imprimatur_fw-la g._n jane_n r._n p._n d._n henr._n episc._n lond._n à _fw-la sac_fw-la domesticis_fw-la june_n 3._o 1676._o a_o defence_n of_o the_o discourse_n concern_v the_o idolatry_n practise_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o book_n entitle_v catholic_n no_o idolater_n by_o ed._n stillingfleet_n d._n d._n chaplain_n in_o ordinary_a to_o his_o majesty_n the_o two_o first_o part_n london_n print_v by_o robert_n white_a for_o henry_n mortlock_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o phoenix_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n and_o at_o the_o white-hart_n in_o westminster-hall_n 1676._o to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n henry_n lord_n bishop_n of_o london_n one_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n my_o lord_n i_o have_v hear_v that_o in_o some_o famous_a prophetic_a picture_n pretend_v to_o represent_v the_o fate_n of_o england_n the_o chief_a thing_n observable_a in_o several_a of_o they_o be_v a_o mole_n a_o creature_n blind_a and_o busy_a smooth_a and_o deceitful_a continual_o work_v under_o ground_n but_o now_o and_o then_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o the_o disturbance_n it_o make_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o natural_a a_o description_n of_o a_o restless_a party_n among_o we_o that_o we_o need_v no_o judge_n of_o controversy_n to_o interpret_v the_o meaning_n of_o it_o our_o forefather_n have_v sufficient_a testimony_n of_o their_o work_n under_o ground_n but_o in_o our_o age_n they_o act_v more_o visible_o and_o with_o that_o indefatigable_a industry_n that_o they_o threaten_v without_o great_a care_n to_o prevent_v they_o the_o undermine_v of_o our_o church_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o our_o establish_a religion_n which_o since_o they_o can_v hope_v so_o easy_o to_o compass_v alone_o they_o endeavour_v to_o draw_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n all_o such_o discontent_a party_n who_o be_v so_o weak_a if_o any_o can_v be_v so_o to_o be_v prevail_v on_o to_o be_v instrument_n to_o serve_v they_o in_o pull_v down_o a_o church_n which_o can_v never_o fall_v but_o they_o must_v be_v stifle_v in_o its_o ruin_n one_o will_v think_v it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a for_o any_o to_o run_v into_o a_o snare_n which_o lie_v so_o open_a to_o their_o view_n or_o to_o flatter_v themselves_o with_o the_o vain_a hope_n of_o escape_v better_a than_o the_o church_n they_o design_v to_o destroy_v but_o such_o be_v the_o admirable_a wisdom_n of_o divine_a providence_n to_o order_n thing_n so_o above_o all_o humane_a discretion_n that_o when_o the_o sin_n of_o a_o nation_n have_v provoke_v god_n to_o forsake_v it_o he_o suffer_v those_o to_o concur_v in_o the_o most_o pernicious_a counsel_n for_o enslave_v conscience_n who_o pretend_v to_o the_o great_a zeal_n for_o the_o liberty_n of_o it_o so_o that_o our_o church_n of_o england_n in_o its_o present_a condition_n seem_v to_o stand_v as_o the_o church_n of_o corinth_n do_v of_o old_a between_o two_o unquiet_a and_o 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discountenance_v learn_v encourage_v and_o some_o few_o ceremony_n use_v but_o without_o any_o of_o those_o corrupt_a mixture_n which_o afterward_o prevail_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o whatever_o man_n of_o ill_a mind_n may_v suggest_v to_o the_o disparagement_n of_o those_o time_n it_o be_v real_o a_o honour_n to_o our_o church_n to_o suffer_v together_o with_o that_o age_n when_o the_o christian_a church_n begin_v to_o be_v firm_o settle_v by_o the_o countenance_n of_o the_o civil_a power_n and_o do_v enjoy_v its_o primitive_a purity_n without_o the_o poverty_n and_o hardship_n it_o endure_v before_o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o time_n be_v man_n of_o that_o exemplary_a piety_n of_o those_o great_a ability_n of_o that_o excellent_a conduct_n and_o magnanimity_n as_o set_v they_o above_o the_o contempt_n or_o reproach_n of_o any_o but_o infidel_n and_o apostate_n for_o than_o live_v the_o gregory_n the_o basil_n the_o chrysostoms_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n the_o ambrose_n and_o augustins_n in_o the_o western_a and_o they_o who_o can_v suspect_v these_o to_o have_v be_v enemy_n to_o the_o power_n of_o godliness_n do_v never_o understand_v what_o it_o mean_v it_o be_v no_o doubt_n the_o most_o desirable_a thing_n in_o our_o state_n and_o condition_n to_o see_v the_o piety_n the_o zeal_n the_o courage_n the_o wisdom_n of_o those_o