perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o this_o roundness_n in_o a_o small_a distance_n be_v no_o way_n sensible_a but_o in_o a_o great_a pavement_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o pace_n level_v perpendicular_o it_o will_v make_v some_o show_n of_o roundness_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a pavement_n measure_v over_o by_o a_o right_a line_n can_v be_v call_v level_a or_o equal_o poize_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v not_o every_o where_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 2_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o equal_a time_n move_v a_o equal_a space_n this_o proposition_n be_v invent_v by_o one_o johannes_n baptist_n de_fw-fr benedictis_n be_v cite_v and_o confirm_v by_o john_n dee_n in_o his_o mathematical_a preface_n to_o bill_v slie_n geometry_n which_o correct_v a_o common_a error_n of_o those_o man_n which_o suppose_v the_o light_a body_n general_o not_o to_o move_v so_o fast_o downward_o to_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o heavy_a the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a be_v draw_v from_o many_o staticall_a principle_n which_o we_o can_v here_o convenient_o insert_v we_o be_v enforce_v to_o omit_v as_o intend_v not_o the_o search_n of_o these_o matter_n any_o far_a than_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geographie_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v â—_o more_o popular_a expression_n of_o this_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o this_o weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la because_o the_o great_a body_n as_o it_o be_v carry_v downward_o by_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o meet_v a_o great_a impediment_n be_v not_o able_a so_o soon_o to_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o the_o lesser_a likewise_o the_o lesser_a body_n fall_v with_o less_o force_n yet_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o divide_v it_o then_o the_o other_o whence_o both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâ—â—â—_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ—_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nâ—rth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâ—w_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâ—e_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n which_o be_v a_o notable_a star_n in_o the_o ship_n appear_v not_o at_o rhodes_n or_o at_o least_o from_o high_a place_n but_o if_o you_o travel_v forth_o southward_o from_o italy_n into_o egypt_n to_o alexandria_n the_o same_o star_n proclus_n observe_v will_v manifest_v itself_o to_o your_o sight_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n above_o the_o horizon_n sphaer_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o sound_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o spherical_a and_o gibbous_a convexitie_n which_o interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o egypt_n in_o which_o place_n the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o egypt_n which_o border_n upon_o arabia_n which_o be_v call_v trogloâ—ites_n of_o their_o dwell_n in_o cave_n can_v see_v any_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n whence_o we_o may_v concluâ—e_v that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a for_o if_o otherwise_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a all_o the_o northern_a star_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
on_o this_o superficies_n successive_o grow_v great_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o either_o pole_n until_o it_o challenge_v equal_a diameter_n with_o the_o cylinder_n and_o likewise_o all_o the_o meridian_n grow_a wide_a and_o far_o off_o till_o they_o be_v as_o far_o distant_a everywhere_a as_o be_v the_o equinoctial_a one_o from_o the_o other_o hence_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v the_o true_a mathematical_a production_n or_o generation_n of_o this_o part_n for_o first_o of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n it_o be_v make_v a_o cylinder_n and_o second_o of_o a_o cylinder_n it_o be_v make_v a_o parallellogramme_n or_o plain_a superficies_n for_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o a_o cylinder_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o plain_a parallellogramme_n imagine_v to_o be_v wound_n about_o two_o equal_a equidistant_a circle_n have_v one_o common_a axletree_n perpendicular_a upon_o the_o centre_n of_o they_o both_o and_o the_o periphery_n of_o they_o both_o equal_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o parallellogramme_n as_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o those_o centre_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o in_o this_o chart_n so_o conceive_v to_o be_v make_v all_o place_n must_v needs_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o same_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n meridian_n parallel_n and_o rhumbe_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o globe_n itself_o because_o we_o have_v imagine_v every_o point_n betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o pole_n to_o swell_v equal_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n till_o it_o apply_v itself_o to_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n so_o that_o no_o point_n can_v be_v displace_v from_o his_o proper_a seat_n but_o only_o dilate_v in_o certain_a proportion_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o best_a conceit_n for_o the_o groundwork_n or_o platform_n of_o this_o geographical_a chart._n 2_o except_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o parallel_n in_o a_o plaine-chart_n be_v vary_v it_o can_v be_v excuse_v from_o sensible_a error_n it_o have_v be_v think_v by_o many_o geographer_n that_o the_o earth_n can_v apt_o according_a to_o due_a symmetry_n and_o proportion_n be_v express_v in_o a_o plain_a superficies_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o globe_n for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o which_o be_v join_v and_o unite_v in_o the_o globe_n be_v of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n be_v in_o the_o map_n extend_v and_o dilate_a to_o a_o diverse_a longitude_n and_o latitude_n from_o that_o spherical_a delineation_n and_o although_o it_o have_v be_v general_o conceit_v by_o many_o writer_n that_o no_o due_a proportion_n can_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n without_o sensible_a error_n yet_o most_o exception_n have_v be_v make_v against_o this_o chart_n here_o mention_v consist_v of_o one_o face_n and_o straight_a line_n which_o in_o substance_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o circle_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o nautical_a chart_n of_o who_o error_n martin_n cortese_fw-it peter_n nonnus_n and_o many_o other_o have_v complain_v which_o escape_n be_v excellent_o open_v and_o reform_v by_o our_o countryman_n edward_n wright_n in_o his_o correction_n of_o nautical_a error_n the_o reason_n or_o ground_n which_o draw_v these_o man_n to_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v proportionable_o describe_v in_o a_o plain_a superficies_n proceed_v from_o the_o common_a proportion_n of_o the_o line_n and_o circle_n on_o the_o chart._n for_o suppose_v the_o parallel_n cut_v the_o meridian_n at_o equal_a angle_n to_o observe_v a_o equal_a distance_n everywhere_a one_o from_o the_o other_o these_o error_n and_o absurdity_n must_v of_o necessity_n ensue_v first_o what_o place_n soever_o be_v delineate_v in_o the_o ordinary_a chart_n the_o length_n of_o they_o from_o east_n to_o west_n have_v a_o great_a proportion_n to_o the_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n then_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v except_o only_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o this_o error_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o augment_v by_o how_o much_o those_o place_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o the_o near_a you_o approach_v the_o pole_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o the_o parallel_n still_o increase_v so_o that_o at_o the_o parallel_n of_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o length_n to_o the_o breadth_n be_v twice_o great_a than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o meridian_n be_v double_a to_o that_o parallel_n and_o so_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n whence_o as_o edward_n wright_n observe_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o length_n of_o friesland_n to_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o be_v twofold_a great_a than_o in_o the_o globe_n which_o express_v the_o true_a proportion_n because_o the_o meridian_n be_v double_a to_o the_o parallel_n of_o that_o island_n in_o like_a sort_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o the_o land_n of_o grock-land_n and_o groenland_n the_o length_n to_o the_o breadth_n have_v a_o fourfold_a great_a proportion_n in_o the_o common_a chart_n then_o in_o the_o globe_n because_o the_o meridian_n be_v fourfold_a great_a than_o the_o parallel_n of_o those_o place_n wherefore_o it_o can_v be_v conceit_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o find_v out_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n by_o the_o common_a chart_n can_v be_v anywhere_o true_a without_o sensible_a error_n except_o only_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o near_o about_o it_o because_o in_o no_o other_o place_n the_o parallel_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o meridian_n in_o other_o place_n the_o error_n will_v be_v sensible_a according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n of_o that_o place_n whereas_o if_o the_o contrary_n be_v grant_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o two_o ship_n sail_v from_o north_n to_o south_n under_o two_o several_a meridian_n will_v keep_v the_o same_o distance_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o of_o longitude_n near_o the_o pole_n which_o they_o have_v near_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v impossible_a because_o meridian_n can_v be_v parallel_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o by_o how_o much_o they_o approach_v the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v near_o that_o in_o the_o end_n they_o all_o concur_v and_o meet_v in_o the_o pole_n itself_o second_o this_o common_a chart_n admit_v there_o will_v arise_v great_a error_n not_o only_o in_o the_o situation_n of_o diverse_a place_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o also_o in_o the_o bear_n of_o place_n one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o the_o meridian_n be_v a_o certain_a rule_n of_o the_o site_n and_o position_n of_o place_n therefore_o whensoever_o any_o error_n shall_v be_v commit_v in_o the_o site_n and_o position_n of_o the_o meridian_n there_o must_v needs_o follow_v error_n in_o the_o designation_n of_o the_o rhumbe_n and_o other_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o therefore_o every_o respective_a position_n of_o place_n to_o place_n set_v down_o in_o the_o common_a chart_n can_v be_v warrant_v a_o pregnant_a example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o way_n from_o india_n for_o the_o promontory_n of_o africa_n call_v the_o promontory_n of_o three_o point_n have_v of_o northern_a latitude_n 4_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o island_n of_o tristan_n acugna_fw-la have_v 36_o degree_n of_o southern_a latitude_n be_v in_o the_o common_a chart_n set_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o the_o chart_n show_v the_o distance_n between_o these_o land_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n to_o come_v near_o to_o 400_o league_n both_o which_o can_v stand_v together_o for_o if_o all_o the_o coast_n from_o the_o promontory_n of_o three_o point_n unto_o the_o cape_n of_o good-hope_a be_v right_o measure_v and_o the_o promontory_n of_o three_o point_n lie_v also_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o those_o land_n yet_o must_v the_o distance_n be_v much_o less_o but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o less_o it_o can_v stand_v with_o reason_n that_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o meridian_n with_o the_o promontory_n of_o three_o point_n but_o must_v needs_o lie_v more_o westward_o three_o there_o must_v needs_o arise_v a_o great_a error_n in_o the_o translate_n seacoast_n and_o other_o such_o place_n out_o of_o the_o common_a chart_n into_o the_o globe_n because_o they_o have_v only_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n find_v therein_o so_o that_o not_o only_a error_n appear_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n but_o also_o otherwhere_o thence_o derive_v these_o and_o many_o more_o error_n have_v be_v detect_v in_o the_o common_a sea-chart_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v respect_v the_o circle_n aught_o to_o be_v imagine_v one_o and_o the_o self-same_a with_o the_o projection_n of_o the_o line_n in_o a_o geographical_a table_n which_o oversight_n ger._n mercator_n in_o his_o universal_a map_n seem_v to_o correct_v yet_o leave_v no_o demonstration_n behind_o he_o to_o teach_v other_o the_o certain_a way_n to_o draw_v the_o line_n
