and furnish the Tables in the Inns of Court with good Chear In the Colledges at the Universities they are usually call'd Gawdy in the Inns of Court Grand-Days and at His Majestie 's Court White-Hall Collar-Days for on these Days at Court the King Knights of the Garter and Judges wear their Collars of S.S. It is also one of His Majestie 's Offering-days St. Matthias On February the 24th but in Leap-year the 25th is Celebrated the Feast of St. Matthias who was one of the 70 Disciples and elected Apostle by lot in the room of that Arch Traytor Judas after the Ascension of our Blessed Lord He Preached the Holy Gospel in Macedonia and after Travelled into Judaea where he was first cruelly stoned by the Jews and then Beheaded according to the Roman Custom Anno Dom. 51. and it is also one of His Majesties Collar-Days without Offering here we may properly come in with our Discourse concerning Bissextile or Leap-year 'T is term'd Bissextilis because the 6th of the Calends of March are twice reckon'd viz. on the 24th and 25th of February so that Leap-year has a supernumerary day more than other years according to that old Rhythm Thirty Days hath November April June and September February hath Eight and twenty alone And all the rest have thirty and one But when of Leap-year cometh the time Then Days hath February Twenty and nine Observe also this Latin Distich tho in old Monkish Rhythm regardless of true Quantity Bissextum Sextae Martis tenuere Calendae Posteriore die celebrantur Festa Mathiae This Leap-year is observed every fourth year and was first invented by Julius Caesar the Perpetual Dictator of Rome to accommodate and even the year with the Course of the Sun and takes the name of Julian Account from him who before the Incarnation of Christ the space of 44 years observing the erroneousness of the Account then in use ordered the year to consist of 365 days and six hours which six hours in four years time made 24 hours or a Civil Day and were added to the end of February and upon this account every fourth year contained 366 days and was call'd Annus Bissextilis for the reason premention'd and the thing it self Intercalatio an Interlacing or puting any odd thing between even ones meaning the odd day in Leap-year in which account for many years there was no sensible Error discovered yet in process of time it was found not to be so exactly agreeable with the Sun 's natural Motion for the Julian exceeded the true Solar year by 10 Minutes and 48 seconds and caused the Aequinoxes and Solstices yearly to alter and change their places and recede or fly back so many Minutes and seconds in consideration whereof Pope Gregory the 13th of that Name by the advice â—nd assistance of Antonius Lilius â—is Brothers and other Eminent Mathematicians did in the year of our Lord 1582. correct the Roman Calendar appointing the year to contain 365 days 5 hours 49 Minutes and 12 seconds and that the Vernal Aequinox which was then on the 11th of March might be reduced to the 21th as it was at the time of the first Council of Nicaea he commanded that 10 days in October should be totally omitted viz. from the 4th to the 14th so that the 4th day of the Month was counted the 14th Hence it is that the New Foreign Gregorian or Lilian is 10 days before the old or our Julian account Here it is also observable that every Leap-year to prevent all Ambiguities that may arise at Law it is provided by the Statute de Anno Bissextili 21 H. 3. that the 24th and 25th of February in Suits at Law shall be accounted for one day only Britton f. 209. Dyer 17 Eliz. 345. but for keeping of Fairs it is ordered that those which use to be on the 24th of February shall be kept on the 25th because the Feast of St. Mathias is not till the 25th of February in the Leap-year It is call'd Leap-year from the Dutch Loop-iare qu. Leap-year because it exceeds the bounds of other years by a day Sunday As for Sunday or the Lords-Day it is the weekly Feast of the Refurrection of Christ not Instituted by him or God himself but by his own Apostles in the place of the rejected Sabbath of the Jews for these ensuing Reasons 1. That Christians should not be obliged to the observance of Judaical Ceremonies but testifie the Abrogation of their Feasts and the liberty receiv'd by the coming of Christ 2. That as the Jewish Sabbath did continually put them in mind of the former World finished by the Creation so the lord's-Lord's-Day ought to keep us in the constant Remembrance of a far better world begun by our Saviour who came to restore all things and make Heaven and Earth new therefore for this Reason did they Honour the Last day we the First in every seven annually 3. In regard that the Lord rose from the Dead on this day and perfected the great and wonderful Work of Man's Redemption 4. We cannot more congruously