed there and if the kennell be to farre frō him he should crie Come neare come neare with the houndes or els let him blowe two motes leauing blemishes both alofte by lowe all the way as he goeth that if his hounde ouershoote or drawe amisse he may yet come back to his last blemish Then if he perceyue that his hounde do renew his drawing that he drawe stiffe so that it seemeth he be neare the Harte he must hold him then shorter shorter least if the Harte should rowze for feare a farre of his hounde hunting vpon the winde might ●…arie him amisse so that he should not finde the layre Whereby by the foyles about it he might haue certaine iudgement and if he rowze or vnharbor the Deare finde the layre let him not blow ouer hastely for the houndes but only crie Looke ware looke ware ware ware and let him drawe on with his hoūde vntil y Deare be descried rightly marked before he hallow And if he finde any fewmets as he draweth let him marke well whether they be lyke to those which he found before or not I meane those which he brought to the assembly yet sometimes he might so be deceyued but that is not often but only when the deare hath chaūged his fee●…e True it is that the fewmishing which a Deare maketh ouer night be not like those which he maketh in the morning when he draweth into the thicket to go to his layre for those which he maketh at his f●…ede in the night or euening be flatter softer better disgested than those which he maketh in a morning the reason is bicause he hath slept rested al day which maketh perfect digestion cōtrarily those which he ma●…eth in the rūning are neither so well disgested nor so soft For as much as al the night a Deare goeth trauelleth to seeke his feede hath neither had rest nor leysure to disgest his feede so well And yet they will be like of forme and proportion vnlesse the chaunge of feeding be the cause of it Or if the huntesman finde the layre of the Deare he shall lay his cheeke or his backe of his hande vpon it to feele if it be warme or not Or he may know by his hound for he will streyne and lappyse or whymper or sometime call on plainely All these tokens giue a huntesman to vnderstande that the Hart is rowzed and on foote Some Harts be so subtile and craftie that when they rowze and go from their layre they coast round about to seke some other Deare wherby the hounds which follo we them might finde change to hunt Or else perchance they haue some yong Brocket with them in company alwayes whereby the hunte man may be beguyled And therefore he shall not blowe to cast off more houndes when he rowzeth him but only crye ware ware ware come neare with the houndes And let him drawe after him still that way that he went fyftie or threescore paces And whē he shal perceiue that the Hart prepareth to flee if he seeme to be sure thereof let him blowe for the houndes and crye to them that 's he that 's he to him to him And let him drawe still vpon the Slot or viewe blowing and hallowing vntill the houndes be come in and beginne to take it right and therewithall he must goe amongst them with his hounde in the lyam to encourage them and to make them take it the more hotely Afterwardes when he seeth that they are in full crye and take it right he may go out of the thicke and giue his hounde to his boy or seruant and get vp on horsebacke keeping still vnder the winde and coasting to crosse the houndes which are in chace to helpe them at default if neede require But if it shoulde happen that the Harte turning counter vppon the houndes in the thicket had come amongest chaunge then let all the huntesmen menace and rate their houndes and couple them vp againe vntill they haue gone backe eyther to the layre or to last blemish made vpon any Slotte or viewe and so hunt on againe vntill they may finde the Harte For some beaten Deare will fall flat vpon his belly and neuer moue vntill the houndes be euen vpon him Certaine obseruations and suttleties to be vsed by Huntesmen in hunting an Harte at force Chap. 40. NOw that I haue treated of suche iudgements markes as the huntesmen may take of an Harte and how they should behaue themselues in harboring of a Deare I thinke meete likewise to instruct according to my simple skill the huntesmen on horsebacke how to chase and hunte an Harte at force and that aswel by aucthoritie of good auncient hunters as also by experience of mine owne hunting And bycause at these dayes there are many men which beare hornes and bewgles and yet cannot tell how to vse them neyther how to encourage and helpe theyr houndes therwith but rather do hinder than furder them hauing neyther skill nor delight to vse true measure in blowyng and therewithal seyng that Princes and Noble men take no delight in hūtyng hauing their eyes