other_o in_o greatness_n as_o for_o example_n let_v there_o be_v imagine_v two_o parallelogramme_n the_o one_o a_o exact_a square_n of_o six_o foot_n the_o other_o a_o long_a square_n of_o 10_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n the_o one_o comprehend_v 36_o square_a foot_n the_o other_o 20_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o multiplication_n of_o their_o side_n the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o in_o which_o number_n there_o be_v a_o great_a inequality_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o we_o measure_v the_o circuit_n or_o circumference_n of_o each_o figure_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 24_o foot_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o their_o figure_n here_o prefix_v for_o among_o those_o figure_n call_v isoperimetrall_a or_o of_o equal_a perimeter_n that_o be_v always_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a which_o be_v the_o more_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n but_o in_o inordinate_a figure_n of_o which_o nature_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o region_n infinite_a error_n may_v be_v commit_v if_o we_o measure_v they_o by_o circumnavigation_n wherefore_o to_o measure_v a_o country_n more_o exact_o it_o behoove_v we_o not_o only_o to_o know_v the_o circumference_n but_o also_o the_o diameter_n 2_o those_o country_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v because_o a_o plain_a superficies_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n but_o a_o right_a line_n as_o euclid_n witness_v be_v the_o short_a betwixt_o his_o own_o bound_n whereas_o between_o two_o point_n infinite_a crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o more_o certainty_n and_o exactness_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o plain_a country_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o right_a line_n then_o from_o a_o crooked_a and_o hilly_a trey_n region_n where_o the_o cord_n be_v crooked_a and_o gibbous_a whence_o some_o mathematician_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o more_o man_n may_v stand_v on_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o a_o hill_n or_o mountain_n then_o on_o a_o plain_a although_o both_o be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o diameter_n it_o may_v be_v here_o object_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v every_o where_o crooked_a and_o orbicular_a and_o therefore_o no_o part_n thereof_o can_v be_v measure_v by_o a_o right_a line_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v indeed_o spherical_a as_o we_o have_v former_o prove_v yet_o may_v some_o little_a part_n or_o portion_n thereof_o be_v count_v as_o a_o plain_a because_o such_o part_n have_v little_a or_o no_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o convexity_n therefore_o be_v so_o little_a may_v pass_v for_o a_o plain_a without_o any_o sensible_a error_n hence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o the_o land_n can_v so_o exact_o be_v measure_v as_o the_o sea_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v uneven_a vary_v with_o hill_n daleâ—_n and_o other_o inequality_n but_o the_o sea_n every_o where_o plain_a and_o like_v itself_o except_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o surge_n which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n will_v make_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o second_o we_o may_v hence_o collect_v that_o of_o two_o country_n of_o the_o same_o bound_n and_o figure_n that_o must_v be_v the_o great_a who_o soil_n and_o superficies_n be_v most_o vary_a and_o crooked_a because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v crooked_a line_n betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v long_o than_o right_a and_o therefore_o measure_v the_o great_a magnitude_n 9_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o magnitude_n the_o bind_v of_o a_o country_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o this_o definition_n be_v very_o evident_a in_o that_o every_o region_n be_v topographical_o consider_v as_o a_o plain_a or_o superficies_n who_o bound_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o for_o as_o a_o line_n be_v bound_v by_o a_o point_n so_o a_o superficies_n by_o a_o line_n as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o geometry_n now_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o bound_n of_o country_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o geometrical_o for_o the_o mere_a line_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o go_v round_o about_o it_o secon_o geographical_o for_o the_o visible_a mark_n and_o character_n whereby_o the_o line_n be_v trace_v out_o unto_o we_o such_o as_o be_v river_n city_n hill_n castle_n and_o such_o like_a these_o mark_n whereby_o a_o topographer_n note_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o country_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v derive_v from_o nature_n without_o man_n appointment_n such_o as_o be_v river_n creek_n mountain_n wood_n and_o such_o like_a other_o matter_n which_o bind_v the_o extent_n of_o country_n the_o artificial_a bound_n be_v such_o as_o depend_v upon_o some_o constitution_n or_o decree_n of_o a_o man_n which_o so_o divide_v one_o country_n from_o another_o the_o partition_n be_v often_o make_v where_o no_o notable_a mark_n or_o bound_n be_v set_v by_o nature_n 1_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o natural_a sign_n or_o mark_n which_o be_v set_v for_o bound_n of_o country_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o as_o it_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o first_o creation_n and_o can_v be_v change_v without_o some_o great_a earthquake_n inundation_n or_o such_o like_a alteration_n in_o nature_n which_o very_o seldom_o happen_v and_o in_o very_a few_o place_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n such_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o depend_v upon_o man_n appointment_n may_v be_v alter_v and_o change_v according_a to_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v among_o we_o that_o ancient_a land_n and_o inheritance_n be_v much_o question_v concern_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o also_o great_a controversy_n be_v make_v among_o geographer_n concern_v the_o bound_a of_o country_n and_o territory_n ancient_o know_v and_o define_v by_o old_a writer_n for_o name_n and_o particular_a contract_n betwixt_o man_n in_o a_o few_o age_n may_v easy_o slip_v out_o of_o memory_n especial_o when_o the_o possessor_n themselves_o as_o it_o often_o happen_v strive_v to_o extinguish_v and_o raze_v out_o the_o memory_n of_o former_a age_n leave_v behind_o they_o no_o mark_n or_o sign_n to_o tell_v the_o world_n their_o wrong_a neighbour_n right_a or_o the_o limit_a fortune_n of_o their_o own_o possession_n 2_o equal_a bound_n do_v not_o always_o contain_v equal_a region_n this_o proposition_n be_v plain_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o this_o very_a chapter_n wherein_o we_o have_v prove_v of_o two_o figure_n suppose_v equal_a in_o the_o circumference_n that_o to_o be_v the_o great_a which_o more_o near_o approach_v a_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o we_o define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n so_o that_o two_o region_n the_o one_o round_a the_o other_o square_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a compass_n about_o and_o yet_o the_o former_a will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o space_n therein_o contain_v 10_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o quality_n by_o the_o quality_n i_o understand_v the_o natural_a temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n 1_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n that_o almighty_a god_n who_o create_v the_o whole_a world_n have_v not_o grant_v the_o same_o gift_n and_o endowment_n to_o all_o country_n but_o have_v divide_v diverse_a commodity_n to_o diverse_a region_n seem_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o all_o controversy_n for_o who_o find_v not_o by_o experience_n one_o country_n hot_a another_o cold_a a_o three_o temperate_a one_o fruitful_a another_o barren_a a_o three_o indifferent_a one_o healthy_a another_o unwholesome_a the_o like_a diversity_n be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o according_a to_o that_o common_a proverb_n valentes_fw-la thebani_fw-la acutiores_fw-la attici_fw-la whence_o this_o diversity_n shall_v arise_v it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o unfold_v for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o cause_n herein_o concur_v sometime_o to_o help_v sometime_o to_o cross_v one_o the_o other_o yet_o will_v i_o strive_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o certain_a head_n by_o which_o a_o general_a guess_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o particular_n the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o star_n therein_o fix_v this_o may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n two_o way_n 1_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o general_a light_n and_o influx_n whence_o in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v