apprehend the Majesty of the Super-eminent and Puissant Jesus by any other Creature than by the most resplendent and glorious Light of the Sun the Ruler of this day for it is written Et in sole posuit Tabernaculum suum exiit de Tribu Judae cujus Signum Leo est Solare Animal The Lord's-Day when any happens between Candlemas and Twelfth-Day hath no certain Name but is call'd the first or second Sunday on which it falls after Christmas but those that succeed the Epiphanie are denoted according to the Numeral order as the first Sunday after it is styl'd the first Sunday after Epiphanie the next the second c. whereof there are five this present year sometimes only four but more or fewer according to the greater quantity of the Intervallum majus tho the Sunday immediately preceding Septuagesima is ever counted the last Sunday after Epiphanie Valentine's-Day Valentine's-Day is on the 14th of February so call'd from Valentine Powerful Lat. a Roman Bishop whose Feast is kept this day about this time the Birds make choice of their Mates for the ensuing year and we among us of our Valentines that is Men and Women chosen for special Loving Friends it signifies also Saints chosen for special Patrons for the year The next 4 Sundays are known by the Name of Septuagesima Seragesima Quinquagesima and Quadragesima The three first have their Names from the Order in which they precede the 4th Quadragesima and so of the rest Septuagesima was Instituted as 't is generally believ'd for these three Reasons 1. For Suppletion i.e. making up what is wanting for because some did not use to fast on the Friday and therefore Sexagesima was Instituted as you shall understand by and by neither upon the Saturday in regard that our Saviour on that day rested in his Grave to denote our future Rest and 't is observ'd by St. Augustin that the
Inhabitants of Asia some others grounding their Practice on an Apostolical Tradition would not Fast on the Saturday therefore the Week call'd Septuagesima was added to supply the seven days of Sexagesima 2. For it 's own Signification in that thereby is signified unto us the Exile and Affliction of Mankind from Adam to the last general Conflagration and therefore all Holy Hymns and Sacred Anthems of Joy are intermitted by our Holy Mother the Church during the time of Septuagesima 3. To represent the 70 years Captivity of the Jews in Babylon and as at that time the Israelites laid aside their Instrument saying Quomodo cantabimus Canticum Domini c. so the Church leaves off her Songs of Praises during this time Sexagesima was instituted by Melchiades Bp. of Rome a Martyr who flourished An. Dom. 311. and ordained that none should Fast on Friday because of the Lord's Supper and his Ascension on that day so neither on the Sunday which being the first day of the Week solemnizeth our Saviour's Resurrection to distinguish between Christians and Gentiles therefore the Ancients to redeem the Fridays in Quinquagesima added this other Week to the Fast call'd by them Sexagesima The next Sunday is Quinquagesima The Holy Church Commands a Fast to be observ'd consisting of 40 days before Easter styl'd Quadragesima or the Holy time of Lent wherein there are but 36 days besides the Lord's-Days on which she fasts not for joy of the Resurrection now to supply this Defect four days of the foregoing Week were added to the Quadragesimal Fast and afterward it was first by Telesphorus Bishop of Rome and Martyr who flourished Anno Dom. 142. and since that by Pope Gregory the Great Decreed that all Priests should begin their Fast two days sooner viz. two days before the additional four pre-mentioned that as they preceded the Laity in Dignity they might also in Sanctity and Holiness therefore this Week Quinquagesima was added to the Week Quadragesima Shrovetide Next we come to Shrovetide or Carneval which is derived from the Saxon Shrive or Shrift and the Belgick Tyde or Tijdt i.e. the time of shriving or confession of Sins for about this time the Roman Catholicks use to confess their Sins and receive the blessed Sacrament to the end they might more Religiously observe the Holy time of Lent then immediately ensuing 'T is call'd Carneval being a dissolute Season or Licentious Time qu. valeat caro because then they bid adieu to eating of Flesh and feed on Fish Ash-Wednesday Ash-Wednesday is the Beginning or Head of the Fast of Lent and was by Gregory the Great Pope of Rome Dedicated to the Consecration and sprinkling with Ashes and therefore call'd in Latine Dies Cinerum or Ash-Wednesday by the Ancients Caput Jejunii the Head of Fasting or first beginning of Lent yet as Hospinian affirms there is extant an Homily composed by Maximus Bishop of Tours in France with this Inscription In Die Cinerum which shews the Institution thereof to be before his Time because Maximus Taurinensis liv'd 170 years before him viz. Anno Dom. 420. 