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and_o all_o the_o monument_n we_o have_v of_o antiquity_n and_o which_o be_v even_o contradictory_n see_v the_o belief_n of_o a_o fact_n or_o truth_n be_v persuade_v and_o force_v not_o itself_o have_v not_o roman_a catholic_n much_a grace_n to_o accuse_v protestant_n of_o obstinacy_n because_o they_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v a_o hypothesis_n which_o suppose_v so_o many_o dubious_a principle_n whereof_o most_o be_v contest_v even_o among_o the_o divine_n of_o rome_n and_o to_o ask_v they_o to_o obey_v the_o church_n without_o distinct_o tell_v they_o what_o this_o church_n be_v or_o in_o what_o consist_v the_o submission_n which_o be_v require_v of_o they_o or_o how_o far_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v extend_v a_o abridgement_n of_o universal_a history_n the_o first_o part_n contain_v the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n in_o two_o book_n by_o henry_n le_fw-fr bret_n provost_z of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o montauban_n in_o 125._o 3_o volume_n at_o
certain_a to_o we_o a_o time_n will_v come_v perhaps_o that_o those_o who_o will_v maintain_v they_o shall_v see_v themselves_o more_o encumber_v than_o the_o peripatetic_n at_o this_o day_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o soul_n of_o beast_n the_o cartesian_o i_o be_o here_o but_o a_o simple_a historian_n of_o their_o thought_n say_v that_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o use_v no_o exaggeration_n if_o the_o preface_n be_v read_v which_o have_v be_v put_v by_o mr._n schuyl_n before_o his_o latin_a translation_n of_o monsieur_n descartes_n the_o treatise_n of_o f._n pardies_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n another_o treatise_n of_o mr._n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr de_fw-fr carentia_fw-la sensus_fw-la &_o cognitionis_fw-la in_o brutis_fw-la and_o a_o book_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o beast_n which_o be_v print_v at_o lion_n in_o 1676._o approve_v by_o two_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n and_o compose_v by_o a_o priest_n of_o ambrum_fw-la name_v d'_fw-fr illy_z who_o die_v a_o little_a while_n after_o all_o the_o world_n suspect_v f._n pardies_n of_o design_v to_o establish_v the_o opinion_n of_o descartes_n in_o only_o pretend_v to_o refute_v it_o and_o in_o effect_n he_o answer_v so_o well_o himself_o to_o his_o objection_n and_o those_o which_o he_o leave_v without_o answer_n be_v so_o weak_a that_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o guess_v what_o he_o intend_v and_o mr._n d'_fw-fr illy_z have_v answer_v the_o reason_n which_o this_o jesuit_n have_v not_o refute_v it_o follow_v that_o nothing_o have_v be_v leave_v undo_v that_o can_v destroy_v the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n descartes_n but_o those_o who_o maintain_v that_o beast_n have_v sense_n can_v boast_v of_o it_o for_o they_o do_v not_o solid_o answer_v the_o objection_n of_o the_o cartesian_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o latter_a it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o the_o tenet_n of_o the_o automata_n shall_v so_o speedy_o come_v to_o perfection_n it_o must_v needs_o have_v fall_v into_o good_a hand_n and_o that_o 3_o or_o 4_o good_a wit_n make_v more_o progress_n in_o 10_o year_n than_o other_o have_v do_v in_o divers_a age_n religion_n be_v immediate_o interest_v in_o this_o cause_n by_o the_o hope_n that_o the_o anti-cartesians_a conceive_v of_o ruine_v thereby_o the_o machines_n of_o mr._n descartes_n but_o the_o advantage_n can_v be_v relate_v which_o have_v accrue_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o sect_n of_o this_o philosopher_n for_o they_o think_v they_o have_v show_v that_o in_o give_v beast_n a_o soul_n capable_a of_o knowledge_n all_o the_o natural_a proof_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v ruin_v they_o have_v show_v that_o their_o opinion_n have_v no_o other_o obstinate_a enemy_n than_o the_o impious_a and_o epicurean_o and_o that_o no_o great_a diskindness_n can_v be_v do_v to_o those_o philosopher_n than_o to_o disarm_v they_o of_o all_o the_o false_a reason_n which_o they_o borrow_v from_o the_o soul_n of_o beast_n to_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o we_o the_o difference_n only_o of_o the_o great_a to_o the_o least_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a thing_n that_o there_o be_v no_o people_n who_o affect_v more_o than_o the_o impious_a do_v to_o make_v beast_n approach_v near_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o man._n thus_o mr._n descartes_n have_v cunning_o engage_v religion_n in_o his_o interest_n but_o they_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o reason_n they_o have_v exalt_v their_o search_n unto_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n for_o invincible_a argument_n against_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n and_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o they_o have_v find_v pretty_a good_a one_o the_o author_n of_o the_o disquisition_n of_o truth_n have_v spread_v the_o draught_n thereof_o in_o some_o place_n of_o his_o work_n f._n poisson_n of_o the_o oratory_n have_v thorough_o treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o principle_n of_o st._n augustin_n that_o god_n be_v just_a misery_n in_o a_o necessary_a proof_n of_o sin_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o beast_n have_v not_o sin_v be_v not_o subject_a to_o misery_n but_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a thereunto_o if_o they_o have_v a_o feel_v therefore_o they_o have_v no_o sense_n the_o book_n of_o darmanson_n which_o occasion_v our_o make_v these_o general_a remark_n chief_o endeavour_n to_o destroy_v the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n by_o reason_n borrow_v from_o divinity_n for_o this_o effect_n he_o show_v in_o his_o first_o discourse_n that_o if_o beast_n be_v not_o automata_n it_o follow_v first_o that_o god_n be_v not_o god_n second_o that_o our_o soul_n be_v not_o immortal_a he_o have_v the_o equity_n of_o remark_v that_o these_o consequence_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v the_o doctrine_n from_o whence_o they_o arise_v it_o be_v another_o thing_n to_o make_v a_o certain_a judgement_n and_o to_o admit_v of_o all_o the_o consequence_n which_o may_v be_v thence_o deduce_v in_o good_a philosophy_n for_o to_o prove_v the_o