the_o concavity_n and_o hollowgaping_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v everywhere_a choke_v and_o fill_v up_o with_o water_n who_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o therefore_o help_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n to_o accomplish_v &_o perfect_v this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n these_o reason_n out_o of_o common_a experience_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o first_o be_v drawn-from_a the_o part_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o we_o may_v everywhere_a observe_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o earth_n and_o another_o of_o water_n be_v let_v fall_v will_v descend_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n towards_o the_o same_o centre_n whence_o we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o by_o a_o consequence_n conspire_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n second_o to_o a_o like_a arch_n or_o space_n in_o the_o heaven_n be_v find_v answerable_a alike_o arch_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whether_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n which_o can_v not_o happen_v be_v they_o not_o account_v part_n of_o the_o same_o sphere_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n shadow_v &_o obscure_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v one_o spherical_a or_o round-figure_n this_o shadow_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o astronomer_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n intercept_n the_o sunbeam_n which_o shall_v illuminate_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o shadow_n imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o they_o arise_v but_o in_o the_o eclipse_n we_o find_v only_o the_o shadow_n of_o one_o body_n or_o sphere_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n we_o may_v conclude_v the_o body_n whereof_o such_o a_o shadow_n proceed_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n 8_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v the_o natural_a harmony_n or_o order_n arise_v from_o the_o part_n work_v together_o we_o ought_v here_o to_o remember_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n concur_v together_o to_o make_v one_o terrestrial_a sphere_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a be_v account_v one_o coacernate_v and_o collect_v body_n make_v of_o two_o other_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v a_o internal_a essential_a and_o specifical_a form_n such_o as_o aristotle_n recount_v among_o the_o principle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n but_o only_o such_o a_o one_o as_o in_o itself_o be_v external_a and_o accidental_a yet_o concur_v as_o it_o be_v essential_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n who_o fabric_n and_o first_o composition_n can_v well_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o some_o have_v imagine_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inform_v with_o one_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n which_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o affinity_n with_o that_o of_o plato_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n not_o that_o plato_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v so_o absurd_a to_o defend_v that_o the_o world_n with_o all_o his_o part_n be_v animate_v with_o a_o true_a vital_a soul_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n but_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o quicken_v and_o dispose_v by_o a_o certain_a energeticall_a power_n or_o virtue_n which_o have_v great_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o embrace_v by_o our_o late_a magnetical_a philosopher_n who_o opinion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v and_o examine_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n ground_v our_o discourse_n on_o know_v principle_n we_o can_v admit_v no_o other_o form_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o mutual_a harmony_n order_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v together_o and_o work_v the_o perfection_n &_o perpetuation_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o fit_a resemblance_n whereof_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o a_o artificial_a clock_n mill_n or_o such_o like_a great_a engine_n wherein_o every_o part_n due_o perform_v its_o own_o office_n there_o will_v arise_v and_o result_v a_o natural_a harmony_n which_o not_o unapt_o may_v be_v term_v the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n why_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o a_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n sundry_a reason_n have_v be_v allege_v by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n first_o because_o nature_n never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a or_o without_o a_o determinate_a end_n but_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o special_a body_n say_v these_o philosopher_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unity_n and_o conformation_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o to_o grant_v a_o universal_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o multiply_v cause_n without_o any_o necessity_n &_o make_v nature_n the_o mother_n of_o superfluity_n which_o to_o all_o philosopher_n seem_v most_o absurd_a second_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v as_o one_o continuate_a body_n who_o part_n shall_v as_o it_o be_v suffer_v a_o fellow-feeling_n one_o of_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v to_o what_o kind_n such_o a_o form_n may_v be_v reduce_v whether_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a if_o inanimate_a whether_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o compound_v if_o animate_v whether_o vegetative_a sensitive_a or_o rational_a under_o the_o which_o be_v couch_v many_o great_a difficulty_n as_o yet_o undisclose_v whether_o these_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n to_o overthrow_v the_o adverse_a opinion_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n intend_v here_o a_o geographical_a not_o a_o physical_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o in_o the_o former_a we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n aswell_o in_o matter_n as_o form_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o affection_n and_o propriety_n as_o necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o such_o a_o constitution_n 2._o those_o affection_n or_o propriety_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n real_a or_o imaginary_a real_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o nature_n imaginary_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n 3_o again_o the_o affection_n real_o or_o natural_o agree_v to_o the_o terrene_a sphere_n be_v assign_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o these_o affection_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o which_o may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v without_o any_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o the_o celestial_a body_n 5_o these_o again_o be_v twofold_a either_o elementary_a or_o magnetical_a elementary_a i_o term_v such_o as_o have_v common_o be_v know_v or_o observe_v by_o ordinary_a philosopher_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n in_o the_o make_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o concinnity_n and_o apt_a conspiration_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v this_o conformity_n be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n conform_v themselves_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conformity_n we_o shall_v particular_o and_o distinct_o treat_v of_o so_o far_o as_o appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o tax_v some_o defect_n in_o most_o of_o our_o common_a cosmographer_n who_o take_v the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o grant_v supposition_n be_v nothing_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o the_o first_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o rotundity_n whereby_o it_o first_o become_v a_o globous_a body_n and_o afterward_o retain_v in_o itself_o a_o natural_a vigour_n or_o power_n if_o any_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a right_n and_o perfection_n all_o which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a &_o profitable_a to_o give_v a_o industrious_a learner_n some_o satisfaction_n to_o explain_v this_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v lay_v this_o ground_n and_o theorem_a 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o aswell_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n albeit_o as_o we_o have_v show_v it_o be_v external_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n yet_o may_v
magnitude_n for_o as_o the_o philosopher_n have_v teach_v we_o continuate_a and_o divisible_a thing_n can_v be_v make_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o discontinuate_a and_o indivisible_a but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o beginning_n of_o termination_n and_o figuration_n this_o point_n although_o it_o have_v everywhere_a a_o use_n in_o geometry_n yet_o nowhere_o more_o remarkable_a than_o when_o it_o become_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o centre_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o imagine_v a_o mere_a geometrical_a conceit_n but_o such_o as_o find_v ground_n in_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n for_o see_v all_o terrene_a body_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n as_o by_o a_o radius_fw-la to_o one_o point_n from_o every_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o centre_n as_o it_o be_v design_v and_o point_v out_o by_o nature_n itself_o in_o the_o globe_n some_o have_v here_o 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or_o stone_n such_o a_o point_n ought_v we_o to_o imagine_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v not_o participate_v of_o any_o latitude_n or_o magnitude_n albeit_o existent_n in_o some_o magnitude_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o writer_n have_v take_v a_o physical_a point_n for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v call_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n but_o this_o sense_n be_v very_o improper_a and_o beside_o in_o this_o example_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v a_o point_n opticall_a as_o such_o as_o carry_v no_o sensible_a or_o proportionable_a quantity_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sight_n take_v then_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o point_n fix_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v we_o will_v further_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o in_o two_o theorem_n 1_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n a_o attractive_a point_n i_o term_v that_o which_o have_v in_o it_o a_o virtue_n or_o power_n to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n or_o body_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o loadstone_n have_v a_o power_n to_o draw_v iron_n or_o steel_n but_o a_o respective_a point_n be_v that_o which_o the_o body_n in_o their_o motion_n do_v respect_n and_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o as_o the_o bound_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o their_o course_n be_v direct_v which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o directive_a operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o handle_v by_o which_o the_o magnetical_a indix_n or_o needle_n point_v direct_o northward_o not_o that_o in_o the_o north_n be_v fix_v any_o attractive_a virtue_n or_o operation_n whicâ—_n may_v cause_v that_o effect_n but_o because_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n be_v direct_v towards_o such_o a_o point_n or_o centre_n that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o attractive_a force_n may_v be_v prove_v 1_o because_o it_o can_v in_o any_o probability_n be_v think_v that_o a_o imaginary_a point_n have_v only_o a_o privative_a be_v and_o subsistence_n shall_v challenge_v to_o itself_o any_o such_o operation_n for_o all_o positive_a effect_n proceed_v out_o of_o positive_a cause_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o this_o attraction_n shall_v grow_v out_o of_o a_o mere_a privation_n second_o shall_v this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o earthly_a part_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o the_o centre_n it_o will_v follow_v necessary_o that_o this_o motion_n shall_v not_o be_v natural_a but_o violent_a as_o proceed_v from_o a_o external_a cause_n which_o all_o ancient_a and_o modern_a philosopher_n deny_v 2_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n that_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o terrene_a globe_n shall_v make_v the_o centre_n both_o of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n may_v seem_v very_o plain_a 1_o because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o multiply_v thing_n and_o entity_n in_o our_o conceit_n