'T is call'd Ash-Wednesday from the ancient Ceremony of Blessing Ashes on that Day and therewith the Priest signeth the People on the Forehead in the form of a Cross affording them withal this wholsom Admonition Memento Homo quod Pulvis es in Pulverem reverteris Remember Man that thou art Dust and to Dust thou shalt return to mind them of their Mortality and prepare them for the Holy Fast of Lent the Ashes used this day in the Church of Rome are made of the Palms consecrated the Sunday Twelve-month before and formerly in the Easterin Countries they usually on this Day wore Sack-cloth and sprinkled Ashes on the Heads of the People which was done in token of sincere Humiliation and a true and unfeigned sorrow for Sin St. David St. David's vulgarly and ludibriously nick-nam'd St. Taffie's Day which is on the first of March is a British Holy-Day and observ'd by them very solemnly in Honour and Commemoration of St. David their worthy Patron who is by their Records and Tradition justified to be a Prelate of Eminent Holiness and Austerity of Life a Person of great Learning a most Florid and Eloquent Preacher of the Word of God and Archbishop of Menevy now taking from him the Name of St. David s in Pembrokeshire He flourished in the fifth and sixth Age after the Incarnation of Christ and died aged 140 years as Dr. Pits testifieth in his Treatise Intituled De Illustribus Angliae Scriptoribus The Britains on this Day constantly wear a Leek in Memory of a Famous and Notable Victory obtain'd by them over the Saxons they during the Battel having Leeks in their Hats for their Military Colours and Distinction of themselves by the perswasion of the said Prelate St. David The first Sunday in Lent is call'd Quadragesima the second Reminiscere the third Oculi the fourth Laetare the fifth Iudica the fixth Dominica Magna of these in order Quadragesima or the first Sunday in Lent so call'd because it is distant 40 days from the grand Feast of Easter containing the Lenten Fast as it was observ'd by the Primitive Christians in imitation of our Saviour's Fasting in the Desart 40 days and 40 nights it is call'd also Invocavit because on that Day the Church sings Invocavit me ego exaudiam eum or that taken out of Psalm the 90th v. 3 4. 'T is styl'd Lent so call'd from the old Saxons who nominated March Lenct Monat i. e. Length Month because the Days then begin to lengthen and exceed the Nights Now this Month being so named by our Ancestors when they did first imbibe or embrace Christianity and therewith also the ancient and Religious Custom of Fasting this Season is peculiarly term'd the Fast of Lent by reason of the Lenct-Monat or Month of March wherein the major part of the time of this Grand Fasting always hapned Sir Richard Baker saith in his Chronology that it was first commanded to be observ'd here among us in England by Ercombert the 7th King of Kent in or about the year of our Lord 641. So that it is of Antiquity in this Nation and no upstart and new-fangled Fast Then we meet with Ember-Week so named from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Dies Days by way of Emphasis the Grand Days of Fasting as some are of opinion others conceive that they are call'd the Days of Ashes or Ember-Days from that as Ancient as Religious Custom of wearing Hair-Cloth and using Ashes in times of Publick Penance and Piety or from the Antiquated usage of eating no other Food on those Days till Night only a Cake baked under the Embers or Ashes which they call'd Panem Subcineritium or Ember-Bread Turb Cath. Yet Sir Henry Spelman saith De Conciliis that the true and genuine word is Imber from the Saxon Imbren i. e. a Circle because the Ember-days move round the
Evening of the foregoing Wednesday Thursday and Friday hath obtain'd the Appellation of Tenebrae-Days from the Latin Tenebrae or the French Tenebres Days of Darkness or Dark Days because thereby they represent the Darkness that attended and accompanied our Lord's Crucifixion and then also that Church extinguisheth all her Lights and after some silence when the whole office is concluded they make a sudden great noise to represent the rending the Veil of the Temple and the disorder the whole frame of Nature was in at the death of her Maker Their Matins also or Morning-Service is on the first three days before Easter begun with very many Lights but ended in Darkness representing thereby the Night-time wherein they seized and apprehended our Saviour in the Garden Gethsemani in which Office there are 15 Tapers lighted at the first and placed in a Candlestick of a Triangular form viz. as many as there are Canticles in the Office and at the conclusion of every Canticle or Psalm one of the 15 Tapers or Lights is put out and so gradually till they are all