first_o of_o these_o observe_z that_o if_o beast_n have_v such_o a_o soul_n as_o be_v imagine_v it_o follow_v first_o that_o god_n love_v not_o himself_o second_o that_o he_o be_v neither_o constant_a nor_o wise_a three_o he_o be_v cruel_a and_o unjust_a he_o prove_v the_o first_o of_o these_o three_o thing_n by_o some_o principle_n which_o f._n malebranch_n have_v expose_v in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nature_n and_o grace_n and_o elsewhere_o for_o example_n that_o god_n will_v have_v never_o determine_v to_o produce_v any_o thing_n without_o himself_o if_o his_o eternal_a wisdom_n and_o his_o word_n have_v not_o render_v creature_n by_o his_o oblation_n worthy_a of_o the_o infinite_a action_n of_o god_n whence_o it_o result_v that_o god_n refer_v to_o his_o glory_n all_o that_o he_o do_v but_o he_o will_v not_o do_v it_o if_o he_o create_v soul_n capable_a of_o knowledge_n and_o love_n without_o oblige_v they_o to_o love_v he_o and_o to_o know_v he_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n this_o reason_n will_v appear_v strong_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o in_o the_o common_a opinion_n the_o capacity_n which_o beast_n have_v of_o know_v thing_n and_o to_o love_v they_o be_v terminate_v sole_o in_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o god_n have_v create_v they_o but_o to_o enjoy_v the_o body_n yet_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o st._n augustin_n sin_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o aversio_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la &_o conuersio_fw-la ad_fw-la creaturam_fw-la or_o else_o uti_fw-la fruendis_fw-la &_o frui_fw-la utendis_fw-la to_o wit_n to_o swerve_v from_o god_n to_o turn_v towards_o creature_n to_o stop_v at_o the_o creature_n as_o our_o utmost_a end_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o god_n himself_o as_o a_o mean_n whereby_o we_o may_v enjoy_v creature_n when_o as_o all_o thing_n ought_v to_o serve_v we_o only_o as_o a_o help_n to_o our_o enjoyment_n of_o god_n therefore_o beast_n have_v be_v create_v in_o the_o state_n of_o sin_n and_o consequently_n god_n will_v have_v dispense_v with_o the_o law_n of_o order_n which_o be_v notwithstanding_o the_o sovereign_n and_o indispensable_a law_n of_o god_n the_o author_n show_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o let_v the_o impious_a believe_v that_o god_n can_v create_v soul_n in_o disorder_n to_o wit_n without_o any_o obligation_n of_o love_v he_o because_o if_o that_o be_v once_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v no_o more_o possible_a to_o prove_v unto_o they_o that_o our_o soul_n be_v in_o a_o disorder_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o principle_n of_o st._n augustin_n be_v incompatible_a with_o the_o ordinary_a doctrine_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o beast_n as_o ambros_n victor_n have_v full_o prove_v as_o to_o the_o two_o other_o thing_n the_o author_n prove_v they_o in_o show_v that_o the_o soul_n of_o beast_n perish_v when_o they_o die_v god_n destroy_v his_o proper_a work_n which_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o inconstancy_n according_a to_o this_o author_n moreover_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o beast_n be_v more_o perfect_a than_o the_o body_n and_o that_o the_o body_n never_o cease_v to_o exist_v though_o the_o soul_n be_v destroy_v it_o follow_v that_o god_n preserve_v the_o substance_n less_o perfect_a whilst_o he_o annihilate_v the_o most_o perfect_a which_o be_v not_o like_o a_o wife_n agent_n no_o more_o than_o to_o unite_v two_o substance_n to_o produce_v but_o the_o same_o effect_n which_o one_o of_o they_o can_v do_v without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o other_o but_o he_o pretend_v that_o the_o machine_n of_o the_o animal_n alone_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v what_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o being_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o superfluity_n unworthy_a a_o wise_a agent_n to_o join_v a_o soul_n to_o this_o machine_n it_o will_v easy_o be_v guess_v in_o what_o manner_n he_o prove_v that_o god_n will_v be_v cruel_a and_o unjust_a if_o beast_n have_v a_o soul_n for_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o it_o can_v be_v only_o
not_o hebrew_n and_o as_o to_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o modern_a divine_n both_o papist_n and_o protestant_n about_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o point_n there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o wonder_v at_o it_o for_o 1._o for_o the_o papist_n it_o be_v their_o great_a interest_n to_o have_v the_o bible_n render_v unmeet_a to_o be_v a_o perfect_a rule_n of_o faith_n that_o some_o necessity_n thereby_o may_v be_v suppose_v for_o the_o infallibility_n of_o their_o pope_n and_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n if_o they_o embrace_v this_o advantage_n and_o as_o to_o protestant_n it_o be_v know_v the_o authority_n of_o elias_n the_o great_a if_o not_o only_a master_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n of_o their_o time_n be_v very_o great_o esteem_v among_o they_o and_o how_o easy_a be_v it_o for_o so_o great_a a_o master_n to_o instill_v his_o own_o notion_n into_o the_o mind_n of_o those_o that_o depend_v upon_o his_o instruction_n he_o live_v with_o paulus_n eligius_n for_o some_o time_n and_o when_o some_o few_o eminent_a man_n among_o the_o christian_n be_v at_o first_o infect_v with_o such_o a_o opinion_n not_o at_o first_o it_o may_v be_v well_o consider_v the_o consequence_n that_o do_v attend_v it_o jow_z ready_o do_v other_o who_o esteem_v they_o for_o leader_n in_o that_o kind_n of_o learning_n follow_v they_o without_o due_o examine_v the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o most_o scholar_n that_o do_v not_o penetrate_v very_o far_o into_o a_o particular_a part_n of_o learning_n to_o embrace_v the_o common_a notion_n about_o it_o without_o examine_v of_o the_o they_o but_o moreover_o whilst_o these_o very_o divine_v themselves_o together_o with_o all_o christian_a state_n nation_n and_o church_n do_v follow_v the_o hebrew_n bible_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a point_v and_o public_o embrace_v those_o translation_n of_o the_o bible_n into_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n of_o each_o nation_n as_o be_v take_v either_o from_o the_o original_a hebrew_n bible_n as_o