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the_o king_n reside_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v at_o the_o council-board_n for_o fear_v notwithstanding_o that_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v always_o senator_n sufficient_a for_o that_o purpose_n at_o court_n the_o senate_n always_o depute_v four_o of_o their_o member_n to_o attend_v the_o king_n person_n by_o turn_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o give_v he_o advice_n but_o likewise_o to_o inspect_v into_o his_o conduct_n and_o to_o prevent_v he_o from_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n for_o the_o king_n and_o council_n be_v accountable_a to_o the_o diet_n for_o any_o mismanagement_n in_o the_o government_n in_o short_a the_o genius_n of_o the_o polish_v nation_n and_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o their_o constitution_n be_v entire_o bend_v to_o curb_n the_o king_n power_n and_o to_o secure_v their_o law_n and_o prerogative_n against_o the_o encroach_a faction_n of_o foreign_a prince_n or_o of_o their_o own_o court-party_n i_o may_v here_o my_o lord_n add_v a_o great_a many_o
before_o the_o king_n wherever_o he_o go_v and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o all_o the_o court-officer_n perform_v their_o duty_n in_o their_o several_a station_n over_o who_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_a case_n if_o any_o person_n so_o much_o as_o wound_v one_o of_o his_o officer_n he_o lose_v his_o head_n for_o it_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1573._o he_o be_v moreover_o the_o introducer_n of_o all_o ambassador_n perquisites_n he_o have_v a_o exceed_a great_a benefit_n by_o impose_v prize_n on_o merchant_n ware_n for_o they_o general_o make_v he_o great_a present_n and_o bribe_n to_o augment_v their_o profit_n nevertheless_o his_o power_n be_v very_o much_o lessen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n for_o than_o he_o must_v act_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n absence_n he_o always_o act_n by_o assistance_n of_o the_o court_n marshal_n who_o be_v his_o deputy_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o when_o the_o court_n marshal_n absent_v likewise_o the_o duty_n of_o that_o office_n be_v require_v from_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n from_o his_o little_a marshal_n and_o when_o all_o these_o be_v absent_a that_o duty_n be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n in_o their_o respective_a turn_v the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o grand_a marshal_n or_o grand_a steward_n of_o lithuania_n his_o office_n be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o poland_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o second_v lay_n senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n kingdom_n the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v the_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o the_o other_o secular_a by_o a_o law_n make_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n i._n but_o those_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v both_o oblige_v to_o be_v secular_a though_o 528._o hartknoch_n say_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o a_o bishop_n be_v chancellor_n there_o authority_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o two_o seal_n the_o chancellor_n the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n the_o lesser_a their_o authority_n be_v equal_a except_o that_o the_o former_a always_o take_v place_n of_o the_o latter_a though_o he_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o bishop_n and_o that_o the_o vicechancellor_n do_v not_o act_v but_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o at_o least_o under_o he_o power_n the_o chancellor_n office_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n to_o see_v justice_n do_v the_o law_n observe_v and_o to_o render_v ineffectual_a the_o cabal_n and_o intrigue_n of_o foreign_a prince_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o be_v to_o seal_v all_o the_o king_n mandate_n and_o grant_n and_o to_o receive_v and_o answer_v all_o his_o letter_n their_o power_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v seal_v several_a thing_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o refuse_v as_o many_o where_o he_o command_v if_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o vicechancellor_n answer_v to_o all_o speech_n make_v the_o king_n and_o propose_v all_o matter_n to_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o senate_n he_o of_o the_o two_o that_o be_v ecclesiastical_a have_v a_o power_n over_o the_o king_n secretary_n chaplain_n and_o preacher_n as_o likewise_o over_o all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n which_o in_o any_o wise_a relate_v to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v the_o general_a chronicler_n and_o publisher_n of_o the_o law_n and_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o appeal_v make_v to_o the_o king_n other_o the_o vicechancellor_n general_o succeed_v the_o chancellor_n though_o sometime_o in_o lithuania_n it_o have_v happen_v otherwise_o the_o ecclesiastical_a chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n of_o poland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o mean_a bishopric_n as_o culm_n premislia_n chelm_fw-ge etc._n etc._n qualify_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v person_n of_o great_a prudence_n learning_n and_o probity_n their_o business_n be_v to_o admonish_v advise_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n in_o his_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n authority_n these_o treasurer_n be_v master_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o treasure_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v bring_v they_o in_o by_o four_o general_a collector_n who_o all_o keep_v a_o true_a register_n of_o it_o give_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n they_o also_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o regalia_z as_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n of_o state_n robe_n etc._n etc._n they_o moreover_o have_v in_o their_o custody_n all_o the_o king_n furniture_n and_o record_n and_o be_v to_o preside_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o mint_n they_o likewise_o pay_v all_o salary_n either_o of_o the_o military_a or_o civil_a list_n the_o treasurer_n privilege_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o give_v any_o account_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o officer_n how_o they_o perform_v their_o trust_n but_o in_o due_a time_n the_o diet_n appoint_v commissioner_n for_o that_o purpose_n they_o be_v oblige_v faithful_o to_o charge_n and_o discharge_v themselves_o before_o they_o otherwise_o the_o republic_n may_v sue_v they_o for_o it_o and_o confiscate_v their_o land_n nevertheless_o the_o treasurer_n who_o most_o common_o misemploy_v the_o public_a stock_n by_o treat_v the_o commissioner_n well_o and_o make_v they_o considerable_a present_n withal_o often_o obtain_v their_o discharge_n without_o much_o difficulty_n trust_n i_o may_v here_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v when_o count_n morstyn_n be_v great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o public_a benefit_n send_v all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o treasury_n into_o france_n when_o fear_v that_o the_o diet_n will_v soon_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v he_o to_o account_n he_o retire_v private_o with_o all_o his_o effect_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o go_v to_o settle_v in_o france_n where_o he_o purchase_v the_o whole_a county_n of_o chateau-villain_n which_o be_v worth_a above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o livre_n a_o year_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n it_o these_o court_n marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o vladislaus_n vii_o have_v a_o contest_v with_o the_o chancellor_n for_o precedence_n but_o at_o length_n they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o last_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n therefore_o starovolscius_fw-la who_o in_o his_o colen_n edition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n place_n they_o next_o to_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o that_o of_o dantzic_n put_v they_o last_o of_o all_o officer_n it_o will_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o grace_n that_o beside_o these_o ten_o crown-officer_n there_o be_v three_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n which_o be_v not_o senator_n and_o they_o be_v either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n the_o king_n court_n or_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o palatinate_n and_o district_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o first_o kind_a be_v these_o general_n the_o two_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n who_o be_v the_o king_n be_v immediate_a substitute_n and_o have_v a_o full_a power_n to_o do_v whatever_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a though_o this_o dignity_n of_o great_a general_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o honourable_a of_o any_o in_o the_o republic_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o make_v the_o person_n that_o enjoy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o senator_n nor_o qualify_v he_o to_o have_v the_o least_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n unless_o he_o be_v therewithal_o a_o palatin_n or_o castellan_n as_o most_o common_o he_o be_v authority_n the_o two_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n have_v equal_a power_n in_o their_o respective_a state_n and_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o unless_o that_o the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n always_o give_v place_n to_o he_o of_o poland_n yet_o have_v he_o the_o sole_a command_n