holy_a bishop_n revive_v among_o we_o in_o such_o a_o age_n which_o need_v the_o conjunction_n of_o all_o these_o together_o for_o such_o be_v the_o insolency_n and_o number_n of_o the_o open_a contemner_n of_o our_o church_n and_o religion_n such_o be_v the_o activity_n of_o those_o who_o oppose_v it_o and_o the_o subtlety_n of_o those_o who_o undermine_v it_o as_o require_v all_o the_o devotion_n and_o ability_n of_o those_o great_a person_n to_o defend_v it_o and_o i_o hope_v that_o divine_a spirit_n which_o inflame_v and_o act_v they_o have_v not_o forsake_v that_o sacred_a order_n among_o we_o but_o that_o it_o will_v daily_o raise_v up_o more_o who_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o convince_v dissenter_n that_o there_o may_v be_v true_a and_o hearty_a zeal_n for_o religion_n among_o our_o prelate_n and_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o good_a work_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o reformation_n nay_o even_o in_o this_o age_n as_o bad_a as_o it_o be_v there_o may_v be_v as_o great_a instance_n produce_v of_o real_a charity_n and_o of_o work_n of_o public_a and_o pious_a use_n as_o when_o man_n think_v to_o get_v soul_n out_o of_o purgatory_n or_o themselves_o into_o heaven_n by_o what_o they_o do_v and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a exact_o to_o compare_v all_o act_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o have_v be_v do_v ever_o since_o the_o reformation_n with_o what_o there_o be_v do_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o a_o much_o long_a time_n immediate_o before_o
no_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v for_o any_o sanctity_n or_o virtue_n in_o itself_o but_o only_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o object_n represent_v otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v idolatry_n gabriel_n biel_n likewise_o agree_v 49._o that_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n which_o represent_v he_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n but_o he_o find_v out_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o twofold_a latria_n 1._o proper_a latria_n which_o be_v the_o worship_n give_v to_o christ_n as_o the_o object_n represent_v upon_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o image_n of_o he_o and_o this_o be_v not_o terminate_v on_o the_o image_n but_o the_o exemplar_n 2._o improper_a or_o analogical_a latria_n which_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n as_o it_o represent_v so_o that_o to_o the_o same_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n he_o make_v two_o internal_a act_n whereof_o one_o be_v terminate_v on_o the_o image_n the_o other_o on_o the_o prototype_n thomas_n waldensis_n say_v 7._o that_o the_o image_n 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latria_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o and_o that_o the_o cross_n whereon_o christ_n be_v crucify_a be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n both_o on_o the_o account_n of_o representation_n and_o contact_n 7._o therefore_o say_v he_o we_o speak_v and_o pray_v to_o the_o cross_n as_o to_o christ_n himself_o 9_o the_o same_o be_v say_v by_o bartholomaus_fw-la fumus_fw-la who_o be_v a_o dominican_n as_o the_o other_o a_o franciscan_a 4._o whereby_o we_o see_v it_o be_v no_o opinion_n peculiar_a to_o the_o dominican_n order_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o thomas_n and_o by_o dionysius_n the_o carthusian_n 120._o as_o well_o as_o antoninus_n the_o dominican_n franciscus_n ferrariensis_n say_v that_o when_o latria_n be_v appropriate_v to_o god_n it_o be_v be_v understand_v primò_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la primary_o and_o for_o its_o own_o sake_n but_o if_o it_o be_v understand_v only_o secondary_o and_o for_o another_o sake_n then_o say_v he_o latria_n may_v be_v give_v to_o a_o image_n of_o christ_n for_o consider_v the_o image_n as_o a_o image_n it_o be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o act_n by_o which_o the_o person_n represent_v be_v and_o therefore_o since_o latria_n be_v due_a to_o christ_n it_o must_v be_v so_o to_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o he_o answer_v all_o the_o argument_n of_o durandus_fw-la holcot_n and_o mirandula_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o former_a distinction_n as_o he_o may_v have_v do_v a_o hundred_o more_o and_o he_o assert_n that_o the_o image_n and_o the_o object_n represent_v make_v together_o one_o total_a object_n of_o adoration_n