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A59234 The mysterie of rhetorique unveil'd wherein above 130 the tropes and figures are severally derived from the Greek into English : together with lively definitions and variety of Latin, English, scriptural, examples, pertinent to each of them apart. Conducing very much to the right understanding of the sense of the letter of the scripture, (the want whereof occasions many dangerous errors this day). Eminently delightful and profitable for young scholars, and others of all sorts, enabling them to discern and imitate the elegancy in any author they read, &c. / by John Smith. Smith, John, Gent.; Sergeant, John, 1622-1707. 1665 (1665) Wing S2581; ESTC R6865 114,990 277

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mici sacri est consilii vis Tu vires sine mente geris mihi cura futuri est Sic oculos sic ille manus sic ora movebat English Examples You whom vertue hath made the Princess of felicity be not the Minister of ruine you whom my choyce hath made the Load-star of all my sublunary comfort be not the rock of my shipwrack An Example of Cicero in the praise of Pompey A witnesse is Italy which Lucius Sylla being Victor confessed was by this mans counsel delivered A wi●nesse is Africa which being opprest with great Armies of enemies flowed with the blood of slain men A witnesse is France through which a way was made with great slaughter of Frenchmen for our Armies into Spain A witnesse is Spain which hath very often seen that by this man many enemies have been overcome and vanquished Scriptural Examples of Anaphora Psal. 29.4 5. The voice of the Lord is powerful The Voice of the Lord is full of Majesty The voyce of the Lord breaketh the Cedars c. Jer. 8.2 Whom they loved whom they served whom they ran after whom they sought whom they worshipped c. 1 Cor. 1.20 Where is the wise where is the Scribe where is the disputer of this world c. Psal. 118 8 9. Better it is to trust in the Lord then to put confidence in man better it is to trust in the Lord then to put confidence in Princes c. Jer. 50.35 36 37. A sword is upon the Caldeans c. a sword is upon the Lyars c. a sword is upon her mighty men c. See Rom. 8.38 Psal. 27.1.118.2 4.124.1 2.148 1.2 3.150 1. Ezek. 27.12 15. Rom. 1.22 23. Amos 1.3.6.9 EPISTROPHE 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Conversio Conversion or a turning to the same sound or a changing of course derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epi prope near to and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 strepho verto to turn or change It is a repetition of the same word or sound in the ends of divers members of a sentence A figure when divers sentences end alike or when divers clauses end with the same word or words Complures clausus concludit Epistrophe eodem Dicto Crede mihi si te quoq pontus haberet Te sequerer cenjux et me quoq pontus haberet Surgamus solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra Juniperi gravis umbra nocent frugibus umbrae English Examples Ambition seeks to be next to the best after that to be equal with the best then to be chief and above the best Where the richnesse did invite the eyes the fashion did entertain the eyes and the device did teach the eyes We are born to sorrow passe our time in sorrow end our days in sorrow Either arm their lives or take away their lives Since the time that concord was taken from the city liberty was taken away fidelity was taken away friendship was taken away Scriptural Examples of Epistrophe 1 Cor. 13.11 When I was a childe I spake as a childe I understood as a childe I thought as a childe Psal. 115.9 10 11. Oh Israel trust in the Lord he is their help and their shield O house of Aaron trust in the Lord he is their help and their shield Ye that fear the Lord trust in the Lord he is their help and their shield Matth. 7.22 Have we not prophesied in thy name have we not cast out Devils in thy name and done miracles in thy name 2 Cor. 11.22 Are they Hebrews so am I are they Israelites so am I are they the seed of Abraham so am I. See Joel 2.26 27. Ezek. 33.25 26 27. Ezek 36.23 24 ●5 c. Amos 4.6 8. c. Hag. 2 8 9. Lam. 3.41 c. SYMPLOCE 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Complexio Complicatio an agreement of words in a sentence or Complication or folding together derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 symplico Complico Connecto to wrap or couple together Symploce is the joyning together of Anaphora and Epistrophe A figure when several sentences or clauses of sentences have the same beginning and the same ending or when all our