any_o condition_n to_o become_v master_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o other_o claim_n and_o more_o especial_o since_o these_o condition_n be_v neither_o rigorous_a nor_o dishonourable_a but_o such_o as_o be_v decent_o consistent_a with_o the_o regal_a character_n he_o be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o republic_n thus_o the_o polish_v gentry_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n have_v in_o time_n make_v a_o perfect_a republic_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n which_o they_o call_v the_o nobility_n poland_n here_o my_o lord_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n the_o gentry_n or_o freeborn_a subject_n who_o be_v hardly_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o vassal_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o slave_n to_o the_o gentry_n for_o they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n can_v buy_v no_o estate_n nor_o enjoy_v any_o property_n no_o more_o than_o our_o negro_n in_o the_o west-indies_n can_n and_o this_o because_o some_o age_n since_o the_o common_a people_n revolt_a against_o their_o lord_n and_o have_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nation_n the_o gentry_n come_v with_o a_o foreign_a power_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o great_a subjection_n than_o before_o in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v ever_o since_o so_o that_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n at_o present_a comprehend_v only_o the_o king_n and_o gentry_n by_o a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n be_v understand_v a_o person_n who_o either_o himself_n or_o his_o family_n have_v a_o possession_n in_o land_n for_o they_o never_o intermarry_v with_o the_o common_a people_n all_o the_o gentry_n from_o the_o king_n son_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o only_a master_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v equal_o noble_a both_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o body_n be_v bear_v either_o a_o palatine_n senator_n or_o lord_n but_o those_o title_n be_v always_o annex_v to_o certain_a employment_n which_o the_o king_n only_o give_v to_o person_n advance_v in_o age_n and_o recommend_v by_o their_o merit_n diet._n the_o diet_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o respect_n resemble_v our_o parliament_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o house_n the_o house_n of_o senator_n answerable_a to_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o the_o house_n of_o nuncio_n not_o unlike_o our_o house_n of_o commons_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o all_o about_o 142._o in_o the_o upper-house_n the_o senator_n sit_v not_o by_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n or_o letter_n patent_n as_o in_o england_n but_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o great_a preferment_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n which_o they_o enjoy_v for_o life_n so_o that_o the_o king_n whole_o constitute_v the_o upper_a house_n but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n elect_v by_o they_o alone_o in_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o common_a people_n who_o have_v no_o privilege_n to_o vote_n in_o their_o election_n insomuch_o that_o at_o least_o nine_o part_n in_o ten_o of_o the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n power_n the_o grand_a diet_n of_o poland_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o deputy_n assemble_v together_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o his_o majesty_n command_v without_o this_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n can_v neither_o make_v nor_o repeal_n law_n declare_v war_n nor_o conclude_v a_o peace_n make_v no_o alliance_n with_o any_o foreign_a prince_n raise_v neither_o troop_n nor_o tax_n coin_v no_o money_n and_o in_o a_o word_n can_v determine_v no_o matter_n of_o state_n of_o any_o importance_n without_o the_o universal_a consent_n and_o concurrence_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o they_o term_v the_o free_a state_n of_o poland_n government_n several_a powerful_a motive_n have_v incline_v the_o pole_n to_o establish_v this_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o just_a temperament_n of_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v find_v most_o excellent_a in_o the_o several_a monarchy_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o motive_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o history_n or_o learn_v they_o from_o the_o most_o know_v among_o their_o native_n be_v as_o follow_v motive_n first_o they_o think_v by_o this_o judicious_a choice_n of_o a_o government_n to_o preserve_v their_o kingdom_n from_o those_o disorder_n which_o most_o common_o attend_v absolute_a monarchy_n agree_v herein_o with_o that_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n aristotle_n who_o though_o he_o prefer_v this_o kind_n of_o government_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o be_v he_o nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o own_o that_o when_o ever_o it_o degenerate_v it_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o all_o thus_o the_o pole_n have_v temper_v the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o their_o king_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o other_o government_n whereby_o they_o think_v to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n a_o thing_n always_o most_o dear_a to_o they_o from_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o by_o imagine_v himself_o above_o the_o law_n may_v fancy_n whatever_o his_o passion_n prompt_v he_o to_o allowable_a and_o his_o true_a interest_n to_o be_v the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o his_o people_n the_o miserable_a example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n have_v sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o truth_n wherefore_o the_o polish_v nation_n think_v it_o but_o convenient_a to_o limit_v the_o excessive_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o confine_v they_o to_o rule_v with_o more_o moderation_n and_o justice_n motive_n second_o the_o pole_n have_v observe_v as_o well_o from_o their_o own_o government_n as_o from_o that_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n have_v flow_v from_o a_o aristocracy_n they_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v but_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o one_o person_n be_v infinite_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v tolerate_v than_o that_o of_o many_o for_o that_o either_o the_o ambition_n or_o jealousy_n of_o such_o will_v often_o disturb_v the_o repose_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a poland_n also_o begin_v to_o reflect_v upon_o its_o former_a misery_n under_o its_o woievod_n when_o it_o be_v deplorable_o rend_v and_o tear_v by_o the_o faction_n among_o those_o palatine_n insomuch_o that_o even_o while_o it_o become_v a_o conqueror_n from_o without_o it_o be_v vanquish_v within_o and_o that_o by_o its_o own_o force_n this_o give_v the_o pole_n no_o small_a dislike_n to_o a_o aristocracy_n which_o they_o have_v resolve_v never_o more_o to_o admit_v among_o they_o motive_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o have_v oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o reject_v a_o democracy_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o sort_n of_o government_n to_o be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a of_o all_o be_v the_o easy_a inflame_v and_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o true_a nobility_n its_o first_o maxim_n be_v to_o procure_v a_o universal_a level_v or_o make_v all_o alike_o whereby_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o common_a liberty_n they_o weaken_v and_o enervate_v those_o great_a genius_n which_o be_v design_v to_o govern_v and_o protect_v they_o how_o then_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o descendants_n of_o those_o mighty_a warrior_n who_o found_v the_o polish_v nation_n and_o have_v so_o long_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o by_o their_o valour_n shall_v submit_v to_o have_v their_o blood_n debase_v by_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ignoble_a vulgar_a the_o tyranny_n of_o law_n which_o the_o noble_n be_v subject_v to_o in_o a_o absolute_a commonwealth_n will_v be_v too_o rude_a a_o check_n to_o this_o ambition_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v to_o command_v over_o their_o vassal_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v always_o entertain_v a_o secret_a odium_n for_o those_o grecian_a republic_n that_o banish_v their_o great_a statesman_n mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o have_v they_o gain_v too_o fast_o upon_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n if_o any_o shall_v perhaps_o doubt_v of_o the_o pernicious_a consequence_n of_o a_o popular_a government_n where_o reason_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reign_v as_o a_o unruly_a violence_n of_o a_o people_n who_o know_v no_o other_o law_n than_o those_o of_o their_o passion_n let_v they_o cast_v their_o eye_n on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o be_v often_o ready_a to_o overturn_v the_o state_n have_v not_o the_o senate_n speedy_o apply_v a_o prudent_a remedy_n but_o there_o be_v other_o example_n more_o modern_a as_o the_o revolt_n
the_o pole_n have_v to_o aspire_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o by_o their_o constitution_n all_o the_o noble_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o freeborn_a of_o the_o land_n be_v equal_a as_o to_o their_o birth_n and_o none_o though_o never_o so_o poor_a owe_v precedence_n unless_o through_o a_o compliment_n to_o any_o ever_o so_o rich_a insomuch_o that_o preferment_n and_o honour_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o attain_v to_o precedence_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n now_o one_o will_v think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o profit_n and_o trust_v so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v needs_o gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o be_v confer_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o grateful_a and_o know_v too_o well_o that_o the_o king_n can_v dispose_v of_o those_o preferment_n but_o to_o themselves_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o grant_v they_o he_o only_o give_v back_o what_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n in_o he_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o justice_n approach_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n come_v to_o any_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n and_o he_o can_v send_v his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n only_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o keep_v their_o own_o key_n and_o to_o hinder_v all_o but_o a_o few_o troop_n from_o follow_v the_o king_n into_o the_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o dantzick_n have_v more_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n than_o any_o other_o city_n of_o poland_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v rather_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o small_a republic_n of_o itself_o under_o protection_n of_o that_o kingdom_n than_o a_o city_n subject_a to_o it_o nay_o it_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o sovereign_a power_n for_o it_o can_v condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o polish_v gentry_n if_o they_o commit_v any_o crime_n within_o its_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n diet._n the_o king_n can_v raise_v no_o troop_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o this_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o shall_v strengthen_v himself_o and_o entrench_v upon_o their_o