minute_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n must_v 21600._o mile_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n either_o subtract_v or_o add_v 1440_o minute_n which_o make_v 24._o hour_n the_o length_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n to_o confirm_v the_o demonstration_n by_o popular_a experience_n i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v in_o the_o hollander_n discovery_n of_o fretum_n de_fw-fr mayre_n that_o come_v home_o into_o their_o own_o country_n they_o find_v by_o compare_v their_o account_n with_o their_o countryman_n at_o home_n they_o have_v lose_v one_o day_n have_v go_v westward_o and_o so_o compass_v the_o earth_n round_o hence_o will_v arise_v diverse_a consectary_n not_o unpleasing_a to_o be_v scan_v one_o i_o will_v touch_v not_o much_o dissonant_n from_o our_o purpose_n that_o three_o man_n reside_v in_o the_o same_o place_n at_o one_o time_n shall_v notwithstanding_o all_o vary_v one_o from_o the_o other_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o week_n keep_v yet_o a_o exact_a account_n which_o to_o explain_v the_o better_a we_o will_v suppose_v a_o jew_n a_o sarazen_a and_o a_o christian_a reside_v in_o the_o same_o town_n together_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v according_a to_o our_o former_a ground_n that_o the_o sarazen_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n shall_v observe_v his_o friday_n the_o jew_n his_o saturday_n be_v his_o sabbath_n and_o the_o christian_a the_o lord_n day_n be_v the_o sunday_n yet_o so_o as_o all_o shall_v happen_v on_o the_o same_o day_n all_o of_o they_o exclude_v any_o error_n in_o their_o calculation_n for_o supposition_n sake_n we_o will_v place_v they_o all_o at_o one_o time_n all_o together_o in_o palestine_n on_o a_o saturday_n at_o which_o time_n let_v we_o imagine_v the_o sarazen_a to_o take_v his_o journey_n westward_o the_o christian_a eastward_o so_o as_o both_o of_o they_o in_o their_o coast_n compass_v the_o world_n to_o meet_v again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o jew_n all_o the_o while_o we_o suppose_v resident_a in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o will_v follow_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o the_o sarazen_a go_v about_o the_o earth_n eastward_o will_v loose_v one_o day_n the_o christian_a journey_v westward_o will_v gain_v one_o day_n the_o jew_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n will_v neither_o gain_v nor_o loose_v these_o three_o man_n then_o meet_v together_o again_o after_o a_o year_n two_o or_o three_o at_o the_o same_o place_n must_v needs_o make_v a_o diverse_a account_n for_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o day_n will_v be_v to_o the_o sarazen_a friday_n to_o the_o jew_n saturday_n and_o to_o the_o christian_a sunday_n if_o they_o exact_o calculate_v the_o time_n from_o their_o first_o meeting_n to_o their_o return_n unto_o the_o same_o place_n i_o think_v this_o if_o there_o want_v other_o argument_n be_v a_o reason_n sufficient_a to_o convince_v some_o straitlaced_n man_n who_o rigid_o contend_v our_o lord_n day_n which_o they_o erroneous_o term_v the_o sabbath_n to_o be_v mere_o moral_a as_o ground_v on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n if_o it_o be_v so_o according_a to_o our_o premise_n before_o demonstrate_v this_o absurdity_n will_v ensue_v necessary_o that_o the_o moral_a law_n which_o they_o call_v also_o in_o a_o sort_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v subject_a to_o manifold_a mutation_n which_o by_o our_o best_a divine_n be_v utter_o deny_v the_o consequence_n will_v easy_o follow_v because_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v by_o any_o christian_a but_o that_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n issue_v from_o noah_n ark_n the_o seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o spread_v themselves_o from_o thence_o over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n some_o far_a some_o at_o a_o short_a distance_n whereby_o change_v the_o longitude_n with_o their_o habitation_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n alter_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n whereon_o they_o seek_v to_o ground_v their_o sabbath_n neither_o at_o this_o day_n can_v any_o man_n exact_o and_o precise_o observe_v any_o one_o day_n either_o as_o it_o be_v first_o appoint_v by_o moses_n in_o the_o leviticall_a law_n as_o it_o be_v institute_v by_o christ_n apostle_n afterward_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o manifold_a transportation_n of_o colony_n and_o transmigration_n of_o nation_n from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o whereby_o the_o time_n must_v necessary_o be_v suppose_v to_o vary_v and_o if_o any_o more_o moderate_a shall_v urge_v that_o not_o the_o exact_a seven_o day_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n bind_v we_o to_o observation_n so_o one_o day_n in_o seven_o be_v observe_v it_o can_v hardly_o pass_v without_o exception_n for_o as_o much_o as_o if_o any_o man_n as_o magellane_n drake_n or_o candish_n shall_v travail_v the_o world_n about_o a_o day_n must_v needs_o be_v vary_v as_o we_o have_v show_v here_o i_o will_v willing_o demand_v whether_o such_o traveller_n return_v home_o into_o their_o own_o country_n shall_v celebrate_v the_o same_o lord_n day_n according_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o their_o own_o church_n or_o else_o as_o they_o find_v according_a to_o their_o own_o account_n if_o they_o observe_v the_o latter_a they_o must_v schismatical_o divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o church_n and_o keep_v a_o sabbath_n of_o their_o own_o which_o in_o every_o man_n judgement_n will_v be_v think_v absurd_a as_o the_o mother_n of_o many_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o former_a take_v place_n then_o must_v the_o dâ—y_n be_v changeable_a in_o his_o nature_n and_o so_o one_o day_n of_o seven_o of_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v observe_v i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o cherish_v any_o neglect_n of_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v that_o day_n but_o rather_o to_o prove_v it_o not_o mere_o to_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o some_o will_v persuade_v but_o rather_o a_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n derive_v as_o it_o seem_v most_o probable_a from_o the_o apostle_n though_o not_o in_o practice_n in_o christ_n time_n wherein_o the_o jewish_a sabbath_n be_v not_o yet_o abolish_v but_o i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o this_o &_o may_v perhaps_o incur_v sharp_a censure_n for_o wade_v too_o far_o into_o the_o depth_n of_o divinity_n but_o my_o apology_n shall_v be_v this_o that_o albeit_o i_o have_v go_v beyond_o my_o present_a subject_n i_o â—â—ue_v not_o yet_o transcend_v the_o limit_n of_o my_o profession_n i_o serve_v no_o faction_n and_o therefore_o dare_v adventure_v my_o language_n as_o free_a as_o my_o opinion_n 5_o concern_v the_o longitude_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v know_v 1._o the_o invention_n 2._o the_o expression_n the_o invention_n propose_v we_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n there_o be_v few_o thing_n in_o nature_n which_o have_v more_o perplex_v the_o wit_n of_o ingenious_a mathematician_n than_o the_o exact_a way_n of_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n not_o that_o the_o matter_n be_v over_o difficult_a in_o itself_o but_o that_o they_o seek_v out_o a_o way_n to_o perform_v this_o conclusion_n not_o depend_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n and_o motion_n a_o matter_n as_o yet_o never_o find_v out_o and_o i_o fear_v i_o unpossible_a because_o they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n to_o find_v it_o out_o either_o by_o some_o magnetical_a instrument_n or_o else_o by_o industry_n of_o navigation_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v much_o profit_n not_o the_o former_a because_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o fix_a point_n find_v in_o the_o equatour_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n as_o betwixt_o north_n and_o south_n have_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v proceed_v out_o of_o the_o mere_a nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n whereon_o we_o may_v ground_v any_o difference_n of_o longitude_n neither_o be_v the_o second_o very_o beneficial_a for_o that_o all_o voyage_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v very_o irregular_a and_o uncertain_a either_o by_o reason_n of_o sundry_a impediment_n as_o rock_n mountain_n wood_n contrary_a wind_n and_o other_o danger_n turn_v aside_o the_o direct_a course_n of_o passenger_n from_o any_o direct_a way_n or_o observation_n or_o else_o by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o mariner_n which_o seldom_o pass_v so_o far_o on_o discovery_n and_o if_o they_o do_v know_v not_o perfect_o to_o delineate_v out_o their_o journey_n as_o a_o cosmographer_n will_v expect_v to_o any_o tolerable_a satisfaction_n nevertheless_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n we_o have_v many_o way_n leave_v we_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o conclusion_n as_o shall_v be_v teach_v in_o these_o follow_a proposition_n 1_o by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o longitude_n may_v be_v find_v this_o conclusion_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n to_o be_v perform_v first_o it_o behoove_v you_o to_o know_v as_o you_o may_v by_o a_o ephemerides_n at_o what_o hour_n
the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v more_o uphold_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n or_o speak_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n 1_o because_o such_o a_o figure_n will_v best_o beseem_v the_o earth_n the_o seat_n and_o dwelling-place_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v most_o capable_a because_o otherwise_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n will_v seem_v to_o do_v something_o in_o vain_a and_o without_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o capacity_n may_v be_v confine_v within_o strict_a bound_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o all_o mathematician_n that_o among_o all_o those_o figure_n which_o they_o call_v isoperâ—â—etrall_a a_o circle_n be_v the_o most_o capable_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o which_o approach_v near_a unto_o a_o circle_n and_o as_o we_o esteem_v of_o a_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a surface_n so_o must_v we_o judge_v in_o solide_n of_o a_o sphere_n which_o profitable_a geometry_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v find_v instill_v into_o most_o live_a creature_n who_o by_o a_o certain_a natural_a instinct_n without_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n make_v their_o nest_n and_o resting-place_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o most_o convenient_a and_o of_o great_a capacity_n as_o experience_n show_v we_o in_o the_o nest_n of_o bird_n and_o bee-hive_n wherein_o the_o cell_n be_v fashion_v round_o &_o spherical_a 2_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o holy_a scripture_n consonant_a to_o this_o opinion_n in_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v impiety_n to_o use_v those_o sacred_a help_n in_o a_o matter_n out_o of_o controversy_n and_o need_v no_o such_o demonstration_n 2_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v by_o ignorant_a people_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o round_o because_o of_o the_o rugged_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o for_o somewhere_o it_o swell_v with_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n rock_n and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o â—_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a 〈◊〉_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v to_o exceed_v 10_o mile_n although_o few_o mathematician_n will_v grant_v so_o much_o whereas_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v no_o less_o thâ—n_n 7200_o english_a mile_n so_o that_o these_o hill_n compare_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o â—s_v 10_o to_o 7200_o which_o indeed_o have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o interpose_a earth_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n without_o any_o unequal_a or_o rugged_a part_n which_o no_o doubt_n will_v appear_v if_o these_o part_n challenge_v any_o due_a proportion_n or_o sensible_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o some_o have_v illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o round_a bowl_n or_o ball_n who_o external_a surface_n although_o unequal_a and_o indent_v here_o &_o there_o with_o scotch_n otherwhere_a swell_a with_o knob_n will_v notwithstanding_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o a_o wall_n or_o such_o place_n give_v a_o round_a or_o spherical_a shadow_n in_o the_o same_o wall_n or_o plain_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o little_a quantity_n of_o these_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o like_a sort_n must_v we_o imagine_v the_o mountain_n and_o unequal_a part_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o so_o many_o wart_n or_o pimple_n in_o the_o face_n of_o man_n which_o can_v alter_v his_o duâ—_n proportion_n or_o symmetry_n of_o the_o part_n 3_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a it_o be_v a_o proposition_n agree_v on_o by_o archimedes_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o ancient_a mathematician_n of_o any_o note_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n stand_v and_o subsist_v quiet_o of_o it_o self_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v because_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n although_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v special_o concern_v the_o water_n in_o hydrographie_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n beside_o those_o that_o in_o general_n prove_v the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n be_v diverse_a 1_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o passenger_n in_o a_o ship_n launch_v out_o into_o the_o deep_a from_o some_o haven_n will_v first_o perceive_v the_o tower_n building_n castle_n promontory_n and_o tree_n stand_v
as_o a_o giant_n to_o run_v his_o course_n 6_o his_o go_v forth_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o his_o circuit_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hide_v from_o the_o heat_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o word_n the_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o motion_n which_o we_o have_v give_v unto_o the_o earth_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o although_o this_o may_v oppugn_v copernicus_n his_o opinion_n that_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o may_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o our_o assertion_n who_o allow_v the_o sun_n his_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whether_o those_o word_n of_o the_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a or_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o decide_v the_o scripture_n not_o specify_v express_o either_o 2_o we_o may_v answer_v with_o the_o copernicân_n that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v willing_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o weak_a of_o man_n capacity_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v man_n conceit_n with_o such_o matter_n as_o to_o vulgar_a judgement_n may_v seem_v unlikely_a or_o improbable_a the_o like_a analogy_n of_o speech_n may_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n where_o the_o moon_n be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o great_a light_n in_o regard_n of_o her_o appearance_n be_v notwithstanding_o one_o of_o the_o least_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v probable_a i_o promise_v no_o more_o &_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v perform_v no_o less_o i_o never_o hold_v it_o a_o article_n of_o my_o faith_n to_o defend_v the_o one_o or_o oppugn_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o free_a judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o he_o please_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o of_o terrestrial_a affection_n which_o agree_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n these_o be_v chief_o three_o 1_o the_o site_n 2_o the_o stability_n 3_o the_o proportion_n 2_o the_o site_n be_v the_o local_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o hard_a and_o almost_o impossible_a task_n for_o any_o man_n to_o reconcile_v that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n with_o the_o ground_n of_o common_a geographer_n which_o hold_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v settle_v and_o fix_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v copernicus_n will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o the_o fix_a centre_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o he_o betwixt_o mars_n and_o venus_n which_o seem_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o former_a opinion_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n entire_o take_v and_o understand_v stand_v altogether_o opposite_a to_o these_o our_o ground_n yet_o may_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o aught_o i_o yet_o know_v be_v well_o reconcile_v with_o their_o opinion_n which_o hold_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o circular_a revolution_n we_o give_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o that_o of_o the_o star_n which_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o a_o turn_n of_o itself_o in_o its_o own_o place_n upon_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axletree_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o