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animal_n in_o the_o world_n and_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o body_n do_v not_o only_o by_o their_o quality_n work_v upon_o our_o sense_n but_o upon_o other_o and_o those_o inanimate_a body_n as_o the_o coal_n will_v not_o only_a heat_n or_o burn_v a_o man_n hand_n if_o he_o touch_v it_o but_o will_v likewise_o heat_v wax_n even_o so_o much_o as_o to_o melt_v it_o and_o make_v it_o slow_a and_o thaw_v ice_n into_o water_n though_o all_o the_o man_n and_o sensitive_a being_n in_o the_o world_n be_v annihilate_v to_o clear_v this_o difficulty_n i_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o represent_v and_o 1._o i_o say_v not_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o accident_n in_o body_n than_o colour_n odour_n and_o the_o like_a for_o i_o have_v already_o teach_v that_o there_o be_v simple_a and_o more_o primitive_a affection_n of_o matter_n from_o which_o these_o secondary_a quality_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o do_v depend_v and_o that_o the_o operation_n of_o body_n upon_o one_o another_o spring_n 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than_o a_o far_o great_a force_n will_v do_v if_o the_o texture_n and_o contrivance_n of_o the_o clock_n do_v not_o abundant_o contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o so_o great_a a_o effect_n and_o in_o agitate_v water_n into_o froth_n the_o whiteness_n will_v never_o be_v produce_v by_o that_o motion_n be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o sun_n or_o other_o lucid_a body_n shine_v upon_o that_o aggregate_v of_o small_a bubble_n enable_v they_o to_o reflect_v confuse_o great_a store_n of_o little_a and_o as_o it_o be_v contiguous_a lucid_a image_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o so_o the_o give_v to_o a_o large_a metalline_a speculum_fw-la a_o concave_a figure_n will_v never_o enable_v it_o to_o set_v wood_n on_o fire_n and_o even_o to_o melt_v down_o metal_n ready_o if_o the_o sun_n beam_n that_o in_o cloudless_a day_n do_v as_o to_o sense_n fill_v the_o air_n be_v not_o by_o the_o help_n of_o that_o concavity_n throw_v together_o to_o a_o point_n and_o to_o show_v you_o by_o a_o eminent_a instance_n how_o various_a and_o how_o differ_v effect_n the_o same_o action_n of_o a_o natural_a agent_n may_v produce_v according_a to_o the_o several_a disposition_n of_o the_o body_n it_o work_v upon_o do_v but_o consider_v that_o in_o two_o egg_n the_o one_o prolific_a the_o other_o barren_a the_o sense_n can_v perhaps_o distinguish_v before_o incubation_n no_o difference_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n outward_o so_o like_a do_v so_o differ_v in_o the_o internal_a disposition_n of_o their_o part_n that_o if_o they_o be_v both_o expose_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n whether_o of_o a_o hen_n or_o a_o artificial_a oven_n that_o heat_n will_v change_v the_o one_o into_o a_o putrid_a and_o stink_a substance_n and_o the_o other_o into_o a_o chick_n furnish_v with_o great_a variety_n of_o organical_a
know_o confess_v themselves_o unable_a to_o explain_v they_o or_o unwitting_o prove_v themselves_o sennertus_fw-la to_o be_v so_o by_o give_v but_o unsatisfactory_a explication_n of_o they_o it_o will_v not_o i_o presume_v be_v expect_v that_o i_o who_o now_o write_v but_o note_n shall_v enumerate_v much_o less_o examine_v all_o the_o various_a opinion_n touch_v the_o origine_fw-la and_o nature_n of_o form_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n if_o have_v already_o intimate_v in_o our_o hypothesis_n what_o according_a to_o that_o may_v be_v think_v of_o this_o subject_a we_o now_o brief_o consider_v the_o general_a opinion_n of_o our_o modern_a aristotelian_o and_o the_o school_n concern_v it_o i_o say_v the_o modern_a aristotelian_o because_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_n especial_o greek_a commentator_n of_o aristotle_n seem_v to_o have_v understand_v their_o master_n doctrine_n of_o form_n much_o otherwise_o and_o less_o incongruous_o than_o his_o latin_a follower_n the_o 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in_o the_o indagation_n of_o they_o have_v free_o acknowledge_v as_o the_o more_o candid_a of_o the_o peripatetic_n general_o do_v that_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o form_n be_v too_o difficult_a and_o abstruse_a to_o be_v attain_v by_o they_o and_o how_o like_v it_o be_v that_o particular_a phaenomena_n will_v be_v explain_v by_o a_o principal_a who_o nature_n be_v confess_o ignore_v i_o leave_v you_o to_o judge_n but_o because_o to_o these_o consideration_n i_o often_o have_v have_v and_o shall_v have_v here_o and_o there_o occasion_n to_o say_v something_o in_o the_o body_n of_o these_o note_n i_o shall_v at_o present_a insist_v upon_o the_o three_o which_o be_v that_o i_o can_v conceive_v neither_o how_o form_n can_v be_v generate_v as_o the_o peripatetic_n will_v have_v it_o nor_o how_o the_o thing_n they_o ascribe_v to_o they_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o principle_n of_o true_a philosophy_n or_o even_o with_o what_o themselves_o otherwise_o teach_v the_o manner_n how_o form_n be_v educe_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o matter_n according_a to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o form_n wherein_o the_o school_n general_o enough_o agree_v be_v a_o thing_n so_o inexplicable_a that_o i_o wonder_v not_o it_o have_v put_v acute_a man_n upon_o several_a hypothesis_n to_o make_v it_o out_o and_o indeed_o the_o number_n of_o these_o be_v of_o late_o grow_v too_o great_a to_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v here_o recite_v especial_o since_o i_o find_v they_o all_o so_o very_o unsatisfactory_a that_o i_o can_v but_o think_v the_o acute_a stickler_n for_o any_o of_o they_o be_v rather_o drive_v to_o embrace_v it_o by_o the_o palpable_a inconvenience_n of_o the_o way_n they_o reject_v then_o by_o any_o thing_n they_o find_v to_o satisfy_v they_o in_o that_o which_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o confess_v i_o find_v so_o much_o reason_n in_o what_o each_o party_n say_v against_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o rest_n that_o i_o think_v they_o all_o confute_v well_o and_o none_o do_v well_o establish_v but_o my_o present_a way_n of_o write_v forbid_v i_o to_o insist_v on_o many_o argument_n against_o the_o doctrine_n where_o they_o most_o agree_v i_o shall_v only_o urge_v that_o which_o i_o confess_v chief_o stick_n with_o i_o namely_o that_o i_o find_v it_o not_o comprehensible_a i_o know_v the_o modern_a schoolman_n fly_v here_o to_o their_o wont_a refuge_n of_o a_o obscure_a distinction_n and_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o power_n of_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o form_n be_v partly_o eductive_a as_o the_o agent_n caâ—_n make_v the_o form_n out_o of_o it_o and_o partly_o receptive_a whereby_o it_o can_v receive_v the_o forâ—_n so_o make_v but_o since_o those_o that_o say_v this_o will_v not_o allow_v that_o the_o form_n of_o a_o generate_v body_n be_v actual_o preaexistent_a in_o its_o matter_n or_o indeed_o any_o where_o else_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o conceive_v how_o a_o substance_n can_v be_v educe_v out_o of_o another_o substance_n total_o distinct_a in_o nature_n from_o it_o without_o be_v before_o such_o eduction_n actual_o existent_a in_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o receptive_a power_n of_o the_o matter_n that_o but_o fit_v it_o to_o receive_v or_o lodge_v a_o form_n when_o bring_v to_o be_v unite_v with_o it_o how_o can_v it_o be_v intelligible_o make_v out_o to_o contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o new_a substance_n of_o a_o quite_o differ_v nature_n from_o that_o matter_n though_o it_o harbour_v it_o when_o produce_v and_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o humane_a body_n have_v a_o receptive_a power_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o humane_a soul_n which_o yet_o themselves_o confess_v both_o to_o be_v a_o substantial_a form_n and_o not_o to_o be_v educe_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o matter_n indeed_o if_o they_o will_v admit_v the_o form_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n to_o be_v but_o a_o more_o fine_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o matter_n as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v of_o wine_n which_o upon_o its_o recess_n remain_v no_o long_a wine_n but_o phlegm_n or_o vinegar_n than_o the_o eductive_a power_n of_o matter_n may_v signify_v something_o and_o so_o it_o may_v if_o with_o we_o they_o will_v allow_v the_o form_n to_o be_v but_o a_o modification_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o than_o it_o will_v import_v bâ—_n that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v so_o order_v â—â—_o dispose_v by_o fit_a agent_n as_o to_o constitute_v a_o body_n of_o such_o a_o sort_n and_o denomination_n and_o so_o to_o resume_v that_o example_n the_o form_n of_o a_o sphere_n may_v be_v say_v 〈◊〉_d lurk_v potential_o in_o a_o piece_n of_o brass_n in_o aâ—_n much_o as_o that_o brass_n may_v by_o cast_v tuâ—ning_a or_o otherwise_o be_v so_o figure_v as_o â—_o become_v a_o sphere_n but_o this_o they_o wâ—_n not_o admit_v lest_o they_o shall_v make_v form_n to_o be_v but_o accident_n though_o it_o be_v â—o_o ought_v i_o know_v as_o little_a intelligible_a hoâ—_n what_o be_v educe_v out_o of_o any_o matter_n without_o be_v either_o preaexistent_a or_o be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n can_v be_v a_o trâ—_n substance_n as_o how_o that_o roundness_n thaâ—_n make_v a_o piece_n of_o brass_n become_v a_o sphere_n can_v be_v a_o new_a substance_n in_o it_o nor_o caâ—_n they_o admit_v the_o other_o way_n of_o educe_a 〈◊〉_d form_n out_o of_o matter_n as_o spirit_n be_v out_o oâ—_n wine_n because_o than_o not_o only_a matter_n will_v be_v corruptible_a against_o their_o ground_n but_o matter_n and_o form_n will_v not_o be_v two_o differ_v and_o substantial_a principle_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o though_o diversify_v by_o firmness_n and_o grosseness_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v but_o accidental_a difference_n i_o know_v they_o speak_v much_o of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o agent_n upon_o the_o matter_n in_o the_o generation_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o tell_v we_o strange_a thing_n of_o his_o