liberty_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o levy_v some_o with_o the_o portion_n of_o his_o queen_n mary_n ludovica_n but_o the_o senate_n so_o murmur_v that_o he_o be_v soon_o oblige_v to_o disband_v they_o the_o king_n can_v on_o any_o account_n whatever_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v that_o king_n henry_n of_o valois_n be_v fain_o to_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o he_o go_v into_o france_n sigismond_n iii_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sueden_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o to_o obtain_v consent_n to_o return_v into_o sueden_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o hereditary_a kingdom_n and_o that_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o return_v to_o his_o native_a kingdom_n desire_v leave_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o augment_v their_o privilege_n to_o obtain_v it_o respect_v the_o king_n child_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o respect_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n every_o private_a gentleman_n think_v himself_o as_o great_a as_o they_o by_o the_o law_n and_o to_o have_v as_o lawful_a a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o be_v they_o nevertheless_o always_o treat_v as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal._n his_o elder_a son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o bare_o that_o of_o prince_n add_v withal_o their_o christian_a name_n as_o prince_n alexander_n and_o prince_n constantin_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n be_v call_v the_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o only_a princess_n add_v thereto_o their_o name_n as_o princess_n mary_n of_o poland_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o the_o king_n their_o father_n die_v and_o a_o new_a king_n of_o another_o or_o the_o same_o family_n succeed_v and_o have_v child_n then_o do_v they_o lose_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o take_v only_o the_o name_n of_o their_o family_n or_o estate_n such_o as_o prince_n sobieski_n princess_n czartoriski_n yet_o however_o the_o senate_n always_o look_v upon_o themselves_o oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o to_o give_v they_o pension_n and_o to_o match_v they_o equal_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o birth_n which_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v due_o observe_v nay_o the_o pole_n have_v all_o along_o show_v such_o esteem_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o although_o they_o have_v not_o allow_v they_o any_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o law_n yet_o have_v they_o always_o elect_v one_o of_o they_o king_n where_o there_o be_v any_o survive_v for_o i_o find_v from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o prince_n piastus_n even_o down_o to_o that_o of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n which_o be_v from_o the_o year_n 830._o to_o the_o year_n 1674_o the_o crown_n have_v always_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o family_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n as_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o account_n of_o poland_n they_o have_v also_o not_o confine_v this_o affection_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n son_n only_o but_o have_v likewise_o extend_v it_o towards_o their_o daughter_n and_o even_o their_o widow_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o their_o history_n where_o your_o grace_n will_v find_v what_o strict_a regard_v the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o princess_n hedwigis_fw-la who_o they_o wait_v for_o with_o great_a patience_n though_o all_o the_o while_o they_o suffer_v extreme_o by_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v a_o relation_n to_o casimir_n the_o great_a slight_v the_o king_n be_v natural_a son_n be_v extreme_o undervalue_v and_o be_v hardly_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v common_a gentleman_n for_o none_o of_o the_o gentry_n care_v to_o keep_v company_n with_o they_o nay_o one_o of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v a_o clerk_n in_o the_o salt_n customhouse_n at_o thorn_n a_o city_n in_o prussia_n where_o his_o place_n be_v not_o worth_n he_o above_o thirty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n they_o usual_o have_v a_o very_a mean_a opinion_n of_o illegitimate_a child_n though_o nature_n endow_v they_o general_o with_o as_o many_o perfection_n and_o with_o as_o good_a quality_n as_o she_o do_v the_o lawful_o beget_v family_n the_o only_a way_n for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o continue_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o family_n be_v to_o be_v warlike_a to_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n to_o gain_v the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n by_o his_o own_o merit_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o send_v his_o child_n early_o to_o the_o war_n to_o get_v credit_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o army_n to_o spend_v liberal_o all_o his_o revenue_n and_o to_o die_v in_o debt_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v incline_v to_o elect_a his_o son_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o pay_v what_o his_o father_n owe_v but_o all_o this_o while_n he_o must_v never_o think_v to_o encroach_v on_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nation_n nor_o endeavour_v by_o any_o mean_n to_o render_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n for_o whenever_o the_o pole_n begin_v to_o smell_v out_o any_o such_o private_a design_n they_o be_v present_o apt_a to_o stir_v up_o seditious_a tumult_n which_o will_v prove_v very_o pernicious_a to_o all_o the_o posterity_n of_o that_o king_n as_o the_o ill_a success_n the_o late_a king_n son_n have_v have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v denmark_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o reduce_v his_o subject_n under_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n for_o the_o state_n of_o denmark_n be_v quite_o different_a then_o from_o what_o that_o of_o poland_n be_v now_o in_o denmark_n the_o king_n clergy_n and_o commonalty_n be_v under_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o the_o gentry_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o commonalty_n to_o side_n with_o the_o king_n to_o abate_v and_o depress_v the_o
can_v have_v any_o force_n it_o must_v be_v review_v by_o the_o great_a marshal_n and_o two_o deputy_n or_o by_o three_o senator_n and_o six_o deputy_n have_v be_v thus_o review_v it_o be_v read_v out_o in_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o nuncio_n marshal_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n demand_n with_o a_o low_a voice_n if_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o deputy_n consent_v to_o apply_v the_o seal_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o affirmative_a it_o be_v present_o seal_v and_o enroll_v among_o the_o act_n in_o the_o register_n of_o warsaw_n and_o this_o by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o deputy_n marshal_n who_o be_v to_o see_v it_o do_v soon_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o session_n after_o this_o one_o of_o the_o king_n secretary_n be_v to_o get_v it_o print_v and_o disperse_v among_o the_o several_a little_a diet_n and_o tribunal_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n print_v it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v dissolve_v through_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o any_o particular_a member_n no_o law_n or_o constitution_n can_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o press_n whereupon_o in_o the_o year_n 1665._o the_o nuncios_fw-la severe_o reprove_v their_o marshal_n for_o but_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v transcribe_v where_o the_o session_n have_v be_v adjourn_v the_o same_o law_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o decree_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o immediate_o after_o the_o publish_n of_o they_o by_o the_o referendary_a they_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v sign_v seal_v and_o print_v those_o decree_n that_o concern_v the_o treasury_n be_v to_o be_v sign_v only_o by_o a_o prothonotary_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n limit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o diet_n ought_v never_o to_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o very_o exact_a in_o observe_v this_o privilege_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o that_o time_n be_v expire_v they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o take_v leave_v of_o the_o king_n in_o their_o name_n and_o moreover_o to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o they_o intend_v to_o wait_v on_o he_o to_o kiss_v his_o hand_n which_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o do_v soon_o after_o they_o be_v so_o obstinate_o bend_v upon_o defend_v this_o custom_n that_o though_o the_o urgency_n of_o state_n require_v never_o so_o short_a a_o continuance_n of_o the_o diet_n after_o the_o time_n prescribe_v yet_o they_o always_o vigorous_o oppose_v it_o as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1649._o when_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosacks_n have_v almost_o overrun_v the_o kingdom_n wherefore_o the_o reason_n i_o suppose_v why_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v so_o punctual_a in_o observe_v this_o constitution_n above_o any_o other_o be_v because_o by_o that_o time_n their_o money_n general_o be_v spend_v and_o other_o provision_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o wagon_n from_o home_n as_o beer_n wine_n meat_n fowl_n etc._n etc._n consume_v by_o the_o great_a train_n of_o guard_n and_o other_o domestic_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o diet_n the_o affair_n general_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o grand_a diet_n be_v either_o a_o king_n election_n or_o his_o marriage_n send_v ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n declare_v war_n or_o make_v peace_n impose_v tax_n to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n make_v alliance_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o all_o other_o state_n affair_n likewise_o all_o suit_n of_o law_n between_o private_a person_n have_v their_o last_o appeal_n from_o the_o tribunal_n to_o the_o diet_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o difference_n adjust_v by_o they_o between_o the_o order_n of_o malta_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n wiesnowiski_n who_o withhold_v possession_n of_o what_o be_v give_v by_o his_o brother-in-law_n the_o duke_n of_o ostrog_n to_o this_o order_n also_o in_o criminal_a case_n they_o judge_v and_o condemn_v as_o they_o do_v those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczeski_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o