whereof_o one_o part_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o worship_n be_v terminate_v on_o the_o other_o and_o that_o the_o act_n of_o adoration_n whereby_o god_n and_o the_o image_n be_v worship_v together_o can_v be_v latria_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o and_o a_o inferior_a worship_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o because_o both_o the_o internal_a and_o external_a act_n be_v such_o wherein_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n do_v proper_o consist_v and_o to_o show_v this_o to_o be_v the_o catholic_n doctrine_n he_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n which_o make_v genuflection_n prostration_n supplication_n and_o other_o act_n of_o latria_n to_o the_o cross._n which_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o introduce_v this_o doctrine_n of_o latria_n to_o image_n contrary_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n because_o they_o see_v the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o cross_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v upon_o other_o ground_n the_o church_n never_o own_v any_o prosopopoeia_fw-la but_o express_v its_o devotion_n to_o the_o cross_n as_o real_o distinct_a from_o although_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o christ._n card._n cajetan_n say_v 3._o that_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n towards_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n be_v true_o and_o proper_o terminate_v on_o the_o image_n not_o in_o regard_n either_o of_o its_o matter_n or_o form_n but_o as_o it_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o image_n so_o that_o christ_n himself_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n and_o his_o be_v in_o the_o image_n be_v the_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o worship_n do_v excite_v man_n to_o worship_n and_o terminate_v it_o but_o since_o christ_n be_v not_o assert_v to_o be_v real_o and_o personal_o in_o the_o image_n but_o only_o by_o representation_n cajetan_n ought_v to_o have_v show_v that_o a_o union_n by_o mere_a imagination_n between_o christ_n and_o the_o image_n be_v a_o sufficient_a condition_n for_o perform_v those_o act_n of_o worship_n to_o the_o image_n which_o proper_o belong_v to_o god_n alone_o which_o he_o have_v not_o undertake_v but_o he_o show_v against_o durandus_fw-la that_o if_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n be_v only_o worship_v as_o it_o put_v we_o in_o mind_n of_o christ_n than_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o put_v we_o in_o mind_n of_o he_o may_v be_v worship_v as_o well_o as_o a_o image_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n show_v that_o it_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o cross_n as_o a_o memorative_n sign_n but_o because_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n therefore_o it_o worship_v it_o thus_o we_o see_v what_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a and_o learned_a divine_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v concern_v give_v the_o worship_n of_o latria_n to_o image_n before_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n and_o upon_o what_o that_o judgement_n be_v found_v viz._n the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o cross._n let_v we_o now_o see_v whether_o this_o matter_n have_v be_v otherwise_o determine_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n 13._o and_o whether_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n have_v obtain_v since_o that_o wary_a council_n know_v very_o well_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o church_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n 25._o only_o determine_v due_a honour_n and_o veneration_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n not_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o any_o divinity_n or_o power_n inherent_a in_o they_o for_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v or_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v ask_v of_o they_o or_o that_o trust_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o image_n as_o it_o be_v of_o old_a by_o the_o heathen_n who_o place_v their_o hope_n in_o idol_n but_o because_o the_o honour_n which_o be_v do_v to_o they_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o prototype_n which_o they_o represent_v so_o that_o by_o the_o image_n which_o we_o kiss_v and_o before_o which_o we_o uncover_v our_o head_n and_o fall_v down_o we_o adore_v christ_n and_o worship_n the_o saint_n which_o