mill_n or_o such_o a_o like_a engine_n fix_v in_o one_o place_n be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o axle_n so_o that_o the_o motion_n we_o there_o understand_v be_v only_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o 24_o hour_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n the_o other_o two_o motion_n mention_v by_o copernicus_n may_v be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o leave_v to_o astronomer_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o entire_o embrace_v not_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n be_v chief_o two_o first_o because_o it_o seem_v too_o harsh_a and_o dissonant_n in_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o body_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o motion_n especial_o such_o as_o by_o common_a philosopher_n be_v deny_v all_o motion_n second_o because_o the_o other_o motion_n grant_v to_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n god_n willing_a sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o motion_n therefore_o most_o call_v in_o question_n and_o most_o likely_a to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v the_o diurnal_a revolution_n perform_v in_o 24_o hour_n from_o the_o west_n to_o east_n which_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v give_v to_o the_o heaven_n will_v be_v far_o swift_a than_o nature_n can_v well_o suffer_v wherefore_o with_o more_o probability_n may_v this_o motion_n be_v take_v from_o the_o heaven_n and_o give_v unto_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o without_o any_o absurdity_n at_o all_o may_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o heaven_n sith_o no_o repugnancy_n be_v find_v in_o nature_n but_o that_o every_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v furnish_v with_o some_o motion_n and_o therefore_o copernicus_n may_v have_v grant_v the_o sun_n and_o fix_a star_n their_o several_a motion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n which_o will_v have_v seem_v far_o more_o probable_a then_o to_o have_v endow_v the_o earth_n with_o a_o triplicity_n of_o motion_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o open_v i_o will_v set_v down_o their_o theorem_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o understand_v aright_o this_o proposition_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o a_o centre_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o geometrical_o or_o optical_o in_o geometry_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o imaginary_a point_n conceive_v in_o a_o magnitude_n devoyde_a of_o all_o quantity_n yet_o bound_v and_o termine_v all_o magnitude_n optical_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n because_o to_o the_o fight_v it_o may_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o point_n in_o which_o last_o sense_n we_o may_v call_v the_o earth_n the_o centre_n for_o although_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o great_a and_o massy_a substance_n yet_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o demonstrate_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n this_o greatness_n will_v vanish_v into_o nothing_o for_o if_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o the_o firmament_n shall_v behold_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o small_a point_n this_o be_v declare_v we_o will_v produce_v these_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n i_o say_v not_o of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n for_o some_o star_n be_v move_v upon_o their_o own_o centre_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a heavenly_a machine_n be_v collective_o take_v as_o one_o body_n the_o first_o argument_n be_v of_o aristotle_n take_v from_o the_o gravity_n or_o natural_a inclination_n of_o all_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v a_o heavy_a &_o massy_a body_n must_v needs_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n which_o be_v far_a off_o from_o the_o heaven_n but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n point_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o argument_n by_o other_o be_v more_o subtle_o urge_v in_o this_o manner_n suppose_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o many_o part_n equal_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o figure_n which_o part_v so_o divide_v be_v place_v in_o diverse_a place_n under_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_o leave_v to_o themselves_o to_o move_v according_a to_o their_o natural_a inclination_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o their_o part_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n weight_n quantity_n and_o figure_n will_v descend_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n &_o in_o the_o same_o equal_a time_n to_o the_o same_o place_n which_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n happen_v except_o they_o shall_v concur_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o this_o reason_n for_o aught_o i_o understand_v be_v only_o probable_a and_o
not_o the_o same_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o star_n to_o both_o place_n seem_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v except_o we_o admit_v a_o sensible_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o rational_a and_o sensible_a horizon_n and_o so_o grant_v the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o orb_n some_o quantity_n and_o greatness_n this_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n which_o they_o call_v the_o parallax_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v a_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o star_n to_o be_v observe_v egg_v the_o firmament_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v then_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o fix_a point_n m_o of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n xmy_n the_o say_a planet_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o firmament_n s_o according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n whereby_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o place_n direct_o opposite_a suppose_v again_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n p_o of_o another_o sensible_a horizon_n rpq_n the_o star_n l_o will_v no_o doubt_n appear_v in_o the_o opposite_a point_n t._n neither_o of_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o star_n in_o the_o right_a place_n for_o imagine_v the_o eye_n to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o centre_n a_o the_o place_n of_o the_o star_n will_v be_v v._o which_o be_v his_o true_a place_n these_o difference_n of_o sight_n can_v find_v no_o place_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n and_o challenge_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o inferior_a planet_n and_o yet_o experience_n of_o astronomer_n have_v sufficient_o confirm_v it_o but_o this_o be_v a_o point_n very_o curious_a and_o appertain_v to_o astronomy_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o far_a industry_n who_o profession_n it_o undergo_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o all_z the_o property_n which_o agree_v by_o nature_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o have_v handle_v here_o we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v all_o the_o circle_n conceive_v to_o be_v in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 2_o a_o terrestrial_a circle_n be_v a_o round_a line_n conceive_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n a_o circle_n be_v consider_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o abstract_a from_o this_o or_o that_o sensible_a matter_n in_o which_o sort_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o geometry_n to_o which_o proper_o appertain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o fabric_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o magnitude_n especial_o of_o this_o be_v among_o all_o the_o most_o perfect_a and_o exact_a or_o else_o a_o circle_n be_v consider_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o have_v some_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o least_o by_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o so_o it_o come_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o geography_n for_o conclusion_n demonstrate_v and_o prove_v in_o geometry_n be_v here_o to_o be_v admit_v as_o principle_n suppose_v not_o demonstrate_v a_o new_a which_o logic_n if_o clavius_n blancanus_n and_o other_o such_o writer_n have_v well_o learned_a they_o will_v not_o have_v stuff_v out_o their_o work_n with_o such_o heterogeneal_a mixture_n but_o have_v reduce_v every_o thing_n to_o his_o proper_a seat_n and_o science_n a_o circle_n as_o well_o by_o the_o geographer_n as_o astronomer_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o quadrant_n each_o quadrant_a into_o 90_o degree_n all_o which_o make_v up_o 360._o so_o that_o a_o degree_n be_v the_o 360_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o i_o only_o mention_v as_o be_v of_o chief_a use_n with_o we_o yet_o suppose_v to_o be_v handle_v and_o teach_v in_o a_o high_a science_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o in_o logic_a man_n have_v invent_v certain_a intentional_a notion_n serve_v as_o so_o many_o instrument_n to_o direct_v and_o regulate_v our_o understanding_n in_o the_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n so_o in_o cosmographie_n can_v there_o not_o be_v want_v such_o imaginary_a sign_n and_o circle_n to_o confirm_v and_o aid_v our_o fantasy_n and_o as_o in_o logic_n such_o notion_n in_o themselves_o be_v mere_o imaginary_a and_o intentional_a yet_o may_v be_v term_v real_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o be_v ground_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o may_v we_o speak_v of_o these_o circle_n conceive_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n which_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conceive_v to_o be_v fictious_a and_o imaginary_a as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o in_o nature_n for_o although_o there_o be_v no_o such_o circle_n paint_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o find_v in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n yet_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n conceive_v such_o real_a respect_n to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o when_o a_o ship_n sail_n over_o the_o ocean_n it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o leave_v behind_o any_o visible_a mark_n or_o character_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o regard_n it_o make_v a_o real_a passage_n it_o will_v leave_v a_o line_n conceivable_a sign_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a passage_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v not_o a_o little_a trouble_a cosmographer_n to_o find_v out_o the_o immediate_a and_o true_a subject_n or_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n whether_o they_o shall_v be_v immediate_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n have_v acknowledge_v no_o other_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n then_o the_o congruity_n and_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o his_o part_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n more_o near_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n have_v find_v these_o circle_n all_o except_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n to_o be_v immediate_o ground_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o who_o opinion_n we_o can_v reject_v as_o be_v support_v by_o experimental_a demonstration_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o particular_a 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o any_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n but_o only_a inconueniency_n leave_v our_o judgement_n free_a to_o take_v such_o a_o number_n as_o may_v best_o serve_v our_o purpose_n some_o astronomer_n more_o curious_a than_o wise_a have_v go_v about_o to_o seek_v a_o ground_n of_o this_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o 360_o part_n out_o of_o the_o sun_n course_n in_o the_o zodiac_n a_o circle_n say_v they_o by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v describe_v in_o a_o plain_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o equal_a part_n now_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o perfect_a motion_n pass_v through_o one_o six_o part_n in_o 60_o day_n the_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o for_o 60_o multiply_v by_o 6_o will_v produce_v that_o number_n but_o this_o reason_n seem_v to_o infer_v nothing_o concern_v any_o natural_a ground_n that_o this_o distinction_n shall_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o conveniency_n the_o number_n 360_o be_v fit_a for_o that_o calculation_n another_o reason_n very_o like_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o moon_n which_o happen_v 12_o time_n in_o a_o year_n and_o because_o from_o each_o conjunction_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v spend_v 30_o day_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v first_o divide_v into_o 12_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 30_o will_v produce_v 360._o this_o reason_n likewise_o prove_v only_o thus_o much_o that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a number_n to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a not_o that_o this_o division_n have_v any_o ground_n in_o nature_n more_o than_o other_o because_o be_v a_o continuate_a quantity_n according_a to_o philosophy_n it_o may_v suffer_v infinite_a division_n for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n leave_v free_a to_o cosmographer_n to_o choose_v what_o number_n they_o please_v to_o express_v the_o part_n or_o section_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o they_o take_v as_o it_o seem_v not_o mere_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o from_o their_o conveniency_n and_o commodity_n find_v this_o number_n most_o commodious_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o every_o circle_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o number_n can_v be_v find_v which_o suffer_v more_o part_n and_o division_n than_o this_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o 60_o whereof_o
by_o half_a hour_n so_o the_o parallel_n by_o quarter_n as_o we_o have_v show_v and_o shall_v more_o full_o explain_v in_o this_o chapter_n 2_o the_o climate_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n although_o the_o climate_n be_v place_v according_a to_o equal_a increase_n of_o day_n and_o night_n yet_o suffer_v they_o a_o great_a inequality_n for_o no_o clime_n be_v equal_a to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n but_o be_v still_o great_a than_o other_o by_o how_o much_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o first_o climate_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o 8_o degree_n which_o make_v 480_o italian-mile_n but_o of_o the_o last_o not_o so_o many_o minute_n as_o quarter_n of_o mile_n 11_o in_o terrestrial_a climate_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 1_o the_o invention_n 2_o the_o distinction_n the_o invention_n teach_v the_o manner_n how_o to_o find_v out_o in_o what_o climate_n any_o place_n lie_v the_o find_v out_o of_o any_o climate_n depend_v upon_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n for_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n be_v once_o know_v the_o climate_n will_v also_o be_v find_v out_o by_o this_o rule_n 1_o double_v the_o hour_n above_o 12_o and_o the_o product_n will_v show_v the_o climate_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v intimate_v before_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o climate_n be_v distinguish_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n of_o the_o long_a day_n now_o the_o day_n under_o the_o equatour_n be_v always_o equal_a contain_v 12_o hour_n in_o length_n from_o which_o towards_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v increase_v by_o degree_n wherefore_o the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n must_v needs_o be_v double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o hour_n above_o 12_o as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o shall_v find_v out_o in_o what_o climate_n england_n be_v situate_v i_o find_v the_o length_n of_o the_o long_a day_n to_o be_v about_o 18_o hour_n which_o be_v six_o hour_n more_o than_o 12_o this_o i_o double_a and_o it_o will_v be_v 12_o whence_o i_o collect_v that_o england_n be_v situate_v under_o the_o 12_o climate_n a_o more_o compendious_a way_n of_o find_v out_o the_o climate_n of_o any_o place_n be_v by_o a_o certain_a table_n wherein_o against_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v set_v the_o just_a climate_n which_o table_n we_o shall_v insert_v hereafter_o here_o must_v be_v note_v that_o this_o rule_n which_o we_o have_v teach_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o climate_n as_o they_o be_v absolute_a in_o nature_n and_o not_o of_o ptolemy_n climate_n if_o any_o man_n will_v find_v out_o the_o climate_n of_o ptolemy_n he_o must_v first_o cast_v away_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n which_o be_v 45_o minute_n because_o his_o climate_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v begin_v not_o immediate_o from_o the_o equatour_n but_o from_o the_o latitude_n of_o 12_o degree_n 12_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n the_o distinction_n of_o climate_n in_o northern_a and_o southern_a climate_n both_o these_o again_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o proper_a or_o improper_a 13_o the_o proper_a climate_n be_v those_o which_o be_v place_v between_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o point_n near_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o improper_a