without_o any_o necessary_a consequence_n draw_v from_o nature_n or_o reason_n enforce_v we_o thereunto_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v ever_o persuade_v any_o man_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v two_o centre_n the_o one_o of_o weight_n the_o other_o of_o magnitude_n but_o only_o a_o bare_a imagination_n without_o proof_n or_o demonstration_n second_o if_o this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n be_v remove_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o other_o then_o consequent_o will_v one_o part_v of_o the_o earth_n overpoize_a the_o other_o in_o ponderosity_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a sphere_n will_v either_o be_v shake_v out_o of_o its_o place_n or_o dissolve_v itself_o into_o its_o first_o principle_n both_o of_o which_o be_v by_o experience_n contradict_v our_o assertion_n will_v stand_v sure_a and_o undoubted_a in_o the_o mean_a space_n we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o little_a difference_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o small_a and_o insensible_a as_o can_v be_v cacullate_v or_o cause_v any_o alteration_n 8_o the_o terrene_a part_n conform_v themselves_o to_o this_o centre_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o comparative_o absolute_o as_o every_o part_n be_v consider_v in_o itself_o 9_o a_o terrestrial_a part_n consider_v in_o itself_o undergo_v the_o respect_n either_o of_o a_o point_n of_o magnitude_n as_o a_o point_n when_o any_o sign_n or_o point_n in_o itself_o be_v consider_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o point_n albeit_o exist_v still_o in_o some_o magnitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v may_v notwithstanding_o be_v abstract_v from_o this_o or_o that_o body_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o centre_n of_o any_o body_n who_o natural_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o universal_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v in_o the_o first_o place_n handle_v as_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o motion_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o whole_a magnitude_n ought_v to_o be_v square_v 1_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o a_o right_a line_n a_o right_a line_n be_v the_o measure_n and_o rule_v almost_o of_o all_o natural_a action_n which_o albeit_o it_o be_v familiar_a in_o almost_o every_o operation_n yet_o most_o of_o all_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earthly_a body_n tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n why_o nature_n in_o this_o kind_n shall_v chief_o affect_v a_o right_a line_n sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v 1_o from_o the_o end_n which_o nature_n do_v propose_v itself_o which_o be_v to_o produce_v the_o work_n which_o she_o intend_v the_o ready_a and_o short_a way_n as_o aristotle_n testify_v of_o she_o in_o the_o 5_o of_o his_o metaphysic_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o right_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v always_o short_a as_o euclid_n show_v in_o his_o element_n where_o he_o demonstrate_v that_o two_o side_n of_o any_o triangle_n be_v count_v together_o be_v long_o than_o the_o three_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a part_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o double_a scope_n or_o end_n first_o that_o the_o say_a part_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a body_n shall_v be_v move_v or_o separate_v from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v by_o violence_n transpose_v second_o that_o this_o body_n shall_v be_v restore_v home_o and_o unite_v to_o the_o spherical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o it_o must_v chief_o seek_v its_o preservation_n that_o these_o two_o end_n be_v best_a and_o soon_o compass_v by_o a_o right_a line_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o
on_o the_o land_n in_o their_o perfect_a figure_n and_o greatness_n sail_v far_a off_o they_o will_v observe_v they_o on_o the_o low_a part_n little_a &_o little_o diminish_v until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o top_n only_o of_o the_o house_n and_o tree_n will_v be_v visible_a in_o like_a sort_n they_o which_o tarry_v on_o the_o land_n will_v first_o espy_v the_o top_n and_o masâ—_n of_o a_o ship_n approach_v which_o sight_n will_v be_v perfect_v more_o and_o more_o as_o the_o ship_n draw_v towards_o the_o land_n and_o at_o last_o all_o part_n of_o it_o will_v show_v themselves_o which_o accident_n can_v be_v cast_v upon_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n and_o swell_v of_o the_o water_n which_o if_o the_o distance_n be_v great_a interpose_v itself_o between_o the_o station_n on_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ship_n wherein_o passenger_n be_v convey_v which_o experiment_n be_v express_v in_o this_o diagramme_n here_o annex_v certain_a platonic_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v patricius_n a_o late_a writer_n will_v ascribe_v this_o experiment_n to_o the_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n cause_v partly_o by_o the_o distance_n which_o can_v perfect_o represent_v the_o object_n partly_o by_o the_o interpose_a vapour_n arise_v in_o the_o sea_n partly_o by_o the_o quiver_a light_n which_o be_v spread_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o these_o cause_n may_v somewhat_o hinder_v and_o cause_n that_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a species_n of_o a_o body_n can_v always_o visit_v the_o sight_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o be_v not_o all_o but_o that_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o water_n will_v prove_v a_o great_a impediment_n where_o the_o distance_n be_v any_o thing_n great_a but_o for_o one_o of_o patricius_n his_o shift_n concern_v vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o clavius_n seem_v also_o to_o consent_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n it_o make_v more_o for_o our_o assertion_n than_o he_o for_o that_o which_o be_v see_v in_o a_o thick_a medium_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o optic_n seem_v great_a in_o quantity_n and_o by_o consequence_n near_o and_o so_o high_o than_o will_v otherwise_o appear_v as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o sun_n sometime_o be_v see_v of_o we_o before_o it_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n because_o of_o a_o refraction_n of_o its_o beam_n in_o a_o thick_a matter_n wherefore_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o a_o tower_n see_v at_o sea_n or_o a_o ship_n from_o the_o land_n through_o these_o thick_a and_o gross_a vapour_n shall_v appear_v high_o and_o seem_v near_o then_o if_o it_o meet_v not_o with_o such_o vapour_n second_o what_o be_v urge_v concern_v the_o tremble_a light_n cause_v by_o a_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o although_o such_o a_o light_n may_v cause_v a_o impediment_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sight_n yet_o will_v not_o this_o decrement_n or_o hindrance_n be_v by_o degree_n and_o in_o such_o proportion_n as_o we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o wit_n to_o the_o distance_n interpose_v and_o much_o wonder_v it_o be_v that_o patricius_n as_o my_o learned_a friend_n mr_n r._n hues_n observe_v be_v as_o it_o seem_v very_o well_o read_v in_o the_o story_n of_o spanish_a navigation_n shall_v not_o be_v convince_v out_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o magellane_n who_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o the_o south-west_n part_n pass_v by_o the_o magellane_n straits_n now_o call_v by_o his_o name_n and_o so_o return_v by_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n into_o spain_n to_o which_o we_o way_n add_v the_o voyage_n of_o drake_n candish_n and_o many_o other_o the_o second_o reason_n be_v urge_v by_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la and_o have_v its_o ground_n in_o archimedes_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr aqua-vectis_a which_o be_v form_v in_o this_o sort_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o affect_v and_o flow_v to_o the_o low_a place_n whence_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v infer_v that_o it_o must_v be_v round_o for_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v not_o always_o obtain_v the_o low_a place_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o this_o figure_n for_o if_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o water_n a_o plain_a superficies_n let_v it_o for_o example_n be_v adb_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n c_o let_v there_o be_v describe_v a_o circle_n to_o wit_n egf_n then_o let_v there_o be_v draw_v cd_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o ab_fw-la and_o let_v ac_fw-la and_o bc_n be_v join_v together_o now_o because_o the_o right_a line_n cd_o be_v less_o then_o ca_n or_o cb_n as_o will_v appear_v evident_o by_o sense_n it_o will_v be_v plain_a that_o the_o point_n d_o will_v be_v in_o a_o low_a place_n than_o the_o point_n a_o or_o b_o because_o d_o be_v near_o to_o the_o centre_n for_o as_o much_o as_o dc_o be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o a_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n whereas_o ac_fw-la and_o cb_n evident_o exceed_v that_o quantity_n or_o proportion_n another_o reason_n there_o be_v common_o draw_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o drop_n cast_v on_o the_o sand_n as_o also_o from_o water_n in_o pot_n who_o superficies_n seem_v to_o swell_v above_o the_o brim_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o place_n convenient_a be_v rather_o against_o this_o assertion_n then_o for_o it_o because_o indeed_o we_o affirm_v the_o water_n to_o be_v round_o but_o so_o as_o it_o claim_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v sensible_a in_o so_o little_a a_o portion_n as_o a_o drop_n or_o pot_n of_o water_n this_o proposition_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o these_o two_o reason_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o answer_v certain_a objection_n cast_v in_o by_o the_o say_v patricius_n against_o our_o assertion_n every_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n quoth_v patricius_n be_v either_o only_a plain_a or_o only_o round_a or_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o or_o neither_o plain_a nor_o round_a first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o seem_v very_o evident_a for_o so_o it_o shall_v admit_v of_o contrariety_n neither_o can_v one_o part_n be_v plain_a and_o another_o round_o because_o the_o water_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o homogeneal_a body_n not_o consist_v of_o such_o unequal_a part_n that_o it_o shall_v neither_o be_v plain_a nor_o round_o seem_v more_o impossible_a because_o fâ—w_v or_o none_o have_v dream_v of_o any_o other_o figure_n last_o that_o it_o be_v not_o round_o only_a he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a reason_n and_o experiment_n first_o he_o testify_v of_o himself_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o plain_o â—aw_v in_o the_o morning_n before_o sunrising_n the_o mountain_n of_o corsica_n which_o afterward_o assoon_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v vanish_v out_o of_o his_o sight_n whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o some_o other_o cause_n but_o this_o argument_n to_o judicious_a man_n will_v seem_v very_o weak_a 1_o because_o it_o depend_v altogether_o on_o the_o authority_n and_o credit_n of_o patricius_n who_o assertion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o another_o man_n denial_n 2_o be_v this_o argument_n every_o where_o sound_a yet_o will_v it_o prove_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o that_o this_o effect_n be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o can_v be_v draw_v any_o general_a conclusion_n that_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a we_o deny_v not_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o other_o cause_n sometime_o concur_v which_o may_v hinder_v or_o take_v away_o the_o sight_n of_o object_n from_o those_o who_o sail_n on_o the_o sea_n the_o second_o experiment_n patricius_n describe_v in_o this_o manner_n at_o a_o certain_a town_n call_v comaâ—lum_n say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a pool_n through_o which_o pool_n or_o lake_n some_o 3_o year_n ago_o it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o boat_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o way_n in_o all_o the_o journey_n appear_v to_o be_v less_o than_o 2_o foot_n in_o depth_n from_o the_o top_n the_o way_n increase_v at_o first_o the_o low_a part_n and_o foundation_n of_o house_n than_o the_o top_n and_o princely_a pinnacle_n begin_v to_o vanish_v from_o our_o sight_n at_o last_o have_v scarce_o pass_v 6000_o pace_n a_o tower_n 72_o foot_n high_a begin_v to_o appear_v as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o middle_n and_o from_o the_o middle_a part_n upward_o appear_v visible_a