they_o represent_v which_o have_v be_v already_o decree_v by_o council_n against_o the_o opposer_n of_o image_n especial_o the_o second_o nicene_n synod_n where_o we_o observe_v these_o thing_n 1._o that_o all_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v to_o image_n even_o the_o very_a same_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o person_n of_o christ_n if_o he_o be_v actual_o present_a be_v to_o be_v do_v to_o his_o image_n to_o adore_v he_o thereby_o 2._o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o intimation_n against_o give_v the_o same_o kind_a and_o degree_n of_o worship_n to_o the_o image_n which_o be_v give_v to_o christ_n himself_o and_o since_o the_o council_n allow_v no_o proper_a virtue_n in_o the_o image_n for_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v worship_v but_o take_v all_o from_o the_o representation_n and_o suppose_v the_o honour_n to_o pass_v to_o the_o prototype_n vasquez_n think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a 4._o that_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o council_n be_v that_o the_o image_n and_o the_o exemplar_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o act_n of_o adoration_n which_o as_o to_o the_o
we_o may_v fancy_v he_o to_o be_v there_o which_o be_v suppose_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o worship_v be_v carry_v primary_o to_o the_o exemplar_n and_o by_o way_n of_o concomitancy_n to_o the_o image_n not_o believe_v the_o image_n to_o be_v christ_n for_o that_o be_v a_o dangerous_a thing_n but_o that_o it_o do_v represent_v he_o as_o if_o he_o be_v there_o and_o consequent_o this_o imagination_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o perform_v all_o act_n of_o adoration_n to_o the_o image_n as_o if_o the_o person_n of_o christ_n be_v actual_o present_a which_o be_v just_a like_o a_o schoolmaster_n who_o i_o know_v who_o be_v to_o come_v into_o a_o unusual_a presence_n he_o go_v into_o a_o pit_n where_o there_o be_v many_o tree_n and_o although_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v the_o esse_fw-la real_n of_o a_o tree_n yet_o he_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v a_o distinct_a esse_fw-la repraesentativum_fw-la of_o the_o several_a person_n he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o congee_n too_o and_o 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the_o person_n themselves_o by_o perform_v they_o to_o they_o as_o represent_v in_o their_o true_a being_n in_o these_o tree_n and_o i_o pray_v sir_n do_v not_o think_v i_o such_o a_o fop_n that_o i_o will_v do_v all_o this_o to_o they_o consider_v as_o tree_n in_o actu_fw-la signato_fw-la for_o i_o consider_v they_o as_o image_n in_o actu_fw-la exercito_fw-la and_o although_o you_o may_v think_v i_o do_v it_o to_o the_o tree_n you_o be_v mistake_v my_o mind_n all_o that_o while_o unite_v the_o person_n represent_v and_o the_o tree_n together_o and_o although_o my_o reverence_n be_v primary_o design_v to_o the_o person_n for_o his_o own_o sake_n and_o to_o the_o tree_n only_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o person_n represent_v yet_o this_o be_v only_o a_o co-reverence_n such_o as_o a_o man_n show_v to_o the_o person_n of_o another_o by_o kiss_v the_o hem_n of_o his_o garment_n only_o there_o the_o person_n be_v real_o vest_v and_o here_o it_o be_v only_o by_o imagination_n 2._o suarez_n say_v 5._o since_o it_o be_v agree_v among_o catholic_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n be_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o exemplar_n that_o may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n 1._o as_o the_o objectum_fw-la quod_fw-la or_o the_o thing_n itself_o worship_v in_o and_o by_o the_o image_n as_o before_o 2._o as_o the_o objectum_fw-la quo_fw-la i._n e._n as_o the_o reason_n of_o give_v worship_n to_o the_o image_n itself_o and_o this_o be_v that_o worship_n which_o vasquez_n charge_v with_o folly_n and_o superstition_n but_o suarez_n undertake_v to_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v a_o possible_a and_o lawful_a worship_n when_o the_o image_n be_v true_o and_o proper_o worship_v non_fw-la adorato_fw-la directè_fw-la ut_fw-la quod_fw-la ipso_fw-la exemplari_fw-la i._n e._n the_o worship_n not_o fix_v immediate_o on_o the_o thing_n represent_v but_o on_o the_o image_n itself_o although_o on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exemplar_n for_o which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o this_o notable_a argument_n because_o in_o this_o act_n