be_v those_o from_o the_o polar_a circle_n to_o the_o pole_n itself_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o climate_n be_v consider_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n 1_o absolute_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n 2_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o know_v habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o latter_a consideration_n the_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v otherwise_o distinguish_v the_o climate_n than_o the_o new_a writer_n whence_o arise_v a_o great_a difference_n and_o confusion_n among_o they_o in_o define_v the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n for_o sometime_o they_o will_v have_v a_o new_a climate_n put_v whensoever_o the_o day_n increase_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n sometime_o at_o half_a a_o hour_n sometime_o at_o difference_n of_o a_o whole_a hour_n or_o day_n but_o the_o doubt_n be_v easy_o answer_v and_o reconcile_v by_o our_o former_a distinction_n for_o whereas_o they_o put_v the_o difference_n of_o climate_n to_o be_v half_o a_o hour_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o these_o which_o be_v proper_a climate_n betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o beyond_o this_o circle_n the_o artificial_a day_n increase_v not_o only_o by_o hour_n but_o by_o day_n week_n month_n so_o that_o another_o account_n must_v be_v make_v of_o such_o climate_n then_o of_o the_o former_a but_o it_o have_v be_v general_o take_v for_o those_o climate_n of_o the_o ancient_n now_o the_o distinction_n of_o climate_n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v of_o the_o geographer_n before_o ptolemy_n who_o place_v the_o uttermost_a bind_v northward_o in_o the_o 25_o degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o elevation_n and_o so_o make_v only_o seven_o climate_n these_o 7_o climate_n be_v all_o understand_v to_o be_v in_o the_o habitable_a part_n wherein_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o design_v out_o unto_o we_o by_o name_n take_v from_o city_n mountain_n region_n and_o such_o like_a remarkable_a place_n where_o we_o be_v to_o conceive_v that_o climate_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v guess_v to_o run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o any_o such_o region_n whereof_o it_o take_v its_o name_n but_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n as_o well_o with_o the_o ancient_n as_o modern_a cosmographer_n we_o will_v insert_v this_o follow_a theorem_fw-la 1_o in_o the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n there_o be_v a_o great_a diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n this_o have_v be_v before_o mention_v but_o for_o better_a distinction_n we_o have_v reserve_v the_o handle_n of_o these_o difference_n to_o this_o proposition_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o carollary_n to_o the_o rest_n first_o we_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o ptolemy_n so_o appoint_v the_o parallel_n out_o of_o which_o the_o climate_n must_v arise_v that_o he_o number_v 38_o both_o way_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o wit_n 38_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o so_o many_o towards_o the_o north._n these_o parallel_n he_o so_o distinguish_v that_o 24_o he_o number_v by_o quarter_n of_o hour_n four_o by_o half_a hour_n four_o by_o whole_a hour_n and_o six_o by_o whole_a month_n hence_o be_v it_o that_o geographer_n say_v that_o a_o new_a parallel_n be_v to_o be_v place_v sometime_o whereas_o the_o long_a day_n increase_v by_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n sometime_o where_o it_o increase_v by_o a_o half_a sometime_o by_o a_o whole_a hour_n sometime_o by_o a_o whole_a month_n the_o first_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o 24_o parallel_n which_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o ancient_n before_o ptolemy_n the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o of_o such_o as_o be_v unknown_a unto_o those_o ancient_n before_o ptolemy_n to_o reduce_v all_o into_o order_n we_o will_v set_v down_o this_o distinction_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n be_v either_o ancient_a or_o new_a the_o ancient_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o former_a or_o latter_a the_o former_a be_v that_o which_o be_v set_v down_o before_o ptolemy_n time_n wherein_o there_o be_v assign_v seven_o climate_n according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n though_o mercator_n grant_v but_o 5_o these_o author_n place_v their_o northern_a bind_v in_o the_o 25_o degree_n or_o elevation_n the_o late_a distinction_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o but_o somewhat_o correct_v by_o ptolemy_n who_o place_v 9_o climate_n towards_o the_o north._n the_o first_o pass_v by_o meroe_n a_o city_n of_o ethiopia_n where_o the_o long_a or_o solstitial_a day_n be_v 13_o hour_n the_o second_o by_o see_z in_o egypt_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 13_o ½_o the_o three_o by_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 14_o hour_n the_o 4_o by_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v of_o 14_o ½_o the_o five_o by_o rome_n where_o they_o have_v the_o length_n of_o the_o long_a day_n 15_o hour_n the_o six_o by_o pontus_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 15_o ½_o hour_n the_o seven_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o boristhenes_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v of_o 16_o hour_n nevertheless_o some_o have_v draw_v the_o 6_o climate_n by_o boristhenes_n in_o sarmatia_n and_o the_o seven_o by_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n ptolemy_n to_o this_o number_n add_v two_o more_o and_o so_o reckon_v they_o that_o the_o 8_o shall_v pass_v by_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n and_o the_o 9_o by_o denmark_n where_o
the_o day_n at_o long_a be_v 17_o hour_n to_o these_o northern_a climate_n they_o oppose_v so_o many_o towards_o the_o south_n which_o they_o call_v anticlimate_n these_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v in_o ptolomiâ—s_n time_n be_v imaginary_a altogether_o because_o few_o or_o no_o place_n be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n beyond_o the_o line_n but_o to_o leave_v pâ—olomy_n and_o his_o old_a author_n and_o examine_v the_o industry_n of_o late_a geographer_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n to_o be_v twofold_a either_o unperfect_a wherein_o they_o number_v only_o 19_o climate_n or_o perfect_a wherein_o they_o account_v 46_o or_o 48_o of_o which_o 23_o or_o 24_o be_v northern_a and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a part_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o south_n the_o perfect_a distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n be_v again_o as_o late_a writer_n speak_v either_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a the_o certain_a they_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o climate_n be_v distinguish_v and_o range_v from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o polar_a circle_n for_o since_o the_o northern_a region_n be_v now_o discover_v beyond_o 70_o degree_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o a_o climate_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o space_n comprehend_v betwixt_o three_o parallel_n in_o the_o habitable_a earth_n wherein_o the_o length_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v increase_v by_o half_a a_o hour_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o from_o the_o equatour_n to_o that_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 24_o hour_n which_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o pole-circle_n there_o shall_v be_v place_v 24_o climate_n the_o uncertain_a distinction_n they_o call_v that_o which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v term_v improper_a because_o in_o these_o climate_n the_o day_n be_v not_o increase_v by_o half_a hour_n as_o in_o the_o former_a but_o first_o by_o whole_a day_n then_o by_o week_n and_o last_o of_o all_o by_o whole_a month_n in_o so_o much_o that_o under_o the_o pole_n itself_o they_o have_v 6_o month_n perpetual_a day_n and_o so_o long_o again_o a_o continual_a night_n the_o parallel_n whereof_o the_o climate_n be_v make_v be_v set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n 38_o as_o we_o have_v say_v but_o the_o late_a writer_n have_v place_v they_o so_o far_o northern_o that_o they_o reach_v to_o that_o tract_n wherein_o the_o sun_n tarry_v above_o the_o horizon_n a_o whole_a 24_o hour_n and_o so_o have_v number_v 23_o or_o 24_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o many_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n be_v because_o some_o draw_v the_o first_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o redde-sea_n other_o by_o meroe_n for_o the_o far_a consideration_n of_o these_o climate_n correct_v by_o late_a goegrapher_n they_o begin_v their_o account_n from_o the_o equatour_n itself_o which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o best_a rule_n of_o certainty_n because_o we_o hold_v that_o whole_a tract_n of_o earth_n to_o be_v habitable_a as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o our_o second_o book_n 14_o a_o parallel_n be_v a_o space_n wherein_o the_o long_a day_n be_v increase_v by_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n concern_v the_o parallel_n little_o can_v be_v say_v more_o than_o be_v have_v open_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o climate_n for_o as_o we_o show_v the_o one_o can_v be_v well_o understand_v without_o the_o other_o only_o to_o avoid_v ambiguity_n of_o speech_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o a_o parallel_n may_v be_v take_v either_o for_o a_o line_n or_o circle_n in_o which_o senfe_fw-mi we_o take_v it_o in_o the_o five_o chapter_n where_o we_o divide_v they_o into_o name_v or_o nameless_a or_o else_o for_o a_o space_n bound_v by_o circle_n as_o we_o here_o understand_v it_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o distinction_n have_v make_v some_o geographer_n speak_v sometime_o improper_o the_o parallel_n be_v find_v out_o by_o this_o rule_n 1_o let_v the_o number_n of_o the_o long_a day_n above_o 12_o be_v multiply_v by_o 4_o and_o the_o product_n will_v show_v the_o parallel_n the_o reason_n be_v give_v before_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o climate_n because_o the_o parallel_n space_n according_a to_o latitude_n be_v but_o half_a the_o climate_n so_o that_o as_o in_o find_v out_o the_o climate_n for_o any_o place_n we_o ought_v to_o double_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o long_a day_n above_o 12_o so_o here_o we_o ought_v to_o quadruple_a they_o which_o be_v to_o multiply_v they_o by_o 4_o as_o for_o example_n at_o rome_n we_o find_v the_o long_a day_n to_o be_v about_o 15_o which_o exceed_v 12_o by_o 3_o which_o be_v again_o multiply_v by_o 4_o will_v produce_v 12_o which_o be_v the_o parallel_n for_o the_o place_n 2_o the_o parallel_n no_o where_o divide_v the_o climate_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n in_o the_o climate_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v two_o thing_n either_o their_o latitude_n or_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o their_o longitude_n or_o extent_n from_o east_n to_o west_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v hardly_o without_o sensible_a error_n call_v the_o parallel_n half_o the_o climate_n in_o regard_n the_o three_o line_n whereof_o the_o climate_n consist_v to_o wit_n the_o middle_a and_o the_o two_o extreme_n be_v not_o always_o of_o like_a distance_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o circumference_n as_o be_v stretch_v i_o self_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v much_o more_o to_o wit_n that_o of_o two_o parallel_n divide_v the_o same_o climate_n betwixt_o they_o that_o that_o be_v manifest_o the_o great_a which_o be_v next_o the_o equatour_n and_o that_o be_v the_o least_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n which_o comprehend_v their_o parallel_n space_n continual_o decrease_v towards_o the_o pole_n so_o that_o if_o we_o imagine_v two_o man_n to_o travel_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n the_o one_o in_o a_o parallel_n near_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o near_a the_o pole_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o he_o shall_v go_v far_o fast_a which_o be_v near_o the_o equatour_n than_o the_o other_o near_o the_o pole_n for_o howsoever_o columella_n seem_v to_o make_v a_o parallel_n to_o have_v in_o breadth_n 60_o foot_n and_o to_o intimate_v by_o consequence_n a_o equality_n of_o the_o parallel_n among_o themselves_o yet_o must_v this_o be_v understand_v of_o parallel_n which_o be_v near_o one_o to_o the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n which_o comprehend_v a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n and_o admit_v no_o sensible_a difference_n other_o matter_n which_o concern_v the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n shall_v be_v god_n will_v unfold_v in_o our_o table_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o such_o other_o adjunct_n appertain_v without_o the_o which_o this_o treatise_n will_v be_v unperfect_a depend_v for_o a_o great_a part_n on_o such_o circumstance_n as_o our_o method_n admit_v not_o in_o this_o place_n but_o immediate_o follow_v chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o space_n bound_v by_o circle_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o wit_n zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o such_o adjunct_n as_o proper_o belong_v to_o such_o space_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a absolute_a as_o they_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o themselves_o without_o any_o comparison_n of_o one_o with_o the_o other_o 3_o the_o former_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o from_o the_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n or_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o sun-shadowe_n according_a to_o the_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o inhabitant_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v either_o a_o right_n oblique_a or_o parallel_n sphere_n according_a to_o their_o orison_n what_o these_o three_o sphere_n be_v may_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v concern_v the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o this_o treatise_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o far_a repetition_n we_o be_v in_o this_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o several_a accident_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n out_o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o threefold_a sphere_n will_v arise_v 13_o manner_n of_o habitation_n which_o for_o more_o order_n sake_n we_o will_v reduce_v into_o certain_a head_n in_o this_o manner_n 4_o the_o people_n of_o a_o right_a sphere_n be_v such_o as_o enjoy_v aright_o horizon_n who_o propriety_n shall_v be_v declare_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o
the_o other_o at_o the_o end_n the_o former_a be_v think_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o heat_n because_o the_o sunbeam_n there_o fall_v perpendicular_o and_o so_o make_v a_o great_a reflection_n the_o other_o for_o extremity_n of_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n cause_v little_a or_o no_o reflection_n whence_o a_o second_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o extreme_a drought_n of_o those_o place_n which_o seem_v most_o opposite_a to_o man_n temper_n require_v a_o reasonable_a degree_n of_o moisture_n but_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n of_o the_o ancient_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v confess_v as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n confirm_v by_o experience_n of_o many_o nâ—uigatours_n that_o those_o region_n by_o they_o imagine_v unfit_a for_o habitation_n be_v not_o only_o habitable_a but_o in_o many_o place_n very_o populous_a neither_o want_n there_o many_o reason_n find_v out_o by_o latter_a writer_n to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o this_o opinion_n some_o whereof_o we_o have_v already_o touch_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n first_o whereas_o they_o urge_v the_o place_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o be_v unhabitable_a by_o reason_n of_o intemperate_a heat_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v then_o always_o equal_a contain_v not_o above_o 12_o hour_n so_o that_o the_o space_n of_o either_o be_v short_a the_o cold_a of_o the_o night_n may_v well_o assuage_v the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n another_o reason_n be_v ordinary_o take_v from_o the_o extraordinary_o high_a mountain_n common_o place_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o approach_v near_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n must_v of_o necessity_n partake_v some_o what_o more_o of_o cold_a which_o daily_a experience_n can_v witness_v in_o that_o their_o top_n â—_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n even_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o summer_n three_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o region_n be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o this_o cold_a temper_n because_o water_n be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o nature_n cold_a four_o the_o set_n and_o certain_a wind_n by_o nature_n ordain_v to_o blow_v in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n may_v add_v much_o to_o temperature_n five_o the_o extraordinary_a rain_n and_o shower_n which_o those_o place_n suffer_v which_o be_v under_o the_o line_n especial_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o