lithuania_n who_o have_v all_o their_o head_n cut_v off_o by_o proceed_n in_o this_o court_n treason_n in_o case_n of_o high-treason_n the_o pole_n say_v their_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n of_o any_o traitor_n and_o therefore_o the_o marshal_n lubomirski_n complain_v of_o john_n casimir'_v condemn_v he_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o contumacy_n also_o they_o do_v not_o general_o admit_v the_o nuncios_fw-la at_o that_o time_n though_o stephen_n batori_fw-la at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1582._o cause_v they_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n of_o shorowski_n for_o treason_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v all_o be_v witness_n of_o the_o injustice_n do_v he_o poland_n it_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o stranger_n be_v naturalize_v and_o native_n of_o the_o country_n who_o be_v not_o freeborn_a be_v make_v gentleman_n former_o no_o person_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o honour_n but_o such_o only_a as_o have_v serve_v in_o the_o war_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n or_o else_o who_o have_v do_v some_o other_o good_a service_n to_o the_o state_n but_o now_o there_o need_v no_o other_o merit_n or_o good_a quality_n than_o to_o be_v rich_a enough_o to_o purchase_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o court_n or_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o great_a man._n they_o that_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v noble_a have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o put_v their_o name_n into_o the_o roll_n of_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v make_v polish_v gentleman_n after_o which_o they_o be_v to_o give_v in_o a_o note_n of_o their_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o to_o put_v their_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_a when_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o accept_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o have_v get_v their_o patent_n sign_v they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n before_o the_o same_o marshal_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o their_o king_n and_o country_n and_o whereof_o the_o marshal_n afterward_o give_v they_o a_o certificate_n stand_v nevertheless_o though_o the_o candidate_n be_v declare_v noble_a by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o three_o order_n yet_o be_v he_o capable_a only_o of_o mean_a employment_n and_o to_o have_v a_o vote_n among_o the_o gentry_n it_o not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o bestow_v either_o on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n any_o important_a preferment_n till_o the_o three_o generation_n be_v past_a and_o the_o republic_n be_v thereby_o satisfy_v of_o their_o fidelity_n loyalty_n and_o affection_n for_o their_o country_n diet._n though_o no_o other_o person_n but_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o nuncios_fw-la can_v have_v any_o business_n or_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o vast_a number_n of_o other_o people_n still_o flock_v thither_o also_o most_o common_o foreign_a prince_n choose_v then_o to_o send_v their_o ambassador_n according_a to_o the_o interest_n they_o have_v to_o maintain_v in_o the_o diet._n at_o this_o time_n likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o appear_v in_o any_o sort_n of_o grandeur_n meet_v here_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o business_n than_o to_o see_v and_o be_v see_v it_o be_v then_o their_o son_n get_v acquaint_v with_o other_o of_o the_o young_a gentry_n and_o often_o be_v marry_v to_o some_o of_o the_o young_a lady_n that_o come_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o to_o get_v husband_n in_o short_a the_o diet_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o general_a rendezvouz_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o man_n and_o woman_n as_o child_n so_o that_o what_o city_n soever_o the_o diet_n sit_v in_o there_o be_v always_o thirty_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o forty_o thousand_o person_n more_o than_o there_o use_v to_o be_v notwithstanding_o nevertheless_o provision_n be_v not_o very_o scarce_o by_o reason_n that_o every_o gentleman_n almost_o bring_v his_o necessary_n along_o with_o he_o nay_o the_o great_a part_n send_v their_o fuel_n and_o provender_n for_o their_o horse_n by_o the_o river_n vistula_n to_o warsaw_n when_o they_o come_v from_o that_o side_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a gentleman_n that_o always_o come_v from_o germany_n sweden_n and_o other_o adjacent_a country_n to_o see_v this_o general_a meeting_n which_o be_v a_o fine_a sight_n and_o the_o only_a thing_n that_o be_v worth_a observe_v in_o poland_n night_n at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v always_o such_o a_o crowd_n of_o soldier_n heyduke_n and_o footman_n in_o the_o street_n that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o be_v abroad_o after_o day_n shut_v in_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v robe_v or_o stripe_v naked_a as_o happen_v almost_o every_o night_n for_o the_o polish_v gentry_n give_v so_o very_o short_a allowance_n to_o their_o guard_n and_o servant_n
jurisdiction_n of_o poland_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o general_n although_o the_o palatine_n and_o castellan_n who_o general_o accompany_v his_o majesty_n to_o the_o war_n retain_v their_o authority_n over_o their_o respective_a inferior_n but_o where_o those_o be_v refractory_a a_o court-marshal_n adju_v the_o debate_n law_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n agree_v that_o it_o have_v none_o till_o the_o time_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a and_o then_o but_o very_o few_o make_v by_o he_o although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o pole_n hadlong_o before_o be_v christian_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o verse_v in_o the_o human-learning_n yet_o be_v there_o never_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o any_o prince_n commit_v to_o write_v but_o that_o people_n be_v content_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o ancestor_n hand_v down_o to_o they_o from_o father_n to_o son_n casimir_n iii_o therefore_o 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and_o sometime_o by_o imprisonment_n only_o servant_n master_n also_o have_v a_o power_n of_o chastise_v their_o servant_n which_o they_o do_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o servant_n they_o be_v about_o to_o punish_v be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n than_o they_o make_v he_o lie_v down_o on_o his_o belly_n on_o a_o carpet_n spread_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o upon_o a_o stool_n when_o another_o gentleman-servant_n lay_v he_o on_o unmerciful_o on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o rope_n or_o stick_n give_v he_o as_o many_o blow_v and_o lash_n as_o the_o master_n who_o be_v then_o present_a order_n after_o which_o he_o that_o be_v beat_v embrace_n the_o knee_n of_o he_o that_o have_v command_v he_o to_o be_v beat_v and_o salute_v he_o with_o the_o good-natured_a title_n of_o benefactor_n this_o discipline_n seem_v a_o little_a too_o severe_a but_o however_o the_o temper_n of_o these_o people_n make_v it_o necessary_a the_o peasant-servant_n be_v punish_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o have_v no_o carpet_n spread_v under_o they_o some_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n think_v it_o a_o honour_n to_o be_v so_o lash_v which_o honour_n they_o always_o receive_v liberal_o as_o often_o as_o they_o deserve_v it_o beat_v this_o custom_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o punish_v their_o gentlemen-servant_n so_o rigid_o ought_v not_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o they_o may_v serve_v in_o the_o mean_a office_n without_o derogate_a from_o the_o nobility_n of_o their_o birth_n or_o incapacitate_v themselves_o for_o the_o high_a preferment_n for_o say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v some_o who_o from_o be_v footboy_n to_o great_a lord_n and_o drummer_n in_o a_o company_n of_o dragoon_n have_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n also_o in_o general_n nothing_o debase_v nobility_n in_o this_o country_n but_o a_o handicraft_n or_o mechanic_n employment_n this_o sir_n be_v all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o by_o various_a read_n relate_v to_o the_o legislative_a and_o executive_a justice_n in_o poland_n and_o which_o though_o not_o capable_a to_o pass_v your_o censure_n with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o regular_a composition_n i_o hope_v may_v obtain_v effect_n of_o your_o candour_n under_o the_o regret_v title_n of_o a_o hasty_a compilation_n i_o be_o sir_n with_o all_o humility_n your_o most_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iu._n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a john_n earl_n of_o marlborough_n governor_n to_o his_o highness_n the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n of_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o proceed_n in_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la and_o all_o other_o ceremony_n as_o likewise_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o queen_n my_o lord_n to_o who_o can_v this_o letter_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n more_o proper_o address_v itself_o than_o to_o your_o lordship_n who_o have_v late_o be_v pitch_v upon_o by_o the_o wise_a of_o monarch_n to_o be_v governor_n to_o the_o presumptive_a heir_n of_o his_o crown_n no_o doubt_v his_o majesty_n see_v those_o unite_a qualification_n in_o you_o which_o be_v but_o to_o be_v single_o meet_v with_o in_o all_o other_o and_o which_o moreover_o can_v not_o but_o be_v require_v to_o copy_v a_o successor_n from_o so_o great_a a_o original_a as_o himself_o these_o consideration_n my_o lord_n have_v embolden_v i_o to_o present_v your_o lordship_n with_o this_o imperfect_a account_n but_o which_o i_o hope_v in_o regard_n it_o have_v be_v extract_v from_o so_o many_o volume_n may_v favourable_o pass_v your_o discern_a censure_n though_o it_o must_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o deserve_v your_o approbation_n my_o lord_n way_n the_o crown_n of_o poland_n may_v be_v vacant_a four_o way_n for_o either_o the_o king_n abdicate_v voluntary_o and_o public_o like_o john_n casimir_n be_v depose_v for_o his_o vice_n as_o locticus_n be_v run_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o henry_n iii_o of_o france_n do_v or_o die_v which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a cause_n of_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la summon_v when_o the_o crown_n be_v once_o become_v vacant_a the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v