of_o worship_n there_o be_v nothing_o omit_v but_o a_o direct_v the_o intention_n to_o the_o exemplar_n but_o there_o be_v no_o precept_n that_o require_v that_o as_o often_o as_o we_o worship_v the_o image_n we_o ought_v to_o direct_v our_o intention_n far_o than_o the_o image_n itself_o and_o therefore_o that_o worship_n be_v lawful_a and_o although_o a_o inanimate_a thing_n be_v not_o as_o vasquez_n urge_v adorabile_fw-la propter_fw-la se_fw-la yet_o it_o may_v say_v suarez_n with_o wonderful_a subtlety_n be_v adorable_a in_o se_fw-la propter_fw-la aliud_fw-la and_o this_o second_o kind_n of_o worship_n he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v be_v establish_v by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o trent_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o bellar._n undertake_v to_o clear_v the_o whole_a matter_n by_o these_o proposition_n 25._o 1._o that_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o saint_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v not_o only_a per_fw-la accidens_fw-la or_o impropriè_fw-la but_o per_fw-la se_fw-la &_o propriè_fw-la so_o as_o they_o terminate_v the_o worship_n as_o consider_v in_o themselves_o and_o not_o mere_o as_o they_o represent_v the_o exemplar_n which_o he_o prove_v from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n which_o decree_v image_n to_o be_v worship_v and_o not_o with_o latria_n but_o if_o the_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o a_o respect_n only_o to_o the_o exemplar_n than_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v that_o a_o image_n of_o christ_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n 2._o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o say_v before_o the_o people_n that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o distinction_n necessary_a to_o defend_v it_o be_v too_o subtle_a for_o their_o noddle_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o man_n that_o make_v they_o do_v hardly_o understand_v they_o themselves_o 3._o but_o if_o we_o speak_v among_o ourselves_o and_o of_o the_o plain_a truth_n of_o the_o case_n image_n may_v be_v worship_v with_o latria_n but_o than_o it_o be_v improper_o and_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la as_o it_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o image_n 4._o if_o we_o speak_v of_o worship_n per_fw-la se_fw-la &_o propriè_fw-la so_o no_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n because_o this_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o nicene_n council_n 5._o yet_o he_o say_v that_o the_o worship_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n per_fw-la se_fw-la &_o propriè_fw-la be_v analogical_o and_o reductive_o the_o same_o that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o exemplar_n i._n e._n the_o worship_n of_o a_o image_n of_o christ_n be_v analogical_a latria_n so_o that_o it_o be_v and_o it_o be_v not_o latria_n it_o be_v so_o but_o we_o must_v not_o say_v so_o yet_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o proper_a worship_n of_o image_n that_o be_v not_o so_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o i._n e._n analogical_o and_o improper_o but_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o proper_a worship_n of_o latria_n than_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o do_v not_o the_o proper_a worship_n of_o latria_n belong_v to_o christ_n person_n therefore_o if_o christ_n person_n be_v worship_v in_o the_o image_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n true_o say_v bellarmin_n when_o he_o be_v worship_v in_o his_o own_o person_n but_o not_o as_o he_o be_v in_o a_o image_n by_o participation_n but_o he_o that_o be_v worship_v in_o the_o image_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o true_a object_n of_o latria_n and_o therefore_o christ_n as_o in_o the_o image_n must_v be_v worship_v with_o latria_n if_o representation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o worship_n than_o his_o presence_n be_v suppose_v in_o the_o image_n do_v require_v the_o same_o worship_n as_o they_o say_v be_v due_a to_o he_o under_o