asswage_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n last_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v from_o their_o cradle_n enure_v to_o no_o other_o quality_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n will_v take_v away_o much_o from_o our_o admiration_n on_o the_o other_o side_n no_o small_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v why_o the_o region_n lie_v near_o or_o under_o the_o pole_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o extreme_o cold_a but_o that_o they_o may_v admit_v of_o habitation_n first_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v for_o six_o month_n together_o above_o their_o horizon_n must_v needs_o impress_v into_o the_o air_n more_o heat_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v do_v beside_o the_o thickness_n incorporate_v as_o it_o be_v with_o heat_n must_v needs_o receive_v into_o it_o more_o degree_n of_o it_o then_o a_o thin_a and_o more_o refine_a air_n because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n most_o common_o suppose_v the_o condensation_n or_o thicken_a of_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v but_o no_o great_a reason_n can_v be_v show_v in_o this_o point_n then_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n expose_v from_o their_o infancy_n to_o no_o other_o temperament_n if_o we_o shall_v ask_v a_o reason_n why_o we_o unmask_v our_o face_n against_o the_o encounter_n of_o the_o great_a cold_a be_v a_o soft_a and_o tender_a part_n not_o dare_v to_o uncover_v our_o other_o part_n what_o reason_n can_v a_o man_n invent_v but_o custom_n if_o any_o shall_v ask_v why_o barbarous_a people_n live_v in_o far_o cold_a climate_n than_o this_o of_o we_o go_v altogether_o naked_a whereas_o the_o cold_a be_v mother_n of_o many_o disease_n among_o we_o who_o go_v always_o clothe_v only_o use_v and_o custom_n can_v yield_v a_o answer_n these_o reason_n make_v it_o probable_a enough_o that_o no_o place_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v by_o nature_n make_v not_o habitable_a now_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o inhabitable_a by_o nature_n but_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n true_o inhabit_v will_v appear_v as_o easy_o if_o we_o trust_v the_o testimony_n of_o navigatour_n which_o have_v discover_v few_o or_o no_o region_n want_v some_o inhabitant_n but_o that_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v more_o distinct_o understand_v we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v divide_v into_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o the_o sea_n we_o may_v call_v it_o habitable_a in_o that_o large_a sense_n before_o mention_v to_o wit_n that_o on_o it_o every_o where_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v which_o be_v plain_a out_o of_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n who_o have_v sail_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o have_v enter_v far_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n where_o at_o least_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o other_o they_o may_v find_v the_o way_n passable_a for_o the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o principal_o understand_v we_o must_v note_v that_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o for_o every_o little_a quillet_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n contane_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o for_o a_o certain_a region_n of_o some_o indifferent_a greatness_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v too_o much_o to_o affirm_v every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v habitable_a for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o place_n as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_n or_o the_o sand_n of_o africa_n proper_o admit_v of_o no_o habitation_n yet_o in_o a_o improper_a and_o large_a sense_n they_o may_v be_v call_v habitable_a because_o on_o they_o a_o man_n may_v live_v and_o breath_n for_o a_o certain_a space_n of_o time_n but_o if_o by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n we_o understand_v some_o reasonable_a greatness_n no_o great_a doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o it_o be_v either_o already_o inhabit_v by_o mankind_n or_o can_v at_o least_o admit_v of_o habitation_n as_o that_o which_o not_o only_o for_o a_o time_n afford_v a_o man_n life_n and_o breath_n but_o also_o some_o convenient_a mean_n of_o sustenance_n for_o no_o country_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v so_o indigent_a and_o barren_a of_o all_o vital_a aide_n which_o be_v neither_o capable_a of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n fit_a for_o man_n nourishment_n or_o that_o can_v draw_v fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o if_o this_o shall_v fail_v can_v afford_v fruit_n or_o herbage_n from_o the_o ground_n or_o in_o case_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v deficient_a can_v have_v passage_n by_o water_n to_o other_o country_n whence_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o no_o question_n but_o nature_n have_v store_v every_o country_n with_o some_o commodity_n or_o other_o which_o by_o traffic_n may_v draw_v riches_n from_o other_o region_n as_o by_o instance_n may_v more_o particular_o appear_v hereafter_o when_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o particular_a region_n and_o their_o several_a accident_n 2_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v suffer_v manifold_a alteration_n and_o change_n as_o well_o in_o name_n as_o nature_n i_o need_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o assertion_n for_o that_o every_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o much_o mutation_n in_o the_o process_n of_o time_n as_o well_o in_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o few_o obvious_a instance_n in_o each_o country_n will_v easy_o certify_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o seem_v amiss_o i_o hope_v to_o show_v the_o progress_n manner_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n which_o will_v give_v no_o small_a satisfaction_n to_o discourse_v of_o all_o change_n according_a to_o all_o time_n be_v a_o matter_n infinite_a we_o may_v refer_v all_o to_o two_o head_n to_o wit_n the_o change_n of_o name_n and_o the_o change_n of_o nature_n concern_v the_o former_a that_o most_o country_n have_v change_v their_o first_o and_o original_a name_n be_v most_o evident_a to_o such_o as_o consult_v the_o map_n and_o write_n of_o our_o common_a geographer_n for_o few_o or_o none_o will_v discover_v unto_o we_o any_o region_n by_o that_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v know_v in_o former_a time_n in_o so_o much_o as_o great_a controversy_n and_o dispute_n have_v grow_v about_o diverse_a country_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n whereof_o the_o name_n shall_v take_v its_o first_o original_a but_o of_o this_o change_n we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o if_o we_o
black_a lion_n which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n and_o not_o to_o any_o quality_n of_o the_o seed_n or_o any_o curse_n inflict_v on_o the_o place_n moreover_o it_o be_v report_v by_o ferdinando_n de_fw-fr quir_n in_o his_o late_a discovery_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n that_o he_o there_o also_o find_v some_o black_a people_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o imagine_v this_o land_n though_o stretch_v very_o far_o in_o quantity_n towards_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o come_v so_o far_o or_o much_o far_a than_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n these_o argument_n make_v it_o the_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o region_n situate_v under_o the_o tropic_n general_o exceed_v more_o in_o heat_n than_o those_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o line_n 2_o in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n be_v more_o moderate_o cold_a the_o other_o towards_o the_o pole_n most_o immoderate_o cold_a and_o unapt_a for_o convenient_a habitation_n that_o this_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o 60_o degree_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n habitable_a be_v confirm_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o navigatour_n especial_o the_o english_a and_o hollander_n who_o have_v adventure_v very_o far_o northward_o and_o have_v there_o find_v the_o earth_n though_o not_o so_o fruitful_a yet_o furnish_v with_o some_o commodity_n and_o people_v with_o inhabitant_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n admit_v of_o no_o great_a exception_n contain_v in_o their_o extent_n finmarke_n bodia_n in_o scandia_n nova_fw-la zembla_n auian_n groenland_n with_o many_o other_o place_n indifferent_o discover_v where_o they_o have_v indeed_o find_v the_o air_n very_o cold_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o of_o we_o yet_o not_o so_o immoderate_a but_o that_o it_o can_v at_o all_o time_n agree_v with_o the_o natural_a temper_n of_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n and_o at_o least_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n admit_v a_o passage_n for_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o other_o region_n stretch_v northward_o from_o 75_o degree_n to_o the_o pole_n itself_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o think_v habitable_a yet_o afford_v it_o no_o convenient_a mean_n and_o sustenance_n for_o man_n life_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o place_n neither_o can_v the_o people_n of_o this_o climate_n enjoy_v any_o good_a complexion_n or_o temperament_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o cold_a with_o they_o be_v so_o predominant_a that_o it_o choke_v and_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o natural_a hâ—at_n whence_o hypocrates_n say_v that_o they_o be_v dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o their_o swarthy_a colour_n and_o dwarfish_a stature_n which_o assertion_n of_o he_o can_v obtain_v no_o credit_n but_o of_o such_o northern_a people_n as_o live_v near_o the_o pole_n nevertheless_o we_o shall_v not_o find_v these_o poor_a northern_a nation_n so_o destitute_a altogether_o of_o vital_a aide_n but_o that_o their_o want_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n recompense_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o nature_n the_o chief_a comfort_n in_o this_o kind_n which_o we_o enjoy_v and_o they_o seem_v to_o want_v be_v heat_n and_o light_n the_o defect_n of_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o mollify_v 1_o by_o the_o sun_n stay_v so_o long_o above_o their_o horizon_n as_o 6_o month_n and_o by_o consequence_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n 2_o by_o the_o natural_a custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n never_o acquaint_v with_o any_o other_o temperature_n both_o which_o reason_n we_o have_v former_o allege_v 3_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v teach_v by_o necessity_n to_o preserve_v themselves_o during_o the_o wintertime_n in_o cave_n stove_n and_o such_o like_a place_n heat_v with_o continual_a fire_n the_o defect_n of_o which_o providence_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o sr_n hugh_n willoughby_n intend_v a_o search_n of_o the_o north-east_n passage_n on_o the_o north_n of_o lapland_n and_o russia_n to_o recompense_v the_o defect_n of_o light_n nature_n have_v provide_v two_o way_n 1_o in_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o parallel_n come_v near_a and_o near_o to_o the_o horizon_n give_v they_o a_o long_a time_n of_o glimmer_a light_n both_o before_o his_o rise_n and_o after_o his_o set_n which_o may_v serve_v they_o instead_o of_o day_n 2_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o refraction_n in_o a_o vaporous_a and_o foggy_a horizon_n appeâ—reâ—â—o_o theâ—_n sometime_o before_o he_o be_v true_o rise_v which_o cause_v the_o hollander_n nova_fw-la zombla_fw-fr to_o wonder_v why_o they_o shall_v see_v the_o sun_n diverse_a day_n before_o according_a to_o their_o account_n he_o be_v to_o rise_v above_o their_o horizon_n according_a to_o astronomical_a ground_n which_o problem_n have_v stagger_v all_o the_o mathematician_n of_o the_o world_n have_v not_o the_o perspective_n science_n step_v in_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n 3_o in_o the_o middle_a section_n betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o first_o 15_o be_v temperate_o hot_a the_o other_o 15_o more_o incline_v to_o cold._n the_o middle_a region_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o extreme_n towit_n of_o the_o cold_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o hot_a towards_o the_o equatour_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o more_o any_o part_n of_o this_o tract_n approach_v the_o hot_a region_n under_o the_o tropic_n and_o equatour_n the_o more_o it_o must_v partake_v of_o heat_n yet_o this_o heat_n be_v mitigate_v by_o some_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v temperate_a and_o very_a apt_a for_o humane_a habitation_n also_o this_o mixture_n of_o the_o cold_a quality_n be_v more_o extend_v and_o increase_v on_o the_o other_o moiety_n towards_o the_o pole_n through_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o cold_a region_n must_v loose_v much_o of_o the_o former_a heat_n which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v more_o confirm_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n bear_v the_o true_a mark_n of_o external_a cold_a and_o internal_a heat_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o other_o for_o the_o external_a cold_a if_o it_o be_v not_o over_o predominant_a and_o too_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a heat_n will_v by_o a_o antiperistasis_n keep_v in_o and_o condensate_a this_o heat_n make_v it_o more_o fervent_a and_o vigorous_a 6_o the_o east_n and_o west_n hemisphere_n be_v bound_v and_o divide_v by_o the_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o canary_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n 7_o the_o east_n hemisphere_n reach_v from_o the_o canary_n the_o moluccoe_n on_o this_o side_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o may_v here_o note_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o this_o division_n and_o the_o former_a foâ—_n the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n be_v part_v as_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n itself_o and_o the_o sun_n motion_n but_o the_o division_n of_o the_o globe_n into_o east_n and_o west_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o man_n institution_n yet_o be_v the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a find_v to_o differ_v many_o way_n the_o discovery_n of_o which_o may_v give_v great_a light_n to_o observation_n 1_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o we_o live_v be_v every_o way_n happy_a and_o worthy_a than_o the_o other_o westward_o how_o far_o short_a the_o western_a hemisphere_n come_v of_o this_o of_o we_o many_o circumstance_n may_v declare_v for_o first_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o quantity_n of_o land_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n for_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n contain_v in_o it_o beside_o the_o southern_a continent_n wherein_o ourâ—_n also_o claim_v a_o moiety_n only_a america_n with_o the_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v whereas_o the_o other_o within_o this_o large_a circuit_n contain_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n know_v unto_o the_o ancient_n as_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n with_o many_o land_n to_o they_o annex_v moreover_o it_o be_v probable_o conjecture_v by_o some_o that_o america_n be_v usual_o on_o our_o map_n and_o globe_n especial_o the_o more_o ancient_a paint_a and_o delineate_v out_o great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v which_o have_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o fraudulent_a deceit_n of_o the_o portugall_n heretofore_o who_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v reduce_v the_o molucco_n land_n to_o the_o east_n indies_n than_o their_o own_o possession_n seek_v as_o well_o in_o their_o map_n as_o relation_n to_o curtail_v asia_n and_o enlarge_v america_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o molucâ—o_v land_n may_v seem_v to_o fall_v within_o the_o 180_o degree_n eastward_o wherein_o they_o
of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v â—ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o straâ—ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hircâ—â—_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a propontiâ—ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o â—orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o waterâ—_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