beginnings and all our endings are like Symploce eas jungit complexa utramque figuram Quam bene Caune tuo poteram nurus esse parenti Quam bene Caune meo poteras gener esse parenti English Examples An Example of Cicero Him would you pardon and acquit by your sentence whom the Senate hath condemned whom the people of Rome have condemned whom all men have condemned O cruel death why hast thou taken away my choice my dear choyce my dearest and most beloved choyce and hid her in the dark where I cannot find her Can the Host of Heaven help me can Angels help me can these inefriour creatures help me Scriptural Examples of Symploce Psal. 47.6 Sing praises to our God sing praises Sing praises to our King sing praises Psal. 118.2 3 4. Let Israel now say that his mercy endureth for ever let the house of Aa●on now say that his mercy endureth for ever c. Rom. 14.8 Whether we live we live unto the Lord whether we die we die unto the Lord whether we live therefore or die we are the Lords See Psal. 136.1 2 3. Jer. 9.23 1 Cor. 12.4 5.6 1 Cor. 14 15. 2 Cor. 9.6 c. EPANALEPSIS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Resumptio a taking back derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epi after 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ana again and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lambano accipio to take from whence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lepsis acceptio a taking Ep●nalesis is the same in one sentence which Symploce is in several A figure when for elegancies sake a sentence is begun and ended with the same word or sound Incipit voce exit Epanalepsis eadem Pauper amet caut● timeat maledicere pauper Vna dies aperit conficit una dies Vidimus tuam victoriam praeliorum exitu terminatam gladium vagina vacuum non vid●mus English Examples Severe to his Servants to his children severe His superiour in means in place his superiour In sorow was I born and must die in sorrow Unkindness moved me and what can so throuble me or wrack my thoughts are unkindness At midnight thou wentst out of the house and returnedst against at midnight Scriptural Examples of Epanalepsis Phil. 4.4 Rejoyce in the Lord alwayes and again I say rejoyce 2 King 18.33 My Son Absalom my son c. 1 Cor. 3.21 22. All things are yours c. whether things present or things to come all are yours See 2 Cor. 4.3 Psal. 8.1 9. Psal. 46.1 ult EPANODOS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Regressio regression or turning back derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epi again and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 anodos ascensus an ascending or climbing up which is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ano sursum upwards and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hodos via
of Canticles the sweet conference between Christ and his Church is set down in the words and expressions proper to husband and wife Thus old age is most elegantly decipher'd in Eccles. 12.5 6. 2. An Allegory inforc'd and wrested is such as is lest destitute of a probable ground or foundation in the literal sense either it differs too much from the thing from which it is taken or it is agreeable to another and thwart object or otherwise it is too far remote from the Analogie of the Scriptures as such are Mat. 13 8. And other seeds fell into good ground and brought forth fruit some an hundred fold c. See Psal. 110.1 Mat. 15.11 Other Allegories Jer. 23.5 6. Behold the daies come saith the Lord that I will raise unto a David a righteous branch c. In his daies Judah shall be saved and Israel dwell safely so in Zech. 3.10 Which Allegorically represents the glorious peace and tranquillity of all Saints when Christ shall have set up his Kingdome and reign from the River to the end of the land See Hos. 13 14 15. Job 29.6 Prov. 23.29 ANtonomasia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nominis unius pro alio positio A putting of one name for another or the exchanging or a name derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pro for and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 onomazo nomino to name Antonomasia is a form of speech whereby the oratour or speaker for a proper name putteth another and some name of dignity office profession science or trade It is a kinde of a Metonymie and Synecdoche Generis and is when another name a nickname or common name is put instead of the proper name or when a word being put without a name supplies the place of the name Antonomasia imponit cognomen ut a Irus Impius b Aeacides c Poenus d Cytherea e Poeta a Irus being a poor Messenger of