it_o be_v point_v or_o from_o those_o translation_n that_o be_v so_o translate_v or_o pretend_v so_o to_o be_v which_o be_v the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n throughout_o christendom_n we_o have_v a_o ample_a full_a and_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o all_o christian_a state_n church_n and_o people_n learned_a and_o unlearned_a for_o the_o antiquity_n and_o divine_a authority_n of_o the_o point_n for_o though_o some_o protestant_n divine_v deny_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o shape_v they_o all_o own_o the_o divine_a authority_n of_o the_o sound_v of_o the_o point_n and_o thereby_o follow_v the_o punctation_n but_o the_o generality_n of_o protestant_n own_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o shape_v as_o well_o as_o the_o sound_v of_o the_o point_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o public_a profess_a opinion_n of_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o protestant_a university_n college_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n and_o professor_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n in_o most_o of_o the_o protestant_a state_n and_o church_n beyond_o sea_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o large_a collection_n of_o their_o several_a suffrage_n and_o judgement_n about_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n late_o deliver_v and_o print_v by_o mathias_n wasmuth_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o treatise_n entitle_v vindiciae_fw-la hebraeae_fw-la scripterae_fw-la etc._n etc._n adversus_fw-la impia_fw-la &_o imperita_fw-la multorum_fw-la prejudicia_fw-la imprimis_fw-la contra_fw-la capelli_n vossii_n f._n &_o waltoni_fw-la autoris_fw-la operis_fw-la anglicani_n polyglotton_n assertiones_fw-la falsissimas_fw-la pariter_fw-la as_o pernitiosas_fw-la so_o that_o we_o have_v herein_o the_o full_a and_o ample_a testimony_n of_o the_o christian_a state_n and_o church_n of_o all_o age_n and_o place_n as_o well_o as_o of_o all_o the_o jew_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n §_o 3._o now_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o argument_n lie_v in_o this_o that_o the_o hebrew_n bible_n as_o it_o be_v point_v be_v become_v the_o peaceable_a possession_n treasure_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o church_n and_o people_n of_o god_n by_o prescription_n it_o have_v always_o in_o all_o age_n be_v enjoy_v and_o under_o the_o conduct_n and_o guidance_n of_o it_o they_o have_v safe_o arrive_v at_o glory_n when_o all_o other_o wander_v in_o darkness_n who_o have_v be_v total_o without_o it_o or_o some_o translation_n take_v from_o it_o or_o from_o those_o that_o be_v so_o take_v as_o be_v the_o lxx_o the_o syriack_n vulgar_a latin_a and_o all_o other_o only_o some_o more_o and_o some_o less_o true_o and_o exact_o hereupon_o we_o have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o acquiesce_v in_o it_o and_o all_o that_o can_v be_v desire_v of_o we_o be_v that_o when_o any_o accuse_v it_o of_o be_v a_o novelty_n we_o fair_o examine_v what_o evidence_n they_o can_v produce_v to_o prove_v their_o charge_n this_o we_o have_v do_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o part_n and_o show_v the_o accusation_n and_o charge_n bring_v in_o against_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n be_v all_o false_a altogether_o improbable_a in_o every_o respect_n and_o on_o several_a account_n impossible_a that_o all_o the_o evidence_n be_v total_o silent_a in_o what_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o testify_v and_o witness_v to_o the_o quite_o contrary_a of_o what_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o prove_v declare_v the_o antiquity_n instead_o of_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o point_n so_o that_o hereby_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n appear_v with_o the_o great_a lustre_n have_v pass_v the_o fire_n of_o trial_n and_o examination_n nay_o dr._n walton_n himself_o confess_v considerator_n consider_v pag._n 208._o the_o text_n be_v general_o so_o read_v by_o the_o christian_a church_n as_o it_o be_v now_o as_o appear_v both_o by_o the_o hebrew_n copy_n among_o they_o and_o by_o the_o comment_n and_o exposition_n and_o translation_n of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o the_o church_n and_o indeed_o our_o debate_n be_v not_o with_o any_o protestant_n about_o the_o divine_a authority_n of_o the_o punctation_n direct_o for_o they_o universal_o own_v it_o even_o those_o who_o suppose_v that_o the_o shape_v of_o the_o point_n be_v first_o invent_v by_o the_o masorite_n of_o tiberias_n a._n d._n 500_o the_o hebrew_n bible_n as_o it_o be_v point_v be_v enjoy_v and_o own_v by_o all_o jew_n universal_o even_o elias_n levita_n himself_o and_o by_o all_o christian_n too_o a_o few_o papist_n only_o except_v to_o be_v the_o only_a standard_n whereby_o all_o translation_n and_o doctrine_n be_v to_o be_v try_v unless_o what_o capellus_n and_o vossius_fw-la hold_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v in_o the_o prooemium_fw-la and_o in_o chap._n 8._o of_o the_o first_o part_n and_o elsewhere_o that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o suppose_v the_o shape_v of_o the_o point_n to_o be_v first_o invent_v a._n d._n 500_o by_o the_o masorite_n be_v utter_o inconsistent_a with_o their_o own_o opinion_n of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o divine_a authority_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o force_n of_o the_o point_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o preserve_v the_o true_a sound_n until_o that_o time_n without_o the_o shape_v of_o they_o so_o that_o we_o must_v either_o reject_v the_o punctation_n and_o then_o we_o have_v neither_o standard_n nor_o bible_n leave_v we_o or_o else_o we_o must_v own_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o shape_v as_o well_o as_o the_o sound_v of_o the_o point_n vowel_n and_o accent_n as_o all_o the_o jew_n and_o the_o generality_n of_o christian_n acknowledge_v and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o testimony_n of_o jew_n and_o christian_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n together_o with_o answer_n to_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v thereunto_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o the_o reason_n of_o jew_n and_o christian_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n be_v state_v and_o the_o