and_o compass_n dare_v not_o adventure_v into_o the_o ocean_n so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n but_o to_o give_v the_o opposite_a part_n all_o reasonable_a advantage_n admit_v the_o strait_n divide_v asia_n and_o america_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o within_o ken_n be_v it_o likely_a that_o from_o hence_o thâ—y_o can_v by_o ship_n transport_v so_o many_o knde_n of_o creature_n can_v we_o believe_v any_o man_n to_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o carry_v over_o with_o he_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n fox_n and_o other_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o ravenous_a and_o unprofitable_a beast_n as_o pernicious_a to_o mankind_n as_o other_o creature_n serve_v for_o his_o use_n if_o any_o be_v find_v so_o foolish_a or_o malicious_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o unlikely_a he_o shall_v transport_v so_o many_o kind_n this_o argument_n seem_v no_o more_o to_o concern_v america_n than_o most_o land_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o we_o find_v diverse_a creature_n not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n but_o many_o unprofitable_a &_o hateful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o mean_n of_o this_o transportation_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v st_n augustine_n with_o some_o other_o divine_n have_v be_v drive_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n as_o if_o almighty_a god_n shall_v perform_v this_o matter_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o angel_n which_o answer_v we_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v support_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n yet_o i_o can_v so_o easy_o imagine_v that_o god_n who_o use_v natural_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o ark_n shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n in_o the_o propagation_n of_o these_o creature_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o to_o i_o the_o reason_n will_v seem_v better_o answer_v out_o of_o our_o ground_n which_o we_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n but_o afterward_o break_v from_o the_o main_a continent_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o beast_n as_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o break_v off_o have_v since_o there_o continue_v by_o continual_a propagation_n until_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v of_o ravenous_a and_o hurtful_a beast_n because_o of_o the_o other_o less_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convey_v from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o by_o ship_v to_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o mankind_n here_o we_o see_v that_o no_o argument_n as_o yet_o have_v be_v urge_v so_o strong_a against_o the_o north-passage_n but_o may_v with_o reasonable_a probability_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o descend_v somewhat_o to_o particular_n to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v either_o towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o the_o northwest_n the_o north-east_n passage_n have_v heretofore_o be_v attempt_v by_o many_o of_o our_o english_a navigatour_n but_o with_o unhappy_a success_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o voyage_n altogether_o fruitless_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o russia_n whence_o begin_v the_o first_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o russian_a merchant_n but_o that_o little_a hope_n can_v hence_o arise_v sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v these_o 1_o the_o dangerous_a rend_n of_o the_o scythick_n cape_n set_v by_o ortelius_n under_o 80_o degree_n northward_o together_o with_o the_o perilous_a sail_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n always_o pester_v with_o ice_n and_o snow_n second_v by_o diverse_a bay_n or_o shelf_n mist_n fog_n long_a and_o darksome_a night_n most_o adverse_a to_o any_o happy_a navigation_n 2_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o east_n which_o give_v small_a hope_n of_o a_o through_o passage_n because_o all_o sea_n be_v feed_v with_o water_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o shore_n then_o in_o the_o middle_n but_o where_o in_o sail_v forward_o any_o sea_n be_v find_v to_o decrease_v in_o depth_n it_o be_v a_o likely_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o creek_n bay_fw-mi or_o river_n than_o a_o straight_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n some_o have_v heretofore_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v a_o passage_n by_o the_o north-east_n to_o cathay_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v antony_n jenkinson_n who_o reason_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n which_o i_o brief_o touch_v add_v some_o thing_n of_o my_o own_o as_o i_o find_v occasion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o a_o relation_n of_o tartarian_a who_o report_v that_o in_o hunt_v the_o morse_n he_o sail_v very_o far_o towards_o the_o southeast_n wherein_o he_o find_v no_o end_n which_o may_v give_v a_o likely_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n throughout_o but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o tartarian_n be_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o navigation_n which_o neither_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o chart_fw-la compass_n or_o celestial_a observation_n &_o therefore_o in_o a_o wide_a sea_n know_v not_o how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o north-east_n from_o the_o southeast_n beside_o the_o curious_a search_n of_o this_o long_a passage_n must_v depend_v on_o better_a discovery_n than_o a_o poor_a fisherman_n who_o seldom_o dare_v adventure_v himself_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o fisherman_n judge_v by_o sight_n can_v not_o see_v about_o a_o ken_n at_o sea_n which_o will_v prove_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o so_o long_a a_o distance_n the_o second_o reason_n urge_v by_o mr_n jenkinson_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o vnicorne_n horn_n find_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o tartary_n which_o can_v not_o come_v say_v he_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v then_o with_o the_o tide_n in_o some_o straight_o in_o the_o north-east_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o unicorn_n in_o all_o asia_n save_v in_o iâ—dia_n and_o cataia_n to_o this_o reason_n i_o may_v answer_v with_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n many_o way_n 1_o we_o may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o tartarian_n know_v a_o true_a unicorn_n horn_n or_o no_o 2_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v drive_v so_o far_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v swim_v 3_o the_o tide_n run_v to_o and_o fro_o will_v have_v drive_v it_o as_o far_o back_o with_o the_o ebb_n as_o it_o bring_v it_o forward_o with_o the_o flood_n 4_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v cast_v on_o this_o coast_n may_v be_v the_o horn_n of_o a_o asinus_fw-la indicuâ—_fw-la which_o have_v but_o one_o horn_n like_o a_o unicorn_n in_o his_o forehead_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n in_o all_o the_o north_n part_n as_o in_o lappia_n norvegia_n finmarke_n as_o zeigler_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o scandia_n 5_o last_o there_o be_v a_o fish_n which_o have_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o sore-head_n câ—lled_v the_o sea_n unicorn_n whereof_o martin_n frobisher_n find_v one_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o give_v it_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v put_v into_o her_o wardrobe_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v at_o windsor_n castle_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o three_o and_o strong_a reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o north-east_n passage_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a current_n through_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o such_o swiftness_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o water_n it_o will_v present_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o sight_n to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o this_o strong_a current_n be_v not_o maintain_v by_o any_o tide_n come_v from_o another_o sea_n but_o by_o diverse_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o this_o straight_a in_o like_a sort_n we_o find_v a_o strong_a current_n from_o maeotis_n palus_n by_o pontus_n euxinus_n sinus_n bosphorus_n and_o along_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o greci_fw-la as_o contarenus_n and_o diverse_a other_o affirm_v out_o of_o their_o own_o experience_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n lie_v not_o open_a to_o any_o other_o sea_n but_o be_v maintain_v by_o tanais_n and_o diverse_a other_o river_n so_o in_o this_o north-east_n part_n may_v this_o current_n of_o water_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o river_n duâ—â—a_n ob_fw-la and_o many_o other_o which_o continual_o fall_v into_o it_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o other_o passage_n either_o effect_v or_o attempt_v to_o cathay_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o last_o and_o most_o desire_a and_o seek_v in_o our_o time_n be_v that_o by_o the_o north_n west_n this_o way_n have_v be_v often_o attempt_v as_o by_o cabot_n davis_n frobisher_n hudson_n sr_n thomas_n button_n and_o
other_o but_o as_o yet_o not_o find_v out_o neither_o have_v it_o more_o trouble_v the_o industry_n of_o mariner_n than_o the_o wit_n of_o scholar_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v by_o discourse_n write_v of_o that_o subject_n the_o absolute_a decision_n of_o this_o controversy_n we_o must_v leave_v to_o time_n only_o such_o probability_n as_o i_o chance_v to_o meet_v with_o i_o will_v faithful_o set_v down_o to_o give_v encouragement_n to_o their_o deserve_a labour_n who_o shall_v farther_o attempt_v the_o search_n and_o full_a discovery_n of_o this_o northwest_n passage_n the_o reason_n i_o find_v urge_v i_o may_v well_o reduce_v to_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n and_o opinion_n of_o ancient_a writer_n the_o second_v from_o the_o relation_n and_o discovery_n of_o late_a navigator_n from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o till_o our_o age_n the_o three_o and_o last_o from_o the_o last_o and_o new_a adventure_n of_o man_n of_o our_o time_n either_o late_o dead_a or_o live_a to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o we_o shall_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o plato_n in_o timaeo_n as_o also_o in_o his_o dialogue_n callâ—â—_n critias_n draw_v a_o probable_a argument_n for_o there_o he_o makâ—s_v relation_n of_o a_o incomparable_a great_a island_n name_v atlantis_n of_o large_a extent_n than_o europe_n and_o asia_n which_o be_v situate_a westward_o from_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n and_o navigable_a round_a abouâ—_n the_o prince_n of_o this_o island_n according_a to_o plato_n report_n heretofore_o extend_v their_o government_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o africa_n to_o second_v which_o opinion_n of_o plato_n we_o shall_v read_v in_o marinus_n siouâ—us_o his_o history_n of_o spain_n that_o in_o the_o american_n golden_a mine_n discover_v by_o columbus_n there_o have_v be_v find_v certain_a piece_n of_o coin_n engrave_v with_o the_o name_n and_o image_n of_o augustus_n caesâ—r_n which_o be_v afterward_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n by_o john_n rufus_n archbishop_n of_o consentium_n whence_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v that_o america_n in_o those_o day_n be_v both_o people_v and_o discover_v now_o it_o appear_v again_o noâ—_n only_o by_o plato_n but_o also_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mansilius_fw-la â—icinus_fw-la crantor_n proclus_n and_o philo_n judaeus_fw-la be_v witness_v in_o their_o learned_a commentary_n on_o plato_n that_o this_o island_n call_v atlantis_n some_o 600_o year_n before_o plato_n time_n suffer_v a_o extraordinary_a inundation_n &_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o water_n other_o like_a example_n whereof_o we_o shâ—l_v produce_v many_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a admit_v these_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n whereof_o we_o ought_v to_o cherish_v a_o reverend_a esteem_n these_o consectary_n will_v seem_v to_o offer_v themselves_o by_o way_n of_o necessary_a consequence_n 1_o that_o this_o island_n atlantis_n be_v the_o same_o which_o afterward_o from_o americus_n vesputius_n get_v the_o name_n america_n because_o we_o find_v no_o island_n in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n which_o come_v near_o that_o greatness_n and_o quantity_n assign_v by_o plato_n 2_o that_o this_o atlantis_n or_o america_n in_o those_o day_n at_o least_o be_v a_o island_n because_o they_o report_v it_o to_o be_v navigable_a round_o about_o 3_o it_o must_v stand_v with_o great_a reason_n &_o probability_n that_o this_o land_n be_v a_o island_n before_o plato_n time_n shall_v be_v so_o still_o if_o at_o least_o it_o come_v not_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o island_n at_o this_o day_n than_o before_o for_o either_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o overflow_a of_o this_o land_n be_v true_a or_o false_a if_o at_o all_o deserve_v credit_n more_o reason_n be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v navigable_a round_o about_o then_o before_o insomuch_o that_o the_o water_n in_o this_o manner_n swell_v high_a will_v soon_o fret_v through_o and_o cause_v a_o passage_n then_o make_v a_o stoppage_n 4_o this_o passage_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v towards_o the_o northwest_n where_o america_n be_v divide_v from_o asia_n by_o the_o streite_n of_o aâ—ian_n which_o opinion_n seem_v better_a warrant_v forasmuch_o as_o we_o find_v it_o second_v by_o the_o description_n of_o many_o geographer_n of_o great_a name_n and_o authority_n as_o gemma_fw-la frisâ—us_fw-la munster_n appian_n hunâ—erus_n guicciardine_n michael_n tramasiâ—us_n franciscus_n demongenitus_n bernardus_n puteanus_n andrea_n vanasor_n tramontanus_n peter_n martyr_n and_o ortelius_n in_o his_o general_a map_n who_o all_o have_v describe_v america_n as_o a_o exact_a island_n set_v down_o all_o the_o coast_n and_o country_n on_o the_o northwest_n sea_n of_o america_n from_o hoche-laga_a as_o far_o as_o gape_v haremantia_n all_o these_o learned_a man_n have_v with_o one_o voice_n describe_v or_o report_v america_n for_o a_o island_n he_o shall_v show_v but_o a_o slender_a esteem_n of_o antiquity_n or_o favour_n of_o too_o much_o selfe-conceite_n who_o shall_v offer_v to_o contradict_v this_o first_o argument_n i_o confess_v spin_a out_o into_o so_o many_o circumstance_n seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o truth_n but_o upon_o sound_a examination_n will_v be_v find_v very_o defective_a and_o uncertain_a carry_v more_o probability_n in_o the_o conclusion_n than_o the_o premise_n daâ—e_n to_o justify_v how_o many_o paralogisme_n and_o uncertain_a ground_n be_v involve_v in_o this_o reason_n let_v my_o ingenious_a reader_n judge_v 1_o whether_o plato_n report_n of_o this_o atlantis_n be_v a_o true_a relation_n ground_v on_o experience_n and_o observation_n or_o a_o pleasant_a fiction_n derive_v from_o the_o poet_n of_o that_o time_n wherewith_o the_o grecia_n learning_n be_v much_o infect_v 2_o how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v think_v probable_a that_o plato_n in_o those_o day_n shall_v be_v so_o exact_a in_o delineat_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o new-world_n who_o be_v so_o ignorant_a in_o the_o old_a as_o to_o think_v europe_n and_o asia_n to_o be_v inferior_a in_o greatness_n to_o america_n which_o notwithstanding_o he_o think_v to_o be_v a_o island_n 3_o how_o shall_v so_o famous_a a_o king_n as_o atlas_n stretch_v his_o monarchy_n as_o the_o author_n of_o this_o reason_n report_n from_o america_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o africa_n in_o that_o vast_a gulf_n of_o time_n slip_n away_z with_o so_o slight_a a_o mention_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o atlas_n i_o make_v no_o question_n upon_o who_o fame_n and_o greatness_n the_o poet_n ground_v that_o fiction_n of_o raise_v up_o the_o vault_n of_o heaven_n with_o his_o shoulder_n but_o whether_o this_o atlas_n ever_o see_v america_n my_o reader_n must_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o doubt_n the_o ignorance_n of_o navigation_n in_o those_o time_n wherein_o occasion_n have_v not_o bring_v to_o light_v the_o chart_n &_o compass_n together_o with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n will_v speak_v my_o apology_n 4_o the_o find_n of_o coin_n grave_v with_o the_o image_n and_o inscription_n of_o augustus_n caesar_n in_o the_o american_n mine_n seem_v to_o i_o more_o ridiculous_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o find_v the_o act_n and_o conquest_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n in_o europe_n and_o asia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o africa_n particular_o set_v down_o by_o the_o grave_a writer_n of_o that_o time_n we_o find_v augustus_n caesar_n for_o some_o petty_a conquest_n against_o barbarous_a people_n emblason_v by_o the_o poet_n of_o that_o time_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o their_o invention_n we_o may_v observe_v the_o age_n wherein_o augustus_n live_v to_o be_v the_o flourish_n and_o pride_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a learning_n and_o himself_o the_o idol_n and_o subject_n of_o most_o of_o their_o poetical_a flattery_n have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v invest_v in_o the_o empire_n in_o such_o a_o time_n wherein_o the_o roman_a monarchy_n have_v be_v too_o much_o wound_v with_o a_o civil_a dissension_n be_v willing_a to_o admire_v her_o worst_a physician_n and_o can_v any_o man_n be_v so_o senseless_a to_o imagine_v that_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o golden_a world_n shall_v pass_v away_o cloud_v in_o such_o a_o flatter_a age_n without_o any_o mention_n can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n be_v register_v to_o teach_v posterity_n the_o way_n to_o so_o rich_a a_o empire_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o can_v ascribe_v this_o if_o the_o history_n deserve_v credit_n to_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o pride_n and_o imposture_n of_o the_o spaniard_n who_o we_o observe_v in_o all_o relation_n to_o be_v a_o most_o ingrateful_a nation_n who_o admire_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o greatness_n have_v requite_v their_o best_a deserve_a benefactor_n with_o disgrace_n and_o obloquy_n strive_v to_o raze_v out_o their_o name_n and_o memory_n to_o who_o they_o owe_v the_o great_a glory_n columbus_n be_v a_o florentine_a and_o no_o