extinguished Easter The next to this great Week that Great and High Feast of Easter or the Resurrection of the Holy Jesus after his three days Interment in the Grave succeeds and is styl'd Pasche Pascha or Easter 'T is call'd Pascha a Passeover not in memory of the Angels transit in Egypt the Jewish Passeover being a Holy Action appointed by God in the killing and eating of a Lamb partly that the Church of the Jews might remember the Benefits God confer'd upon them in passing over the Houses and not smiting them Exod. 12.11 but our Feast is celebrated in Commemoration of the Resurrection of Christ tho we still retain the Name Pascha not only because the Lamb that was kil'd by the Jews of old in their Passeover was a true Type of the Lamb of God Christ Jesus which was sacrificed for Man's Salvation but because at that very time he passed to his Father from this World 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pesach signifies Transitio a passage from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pasach Transire to pass or because then there was made a passage from an Old to a New Life in Span. nam'd Florida a florido vernanti anni tempore from the flourishing and Spring-time of the year in which it falls 'T is call'd Easter from Eoster a Goddess of the ancient Saxons whose Feast they kept in the Month of April Cam. or as Minshew gives it in regard that then the Sun of Righteousness did rise as the Sun in the East and therefore Easter comes from the East Now this is the Basis of all the Lord's-Days in the year tho it be a Moveable Feast and falls sometimes higher sometimes lower as all the Moveable Feasts do but the time of Easter being known the rest are soon discovered and thus you may know when Easter will fall Post Martis Nonas ubi sit Nova Luna requiras Et cum transierit bis Septima Pascha patebit Or thus Inde dies Solis tertia Pascha venit But take it in English more plainly thus Easter-Day is always the first Sunday after the first full Moon which shall happen next after the 11 day of March and if the full Moon fall on a Sunday the Sunday after will be Easter Day Now tho this Rule be true enough as to the Gregorian yet it is not applicable to our Julian Accompt which the Table of Moveable Feasts in the Common-Prayer Book Calculated for 40 years regardeth only and must be followed till His Majesty Commands another and one reason is the Precession of the Aequinoctium Vernum which from the first Nicene Council to this time hath Anticipated 11 days falling now the 10th of March whereas it was on the 21th and the reason of this Anticipation is that the Julian exceeds the Solar year 10 Minutes and 48 Seconds or thereabout which causes the Aequinoxes and Solstices yearly to change their Places and go backward so many Minutes and Seconds The Lunations also by reason of the great quantity allow'd them do every 19 years anticipate almost an hour and a half and in 312 years and a half one whole day and therefore not exactly to be found by the Golden Number tho on those Lunations Easter depends as of it all the Moveable Feasts which is the other Cause of those Errors and both together the first occasion of the Roman Emendation whereby that Church doth always produce Easter on the Sunday following the first full Moon next after the Vernal Aequinox according to the Deeree of the Nicene Council This occasion'd that Error that all the Astrologers were guilty of viz. 5. Weeks Mistake in 1663 and one Week in 1664 and it is the 20th time it hath so happened since 1600 but in the Years 2437 2461 2491 there will be 42 days Error and some time afterward no less than 49 days and after the Year 2698 if the Old Calendar be still retain'd it will never agen happen according to the Rule of the Church as before Thus far Mr. G. Wharton Easter-Day and the rest of the Moveable Feasts Anno 1668 according to the Julian Accompt fell full as soon or low in the Year upon its nearest Limit or Boundary as ever it could which hath not hapned from 1573 till this Year nor will so fall out agen in 247 years till the year 1915 which will be 239 years from this Year before it so happen Here you may also Observe That Easter always falls between the 21th of March and the 26th of April these two dayes being excluded for it never happens on but between them Easter-day is one of his Majesties Offering-dayes at Court being a Houshold-day also when the Besant is given by the Lord Steward or one of the other White-Staffe-Officers All the Holy-dayes in Easter week are his Majesties Collar but not Offering-dayes Next follows the Quinquagesimal Interval of 50 dayes between Easter and Whitsontide which the Primitive Christians observ'd as an intire Festival in honour of the Resurrection and Ascension of the Holy Ghost with great Exultation and exceeding Joy it contains 