objection_n against_o they_o answer_v chap._n iv._o §._o 1._o the_o first_o reason_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n state_v and_o maintain_v that_o the_o vowel_n be_v oft_o express_v in_o the_o bible_n by_o the_o punctation_n only_o and_o yet_o be_v so_o essential_a to_o speech_n that_o all_o language_n be_v constrain_v to_o express_v they_o in_o one_o shape_n or_o other_o §._o 2._o the_o objection_n that_o the_o bible_n may_v be_v read_v without_o point_n because_o the_o rabbininical_a commentary_n the_o mishna_n the_o talmud_n and_o the_o oriental_a tongue_n may_v be_v so_o read_v and_o the_o greek_a without_o accent_n answer_v the_o bible_n oft_o express_v the_o vowel_n only_o by_o the_o point_n which_o the_o rabbin_n and_o other_o tongue_n express_v by_o the_o vowel_n letter_n §._o 3._o as_o be_v evince_v by_o several_a instance_n §._o 4._o and_o the_o argument_n thereby_o prove_v §_o 1._o we_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o artificial_a argument_n or_o reason_n and_o these_o be_v of_o two_o
that_o they_o be_v not_o place_v since_o a._n d._n 500_o and_o there_o be_v none_o that_o pretend_v they_o be_v between_o the_o time_n of_o ezra_n and_o a._n d._n 500_o therefore_o the_o point_n be_v place_v by_o the_o time_n of_o ezra_n which_o be_v all_o we_o contend_v for_o second_o the_o old_a foundation_n must_v be_v remove_v before_o a_o new_a structure_n can_v be_v erect_v many_o have_v be_v so_o prepossess_v with_o so_o high_a a_o conceit_n of_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o point_n that_o it_o will_v be_v bootless_a to_o prove_v their_o antiquity_n until_o the_o improbability_n of_o their_o late_a invention_n be_v discover_v for_o they_o admire_v that_o any_o learned_a or_o judicious_a person_n shall_v believe_v their_o antiquity_n although_o all_o the_o protestant_a state_n and_o church_n in_o the_o world_n except_o what_o have_v be_v late_o suffer_v in_o england_n do_v religious_o maintain_v it_o scaltger_n say_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o foolish_o speak_v that_o to_o say_v the_o point_n be_v coevous_a with_o the_o letter_n ep._n 243._o grotius_n on_o mat._n 5.18_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o pertinacious_a obstinacy_n in_o any_o to_o deny_v that_o the_o scripture_n be_v use_v to_o be_v write_v without_o point_n after_o ezra_n time_n and_o schikard_n in_o his_o jure_fw-la reg._n heb._n lib._n 2._o pag._n 41._o assert_v that_o he_o great_o wonder_n that_o any_o can_v serious_o believe_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o point_n vid._n considerator_n consider_v pag._n 234_o 235._o so_o that_o till_o the_o absurdity_n of_o their_o belove_a opinion_n be_v manifest_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o prove_v the_o other_o whilst_o they_o disdain_v to_o consider_v it_o 3._o our_o antagonist_n spend_v their_o great_a strength_n in_o oppose_v our_o opinion_n to_o render_v it_o but_o improbable_a and_o it_o be_v but_o quit_v with_o they_o to_o show_v the_o improbability_n of_o they_o and_o more_o fair_a see_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o they_o to_o prove_v a_o fact_n do_v but_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o than_o for_o we_o to_o prove_v what_o be_v do_v at_o two_o thousand_o year_n distance_n from_o the_o present_a time_n 4._o this_o discourse_n be_v principal_o design_v to_o answer_n capellus_n dr._n walton_n etc._n etc._n who_o take_v this_o method_n first_o defend_v their_o own_o opinion_n and_o then_o reply_v unto_o the_o argument_n for_o we_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o follow_v they_o herein_o and_o keep_v their_o order_n so_o far_o and_o for_o these_o reason_n we_o observe_v the_o method_n here_o propound_v and_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o general_n head_n which_o be_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o improbability_n of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o shape_v of_o the_o point_n vowel_n and_o accent_n of_o the_o hebrew_n bible_n be_v first_o invent_v and_o place_v to_o the_o text_n a._n d._n 500_o or_o since_o that_o time_n either_o by_o the_o masorite_n of_o tiberias_n or_o other_o and_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a we_o shall_v large_o insist_v hereon_o according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o poor_a ability_n and_o that_o small_a read_n which_o frequent_a avocation_n from_o study_n on_o necessary_a occasion_n will_v permit_v a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o original_a and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o hebrew_n point_n vowel_n and_o accent_n the_o first_o part_n contain_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o improbability_n of_o their_o novel_a and_o humane_a invention_n and_o original_a chap._n i._n the_o question_n state_v the_o four_o different_a opinion_n about_o the_o first_o period_n of_o time_n whereunto_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o point_n be_v assign_v be_v enumerate_v the_o three_o several_a opinion_n of_o those_o who_o suppose_v the_o point_n be_v a_o novel_a invention_n relate_v the_o two_o last_o examine_v the_o question_n under_o consideration_n be_v concern_v the_o time_n when_o the_o shape_v of_o the_o point_n vowel_n and_o accent_n be_v first_o invent_v and_o place_v to_o the_o hebrew_n bible_n there_o be_v two_o period_n of_o time_n particular_o fix_v unto_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o which_o all_o party_n do_v in_o some_o respect_n ascribe_v their_o original_a the_o one_o be_v the_o time_n of_o ezra_n the_o other_o be_v a._n d._n 500_o the_o one_o make_v they_o of_o divine_a the_o other_o of_o humane_a original_a and_o authority_n so_o that_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o shape_v or_o figure_n of_o the_o point_n vowel_n and_o accent_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o text_n of_o the_o hebrew_n bible_n be_v invent_v and_o place_v to_o the_o text_n as_o early_o as_o the_o time_n of_o ezra_n ere_fw-we else_o not_o until_o the_o talmud_n be_v finish_v a._n d._n 500_o 1._o those_o that_o place_v they_o to_o the_o first_o period_n viz._n that_o say_v they_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n of_o ezra_n be_v all_o the_o jew_n one_o only_a elias_n except_v though_o they_o differ_v as_o to_o the_o positive_a precise_a time_n of_o their_o first_o invention_n as_o r._n samuel_n arkuvolti_fw-la reckon_v they_o up_o for_o 