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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
reason_n	day_n	rest_n	rest_v	2,265	5	9.6357	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06916	A discource of horsmanshippe Wherein the breeding and ryding of horses for seruice, in a breefe manner is more methodically sette downe then hath been heeretofore. With a more easie and direct course for the ignorant, to attaine to the same arte or knowledge. Also the manner to chuse, trayne, ryde and dyet, both hunting-horses, and running-horses: with all the secretes thereto belonging discouered. An arte neuer heeretofore written by any authour.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1593 (1593)	STC 17346; ESTC S107909	59,189	84

dyet pamper him and get him into lust and strength making him to endure no more labour then you are forced vnto for preseruation of his wind and let your strongest scowring be a swéete mash of Maulte which as it scowreth so it strengthneth and comforteth to him you may spare sweats and night ayrings or any other thing that abateth his strength or flesh If that horse which runneth best lowe and poore be hye and fatte then to him must you vse the contrary meane which meane I will expresse in a larger manner shewing the true arte of dyeting in him because hee craueth all the helpes that may be wishing you to vse the same manner to all running Horses of what nature soeuer onely reseruing to your discretion matters of extremity Hauing therefore made your match and taken such sufficient time as in good discretion shall be requisite enter well into the consideration of the state of your Horses bodie which finding to be strong ful of lust and couragious through his great fatnes yet by that meane so pur●ie kettie and thick winded that he cannot show that wonderful spéed and goodnes which otherwise he would demonstrate thus enter him into his dyet First next his skinne lay a faire lynnen shéete because Horses naturally loue to bee sweetly kept and the more neate they are the more proude and pleasing to themselues next the sheete lay a blankette or two and ouer them a housing cloth of Canuas or sackcloth binde these close before your Horses breast and then gyrd them on with a Sursingle stopping it rounde about with little wispes Thys doone let your stable wherein hee standeth bee made darke close and warme hauing continually great store of lytter lying about him the reason for these fore mencioned things is this First for the lynnen sheete as it is neate and pleasing to the Horse so it carrieth this commodity when nature shall so vehemently striue in the beast as what through his extreame fatnesse vnusuall warme keeping and continuall rest hee shall as many times he wil breake into great sweats insomuch as when you come to him you shall find him all of a water the linnen being next his skinne euen as the force of nature shall leaue his working so will the lynnen dry and be no further anoyance whereas if the wollen shoulde lye next hys skynne it would not onely force him to sweat vnnaturally but also fauster and continue his sweates till it turne to faintnesse and then as the sweates procéeding of naturall causes strengtheneth comforteth and maketh cleane the body so those beeing forced weakeneth dulleth and maketh fainte euery part and member For the many clothes before prescribed they are for two causes first to be a helpe to nature and an occasion now and then to sweate as hee sléepeth or takes his rest if he be extreame foule and most aboundantly full of grosse vmors for otherwise the ●elfe sweates will not chaunce And thys manner of disoluing these vmors is most naturall and wholesome The second cause is a Horse beeing pestered and as it were loaden with many clothes when he shall come to be stript naked and eased of them will finde himselfe so light nimble and deliuer that in his course hée will shew the vttermost abilitie he can possible Againe being kept so warme in his clothes when hee is naked the cold ayre will bee so pearcing that whereas otherwise a course of three or foure myle would thrust him into an extreame fainte sweate by this meane such a course shall but maintaine a naturall heate without sweate or faintnesse For the darknes of the stable I haue rehearsed a reason in the former Chapter therefore in this place I will yéelde no other but this because the Horse shall not distinguish the day from the night but being kept darke take his rest in both My reason for the much lytter I would haue hym continually stand vppon is this First because it will defend him from the colde dampishnes of the earth which is wonderfull vnwholsome Secondly because hee shall not detaine and holde his vrine longer in his bladder then willingly nature would which if he haue lytter vnder him hee will not doo but if he want vndoubtedly hee will because naturally Horses will refuse to pisse vppon the bare plaunchers Lastly because it will occasion him to lye downe and take his rest when otherwise he would not and hee that will expect his Horse should take great toyle abroade must prouide that he