the_o first_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o prime_a minister_n and_o have_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o the_o king_n have_v most_o of_o the_o crown_n revenue_n be_v invest_v likewise_o in_o he_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n he_o issue_v out_o circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n to_o acquaint_v they_o therewith_o and_o to_o command_v their_o several_a officer_n to_o make_v publication_n of_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la as_o likewise_o to_o summon_v a_o general_a convocation_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o meet_v at_o warsaw_n at_o a_o time_n prefix_v session_n before_o this_o general_a meeting_n they_o meet_v at_o the_o little_a diet_n where_o care_n be_v take_v to_o secure_v the_o road_n from_o thief_n and_o to_o set_v strong_a guard_n every_o where_o on_o the_o frontier_n to_o oppose_v a_o invade_a enemy_n next_o spy_n be_v send_v into_o all_o neighbour_a kingdom_n to_o have_v intelligence_n of_o what_o they_o design_n or_o do_v then_o all_o person_n be_v prohibit_v either_o to_o go_v out_o or_o come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la as_o likewise_o to_o carry_v any_o horse_n out_o of_o it_o all_o foreign_a letter_n direct_v to_o any_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v intercept_v all_o the_o highway_n be_v block_v up_o with_o tree_n fell_v down_o and_o ambuscadoe_n be_v place_v about_o they_o none_o of_o the_o senate_n nor_o no_o foreigner_n be_v permit_v to_o write_v to_o the_o army_n all_o the_o gentry_n be_v command_v to_o have_v every_o thing_n in_o readiness_n for_o public_a defence_n the_o common_a use_n of_o gun_n be_v forbid_v tavern_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o concert_n of_o music_n silence_v
then_o they_o proceed_v to_o institute_v the_o court_n call_v kaptur_n treat_v of_o before_o interregnum_fw-la this_o diet_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o represent_v the_o king_n person_n and_o the_o other_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n 275._o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n when_o the_o king_n die_v the_o office_n of_o inter-rex_a come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o next_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lower_n poland_n which_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a though_o in_o nothing_o else_o yet_o however_o they_o may_v grant_v away_o their_o power_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o inter-regnum_n before_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n when_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n officiate_v during_o the_o whole_a interregnum_fw-la by_o a_o common_a consent_n of_o those_o bishop_n proceed_n 291._o some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o remain_v with_o they_o and_o to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n and_o deputy_n likewise_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o crown-treasure_n deposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o to_o take_v a_o inventory_n thereof_o which_o they_o be_v afterward_o to_o report_v to_o the_o diet._n this_o treasure_n be_v common_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o eight_o senator_n who_o be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o cracovia_n posnania_n vilna_n sendomir_n kalisch_n and_o troki_n together_o with_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a seal_n and_o key_n and_o therefore_o none_o to_o act_v without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o also_o commissioner_n be_v send_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o king_n crown-revenue_n which_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o make_v their_o report_n of_o during_o this_o session_n and_o till_o a_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n 306._o claim_v the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a from_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o crown_v head_n although_o hautaville_n say_v he_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o this_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v not_o falute_v they_o with_o that_o title_n but_o only_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o dear_a and_o well_o belove_a friend_n and_o ally_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n two_o whilst_o this_o diet_n sit_v which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o fortnight_n without_o prorogation_n and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o circular_a letter_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v except_o only_o that_o of_o the_o marshal_n which_o continue_v as_o before_o and_o a_o court_n establish_v to_o prevent_v disorder_n in_o the_o diet._n as_o for_o all_o private_a affair_n and_o suit_n of_o law_n they_o be_v delay_v till_o after_o the_o new_a king_n coronation_n the_o proceed_n in_o this_o diet_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o in_o other_o diet_n occasion_n most_o crown_v head_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n send_v ambassador_n to_o this_o election_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n the_o pope_n also_o always_o send_v his_o nuncio_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v fall_v upon_o a_o profess_a catholic_n and_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o emperor_n and_o french_a king_n always_o raise_v great_a faction_n to_o promote_v their_o several_a interest_n receive_v before_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v they_o be_v to_o send_v notice_n of_o their_o come_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v to_o appoint_v they_o lodging_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o to_o assign_v they_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n who_o business_n be_v rather_o to_o observe_v their_o conduct_n and_o to_o acquaint_v the_o diet_n therewith_o than_o to_o do_v they_o either_o any_o service_n or_o honour_n but_o however_o these_o rule_n be_v but_o seldom_o observe_v for_o prince_n ambassador_n now_o general_o live_v public_o at_o warsaw_n a_o gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a be_v still_o appoint_v to_o be_v always_o with_o they_o who_o chief_a business_n be_v to_o prevent_v their_o corrupt_v any_o with_o money_n but_o this_o precaution_n be_v notwithstanding_o now_o become_v useless_a since_o avarice_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o sway_n in_o poland_n that_o even_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v his_o country_n can_v withstand_v the_o charm_n of_o a_o thousand_o crown_n republic_n ambassador_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v from_o foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o master_n letter_n public_o read_v but_o also_o polish_v minister_n be_v send_v at_o this_o time_n from_o the_o republic_n to_o all_o neighbour_a state_n to_o answer_v their_o embassy_n and_o to_o request_v their_o amity_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o all_o ambassador_n or_o envoy_n who_o have_v have_v audience_n of_o leave_n before_o the_o late_a king_n death_n be_v desire_v to_o depart_v within_o eight_o day_n minister_n ambassador_n from_o foreign_a court_n must_v take_v especial_a care_n to_o secure_v the_o diet_n in_o general_n since_o the_o bare_a disoblige_v of_o one_o particular_a member_n may_v render_v they_o for_o ever_o incapable_a of_o bring_v their_o design_n about_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n where_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v be_v the_o quarrel_n with_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n nevertheless_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o that_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a the_o nobility_n have_v not_o their_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n than_o primate_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o though_o he_o know_v that_o the_o republic_n at_o that_o juncture_n have_v need_n of_o both_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a king_n neither_o of_o which_o that_o prince_n can_v in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o be_v he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n for_o he_o to_o impose_v on_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o who_o have_v always_o show_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n diet_n after_o the_o diet_n of_o convocation_n end_v the_o nuncios_fw-la and_o deputy_n retire_v to_o their_o several_a country_n where_o they_o acquaint_v the_o gentry_n be_v a_o second_o time_n assemble_v in_o their_o little_a diet_n of_o the_o proceed_n in_o this_o general_a convocation_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o day_n assign_v for_o the_o election_n whereupon_o the_o gentry_n immediate_o begin_v to_o consult_v about_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n and_o they_o proceed_v to_o choose_v new_a deputy_n in_o prussia_n the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n be_v sole_a lord_n lieutenant_n summon_v all_o these_o little_a diet_n by_o his_o mandate_n election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v former_o hold_v at_o petricovia_n but_o since_o the_o join_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o a_o open_a field_n half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n and_o near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la and_o be_v not_o to_o continue_v by_o the_o law_n above_o six_o week_n the_o crown-treasurer_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o republic_n build_v there_o a_o large_a booth_n or_o hall_n with_o board_n not_o unlike_a booth_n in_o our_o bartholomew_n fair_a the_o name_n the_o pole_n give_v to_o this_o place_n be_v 295._o szopa_n signify_v a_o cover_a room_n against_o the_o injury_n of_o wether_n it_o have_v but_o three_o door_n to_o go_v in_o at_o and_o they_o fortify_v it_o round_o with_o a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n when_o this_o place_n be_v thus_o finish_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a officer_n and_o the_o day_n fix_v for_o the_o diet_n convening_n be_v arrive_v the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n go_v in_o great_a order_n to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n where_o they_o pray_v god_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o quality_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o protect_v the_o republic_n then_o they_o go_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o queen_n dowager_n to_o condole_v the_o death_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n her_o husband_n the_o primate_n speak_v for_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o last_o nuncio-marshal_n for_o the_o deputy_n who_o be_v then_o answer_v in_o the_o queen_n