1_o st_z some_o say_v they_o be_v coevous_a with_o the_o letter_n 2._o other_o that_o they_o be_v give_v to_o moses_n on_o sinai_n with_o the_o oral_a law_n and_o keep_v by_o tradition_n till_o ezra_n time_n 3._o other_o say_v that_o they_o be_v place_v to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o scripture_n as_o they_o be_v first_o write_v 4._o but_o all_o the_o rest_n except_o elias_n only_o say_v that_o ezra_n and_o the_o great_a sanhedrim_n of_o his_o time_n first_o invent_v and_o place_v they_o to_o the_o text._n so_o that_o in_o this_o they_o all_o agree_v that_o by_o the_o time_n of_o ezra_n at_o late_a they_o be_v invent_v and_o place_v to_o the_o scripture_n and_o thereby_o they_o own_o their_o divine_a original_a and_o authority_n as_o do_v the_o generality_n of_o christian_n likewise_o 2._o those_o that_o place_n their_o original_a to_o the_o second_o period_n affirm_v that_o they_o be_v not_o invent_v before_o a._n d._n 500_o though_o they_o also_o differ_v as_o to_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o their_o first_o invention_n about_o which_o they_o hold_v three_o different_a opinion_n 1_o sy_n that_o they_o be_v begin_v and_o end_v simul_fw-la &_o semel_fw-la a._n d._n 500_o as_o elias_n say_v be_v his_o opinion_n in_o tob_z taam_n lettar_n page_n tsade_n cap._n 2._o i_o think_v say_v he_o that_o those_o who_o find_v out_o the_o point_n find_v out_o also_o the_o accent_n and_o place_v both_o of_o they_o to_o the_o letter_n at_o one_o time_n which_o in_o his_o masoret_n hammasoret_n pref._n 2._o he_o declare_v be_v about_o the_o year_n 500_o the_o evidence_n which_o he_o bring_v for_o his_o opinion_n and_o the_o testimony_n he_o produce_v out_o of_o aben_n ezra_n cosri_n kimchi_n and_o tsak_n sephataim_v shall_v be_v at_o large_a examine_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o the_o improbability_n and_o absurdity_n of_o his_o opinion_n full_o discover_v afterward_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n a_o brief_a relation_n of_o the_o two_o other_o opinion_n and_o examination_n of_o they_o by_o the_o way_n be_v the_o work_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o they_o be_v these_o 2._o the_o second_o different_a opinion_n about_o their_o novel_a invention_n be_v that_o of_o ludovicus_n capellus_n who_o suppose_v they_o be_v begin_v a._n d._n 500_o and_o end_v a._n d._n 1030._o by_o ben_n asher_n and_o ben_n naphthali_n arcanum_n punctationis_fw-la revelatum_fw-la cap._n 17._o but_o for_o this_o opinion_n he_o bring_v no_o testimony_n nor_o reason_n as_o buxtorf_n observe_v the_o punct_a orig._n pag._n 267._o hanc_fw-la vero_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o libris_fw-la &_o authoribus_fw-la nullis_fw-la â—eperiret_fw-la suopte_a mart_n &_o ingenio_fw-la eam_fw-la hoc_fw-la pacto_fw-la nobis_fw-la procudit_fw-la and_o all_o that_o capellus_n pretend_v to_o allege_v be_v only_o what_o elias_n levita_fw-la mention_n out_o of_o maimonides_n on_o another_o account_n about_o ben_fw-mi asher_n copy_n the_o jew_n lean_v upon_o it_o because_o he_o spend_v many_o year_n in_o correct_v of_o it_o the_o word_n of_o maimonides_n be_v these_o and_o the_o book_n that_o we_o lean_a upon_o in_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o book_n that_o be_v know_v in_o egypt_n comprise_v the_o twenty_o four_o book_n of_o scripture_n which_o be_v in_o jerusalem_n many_o year_n ago_o to_o correct_a book_n by_o it_o and_o all_o lean_a upon_o it_o because_o ben_n asher_n correct_v it_o who_o be_v exact_a therein_o many_o year_n and_o correct_v it_o many_o time_n as_o he_o transcribe_v it_o and_o and_o on_o he_o i_o lean_a in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n which_o i_o have_v write_v after_o his_o manner_n this_o elias_n repeat_v and_o add_v and_o so_o we_o lean_a upon_o his_o read_n in_o all_o these_o country_n and_o the_o man_n of_o the_o east_n lean_a on_o the_o read_n of_o ben_n naphthali_n and_o the_o difference_n
have_v be_v in_o their_o time_n resp._n we_o have_v produce_v instance_n out_o of_o the_o cabalistical_a write_n as_o the_o zohar_n and_o the_o bahir_n and_o out_o of_o the_o mishna_n and_o both_o the_o talmud_n viz._n that_o of_o jerusalem_n and_o that_o of_o babylon_n wherein_o the_o point_n be_v not_o only_o mention_v but_o their_o necessity_n and_o antiquity_n be_v own_v in_o part_n 1._o cap._n 15._o and_o so_o have_v buxtorf_n de_fw-fr punct_a orig._n part_n 1._o cap._n 5_o 6._o at_o large_a where_o he_o produce_v full_a testimony_n out_o of_o several_a cabalistical_a book_n that_o mention_v very_o many_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o point_n as_o do_v his_o father_n in_o his_o tiberias_n 2._o the_o point_n may_v be_v then_o and_o yet_o they_o may_v not_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o as_o well_o as_o many_o voluminous_a rabbinical_a commentary_n since_o the_o masorite_n alsheeck_n abarbinel_n etc._n etc._n who_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o point_n 3._o in_o the_o point_n they_o be_v not_o like_a to_o find_v such_o mystery_n as_o in_o the_o letter_n see_v the_o point_n hinder_v the_o design_n of_o raise_v many_o mysterious_a sense_n because_o they_o confine_v the_o text_n to_o one_o certain_a sense_n 4._o they_o may_v look_v for_o great_a mystery_n in_o the_o letter_n which_o they_o believe_v be_v give_v by_o the_o lord_n himself_o than_o by_o the_o point_n if_o they_o think_v that_o ezra_n invent_v they_o 5._o and_o as_o to_o the_o mishna_n and_o talmud_n there_o be_v not_o a_o text_n as_o buxtorf_n observe_v the_o punct_a orig._n par_fw-fr 1._o pag._n 77._o in_o all_o the_o mishna_n or_o talmud_n any_o otherwise_o read_v than_o according_a to_o our_o present_a punctation_n now_o if_o capellus_n place_v so_o much_o stress_n in_o the_o argument_n that_o the_o lxx_o read_v otherwise_o than_o the_o point_n direct_v therefore_o the_o point_n be_v not_o then_o we_o may_v well_o lay_v as_o much_o stress_n on_o this_o the_o mishna_n and_o both_o the_o talmud_n read_v all_o place_n according_a to_o the_o present_a punctation_n therefore_o the_o punctation_n be_v in_o their_o time_n elias_n object_n the_o talmud_n oft_o say_v read_v not_o so_o but_o so_o as_o not_o beneecha_n but_o boneecha_n and_o there_o be_v a_o mother_n to_o the_o mikra_fw-mi or_o scripture_n and_o a_o mother_n to_o the_o masora_n and_o that_o joab_n slay_v his_o master_n about_o the_o read_n of_o the_o word_n zacar_n which_o as_o it_o be_v point_v may_v be_v either_o the_o