politian_n patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n and_o theodoret_n of_o antioch_n and_o elias_n of_o jerusalem_n send_v these_o for_o their_o legate_n to_o this_o council_n i_o have_v think_v it_o have_v be_v only_o the_o pope_n prerogative_n to_o make_v titular_a patriarch_n and_o he_o grave_o magnify_v the_o zeal_n and_o courage_n both_o of_o the_o patriarch_n and_o legate_n for_o venture_v so_o much_o in_o such_o a_o time_n of_o persecution_n and_o then_o fall_v into_o a_o mighty_a encomium_n of_o the_o two_o legate_n that_o tarasius_n send_v for_o venture_v through_o a_o thousand_o death_n to_o get_v to_o the_o patriarch_n when_o god_n know_v they_o never_o come_v near_o they_o but_o which_o be_v far_o more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o pope_n adrian_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a about_o the_o nicene_n synod_n have_v the_o face_n to_o say_v 924._o that_o the_o synodical_a epistle_n of_o the_o three_o patriarch_n of_o cosmus_n of_o alexandria_n and_o of_o theodore_n of_o antioch_n it_o seem_v elias_n be_v turn_v to_o theodore_n again_o and_o theodore_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v read_v and_o approve_v in_o this_o council_n of_o nice_a than_o which_o with_o his_o holiness_n leave_n there_o never_o be_v a_o more_o notorious_a falsehood_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o of_o tarasius_n who_o upon_o the_o approbation_n of_o these_o letter_n of_o the_o monk_n cry_v out_o 154_o that_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n be_v all_o agree_v and_o the_o whole_a council_n follow_v this_o with_o a_o acclamation_n of_o glory_n be_v to_o god_n that_o have_v unite_v we_o when_o the_o eastern_a patriarch_n know_v nothing_o of_o the_o council_n the_o western_a bishop_n oppose_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o know_v it_o and_o be_v not_o this_o a_o very_a hopeful_a general_n council_n have_v as_o t._n g._n say_v 118._o the_o pope_n legate_n for_o precedent_n and_o the_o vicar_n of_o the_o oriental_a patriarchal_a see_v assist_v in_o it_o 2._o that_o it_o be_v not_o receive_v for_o a_o general_n council_n by_o the_o church_n 7._o for_o even_o in_o the_o greek_a church_n itself_o theophanes_n only_o say_v 389._o that_o the_o emperor_n call_v together_o all_o the_o bishop_n within_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o be_v say_v likewise_o by_o landulphus_n sagax_fw-la only_a theophanes_n will_v have_v it_o believe_v that_o the_o oriental_a patriarch_n send_v their_o legate_n 733._o which_o be_v very_o false_a as_o not_o only_o appear_v from_o the_o very_a act_n of_o the_o council_n wherein_o the_o monk_n letter_n be_v insert_v but_o because_o this_o council_n be_v not_o receive_v many_o year_n after_o in_o those_o patriarchal_a see_v which_o be_v evident_a from_o photius_n his_o encyclical_a epistle_n to_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n and_o other_o 60._o not_o long_o since_o publish_v in_o greek_a from_o a_o ms._n bring_v out_o of_o the_o east_n wherein_o photius_n expostulate_v the_o case_n why_o the_o nicene_n council_n be_v not_o receive_v among_o they_o as_o the_o six_o general_a council_n be_v in_o that_o copy_n which_o be_v extant_a in_o baronius_n translate_v by_o metius_n and_o with_o great_a diligence_n compare_v with_o two_o mss._n whereof_o one_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a one_o it_o be_v say_v express_o 33._o that_o it_o be_v report_v among_o they_o that_o none_o of_o the_o church_n under_o the_o apostolical_a see_v of_o alexandria_n do_v own_o the_o nicene_n synod_n for_o a_o general_n council_n which_o in_o b._n montague_n copy_n be_v mitigate_v into_o some_o but_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o his_o discourse_n it_o appear_v it_o be_v not_o publish_v in_o their_o church_n nor_o receive_v among_o they_o as_o a_o general_n council_n and_o he_o use_v many_o argument_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o it_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o say_v that_o thomas_n be_v present_a in_o it_o from_o his_o see_n and_o other_o with_o he_o but_o he_o do_v not_o say_v he_o come_v as_o legate_n and_o he_o have_v find_v out_o companion_n for_o he_o too_o which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o nicene_n council_n discover_v and_o yet_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o persecution_n of_o the_o saracen_n the_o act_n of_o that_o council_n never_o come_v to_o they_o which_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a if_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n send_v a_o legate_n thither_o baronius_n ingenuous_o confess_v that_o this_o nicene_n council_n be_v not_o receive_v as_o a_o ecumenical_a council_n in_o any_o of_o the_o eastern_a patriarchates_n 6._o except_v only_o that_o of_o constantinople_n and_o he_o be_v very_o hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v own_v as_o such_o even_a at_o rome_n itself_o