have_v one_o very_o great_a grievance_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o pospolite_n ruszanie_n or_o general_n muster_v of_o the_o militia_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n privilege_n how_o the_o polish_v gentry_n come_v by_o all_o these_o privilege_n it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o improper_a to_o inquire_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o former_o they_o be_v not_o much_o better_a than_o slave_n for_o to_o pass_v by_o many_o other_o example_n cromerus_n say_v they_o be_v once_o oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o king_n dog_n the_o first_o glimpse_n of_o their_o liberty_n may_v reasonable_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o privilege_n grant_v the_o clergy_n by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o afterward_o when_o poland_n begin_v to_o be_v harass_v by_o civil_a war_n the_o gentry_n obtain_v many_o large_a privilege_n from_o their_o king_n and_o which_o they_o have_v since_o always_o take_v care_n to_o get_v augment_v at_o every_o new_a election_n honour_n all_o the_o 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and_o undervalue_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentry_n that_o scarce_o any_o one_o afterward_o care_v for_o that_o upstart_a honour_n whereupon_o that_o order_n soon_o dwindle_v into_o nothing_o the_o pole_n have_v a_o proverb_n to_o prove_v their_o equality_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v measure_v like_o a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n that_o be_v whenever_o any_o one_o pretend_v to_o rise_v but_o a_o grain_n above_o the_o level_n he_o be_v immediate_o strike_v off_o and_o ridicule_v poland_n there_o be_v some_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n that_o have_v have_v dutchy_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v to_o their_o estate_n as_o duke_n radzivil_n in_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n but_o there_o be_v no_o dutchy_n or_o county_n create_v by_o the_o king_n travel_v though_o the_o pole_n in_o their_o own_o country_n have_v no_o honorary_a title_n above_o a_o gentleman_n yet_o several_a have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v usurp_v they_o when_o they_o have_v travel_v into_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n for_o they_o there_o frequent_o assume_v those_o of_o count_n to_o themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o german_n in_o foreign_a country_n do_v those_o of_o baron_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o monsieur_n le_fw-fr conte_n malakowski_n il_fw-fr signior_n conde_n potoski_n mynheer_n graff_n jablonowski_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o they_o do_v to_o be_v the_o more_o easy_o admit_v into_o company_n especial_o in_o germany_n where_o it_o be_v scarce_o think_v that_o any_o body_n can_v be_v a_o gentleman_n under_o a_o baron_n and_o consequent_o not_o fit_a for_o conversation_n dr._n connor_n likewise_o say_v he_o have_v know_v some_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n in_o these_o country_n that_o have_v not_o scrupule_v to_o call_v themselves_o lord_n to_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a respect_n since_o they_o see_v that_o the_o title_n of_o gentleman_n alone_o be_v not_o regard_v there_o gentry_n the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n make_v and_o defend_v their_o own_o law_n and_o liberty_n elect_v their_o king_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o freedom_n give_v he_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n appoint_v minister_n to_o counsel_n and_o instruct_v he_o and_o their_o number_n far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o senate_n they_o easy_o keep_v the_o king_n and_o senator_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o threaten_v both_o very_a often_o especial_o in_o the_o diet_n where_o each_o member_n have_v a_o liberty_n to_o speak_v what_o he_o think_v and_o to_o think_v what_o he_o please_v it_o be_v they_o that_o despute_v the_o nuncios_fw-la out_o of_o themselves_o for_o every_o province_n to_o meet_v and_o sit_v in_o the_o general_n diet_n with_o full_a instruction_n and_o absolute_a power_n not_o to_o consent_v to_o any_o proceed_n which_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o entrench_v on_o their_o privilege_n or_o if_o such_o deputy_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v bribe_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o their_o instruction_n then_o have_v the_o gentry_n of_o the_o province_n whence_o they_o 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diet_n with_o above_o ten_o thousand_o men._n they_o esteem_v themselves_o not_o only_o equal_a but_o also_o above_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n especial_o such_o among_o they_o as_o be_v senator_n it_o be_v certain_a they_o want_v nothing_o to_o be_v as_o so_o many_o sovereign_a prince_n except_o the_o liberty_n of_o coin_v money_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v reserve_v whole_o to_o itself_o the_o doctor_n say_v he_o have_v no_o where_o see_v subject_n live_v with_o such_o excessive_a grandeur_n and_o splendour_n for_o these_o great_a man_n when_o they_o go_v to_o dinner_n or_o supper_n have_v always_o their_o trumpet_n sound_v and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o gentry_n to_o wait_v on_o they_o at_o table_n some_o whereof_o carve_v some_o give_v to_o drink_v other_o reach_v plate_n and_o all_o serve_v with_o extraordinary_a respect_n and_o submission_n for_o though_o all_o the_o gentry_n in_o poland_n be_v equal_a and_o have_v all_o their_o free_a vote_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o
with_o a_o pole-axe_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o a_o sabre_n by_o their_o side_n which_o they_o never_o put_v off_o but_o when_o they_o go_v to_o bed_n this_o sabre_n hang_v by_o a_o strap_n of_o leather_n to_o which_o be_v also_o fasten_v a_o hankercheif_n a_o knife_n and_o sheath_n and_o a_o small_a stone_n set_v in_o silver_n to_o whet_v their_o knife_n upon_o they_o wash_v their_o face_n and_o neck_n every_o morning_n in_o cold-water_n and_o the_o father_n be_v accustom_a to_o make_v their_o child_n to_o wash_v themselves_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v stir_v even_o in_o the_o sharp_a wether_n character_n the_o pole_n be_v general_o open-hearted_n and_o honest_a as_o boterus_n observe_v in_o his_o relation_n more_o apt_a to_o be_v deceive_v than_o to_o deceive_v and_o not_o so_o easy_o provoke_v as_o appease_v they_o be_v likewise_o for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o dutiful_a to_o their_o magistrate_n and_o courteous_a and_o hospitable_a to_o stranger_n which_o last_o they_o will_v not_o only_o invite_v to_o their_o house_n and_o free_o converse_v with_o but_o also_o endeavour_v to_o imitate_v i_o have_v know_v some_o say_v hauteville_n that_o have_v entertain_v french_a man_n italian_n and_o german_n who_o they_o do_v not_o know_v mere_o because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o employment_n learning_n from_o their_o green_a year_n they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o letter_n yet_o which_o general_o speak_v seldom_o extend_v much_o beyond_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o latin_a and_o their_o own_o language_n although_o they_o have_v not_o however_o all_o along_o want_v for_o famous_a mathematician_n historian_n orator_n philosopher_n and_o poet_n as_o likewise_o for_o learned_a physician_n lawyer_n and_o divine_n some_o of_o which_o have_v illustrate_v both_o the_o church_n and_o their_o native_a country_n with_o their_o write_n and_o doubtless_o the_o learned_a will_v have_v be_v oblige_v to_o more_o of_o their_o nation_n have_v not_o their_o work_n perish_v for_o want_n of_o print_v which_o art_n have_v be_v but_o late_o receive_v among_o they_o your_o lordship_n will_v find_v no_o people_n with_o who_o you_o may_v more_o general_o converse_v in_o latin_a and_o where_o all_o record_n be_v write_v in_o that_o language_n the_o woman_n also_o learn_v latin_a in_o the_o nunnery_n themselves_o the_o adult_n among_o the_o plebeian_n general_o addict_v themselves_o the_o man_n to_o trade_n or_o agriculture_n and_o the_o woman_n to_o good_a housewifry_n the_o gentry_n also_o apply_v themselves_o to_o serve_v the_o church_n or_o state_n yet_o both_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n be_v often_o give_v to_o travel_v and_o easy_o imbibe_n the_o idiom_n of_o foreign_a nation_n their_o part_n be_v sprightly_a and_o active_a yet_o nevertheless_o more_o apt_a for_o imitation_n than_o invention_n former_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o much_o give_v to_o traffic_n but_o now_o by_o the_o example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n who_o come_v to_o trade_n among_o they_o they_o strive_v to_o outvie_v each_o other_o in_o riches_n and_o covetousness_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o love_v to_o make_v a_o show_n and_o will_v appear_v very_o splendid_a upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n character_n for_o the_o worst_a part_n of_o their_o character_n we_o must_v observe_v with_o barclay_n that_o they_o run_v mad_a after_o liberty_n and_o rather_o drive_v than_o invite_v their_o king_n to_o observe_v their_o law_n they_o not_o only_o hate_v the_o name_n of_o slavery_n but_o likewise_o abhor_v a_o just_a and_o hereditary_a monarchy_n the_o gentry_n claim_v prerogative_n that_o will_v scarce_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o crime_n and_o whenever_o they_o happen_v to_o acknowledge_v any_o such_o the_o prince_n have_v seldom_o a_o power_n to_o punish_v it_o they_o be_v not_o only_o licentious_a in_o their_o moral_n and_o a_o civil_a life_n but_o likewise_o in_o religion_n and_o sacred_a observance_n for_o without_o fear_n of_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n they_o will_v both_o talk_v and_o act_n as_o they_o please_v against_o that_o function_n affirm_v themselves_o self-sufficient_a to_o be_v their_o own_o guide_n in_o those_o matter_n incline_v their_o genius_n incline_v they_o general_o to_o arm_n though_o they_o fall_v far_o short_a of_o their_o ancient_a glory_n by_o reason_n there_o be_v now_o so_o few_o public_a spirit_a person_n among_o they_o each_o have_v great_a regard_n to_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n and_o gain_n than_o either_o the_o honour_n or_o safety_n of_o his_o country_n nevertheless_o not_o all_o have_v be_v of_o this_o character_n for_o several_a of_o latter_a day_n have_v approve_v themselves_o worthy_a patriot_n and_o courageous_a defender_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v still_o good_a soldier_n provide_v there_o appear_v any_o money_n or_o other_o reward_n to_o push_v they_o on_o hardship_n it_o be_v probable_a they_o will_v be_v almost_o invincible_a be_v they_o but_o well_o discipline_v for_o they_o