male_a or_o the_o memorial_n now_o say_v he_o if_o the_o point_n be_v divine_a they_o dare_v not_o say_v read_v not_o so_o but_o so._n resp._n r._n s._n arcâ—volti_fw-la in_fw-la arugath_fw-mi habbosem_fw-la cap._n 26._o answer_n this_o and_o say_v their_o rabbin_n have_v receive_v many_o doctrine_n and_o law_n by_o tradition_n which_o that_o they_o may_v preserve_v to_o posterity_n they_o set_v up_o tsionim_n mark_n as_o it_o be_v say_v sima_n be-pyhem_a put_v it_o in_o their_o mouth_n they_o say_v read_v not_o sima_n but_o simanah_n sign_n so_o that_o they_o alter_v the_o letter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o point_n hereby_o and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o say_v the_o letter_n be_v not_o in_o their_o time_n as_o that_o the_o point_n be_v not_o on_o this_o account_n for_o they_o say_v read_v not_o so_o but_o so_o of_o the_o letter_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o point_n moreover_o r._n azarias_n show_v that_o the_o story_n of_o joab_n and_o the_o say_v read_v not_o so_o but_o so_o be_v allusive_a and_o allegorical_a expression_n which_o he_o show_v be_v never_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o prove_v any_o doctrine_n by_o for_o their_o midrash_n and_o hagoda_n prove_v no_o doctrine_n and_o must_v be_v take_v for_o no_o other_o use_n than_o that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v bring_v and_o must_v never_o be_v take_v or_o use_v against_o scripture_n or_o sense_n and_o reason_n as_o the_o jew_n acknowledge_v vid._n r._n azarias_n meor_n enaim_n cap._n 59_o pag._n 92._o maim_v more_n nebochim_n book_n 3._o cap._n 43._o pugio_fw-la fidei_fw-la pag._n 92._o or_o 111._o ult_n edit_fw-la so_o deut._n 23.13_o a_o paddle_v on_o thy_o arm_n read_v not_o so_o say_v the_o talmud_n but_o read_v put_v thy_o finger_n to_o thou_o ear._n this_o none_o can_v suppose_v they_o design_n to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o it_o but_o be_v allegorical_a as_o poet_n use_v to_o speak_v in_o metaphor_n and_o symbol_n vid._n pugio_fw-la fidei_fw-la ut_fw-la supra_fw-la so_o that_o these_o note_n be_v only_o to_o help_v the_o memory_n by_o such_o allusion_n as_o r._n s._n arcuvoliâ—_n observe_v chap._n ii_o §._o 1._o the_o objection_n of_o the_o ancient_a translation_n of_o the_o lxx_o and_o the_o chaldee_n paraphrase_n use_v a_o unpointed_a copy_n answer_v §._o 2._o the_o objection_n that_o the_o ancient_a character_n be_v the_o samaritan_n and_o have_v no_o point_n answer_v §._o 3._o the_o validity_n of_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o jew_n not_o impair_v in_o the_o least_o by_o any_o of_o the_o objection_n §_o 1._o 4._o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o lxx_o read_v otherwise_o than_o our_o punctation_n direct_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v suppose_v the_o point_n be_v not_o in_o their_o time_n resp._n 1_o they_o also_o read_v with_o other_o letter_n word_n and_o sentence_n in_o many_o place_n than_o our_o present_a hebrew_n copy_n direct_v and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o suppose_v our_o copy_n be_v not_o in_o their_o time_n or_o that_o they_o use_v another_o copy_n as_o capellus_n open_o avow_v vind._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o sect_n 6._o pag._n 822._o and_o in_o his_o critica_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o go_v to_o mend_v our_o bible_n by_o conjecture_n at_o what_o word_n be_v in_o the_o copy_n by_o which_o the_o lxx_o translate_v but_o will_v not_o say_v we_o be_v corrupt_v when_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v mend_v by_o his_o conjecture_n in_o innumerable_a place_n which_o can_v be_v admit_v without_o suppose_v it_o corrupt_v and_o gross_o too_o and_o we_o may_v here_o see_v whither_o this_o opinion_n of_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o point_n and_o this_o argument_n about_o the_o lxx_o do_v tend_v at_o last_o not_o only_o to_o deprive_v we_o of_o the_o point_n but_o also_o of_o the_o letter_n word_n and_o sentence_n even_o the_o copy_n itself_o which_o we_o enjoy_v hence_o vossius_fw-la more_o honest_o reject_v our_o hebrew_a bible_n and_o prefer_v the_o lxx_o as_o authentic_a and_o the_o papist_n on_o this_o account_n reject_v our_o bible_n and_o prefer_v the_o vulgar_a latin_n but_o both_o be_v more_o kind_a than_o capellus_n for_o though_o they_o take_v away_o our_o bible_n as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v yet_o they_o give_v we_o another_o in_o its_o stead_n which_o he_o do_v not_o only_o leave_v we_o to_o conjecture_v by_o ancient_a translation_n what_o our_o bible_n be_v of_o old_a and_o of_o this_o argument_n of_o the_o lxx_o dr._n broughton_n say_v in_o his_o position_n touch_v the_o hebrew_n tongue_n pag._n 669._o our_o late_a man_n say_v he_o help_v elias_n his_o most_o deadly_a error_n with_o a_o argument_n hard_a for_o the_o unlearned_a to_o answer_n viz._n this_o of_o the_o lxx_o of_o which_o he_o say_v good_a man_n use_v this_o reason_n to_o help_v the_o pope_n to_o disannul_v the_o authority_n of_o scripture_n and_o to_o betray_v their_o own_o strong_a hold_n this_o answer_n be_v sure_a the_o lxx_o never_o mean_v to_o open_v the_o law_n to_o heathen_a where_o they_o will_v play_v the_o hog_n or_o dog_n christ_n have_v promise_v mat._n 5.18_o that_o not_o one_o jot_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v perish_v that_o the_o copy_n we_o now_o enjoy_v be_v the_o true_a authentic_a original_a we_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v when_o it_o be_v necessary_a so_o to_o do_v but_o see_v those_o in_o england_n who_o embrace_n capellus_n his_o opinion_n about_o the_o point_n do_v yet_o reject_v this_o notion_n about_o our_o copy_n we_o need_v not_o here_o enlarge_v upon_o this_o subject_a 2._o some_o who_o use_v this_o argument_n of_o the_o lxx_o will_v nevertheless_o state_n the_o question_n so_o smooth_o as_o if_o they_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o force_n of_o the_o punctation_n but_o of_o the_o shape_v only_o which_o the_o masorite_n say_v they_o place_v right_o according_a to_o the_o sound_n which_o have_v be_v keep_v by_o use_n to_o that_o time_n vid._n considerate_a consid._n cap._n 10._o sect_n 6._o pag._n 206_o 207_o 208_o etc._n etc._n whereas_o they_o yet_o use_v this_o argument_n of_o the_o lxx_o the_o chaldee_n paraphrase_n and_o ierom_n go_v off_o from_o the_o punctation_n which_o they_o do_v as_o much_o in_o the_o sound_n as_o shape_n or_o rather_o sole_o in_o the_o sound_v and_o force_n of_o the_o point_n which_o by_o this_o argument_n than_o be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n and_o