Penelopes woers is here put for any poor man Impius wicked the wicked fellow is put for any man notoriously wicked b Achilles the Nephew of Aeacus c Carthaginian for Hannibal who was the eminent man of Carthage d Any remarkable person of Cythera but here it signifies Venus who was carried to Cythera in a cockle-shell and was the goddesse of that place e Poeta the Poet for Virgil or Homer Arma virumque cano ubi intelligitur Aeneas English Examples This Rhetorical Exornation is used five waies viz. 1. Hereby the Oratour speaking to high dignities boweth as it were the knee of his speech and lifts up the eye of his phrase to the bright beams of earthly glory thereby declaring his reverence and their dignity thus when he speaks to a King or a Prince he saith your Majesty your Highnesse to a Nobleman your Lordship your Honour 2. In stead of name or title he useth a decent and due Epithet thus Honourable Judge Honoured Sir 3. The Author by the name of his profession or science as when we say the Philosopher for Aristotle The Roman Orator for Cicero The Psalmograph for David 4. A man by the name of his Countrey as the Persian the Germane the Britain 5. When we give to one man the name of another for the affinities sake of their manners or conditions In praise thus As when we call a grave man a Cato a just dealer an A●istides a wise man a Solomon In dispraise To call an envious detractor a Zoilus a captious reprehender a Momus a tyrant a Nero a voluptuous liver an Epicure Scriptural Examples of Antonomasia Prov. 18.10 The name of the Lord is a strong Tower c. Joel 2.11 He is strong that executes his word Gen. 21.33 The everlasting God where the common attributes strong and everlasting are put for Jehovah the more proper name of God So in Mat. 21.3 Joh. 11 3 12. Christ is called Lo●d and in Joh. 11.28 Master and in Mat 8.20 9.6 The son of man in Gen. 48.16 The Angel in Exod. 3.2 The Angel of the Lord and in Isai. 63.9 the Angel of the Lords presence and Euphrates is in Gen. 31.21 called the River and Christ in Dan. 11.22 is called the Prince oft he Covenant and in Gen. 3.15 the seed of the woman and in Heb. 12.24 the Mediator of the New Covenant Thus Christ also calls his Church his Sister his Love and his Dove and the Church in like manner him her Beloved LItotes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tenuitas tenuity smalness or finenesse derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 litos tenuis small or fine It is a kinde of Synecdoche A Trope when a word is put down with a sign of negation and yet as much is signified as if we spake affirmatively if not more and by others it is called a Figure When lesse is said then signifyed and whereby the oratour or speaker for modesties sake seems to extenuate that which he expresses Non equidem laudo est Litotes nec munera sperno Non sperno i. e. diligo Rhodi Romanis haud infesti i. e. amicissimi Et Gens illa quidem sumptis non tarda pharetris i. e. velocissima Me non spernitis i. e. di igitis English Examples It is no small account that he makes of his own wit or he setteth not a little by himselfe Here by the negations of small and little or much are both signified and properly amplified Also by denying the Superlative it takes the Positive degree thus He is not the wisest man in the world or he is none of the wisest i e. he is not wise at all This and such like formes of speaking are used for modesties sake for it were not so seemly to say that he lacks wit or that he is a fool So if a man had some good occasion or just cause to commend himself he cannot by any means do it in more modest manner then by this form of speech as if he should say I was not the last in the field to engage the enemies of my Countrey Here if he should have said I was first or one of the foremost in the field although he had spoken never so truly it would have savoured of arrogancy and boasting Scriptural Examples of Litotes Psal. 51.17 A broken heart God will not despise i. e. he will highly prize it 1 Thess. 5.20 Despise not prophesying i. e see that you highly prize it The like in Rom. 2.4 Psal. 105.15 Touch not mine anointed c. i. e. hurt them not take heed you be not found among the persecutors of my anointed ones Job 10.3 Despise not the work of thine hands i. e. do thou graciously take notice of the work c. Psal. 9.12 He will not forget the cry of the humble i. e. he will surely remember their cry c. Thus when the Scripture would strongly affirm it doth it oftentimes by denying the contrary as Isai. 38.1 Thou shalt die and not live i.e. thou shalt certainly die The like in Ezek. 18.21 Deut. 28 33.