6 Sundays Low-Sunday The first is Low-Sunday Dominica in Albis or Quasimodogeniti 'T is styl'd Low-Sunday because 't is a Low Festival in comparison of Easter-Day the preceding high Festival It is the Octave of Easter-Day nam'd Dominica in Albis in regard of the Angels who appear'd at the Resurrection in White Garments and from the Catechumeni or Neophyts i.e. persons lately Converted to the Faith newly taught the Principles of Religion but not Baptiz'd or if Baptiz'd not yet admitted to the Eucharist White Garments the Emblems of Innocence which in old times they usually put on at their Baptism and in the Church on this day were solemnly devested of them or for that those who had been Baptiz'd receiv'd then the Bishop's Confirmation and put on other white Vestments which they wore till the next Sunday 'T is call'd
hard Eggs and Green-sauce The Robigalia and Ambarvalia of the Antient Romans did after their Heathenish manner in something resemble these Inâ—â—itutions They were call'd Robigalia from Robigus one of their numerous Deities to whom they ascribed the preserving of Corn from Blasting therefore these Feasts were sacred to him particularly And Ambarvalia quòd victima arva ambiret because the Sacrifice to be offered at that time did walk round the Fields May the 21th 1662. K. Charles was Married at Portsmouth to Donna Catarina Infanta of Portugal by Gilbert Bishop of London May the 22. is a Feast dedicated by the Romanists to one Julia a Holy Devout Virgin and is placed in their Rubrick not mention'd in our Calendar Holy Thursday or Ascension-Day The next Feast celebrated by our Holy Mother the Church is Holy-Thursday or Ascension-Day which is the 40th day after Easter or his Resurrection call'd Holy-Thursday because so Holy a Work was perform'd on this Holy-day and Ascension-day in memory of our Saviour's Ascension into Heaven in the sight of his Apostles and Disciples then present Acts 1.9 there to prepare a place for all true Christians being preceded by whole Legions of Angels and attended by Millions of Saints whom he had discharged set at large out of their imaginary Prison of Limbo as the Romanists fondly conceive In short and in truth this Festival of Christ's Ascension is the Consummation of all he did and taught during his Residence here upon Earth and therefore it was not without great reason termed by the Antients Felix Clausula totius Itinerarii Filii Dei the Sabbath or Consummation of all his labour in the Great and stupendous Work of Man's Redemption This is one of his Majesties Offering-dayes Next comes the 6th Sunday after Easter call'd Exaudi from the beginning of the 27th Psalm Exaudi Domine vocemmeam c. The Week after Ascension-Day is Expectation-Week for now the Apostles were earnestly expecting the promise of our Lord If I go away I will send the Comforter to you Jo. 16.7 King Charles 2d Nat. May the 29th is Celebrated upon a double account first in Commemoration of the Birth of our Soveraign King Charles the Second the Princely Son of his Royal Father Charles the First of happy Memory and Mary the Daughter of Henry the 4th the French King who was born the 29th day of May Anno 1630. and also by Act of Parliament 12 Car. 2. by the Passionate desires of the People in Memory of his most Happy Restauration to his Crown and Dignity after 12 years forced Exile from his undoubted Right the Crown of England by Barbarous Rebels and Regicides and on the 8th of this Month his Majesty was with Universal Joy and great Acclamations Proclaim'd in London Westminster and after throughout all his Dominions the 16th he came to the Hague the 23th with his two Brothers Embarqued for England and on the 25th he happily Landed at Dover being received by General Monk and some of the Army From whence he was by several Voluntary Troops of the Nobility and Gentry waited upon to Canterbury and on the 29th 1660 he made his Magnificent Entrance into that Emporium of Europe his Stately and Rich Metropolis the Renowned City of London On this very day also Anno 1662. the King came to Hampton-Court with his Queen Catharine after his Marriage at Portsmouth as is before mention'd This as it is his Birth-day is one of his Collar-days without Offering Pentecost or Whitsunday After this succeeds the Grand Solemnity of Pentecost or Whitsunday Pentecost from the Greek because 't is the 50th day from Easter or Christ's Resurrection and Whitsunday or White-Sunday from the Catechumeni who were apparell'd in White Garments and on the Eve of this Feast admitted to the Sacrament of Baptisme But Verstegan affirms That it was of old nam'd by our fore-fathers Wied-Sunday or Wihed-Sunday because Wied or Wihed in the Saxon Tongue signifies Sacred Now this Festival was antiently celebrated among the Jewes on the 50th day after the Passeover in the memory of