muftled with the Scarfe of worldly wealth and thinking thereby to make theyr names immortall which in deede doth often leade them to destruction bothe of bodie and soule and oftener is cause of the shortening of theyr lyfe which is their principall treasure here on earth since a man shall hardly see any of them reygne or liue so long as they did in those dayes that euery Forest rong with hou●…es and hornes and when plentie of flagon bottels were caried in euery quarter to refreshe them temperately Therefore I shoulde thinke it labour lost to set downe these things in any perfect order were it not that I haue good hope to see the nobilitie youth of England exercise themselues aswell in that as also in sundrie other noble pastimes of recreation accordyng to the steppes of theyr Honorable Iuncestors and Progenitours And therefore I aduenture this trauayle to set downe in articles and particularities the secretes and preceptes of Uenerie as you see First then the prickers and Huntesmen on horsebacke muste vnderstand that there is diuersitie betweene the termes and wordes whiche they shall vse to Buckhoundes and the termes and wordes which they shall vse in

will sticke willingly vpon the tracke of a Wolfe and will challenge it then he may caste aboute the couert and come not within any parte thereof and so shall he be best assured whether they be there stayed or not for his hounde will vent it out styll as he goeth And therewithall let him marke and iudge whether they do all keepe companie still togither or not for many times some one will be gone and all the rest will abide or els some one wil abide and all the rest will be gone but those whiche be full do most willingly tarie alwayes and when they fedde not theyr fill the day before then they tarie longer than suche as fedde their fill ouer night or yong Wolues or suche other for an olde Wolfe is so doubtfull and so full of mistrust that he will seldoine abide w●…re he feedeth And therefore it were no badde pollicie to leaue but little meate at the place wherevnto you trāyne and to leaue harde by the place some weake beast tyed so that it can neyther stray away nor make defence And when the Wolues come and finde but little carion at the place then to satis●…e their hunger they will fall vppon that beaste and deuoure it Whiche if they do not the firste night they will surely do it the nexte night if you obserue that order and by that meanes they will feede theyr fill and the rather abyde and tarie by it or neare vnto it for they are gluttons and desirous to keepe the tenmant of their praye when they haue killed a beast and leaue any of it And when the Hun●…an shall by these meanes haue bene assured of theyr feedyng twoo nightes togither then may he make preparacion to hunte them on the thirde day or if they fayle to come vnto the trayne the firste or seconde daye then lette him sende out Uarlettes to trayne from aboute all the couerts adioyning vnto the same place and so doyng he cannot misse but drawe Wolues thither once within twoo or three nightes vnlesse it be in Februarie In that moneth they make small accoumpt of any trayne by reason of their heate in followyng the Saulte bitches And sometimes also a Wolfe will followe the trayne euen vntill they come at the carion and yet when they come there will go their wayes and not feede vppon it In suche a case the Huntesman shall change his trayne and carion as if it were of Horse●…eshe or beefe lette him make it of Sheepes or Goates fleshe or the fleshe of an Asse whiche Wolues do loue exceedingly or of Hogges flesh for otherwyse he shoulde not be able to knowe whether there be any Wolues neare vnto the place where he trayned or not and if he doubte thereof then shall he fayne a voyce and call or barke and howle lyke a Wolfe and if there be any Wolues in the whole couert within the hearyng they will answere him Agayne if they come to the carion and feede not in two or three nightes one after another or that they feede and go their wayes and tarie not in any couert neare adioyning then lette him ouernight hang vp the carion in some trees so highe that they cannot come by it and yet leaue some bones vpon the ground to the ende they may gnawe vpon them And lette him tarie in the woode vntill it be as it were an houre before day and lette him leaue by the caryon the garments of some Shepherde or Heardesman that the Wolues may haue no mistrust of hym where he standeth then when it is not passyng halfe an houre or little more before daye lette hym put downe the caryon and go his wayes and then the Wolues commyng too it and hauing not fedde all the night before will feede hungerly and through their gluttonie will forgette themselues and abyde vntill it be farre foorth