may rest at home These foresayd reasons being well considered you shall consequently see that the Maunger wherein your Horse f●●deth be kept sweete and cleane without dust filth or any other excrament of vncleannesse Also haue regard that his Rack be cleane without cobwebbes or other anoyance and that there be not any Mud-wall neere him to byte or gnaw vppon For his ordinarie meate in his Racke it shall be nothing but Wheate straw well thresht gyuen by a sheafe at once morning and euening and th●s much for these generall things nowe for other particuler matters they shall ensue in order First when you come to your Horse in the morning which would be if he be a very fatte Horse an howre or two before day if leane not before sunne-rise if neyther fatte nor leane then after day and before sunne-ryse put your hande vnder hys clothes and féele about hys flancke and rybbes whether hée be wette or dry that is whether he haue sweat that nyght in his clothes or no if you finde he haue and is not fully dry then leaue him and let hym rest vntill such tyme as naturally he dry of hymselfe If hee be dry ere you come or haue not sweat that night then see that his clothes be well gyrt about him and take a Brydle and Snaffle the Snaffle beeing washt eyther in Beere or Ale and hauing bry●led hym leade hym forth in your hand to the height of some Hyll and there walke hym vppe and downe for the space of an howre or more not by any means pulling or compelling him to leade but suffering him to goe how and wich way he list If hee offer to stande still stand you still with him if he offer to goe goe you if he couet to lye downe doo not hinder hym but in all you can further him thereunto and with the brydle if he cannot helpe him to tumble ouer and ouer If he be desi●ous to play 〈◊〉 vp and down and skope with hym in your hand and thus in all things follow his mind that he may vnderstand he commeth abroad not to doo your will but his own if he be stond lead him where some other Horse hath dunged before and let hym smell thereto which will presently make him to d●ng himselfe by which mea●es you may empty his belly at your pleasure After you haue thus wasted an howre or little more leade him home againe and set him vp this we cal ayring of a Horse the reason and profit

the ayre of the colde water which is sharpe and pearcing working many good effects in your Horse Thys manner of ayring is for the fatte Horse The leane Horse would be ayred halfe an howre or an howre before Sunne-sette The Horse who is in good state of body would be ayred after Sunne-sette and before day part The reasons for which are before dylated Nowe after you haue brought your Horse in from ayring and haue chafed his legges well giue him the former quantitie of bread and so let him rest till the next morning obseruing to spende all the next day in euery poynt like this It may be obiected to mee by some of our stricte Keepers as I knowe dyuers of that mynde that thys manner of dyet is too grosse and that it will rather nourishe then any way diminish glutte fatte and pursinesse yet when they shall with good iudgement consider the want of Hay and the extremity of his earelie and late ayring●s and way them in equall ballance with his foode they shall finde it no deale at all too much Hauing therefore spent two dayes in this sort the thyrd morning in stedde of ayring him leade him in his cloathes to the place appoin●●d for his course where when you come to the stake let him ●●ell vnto it and if he will as manie will couet let him rubbe himselfe thereon and so leade him to the place of starte obseruing to leade him with great leysure care forcing him as much as you can both to doung and stale If all the way you leade him he refuse to stale then being come to the place of start vnloose his sursignle and breake all the wispes vpon the ground vnder his belly then by whistling gently with your mouth procure him to stale which vndoubtly he wil doo instātly if he haue not pist immediatly before When he hath pist vnbind his clothes and thrust them back with your hand euen to his buttocks and so gyrdon your saddle then doe your selfe pisse in your Horses mouth which will gyue him occasion to worke and ryde with pleasure and so gette vp into the saddle In which when you are seated let some person ●or that purpose appointed who hauing a spare Horse to carry your Horses clothes after him stryppe the clothes from his buttocks of which when he is disbourdened fayre and gently start hym in his course and make him runne it ouer couragiously and spéedily When you are come to the ende of your course turne your Horse gently about and bring hym to the stake where let him a little pause and smell awhile to giue him vnderstanding that there is the prefixed end of hys labour to which knowledge hee will attaine in short space That doone gallop him gently as may bee to meete the man who bringeth hys clothes which presentlie throw vpon him and gyrde them with the sursingle then leaping vpon hys backe pace him gently home to the stable Where when you haue sette him vp let his legges and body be well rubd but