be_v so_o inure_v to_o hardship_n that_o they_o look_v upon_o even_o the_o german_n to_o be_v a_o effeminate_a sort_n of_o people_n not_o fit_v to_o support_v the_o fatigue_n of_o war_n and_o the_o rigour_n of_o wether_n the_o polish_v army_n have_v be_v know_v to_o lie_v encamp_v in_o the_o snow_n which_o it_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1663._o for_o king_n casimir_n set_v forth_o from_o leopol_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o september_n and_o do_v not_o return_v from_o the_o frontier_n of_o moscovy_n till_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v money_n the_o pole_n be_v so_o very_o greedy_a of_o money_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n they_o will_v refuse_v to_o obtain_v it_o but_o when_o they_o have_v once_o get_v it_o though_o they_o borrow_v it_o they_o never_o think_v of_o payment_n or_o restitution_n nay_o they_o will_v laugh_v at_o such_o as_o demand_v it_o of_o they_o bid_v they_o go_v use_v the_o same_o mean_n as_o they_o do_v to_o get_v it_o this_o one_o will_v think_v shall_v altogether_o interrupt_v commerce_n and_o trade_n therefore_o it_o will_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o inform_v your_o lordship_n how_o they_o lend_v and_o borrow_v in_o poland_n borrow_v it_o must_v first_o be_v observe_v that_o bond_n and_o obligation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n there_o for_o when_o the_o gentleman_n borrow_v of_o one_o another_o they_o mortgage_n their_o land_n or_o village_n and_o when_o they_o borrow_v of_o the_o tradesman_n or_o merchant_n they_o always_o leave_v pledge_n and_o beside_o pay_v 14_o per_fw-la cent._n which_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o provide_v the_o sum_n so_o borrow_a be_v not_o pay_v within_o a_o time_n prescribe_v then_o be_v the_o creditor_n at_o liberty_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o pledge_n without_o any_o account_n to_o be_v give_v figure_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o the_o pole_n love_v to_o make_v a_o show_n keep_v a_o multitude_n of_o servant_n and_o great_a store_n of_o horse_n and_o arm_n for_o that_o purpose_n but_o more_o especial_o they_o affect_v to_o go_v splendid_o clothe_v yet_o still_o rather_o according_a to_o their_o several_a condition_n than_o quality_n they_o have_v former_o delight_v much_o in_o foreign_a modes_n and_o their_o soldier_n have_v be_v the_o first_o introducer_n of_o their_o fashion_n for_o example_n when_o they_o have_v war_n with_o the_o moscovite_n according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o that_o country_n they_o wear_v large_a long_a gown_n line_v throughout_o with_o rich_a fur_n as_o likewise_o very_o broad-brimed_a and_o high-crowned_a hat_n afterward_o when_o they_o be_v engage_v against_o the_o turk_n in_o valachia_n they_o change_v their_o fashion_n to_o the_o turkish_a and_o tartarian_a habit_n and_o after_o that_o to_o the_o suedish_n and_o german_a modes_n when_o they_o be_v in_o war_n with_o the_o suede_n in_o prussia_n fashion_n their_o present_a fashion_n be_v a_o vest_n that_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o leg_n with_o a_o long_a robe_n not_o unlike_o our_o morning_n gown_n line_v with_o furr_n and_o tie_v about_o their_o waste_v with_o a_o sash_n little_a boot_n with_o iron_n heel_n on_o their_o leg_n and_o fur_v cap_n upon_o their_o head_n with_o a_o sabre_n or_o cutlace_n gird_v about_o their_o loin_n when_o they_o appear_v on_o horseback_n which_o be_v one_o of_o their_o chief_a delight_n they_o wear_v beside_o all_o that_o have_v be_v mention_v a_o short_a cloak_n that_o hang_v over_o their_o shoulder_n much_o like_o a_o irish_a mantle_n which_o be_v most_o common_o fur_v within_o and_o without_o use_v the_o better_a that_o be_v the_o rich_a sort_v make_v use_n of_o the_o fur_n of_o sable_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o moscovy_n when_o the_o other_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o skin_n of_o tiger_n leopard_n panther_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o grey_a fur_n some_o of_o the_o fine_a of_o these_o fur_n cost_v above_o a_o thousand_o
declare_v war_n against_o any_o prince_n bring_v any_o foreign_a troop_n into_o the_o kingdom_n suffer_v no_o soldier_n to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o levy_v any_o new_a troop_n 6._o that_o all_o the_o field-officer_n shall_v be_v either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o at_o least_o native_n of_o such_o province_n as_o depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n shall_v be_v likewise_o either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n that_o their_o colonel_n or_o chief_a commander_n shall_v be_v a_o polish_v nobleman_n and_o who_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n in_o general_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n 8._o that_o as_o to_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o republic_n he_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o his_o privy-seal_n 9_o that_o in_o six_o week_n after_o any_o charge_n or_o office_n vacant_a he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o bestow_v it_o on_o some_o worthy_a and_o well_o qualify_v polish_v gentleman_n and_o on_o no_o other_o 10._o that_o he_o will_v not_o confer_v on_o any_o one_o person_n the_o office_n benefice_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prescribe_v to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o more_o 11._o that_o he_o will_v not_o marry_v but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o shall_v assign_v his_o queen_n that_o retinue_n only_o which_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o convenient_a violate_v this_o article_n king_n michael_n break_v when_o he_o marry_v eleonora_n the_o emperor_n sister_n without_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o afterward_o repent_v of_o for_o they_o murmur_v heavy_o against_o he_o and_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o tell_v he_o to_o his_o face_n that_o he_o have_v violate_v his_o coronation-oath_n likewise_o when_o prince_n james_n the_o late_a king_n son_n marry_v the_o princess_n of_o newbourg_n the_o senate_n procure_v the_o king_n to_o send_v his_o own_o guard_n that_o no_o german_a guard_n may_v come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n 12._o that_o together_o with_o his_o council_n he_o will_v regulate_v the_o number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v have_v no_o need_n of_o foreign_a troop_n nor_o be_v put_v to_o a_o unusual_a expense_n and_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n to_o preserve_v such_o good_a discipline_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v commit_v no_o disorder_n either_o in_o their_o quarter_n or_o their_o march_n 13._o that_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n to_o have_v a_o fleet_n that_o he_o shall_v build_v none_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n 14._o that_o he_o will_v no_o way_n diminish_v the_o treasure_n reposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n but_o will_v rather_o study_v to_o increase_v and_o augment_v it_o 15._o that_o he_o will_v borrow_v no_o money_n nor_o consent_n that_o any_o shall_v be_v borrow_a for_o his_o use_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n 16._o that_o he_o will_v always_o administer_v justice_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n which_o attend_v he_o 17._o that_o for_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o table_n he_o shall_v be_v content_v with_o those_o revenue_n that_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o moreover_o that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o only_o for_o life_n 18._o that_o he_o shall_v not_o introduce_v any_o stranger_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o quality_n soever_o into_o his_o council_n and_o that_o he_o will_v bestow_v no_o office_n dignity_n or_o government_n upon_o they_o 19_o that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o dignity_n he_o will_v not_o diminish_v or_o abrogate_v any_o of_o the_o office_n at_o his_o disposal_n either_o in_o the_o republic_n or_o court_n 20._o and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v inviolable_o keep_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o confirm_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunites_n and_o privilege_n lawful_o grant_v by_o former_a king_n either_o to_o the_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o to_o any_o of_o the_o province_n which_o depend_v upon_o either_o of_o those_o two_o nation_n article_n to_o these_o article_n they_o common_o add_v several_a other_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n elect_v king_n dr._n connor_n say_v when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n he_o hear_v the_o pole_n say_v that_o at_o the_o next_o election_n they_o will_v make_v a_o law_n by_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v always_o at_o warsaw_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o reason_n that_o make_v they_o think_v of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o late_a king_n almost_o always_o have_v a_o ambulatory_a court_n have_v no_o certain_a or_o fix_a residence_n or_o abide_v for_o sometime_o he_o live_v on_o his_o own_o estate_n in_o prussia_n and_o sometime_o in_o russia_n at_o zolkiew_n and_o so_o ramble_v about_o from_o one_o country_n palace_n to_o another_o where_o oftentimes_o the_o courtier_n ambassador_n or_o several_a gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v force_v to_o follow_v he_o about_o business_n find_v but_o very_o indifferent_a lodging_n and_o entertainment_n it_o may_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o at_o new_a election_n they_o always_o make_v some_o new_a constitution_n or_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o abridge_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n swear_v the_o formality_n which_o they_o use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v as_o follow_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n carry_v these_o article_n before_o the_o king_n after_o mass_n and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o great_a altar_n his_o majesty_n repeat_v after_o the_o chancellor_n these_o word_n oath_n we_o frederick_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n do_v promise_n to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n that_o we_o will_v observe_v maintain_v and_o fulfil_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n between_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o say_a ambassador_n and_o that_o we_o will_v moreover_o perform_v the_o same_o in_o all_o rigour_n vigour_n point_n article_n clause_n and_o condition_n therein_o contain_v all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n election_n when_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n present_v he_o