dayes and so go to kennell in the couerts adioyning for they will be so hungry to feede and they shall haue so small tyme to satisfie their hunger that they will be constrayned to abyde But bicause commonly Lordes and Noblemen do not ryse so earely as to see these pastymes and pollicies therefore I thinke meete that when he hath beaten downe the fleshe as beforesayde he cause some good fellowes to go and to make fires betweene them and the laste couerts that the Wolues fledde vnto and lette the fires be not passyng a bowshotte or not so much one from another and at euery fire lette some one or two of the cōpany stand talking and laughing one with another when the Wolues shall heare that they shall be constreyned by reason that the day light is now come vpon thē to abyde there in the couert harde by the carion In meane whyle the Lord or Gentleman shall be come and may hunte them at hys pleasure and that shall he order thus Firste lette him regard which way wil be the fayrest course for Greyhoūds and place them accordingly and as neare as he can lette him forestail with his Greyhoundes the same way that the Wolues did flie the nightes before if the grounde serue to course in vnlesse the winde be contrarie for then it were but follie to set them that waye otherwayes the Wolfe will rather come that way than any other way If the winde serue not that waye then lette him set his Greyhoundes in the fayrest place to course in vppon a good wynde and lette hym set his Greyhoundes in rankes as neare one to another as the number of his Greyhoundes will permitte alwayes regardyng the wynde and causing them whiche holde the Greyhoundes to stande close That beyng so appoynted lette him set hewers all rounde aboute the Couert where the Wolues doo lye to hewe and make noyse on euery side but onely that where the Greyhoundes doo stande If his owne seruauntes and companie be not sufficient he may do well to assemble the neighbours whiche dwell neare by who will be gladde to helpe hym bycause the Wolues doo them suche greate harmes and domages And lette all those people stande as thicke as they can all aboute the couert but onely on that side where the Greyhoundes are set talkyng and walkyng one to another and makyng all the noyse that they can deuise to force them vnto the Greyhoundes Then lette the Huntesman go with his Lyamehounde and drawe from the carion vnto the thickes sides where the Wolues haue gone in and there the Huntes shall caste off the thyrde parte of their beste houndes for a Wolfe will sometimes holde a couert long tyme before he come out The Huntesmen muste holde neare in to theyr houndes blowyng harde and encouragyng them with the voyce for many houndes will streyne curtesie at this chace although they bee lustie and arrant at all other chaces When the Wolfe commeth to the Greyhoundes they whiche holde them shall do well to suffer the Wolfe to passe by the first ranke vntill he be come vnto the seconde ranke or furder and let the last ranke let

off a great blow with their pawes they are so heauie that when they be hunted they cā make no speede but are alwayes within sight of the Dogges they stand not at a Baye like to the Bore but flee styll wallowing as they can vntill helpe of men come in and then if the houndes sticke in and fight with them they fight very valiantly in their own defence Sometimes they stād vpon their hinder feete as vpright as a man but that is a token of dread and cowardlynesse but being vpon all foure they fight bothe the more strongly and the more stoutely for then they declare that they will be reuenged and flee no longer they haue very perfect sent smel furder off thā any other beast vnlesse it be the Bore For in a whole Forrest they will smel out a tree loden with mast when they be ouerweried they flee to some brooke or water ther they be ouerthrowen they may be hunted with Mastyfes Greyhoundes or houndes they are killed chaced with bowe borespeare dartes swords so are they also takē in snares caues pits in other engines If two mē on foote hauing borespearesor Iauelins or short pitchforkes would sticke wel one to an others defēce reuēge they may kil a great beare for y Beare is of this nature that at euery blowe she will be reuenged on whatsoeuer come next to hands So that when the one hath striken the Beare she will runne vpon him then if the other strike quickly she will returne to him againe So that the one may alwaies help and succour the other they do naturally abide in the great Mountaines but when it snoweth or is very hard weather then they descēd to seeke foode in y valleies Forests they cast their lesses fomtimes in round Croteys somtimes flat like a Bullocke according to the feede that they finde they are able to