overwelcome_a to_o the_o votary_n of_o the_o school_n philosophy_n as_o to_o refuse_v a_o compliance_n with_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o friend_n who_o have_v be_v long_o since_o very_a earnest_n with_o he_o not_o to_o spend_v that_o time_n in_o reply_v to_o particular_a person_n which_o may_v be_v more_o useful_o employ_v in_o pursue_v further_a discovery_n of_o nature_n by_o experiment_n if_o he_o meet_v with_o any_o cogent_n and_o material_a objection_n against_o any_o of_o his_o chief_a opinion_n he_o be_v enough_o a_o lover_n of_o truth_n to_o be_v dispose_v to_o think_v himself_o oblige_v by_o those_o that_o shall_v show_v he_o he_o mistake_v and_o to_o take_v occasion_n to_o reform_v they_o but_o if_o nothing_o new_a or_o weighty_a be_v urg_n d_o he_o consider_v that_o he_o live_v in_o a_o age_n wherein_o he_o have_v observe_v even_o in_o his_o own_o case_n that_o truth_n if_o recommend_v by_o real_a experiment_n will_v in_o time_n make_v their_o own_o way_n and_o wherein_o 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alteration_n and_o sometime_o generation_n or_o corruption_n and_o it_o be_v chief_o by_o the_o knowledge_n such_o as_o it_o be_v that_o experience_n not_o art_n have_v teach_v we_o of_o these_o differ_a quality_n of_o body_n that_o we_o be_v enable_v by_o a_o due_a application_n of_o agent_n to_o patient_n to_o exercise_v the_o little_a empire_n that_o we_o have_v either_o acquire_v or_o regain_v over_o the_o creature_n but_o i_o think_v not_o the_o contemplation_n of_o quality_n more_o noble_a &_o useful_a than_o i_o find_v it_o difficult_a for_o what_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v teach_v we_o of_o quality_n in_o the_o school_n be_v so_o slight_a and_o ill_o ground_v that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o they_o have_v not_o rather_o obscure_v then_o illustrate_v the_o thing_n they_o shall_v have_v explain_v and_o i_o be_v quick_o discourage_v from_o expect_v to_o learn_v much_o from_o they_o of_o the_o nature_n â—_o divers_a particular_a quality_n when_o i_o find_v that_o except_o some_o few_o which_o they_o tell_v you_o iâ—_n general_n may_v be_v deduce_v by_o way_n they_o leave_v those_o to_o guess_v at_o that_o can_v from_o those_o four_o quality_n they_o be_v please_v to_o call_v the_o first_o they_o confess_v that_o the_o rest_n spring_n from_o those_o form_n of_o body_n who_o particular_a nature_n the_o judicious_a of_o they_o acknowledge_v they_o can_v comprehend_v and_o aristotle_n himself_o not_o only_o do_v as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o give_v we_o of_o quality_n in_o general_n which_o yet_o seem_v far_o more_o easy_o defineable_a than_o many_o a_o particular_a quality_n no_o other_o than_o such_o a_o definition_n as_o be_v as_o obscure_a as_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v declare_v by_o it_o but_o i_o observe_v not_o without_o some_o wonder_n that_o in_o his_o eight_o book_n of_o physics_n where_o he_o profess_o treat_v of_o the_o general_n affection_n of_o natural_a thing_n he_o leave_v out_o the_o doctrine_n of_o quality_n as_o after_o he_o magirus_n 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happen_v in_o the_o object_n themselves_o to_o make_v they_o cause_n in_o we_o a_o perception_n sometime_o of_o one_o quality_n and_o sometime_o of_o another_o beside_o that_o his_o explication_n do_v many_o of_o they_o so_o depend_v upon_o his_o peculiar_a notion_n of_o a_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la globuli_fw-la secundi_fw-la elementi_fw-la and_o the_o like_a and_o these_o as_o it_o become_v so_o great_a a_o person_n he_o have_v so_o interweave_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o they_o can_v seldom_o be_v make_v use_v of_o without_o adopt_v his_o whole_a philosophy_n epicurus_n indeed_o and_o his_o scholiast_n lucretius_n have_v give_v some_o good_a hint_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o some_o few_o quality_n but_o beside_o that_o even_o these_o explication_n be_v divers_a of_o they_o either_o doubtful_a or_o imperfect_a or_o both_o there_o be_v many_o other_o quality_n which_o be_v leave_v for_o other_o to_o treat_v of_o and_o this_o be_v the_o second_o and_o 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actual_a motion_n neither_o a_o knife_n nor_o razor_n will_v actual_o cut_v how_o much_o soever_o their_o shape_n &_o other_o quality_n may_v â—it_n they_o to_o do_v so_o and_o so_o brimstone_n what_o disposition_n of_o part_n soever_o it_o have_v to_o be_v turn_v into_o flame_n will_v never_o be_v kindle_v unless_o some_o actual_a fire_n or_o other_o parcel_n of_o vehement_o and_o various_o agitate_a matter_n shall_v put_v the_o sulphureous_a corpuscle_n into_o a_o very_a brisk_a motion_n iii_o these_o two_o grand_a and_o most_o catholic_n principle_n of_o body_n matter_n and_o motion_n be_v thus_o establish_v it_o will_v follow_v both_o that_o matter_n must_v be_v actual_o divide_v into_o part_n that_o be_v the_o genuine_a effect_n of_o various_o determine_v motion_n and_o that_o each_o of_o the_o primitive_a fragment_n or_o other_o distinct_a and_o entire_a mass_n of_o matter_n must_v have_v two_o attribute_n it_o be_v own_o magnitude_n or_o rather_o size_n and_o its_o own_o 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separately_z from_o the_o thing_n or_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v as_o a_o white_a wall_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o inhesion_n of_o the_o whiteness_n we_o see_v in_o it_o which_o selfsame_a whiteness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o wall_n as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o yet_o can_v the_o selfsame_a whiteness_n according_a to_o our_o logician_n exist_v any_o where_o out_o of_o the_o wall_n though_o many_o other_o body_n may_v have_v the_o like_a degree_n of_o whiteness_n this_o premised_a it_o will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o discover_v the_o falsity_n of_o the_o late_o mention_v scholastic_a opinion_n touch_v real_a quality_n and_o accident_n their_o doctrine_n about_o which_o do_v i_o confess_v appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v either_o unintelligible_a or_o manifest_o contradictious_a for_o speak_v in_o a_o physical_a sense_n if_o they_o will_v not_o allow_v these_o accident_n to_o be_v modes_n of_o matter_n but_o entity_n real_o distinct_a from_o it_o and_o in_o some_o case_n separable_a from_o all_o matter_n they_o make_v they_o indeed_o accident_n in_o name_n but_o represent_v they_o under_o such_o a_o notion_n as_o belong_v only_o to_o substance_n the_o nature_n of_o a_o substance_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o can_v subsist_v of_o itself_o without_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n else_o as_o in_o a_o subject_n of_o inhaesion_n so_o that_o to_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o quality_n or_o other_o accident_n may_v subsist_v without_o a_o subject_n be_v indeed_o whatever_o they_o please_v to_o call_v it_o to_o allow_v it_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o substance_n nor_o will_v their_o groundless_a distinction_n do_v any_o more_o than_o keep_v they_o from_o seem_v to_o contradict_v themselves_o in_o word_n whilst_o unprepossess_v person_n see_v that_o they_o do_v it_o in_o effect_n nor_o can_v i_o ever_o find_v it_o intelligible_o make_v out_o what_o these_o real_a quality_n may_v be_v that_o they_o deny_v to_o be_v either_o matter_n or_o mode_n of_o matter_n or_o immaterial_a 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part_n of_o very_o differ_v consistence_n and_o curious_a as_o well_o as_o differ_v texture_n 4._o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o body_n may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o very_a favourable_a sense_n to_o have_v those_o quality_n we_o call_v sensible_a though_o there_o be_v no_o animal_n in_o the_o world_n for_o a_o body_n in_o that_o case_n may_v differ_v from_o those_o body_n which_o now_o be_v quite_o devoid_a of_o quality_n in_o its_o have_v such_o a_o disposition_n of_o its_o constituent_a corpuscle_n that_o in_o case_n it_o be_v due_o apply_v to_o the_o sensory_a of_o a_o animal_n it_o will_v produce_v such_o a_o sensible_a quality_n which_o a_o body_n of_o another_o texture_n will_v not_o as_o though_o if_o there_o be_v no_o animal_n there_o will_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o pain_n yet_o a_o pin_n may_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o figure_n be_v fit_v to_o cause_v pain_n in_o case_n it_o be_v move_v against_o a_o man_n finger_n whereas_o a_o bullet_n or_o other_o blunt_a body_n move_v against_o it_o with_o no_o great_a force_n will_v not_o cause_v any_o such_o perception_n of_o pain_n and_o thus_o snow_n though_o if_o there_o be_v no_o lucid_a body_n nor_o organ_n of_o sight_n in_o the_o world_n it_o will_v exhibit_v no_o colour_n at_o all_o for_o i_o can_v not_o find_v it_o have_v any_o in_o place_n exact_o darken_v yet_o it_o have_v a_o great_a disposition_n than_o a_o coal_n or_o soot_n to_o reflect_v store_n of_o light_a outward_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o all_o three_o and_o so_o we_o say_v that_o a_o lute_n be_v in_o tune_n whether_o it_o be_v actual_o play_v upon_o or_o no_o if_o the_o string_n be_v all_o so_o due_o stretch_v as_o that_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v in_o tune_n if_o it_o be_v play_v upon_o but_o as_o if_o you_o shall_v thrust_v a_o pin_n into_o a_o man_n finger_n both_o a_o while_n before_o and_o after_o his_o death_n though_o the_o pin_n be_v as_o sharp_a at_o one_o time_n as_o at_o another_o and_o make_v in_o both_o case_n alike_o a_o solution_n of_o continuity_n yet_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o action_n of_o the_o pin_n will_v produce_v pain_n and_o not_o in_o the_o latter_a because_o in_o this_o the_o prick_v body_n want_v the_o soul_n and_o consequent_o the_o perceptive_a faculty_n so_o if_o there_o be_v no_o sensitive_a being_n those_o body_n that_o be_v now_o the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n will_v be_v but_o dispositive_o if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v endow_v with_o colour_n taste_n and_o the_o like_a and_o actual_o but_o only_o with_o those_o more_o catholic_n affection_n of_o body_n figure_n motion_n texture_n etc._n etc._n to_o illustrate_v this_o yet_o a_o little_a far_o suppose_v a_o man_n shall_v beat_v a_o drum_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o cave_n convenient_o situate_v to_o return_v the_o noise_n he_o make_v although_o man_n will_v present_o conclude_v that_o that_o cave_n have_v a_o echo_n and_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o fancy_v upon_o that_o account_n some_o real_a property_n in_o the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o echo_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v and_o although_o indeed_o the_o same_o noise_n make_v in_o many_o other_o of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n will_v not_o be_v reflect_v to_o the_o ear_n and_o consequent_o will_v manifest_v those_o place_n to_o have_v no_o echo_n yet_o to_o speak_v physical_o of_o thing_n this_o peculiar_a quality_n or_o property_n we_o fancy_n in_o the_o cave_n be_v in_o it_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o hollowness_n of_o its_o figure_n whereby_o it_o be_v so_o dispose_v as_o when_o the_o air_n beat_v against_o it_o to_o reflect_v the_o motion_n towards_o the_o place_n whence_o that_o motion_n begin_v and_o that_o which_o pass_v on_o this_o occasion_n be_v indeed_o but_o this_o