with_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o pole_n make_v use_v of_o these_o precaution_n in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n by_o reason_n that_o if_o they_o at_o any_o time_n act_v contrary_a to_o what_o they_o have_v promise_v they_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o remonstrate_v to_o they_o and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o duty_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n election_n to_o that_o of_o his_o coronation_n the_o great_a or_o petty_a marshal_n do_v not_o carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o that_o when_o he_o issue_v out_o any_o order_n or_o proclamation_n he_o assume_v only_o the_o character_n of_o king-elect_a and_o that_o nothing_o can_v then_o be_v seal_v but_o by_o the_o signet_n successor_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o describe_v the_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n i_o may_v here_o reasonable_o insert_v something_o concern_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o repugnant_a to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a monarchy_n yet_o a_o father_n will_v have_v always_o that_o respect_n for_o his_o child_n that_o he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o get_v he_o to_o succeed_v he_o even_o while_o he_o live_v so_o sigismond_n ii_o be_v name_v king_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o father_n sigismond_n i._n but_o still_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o the_o government_n so_o long_o as_o his_o father_n live_v but_o sigismond_n ii_o being_n dead_a the_o diet_n after_o have_v inspect_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n decree_v that_o
there_o shall_v be_v no_o successor_n name_v for_o the_o future_a while_o the_o predecessor_n survive_v this_o constitution_n stephen_n bateri_n will_v have_v invade_v but_o the_o republic_n oppose_v he_o so_o vigorous_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n it_o all_o christian_a prince_n have_v a_o feasible_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o each_o of_o they_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n since_o they_o will_v thereby_o absolute_o be_v exclude_v from_o it_o this_o occasion_v the_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o where_o john_n casimir_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o propose_v a_o prince_n to_o succeed_v he_o wherefore_o in_o conjunction_n with_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenbourg_n lisola_n raise_v faction_n in_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n insomuch_o that_o they_o quick_o overthrow_v king_n casimir_n design_n and_o cause_v the_o diet_n to_o confirm_v the_o former_a constitution_n against_o elect_v of_o a_o successor_n several_a of_o the_o lithuanian_a gentry_n have_v the_o same_o intention_n with_o john_n casimir_n but_o however_o with_o these_o follow_a precaution_n first_o that_o such_o a_o successor_n shall_v be_v elect_v a_o new_a after_o the_o king_n death_n second_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n three_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piasto_n or_o native_a four_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v a_o emperor_n king_n nor_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o another_o country_n five_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n six_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a and_o seven_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v election_n no_o doubt_n the_o design_n of_o king_n casimir_n and_o of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v good_a for_o they_o have_v thereby_o a_o mind_n to_o secure_v the_o government_n from_o those_o division_n and_o intestine_a jar_n which_o common_o happen_v in_o interregnum_n but_o those_o who_o oppose_v they_o affirm_v that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n will_v undoubted_o soon_o introduce_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n whatever_o care_n they_o can_v take_v to_o prevent_v it_o that_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o elect_a a_o soccessor_n in_o the_o king_n life_n time_n and_o that_o if_o the_o republic_n consent_v to_o it_o they_o will_v be_v no_o long_o at_o liberty_n to_o oppose_v it_o that_o it_o will_v moreover_o be_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o several_a prince_n who_o all_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n which_o will_v therefore_o infallible_o embroil_v it_o in_o new_a trouble_n when_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o that_o crown_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n these_o be_v the_o several_a reason_n offer_v by_o the_o two_o party_n the_o last_o whereof_o as_o i_o say_v before_o get_v the_o better_a crown_v till_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v crown_v he_o have_v real_o no_o 331._o regal_a authority_n for_o he_o can_v bestow_v no_o benefice_n give_v no_o office_n nor_o pardon_v any_o offence_n neither_o can_v he_o make_v use_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n nor_o set_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n a_o go_v which_o be_v always_o silence_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la till_o he_o have_v take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n coronation_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king-elect_a to_o appoint_v a_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n which_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v at_o 185._o gnesna_n till_o the_o coronation_n of_o vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v solemnize_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o where_o it_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o will_v needs_o crown_v his_o queen_n caecilia_n renata_n at_o warsaw_n but_o which_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o excessive_a murmur_n of_o the_o gentry_n ceremony_n the_o day_n of_o coronation_n be_v arrive_v the_o king_n make_v his_o solemn_a entry_n into_o cracow_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o acclamation_n the_o scabin_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v the_o day_n over_o he_o precede_v by_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o foot-guard_n with_o their_o officer_n immediate_o after_o the_o king_n follow_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o foreign_a ambassador_n on_o horseback_n just_o before_o the_o king_n ride_v a_o officer_n who_o throw_v some_o coronation_n medal_n among_o the_o people_n but_o which_o seldom_o amount_v to_o any_o great_a sum._n thus_o attend_v his_o majesty_n be_v conduct_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n have_v first_o receive_v the_o key_n of_o the_o city_n from_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o first_o gate_n thereof_o and_o pass_v under_o several_a triumphal_a arch_n with_o motto_n of_o various_a invention_n at_o the_o castle-gate_n he_o have_v the_o key_n of_o that_o important_a place_n also_o present_v he_o with_o a_o solemn_a harangue_n by_o the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o banquet_v and_o feast_n procession_n 525._o the_o day_n follow_v be_v that_o which_o precede_v the_o coronation_n the_o obsequy_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n be_v to_o be_v celebrate_v when_o they_o carry_v his_o body_n to_o schalka_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n 336._o the_o order_n of_o procession_n be_v this_o first_o the_o new_a king_n march_v on_o foot_n then_o follow_v all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n the_o ensign_n with_o the_o standard_n of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o last_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n and_o other_o regalia_z be_v carry_v before_o the_o corpse_n point_v towards_o the_o ground_n after_o these_o come_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o gentry_n and_o next_o after_o they_o march_v the_o several_a company_n of_o trade_n barefooted_a belong_v both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o court_n each_o have_v a_o empty_a coffin_n and_o pall_n bear_v before_o they_o on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o two_o men._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o that_o assist_v at_o this_o procession_n must_v be_v in_o mourn_v interment_n at_o the_o place_n of_o interment_n the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n against_o the_o king_n tomb_n and_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n be_v discharge_v of_o their_o authority_n several_a way_n after_o which_o the_o body_n be_v inter_v in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v all_o bury_v there_o i_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o the_o myter_v clergy_n general_o march_v about_o the_o corpse_n perform_v the_o day_n after_o the_o funeral_n be_v assign_v for_o the_o coronation_n the_o ceremony_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o that_o office_n be_v once_o 63._o dispute_v with_o he_o by_o sâ—igneius_n olesnicius_n as_o be_v both_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cardinal_n at_o the_o same_o time_n yet_o nevertheless_o casimir_n iv._o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o alexander_n 95._o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o primate_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o refractory_a that_o right_o devolve_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o upon_o his_o obstinacy_n absence_n or_o death_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n the_o two_o bishop_n that_o assist_v at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n coronation_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o procession_n when_o the_o king_n go_v to_o be_v crown_v be_v order_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n but_o before_o his_o majesty_n stir_v out_o he_o be_v habit_v after_o a_o very_a splendid_a manner_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o cathedral_n by_o the_o senator_n foreign_a ambassador_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o gentry_n coronation_n before_o he_o enter_v the_o church_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n bring_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n and_o naked_a sword_n to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o place_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o altar_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n have_v receive_v the_o king_n they_o hold_v he_o under_o each_o arm_n and_o present_v he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o bow_n coronation_n i_o imagine_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o this_o ceremony_n may_v neither_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n nor_o the_o public_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a describe_v all_o the_o most_o remarkable_a circumstance_n thereof_o as_o