the_o motive_n be_v that_o by_o which_o all_o magnetical_a body_n be_v incline_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n of_o a_o man_n we_o have_v two_o faculty_n which_o show_v themselves_o a_o motive_n and_o a_o directive_a or_o disponent_fw-la power_n whereof_o the_o one_o stir_n up_o the_o motion_n the_o other_o regulate_v conform_v and_o direct_v it_o the_o former_a be_v the_o will_n the_o late_a the_o discourse_n and_o judgement_n this_o distinction_n of_o faculty_n howsoever_o more_o evident_a in_o the_o soul_n find_v place_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o which_o a_o philosopher_n ought_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o that_o which_o give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o move_v and_o that_o which_o limit_n determine_v and_o as_o the_o schoolman_n be_v wont_a to_o speak_v modificate_v the_o action_n among_o other_o the_o magnet-stone_n seem_v most_o to_o partake_v of_o these_o two_o power_n as_o that_o which_o among_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o 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be_v a_o square_a or_o any_o other_o figure_n not_o spherical_a it_o imitate_v a_o sphere_n as_o near_o as_o the_o body_n will_v suffer_v in_o that_o it_o spread_v itself_o everywhere_a from_o the_o centre_n by_o right_a line_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v confine_v in_o a_o square_a figure_n correspondent_a to_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v as_o we_o see_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o square_a magnet_n a_o to_o cast_v his_o beam_n into_o the_o square_a figure_n ld_n 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n by_o so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o these_o part_n be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n we_o suppose_v out_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n that_o a_o magnet_n have_v two_o pole_n who_o use_n we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o these_o pole_n be_v find_v by_o experiment_n to_o have_v more_o force_n and_o vigour_n in_o they_o then_o other_o part_n and_o all_o other_o part_n to_o enjoy_v more_o or_o less_o force_n by_o how_o much_o near_o or_o far_o off_o they_o be_v situate_v to_o their_o pole_n the_o reason_n be_v ascribe_v by_o these_o writer_n to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o magnetical_a vigour_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o this_o figure_n follow_v in_o gilbert_n express_v the_o great_a magnetical_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v the_o spherical_a superficies_n of_o it_o be_v hqe_a the_o pole_n e_o the_o centre_n m_o hq_n the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o every_o point_n of_o this_o equinoctial_a plain_n the_o vigour_n magnetical_a be_v convey_v and_o extend_v to_o cfne_v and_o to_o every_o point_n from_o c_o to_o e_z the_o pole_n but_o not_o towards_o the_o point_n b_o so_o neither_o from_o g_z towards_z c._n the_o vigour_n be_v not_o strengthen_v in_o the_o part_n fhg_v from_o that_o which_o be_v gmfe_n but_o fgh_n do_v increase_v the_o virtue_n in_o h_n so_o that_o there_o can_v arise_v 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be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n yet_o say_v he_o if_o trial_n be_v make_v what_o the_o pole_n will_v take_v perpendicular_o and_o also_o what_o the_o part_n above_o 34_o degree_n will_v lift_v up_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v half_a asmuch_o perpendicular_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n do_v not_o take_v up_o as_o much_o as_o this_o and_o the_o other_o part_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o the_o decision_n of_o these_o difference_n i_o leave_v to_o such_o as_o be_v more_o experimental_a than_o myself_o be_v destitute_a of_o those_o help_n and_o instrument_n which_o they_o enjoy_v 4_o it_o behoove_v we_o in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o disponent_fw-la vigour_n of_o magnetical_a body_n the_o disponent_fw-la force_n we_o call_v that_o faculty_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v dispose_v or_o direct_v to_o a_o certain_a site_n or_o position_n 1_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n this_o proposition_n be_v confirm_v by_o manifold_a experiment_n for_o magnetical_a body_n be_v never_o find_v to_o move_v uncertain_o and_o at_o all_o adventure_n but_o conform_v themselves_o to_o certain_a pole_n and_o make_v certain_a angle_n proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o in_o particular_a the_o reason_n of_o which_o experiment_n we_o can_v draw_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n which_o we_o will_v have_v direct_v to_o certain_a end_n that_o nothing_o in_o her_o commonwealth_n may_v seem_v idle_a or_o unnecessary_a wherefore_o she_o give_v all_o agent_n not_o only_o a_o power_n to_o work_v their_o end_n but_o also_o show_v they_o the_o way_n square_n and_o regulate_v the_o mean_n which_o direct_v unto_o the_o end_n nowhere_a be_v this_o
southpart_n be_v diminish_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o magnet_n have_v eminent_o in_o it_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v or_o divide_v by_o a_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la from_o which_o middle_a space_n the_o virtue_n be_v convey_v towards_o either_o pole_n as_o we_o have_v before_o show_v now_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o north_n or_o south_n part_n this_o aequator_fw-la or_o middle_a line_n be_v remove_v from_o his_o former_a place_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o portion_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o so_o consequent_o both_o part_n be_v less_o than_o before_o for_o although_o these_o two_o end_n seem_v opposite_a yet_o be_v one_o comfort_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o other_o 9_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o coition_n and_o direction_n we_o have_v handle_v it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o second_o order_n to_o wit_n variation_n and_o declination_n 10_o variation_n be_v the_o deviation_n or_o turn_v aside_o of_o the_o directory_n magnetical_a needle_n from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o north_n or_o the_o true_a meridian_n towards_o east_n or_o west_n in_o the_o discourse_n immediate_o go_v before_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n we_o have_v imagine_v it_o to_o be_v true_a and_o point_v out_o the_o true_a north_n and_o south_n point_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o certain_o will_v be_v so_o if_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n be_v in_o all_o part_n and_o place_n alike_o equal_o partake_v the_o magnetical_a virtue_n as_o some_o round_a loadstone_n neither_o shall_v we_o find_v any_o variation_n or_o deviation_n at_o all_o from_o the_o true_a meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v find_v by_o navigatour_n to_o be_v unequal_o mix_v with_o many_o material_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o magnetical_a substance_n as_o furnish_v with_o rocky_a hill_n or_o large_a valley_n continent_n &_o land_n some_o place_n adorn_v with_o store_n of_o iron_n mimes_n rock_n of_o loadstone_n some_o altogether_o naked_a and_o destitute_a of_o these_o implement_n it_o must_v needs_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n and_o compass_n direct_v and_o conform_v by_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v always_o set_v themselves_o upon_o the_o true_a meridian_n that_o pass_v right_o along_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n but_o be_v force_v and_o divert_v towards_o some_o eminent_a and_o vigorous_a magnetical_a part_n whereby_o the_o meridian_n point_v out_o by_o the_o magnet_n must_v needs_o vary_v and_o decline_v from_o the_o true_a meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n certain_a part_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n which_o diversion_n we_o call_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n so_o thaâ—_n variation_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o compass_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o horizon_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o common_a intersection_n with_o the_o true_a meridian_n and_o his_o deviation_n this_o effect_n proceed_v from_o the_o inequality_n of_o magnetical_a virtue_n scatter_v in_o the_o earth_n some_o have_v ascribe_v to_o certain_a rock_n or_o mountain_n of_o loadstone_n distant_a some_o degree_n from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o rock_n they_o have_v term_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n as_o that_o whereunto_o the_o magnet_n shall_v dispose_v and_o conform_v itself_o which_o conceit_n long_o ago_o invent_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v and_o trim_v over_o by_o fracastorius_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n without_o ground_n for_o what_o navigatour_n can_v he_o ever_o produce_v that_o be_v eye-witness_n of_o this_o mystery_n or_o how_o can_v he_o induce_v any_o judicious_a man_n to_o believe_v that_o which_o himself_o nor_o any_o to_o his_o knowledge_n ever_o see_v the_o relation_n that_o the_o friar_n of_o noruegia_n make_v of_o the_o friar_n of_o oxford_n discovery_n record_v by_o james_n cnoien_n in_o the_o book_n of_o his_o travel_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o these_o matter_n be_v common_o reject_v as_o fabulous_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o have_v there_o be_v any_o such_o matter_n it_o be_v likely_a he_o will_v have_v leave_v some_o monument_n of_o it_o in_o the_o record_n of_o his_o own_o university_n rather_o than_o to_o have_v communicate_v it_o to_o a_o friend_n as_o far_o off_o as_o noruegia_n moreover_o the_o disproportion_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o variation_n in_o place_n of_o equal_a distance_n will_v easy_o correct_v this_o error_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n more_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a be_v all_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o concern_v this_o magnetical_a variation_n as_o that_o of_o cortesius_n of_o a_o certain_a motive_n virtue_n or_o power_n without_o the_o heaven_n that_o of_o marsilius_n ficiâ—us_n of_o a_o star_n in_o the_o bear_n that_o of_o petrus_n peregrinus_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n that_o of_o cardan_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bear_n that_o of_o bestardus_fw-la gallus_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n that_o of_o livius_n sanutus_n