that_o the_o drum_n stick_v fall_v upon_o the_o drum_n make_v a_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o put_v that_o fluid_a body_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n and_o the_o airy_a wave_n thrust_v on_o one_o another_o till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o hollow_a superficies_n of_o the_o cave_n have_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o resistance_n and_o figure_n their_o motion_n determine_v the_o contrary_a way_n namely_o backward_o towards_o that_o part_n where_o the_o drum_n be_v when_o it_o be_v strike_v so_o that_o in_o that_o which_o here_o happen_v there_o intervene_v nothing_o but_o the_o figure_n of_o one_o body_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o another_o though_o if_o a_o man_n ear_n chance_v to_o be_v in_o the_o way_n of_o these_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n forward_o and_o backward_o it_o give_v he_o a_o perception_n of_o they_o which_o he_o call_v sound_n and_o because_o these_o perception_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o percussion_n of_o the_o drum_n and_o thereby_o of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v at_o distinct_a time_n one_o after_o another_o that_o hollow_a body_n from_o whence_o the_o last_o sound_n be_v conceive_v to_o come_v to_o the_o air_n be_v imagine_v to_o have_v a_o peculiar_a faculty_n upon_o who_o account_n man_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o such_o a_o place_n have_v a_o echo_n 5._o and_o whereas_o one_o body_n do_v often_o seem_v to_o produce_v in_o another_o divers_a such_o quality_n as_o we_o call_v sensible_a which_o quality_n therefore_o seem_v not_o to_o need_v any_o reference_n to_o our_o sense_n i_o consider_v that_o when_o one_o inanimate_a body_n work_v upon_o another_o there_o be_v nothing_o real_o produce_v by_o the_o agent_n in_o the_o patient_n save_v some_o local_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n or_o some_o change_n of_o texture_n consequent_a upon_o that_o motion_n and_o so_o if_o the_o patient_n come_v to_o have_v any_o sensible_a quality_n that_o it_o have_v not_o before_o it_o acquire_v it_o upon_o the_o same_o account_n upon_o which_o other_o body_n have_v it_o and_o it_o be_v but_o a_o consequent_a to_o this_o mechanical_a change_n of_o texture_n that_o by_o mean_n of_o its_o effect_n upon_o our_o organ_n of_o sense_n we_o be_v induce_v to_o attribute_v this_o or_o that_o sensible_a quality_n to_o it_o as_o in_o case_n a_o pin_n shall_v chance_v by_o some_o inanimate_a body_n to_o be_v drive_v against_o a_o man_n finger_n that_o which_o the_o agent_n do_v be_v but_o to_o put_v a_o sharp_a and_o slend_a body_n into_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o motion_n anâ—_n that_o which_o the_o pin_n do_v be_v to_o pierce_v into_o a_o body_n that_o it_o meet_v with_o not_o haâ—â—_n enough_o to_o resist_v its_o motion_n and_o so_o thaâ—_n upon_o this_o there_o shall_v ensue_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o pain_n be_v but_o a_o consequent_a thaâ—_n superadd_v nothing_o of_o real_a to_o the_o pâ—â—_n that_o occasion_n that_o pain_n so_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o transparent_a ice_n be_v by_o the_o fall_a oâ—_n some_o heavy_a and_o hard_a body_n upon_o it_o break_v into_o a_o gross_a powder_n that_o look_v whitish_a the_o fall_a body_n do_v nothing_o to_o the_o ice_n but_o break_v it_o into_o very_a smaâ—_n fragment_n lie_v confuse_o upon_o onâ—_n another_o though_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o our_o eye_n there_o do_v in_o the_o day_n time_n upon_o this_o comminution_n ensue_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o copious_a reflection_n of_o the_o incident_a light_n to_o our_o eye_n as_o we_o call_v whiteness_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o thaw_v this_o break_a ice_n destroy_v the_o whiteness_n of_o that_o portion_n of_o matter_n and_o make_v it_o become_v diaphanous_a which_o it_o be_v not_o before_o it_o do_v no_o more_o than_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o component_a part_n by_o put_v they_o into_o motion_n and_o thereby_o into_o a_o new_a order_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o pore_n intercept_v betwixt_o they_o they_o reflect_v but_o few_o of_o the_o incident_a beam_n of_o light_n and_o transmit_v most_o of_o they_o thus_o when_o with_o a_o burnisher_n you_o polish_v a_o rough_a piece_n of_o silver_n that_o which_o be_v real_o do_v be_v but_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o little_a protuberant_a part_n into_o one_o level_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o superficies_n though_o upon_o this_o mechanical_a change_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n we_o man_n say_v that_o it_o have_v lose_v the_o quality_n of_o roughness_n and_o acquire_v that_o of_o smoothness_n because_o that_o whereas_o before_o the_o little_a exstancy_n by_o their_o figure_n resist_v a_o little_a the_o motion_n of_o our_o finger_n and_o grate_v upon_o they_o a_o little_a our_o finger_n now_o meet_v with_o no_o such_o offensive_a resistance_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o fire_n do_v thaw_v ice_n and_o also_o both_o make_v wax_n slow_a and_o enable_v it_o to_o burn_v a_o man_n hand_n and_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o necessary_o
any_o one_o body_n from_o other_o and_o refer_v it_o to_o this_o or_o thâ—_n species_n of_o body_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o aggregate_v or_o convention_n of_o such_o accident_n as_o most_o man_n do_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o agreement_n for_o the_o thing_n be_v more_o arbitrary_a than_o we_o be_v aware_a of_o think_v necessary_a or_o sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o universal_a matter_n belong_v to_o thâ—_n or_o that_o determinate_a genus_fw-la or_o species_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o therefore_o noâ—_n only_o the_o generality_n of_o chemist_n be_v diverse_a philosopher_n and_o what_o be_v more_o some_o schoolman_n themselves_o maintain_v it_o to_o be_v possible_a to_o transmute_v the_o ignâ—bler_a metal_n into_o gold_n which_o argue_v that_o if_o a_o man_n can_v bring_v any_o parcel_n oâ—_n matter_n to_o be_v yellow_a and_o malleable_a and_o ponderous_n and_o fix_v in_o the_o fire_n anâ—_n upon_o the_o test_n and_o indissoluble_a in_o aquâ—_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o in_o some_o to_o have_v a_o concurrence_n of_o all_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o man_n try_v true_a gold_n from_o false_a theâ—_n will_v take_v it_o for_o true_a gold_n without_o scruple_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n will_v leave_v the_o school-doctor_n to_o dispute_v whether_o be_v a_o factitious_a body_n as_o make_v by_o the_o chemist_n art_n it_o have_v the_o substantial_a form_n of_o gold_n and_o will_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o convention_n of_o the_o fresh_o mention_v accident_n let_v it_o pass_v current_n among_o they_o notwithstanding_o most_o man_n great_a care_n not_o to_o be_v deceive_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n then_o in_o any_o other_o and_o indeed_o since_o to_o every_o determinate_a species_n of_o body_n there_o do_v belong_v more_o than_o one_o quality_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o concurrence_n of_o many_o be_v so_o essential_a to_o that_o sort_n of_o body_n that_o the_o want_n of_o any_o of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o exclude_v it_o from_o belong_v to_o that_o species_n there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o discriminate_a sufficient_o any_o one_o kind_a of_o body_n from_o all_o the_o body_n in_o the_o world_n that_o be_v not_o of_o that_o kind_n as_o the_o chemist_n luna_fw-la â—ixa_fw-la which_o they_o tell_v we_o want_v not_o the_o weight_n the_o malleablenesse_n nor_o the_o fixtness_n nor_o any_o other_o property_n of_o gold_n except_o the_o yellowness_n which_o make_v they_o call_v it_o white_a gold_n will_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o want_n of_o colour_n be_v easy_o know_v from_o true_a gold_n and_o you_o will_v not_o wonder_v at_o this_o if_o you_o consider_v that_o those_o sphere_n and_o parallelopipedon_n differ_v but_o in_o shape_n yet_o this_o difference_n alone_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o so_o many_o other_o that_o euclid_n and_o other_o geometrician_n have_v demonstrate_v i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o property_n of_o the_o one_o which_o do_v no_o way_n belong_v to_o the_o other_o and_o 8._o aristotle_n himself_o somewhere_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o sphere_n be_v compose_v of_o brass_n and_o roundness_n and_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v think_v a_o man_n be_v own_o fault_n if_o he_o can_v not_o distinguish_v a_o needle_n from_o a_o file_n or_o a_o key_n from_o a_o pair_n of_o scissors_o though_o these_o be_v all_o make_v of_o iron_n and_o differ_v but_o in_o bigness_n and_o shape_n be_v less_o remarkable_o diverse_a then_o natural_a body_n the_o most_o part_n of_o which_o differ_v from_o each_o other_o in_o far_o more_o accident_n then_o two_n nor_o need_v we_o think_v that_o quality_n be_v but_o accident_n they_o can_v be_v essential_a to_o a_o natural_a body_n for_o accident_n as_o i_o former_o note_v be_v sometime_o oppose_v to_o substance_n and_o sometime_o to_o essence_n and_o though_o a_o accident_n can_v be_v but_o accidental_a to_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v a_o substantial_a thing_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v essential_a to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a body_n as_o in_o aristotle_n new_o mention_v example_n though_o roundness_n be_v but_o accidental_a to_o brass_n yet_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o brazen_a sphere_n because_o though_o the_o brass_n be_v devoid_a of_o roundness_n as_o if_o it_o be_v cubical_a or_o of_o any_o other_o figure_n it_o will_v still_o be_v a_o corporeal_a substance_n yet_o without_o that_o roundness_n it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o sphere_n wherefore_o since_o a_o aggregate_v or_o convention_n of_o quality_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v the_o portion_n of_o matter_n it_o be_v find_v in_o what_o it_o be_v and_o denominate_v it_o of_o this_o or_o that_o determinate_a sort_n of_o body_n and_o since_o those_o quality_n as_o we_o have_v see_v already_o do_v themselves_o proceed_v from_o those_o more_o primary_n and_o catholic_n affection_n of_o matter_n bulk_n shape_n motion_n or_o rest_n and_o the_o texture_n thence_o result_v why_o may_v we_o not_o say_v that_o the_o form_n of_o a_o body_n be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o quality_n unite_v in_o one_o subject_a do_v likewise_o consist_v in_o such_o a_o convention_n of_o those_o new_o name_v mechanical_a affection_n of_o matter_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o constitute_v