Promulgation of the Divine Law of God on Mount Sinai and our Whitsunday is kept 50 dayes after Easter by all True and Good Christians to commemorate the Mission of the Holy Ghost on that day which descended on the heads of the Apostles in Tongues resembling fire Act. 2.3 who is the only and most Infallible Interpreter of the Divine Law This is one of his Majestie 's Offering-dayes and a Houshold-day when the Besant is given by the Lord Steward or one of the other White Staff-Officers and all the Holy-dayes in Whitsun-Week are Collar-days without Offering Ember-Week follows Whitsun-day which is one of the 4 Grand Seasons of the Year as is before specified at large Trinity-Sunday Trinity-Sunday falls next in course which is always the Lord's day following and the Octave of Whitsunday so nominated in Honour of the most Blessed Trinity and to signifie unto us that the holy Works of our Redemption and Sanctification which were then Consummated are common to all Three Persons in the Trinity This Festival was first Instituted by Gregory the 4th who then sate in the Episcopal Chair in the year of our Lord 827. It is one of his Majesties Offering-days at White-Hall St. Barnabas June the 11th St. Barnabas the Apostle comes next in the Calendar commonly call'd Barnaby The Name is Hebrew signifying Son of the Master of Prophecy or of Comfort The proper Name given him at his Circumcision was Joses for Joseph by a sweeter Termination or Cadence From the Apostles he received the Sirname of Barnabas He was born in the Isle of Cyprus an Island in the Mediterranean between Cilicia Syria and Aegypt whose Ancestors fled thither for their greater safety in the Tumultuous and Distracted Government of Antiochus Epiphanes or as some imagine when Pompey with his Romans Conquered Judaea He descended of the Tribe of Levi his Parents were Opulent and Pious he was committed to the Tutelage of the Great Doctor of the Law Gamaliel at whose Feet he was educated with his Fellow-Pupil St. Paul He was an Eye-witness of the Miracle in the Cure of the Paralytick at the Pool of Bethesda which soon convinced him of the Divinity of our Saviour He was one of the 70 sold all his Lands on Earth to Purchase in Heaven and when God gave Saul his Fiat for an Apostle's Place they two were Joynt-Commissioners for the Church Fellow-Travellers Consorts and Zealots for Christ c. Dr. Brough on the Fest And both Preached the Gospel in Seleucia Salamis Paphos Cyprus Perga in Pamphilia and here Mark the Son of Barnabas his Sister Mary whom they took with them as their Minister and Attendant weary of this Troublesome Itinerant Life departed from them which occasion'd the unhappy Difference between these two Apostles Paul and Barnabas afterwards they Travell'd to Iconium Lystra Derbe and so back to Antioch and then they parted with some discontent because Barnabas would take
in Honour of those Chains wherewith Herod caused St. Peter at Jerusalem to be bound from which he was disengaged by the Angel of God Acts the 12th by the sole Touch whereof not only the fore-mentioned but many other Miracles were wrought nay some of that Church are so superstitiously Credulous as to believe their Miraculous joyning together many years after into one intire Chain with those Iron Fetters wherewith the Holy Apostle was loaden when he was Imprisoned at Rome August the 5th in some of our ancient Calendars is known by the name of Gowrie's Conspiracy and tho now omitted the reason thereof you shall soon understand yet it was kept very devoutly in the Reign of King James as a Day of Thanksgiving to the Almighty for his Deliverance from the Treacherous Conspiracy of the Gowries in Scotland The Story runs thus as Baker relates it in his Chronicle p. 382. out of which take this Abstract The Earls Gowry Marre Lindsey and others Invited the King to the Castle of Reuthen in the absence of the Earl of Arran and Lenox and there detain'd him not permitting him to walk abroad all his Trusty Servants they remov'd from him and Compel'd the King by Letters to Queen Elizabeth to approve and allow of this his Thraldom After his Mother Queen Mary had sent to Queen Elizabeth complaining of the Usage of her Son he himself sent Colonel William Steward and John Colvill to the Queen of England and after the Death of Lenox in France the Surprizers being lifted up in their Conceits thinking they had him safe enough he on a sudden tho scarce 18 years of age with some few others convey'd himself to the Castle of St. Andrews to whom the Nobility Repair'd with Armed Bands fearing some danger might befall him afterward with fair words he advised some of his Surprizers to go from Court to avoid Tumult promising them Pardon if they would crave it but Gowry only asked Pardon and submitted himself using this Distinction that he had not offended