so_o that_o they_o be_v half_o naked_a beside_o which_o they_o suffer_v both_o their_o beard_n and_o hair_n to_o grow_v this_o dress_n with_o their_o particular_a manner_n of_o carriage_n draw_v many_o child_n after_o they_o and_o expose_v they_o to_o their_o ridicule_n yet_o for_o all_o the_o apparent_a severity_n they_o be_v very_o debauch_v as_o they_o walk_v the_o street_n this_o aspersion_n be_v often_o cast_v upon_o they_o especial_o when_o out_o of_o greece_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d grec_n imposteur_fw-fr their_o garment_n be_v general_o black_a and_o dirty_a and_o if_o any_o one_o be_v see_v to_o affect_v the_o same_o slovenliness_n he_o be_v certain_a to_o have_v the_o same_o reproach_n render_v he_o as_o st._n jerome_n make_v appear_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o marcellus_n upon_o the_o infirmity_n of_o blasill_n the_o christian_a monk_n with_o their_o habit_n inherit_v the_o vanity_n of_o the_o philosopher_n also_o it_o be_v believe_v by_o some_o author_n that_o the_o heathen_n call_v they_o through_o contempt_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d black_a casack_n and_o say_v templo_fw-la they_o be_v no_o mark_n of_o virtue_n so_o that_o it_o be_v but_o wear_v a_o mourn_a dress_n and_o that_o it_o import_v not_o what_o they_o appear_v outward_o since_o acdesii_fw-la there_o be_v nothing_o but_o excessive_a vanity_n within_o now_o to_o return_v to_o justin_n antiquity_n assure_v we_o he_o live_v very_o conformable_o to_o the_o habit_n he_o wear_v he_o go_v to_o rome_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o antonine_n the_o pious_a and_o fix_v his_o abide_v there_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n against_o the_o heathen_n marcionite_n and_o other_o heretic_n in_o pursuit_n of_o which_o he_o write_v several_a book_n that_o have_v be_v lose_v about_o the_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n of_o the_o bless_a jesus_n he_o present_v to_o antonine_n his_o apology_n for_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o emperor_n publish_v a_o edict_n and_o send_v into_o all_o asia_n command_v that_o the_o christian_n shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o justice_n whereas_o before_o they_o take_v away_o their_o good_n banish_v they_o and_o sometime_o put_v they_o to_o death_n without_o any_o formality_n at_o all_o in_o dr._n cave_n there_o be_v some_o critical_a observation_n on_o the_o date_n of_o this_o edict_n by_o which_o he_o plain_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v antonine_n and_o not_o marcus_n aurelius_n as_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v suppose_v after_o have_v publish_a this_o apology_n justin_n make_v a_o voyage_n into_o asia_n where_o he_o come_v acquaint_v with_o trypho_n the_o jew_n which_o dr._n cave_n believe_v to_o be_v r._n tarpho_n who_o be_v friend_n to_o r._n akiba_n that_o be_v so_o often_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o thalmud_n trypho_n have_v retire_v from_o judea_n after_o the_o war_n of_o barchocheas_n and_o justin_n find_v he_o at_o ephesus_n dispute_v with_o he_o for_o two_o day_n of_o which_o he_o give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o public_a in_o a_o book_n entitle_v a_o dialogue_n with_o trypho_n from_o thence_o return_v to_o rome_n he_o compose_v that_o apology_n which_o be_v call_v the_o first_o though_o it_o be_v real_o the_o second_o and_o present_v it_o to_o marcus_n aurelius_n lucius_n verus_n for_o a_o certainty_n not_o be_v at_o that_o time_n at_o rome_n justin_n have_v great_a contest_v also_o with_o one_o crescens_n a_o cynic_n philosopher_n who_o under_o the_o pretend_a austerity_n of_o a_o philosophical_a life_n conceal_v many_o shameful_a disorder_n wherefore_o justin_n call_v he_o a_o philosopher_n and_o no_o philosopher_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o man_n enrage_v against_o justin_n resolve_v to_o do_v his_o utmost_a to_o ruin_v he_o he_o find_v it_o not_o difficult_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o excessive_a superstition_n of_o marcus_n aurelius_n to_o that_o end_n who_o have_v also_o a_o very_a ill_a opinion_n of_o the_o christian_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o these_o word_n of_o his_o book_n 11._o §_o 3._o such_o be_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o it_o must_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n whether_o it_o be_v extinguish_v and_o dissipate_v like_o a_o vapour_n or_o whether_o it_o subsist_v this_o disposition_n must_v proceed_v from_o its_o own_o judgement_n not_o from_o a_o passion_n pure_o which_o trouble_v it_o as_o be_v often_o see_v in_o the_o christian_n but_o from_o a_o calm_a and_o solid_a reason_v such_o as_o may_v be_v inspire_v to_o another_o without_o make_v use_n of_o discourse_n full_a of_o figure_n and_o exaggeration_n the_o circumstance_n of_o iustin_n death_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o account_n of_o his_o martyrdom_n seq_n which_o dr._n cave_n believe_v to_o be_v true_a their_o shortness_n he_o say_v be_v no_o little_a sign_n that_o they_o have_v be_v take_v from_o ancient_a memoir_n without_o be_v correct_v and_o add_v to_o in_o latter_a age_n as_o many_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n have_v be_v it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o have_v doubt_v whether_o those_o act_n contain_v the_o martyrdom_n of_o justin_n according_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o their_o suspicion_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v well_o ground_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o what_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o it_o especial_o the_o time_n and_o death_n of_o this_o martyr_n which_o be_v when_o rusticus_n be_v praefect_n of_o rome_n as_o st._n epiphanius_n confirm_v rusticus_n be_v a_o great_a man_n both_o in_o the_o war_n and_o state_n very_o much_o incline_v to_o philosophy_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n he_o have_v be_v governor_n to_o marcus_n aurelius_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o this_o emperor_n where_o be_v the_o chief_a lesson_n that_o he_o learn_v of_o he_o before_o this_o rusticus_n justin_n and_o six_o other_o christian_n be_v bring_v after_o they_o have_v be_v