a_o body_n of_o that_o determinate_a kind_n and_o so_o though_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n retain_v the_o word_n form_n yet_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v by_o it_o not_o a_o real_a substance_n distinct_a from_o matter_n but_o only_o the_o matter_n itself_o of_o a_o natural_a body_n consider_v with_o its_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o existence_n which_o i_o think_v may_v not_o inconvenient_o be_v call_v either_o its_o specifical_a or_o its_o denominate_a state_n or_o its_o essential_a modification_n or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v i_o express_v it_o in_o one_o word_n its_o stamp_n for_o such_o a_o convention_n of_o accident_n be_v sufficient_a to_o perform_v the_o office_n that_o be_v necessary_o require_v in_o what_o man_n call_v a_o form_n since_o it_o make_v the_o body_n such_o as_o it_o be_v make_v it_o appertain_v to_o this_o or_o that_o determinate_a species_n of_o body_n and_o discriminate_v it_o from_o all_o other_o species_n of_o body_n whatsoever_o as_o for_o instance_n ponderousness_n ductility_n fixtnesse_n yellowness_n and_o some_o other_o quality_n concur_v in_o a_o portion_n of_o matter_n do_v with_o it_o constitute_v gold_n and_o make_v it_o belong_v to_o that_o species_n we_o call_v metal_n and_o to_o that_o sort_n of_o metal_n we_o call_v gold_n do_v both_o denominate_v and_o discriminate_a it_o from_o stone_n salt_n marchasite_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o body_n that_o be_v not_o metal_n and_o from_o silver_n brass_n copper_n and_o all_o metal_n except_o gold_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o that_o the_o form_n also_o of_o a_o body_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o its_o operation_n we_o shall_v hereafter_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n that_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v or_o reject_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o may_v suffice_v we_o that_o even_o in_o the_o vulgar_a philosophy_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o natural_a thing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n operate_v by_o their_o quality_n as_o snow_n dazzle_v the_o eye_n by_o its_o whiteness_n and_o water_n scatter_v into_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v from_o the_o cloud_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o gravity_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o how_o great_a the_o power_n may_v be_v which_o a_o body_n may_v exercise_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o single_a quality_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o various_a and_o oftentimes_o prodigious_a effect_n which_o fire_n produce_v by_o its_o heat_n when_o thereby_o it_o melt_v metal_n calcines_fw-la stone_n destroy_v whole_a wood_n and_o city_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o several_a active_a quality_n convenâ—_n in_o one_o body_n as_o that_o which_o in_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v mean_v by_o form_n usual_o comprise_v several_a of_o they_o what_o great_a thing_n may_v be_v thereby_o perform_v may_v be_v somewhat_o guess_v at_o by_o the_o strange_a thing_n we_o see_v do_v by_o some_o engine_n which_o be_v as_o engine_n undoubted_o devoid_a of_o substantial_a form_n must_v dâ—_n those_o strange_a thing_n they_o be_v admire_v for_o by_o virtue_n of_o those_o accident_n the_o shape_n size_n motion_n and_o contrivance_n of_o their_o part_n not_o to_o mention_v that_o in_o our_o hypothesis_n beside_o those_o operation_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o essential_a modification_n of_o the_o matter_n as_o the_o body_n compose_v of_o matter_n and_o necessary_a accident_n be_v consider_v per_fw-la modum_fw-la unius_fw-la as_o one_o entire_a corporeal_a agent_n it_o may_v in_o diverse_a case_n have_v other_o operation_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o particular_a corpuscle_n which_o though_o they_o concur_v to_o compose_v it_o and_o be_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o whole_a consider_v but_o as_o its_o part_n may_v yet_o retain_v their_o
the_o corruption_n be_v produce_v only_o for_o aught_o appear_v by_o introduce_v a_o new_a motion_n and_o disposition_n into_o the_o part_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n yet_o it_o thereupon_o cease_v to_o be_v ice_n however_o it_o be_v as_o much_o water_n and_o consequent_o as_o much_o a_o body_n as_o before_o it_o be_v freeze_v or_o thaw_v these_o and_o the_o like_a example_n may_v teach_v we_o right_o to_o understand_v that_o common_a axiom_n of_o naturalist_n corruptio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la generatio_fw-la alterius_fw-la &_o è_fw-la contrà _fw-la for_o since_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o matter_n can_v be_v annihilate_v and_o since_o it_o appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v above_o that_o there_o be_v some_o property_n namely_o size_n shape_n motion_n or_o in_o its_o absence_n rest_v that_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o actual_a part_n of_o matter_n and_o since_o also_o the_o coalition_n of_o any_o competent_a number_n of_o these_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o constitute_v a_o natural_a body_n endow_v with_o diverse_a sensible_a quality_n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o the_o same_o agent_n that_o shatter_v the_o frame_n or_o destroy_v the_o texture_n of_o one_o body_n will_v by_o shuffle_a they_o together_o and_o dispose_v they_o after_o a_o new_a manner_n bring_v they_o to_o constitute_v some_o new_a sort_n of_o body_n as_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o by_o burn_a destroy_v wood_n turn_v it_o into_o flame_n soot_n and_o ash_n only_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o axiom_n do_v general_o holâ—_n true_a if_o it_o be_v mean_v that_o every_o corruption_n must_v end_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o body_n belong_v to_o some_o particular_a species_n â—_o thing_n unless_o we_o take_v powder_n anâ—_n fluid_a body_n indefinite_o for_o speciesâ—_n natural_a body_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a theâ—_n be_v multitude_n of_o vegetable_n and_o other_o concretion_n which_o when_o they_o rot_v dâ—_n not_o as_o some_o other_o do_v turn_v inâ—â—_n worm_n but_o either_o into_o some_o slimy_a oâ—_n watery_a substance_n or_o else_o which_o be_v thâ—_n most_o usual_a they_o crumble_v into_o a_o kinâ—_n of_o dust_n or_o powder_n which_o though_o look_v upon_o as_o be_v the_o earth_n inâ—_n which_o rot_a body_n be_v at_o length_n resolve_v be_v very_o far_o from_o be_v of_o a_o elementary_a nature_n but_o as_o yet_o a_o compound_v body_n retain_v some_o if_o not_o many_o quality_n which_o often_o make_v the_o dâ—_n of_o one_o sort_n of_o plant_n or_o animal_n diffâ—_n much_o from_o that_o of_o another_o and_o thâ—_n will_v supply_v i_o with_o this_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la viz._n that_o since_o in_o those_o violent_a corruption_n of_o body_n that_o be_v make_v by_o outward_a agent_n shatter_v they_o into_o piece_n if_o the_o axiom_n hold_v true_a the_o new_a body_n emergent_a upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o former_a must_v be_v real_o natural_a body_n as_o indeed_o divers_a of_o the_o modern_n hold_v they_o to_o be_v and_o generate_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n as_o when_o wood_n be_v destroy_v by_o fire_n and_o turn_v partly_o into_o flame_n partly_o into_o soot_n partly_o into_o coal_n and_o partly_o into_o ash_n i_o hope_v we_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o conclude_v that_o those_o chemical_a production_n which_o so_o many_o will_v have_v to_o be_v but_o factitious_a body_n be_v natural_a one_o and_o regular_o generate_v for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o agent_n the_o fire_n that_o operate_v upon_o body_n whether_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o in_o close_a glass_n or_o in_o chimney_n i_o see_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o the_o chemical_a oil_n and_o volatile_a salt_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o spagirite_n obtain_v from_o mix_a body_n shall_v not_o be_v account_v natural_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o soot_n and_o ash_n anâ—_n charcoal_n that_o by_o the_o same_o fire_n be_v obtain_v from_o kindle_v wood._n but_o before_o we_o pass_v away_o from_o the_o mention_n of_o the_o corruption_n of_o body_n must_v take_v some_o notice_n of_o what_o be_v call_v their_o putrefaction_n this_o be_v but_o a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o corruption_n wrought_v slow_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o destruction_n by_o fire_n and_o other_o nimble_a agent_n in_o body_n it_o happen_v to_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o mean_n oâ—_n the_o air_n or_o some_o other_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o by_o penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n oâ—_n the_o body_n and_o by_o its_o agitation_n in_o they_o do_v usual_o call_v out_o some_o of_o the_o more_o agile_a and_o less_o entangle_v part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o do_v almost_o ever_o loosen_v and_o dislocate_v the_o part_n in_o general_a and_o thereby_o so_o change_v the_o texture_n and_o perhaps_o too_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n that_o compose_v it_o that_o the_o body_n thus_o change_v acquire_v quality_n unsuitable_a to_o its_o former_a nature_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n offensive_a to_o our_o sense_n especial_o of_o smell_a and_o taste_v which_o last_o clause_n i_o therefore_o add_v not_o only_o because_o the_o vulgar_a look_v not_o upon_o the_o change_n of_o a_o egg_n into_o a_o chick_n as_o a_o corruption_n but_o as_o a_o perfection_n of_o the_o egg_n but_o because_o also_o i_o think_v it_o not_o improbable_a that_o if_o by_o such_o slow_a change_n of_o body_n as_o make_v they_o loose_v their_o former_a nature_n and_o may_v otherwise_o pass_v for_o putrefaction_n many_o body_n shall_v acquire_v better_a send_fw-mi or_o taste_v then_o before_o or_o if_o nature_n custom_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n shall_v much_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o our_o organ_n of_o taste_v and_o smell_a it_o will_v not_o perhaps_o be_v so_o well_o agree_v on_o what_o shall_v be_v call_v putrefaction_n as_o that_o import_v a_o impair_n alteration_n but_o man_n will_v find_v some_o favourable_a notion_n for_o such_o change_n for_o i_o observe_v that_o medlar_n though_o they_o acquire_v in_o length_n of_o time_n such_o a_o colour_n and_o softness_n as_o rot_a apple_n and_o other_o putrified_a fruit_n do_v yet_o because_o their_o taste_n be_v not_o then_o harsh_a as_o before_o we_o call_v that_o ripeness_n in_o they_o which_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v call_v rottenness_n and_o though_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o