of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a meridian_n of_o francis_n maurolycus_n of_o a_o magnetical_a island_n of_o scaliger_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o mountain_n of_o robert_n norman_n of_o a_o respective_a point_n or_o place_n all_o which_o writer_n seek_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n have_v find_v it_o no_o further_o off_o then_o their_o own_o fancy_n more_o probable_a by_o far_o and_o consonant_a to_o experience_n shall_v we_o find_v their_o opinion_n which_o will_v have_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n be_v in_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a eminency_n scatter_v in_o the_o earth_n this_o inequality_n may_v be_v perceive_v to_o be_v twofold_a 1_o in_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v the_o magnetical_a mineral_n more_o than_o other_o part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o some_o part_n be_v solid_a earth_n as_o in_o great_a continent_n 2_o because_o although_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v magnetical_a especial_o in_o the_o internal_a and_o profound_a part_n yet_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n belong_v to_o those_o part_n be_v not_o always_o so_o vigorous_a and_o eminent_a as_o in_o some_o other_o part_n as_o we_o see_v one_o loadstone_n to_o be_v strong_a or_o weak_a than_o another_o in_o virtue_n and_o power_n but_o of_o those_o two_o the_o former_a be_v more_o remarkable_a which_o may_v be_v show_v by_o experience_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sail_v along_o many_o seacoa-stes_a for_o if_o a_o sea-iourney_n be_v make_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o guinea_n by_o cape_n verde_n by_o the_o canary_n land_n the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n from_o thence_o by_o the_o confine_n of_o spain_n france_n england_n belgia_n germany_n denmark_n noruegia_n we_o shall_v find_v towards_o the_o east_n great_a and_o ample_a continent_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o the_o west_n a_o huge_a &_o vast_a ocean_n which_o be_v a_o reason_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n will_v vary_v from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o the_o north_n and_o incline_v rather_o to_o the_o east_n because_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o these_o continent_n and_o land_n shall_v partake_v more_o of_o this_o magnetical_a mineral_n than_o the_o part_n cover_v with_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o these_o magnetical_a body_n may_v be_v scarce_a or_o at_o the_o least_o deep_a bury_v and_o not_o so_o forceable_a on_o the_o contrary_a part_n if_o we_o sail_v by_o the_o american_n coast_n we_o shall_v rather_o find_v the_o variation_n to_o be_v westward_o as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o voyage_n be_v make_v from_o the_o confine_n of_o terra_n florida_n by_o virginia_n norumbega_n and_o so_o northward_o because_o the_o land_n but_v on_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a 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understand_v we_o be_v first_o to_o set_v down_o in_o a_o scheme_n or_o diagram_n both_o the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o all_o the_o heavenly_a orb_n conceive_v according_a to_o our_o ground_n second_o we_o must_v show_v in_o particular_a how_o this_o range_a of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o all_o the_o motion_n and_o apt_a to_o satisfy_v the_o apparence_n in_o which_o part_n i_o will_v not_o too_o nice_o descend_v to_o astronomical_a curiosity_n be_v too_o many_o and_o subtle_a for_o a_o geographer_n to_o discuss_v only_o i_o will_v give_v a_o taste_n to_o satisfy_v such_o as_o suppose_v no_o middle_a way_n can_v be_v tread_v out_o betwixt_o ptolemy_n stability_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o copernicus_n his_o three_o motion_n i_o may_v seem_v perhaps_o presumptuous_a beyond_o my_o knowledge_n to_o reject_v and_o pass_v by_o the_o draught_n and_o delineation_n of_o ptolemy_n alphonsus_n and_o their_o follower_n which_o be_v common_o defend_v and_o in_o use_n or_o that_o 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in_o hipparchus_n time_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 12_o degree_n be_v now_o observe_v to_o approach_v almost_o three_o degree_n these_o two_o motion_n shall_v they_o be_v esteem_v in_o the_o account_n of_o astronomer_n may_v seem_v deficient_a notwithstanding_o we_o may_v probable_o conjecture_v this_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o motion_n upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v from_o west_n to_o east_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n incline_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o may_v again_o return_v for_o this_o motion_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n be_v of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o
sphere_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n shall_v conform_v itself_o in_o a_o parallell-wise_a to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o that_o place_n pass_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n as_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n we_o be_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o directory_n needle_n so_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o equatour_n and_o parallel_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v most_o necessary_a because_o the_o former_a respect_n the_o magnetical_a motion_n of_o direction_n the_o latter_a of_o declination_n now_o wheresoever_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o needle_n to_o conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o such_o a_o place_n be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v give_v in_o our_o 3_o chapter_n out_o of_o the_o convertible_a nature_n of_o the_o magnet_n and_o here_o need_v no_o repetition_n only_o we_o 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hyparchus_n who_o afterward_o by_o his_o authority_n deceive_v ptolemy_n and_o he_o posterity_n the_o reason_n he_o allege_v be_v 1_o because_o eudoxus_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o hyparchus_n observe_v the_o same_o star_n to_o be_v in_o no_o other_o place_n then_o where_o now_o it_o be_v 2_o because_o that_o great_a light_n of_o astronomy_n copernicus_n perceive_v the_o equinox_n and_o solstitial_a point_n to_o be_v move_v be_v enforce_v to_o invent_v other_o ground_n but_o because_o his_o demonstration_n depend_v only_o on_o the_o apparence_n he_o seek_v out_o this_o effect_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v manner_n to_o oppose_v so_o great_a a_o scholar_n as_o joseph_n scaliger_n i_o will_v ask_v a_o few_o question_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o credit_n the_o observation_n of_o hyparchus_n ptolemy_n and_o all_o posterity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o eudoxus_n since_o antiquity_n without_o consent_n &_o approbation_n be_v no_o great_a argument_n of_o truth_n 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that_o it_o incline_v no_o more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o but_o lie_v even_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o rest_v quiet_a without_o motion_n for_o howsoever_o the_o water_n so_o rest_v as_o we_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v be_v always_o spherical_a yet_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n in_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n it_o may_v to_o sense_n be_v represent_v by_o a_o plain_a 25_o so_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v into_o three_o sort_n for_o either_o it_o be_v a_o right_a horizon_n or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_v 26_o a_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n this_o distinction_n grow_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o equatour_n for_o since_o the_o equatour_n be_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o immovable_a circle_n and_o the_o horizon_n be_v mutable_a and_o change_v according_a to_o his_o 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the_o horizon_n must_v the_o other_o be_v couch_v under_o it_o for_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v see_v more_o or_o less_o than_o a_o precise_a moiety_n or_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n since_o the_o pole_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o half_a of_o the_o whole_a heaven_n to_o wit_n by_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n 27_o a_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v oblique_a angle_n those_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o oblique_a horizon_n who_o site_n and_o position_n decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o equator_fw-la either_o to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n towards_o either_o pole_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v so_o high_a as_o 90_o degree_n for_o than_o it_o become_v a_o parallel_n horizon_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o next_o the_o representation_n of_o such_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o diagram_n wherein_o the_o horizon_n cut_v the_o equatour_n at_o oblique_a angle_n whence_o 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and_o propriety_n we_o shall_v more_o full_o treat_v hereafter_o in_o the_o dictinction_n of_o the_o part_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n because_o such_o propriety_n can_v so_o well_o be_v teach_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n who_o nature_n and_o fabric_n we_o shall_v labour_v god_n will_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n to_o unfold_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o real_a we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v a_o expression_n or_o imitation_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o the_o artificial_a imitation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a the_o common_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o in_o the_o geographical_a map_n or_o table_n 3_o the_o geographical_a 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it_o great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n the_o reflection_n be_v great_a approach_a near_o to_o right_v angle_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o earth_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o why_o the_o heat_n shall_v be_v more_o predominant_a at_o this_o time_n then_o another_o then_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n ascribe_v it_o to_o a_o special_a influence_n of_o the_o dogstar_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n many_o other_o instance_n may_v be_v here_o produce_v but_o i_o hold_v it_o needless_a be_v a_o matter_n consent_v to_o among_o most_o philosopher_n the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o extent_n and_o limitation_n of_o this_o operation_n in_o inferior_a body_n for_o unfold_n of_o which_o point_n we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o operation_n may_v have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o aire_n or_o else_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n reside_v on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o elementary_a 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of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a line_n wherein_o he_o come_v sometime_o near_o unto_o we_o sometime_o go_v fâ—rther_o from_o our_o vertical_a point_n the_o inuariable_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o same_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n put_v aside_o other_o cause_n and_o circumstance_n for_o how_o soever_o every_o region_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o four_o change_n to_o wit_n summer_n winter_n spring_n and_o autumn_n yet_o may_v the_o same_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n one_o year_n as_o it_o do_v another_o without_o any_o great_a alteration_n and_o this_o depend_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o any_o place_n near_o or_o far_o of_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o extraordinary_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n depend_v from_o some_o extraordinary_a combination_n or_o concourse_n 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the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o