sudden_o a_o great_a flood_n of_o water_n bring_v out_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o creature_n and_o fish_n of_o which_o be_v fat_v under_o the_o earth_n whosoever_o chance_v to_o eat_v die_v present_o the_o like_a be_v report_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n at_o a_o certain_a city_n of_o phrygia_n name_v apamea_n there_o spring_v up_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n many_o new_a lake_n fountain_n brook_n and_o that_o one_o river_n spring_v up_o very_a salt_n which_o bring_v up_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oyster_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n although_o the_o city_n apamea_n be_v very_o far_o off_o from_o the_o sea_n this_o be_v report_v by_o nicolaus_n damascene_fw-la also_o cardinal_n contarenus_n testify_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o element_n that_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n be_v in_o valentia_n in_o spain_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a inundation_n of_o water_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v towards_o the_o city_n have_v well_o near_o turn_v it_o into_o the_o sea_n have_v not_o the_o gate_n be_v shut_v and_o dam_n well_o order_v why_o this_o sudden_a change_n shall_v sometime_o happen_v many_o reason_n may_v be_v produce_v the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v because_o of_o some_o sudden_a ruin_n or_o fall_v down_o of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n be_v one_o way_n stop_v must_v needs_o seek_v out_o a_o passage_n some_o other_o way_n this_o sometime_o happen_v in_o great_a earthquake_n as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o theophrastus_n that_o in_o the_o mountain_n coricus_n after_o a_o earthquake_n many_o new_a spring_n and_o fountain_n discover_v themselves_o another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v give_v from_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o oftentimes_o stop_v and_o hinder_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o the_o water_n enforce_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o new_a passage_n hence_o the_o foresay_a theophrastus_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o in_o a_o city_n of_o crete_n the_o fountain_n be_v stop_v up_o because_o the_o inhabitant_n betake_v themselves_o to_o another_o place_n so_o that_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o so_o much_o shake_v and_o move_v as_o before_o a_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o waste_n or_o cut_v down_o of_o great_a wood_n on_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o plant_n to_o suck_v to_o themselves_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o ground_n into_o one_o place_n but_o these_o tree_n cut_v down_o or_o remove_v the_o water_n course_n must_v needs_o be_v alter_v 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o this_o be_v confirm_v by_o many_o historical_a instance_n as_o of_o the_o river_n timanus_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o aquilia_n of_o erasenus_fw-la in_o argolica_fw-la padus_n in_o the_o alps_n more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o of_o the_o river_n guadiava_fw-fr in_o spain_n which_o run_v under_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 13_o league_n and_o near_o to_o a_o town_n call_v villa_n horta_n break_v up_o again_o the_o like_a be_v record_v of_o eurotaâ—_n in_o arcadia_n which_o be_v say_v to_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lacedamon_n so_o cadmus_n asia_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o a_o hole_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o far_o from_o laodicea_n so_o pirate_n in_o catonia_n licus_n in_o libanon_n orontes_n in_o syria_n other_o river_n be_v think_v to_o have_v find_v a_o secret_a passage_n under_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o as_o a_o river_n have_v his_o fountain_n in_o the_o mountain_n meiaâ—es_v which_o be_v convey_v in_o a_o blind_a channel_n under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v forth_o again_o at_o the_o port_n of_o pâ—normus_n so_o other_o report_n of_o alpheus_n which_o be_v drown_v underground_o near_o the_o peloponnesian_a shore_n take_v a_o large_a journey_n under_o the_o sea_n till_o it_o arrive_v at_o syracuse_n where_o it_o end_v in_o arethuse_n which_o bring_v forth_o they_o say_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n which_o be_v much_o like_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o well_o of_o aesculapius_n in_o athens_n wherein_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v they_o be_v render_v again_o in_o phalericus_fw-la but_o this_o last_o i_o rather_o hold_v as_o a_o poetical_a fiction_n than_o a_o true_a history_n some_o river_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o whole_o drown_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o for_o some_o part_n aâ—_n a_o part_n of_o the_o rhâ—nâ—_n which_o be_v hide_v about_o four_o thousand_o pace_n from_o the_o city_n cauba_n and_o show_v itself_o again_o before_o it_o come_v to_o bonna_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o part_n of_o danuâ—ius_n which_o hide_v itself_o about_o greina_fw-la a_o town_n of_o panonia_n superior_a some_o river_n there_o be_v again_o which_o be_v not_o drink_v up_o immediate_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o of_o certain_a great_a lake_n into_o which_o they_o fall_v as_o jordan_n of_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n some_o lake_n again_o have_v swallow_v up_o river_n as_o it_o be_v vomit_v they_o forth_o again_o as_o rubresius_fw-la cast_v out_o araâ—e_a in_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n and_o so_o lemanus_n the_o river_n rhodanus_n in_o the_o same_o province_n also_o in_o italy_n lorus_n cast_v out_o abdua_n eupilus_fw-la lambre_n fucinus_n marcia_n 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a enough_o out_o of_o diverse_a instance_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o the_o world_n for_o all_o geographer_n will_v give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o river_n indus_n in_o iâ—dia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mountain_n caâ—casus_n tanais_n from_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n in_o sarmaâ—ia_n araxis_fw-la from_o panardes_n in_o armenia_n po_n from_o the_o vesusian_a hill_n in_o liguria_n danubius_n from_o arnobia_n in_o germany_n exesus_fw-la in_o norico_fw-la from_o the_o mountain_n elachia_n isara_n from_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n towards_o france_n and_o durias_n towards_o italy_n from_o thence_o so_o from_o the_o herminian_n mountain_n in_o portugal_n be_v derive_v three_o great_a river_n so_o nilus_n in_o africa_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n these_o river_n thus_o rise_v be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n for_o some_o have_v visible_a apparent_a spring_n and_o fountain_n other_o be_v derive_v from_o lake_n out_o of_o which_o they_o run_v as_o alba_n in_o prusia_n out_o of_o elbinga_n medoarus_fw-la &_o oxus_n out_o of_o two_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n near_o the_o alps_n rindacus_n from_o artinia_n a_o pool_n beside_o melitopolis_n the_o reason_n why_o river_n shall_v be_v engender_v in_o mountain_n and_o such_o high_a place_n may_v be_v give_v because_o they_o be_v make_v as_o we_o show_v before_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o subterranean_a fire_n rarify_n and_o attenuate_v the_o water_n and_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o high_a place_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o effectual_a then_o in_o low_a now_o for_o the_o second_o part_n it_o be_v plain_a to_o prove_v that_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n either_o make_v a_o passage_n from_o their_o fountain_n on_o the_o land_n towards_o the_o sea_n shore_n as_o nilus_n and_o danubius_n with_o other_o river_n or_o by_o disburthen_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n wherein_o they_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o 60_o great_a navigable_a river_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o danubius_n or_o at_o least_o be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o reduce_v again_o to_o their_o first_o mother_n which_o we_o may_v imagine_v of_o the_o river_n forspeak_v of_o drink_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n although_o all_o river_n as_o we_o show_v fall_n into_o the_o sea_n yet_o not_o all_o in_o one_o &_o the_o selfsame_o fashion_n if_o we_o respect_v their_o passage_n on_o the_o land_n for_o some_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o one_o oâ—tium_fw-la or_o mouth_n whereof_o we_o have_v two_o notable_a example_n the_o first_o of_o a_o great_a river_n in_o brasill_n call_v rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o mouth_n of_o 40_o league_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o the_o mariner_n may_v â—hence_o draw_v fresh_a water_n before_o they_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o land_n the_o other_o not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o run_v by_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n &_o angolo_n which_o be_v six_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o pace_n broad_a where_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v carry_v with_o such_o a_o force_n that_o it_o sever_v the_o
helicâ—_n and_o bura_n before_o mention_v in_o the_o corinthian_a strait_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o whole_a mediterranean_a within_o hercules_n pillar_n be_v in_o time_n past_o habitable_a land_n till_o it_o give_v way_n to_o the_o violency_n of_o the_o sea_n invasion_n but_o in_o this_o i_o credit_v nothing_o without_o far_a ground_n the_o like_a uncertainty_n be_v also_o relate_v of_o the_o atlantic_a land_n great_a than_o all_o africa_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o ocean_n which_o columbus_n be_v say_v in_o a_o sort_n to_o have_v discover_v in_o the_o sea_n find_v a_o great_a shallow_a fraught_n with_o weed_n where_o he_o suppose_v this_o great_a island_n to_o have_v stand_v but_o i_o rather_o believe_v that_o this_o atlantic_a island_n speak_v of_o by_o plato_n be_v either_o a_o poetical_a fiction_n as_o moor_n utopia_n with_o we_o or_o at_o least_o the_o continent_n of_o america_n perhaps_o in_o those_o day_n obscure_o discover_v but_o the_o discovery_n lose_v again_o to_o after_o age_n 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n which_o common_o happen_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n in_o the_o summer_n without_o the_o tropic_n in_o the_o winter_n the_o former_a clause_n be_v prove_v by_o experience_n almost_o in_o all_o great_a river_n in_o the_o world_n which_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n swell_v high_o overflow_a their_o bank_n and_o drown_v a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n about_o they_o but_o this_o happen_v not_o alike_o in_o all_o place_n for_o in_o rivers_n include_v within_o the_o tropic_n as_o nilus_n &_o niger_n in_o africa_n and_o oregliana_n in_o america_n with_o other_o thereabout_a this_o anniversary_n inundation_n be_v in_o the_o summer_n elsewhere_o it_o be_v common_o in_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o former_a these_o cause_n may_v be_v assign_v 1_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a mountain_n in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v great_a of_o all_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_a or_o vertical_a unto_o they_o which_o we_o be_v to_o account_v their_o summer_n 2_o the_o daily_a reins_n &_o shower_n such_o region_n be_v subject_a unto_o these_o shower_n be_v much_o more_o frequent_a &_o great_a when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o their_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o it_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o show_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o sun_n daily_o in_o those_o part_n draw_v up_o more_o vapour_n than_o he_o can_v dissipate_v &_o consume_v whence_o meeting_n with_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v condensated_a into_o drop_n &_o so_o turn_v into_o rain_n for_o the_o late_a case_n in_o river_n situate_v without_o the_o tropic_n common_o happen_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o inundation_n happen_v rather_o in_o the_o winter_n then_o in_o the_o summer_n whereof_o these_o reason_n may_v be_v render_v 1_o because_o rain_n and_o shower_n whereof_o such_o overflow_a be_v engender_v in_o those_o part_n be_v more_o frequent_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o the_o summer_n 2_o whereas_o near_o the_o equatour_n the_o snow_n be_v know_v to_o melt_v with_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n in_o other_o part_n it_o seldom_o or_o never_o melt_v at_o all_o as_o may_v be_v think_v under_o the_o pole_n or_o thereabouts_o or_o else_o if_o it_o melt_v it_o happen_v as_o in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n we_o see_v it_o do_v often_o by_o rain_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n 4_o next_o be_v we_o to_o speak_v of_o earthquake_n a_o earthquake_n be_v a_o sensible_a motion_n and_o shake_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n among_o other_o remarkable_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n which_o be_v not_o so_o ordinary_a a_o earthquake_n have_v no_o small_a consideration_n be_v oftentimes_o a_o mean_n which_o god_n use_v to_o show_v some_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a judgement_n but_o not_o to_o spend_v more_o on_o this_o subject_n than_o may_v seem_v meet_a for_o geography_n we_o will_v show_v the_o cause_n and_o kind_n of_o it_o by_o which_o we_o may_v the_o soon_o come_v to_o learn_v what_o region_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o subject_a to_o this_o affection_n which_o be_v necessary_a of_o a_o cosmographer_n to_o be_v know_v concern_v the_o cauâ—es_n of_o it_o much_o dispute_n have_v be_v among_o philosopher_n some_o have_v ridiculous_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n and_o suppose_v with_o no_o less_o if_o not_o great_a absurdity_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o good_a temper_n do_v rest_n &_o settle_v quiet_o according_a to_o her_o natural_a disposition_n from_o which_o temper_n if_o she_o be_v any_o way_n remove_v as_o if_o she_o be_v sick_a or_o pain_v in_o some_o part_n she_o shake_v and_o shiver_n the_o relation_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o sufficient_a confutation_n thales_n milesius_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n as_o a_o ship_n to_o swim_v on_o the_o water_n which_o be_v sometime_o as_o a_o vessel_n by_o tempest_n turn_v on_o one_o side_n too_o much_o it_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o earthquake_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n little_o more_o probable_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o democritus_n that_o the_o earth_n drink_v in_o rain_n water_n more_o than_o her_o cavern_n can_v well_o contain_v the_o water_n reverberate_v back_o be_v cause_n of_o such_o a_o motion_n but_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v into_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v reverberate_v back_o with_o such_o violence_n to_o cause_v such_o a_o extraordinary_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n anaximenes_n milesius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o earth_n herself_o be_v cause_n of_o she_o own_o motion_n for_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v take_v out_o as_o it_o be_v and_o break_v fall_v down_o sometime_o into_o a_o great_a depth_n cause_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o it_o to_o shake_v and_o tremble_v to_o which_o opinion_n also_o seneca_n seem_v to_o subscribe_v in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a question_n the_o 10_o chapter_n to_o which_o also_o accord_v the_o philosophical_a poet_n lucretius_n in_o these_o word_n terra_fw-la superna_fw-la tremit_fw-la magnis_fw-la concussa_fw-la ruinis_fw-la subter_fw-la ubi_fw-la ingentes_fw-la speluncas_fw-la subruit_fw-la aetas_fw-la quip_n cadunt_fw-la toti_fw-la montes_fw-la magnoque_fw-la repentè_fw-fr concussu_fw-la laâ—è_fw-la dispergunt_fw-la inde_fw-la tremores_fw-la et_fw-la meritò_fw-la quoniam_fw-la plaustris_fw-la concussu_fw-la tremiscunt_fw-la tecta_fw-la viam_fw-la propter_fw-la non_fw-la magno_fw-la pondere_fw-la tota_fw-la the_o upper_a earth_n seize_v with_o great_a ruin_n shake_v when_o surrowed_a age_n her_o vast_a rib_n overtake_v for_o mountain_n great_a fall_n down_o and_o with_o the_o blow_n the_o tremble_n be_v disperse_v to_o and_o fro_o not_o without_o reason_n when_o a_o small-sized_a wain_n make_v house_n near_o the_o way_n to_o shake_v amain_o this_o last_o opinion_n seem_v to_o carry_v more_o show_n ofprobability_n then_o the_o former_a neither_o can_v any_o man_n deny_v that_o sometime_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o part_n may_v shake_v by_o the_o break_n down_o of_o some_o subterranean_a part_n who_o sudden_a and_o violent_a motion_n may_v cause_v the_o rest_n be_v continuate_a to_o entertain_v the_o like_a convulsion_n but_o yet_o more_o general_a seem_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n who_o will_v have_v earthquake_n to_o proceed_v from_o a_o spirit_n or_o vapour_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o testify_v in_o the_o 2_o of_o his_o meteor_n the_o 7_o chapter_n for_o this_o vapour_n find_v no_o way_n to_o pass_v out_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v back_o and_o batter_v any_o passage_n out_o seek_v every_o corner_n and_o while_o it_o labour_v to_o break_v open_a some_o place_n for_o go_v forth_o it_o make_v a_o tumultuous_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o earthquake_n now_o lest_o it_o shall_v seem_v improbable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o mass_n of_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v and_o shake_v by_o so_o thin_a and_o rarefy_a a_o body_n as_o be_v a_o fume_n or_o vapour_n aristotle_n in_o the_o same_o place_n show_v the_o admirable_a force_n of_o wind_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o air_n as_o on_o the_o body_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o air_n because_o experience_n show_v that_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o a_o windy_a vapour_n it_o sometime_o be_v know_v to_o move_v rock_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o to_o pluck_v up_o tree_n and_o shrubb_n by_o the_o root_n and_o sometime_o to_o throw_v down_o the_o strong_a and_o most_o stately_a building_n in_o man_n body_n because_o by_o the_o stir_v up_o and_o agitation_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o vital_a and_o animal_n function_n sometime_o one_o sick_a man_n can_v do_v that_o which_o can_v