fourfooted_a beast_n we_o general_o call_v that_o change_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o flesh_n or_o blood_n putrefaction_n yet_o we_o pass_v a_o more_o favourable_a judgement_n upon_o that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o flesh_n and_o other_o soft_a part_n of_o that_o animal_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o large_a rabbit_n or_o very_o small_a and_o hornlesse_a deer_n of_o which_o in_o china_n and_o in_o the_o levant_n they_o make_v musk_n because_o by_o the_o change_n that_o ensue_v the_o animal_n death_n the_o flesh_n acquire_v not_o a_o odious_a but_o a_o grateful_a smell_n and_o we_o see_v that_o some_o man_n who_o appetite_n be_v gratify_v by_o rot_a cheese_n think_v it_o then_o not_o to_o have_v degenerate_v but_o to_o have_v attain_v its_o best_a state_n when_o have_v lose_v its_o former_a colour_n smell_v and_o taste_v and_o which_o be_v more_o be_v in_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o those_o infect_v call_v mite_n it_o be_v both_o in_o a_o philosophical_a sense_n corrupt_v and_o in_o the_o aestimate_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n grow_v putrid_a but_o because_o it_o very_o seldom_o happen_v that_o a_o body_n by_o generation_n acquire_v no_o other_o quality_n then_o just_a those_o that_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o make_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o species_n that_o denominate_v it_o therefore_o in_o most_o body_n there_o be_v diverse_a other_o quality_n that_o may_v be_v there_o or_o may_v be_v miss_v without_o essential_o change_v the_o subject_a as_o water_n may_v be_v clear_a or_o muddy_a odorous_a or_o stink_a and_o still_o remain_v water_n and_o butter_n may_v be_v white_a or_o yellow_a sweet_a or_o rancid_a consistent_a or_o melt_v and_o still_o be_v call_v butter_n now_o therefore_o whensoever_o a_o parcel_n of_o matter_n do_v acquire_v or_o loose_v a_o quality_n that_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o it_o that_o acquisition_n or_o loss_n be_v distinct_o call_v alteration_n or_o by_o some_o mutation_n the_o acquist_n only_o of_o the_o quality_n that_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o constitute_v its_o essential_a and_o specifical_a difference_n or_o the_o loss_n of_o any_o of_o those_o quality_n be_v such_o a_o change_n as_o must_v not_o be_v call_v mere_a alteration_n but_o have_v the_o particular_a name_n of_o generation_n or_o corruption_n both_o which_o according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o several_a kind_n of_o alteration_n take_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n though_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o it_o in_o a_o more_o strict_a and_o limit_a acception_n of_o that_o term_n and_o here_o we_o
manner_n of_o work_v but_o not_o to_o spend_v time_n in_o examine_v those_o obscure_a nicety_n i_o answer_v in_o short_a that_o since_o the_o agent_n be_v he_o what_o he_o will_v be_v but_o a_o physical_a and_o finite_a agent_n and_o since_o what_o way_n soever_o he_o work_v he_o can_v do_v nothing_o repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n the_o difficulty_n that_o stick_v with_o i_o will_v still_o remain_v for_o if_o the_o form_n produce_v in_o generation_n be_v as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o a_o substance_n that_o be_v not_o before_o to_o be_v find_v any_o where_o out_o of_o that_o portion_n of_o matter_n wherewith_o it_o constitute_v the_o generate_v body_n i_o say_v that_o either_o it_o must_v be_v produce_v by_o refine_n or_o subtiliate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n into_o form_n or_o else_o it_o must_v bâ—_n produce_v out_o of_o nothing_o that_o be_v creâ—ted_v for_o i_o see_v no_o three_o way_n how_o a_o substance_n can_v be_v produce_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la if_o they_o allow_v the_o first_o then_o will_v the_o form_n bâ—_n indeed_o a_o substance_n but_o not_o as_o they_o holâ—_n it_o be_v distinct_a from_o matter_n since_o matter_n however_o subtiliate_v be_v matter_n still_o â—_o the_o fine_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v as_o true_o body_n as_o be_v the_o wine_n itself_o that_o yield_v it_o or_o as_o be_v the_o grosser_n phlegm_n from_o which_o it_o be_v extract_v beside_o that_o the_o peripatetic_n teach_v that_o the_o form_n be_v noâ—_n make_v of_o any_o thing_n of_o the_o matter_n nâ—â—_n indeed_o be_v it_o conceivable_a how_o a_o physical_a agent_n can_v turn_v a_o material_a into_o a_o immaterial_a substance_n especial_o matteâ—_n be_v as_o they_o themselves_o confess_v aâ—_n well_o incorruptible_a as_o ingenerable_a bâ—_n if_o they_o will_v not_o allow_v as_o indeed_o they_o do_v not_o that_o the_o substantial_a form_n be_v make_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v material_a they_o must_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v produce_v out_o of_o nothing_o till_o they_o show_v i_o how_o a_o substance_n can_v be_v produce_v otherwise_o that_o exist_v no_o where_o before_o and_o at_o this_o rate_n every_o natural_a body_n of_o a_o special_a denomination_n as_o gold_n marble_n nitre_n etc._n etc._n must_v not_o be_v produce_v bare_o by_o generation_n but_o partly_o by_o generation_n and_o partly_o by_o creation_n and_o since_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o side_n that_o no_o natural_a agent_n can_v produce_v the_o least_o atom_n of_o matter_n it_o be_v strange_a they_o shall_v in_o generation_n allow_v every_o physical_a agent_n the_o power_n of_o produce_v a_o form_n which_o according_a to_o they_o be_v not_o only_o a_o substance_n but_o a_o far_o noble_a one_o then_o matter_n and_o thereby_o attribute_v to_o the_o mean_a creature_n that_o power_n of_o create_v substance_n which_o the_o ancient_a naturalist_n think_v too_o great_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o god_n himself_o and_o which_o indeed_o be_v too_o great_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o than_o he_o and_o therefore_o some_o schoolman_n and_o philosopher_n have_v derive_v form_n immediate_o from_o god_n but_o this_o be_v not_o only_o to_o desert_n aristotle_n and_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n they_o will_v seem_v to_o maintain_v but_o to_o put_v omnipotence_n upon_o work_v i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o thousand_o miracle_n every_o hour_n to_o perform_v that_o i_o mean_v the_o generation_n of_o body_n of_o new_a denomination_n in_o a_o supernatural_a way_n which_o seem_v the_o most_o familiar_a effect_n of_o nature_n in_o her_o ordinary_a course_n and_o as_o the_o production_n of_o form_n out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o matter_n be_v for_o these_o reason_n incomprehensible_a to_o i_o so_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o peripatetic_n ascribe_v to_o their_o substantial_a form_n be_v some_o of_o they_o such_o as_o i_o confess_v i_o can_v reconcile_v my_o reason_n to_o for_o they_o tell_v we_o positive_o that_o these_o form_n be_v substance_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o teach_v that_o they_o depend_v upon_o matter_n both_o in_o fieri_fw-la and_o in_fw-la esse_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v so_o that_o out_o of_o the_o matter_n that_o support_v they_o they_o can_v so_o much_o as_o exist_v whence_o they_o be_v usual_o call_v material_a form_n which_o be_v to_o make_v they_o substance_n in_o name_n and_o but_o accident_n in_o truth_n for_o not_o to_o ask_v how_o among_o physical_a thing_n one_o substance_n can_v be_v say_v to_o depend_v upon_o another_o in_o fieri_fw-la that_o be_v not_o make_v of_o any_o part_n of_o it_o that_o very_a notion_n of_o a_o substance_n be_v to_o be_v a_o self-subsisting_a entity_n or_o that_o which_o need_v no_o other_o create_v be_v to_o support_v it_o or_o to_o make_v it_o exist_v beside_o that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o substance_n material_a and_o immaterial_a a_o substantial_a form_n must_v appertain_v to_o one_o of_o the_o two_o and_o yet_o they_o ascribe_v thing_n to_o it_o that_o make_v it_o very_o unfit_a to_o be_v refer_v to_o either_o to_o all_o this_o i_o add_v that_o these_o imaginary_a material_a form_n do_v almost_o as_o much_o trouble_n the_o doctrine_n of_o corruption_n as_o that_o of_o generation_n for_o if_o a_o form_n be_v a_o true_a substance_n real_o distinct_a from_o matter_n it_o must_v as_o i_o late_o note_v be_v able_a to_o exist_v of_o itself_o without_o any_o other_o substance_n to_o support_v it_o as_o those_o i_o reason_n with_o confess_v that_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n survive_v the_o body_n it_o do_v before_o death_n inform_v whereas_o they_o will_v have_v it_o that_o in_o corruption_n the_o form_n be_v quite_o abolish_v and_o utter_o perish_v as_o not_o be_v capable_a of_o exist_v separate_v from_o the_o matter_n whereunto_o it_o be_v unite_v so_o that_o here_o again_o what_o they_o call_v a_o substance_n they_o make_v indeed_o a_o accident_n and_o beside_o contradict_v their_o own_o vulgar_a doctrine_n that_o natural_a thing_n be_v upon_o their_o corruption_n resolve_v into_o the_o first_o matter_n since_o at_o this_o rate_n they_o shall_v say_v that_o such_o thing_n be_v but_o partly_o resolve_v into_o the_o first_o matter_n and_o partly_o either_o into_o nothing_o or_o into_o form_n which_o be_v as_o well_o immaterial_a as_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n must_v for_o aught_o appear_v be_v also_o like_v they_o account_v immortal_a i_o shall_v now_o examine_v those_o argument_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o school_n to_o evince_v their_o substantial_a form_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o nature_n and_o scope_n of_o my_o present_a work_n enjoin_v i_o brevity_n i_o confess_v that_o one_o or_o two_o except_v the_o argument_n i_o have_v find_v mention_v as_o the_o chief_a be_v rather_o metaphysical_a or_o logical_a then_o ground_v upon_o the_o principle_n and_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n and_o respect_v rather_o word_n than_o thing_n and_o therefore_o i_o who_o have_v neither_o inclination_n nor_o leisure_n to_o wrangle_v about_o term_n shall_v content_v myself_o to_o propose_v and_o very_o brief_o answer_v two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o that_o be_v think_v the_o plausibl_a first_o then_o they_o thus_o argue_v omne_fw-la compositum_fw-la substantiale_fw-la for_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o english_a well_o such_o uncouth_a term_n requirit_fw-la materiam_fw-la &_o formam_fw-la substantialem_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la componatur_fw-la omne_fw-la corpus_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la compositum_fw-la substantiale_fw-la ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o this_o syllogism_n some_o do_v plausible_o enough_o deny_v the_o consequence_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o deny_v the_o minor_a and_o desire_v the_o proposer_n to_o prove_v it_o for_o i_o know_v not_o any_o thing_n in_o nature_n that_o be_v compose_v of_o matter_n and_o a_o substance_n distinct_a from_o matter_n except_o man_n who_o alone_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o immaterial_a form_n and_o a_o humane_a body_n and_o if_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o then_o other_o body_n can_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v composita_fw-la substantialia_fw-la i_o shall_v rather_o than_o wrangle_v with_o they_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o find_v out_o some_o other_o name_n for_o other_o natural_a thing_n but_o then_o they_o argue_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o substantial_a form_n all_o body_n will_v be_v but_o entia_fw-la per_fw-la accidens_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v which_o be_v absurd_a to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o in_o the_o notion_n that_o divers_a learned_a man_n have_v of_o a_o ens_fw-la per_fw-la accidens_fw-la namely_o that_o it_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o those_o thing_n quae_fw-la non_fw-la ordinantur_fw-la ad_fw-la unum_fw-la it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o though_o we_o do_v not_o admit_v substantial_a form_n yet_o we_o need_v not_o admit_v natural_a body_n to_o be_v entia_fw-la per_fw-la accidens_fw-la because_o in_o