engen●…r when they be but one yeare old then they departe from their dammes they go somtimes a galloppe somtimes an amble but when they wallow then they go at moste ease When they are chased they flee into the couerts and Forestes their season begynneth in Maye and endureth vntyll suche tyme as they go to ingender agayne but at all seasons they bee very fatte both within and without And by that meanes their season lasteth longer than any other beasts When a Beare is hurt sore and escapeth the huntsmen she will open and stretch hir wound yea sometimes she will drawe out hir owne guts and bowels to search them whether they be pierced or not and by that meanes many of them dye when they might well escape When they come from their feeding they beate cōmonly the highways and beaten pathes and where so euer they goe out of the hyghe way there you may be sure they are gone to their denne for they vse no doublings nor subtleties They tumble and wallowe in water and myre like vnto sooyne and they feede like a dogge Their flesh is delicate to some mens tooth but in mine opinion it is rammishe and vnsauerie at leastwise it can not be holsome Their greace is good for the gowt and shrinking of the sinews and the better if it be mingled with other oyntments Their feete are the best morsell of them for they be delicate meate Their skynne is a furre but very course meeter to laye vpon a bed than to weare otherwise I haue termed their fatte greace so is it to be called of all beastes which praye and of all Deare other fallow beasts it is to be called Sewet As also their feede is called feeding and a Deares is called feede as I haue before declared The manner of hunting the Beare Chap. 78. THe best finding of the Beare is with a lyamhounde and yet he which hath no lyamhounde maye trayle after the Beare as they doe after a Rowe or a Bucke but you may drawe after the Beare in the vineyards in the hollow mastie woods and such like places according to the season so you may lodge them and runne and hunte them as you do a Bore For the more speedy execution you shall do well to mingle mastifes amongst your houndes for they will pinch the Beare and make hir angrie vntill at last they bring them to the bay or else they driue them cleane out of the playne into the couert and neuer let them be in quiet vntill they come to fight for desence and by that meanes they are the sooner kylled For though the Beares byte a dogge sore yet they kyll them not so soone as a Bore doth The rewarde may be made after the death of the Beare as it is made at the death of a Wolfe Thus haue I nowe what out of myne Authour and what by myne owne experience and coniecture set downe the natures and hunting of as many chases as I thinke chaseable yea and these two last rehearsed viz. the Wolfe and the Beare together with the Rayndeare also I haue not thought good to leaue out although they be not in vse heere with vs in Englande since they seeme by the description to be noble chases and much esteemed in other countreys Nowe let me set downe the Cures Medicines for dogs when they shall eyther be hurt or fall into any surfeite sicknesse or infyrmities Receipts to heale sundrie diseases and infirmities in houndes and dogges Chap. 79. HOunds and generally all kynd of dogs are subiect to many diseases infirmities But aboue all other diseases they are most cūbred with madnesse wherof there are seuen sundry sorts The first kynd is called y burning hote madnesse or the desperat madnesse And this kinde of madnes can not be healed but is so harmfull contrarie vnto a dogs nature that immediately after y venome therof hath once crept into y bloud of a dog it burnes and infectes him sodainely And as sone as the brayne feeleth it selfe vexed with the fume thereof the dog tormenteth him selfe continually and becommeth desperate as hath often bene seene by experience the dogges which haue this madnesse are known sundry wayes Firste when they runne they rayse their tayles right vp the which other dogges doe not that be sicke of other kyndes of madnesse Agayne they runne vpon any thing that standeth before them as well beastes as other thinges and haue no respect where nor which way they run whether it be through Ryuers pondes or waters Also their mouth will be very black and will haue no fome nor froth in it They endure not in this kynde of madnesse aboue three or foure dayes at the most by reason of the vntollerable payne and trauell thereof When they maye no longer endure they howle a kynde of howling in the throate and hoarcely but not like the howling of a dogge that were sounde All beastes which they shall byte as well dogges as other if they drawe bloude on them will doubtlesse runne madde also The second kinde of madnesse is