invasion_n on_o their_o enemy_n hence_o bodin_n will_v make_v a_o certain_a harmony_n betwixt_o the_o mountain_n people_n and_o the_o northern_a esteem_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o alps_n the_o pyraenean_n the_o acroceraunij_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n of_o haemus_n carpathus_n olympus_n taurus_n stella_n caucasus_n imaeus_n with_o diverse_a other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n albeit_o situate_v in_o the_o temperate_a part_n to_o be_v account_v northern_a people_n as_o also_o far_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o aâ—las_n of_o the_o arabian_a mountain_n of_o pirus_n and_o seraleona_n be_v as_o it_o be_v by_o he_o except_v from_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o high_a and_o mountainous_a situation_n which_o recompense_v the_o other_o and_o challenge_v asmuch_o cold_a as_o by_o the_o heaven_n it_o shall_v seem_v to_o receive_v heat_n this_o conceit_n of_o a_o mounseur_fw-fr bodin_n i_o admit_v without_o any_o great_a contradiction_n be_v he_o not_o over_o peremptory_a in_o overmuch_o censure_v all_o mountainous_a people_n of_o blockishness_n and_o barbarism_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o auerroes_n a_o great_a writer_n who_o find_v these_o people_n near_o heaven_n suspect_v in_o they_o a_o more_o heavenly_a nature_n neither_o want_v their_o many_o reason_n draw_v from_o nature_n and_o experiment_n to_o prove_v mountainous_a people_n to_o be_v more_o pregnant_a in_o wit_n and_o gift_n of_o understanding_n than_o other_o inhabit_v low_a and_o plain_a country_n for_o howsoever_o wit_n and_o valour_n be_v many_o time_n divide_v as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a people_n yet_o be_v they_o never_o so_o much_o at_o variance_n but_o they_o will_v sometime_o meet_v first_o therefore_o what_o can_v speak_v more_o for_o the_o witty_a temper_n of_o the_o mountain_n people_n than_o their_o clear_a and_o subtle_a air_n be_v far_o more_o purge_v and_o rarify_v then_o that_o in_o low_a country_n for_o hold_v the_o vital_a spirit_n to_o be_v the_o chief_a instrument_n in_o the_o soul_n operation_n no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o they_o sympathrize_v especial_o with_o the_o air_n their_o chief_a foment_n every_o man_n may_v by_o experience_n find_v his_o intellectual_a operation_n more_o vigorous_a in_o a_o clear_a day_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n most_o dull_a and_o heavy_a when_o the_o air_n be_v any_o way_n affect_v with_o foggy_a vapour_n what_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o in_o the_o same_o place_n at_o diverse_a season_n may_v we_o much_o more_o expect_v of_o place_n diverse_o affect_v in_o constitution_n a_o second_o reason_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o our_o assertion_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o thin_a and_o spare_a diet_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o other_o forpeople_v live_v on_o plain_n have_v common_o all_o commodity_n in_o such_o plenty_n that_o they_o be_v much_o subject_n to_o surfeit_v and_o luxury_n the_o great_a enemy_n and_o underminer_n of_o all_o intellectual_a operation_n for_o a_o fat-bel_o common_o beget_v a_o gross_a head_n and_o a_o lean_a brain_n but_o want_v and_o scarcity_n the_o mother_n of_o frugality_n invite_v the_o mountain_n dweller_n to_o a_o more_o spare_v and_o wholesome_a diet_n neither_o grow_v this_o convenience_n only_o out_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o viand_n but_o also_o out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o diet_n bird_n fowl_n and_o beast_n which_o be_v breed_v upon_o high_a place_n be_v esteem_v of_o a_o more_o clean_o and_o wholesome_a feed_n than_o other_o live_v in_o fen_n and_o foggy_a place_n and_o how_o far_o the_o quality_n of_o our_o diet_n prevail_v in_o the_o alteration_n of_o our_o organ_n and_o disposition_n every_o naturalist_n will_v easy_o resolve_v us._n a_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o cold_a air_n of_o these_o mountainous_a region_n which_o by_o a_o antiperistasis_n keep_v in_o and_o strengthen_v the_o internal_a heat_n the_o chief_a instrument_n in_o natural_a and_o vital_a operation_n for_o who_o perceive_v not_o his_o vital_a and_o by_o consequence_n his_o intellectual_a part_n in_o cold_a frosty_a weather_n to_o be_v more_o strong_a and_o vigorous_a then_o in_o hot_a and_o sultry_a season_n wherein_o the_o spirit_n be_v more_o diffuse_v and_o weaken_v this_o disparity_n in_o the_o same_o region_n at_o diverse_a time_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n may_v easy_o declare_v the_o disparity_n of_o diverse_a region_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n diverse_o affect_v a_o four_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o customary_a hardness_n whereunto_o such_o people_n inure_v themselves_o from_o their_o infancy_n which_o as_o huartus_n prove_v beget_v a_o better_a temper_n of_o the_o brain_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o wit_n and_o understanding_n which_o we_o happen_v to_o find_v clean_o otherwise_o with_o they_o who_o have_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o delicatenesse_n these_o reason_n perhaps_o will_v seem_v only_o probable_a and_o of_o no_o great_a moment_n be_v they_o not_o strengthen_v with_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a observation_n have_v not_o the_o helvetian_n situate_v among_o the_o mountain_n give_v sufficient_a testimony_n especial_o in_o the_o infancy_n of_o our_o reformation_n have_v not_o the_o suevians_n and_o silesian_n show_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o wipe_v off_o the_o blot_n of_o a_o blockish_a disposition_n yet_o have_v a_o situation_n wild_a and_o mountainous_a have_v that_o great_a doctor_n reuâ—lin_n judge_v well_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o people_n he_o will_v not_o have_v make_v it_o so_o great_a a_o wonder_n as_o he_o do_v that_o wild_a suevia_n shall_v produce_v such_o learned_a men._n foreign_a influence_n elsewhere_o wherein_o all_o history_n abound_v i_o forbear_v to_o relate_v desirous_a rather_o to_o be_v account_v deficient_a then_o tedious_a shall_v i_o draw_v home_o to_o my_o native_a western_a confine_n to_o which_o i_o owe_v my_o breath_n i_o shall_v perhaps_o by_o some_o be_v tax_v of_o partiality_n or_o affectation_n shall_v i_o mention_v our_o ancient_a briton_n inhabit_v the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wales_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o scottish_a nation_n enjoy_v the_o like_a condition_n of_o life_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n i_o may_v at_o once_o win_v love_n and_o stir_v up_o envy_n nevertheless_o as_o a_o man_n by_o nature_n bear_v careless_a of_o detraction_n yet_o most_o respective_a of_o friendship_n i_o have_v rather_o venture_v my_o credit_n than_o prejudice_n the_o truth_n betwixt_o both_o which_o with_o i_o the_o choice_n be_v easy_a i_o own_o country_n of_o devon_n which_o duty_n command_v i_o to_o make_v the_o first_o instance_n i_o have_v rather_o set_v on_o the_o stage_n of_o envy_n then_o dishonour_v i_o be_o not_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vainglorious_a greek_n who_o boast_v too_o much_o of_o their_o own_o perfection_n esteem_v all_o nation_n else_o barbarian_n yet_o to_o check_v mr_n bodins_n bold_a conjecture_n out_o of_o which_o he_o can_v find_v but_o one_o anacharsis_n in_o all_o scythia_n i_o will_v demonstrate_v that_o our_o mountainous_a province_n of_o devon_n and_o cornwall_n have_v not_o deserve_v so_o ill_o as_o to_o be_v so_o sharp_o censure_v for_o blockishness_n or_o incivility_n barren_a country_n have_v be_v know_v to_o nourish_v as_o good_a wit_n as_o bodin_n aristippus_n the_o philosopher_n callimachus_n the_o poet_n eratosthenes_n the_o mathematician_n have_v not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o call_v cyrene_n in_o egypt_n their_o native_a country_n a_o mountainous_a and_o rocky_a region_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v style_v our_o reproach_n but_o glory_n to_o draw_v our_o offspring_n from_o such_o a_o air_n which_o produce_v wit_n as_o eminent_a as_o the_o mountain_n approach_v far_o near_a to_o heaven_n in_o excellency_n than_o the_o other_o in_o height_n transcend_v the_o valley_n wherein_o can_v any_o province_n of_o great_a britain_n challenge_v precedency_n before_o we_o shall_v any_o deny_v we_o the_o reputation_n of_o art_n and_o learning_n the_o pious_a ghost_n of_o jewel_n raynolds_n and_o hoâ—ker_n will_v rise_v up_o in_o opposition_n who_o the_o world_n know_v so_o valiant_o to_o have_v display_v their_o banner_n in_o defence_n of_o our_o church_n and_o religion_n shall_v they_o exclude_v we_o from_o the_o reputation_n of_o knowledge_n in_o state_n and_o politic_a affair_n who_o have_v not_o acquaint_v himself_o with_o the_o name_n of_o s_o â—_o william_n petre_n our_o famous_a benefactor_n who_o desert_n choose_v he_o chief_a secretary_n to_o three_o prince_n of_o famous_a memory_n who_o have_v not_o know_v or_o read_v of_o that_o prodigy_n of_o wit_n and_o fortune_n s_o â—_o walter_n raleigh_n a_o man_n unfortunate_a in_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o wit_n and_o advancement_n who_o eminent_a worth_n be_v such_o both_o in_o domestic_a policy_n foreign_a expedition_n and_o discovery_n art_n and_o literature_n both_o practice_n and_o contemplative_a which_o may_v seem_v at_o once_o to_o
time_n or_o incertainty_n of_o tradition_n neglect_v and_o obliterated_a they_o fall_v back_o into_o such_o way_n as_o their_o own_o deprave_a nature_n dictate_v or_o the_o devil_n malicious_o suggest_v 2_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v moâ—e_n wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preseruation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a as_o discipline_n have_v be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o establishment_n of_o all_o state_n so_o have_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v occasion_n to_o soften_v and_o weaken_v the_o courage_n of_o many_o nation_n for_o it_o have_v be_v many_o time_n see_v that_o such_o people_n who_o have_v be_v commend_v for_o wit_n have_v yield_v to_o such_o who_o be_v of_o a_o rude_a disposition_n as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o greek_n and_o macedon_n to_o the_o turk_n the_o ancient_a gaul_n to_o the_o french_a the_o egyptian_n to_o the_o persian_n the_o chaldean_n to_o the_o saracen_n hence_o some_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o french_a do_v invade_v and_o run_v over_o italy_n without_o control_v under_o charles_n the_o 5_o because_o the_o italian_a prince_n at_o that_o time_n be_v give_v to_o study_v and_o learning_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a courage_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o time_n that_o they_o grow_v more_o civil_a and_o more_o strict_o embrace_a discipline_n and_o this_o some_o think_v to_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a to_o conquer_v the_o persian_a monarchy_n the_o persian_n have_v be_v before_o reduce_v to_o civility_n and_o lose_v their_o hardness_n and_o we_o daily_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o no_o man_n be_v more_o desperate_a and_o adventurous_a then_o those_o which_o be_v rude_a and_o barbarous_a want_v all_o good_a manner_n and_o education_n none_o more_o fearful_a and_o many_o time_n more_o cowardlike_a than_o such_o as_o be_v most_o wise_a and_o politic_a a_o example_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v in_o aiax_n of_o the_o other_o in_o ulysses_n whereupon_o the_o wise_a lâ—aders_n and_o commander_n have_v not_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o valiant_a a_o certain_a english_a gentleman_n write_v military_a observation_n affirm_v the_o french_a nobility_n to_o be_v more_o valorous_a and_o courageous_a than_o the_o english_a because_o of_o the_o looseness_n of_o their_o discipline_n and_o the_o strictness_n of_o we_o but_o i_o will_v neither_o grant_v he_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v i_o aver_v their_o courage_n to_o be_v great_a or_o our_o discipline_n strict_a if_o their_o valour_n be_v more_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v their_o wit_n be_v less_o out_o of_o this_o ground_n but_o how_o soever_o it_o be_v i_o be_o sure_a that_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n give_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a stature_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o german_n to_o be_v their_o looseness_n and_o liberty_n which_o howbeit_o it_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a cause_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o great_a help_n for_o we_o plain_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o those_o country_n which_o be_v most_o mountainous_a where_o be_v less_o discipline_n be_v find_v to_o produce_v man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n most_o warlike_a such_o as_o the_o suitzer_n in_o germany_n and_o biscaynâ—s_n and_o arragonian_n in_o spainâ—_n whence_o as_o some_o observe_v such_o country_n as_o be_v partly_o mountainous_a partly_o plain_o be_v seldom_o at_o quiet_a the_o one_o part_n willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o government_n the_o other_o affect_v war_n and_o rebellion_n which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o trouble_n of_o naples_n and_o in_o england_n before_o henry_n the_o eight_n time_n betwixt_o the_o welsh_a and_o english_a why_o discipline_n shall_v in_o this_o sort_n mollify_v and_o weaken_v the_o courage_n of_o man_n many_o cause_n may_v be_v give_v the_o first_o and_o great_a be_v religion_n than_o the_o which_o there_o be_v no_o great_a curb_n to_o the_o courage_n not_o mere_o of_o itself_o but_o by_o accident_n because_o death_n be_v the_o great_a hazard_n of_o a_o soldier_n religion_n give_v a_o more_o evident_a apprehension_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o set_v before_o the_o eye_n of_o his_o understanding_n as_o it_o be_v the_o image_n of_o hell-paine_n and_o celestial_a joy_n weigh_v in_o a_o equal_a scale_n the_o danger_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o whereas_o ignorant_a people_n want_v all_o sense_n of_o religion_n light_o esteem_v of_o either_o hold_v a_o temporal_a death_n the_o great_a danger_n whence_o grow_v the_o usual_a proverb_n among_o profane_a ruffian_n that_o conscience_n make_v coward_n but_o this_o as_o i_o say_v be_v mere_o accidental_a for_o as_o much_o as_o nothing_o spur_v on_o a_o true_a resolution_n more_o than_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o a_o true_a touch_n of_o religion_n witness_v the_o holy_a martyr_n of_o the_o church_n of_o all_o age_n who_o valour_n and_o constancy_n have_v outgo_v all_o heathen_a precedent_n but_o because_o soldier_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o most_o dissolute_a kind_n of_o people_n have_v either_o a_o false_a religion_n which_o can_v suggest_v no_o settle_a resolution_n or_o a_o ill_a conscience_n ground_v upon_o no_o assurance_n religion_n must_v needs_o beget_v in_o they_o a_o more_o fearful_a disposition_n another_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o severity_n of_o discipline_n which_o especial_o in_o the_o train_n up_o of_o youth_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o slavery_n without_o which_o our_o young_a year_n be_v very_o untractable_a to_o taste_v the_o bitter_a root_n of_o knowledge_n this_o fear_n as_o it_o be_v stamp_v in_o our_o affection_n can_v but_o leave_v behind_o it_o a_o continual_a impression_n which_o can_v sudden_o be_v raze_v out_o such_o as_o we_o find_v in_o we_o of_o our_o master_n and_o teacher_n who_o friendship_n we_o rather_o embrace_v than_o familiarity_n a_o three_o reason_n why_o discipline_n will_v weaken_v and_o mollify_v a_o nation_n may_v be_v the_o delight_n which_o man_n reap_v in_o contemplative_a study_n and_o moral_a or_o politic_a duty_n whence_o follow_v a_o neglect_n of_o the_o other_o for_o people_n of_o knowledge_n must_v needs_o find_v a_o great_a felicity_n in_o gift_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v usual_o second_v with_o a_o contempt_n of_o external_a and_o military_a affair_n the_o last_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o want_n of_o use_n and_o practice_v of_o military_a affair_n in_o most_o commonwealth_n for_o many_o state_n well_o establish_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n without_o war_n neither_o molest_v their_o neighbour_n nor_o dissent_v among_o themselves_o except_o very_o seldom_o and_o that_o