matter_n have_v oâ—_n appetite_n to_o these_o accident_n more_o thâ—â—_n to_o any_o other_o they_o demand_v how_o without_o a_o substantial_a form_n these_o accident_n can_v be_v contain_v and_o preserve_v tâ—_n this_o i_o may_v represent_v that_o i_o be_o not_o â—_o well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o notion_n wont_a iâ—_n be_v take_v for_o grant_v not_o only_o by_o the_o vulgar_a but_o by_o philosopher_n of_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o body_n as_o if_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o every_o natural_a body_n for_o a_o to_o some_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o question_v it_o have_v a_o certain_a state_n wherein_o nature_n endeavour_v to_o preserve_v it_o and_o out_o of_o which_o it_o can_v be_v put_v but_o by_o be_v put_v into_o a_o preternatural_a state_n for_o the_o world_n be_v once_o constitute_v by_o the_o great_a author_n of_o thing_n as_o it_o now_o be_v i_o look_v upon_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o local_a motion_n of_o one_o part_n of_o matter_n hit_v against_o another_o and_o be_o not_o so_o full_o convince_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o nature_n design_v to_o keep_v such_o a_o parcel_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o state_n that_o be_v clothe_v with_o just_a such_o accident_n rather_o than_o with_o any_o other_o but_o i_o look_v upon_o many_o body_n especial_o fluid_a one_o as_o frequent_o change_v their_o state_n according_a as_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o agitate_a or_o otherwise_o wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o considerable_a agent_n in_o nature_n as_o the_o air_n water_n and_o other_o fluid_n if_o the_o temperature_n as_o to_o cold_a or_o heat_n and_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n which_o they_o be_v in_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n here_o at_o london_n be_v pitch_v upon_o as_o their_o natural_a state_n than_o not_o only_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o freeze_a zone_n they_o must_v have_v other_o and_o very_a differ_v natural_a state_n but_o here_o itself_o they_o will_v almost_o all_o the_o summer_n and_o all_o the_o winter_n as_o our_o wether_n glass_n inform_v we_o be_v in_o a_o vary_a preternatural_a state_n because_o they_o will_v be_v in_o those_o season_v either_o more_o hot_a and_o rarify_v or_o more_o cold_a and_o condense_v then_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o in_o more_o stable_n and_o constant_a body_n i_o take_v in_o many_o case_n the_o natural_a state_n to_o be_v but_o either_o the_o most_o usual_a state_n or_o that_o wherein_o that_o which_o produce_v a_o notable_a change_n in_o they_o find_v they_o as_o when_o a_o slender_a piece_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v most_o common_o flexible_a and_o will_v stand_v bend_v every_o way_n come_v to_o be_v well_o hammer_v i_o count_v that_o flexibility_n to_o be_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o that_o metal_n because_o most_o common_o silver_n be_v find_v to_o be_v flexible_a and_o because_o it_o be_v so_o before_o it_o be_v hammer_v but_o the_o springinesse_n it_o acquire_v by_o hammer_v be_v a_o state_n which_o be_v proper_o no_o more_o unnatural_a to_o the_o silver_n than_o the_o other_o and_o will_v continue_v with_o the_o metal_n as_o long_o as_o it_o if_o both_o piece_n of_o silver_n the_o one_o flexible_a the_o other_o springy_a be_v let_v alone_o and_o keep_v from_o outward_a violence_n and_o as_o the_o silver_n to_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o flexibleness_n need_v the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o hammer_n so_o to_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o spring_n it_o need_v the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o a_o neal_a fire_n these_o thing_n and_o much_o more_o i_o may_v here_o represent_v but_o to_o come_v close_o to_o the_o objection_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o accident_n speak_v of_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o matter_n by_o the_o agent_n or_o efficient_a cause_n whatever_o they_o be_v that_o produce_v in_o it_o what_o in_o the_o sense_n former_o explain_v we_o call_v a_o essential_a though_o not_o a_o substantial_a form_n and_o these_o accident_n be_v once_o thus_o introduce_v into_o the_o matter_n we_o need_v not_o seek_v for_o a_o new_a substantial_a principle_n to_o preserve_v they_o there_o since_o by_o the_o general_a law_n or_o common_a course_n of_o nature_n the_o matter_n qualify_v by_o they_o must_v continue_v in_o the_o state_n such_o accident_n have_v put_v it_o into_o till_o by_o some_o agent_n or_o other_o it_o be_v forcible_o put_v out_o of_o it_o and_o so_o divest_v of_o those_o accident_n as_o in_o the_o former_o mention_v example_n borrow_a from_o aristotle_n of_o a_o brazen_a sphere_n when_o once_o the_o motion_n of_o tool_n impel_v and_o guide_v by_o the_o artificer_n have_v turn_v a_o piece_n of_o brass_n into_o a_o sphere_n there_o need_v no_o new_a substance_n to_o preserve_v that_o round_a figure_n since_o the_o brass_n must_v retain_v it_o till_o it_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o artificer_n himself_o or_o some_o other_o agent_n able_a to_o overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v put_v into_o another_o figure_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n let_v i_o confirm_v this_o ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la by_o represent_v that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o inconsiderable_a party_n among_o the_o peripatetic_n themselves_o who_o maintain_v that_o in_o the_o element_n the_o first_o quality_n as_o they_o call_v they_o be_v instead_o of_o form_n and_o that_o the_o fire_n for_o instance_n have_v no_o other_o form_n then_o heat_n and_o dryness_n and_o the_o water_n then_o coldness_n and_o moisture_n now_o if_o these_o body_n that_o be_v the_o vast_a and_o the_o most_o important_a of_o the_o sublunary_a world_n consist_v but_o of_o the_o universal_a matter_n and_o the_o few_o accident_n and_o if_o in_o these_o there_o need_v no_o substantial_a form_n to_o keep_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n unite_v to_o it_o and_o conjoin_v among_o themselves_o and_o preserve_v they_o in_o that_o state_n as_o long_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v though_o beside_o the_o four_o quality_n that_o be_v call_v first_o the_o element_n have_v divers_a other_o as_o gravity_n and_o levity_n firmness_n and_o fluidity_n opacousnesse_n and_o transparency_n etc._n etc._n why_o shall_v the_o favourer_n of_o this_o opinion_n deny_v that_o in_o other_o body_n beside_o the_o element_n quality_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o keep_v unite_v to_o the_o matter_n they_o belong_v to_o without_o the_o band_n or_o support_n of_o a_o substantial_a form_n and_o as_o when_o there_o be_v no_o competent_a destructive_a cause_n the_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n will_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n remain_v such_o as_o they_o be_v so_o if_o there_o be_v it_o can_v with_o reason_n be_v pretend_v that_o the_o substantial_a form_n be_v able_a to_o preserve_v all_o those_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n that_o be_v say_v to_o slow_a from_o it_o and_o to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v under_o its_o care_n and_o tuition_n for_o if_o for_o instance_n you_o expose_v a_o sphere_n or_o bullet_n of_o lead_n to_o a_o strong_a fire_n it_o will_v quick_o loose_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o figure_n both_o its_o coldness_n its_o consistence_n its_o malleableness_n its_o colour_n for_o it_o will_v appear_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o fire_n its_o flexibility_n and_o some_o other_o quality_n and_o all_o this_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o imaginary_a substantial_a form_n which_o according_a to_o the_o peripatetical_a principle_n in_o this_o case_n must_v still_o remain_v in_o it_o without_o be_v able_a to_o help_v it_o and_o though_o upon_o the_o take_v the_o lead_n from_o off_o the_o fire_n it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o most_o of_o its_o former_a quality_n for_o it_o will_v not_o of_o itself_o recover_v its_o sphaericity_n yet_o that_o may_v well_o be_v ascribe_v partly_o to_o its_o peculiar_a texture_n and_o partly_o to_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n according_a to_o what_o we_o late_o discourse_v touch_v heat_v and_o refrigerated_a water_n which_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v a_o extrinsical_a thing_n to_o the_o lead_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v but_o accidental_a that_o the_o lead_v upon_o refrigeration_n regain_v its_o former_a quality_n for_o in_o case_n the_o lead_n have_v be_v expose_v long_o enough_o to_o a_o sufficient_o intense_a fire_n it_o will_v as_o we_o have_v purposely_o try_v be_v turn_v into_o glass_n and_o loose_v its_o colour_n its_o opacity_n its_o malleableness_n and_o former_a degree_n of_o flexiblenesse_n and_o acquire_v a_o reddishness_n a_o degree_n of_o transparency_n a_o brittlenesse_n and_o some_o other_o quality_n that_o it_o have_v not_o before_o and_o let_v the_o suppose_a substantial_a form_n do_v what_o it_o can_v even_o when_o the_o vessel_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o fire_n to_o reduce_v or_o restore_v the_o body_n to_o its_o natural_a state_n and_o accident_n yet_o the_o former_a quality_n will_v remain_v lose_v as_o long_o