because_o nicholaus_fw-la 1._o in_o a_o council_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o cause_n of_o photius_n reckon_v up_o but_o six_o general_a council_n which_o photius_n upbraid_v he_o with_o and_o it_o be_v but_o a_o pitiful_a pretence_n which_o baronius_n have_v for_o it_o viz._n that_o they_o have_v only_o a_o bad_a translation_n of_o it_o such_o a_o one_o as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v of_o hadrian_o procure_v as_o anastasius_n say_v 119._o if_o they_o have_v receive_v it_o as_o a_o general_n council_n where_o be_v the_o authentic_a act_n of_o it_o or_o if_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v greek_a can_v they_o not_o have_v procure_v a_o better_a latin_a translation_n before_o the_o time_n of_o anastasius_n but_o the_o plain_a truth_n be_v although_o pope_n hadrian_n join_v with_o it_o and_o will_v not_o allow_v tarasius_n his_o be_v patriarch_n till_o he_o undertake_v to_o get_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n confirm_v yet_o the_o nicene_n council_n be_v so_o very_o ill_o receive_v in_o the_o western_a church_n that_o the_o follow_a pope_n be_v ashamed_a to_o call_v it_o a_o ecumenical_a council_n as_o binius_fw-la confess_v in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o baronius_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n and_o long_o after_o their_o time_n it_o be_v so_o little_o know_v or_o esteem_v in_o the_o western_a part_n 775._o that_o aquinas_n and_o the_o ancient_a schoolman_n never_o mention_v it_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o image_n but_o determine_v express_o against_o it_o which_o either_o show_v it_o be_v not_o know_v or_o have_v not_o any_o value_n put_v upon_o it_o for_o if_o baronius_n his_o reason_n hold_v good_a as_o soon_o as_o anastasius_n have_v finish_v his_o translation_n this_o council_n will_v have_v be_v as_o much_o know_v here_o as_o any_o other_o and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o so_o many_o schoolman_n be_v concern_v to_o justify_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o they_o be_v so_o much_o to_o seek_v for_o argument_n to_o defend_v it_o that_o they_o will_v have_v leap_v for_o joy_n to_o have_v have_v a_o decree_n of_o a_o allow_a general_n council_n on_o their_o side_n or_o if_o they_o have_v find_v it_o against_o they_o they_o will_v some_o way_n or_o other_o have_v answer_v it_o but_o the_o great_a testimony_n against_o it_o be_v the_o council_n of_o francford_n 8._o which_o express_o condemn_v it_o and_o as_o sirmondus_n confess_v francford_n do_v not_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o oecumenial_a council_n because_o none_o but_o greek_n meet_v in_o it_o and_o other_o church_n be_v not_o ask_v their_o opinion_n nay_o he_o say_v that_o pope_n hadrian_n himself_o do_v not_o give_v it_o the_o title_n of_o a_o general_n council_n to_o this_o t._n g._n answer_n 148_o that_o what_o weight_n soever_o that_o exception_n carry_v at_o that_o time_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a now_o it_o have_v no_o force_n at_o all_o since_o the_o council_n itself_o have_v for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n be_v accept_v as_o a_o true_a and_o lawful_a general_n council_n and_o its_o doctrine_n as_o catholic_n by_o all_o the_o province_n of_o christendom_n and_o the_o contrary_a to_o it_o condemn_v for_o heresy_n this_o latter_a be_v evident_o false_a as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o the_o other_o for_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o own_o writer_n the_o copy_n of_o this_o nicene_n council_n lie_v bury_v in_o these_o western_a part_n for_o many_o age_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o give_v why_o the_o schoolman_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o and_o in_o the_o former_a century_n the_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v first_o publish_v from_o some_o mss._n that_o be_v very_o little_o know_v the_o account_n whereof_o be_v that_o this_o council_n meet_v with_o so_o brisk_a a_o opposition_n from_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n and_o afterward_o from_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n and_o be_v reject_v here_o in_o england_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o our_o historian_n the_o very_a name_n of_o it_o be_v almost_o quite_o forget_v thence_o it_o never_o be_v once_o cite_v either_o by_o jonas_n aurelianensis_fw-la or_o walafridus_n strabo_n as_o spalatensis_n observe_v 59_o when_o they_o have_v the_o