no cloth r●moued then s●op the sursingle round about with great wispes and so being tyed in hys bridle to the Racke and hauing good store of lytter vnder him let him stande thrée howres or two houres and a halfe at the least at the ende of which time come vnto him and vnbridle him making him eate out of your hande two or thrée handfuls of Wheate eares of that kind of Wheat which we call Pollard Wheate because it is without aunds that is not bearded When hee hath eaten them offer him a Mashe luke-warme made of ground Maulte and water béeing both swéete and strong which when he hath drunke off depart from him and let him rest At one or two of the clocke in the after noone come vnto him and if hee be thorowe dry and the sweat hard baked vppon his hayre let him be vnclothed curried rubd and trimd and so clothed vp againe warme as he was before giuing him a good quantitie of bread of eate and for that day no water at all because hys Mashe must serue in stedde of it and a Horse for a course is neuer to drinke but once in twenty-foure howres Thys doone let him rest till within an howre of sunne-sette at which time leade him forth to ayre for two causes the one because considering his course in the morning which was full of toyle and labour it is necessary that in his ayring he take some pleasure least wonted altogether to things vncomfortable his courage decay and he grow dull and vnspritie secondly that you may haue great respect to hys dung and whether he voyde and grease or no which if hee dooth then may you be well assured of his extreame foulnesse and also vnderstand that your last course dyd your Horse great profit Hauing ended your ayring and sette him vppe gyue him both Bread and sweet Wheat-straw letting him rest and as you spent these thrée dayes so spende your first fortnight at the end whereof you shall come to haue almost an absolute knowledge touching the state of your Horses body if you will be circumspect and dilligent as an excellent Keeper ought to be If you perceiue by this fort-nights spending that your Horse is reasonably cleane within sounde strong and des●rous to endure his course yet through some little pursines and straitnesse of winde what his harte in willingnesse would performe want of abilitie hindereth then in his second fortnights kéepe you shall thus helpe it First let him haue Wheate-straw in his Racke as hée had before also obserue the same howres for his ayrings the same time for his féedinges and the same manner of dressing and watring him as in the former fortnight onely you shall alter hys foode in this manner When you giue him bread let it not be the Breade mencioned before but bake hym a batch in this sort Take of fine Oatemeale well dryed two peckes of Beanes one pecke of Wheate a pecke and of Rye a peck let these be ground altogether and well boulted through a boulting cloth kneade thys meale with nothing but newe Barme and the whites of Egges putting therto a pounde and a halfe of swéet Butter y ● hath not béene potted These beeing well wrought and laboured together let it be thorowly baked in great loaues Thys breade is more harty and strong then the other yet it dooth not cloy and feede so sore as the other dooth It is quicke of disgestion openeth a Horses pypes and increaseth wind Also during thys fortnight when you bring your horse from ayring you shall gyue him hys Oates washt in thys manner Take two peckes of the best whyte Oates and let them lye in the sunne for the space of an howre or more which doone lay them betwéene two cleane clothes and with a couple of stickes let them be thorowly batted then fanne away the hulles from the Oates which your batting will driue off and take the whites of a dozen or twentie Egges and

time in your gallop as in your turne and that the time you kéepe in each be all one Note that as in your turne you draw vp you bridle hande to make your horse stop and ease it again to make him goe forward in his turne so in his galloppe you must drawe vp your hand to kéepe his head in his true place and also ease it again to swéeten his mouth and make him to ryde with more pleasure whereas if you holde your hande awaies in one stay you wil not onely dull and make dead his mouth but also make him ride vnpleasantly and when you offer to stop him make proffer to breake away with you Note that in this lesson you carry your body straight vpright your legges in their true place your rodde as it were your sword on the right side of your heade and be carefull that you vse no vncomly motion for any vnséemelinesse in the man is a disgrace to the Horses dooing When your Horse can make this manage you may then if you please make him manage in a larger sort which is very comely in this manner Pace out a Ring of fiue or sixe yardes compasse on your right hande and then pacing downe the furrow as is before saide marke out another on your left hand of the same compasse then put your Horse into a gentle galloppe and beeing come to your right hande Ring there making a slight kind of stop and aduancement force your Horse to beate the Ring about in such sort as I showd you before