first_o put_v in_o prison_n he_o ask_v they_o if_o they_o be_v christian_n they_o all_o free_o confess_v it_o public_o and_o refuse_v to_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o roman_a deity_n be_v behead_v baronius_n conclude_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o 165th_o year_n after_o christ_n as_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o alexandrian_a chronology_n that_o say_v a_o little_a after_o justin_n have_v present_v his_o second_o apology_n to_o the_o emperor_n he_o receive_v the_o crown_n of_o martyrdom_n dr._n cave_n after_o the_o relation_n of_o iustin_n death_n give_v a_o character_n of_o his_o virtue_n and_o learning_n in_o the_o 152._o manner_n of_o a_o panegyric_n as_o he_o do_v to_o all_o the_o live_v he_o have_v write_v where_o all_o along_o he_o mingle_v eloquence_n with_o the_o critical_a part_n of_o his_o history_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o although_o ancient_n have_v extreme_o praise_v the_o learning_n of_o justin_n this_o holy_a man_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o hebrew_n as_o appear_v 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essential_a in_o itself_o from_o the_o defect_n which_o the_o misfortune_n of_o time_n and_o imprudence_n of_o several_a professor_n have_v suffer_v to_o slip_v into_o it_o 2._o that_o the_o only_a design_n of_o these_o author_n be_v to_o include_v in_o one_o body_n of_o doctrine_n all_o the_o vast_a science_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v confuse_o dispose_v in_o scripture_n and_o in_o the_o ancient_a father_n without_o any_o natural_a order_n and_o to_o reduce_v all_o the_o truth_n which_o god_n have_v reveal_v to_o we_o to_o certain_a principal_a head_n which_o comprise_v they_o all_o and_o give_v they_o a_o order_n found_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n or_o upon_o the_o subject_a 3._o that_o before_o this_o reduction_n this_o study_n do_v extreme_o displease_v the_o mind_n not_o only_o by_o its_o length_n but_o also_o by_o the_o confusion_n of_o matter_n that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n man_n put_v themselves_o into_o great_a danger_n of_o â—alling_v into_o error_n and_o of_o cast_v other_o therein_o when_o they_o immediate_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o holy_a writ_n and_o ancient_a father_n without_o have_v before_o study_v in_o methodical_a divinity_n necessary_a precaution_n 4._o that_o the_o roman_a church_n approve_v not_o that_o man_n shall_v indifferent_o read_v scripture_n 5._o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o error_n in_o the_o work_v of_o the_o ancient_a father_n which_o they_o advance_v with_o a_o good_a intention_n but_o that_o they_o have_v be_v since_o condemn_v that_o they_o have_v make_v very_o orthodox_n proposition_n upon_o the_o mystery_n of_o their_o time_n and_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o give_v they_o which_o ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v mention_v without_o some_o mollify_a that_o they_o have_v make_v use_n of_o several_a hyperbolical_a expression_n which_o seem_v contrary_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o other_o father_n and_o what_o they_o themselves_o have_v elsewhere_o 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who_o will_v maintain_v the_o barbarity_n as_o essential_a to_o their_o method_n nevertheless_o by_o little_a and_o little_a this_o unsupportable_a jargon_n be_v leâ—t_v off_o but_o there_o be_v another_o defect_n which_o be_v not_o easy_o forsake_v and_o that_o be_v a_o hundred_o unprofitable_a question_n wherewith_o the_o imprudence_n of_o ancient_a professor_n have_v fill_v the_o divinity_n of_o the_o school_n and_o that_o the_o weakness_n or_o negligence_n of_o their_o successor_n still_o obstinate_o maintain_v they_o stop_v so_o long_o at_o these_o question_n which_o only_o perplex_v and_o that_o disputation_n have_v render_v famous_a that_o they_o be_v force_v entire_o to_o omit_v the_o great_a part_n of_o such_o truth_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o faith_n for_o christian_a morality_n which_o shall_v make_v the_o principal_a subject_n of_o each_o treatise_n so_o that_o scholar_n find_v themselves_o at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o study_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o true_a 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and_o even_o to_o shun_v excessive_a hyperbole_n 2._o a_o extreme_a horror_n to_o vice_n and_o a_o sincere_a desire_n of_o inspire_v it_o into_o his_o auditor_n which_o engage_v he_o to_o be_v very_o grave_a in_o all_o his_o discourse_n to_o avoid_v all_o sort_n of_o railleries_n even_o the_o most_o honest_a one_o never_o to_o paint_v vice_n so_o as_o to_o may_v make_v the_o hearer_n laugh_v and_o not_o to_o speak_v comedy_n or_o satyr_n instead_o of_o sermon_n to_o avoid_v all_o tone_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o all_o such_o gesture_n which_o render_v a_o man_n contemptible_a or_o ridiculous_a 3._o he_o must_v appear_v extreme_o modest_a and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o all_o manner_n of_o boasting_n as_o to_o be_v satisfy_v to_o make_v other_o sensible_a of_o the_o beauty_n solidity_n and_o force_v of_o his_o thought_n without_o seem_v to_o take_v notice_n thereof_o himself_o and_o without_o make_v use_n of_o his_o wit_n knowledge_n memory_n or_o any_o other_o artifice_n in_o discourse_n to_o gain_v applause_n he_o ought_v to_o show_v a_o moderation_n void_a of_o all_o regret_n and_o every_o interest_v passion_n never_o to_o speak_v of_o any_o thing_n which_o the_o people_n know_v they_o have_v any_o personal_a interest_n in_o all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v or_o do_v against_o a_o minister_n he_o can_v mention_v in_o his_o sermon_n without_o its_o produce_v a_o very_a ill_a effect_n the_o best_a apology_n be_v to_o appear_v as_o if_o one_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o think_v one_o have_v be_v affront_v 5._o to_o give_v to_o these_o expression_n a_o noble_a and_o affectionate_a turn_n 6._o to_o make_v a_o frequent_a and_o judicious_a use_n of_o sentence_n or_o often_o to_o make_v use_n of_o general_a expression_n conceive_v in_o few_o word_n which_o express_v that_o which_o be_v do_v or_o be_v not_o do_v what_o we_o ought_v and_o what_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o general_a conduct_n of_o men._n 7._o to_o advance_v nothing_o but_o