by_o a_o small_a army_n without_o trouble_v the_o whole_a state_n whence_o the_o general_a practice_n be_v less_o know_v become_v more_o fearful_a notwithstanding_o all_o this_o it_o be_v brutish_a to_o imagine_v discipline_n any_o way_n unnecessary_a or_o hurtful_a either_o to_o a_o captain_n or_o statesman_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o more_o strengthen_v the_o wit_n than_o abate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o nation_n neither_o be_v it_o proper_o say_v to_o break_v and_o weaken_v but_o rather_o to_o temper_v and_o regulate_v our_o spirit_n for_o it_o be_v not_o valour_n but_o rather_o rashness_n or_o fierceness_n which_o be_v not_o manage_v with_o policy_n and_o discretion_n and_o although_o it_o have_v sometime_o be_v attend_v with_o notable_a exploit_n as_o that_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a of_o the_o goth_n the_o ancient_a gaul_n and_o many_o other_o yet_o shall_v we_o observe_v such_o conquest_n to_o be_v of_o small_a continuance_n for_o what_o they_o atcheive_v by_o strength_n they_o lose_v for_o want_v of_o policy_n so_o that_o it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o one_o that_o moderation_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o continuance_n to_o state_n and_o kingdom_n thus_o have_v we_o run_v over_o by_o god_n assistance_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n of_o nation_n wherein_o if_o any_o man_n will_v inform_v himself_o as_o he_o shall_v he_o must_v compare_v one_o circumstance_n with_o another_o and_o make_v his_o judgement_n not_o from_o a_o man_n but_o a_o nation_n and_o not_o censure_v any_o nation_n out_o of_o one_o observation_n for_o practice_v in_o art_n can_v always_o come_v home_o to_o speculation_n so_o experience_n in_o this_o kind_n will_v oftentimes_o cross_v the_o most_o general_a rule_n we_o can_v imagine_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o judge_v as_o we_o find_v and_o walk_v where_o the_o way_n be_v open_a if_o any_o man_n will_v desire_v more_o curiosity_n he_o may_v spend_v more_o labour_n to_o less_o purpose_n let_v every_o man_n by_o behold_v the_o national_a vice_n of_o other_o man_n praise_v almighty_a god_n for_o his_o own_o happiness_n and_o by_o see_v their_o virtue_n learn_v to_o correct_v his_o own_o vice_n so_o shall_v our_o travail_n in_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v our_o direct_a way_n to_o heaven_n and_o that_o eternal_a guide_n shall_v conduct_v we_o which_o can_v never_o err_v to_o who_o be_v ascribe_v all_o glory_n praise_v and_o power_n for_o evermore_o deo_fw-la triuni_fw-la laus_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la finis_fw-la ptolom_n geogr_n l._n 1._o sec._n 1._o seneca_n in_o medeâ_fw-la act._n 2._o de_fw-fr gen_n &_o cor_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr caelum_fw-la cap._n 4._o l._n the_o sphaer_n lib._n 1_o geog_n cap._n 4._o lib._n 2._o c._n 72._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr mundi_fw-la fabr_fw-la part_n 3._o cap._n 2._o psal._n 104._o fundavit_fw-la terram_fw-la super_fw-la base_n svas_fw-la ne_fw-la dimoveatur_fw-la in_o saeculum_fw-la vers_fw-la 5._o ptol._n dict_z 1._o cap._n 5._o alph._n 6._o diff_n 6._o prop._n 11._o lib._n 1._o 1._o pag._n 149._o r._n ld._n d._n 1_o meteor_n lib._n 4._o sr_n walter_n raleigh_n
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o western_a wind_n we_o may_v also_o perceive_v much_o cold_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o watery_a vapour_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a in_o our_o south_n wind_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereof_o the_o former_a arise_v from_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o those_o southern_a region_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o latter_a from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n because_o before_o it_o approach_v our_o coast_n it_o pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n beget_v abundance_n of_o watery_a vapour_n which_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o wind_n final_o the_o northwind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v cold_a because_o it_o be_v carry_v over_o diverse_a cold_a and_o snowy_a place_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o many_o land_n and_o dry_a place_n send_v out_o store_n of_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o also_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o those_o region_n few_o exhalation_n be_v draw_v up_o which_o may_v infect_v it_o by_o impression_n of_o their_o watery_a quality_n these_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n that_o meteor_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v usual_o charge_v and_o by_o consequence_n their_o quality_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o direct_o from_o the_o same_o region_n which_o they_o affect_v or_o oblique_o from_o some_o other_o region_n remote_a from_o it_o howsoever_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v from_o the_o soil_n we_o can_v altogether_o exclude_v the_o heaven_n as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n 1_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o it_o self_n we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v to_o such_o accident_n as_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 2_o the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v abstract_v from_o any_o special_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n these_o accident_n concern_v either_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n both_o which_o we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n the_o special_a be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n not_o absolute_o but_o respect_v some_o special_a quality_n or_o property_n depend_v on_o such_o situation_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o part_n for_o the_o unfold_n of_o which_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particularity_n we_o will_v premise_v this_o one_o general_a theorem_a 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n this_o proposition_n need_v no_o proof_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o ordinary_a experience_n for_o who_o find_v not_o betwixt_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n a_o manifest_a difference_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a moisture_n and_o drought_n with_o other_o quality_n thereon_o depend_v as_o well_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o as_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n only_o three_o point_n will_v here_o require_v a_o exposition_n first_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o instrument_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o the_o earth_n second_o how_o far_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o the_o earth_n may_v extend_v and_o what_o limit_n it_o may_v suffer_v three_o how_o these_o operation_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o first_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n that_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n by_o three_o instrument_n to_o wit_n light_n motion_n and_o influence_n by_o light_n as_o by_o a_o instrumental_a agent_n it_o engender_v heat_n in_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n a_o immaterial_a quality_n can_v immediate_o of_o itself_o produce_v heat_n be_v material_a and_o elementary_a but_o by_o attrition_n and_o rarefaction_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v thin_a approach_v near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o conceive_v heat_n this_o be_v again_o perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o simple_a or_o compo_fw-it und_v beam_n the_o simple_a ray_n be_v weak_a the_o compound_v infer_v a_o double_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o reflection_n be_v strong_a and_o of_o more_o validity_n in_o the_o operation_n and_o by_o consequence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o more_o the_o reflection_n be_v great_a if_o we_o mere_o consider_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o motion_n the_o heaven_n may_v exercise_v their_o operation_n on_o the_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o by_o attenuate_v and_o rarefy_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n next_o adjoin_v turn_v it_o into_o fire_n as_o some_o philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o whence_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o this_o affection_n must_v needs_o partake_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o conceit_n ground_v only_o upon_o aristotle_n authority_n who_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v a_o solid_a compact_a body_n which_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o be_v grant_v of_o many_o more_o modern_a mathematician_n second_o the_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o inferior_a thing_n by_o motion_n in_o that_o by_o motion_n they_o be_v diverse_o dispose_v and_o order_v to_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n whereby_o they_o may_v produce_v diverse_a effect_n so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o heaven_n be_v imagine_v as_o a_o disponent_fw-la cause_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o produce_v the_o effect_n themselves_o as_o vary_v the_o operation_n hereon_o be_v ground_v all_o astrology_n as_o that_o which_o out_o of_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o combination_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o sign_n foreshow_v diverse_a event_n the_o three_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o work_v be_v the_o heavenly_a influence_n which_o be_v a_o hide_a and_o secret_a quality_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n but_o only_o know_v and_o find_v out_o by_o the_o effect_n this_o three_o agent_n be_v by_o some_o question_v will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o a_o necessity_n in_o nature_n constrain_v it_o for_o many_o effect_n be_v find_v in_o inferior_a body_n cause_v by_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n or_o motion_n as_o for_o example_n the_o production_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o can_v challenge_v any_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o light_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o other_o cease_v not_o to_o move_v in_o his_o channel_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v both_o under_o the_o earth_n beside_o who_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog-day_n if_o he_o exclude_v this_o influence_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v
it_o great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n the_o reflection_n be_v great_a approach_a near_o to_o right_v angle_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o earth_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o why_o the_o heat_n shall_v be_v more_o predominant_a at_o this_o time_n then_o another_o then_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n ascribe_v it_o to_o a_o special_a influence_n of_o the_o dogstar_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n many_o other_o instance_n may_v be_v here_o produce_v but_o i_o hold_v it_o needless_a be_v a_o matter_n consent_v to_o among_o most_o philosopher_n the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o extent_n and_o limitation_n of_o this_o operation_n in_o inferior_a body_n for_o unfold_n of_o which_o point_n we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o operation_n may_v have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o aire_n or_o else_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n reside_v on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o elementary_a mass_n experience_n itself_o will_v warrant_v yet_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o this_o operation_n be_v measure_v and_o square_v according_a to_o the_o matter_n whereinto_o it_o be_v receive_v as_o for_o example_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o moon_n more_o operative_a and_o predominant_a in_o moist_a body_n then_o in_o other_o partake_v less_o of_o this_o quality_n likewise_o the_o heat_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n more_o fervent_a where_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v more_o capable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o country_n be_v find_v hot_a than_o another_o although_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o latitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o howsoever_o the_o action_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o uniform_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o yet_o must_v the_o same_o be_v measure_v and_o limit_v according_a to_o the_o subject_n into_o which_o it_o be_v impress_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v in_o they_o a_o twofold_a nature_n the_o one_o material_a as_o partake_v of_o the_o element_n whereof_o every_o mix_a body_n be_v compound_v the_o other_o spiritual_a as_o that_o of_o the_o soul_n the_o former_a we_o can_v exempt_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o much_o as_o every_o physician_n can_v tell_v how_o much_o the_o humour_n and_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v stir_v by_o celestial_a influence_n especial_o by_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o who_o change_n our_o body_n daily_o undergo_v a_o alteration_n for_o the_o humane_a soul_n how_o far_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o star_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n yet_o may_v we_o in_o some_o sort_n clear_v the_o doubt_n by_o this_o one_o distinction_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o operation_n upon_o the_o soul_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o immediate_o by_o itself_o second_o mediate_o by_o the_o humour_n and_o corporeal_a organ_n whereof_o the_o soul_n operation_n depend_v the_o first_o we_o absolute_o deny_v for_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n can_v be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o a_o material_a agent_n as_o philosopher_n affirm_v for_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v grant_v without_o any_o absurdity_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v mere_o on_o material_a and_o corporeal_a organ_n the_o elementary_a matter_n whereof_o these_o organ_n consist_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o any_o other_o elementary_a matter_n so_o that_o we_o may_v affirm_v the_o heaven_n in_o some_o sort_n to_o govern_v man_n mind_n and_o disposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o bodily_a instrument_n but_o here_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o infer_v a_o necessity_n another_o thing_n to_o give_v a_o inclination_n the_o former_a we_o can_v absolute_o aver_v for_o as_o much_o as_o man_n will_n which_o be_v the_o commandress_n of_o his_o action_n be_v absolute_o free_a not_o subject_a to_o any_o natural_a necessity_n or_o external_a coaction_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o deny_v a_o certain_a inclination_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n be_v too_o much_o indulgent_a unto_o the_o body_n by_o who_o motion_n it_o be_v rather_o persuade_v then_o command_v the_o three_o point_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v to_o show_v how_o many_o way_n the_o heaven_n by_o their_o operation_n can_v affect_v and_o dispose_v a_o place_n on_o the_o earth_n here_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o variable_a or_o inuariable_a the_o variable_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o season_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o heat_n produce_v summer_n or_o winter_n spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o operation_n depend_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a line_n wherein_o he_o come_v sometime_o near_o unto_o we_o sometime_o go_v fâ—rther_o from_o our_o vertical_a point_n the_o inuariable_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o same_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n put_v aside_o other_o cause_n and_o circumstance_n for_o how_o soever_o every_o region_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o four_o change_n to_o wit_n summer_n winter_n spring_n and_o autumn_n yet_o may_v the_o same_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n one_o year_n as_o it_o do_v another_o without_o any_o great_a alteration_n and_o this_o depend_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o any_o place_n near_o or_o far_o of_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o extraordinary_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n depend_v from_o some_o extraordinary_a combination_n or_o concourse_n of_o planet_n particular_o affect_v some_o special_a place_n whence_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v probable_o show_v why_o some_o place_n shall_v some_o â—eeres_n prove_v extraordinary_a fruitful_a other_o time_n degenerate_a again_o to_o barrenness_n or_o why_o it_o shall_v sometime_o be_v molest_v with_o too_o much_o drought_n and_o other_o time_n with_o too_o much_o moisture_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o other_o consideration_n as_o more_o appertain_v to_o a_o astrologer_n than_o a_o geographer_n we_o will_v here_o only_o fasten_v on_o the_o inuariable_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o earthly_a place_n and_o search_v how_o far_o forth_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v vary_v in_o their_o temper_n &_o quality_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n take_v only_a notice_n of_o the_o diurnal_a and_o ordinary_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n herein_o shall_v we_o find_v no_o small_a variety_n not_o only_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o