where I tell you how to make your horse to beate a large turne loftily helping him with the calues of your legs your hande and your rodde then gallopping downe to your left Ring doo the like there This kinde of manage though it be some-what more painefull then the other yet if the Horse be of mettall that dooth it it carrieth such a good grace that to the standers by which shall behold it it will be wonderful pleasing Nowe when this is perfected it resteth that you teache your Horse to passe a swift and strong cariere which you shall doo in this manner Béeing come into some graueld hie way the length of a good cariere which shoulde be measured according to the disposition of the Horse yet sith it shall not be amisse to sette downe some certaintie I thinke sixe score yardes a very fitte cariere as well for the heauie slugge Horse as also for the puissant and fine mettald beast for as the one may runne it without wearines so the other may show in it his puissaunce and swiftnes Beeing come as I said into such a place first pace your Horse twice or thrice about a small Ring and then trotte him forward sixe score yardes at the ende whereof pace another Ring and then setting your Horses heade straight downe the way hée came make him stand still a good space during which time looke that his body stand straight and firme which whē you haue found it dooth then giuing him your bridle hande bending your body a little forward and thrusting out both your legges with a good strength force him suddainly with a good courage to enter into a swift gallop which with the euen stroke of your spurres encrease till hee be at the verie vttermost spéede hee can runne in which continue him till he come to your first Ring where by drawing vppe your hand hard and firme make him stoppe vpon his buttockes and then with the helpe of your legges make him aduance twice or thrice then trotte him about the Ring and stande still a good space cherishing him and no more Note that when you starte your cariere to make your Horse d●o it with greater life and courage you may vse the helpe of your voyce by crying how or hey very loud Note that when you starte your cariere it is not good to spurre your Horse for feare you make him yarke out behinde plunge or vse other disorder which such violent corrections doone suddainly will bring a Horse vnto Note that the cariere would not be past aboue once in a fortnight at y ● most nor so oft neither if your Horse bee not come to his full growth Thus much haue I thought good to write as touching the instructing of Horses to matters of seruice for more thē I haue before sette downe is néedlesse in seruice and if hee doo any thing lesse hee is not fitte to serue vpon Heere I could trouble you with a long discourse of other Rings and other manages as namely the Caragolo the manage resembled to the letter S. or that called Serpeggiare with diuers others yet sith there is no Horse but if hee be perfect in what is before written must of force doo thē at his pleasure because there is no alteration of arte but only change of forme I meane héere therefore to omitte them wishing those that are desirous to vnderstande them to looke into Maister Claudio Corte his workes a man péerelesse in the arte of horsemanshippe who of those matters hath written absolutely Yet by the way note that according as your Horse is of fashion so must the cheeke of your Bytte carry his preportion if your Horse be in shape grosse that is shortnecked thicke chauld and harde mouthed you shall then haue the cheeke of your Bytte made vppon three degrees according to thys figure following The difference and nature of these two cheekes is this the first which standeth vpon thrée degrées bringeth in the musell of the Horse and maketh him perforce rayne well that otherwise would thrust out his nose ilfauouredly the reason whereof is because it carrieth a greater compasse then any other Bytte insomuch that a Horse cannot rest vpon it vnlesse hee drawe in the nether parte of his heade whereas the second that standeth but vpon one degrée keepeth a Horses head vpright and aloft neither dooth it suffer him to thrust out his nose but correcteth him if at any time he couet to put his head downeward A Horse that is short neckt and narrow chaulde reason telleth yo● cannot couch his head in so good a place as hée that hath a long necke and a wide chaule because alwaies in a good rayne he must hide his thropell or weison within his chaule therefore if you shall sette him vpon a byt that dooth not carry great compasse in the chéeke as of three degrees at the least you shall neuer place his head well because the straight cheeke wil keepe vp his necke and thrust out his nose and he should haue his necke forced to yeelde and his nose kept in So on the contrary sort if to a Horse of large long forehand you put a Bytte of much compasse you then bring downe his necke and put out his nose by reason of the compasse of the cheeke which he cannot chuse but folow wheras he should haue his necke kept vp straight and stiffe and onely his head brought downe to answere it Therefore as I said