oil_n that_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o it_o this_o sort_n of_o experiment_n i_o say_v i_o may_v here_o annex_v if_o i_o think_v fit_a in_o this_o place_n either_o to_o lay_v any_o stress_n upon_o those_o that_o i_o can_v myself_o make_v out_o or_o to_o transfer_v hither_o those_o experiment_n of_o change_n among_o body_n not_o metalline_a that_o belong_v to_o another_o chemist_n treatise_n but_o over_o and_o above_o what_o the_o past_a note_n and_o the_o experiment_n that_o be_v to_o follow_v they_o contain_v towards_o the_o make_n of_o what_o we_o teach_v concern_v form_n we_o will_v here_o for_o further_a confirmation_n proceed_v to_o add_v two_o sort_n of_o experiment_n beside_o the_o three_o already_o mention_v the_o one_o wherein_o it_o appear_v that_o body_n of_o very_a differ_a nature_n be_v put_v together_o like_o the_o wheel_n and_o other_o piece_n of_o a_o watch_n and_o by_o their_o connection_n acquire_v a_o new_a texture_n and_o so_o new_a quality_n may_v without_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o substantial_a form_n compose_v such_o a_o new_a concrete_a as_o may_v as_o well_o deserve_v to_o have_v a_o substantial_a form_n attribute_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o new_a disposition_n of_o its_o part_n as_o other_o body_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v endow_v therewith_o and_o the_o other_o that_o a_o natural_a body_n be_v dissipate_v and_o as_o it_o be_v take_v in_o piece_n like_o a_o watch_n may_v have_v its_o part_n so_o associate_v as_o to_o constitute_v new_a body_n of_o nature_n very_a differ_v from_o its_o own_o and_o from_o each_o other_o and_o yet_o these_o dissipate_v and_o scatter_v part_n by_o be_v recollect_v and_o put_v together_o again_o like_o the_o piece_n of_o a_o watch_n in_o the_o like_a order_n as_o before_o may_v recompose_v almost_o if_o not_o more_o than_o almost_o such_o another_o body_n as_o that_o they_o make_v up_o before_o they_o be_v take_v asunder_o i._o experiment_n and_o thought_n about_o the_o production_n and_o reproduction_n of_o form_n it_o be_v not_o at_o random_n that_o i_o speak_v when_o in_o the_o forego_n note_n about_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o quality_n i_o intimate_v that_o it_o be_v very_a much_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o tacit_n agreement_n that_o man_n have_v distinguish_v the_o species_n of_o body_n and_o that_o those_o distinction_n be_v more_o arbitrary_a than_o we_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v aware_a of_o for_o i_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o either_o in_o aristotle_n or_o any_o other_o writer_n meet_v with_o any_o genuine_a and_o sufficient_a diagnostic_n and_o boundary_a for_o the_o discriminate_n and_o limit_v the_o species_n of_o thing_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o plain_o i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o any_o naturalist_n have_v lay_v down_o a_o determinate_a number_n and_o sort_n of_o quality_n or_o other_o attribute_n which_o be_v sufficient_a and_o necessary_a to_o constitute_v all_o portion_n of_o matter_n endow_v with_o they_o distinct_a kind_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o therefore_o i_o observe_v that_o most_o common_o man_n look_v upon_o these_o as_o distinct_a species_n of_o body_n that_o have_v have_v the_o luck_n to_o have_v distinct_a name_n find_v out_o for_o they_o though_o perhaps_o diverse_a of_o they_o differ_v much_o less_o from_o one_o another_o than_o other_o body_n which_o because_o they_o have_v be_v huddle_v up_o under_o one_o name_n have_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o but_o one_o sort_n of_o body_n but_o not_o to_o lay_v any_o weight_n on_o this_o intimation_n about_o name_n i_o find_v that_o for_o want_v of_o a_o true_a characteristick_n or_o discriminate_v note_n it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v still_o both_o very_a uncertain_a as_o to_o divers_a body_n whether_o they_o be_v of_o different_a species_n or_o of_o the_o same_o and_o very_o difficult_a to_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o divers_a body_n wherein_o nature_n be_v assist_v by_o art_n shall_v not_o as_o well_o pass_v for_o distinct_a kind_n of_o body_n as_o other_o that_o be_v general_o reckon_v to_o be_v so_o whether_o for_o instance_n water_n and_o ice_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v distinct_a kind_n of_o body_n be_v so_o little_a evident_a that_o some_o that_o pretend_v to_o be_v very_o well_o verse_v in_o aristotle_n write_n and_o opinion_n affirm_v he_o to_o teach_v that_o water_n lose_v not_o its_o own_o nature_n by_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n and_o indeed_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v a_o solet_fw-la text_n of_o he_o that_o seem_v express_a enough_o to_o this_o purpose_n and_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v make_v plausible_a by_o the_o reduciblenesse_n of_o ice_n back_o again_o into_o water_n and_o yet_o i_o remember_v galen_n be_v affirm_v to_o make_v these_o two_o distinct_a species_n of_o body_n which_o doctrine_n be_v favour_v by_o the_o differ_a quality_n of_o ice_n and_o water_n for_o not_o only_o the_o one_o be_v fluid_a and_o the_o other_o solid_a and_o even_o brittle_a but_o ice_n be_v also_o common_o more_o or_o less_o opacous_a in_o comparison_n of_o water_n be_v also_o light_a than_o it_o in_o specie_fw-la since_o it_o swim_v upon_o it_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o ice_n beat_v with_o common_a salt_n will_v freeze_v other_o body_n when_o water_n mingle_v with_o salt_n will_v not_o and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v propose_v to_o be_v resolve_v whether_o must_v wine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n vinegar_n tartar_n and_o vappa_fw-la be_v specifical_o distinct_a body_n and_o the_o like_a question_n i_o will_v ask_v concern_v a_o hen_n egg_n and_o the_o chick_n that_o be_v afterward_o hatch_v out_o of_o it_o as_o also_o concern_v wood_n ash_n soot_n and_o likewise_o the_o egg_n of_o silkworm_n which_o be_v first_o small_a caterpillar_n or_o as_o some_o think_v they_o but_o worm_n when_o they_o be_v new_o hatch_v and_o then_o aurelia_n or_o husked_a maggot_n and_o then_o butterfly_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v with_o pleasure_n to_o be_v the_o successive_a production_n of_o the_o prolific_a seed_n of_o silkworm_n and_o whether_o the_o answer_n to_o these_o query_n be_v affirmative_a or_o negative_a i_o doubt_v the_o reason_n that_o will_v be_v give_v for_o either_o of_o the_o two_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o divers_a case_n whereto_o i_o may_v apply_v it_o and_o a_o more_o puzzle_v question_n it_o may_v be_v to_o some_o whether_o a_o charcoal_n be_v thorough_o kindle_v do_v specifical_o differ_v from_o another_o charcoal_n for_o according_a to_o those_o i_o argue_v with_o the_o fire_n have_v penetrate_v it_o quite_o through_o and_o therefore_o some_o of_o the_o recent_a aristotelian_o be_v so_o convince_v of_o its_o be_v transmute_v that_o all_o the_o satisfaction_n i_o can_v find_v from_o a_o very_a subtle_a modern_a schoolman_n to_o the_o objection_n that_o if_o the_o glow_a coal_n be_v plunge_v into_o water_n it_o will_v be_v a_o black_a coal_n again_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o reduction_n the_o form_n of_o a_o charcoal_n have_v be_v once_o abolish_v by_o the_o fire_n and_o be_v reproduced_a by_o god_n upon_o the_o regain_v disposition_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o receive_v it_o nor_o be_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o determine_v whether_o cloud_n and_o rain_n and_o haâ—l_o and_o snow_n be_v body_n specifical_o distinct_a from_o water_n and_o from_o each_o other_o and_o the_o writer_n of_o meteor_n be_v wont_a to_o handle_v they_o as_o distinct_a and_o since_o if_o such_o slight_a difference_n as_o those_o that_o discriminate_a these_o body_n or_o that_o which_o distinguish_v wind_n from_o exhalation_n who_o course_n make_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o constitute_v differ_v kind_n of_o body_n it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o give_v a_o satisfactory_a reason_n why_o other_o body_n that_o differ_v in_o more_o or_o more_o considerable_a particular_n shall_v not_o enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n and_o i_o presume_v that_o snow_n differ_v less_o from_o rain_n than_o paper_n do_v from_o rag_n or_o glass_n make_v of_o wood-ash_n do_v from_o wood._n and_o indeed_o man_n have_v by_o tacit_n consent_n agree_v to_o look_v upon_o paper_n and_o glass_n and_o soap_n and_o sugar_n and_o brass_n and_o ink_n and_o pewter_n and_o gunpowder_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o other_o to_o be_v distinct_a sort_n of_o body_n i_o see_v not_o why_o they_o may_v not_o be_v think_v to_o have_v do_v it_o on_z as_o good_a ground_n as_o those_o upon_o which_o divers_a other_o differ_a species_n of_o body_n have_v be_v constitute_v nor_o will_v it_o suffice_v to_o object_n that_o these_o body_n be_v factitious_a for_o it_o be_v the_o present_a nature_n of_o body_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o refer_v they_o to_o species_n which_o way_n soever_o they_o come_v by_o that_o nature_n for_o salt_n that_o be_v in_o many_o country_n make_v by_o boil_a sea_n water_n in_o cauldron_n and_o other_o vessel_n be_v as_o well_o true_a
remain_a mass_n some_o amends_o for_o it_o what_o we_o further_o do_v with_o this_o new_a or_o reproduced_a concrete_a be_v not_o proper_a to_o be_v here_o tell_v you_o only_o for_o your_o satisfaction_n we_o have_v keep_v a_o lump_n of_o it_o that_o you_o may_v with_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o some_o philosopher_n will_v call_v the_o mindfulness_n of_o nature_n which_o when_o a_o body_n be_v deprive_v of_o a_o not_o inconsiderable_a portion_n of_o its_o chief_a ingredient_n and_o have_v all_o its_o other_o part_n dissipate_v and_o shuffle_v and_o discolour_a so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v knowable_a be_v able_a to_o rally_v those_o scatter_a and_o disguise_v part_n and_o marshal_n or_o dispose_v they_o into_o a_o body_n of_o the_o former_a consistence_n colour_n etc._n etc._n though_o which_o be_v not_o here_o to_o be_v overlook_v the_o contexture_n of_o antimony_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o copious_a shine_a styriae_n that_o ennoble_v the_o dark_a body_n be_v much_o more_o elaborate_a and_o therefore_o more_o uneasy_a to_o be_v restore_v then_o that_o of_o many_o other_o concretes_n but_o among_o all_o my_o trial_n about_o the_o redintegration_n of_o body_n that_o which_o seem_v to_o succeed_v best_a be_v make_v upon_o turpentine_n for_o have_v take_v some_o ounce_n of_o this_o very_o pure_a and_o good_a and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o glass_n retort_n i_o distil_v so_o long_o with_o a_o very_a gentle_a fire_n till_o i_o have_v separate_v it_o into_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o very_a clear_a liquor_n and_o a_o caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la very_o dry_a