in Matter but in Form and farther Baker saith p. 384. that Gowry was tried by his Peers at Sterling Anno 1600. where being accus'd of many Treasons tho he gave colourable Answers to them all yet was found Guilty Condemn'd and Beheaded whose Head his Servants sewing to the Body committed to the Grave Baker farther saith p. 428. At this time Anno 1603. the King forgat not a Deliverance he formerly had which tho it were in Scotland yet he would have notice taken of it in England which was this his Deliverance from the Conspiracy of the Gowries on the 5th of August 1600. three years before and thereupon Friday being the 5th day was by Commandment appointed to be Holy-Day with Morning-Prayer Sermon and Evening-Prayer read with Bonefires at Night which was then and after during his Life solemnly observ'd August the 6th is the Transfiguration from Transfiguro Lat. to change shape a Feast Celebrated by the Papists in Memory of our Saviour's Transfiguring himself upon Mount Thabor and shewing a Glimpse of his Glory to his Apostles St. Peter St. James and St. John And his Face saith the Text shone as the Sun and his Garment became white as Snow Matth. 17.2 and in them also unto us for our encouragement to Vertue Perseverance in Faith and mutual Love one toward another St. Laurence The 10th of this Month is a Day Dedicated to St. Laurence Lat. flourishing like a Bay-Tree the same as Daphnis in Greek who was Deacon to Pope Xistus then sitting in the Chair at Rome a very Zealous Person according to Tradition for the Catholick Cause who thereupon in the Primitive times was by the Cruel and Barbarous Pagans most inhumanely Broyled on a Gridiron for the Faith of Christ which Martyrdom he suffered with undaunted and matchless Fortitude This is in the Roman but not in our Rubrick The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary The 15th of this Month is The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary the Mother of the Holy Jesus so call'd from Assumo Lat. to assume or take up 't is observ'd in Memory of her being Assum'd or taken up as the Papists confidently maintain into Heaven both Soul and Body after her Dormition or Dissolution and this is a constant Tradition of their Church This is also in the Roman not in our Rubrick St. Bartholomew The next is the Festival of St. Bartholomew solemnized on the 24th of August The Name is Chaldee and signifies the Son of him that makes the water ascend He was Nephew as some maintain and Heir to a King of Syria yet both an Apostle and Martyr He Preached the Glad Tidings of the Gospel to the Indians where he by the Command of Polemius King of India was sorely beaten with Cudgels the first day the next Crucified and Excoriated or flean alive while he was fastned on the Cross and finally still breathing and alive Beheaded in the year of our Lord 51. For this Reason it was named Duplex Festum some observing the 25th as we the 24th of August Here was a Complication of Punishments for no Crime at all This is one of His Majestie 's Collar-Days without Offering The 29th is the Decollation of St. John Baptist Beheaded by Herod at the request of Herodias which we have praementioned in the Festival of St. John Baptist Septemb. the 2d On this day hapned that Dreadful Conflagration of the City of London about one of the Clock in the Morning Anno 1666. beginning at the House of one Mr. Farryner a Baker in Pudding-Lane near New Fish-Street which consumed in four days time the greatest part of this Flourishing Metropolis 'T is supposed to be fired by one Robert Hubert of Roan in Normandy with one Peidloe the chief there being in all 23 Complices as he confessed for which he was hang'd at Tyburn and dyed a Roman Catholick Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary The 8th of this Month is the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Heb. Exalted or from Marah as some conceive i. e. Bitterness which is a Festival observ'd by our Holy Mother the Church in Commemoration of her Happy and Glorious Birth who brought into the World the Author of all Life and Salvation our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ Holy-tood-Day or Holy-Cross The 14th is the other Holy-rood-Day or Holy-Cross the Invention of the Cross being on the 3d of May which we have given you an account of 't is call'd Holy Cross or the Exaltation of the Cross in Memory of the Exaltation or setting up the Holy Cross which was found by St. Helen as we have already acquainted you by Heraclius the Emperor who having regained it a second time from the Persians after it had been given over for lost the space of 14 years carried it on his shoulders to Mount Calvarie and there Exalted it with more than ordinary Solemnity Then follows the Ember-Week according to the Rule before laid down Post Cineres c. this being the