itself_o the_o contrary_a quality_n of_o cold_a a_o argument_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o alvarez_n who_o affirm_v the_o water_n there_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n to_o be_v freeze_v over_o with_o ice_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v the_o second_o cause_n be_v by_o judicious_a writer_n ascribe_v to_o the_o subtlety_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n which_o can_v receive_v into_o itself_o so_o many_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o the_o thick_a and_o gross_a air_n of_o diverse_a place_n distant_a for_o the_o north_n region_n wherein_o europe_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n be_v place_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o water_n which_o burst_v out_o of_o secret_a and_o unknown_a concavity_n do_v produce_v infinite_a fen_n gogs_o lake_n and_o marsh_n which_o in_o the_o summer_n season_n cause_n infinite_a vapour_n to_o abound_v which_o be_v intermix_v with_o heat_n scorch_v and_o heat_n more_o fervent_o than_o the_o pure_a air_n of_o africa_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n free_a from_o the_o mixture_n and_o concourse_n of_o such_o slimy_a vapour_n that_o the_o air_n be_v thicken_v shall_v yield_v a_o great_a fervour_n every_o man_n out_o of_o ordinary_a experience_n can_v frame_v to_o himself_o a_o argument_n for_o we_o see_v fire_n and_o heat_v be_v incorporate_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o steel_n or_o iron_n to_o burn_v and_o heat_n more_o than_o in_o air_n or_o wood._n the_o like_a reason_n some_o will_v draw_v from_o the_o keeper_n of_o stoâ—es_n or_o hot_a house_n which_o do_v besprinkle_v the_o ground_n with_o water_n that_o the_o vapour_n be_v contract_v and_o the_o air_n thicken_v they_o may_v the_o long_o and_o better_o maintain_v heat_n and_o spare_a fuel_n another_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o set_a and_o anniverwinde_n which_o blow_v most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n one_o way_n josephus_n acosta_n observe_v that_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n the_o wind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n easterly_n beyond_o westerly_a and_o a_o dutch-discoverer_n have_v relate_v that_o in_o guinea_n they_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n which_o come_v from_o the_o land_n till_o noon_n and_o then_o very_a violent_a from_o the_o sea_n in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v wont_a to_o traffic_v in_o the_o morning_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a we_o can_v imagine_v this_o region_n to_o be_v so_o hot_a as_o man_n suppose_v for_o here_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o night_n be_v assuage_v by_o the_o absence_n or_o remoteness_n of_o the_o sun_n likewise_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n incident_a to_o noonetide_v be_v much_o qualify_v or_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o this_o relation_n altogether_o vanquish_v by_o the_o cold_a wind_n derive_v from_o the_o sea_n another_o reason_n no_o less_o probable_a may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o excessive_a height_n of_o the_o land_n and_o great_a mountain_n observe_v to_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n who_o top_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o snow_n which_o give_v a_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o cold_a for_o instance_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n andâ—_n in_o america_n where_o they_o observe_v the_o air_n to_o be_v so_o chin_n and_o cold_a that_o it_o inforce_v they_o to_o scour_v and_o vomit_v which_o come_v near_o it_o the_o like_a whereof_o be_v relate_v of_o another_o call_v punas_n where_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a cut_v off_o their_o hand_n from_o which_o experience_n we_o may_v find_v some_o place_n near_o the_o line_n to_o be_v more_o infest_a with_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d heat_n the_o laâ—t_n and_o great_a â—eason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o continual_a moisture_n wherewith_o the_o region_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n frequent_o abound_v this_o moisture_n be_v derive_v from_o two_o cause_n 1_o from_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o the_o sun_n which_o run_v from_o thence_o continual_o into_o the_o valley_n keep_v they_o almost_o always_o waterish_a especial_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_a 2_o from_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v very_o near_o and_o many_o time_n vertical_a raise_v up_o continual_o moist_a vapour_n in_o great_a quantity_n these_o vapourâ—_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n as_o 12_o hour_n be_v not_o consume_v but_o meeting_n with_o the_o cold_a from_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v therewith_o convert_v into_o drop_n which_o fall_v down_o again_o in_o great_a shower_n in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o traveller_n of_o good_a credit_n have_v tell_v i_o that_o all_o the_o while_o they_o sail_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n they_o seldom_o see_v the_o sun_n by_o reason_n of_o rain_n and_o cloudy_a vapour_n whence_o we_o note_v with_o josephus_n acosta_n by_o way_n of_o consectary_n that_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n produce_v moisture_n but_o contrariwise_o without_o the_o tropic_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o drought_n whence_o the_o inhabitant_n enjoy_v as_o it_o be_v a_o winter_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v to_o they_o vertical_a because_o of_o the_o distemperature_n by_o wind_n raines_n and_o storm_n and_o great_a inundation_n whereunto_o common_o all_o great_a river_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n be_v most_o subject_a also_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v a_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o or_o near_o the_o tropic_n because_o be_v somewhat_o remove_v he_o can_v be_v so_o powerful_a in_o draw_v such_o store_n of_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n which_o he_o can_v dispel_v and_o consume_v thus_o we_o see_v the_o moiety_n of_o this_o first_o section_n lie_v 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n how_o soever_o subject_a to_o a_o great_a reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n yet_o through_o the_o concurrence_n of_o other_o cause_n to_o be_v find_v indifferent_o temperate_a and_o the_o other_o 15_o degree_n about_o the_o tropic_n howsoever_o subject_a to_o a_o lesser_a reflection_n to_o be_v excessive_a hot_a which_o late_a cause_n beside_o all_o which_o have_v be_v say_v before_o shall_v be_v further_o confirm_v hereafter_o by_o the_o complexion_n of_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v choller-adust_a the_o true_a symptom_n of_o a_o external_a heat_n but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v answer_v that_o this_o accident_n be_v incident_a as_o well_o to_o the_o region_n situate_v under_o the_o equatour_n as_o to_o that_o under_o the_o tropic_n i_o will_v produce_v another_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o countenance_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n be_v not_o see_v so_o black_a and_o swarthy_a as_o elsewhere_o for_o towards_o the_o tropic_n be_v place_v the_o land_n of_o blackmore_n or_o nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la where_o the_o people_n be_v all_o coalblack_a which_o may_v perhaps_o happen_v also_o to_o those_o that_o dwell_v under_o the_o other_o tropic_n but_o that_o other_o cause_n interpose_v themselves_o which_o hinder_v the_o excess_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o blackness_n here_o some_o will_v oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o herodotus_n which_o refer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o blackness_n in_o the_o negro_n to_o the_o seed_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v black_a other_o will_v have_v this_o blackness_n as_o a_o curse_n inflict_v upon_o cham_n posterity_n but_o these_o opinion_n carry_v very_o little_a show_n of_o probability_n for_o first_o if_o this_o former_a opinion_n be_v admit_v it_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v say_v boden_n that_o ethiopian_n in_o scythia_n shall_v always_o be_v bear_v black_a and_o scythian_n in_o ethiopia_n shall_v be_v always_o white_a for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o nation_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v be_v confuse_v and_o mix_v by_o the_o distinction_n of_o colony_n but_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o man_n trasplant_v into_o another_o soil_n will_v in_o manner_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n by_o little_a and_o little_a degenerate_a and_o change_v their_o first_o disposition_n as_o if_o a_o blackmore_n marry_v and_o beget_v child_n here_o with_o we_o in_o england_n experience_n will_v plain_o declare_v the_o child_n to_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o whiteness_n then_o the_o father_n and_o the_o grand_a child_n more_o than_o they_o second_o if_o the_o second_o opinion_n of_o cham_n curse_n deserve_v any_o credit_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o all_o his_o posterity_n such_o as_o by_o most_o writer_n consent_v be_v general_o the_o people_n of_o africa_n shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o execration_n as_o well_o as_o one_o little_a parcel_n of_o it_o moreover_o it_o be_v report_v by_o pline_n and_o confirm_v by_o appian_n that_o in_o those_o place_n be_v many_o