and_o brittle_a then_o break_v the_o retort_n i_o powder_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la which_o when_o it_o be_v take_v out_o be_v exceed_v sleek_a and_o transparent_a enough_o and_o very_o red_a but_o be_v powder_v appear_v of_o a_o pure_a yellow_a colour_n this_o powder_n i_o careful_o mix_v with_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v be_v distil_v from_o it_o which_o immediate_o dissolve_v part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o deep_a red_a balsam_n but_o by_o further_a digestion_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n exquisite_o stop_v that_o colour_n begin_v to_o grow_v faint_a though_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o powder_n except_o a_o very_a little_a proportionable_a to_o so_o much_o of_o the_o liquor_n as_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v waste_v by_o evaporation_n and_o transfusion_n out_o of_o one_o vessel_n into_o another_o be_v perfect_o dissolve_v and_o so_o well_o reunite_v to_o the_o more_o fugitive_a part_n of_o the_o concrete_a that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o that_o by_o the_o smell_n or_o taste_v or_o consistence_n will_v take_v it_o for_o other_o then_o good_a and_o laudable_a turpentine_n the_o i._o section_n of_o the_o historical_a part_n contain_v the_o observation_n and_o beginning_n at_o pag_n 107._o be_v misplace_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v come_v in_o here_o and_o have_v immediate_o precede_v this_o ii_o section_n contain_v the_o experiment_n advertisement_n about_o the_o ensue_a ii_o section_n the_o author_n will_v not_o have_v the_o reader_n think_v that_o the_o follow_a experiment_n be_v the_o sole_a one_o that_o he_o can_v have_v set_v down_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n with_o they_o for_o they_o be_v not_o the_o only_a that_o he_o have_v actual_o lay_v aside_o for_o this_o occasion_n till_o judge_v the_o ensue_a one_o sufficient_a for_o his_o present_a scope_n he_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o reserve_v other_o for_o those_o note_n about_o the_o production_n of_o particular_a quality_n to_o which_o they_o seem_v proper_o to_o belong_v perhaps_o also_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a for_o i_o because_o some_o reader_n may_v think_v the_o omission_n a_o little_a strange_a to_o excuse_v my_o have_v leave_v divers_a particular_n unmentioned_a in_o more_o than_o one_o of_o the_o ensue_a experiment_n and_o i_o confess_v that_o i_o may_v easy_o enough_o both_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o more_o circumstance_n in_o they_o and_o make_v far_o more_o reflection_n on_o they_o if_o i_o will_v have_v expatiate_v on_o the_o several_a experiment_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n deliver_v in_o other_o history_n paper_n but_o though_o there_o where_o it_o be_v my_o design_n to_o give_v employment_n to_o the_o curiosity_n and_o diligence_n of_o as_o many_o votary_n to_o nature_n as_o for_o want_n of_o letter_n instruction_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v so_o set_v on_o work_n it_o be_v fit_v the_o propose_a method_n shall_v be_v suitable_a yet_o here_o where_o i_o deliver_v experiment_n not_o so_o much_o as_o part_n of_o natural_a history_n as_o instance_n to_o confirm_v the_o hypothesis_n and_o discourse_n they_o be_v annex_v to_o it_o seem_v needless_a and_o improper_a if_o not_o impertinent_a to_o set_v down_o circumstance_n caution_n inference_n hint_n application_n and_o other_o particular_n that_o have_v no_o tendency_n to_o the_o scope_n for_o which_o the_o experiment_n be_v allege_v page_n and_o as_o for_o the_o kind_n of_o experiment_n here_o make_v choice_n of_o i_o have_v the_o less_o scruple_v to_o pitch_v upon_o chemical_a experiment_n rather_o than_o other_o on_o this_o occasion_n not_o only_o because_o of_o those_o advantage_n which_o i_o have_v ascribe_v to_o such_o experiment_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o preface_n philosophy_n to_o my_o specimen_n but_o because_o i_o have_v be_v encourage_v by_o the_o success_n of_o the_o attempt_v make_v in_o those_o discourse_n for_o as_o new_a as_o it_o be_v when_o i_o make_v it_o four_o or_o five_o year_n ago_o and_o as_o unsual_a thing_n as_o it_o can_v seem_v to_o divers_a atomist_n and_o cartesian_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o confirm_v and_o illustrate_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o particularian_a philosophy_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o art_n which_o many_o be_v please_v to_o thâ—ck_v cultivate_v but_o by_o illiterate_a oâ—erators_n or_o it_o hâ—msical_a fanatics_n in_o philosophy_n and_o useful_a only_o to_o maâ—e_n medicine_n or_o disguise_n metal_n yet_o these_o endeavour_n of_o we_o meet_v with_o much_o less_o opposition_n then_o new_a attempt_n be_v most_o common_o fain_a to_o struggle_v with_o and_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n i_o have_v have_v the_o happiness_n to_o engage_v both_o divers_a chemistry_n learn_v and_o relish_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n and_o divers_a eminent_a embracer_n of_o that_o to_o endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v and_o promote_v the_o new_a philosophy_n by_o addict_v themselves_o to_o the_o experiment_n and_o peruse_v the_o book_n chemist_n and_o i_o acknowledge_v it_o be_v not_o unwelcome_a to_o â—â—_o to_o have_v be_v in_o some_o â—â—ttle_a measure_n instrumental_a to_o mâ—â—â—_n the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n assist_v by_o chemistry_n prefer_v to_o that_o which_o have_v so_o long_o obtain_v in_o the_o schâ—â—â—_n for_o not_o here_o to_o consider_v which_o â—_o elsewhere_o do_v how_o giâ—â—_n a_o advantage_n that_o philosophy_n by_o have_v of_o this_o by_o have_v aâ—_n advantage_n of_o it_o in_o point_n of_o clearness_n though_o divers_a lâ—â—â—ned_v and_o worthy_a mâ—n_z that_o know_v no_o better_a principle_n hâ—â—_n in_o cultivate_v the_o peripatetic_a one_o abundant_o exercise_v and_o display_v their_o own_o wit_n yet_o i_o fear_v they_o have_v very_a 〈◊〉_d if_o at_o all_o improve_v their_o reader_n intellect_n or_o enrich_v it_o with_o any_o true_a or_o useful_a knowledge_n of_o nature_n but_o have_v rather_o teach_v he_o to_o admire_v their_o subtlety_n then_o understand_v hers._fw-la for_o to_z ascribe_v all_o particular_a phaenomena_n that_o seem_v any_o thing_n difficult_a for_o abundance_n be_v not_o think_v so_o that_o be_v so_o to_o substantial_a form_n and_o but_o nominal_o understand_v quality_n be_v so_o general_a and_o easy_a a_o way_n of_o resolve_v difficulty_n that_o it_o allow_v naturalist_n without_o disparagement_n to_o be_v very_o careless_a and_o lazy_a if_o it_o do_v not_o make_v thâ—m_n so_o as_o in_o effect_n we_o may_v sâ—e_v that_o in_o about_o 2000_o year_n since_o aristotle_n time_n the_o adorer_n of_o his_o physics_n at_o least_o by_o virtue_n of_o hâ—s_n peculiar_a principle_n seem_v to_o have_v do_v little_o more_o more_o than_o wrangle_v without_o clear_v up_o that_o i_o know_v of_o any_o mystery_n of_o nature_n or_o produce_v any_o useful_a or_o noble_a experiment_n whereas_o the_o cultivator_n of_o the_o particularian_a philosophy_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o hypothesis_n and_o their_o way_n of_o reason_v to_o give_v the_o particular_a account_n and_o explication_n of_o particular_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o oblige_v not_o only_o to_o know_v the_o general_a law_n and_o course_n of_o nature_n but_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o particular_a structure_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v conversant_a with_o as_o that_o wherein_o for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o power_n of_o act_v and_o disposition_n to_o be_v act_v on_o do_v depend_v and_o in_o order_n to_o
body_n than_o they_o shall_v easy_o exhale_v vii_o nor_o be_v it_o much_o less_o considerable_a that_o so_o strong_a and_o pierce_a a_o send_v as_o that_o of_o camphire_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o moment_n produce_v in_o a_o mixture_n wherein_o none_o of_o it_o can_v be_v perceive_v before_o by_o such_o a_o liquor_n as_o water_n that_o be_v quite_o devoid_a of_o any_o odour_n of_o its_o own_o which_o so_o easy_a and_o sudden_a restauration_n of_o the_o camphire_n to_o its_o native_a send_v as_o well_o as_o other_o quality_n by_o so_o languid_a a_o liquor_n as_o common_a water_n do_v likewise_o argue_v that_o the_o union_n or_o texture_n of_o the_o two_o ingredient_n the_o camphire_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v but_o very_o slight_a upon_o which_o nevertheless_o a_o great_a alteration_n in_o point_n of_o quality_n depend_v and_o to_o confirm_v that_o divers_a of_o the_o praecede_a phaenomena_n depend_v upon_o the_o particular_a texture_n of_o the_o liquor_n employ_v to_o exhibit_v they_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n you_o cast_v the_o concrete_a into_o well_o deflegm_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n you_o will_v obtain_v no_o red_a nor_o dark_a but_o a_o transparent_a and_o colourless_a solution_n and_o when_o to_o the_o above_o mention_v red_a mixture_n i_o put_v instead_o of_o fair_a water_n about_o 2_o or_o 3_o part_n of_o due_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n there_o will_v ensue_v no_o such_o change_n as_o those_o former_o recite_v but_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o dissolve_v the_o concrete_a when_o it_o be_v by_o itself_o without_o lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n or_o acquire_v any_o colour_n do_v when_o it_o dissolve_v the_o mixture_n dissolve_v it_o with_o its_o new_a adventitious_a colour_n look_v like_o a_o gross_a red_a wine_n somewhat_o turbid_v or_o not_o yet_o well_o free_v from_o its_o lees_n so_o that_o this_o colour_n appear_v to_o reside_v in_o the_o mixture_n as_o such_o since_o neither_o of_o the_o two_o ingredient_n dissolve_v in_o or_o mingle_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v have_v afford_v that_o colour_n or_o indeed_o any_o other_o but_o if_o to_o this_o liquor_n that_o look_v like_o trouble_a wine_n we_o pour_v a_o large_a proportion_n of_o fair_a water_n the_o redness_n will_v immediate_o vanish_v and_o the_o whole_a will_v as_o to_o sense_n become_v white_a throughout_o i_o say_v as_o to_o sense_n because_o the_o whiteness_n do_v not_o indeed_o appertain_v proper_o to_o the_o whole_a mixture_n but_o to_o a_o huge_a multitude_n of_o little_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o revive_v concrete_a whereof_o some_o or_o other_o which_o at_o first_o swim_v confuse_o to_o and_o fro_o leave_v no_o sensible_a portion_n of_o the_o liquor_n unfurnish_a with_o some_o of_o they_o whereas_o when_o the_o camphorate_a corpuscle_n have_v leisure_n to_o emerge_n as_o they_o soon_o do_v they_o float_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n or_o froth_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n 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