the_o scripture_n especial_o in_o the_o 8_o of_o the_o proverb_n and_o the_o 103_o psalm_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v set_v a_o bind_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v not_o warrantable_a that_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n moreover_o all_o miracle_n be_v temporary_a and_o not_o perpetual_a for_o than_o be_v it_o ordinary_a and_o so_o scarce_o a_o miracle_n other_o upon_o less_o ground_n have_v imagine_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a northern_a star_n in_o vrsa_fw-la maior_fw-la and_o draco_n of_o so_o great_a virtue_n that_o they_o can_v draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o this_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o constrain_v the_o water_n that_o they_o can_v overwhelm_v the_o earth_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o deserve_v no_o solid_a refutation_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n without_o ground_n or_o probability_n other_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v dream_v that_o there_o be_v more_o water_n than_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o the_o water_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a mass_n occupy_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n turn_v the_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n make_v it_o to_o swim_v as_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v refute_v in_o our_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n all_o these_o author_n suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v uncover_v towards_o the_o north-pole_n but_o overflow_v with_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o the_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n at_o this_o day_n have_v sufficient_o disannul_v other_o again_o affirm_v out_o of_o a_o peripatetical_a dream_n that_o the_o water_n be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v like_o a_o sponge_n to_o drink_v up_o the_o water_n to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n they_o produce_v a_o experiment_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v any_o thing_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n there_o will_v appear_v water_n whence_o they_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o receive_v into_o it's_o concavity_n but_o howsoever_o we_o may_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v many_o and_o vast_a concavity_n in_o the_o earth_n capable_a of_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n as_o great_a as_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o this_o reason_n although_o all_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v water_n it_o can_v not_o be_v but_o that_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o water_n then_o that_o in_o the_o earth_n shall_v arise_v above_o the_o earth_n because_o according_a to_o their_o own_o supposition_n 9_o part_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v aristotle_n word_n be_v well_o wrest_v to_o this_o interpretation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o understand_v this_o tenfold_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o space_n which_o they_o replenish_v measure_v by_o their_o circle_n and_o diameter_n but_o of_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o their_o transmutation_n as_o that_o one_o measure_n of_o earth_n turn_v into_o water_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o as_o 10._o all_o these_o opinion_n seem_v so_o absurd_a it_o seem_v more_o probable_a to_o imagine_v that_o either_o the_o water_n be_v condensated_a and_o thicken_v which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n create_v thin_a whence_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o shall_v occupy_v a_o less_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n leave_v the_o dry-land_n in_o many_o place_n habitable_a or_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n make_v certain_a hollow_a concavity_n and_o channel_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o plain_a and_o uniform_a into_o which_o the_o water_n be_v receive_v and_o bound_v in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o can_v not_o flow_v abroad_o this_o 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of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n compare_v to_o the_o superficies_n the_o earth_n uncover_v which_o shall_v be_v high_o in_o place_n of_o which_o shall_v be_v this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a dispute_n among_o philosopher_n concern_v the_o position_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v high_a or_o low_o some_o have_v be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n be_v high_a which_o opinion_n be_v defend_v by_o tully_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la deorum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v place_v above_o the_o earth_n yet_o cover_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v congregat_v and_o collect_v neither_o redound_v nor_o flow_v abroad_o which_o afterward_o seem_v to_o be_v second_v by_o diverse_a learned_a divine_n who_o reduce_v most_o thing_n to_o the_o supernatural_a and_o first_o cause_n diverse_a time_n neglect_v and_o over-slipt_v the_o second_o hence_o saint_n basil_n in_o his_o 4_o homily_n on_o the_o hexameron_n lest_o the_o water_n say_v he_o shall_v overflow_v and_o sâ—red_v itself_o out_o of_o the_o place_n it_o have_v occupy_v it_o be_v command_v to_o gather_v itself_o together_o otherwise_o what_o shall_v hinder_v the_o red_a sea_n to_o overflow_v all_o egypt_n be_v low_a than_o it_o â—elfe_n unless_o it_o be_v manacle_v with_o the_o creators_n power_n as_o it_o be_v with_o setter_n to_o which_o also_o afterward_o seem_v to_o subscribe_v aquinâ—â—_n dionysius_n and_o catharinus_n with_o diverse_a other_o divine_n who_o hold_v that_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v make_v not_o by_o any_o mutation_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o a_o violent_a accumulation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v restrain_v and_o bridle_v supernatural_o that_o they_o can_v not_o transcend_v certain_a limit_n and_o bound_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n some_o reason_n be_v allege_v by_o modern_a philosopher_n first_o because_o it_o be_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o element_n among_o themselves_o that_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o heavy_a shall_v take_v the_o low_a place_n and_o the_o water_n shall_v ascend_v above_o second_o because_o mariner_n come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o the_o land_n seem_v to_o see_v the_o land_n far_o low_o than_o the_o water_n three_o they_o allege_v thaâ—_n place_n of_o ilb_n wheâ—e_v god_n himself_o profess_v that_o he_o have_v bound_v the_o waterâ—_n in_o these_o word_n hitherto_o shalâ—_n thou_o come_v and_o no_o far_o &_o here_o shall_v thy_o proud_a wave_n be_v stay_v but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n since_o wehee_v the_o creator_n in_o other_o maâ—ters_n to_o use_v nature_n as_o his_o ordinary_a servant_n and_o to_o administer_v the_o regiment_n of_o thing_n by_o â—econd_a cause_n neither_o be_v the_o authority_n of_o these_o divine_n so_o great_a in_o thâ—se_a cosmographical_a conceit_n to_o oversway_v these_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n who_o can_v more_o exact_o judge_v of_o these_o matter_n neither_o be_v these_o reason_n of_o so_o greaâ—_n validity_n as_o to_o enforce_v assent_n for_o first_o whereas_o st_n basill_n seem_v to_o wonder_v why_o the_o red_a sea_n shall_v not_o overâ—lowe_v all_o egypt_n if_o it_o be_v not_o supernatural_o bound_v he_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o be_v the_o question_n in_o controversy_n that_o the_o water_n be_v high_a for_o which_o he_o can_v produce_v no_o other_o reason_n thâ—n_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a forasmuch_o as_o in_o such_o matter_n the_o sense_n be_v oftentimes_o deceive_v as_o stand_v well_o with_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o perspective_n for_o 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whereon_o our_o divine_n seem_v most_o to_o depend_v nothing_o else_o be_v conclude_v but_o that_o almighty_a god_n have_v set_v certain_a bound_n &_o limit_n which_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o pass_v these_o bound_n &_o limit_n i_o take_v not_o to_o be_v supernatural_a as_o if_o the_o water_n restrain_v by_o such_o a_o power_n shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o circuit_n but_o natural_a as_o cliff_n &_o â—ils_n within_o which_o the_o water_n seem_v intrence_v this_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v dislike_v other_o have_v labour_v to_o defend_v a_o opposite_a position_n that_o the_o water_n be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n altogether_o which_o opinion_n bear_v more_o constancy_n with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o arist._n &_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o reason_n whereon_o this_o assertion_n be_v ground_v be_v chief_o these_o 1_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n what_o shall_v hinder_v the_o water_n of_o it_o from_o flow_v abroad_o &_o overwhelm_v the_o earth_n since_o all_o man_n will_v confess_v that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n dispose_v to_o move_v downward_o to_o the_o low_a place_n if_o they_o have_v recourse_n to_o supernatural_a â—ounds_n beside_o that_o we_o have_v speak_v concern_v the_o interpretationâ—_n of_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o seem_v to_o favour_v this_o opinion_n we_o unswere_v as_o before_o that_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n shall_v impose_v such_o a_o perpetual_a violence_n second_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o universals_n deluge_n wherein_o all_o the_o world_n be_v drown_v god_n break_v open_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o deep_a &_o open_v the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n to_o pour_v down_o rain_v continual_o many_o day_n together_o upon_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o there_o have_v be_v no_o necessity_n at_o all_o have_v the_o sea_n be_v heaâ—ed_v up_o in_o such_o
extreme_a or_o middle_a 6_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n be_v either_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a the_o former_a in_o the_o high_a hemisphere_n the_o other_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n thereunto_o opposite_a in_o the_o other_o hemisphere_n 7_o the_o middle_a inhabitant_n be_v such_o as_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n in_o either_o hemisphere_n the_o mistake_n of_o the_o true_a limit_n of_o north_n and_o south_n in_o this_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n have_v cause_v great_a error_n among_o the_o ancient_n insomuch_o as_o hypocrates_n pronounce_v the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n to_o be_v of_o a_o lean_a &_o dry_a disposition_n of_o a_o small_a and_o dwarfish_a statuâ—e_n whereas_o either_o writer_n out_o of_o a_o good_a observation_n have_v find_v they_o to_o be_v of_o a_o tall_a stature_n big-boned_a &_o of_o a_o most_o able_a constitution_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o of_o the_o south_n to_o compose_v which_o difference_n we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o that_o sub-partition_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n before_o mention_v wherein_o we_o allot_v of_o the_o 90_o degree_n account_v from_o the_o aequatour_n to_o the_o pole_n 30_o for_o heat_n 30_o for_o cold_a &_o 30_o for_o temperament_n whereof_o the_o former_a lie_v southward_o to_o the_o aequatour_n the_o second_v be_v account_v from_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o be_v conceive_v to_o lie_v betwixt_o both_o but_o because_o we_o find_v this_o mathematical_a division_n to_o be_v too_o precise_a to_o answer_v the_o observation_n of_o writer_n in_o this_o kind_n we_o must_v a_o little_a alter_v these_o bound_n that_o these_o rule_n may_v rather_o stoop_v to_o nature_n and_o observation_n then_o nature_n be_v square_v to_o our_o own_o conceit_n yet_o shall_v we_o show_v in_o a_o generality_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n aught_o to_o be_v judge_v and_o measure_v according_a to_o these_o limit_n though_o not_o exact_o answer_v in_o precise_a degree_n wherefore_o towards_o the_o north_n we_o limit_v these_o with_o bodin_n &_o other_o good_a writer_n which_o lie_v from_o the_o 50_o degree_n northward_o to_o the_o 70_o in_o which_o tract_n we_o shall_v find_v our_o briton_n ireland_n denmark_n gotland_n the_o low_a germany_n from_o moenus_n and_o hipanus_fw-la to_o scythia_n and_o tartary_n which_o â—ake_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n &_o asia_n on_o the_o south_n we_o place_v the_o mosâ—_n southerly_a spaniard_n â—he_v sicilian_n peloponnesian_n cretan_n syrian_n arabian_n persian_n sufian_n gedrosian_o indian_n egyptian_n cyranians_n carthaginian_n numidian_n lybian_o moor_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o florida_n in_o america_n the_o middle_a region_n be_v mean_v that_o which_o lie_v just_a in_o the_o middle_a place_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o pole_n not_o that_o which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o line_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v 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