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authority_n among_o the_o people_n in_o all_o government_n nor_o have_v this_o nation_n in_o particular_a since_o the_o time_n perhaps_o of_o civilis_n ever_o be_v without_o some_o head_n under_o some_o title_n or_o other_o but_o always_o a_o head_n subordinate_a to_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o first_o constitution_n of_o this_o government_n after_o the_o revolt_n from_o spain_n all_o the_o power_n and_o right_n of_o prince_n william_n of_o orange_n as_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v careful_o reserve_v but_o those_o which_o remain_v inherent_a in_o the_o sovereign_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o states-general_n so_o as_o in_o they_o remain_v the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n and_o all_o foreign_a alliance_n and_o of_o raise_v and_o coin_v of_o money_n in_o the_o prince_n the_o command_n
best_a native_a commodity_n and_o the_o other_o drain_v all_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o west-indies_n by_o all_o this_o account_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o riches_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o some_o of_o our_o maxim_n be_v not_o so_o certain_a as_o they_o be_v current_n in_o our_o common_a politic_n as_o first_o that_o example_n and_o encouragement_n of_o excess_n and_o luxury_n if_o employ_v in_o the_o consumption_n of_o native_a commodity_n be_v of_o advantage_n to_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v so_o to_o that_o which_o impoverish_v but_o be_v not_o to_o that_o which_o enrich_v a_o country_n and_o be_v indeed_o less_o prejudicial_a if_o it_o lie_v in_o native_a than_o in_o foreign_a ware_n but_o the_o custom_n or_o humour_n of_o luxury_n and_o expense_n can_v stop_v at_o certain_a bound_n what_o begin_v in_o native_a will_v proceed_v in_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o though_o the_o example_n arise_v among_o idle_a person_n yet_o the_o imitation_n will_v run_v into_o all_o degree_n 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they_o be_v and_o the_o security_n will_v be_v great_a than_o now_o it_o be_v the_o last_o i_o will_v mention_v be_v of_o another_o vein_n that_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v make_v sovereign_a of_o their_o country_n though_o by_o foreign_a arm_n he_o will_v be_v a_o great_a prince_n because_o this_o now_o appear_v to_o be_v so_o great_a a_o state_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o province_n will_v soon_o become_v a_o very_a mean_a country_n for_o such_o a_o power_n must_v be_v maintain_v by_o force_n as_o it_o will_v be_v acquire_v and_o as_o indeed_o all_o absolute_a dominion_n must_v be_v in_o those_o province_n this_o will_v raise_v general_a discontent_n and_o those_o perpetual_a sedition_n among_o the_o town_n which_o will_v change_v the_o order_n of_o the_o country_n endanger_v the_o property_n of_o private_a man_n and_o shake_v the_o credit_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o government_n whenever_o this_o shall_v happen_v the_o people_n will_v scatter_v industry_n 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and_o england_n have_v more_o particular_o than_o ever_o before_o busy_v the_o thought_n and_o counsel_n of_o their_o several_a government_n as_o well_o as_o the_o humour_n of_o their_o people_n about_o the_o matter_n of_o trade_n nor_o have_v this_o happen_v without_o good_a degree_n of_o success_n though_o kingdom_n of_o such_o extent_n that_o have_v other_o and_o noble_a foundation_n of_o greatness_n can_v raise_v trade_n to_o such_o a_o pitch_n as_o this_o little_a state_n which_o have_v no_o other_o to_o build_v upon_o no_o more_o than_o a_o man_n who_o have_v a_o fair_a and_o plentiful_a estate_n can_v fall_v to_o labour_n and_o industry_n like_o one_o that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o trust_v to_o for_o the_o support_n of_o his_o life_n but_o however_o all_o these_o nation_n have_v come_v of_o late_a to_o share_v large_o with_o they_o and_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v grow_v too_o many_o trader_n for_o trade_n in_o the_o world_n so_o as_o they_o can_v hardly_o live_v one_o by_o another_o as_o in_o a_o great_a populous_a village_n the_o first_o grocer_n or_o mercer_n that_o set_v up_o among_o they_o grow_v present_o rich_a have_v all_o the_o custom_n till_o another_o encourage_v by_o his_o success_n come_v to_o set_v up_o by_o he_o and_o share_v in_o his_o gain_n at_o length_n so_o many_o fall_n to_o the_o trade_n that_o nothing_o be_v get_v by_o it_o and_o some_o must_v give_v over_o or_o all_o must_v break_v not_o many_o age_n past_a venice_n and_o florence_n possess_v all_o the_o trade_n of_o europe_n the_o last_o by_o their_o manufacture_n but_o the_o first_o by_o their_o ship_n and_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o persia_n and_o the_o indies_n who_o commodity_n be_v bring_v those_o by_o land_n and_o these_o by_o the_o arabian-sea_n to_o egypt_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v fetch_v by_o the_o
and_o bold_a army_n be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o torrent_n of_o a_o stubborn_a and_o enrage_a people_n which_o ever_o bear_v all_o down_o before_o it_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o different_a channel_n by_o art_n or_o by_o chance_n or_o till_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v the_o humour_n that_o feed_v it_o come_v to_o be_v spend_v or_o dry_v up_o of_o themselves_o the_o foreign_a force_n refuse_v to_o depart_v be_v declare_v rebel_n whereupon_o the_o spanish_a troop_n force_n and_o plunder_v several_a town_n and_o antwerp_n among_o the_o rest_n by_o advantage_n of_o the_o citadel_n with_o equal_a courage_n and_o avarice_n and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o several_a hold_n from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o state_n till_o don_n john_n arrival_n at_o luxenburgh_n the_o only_a town_n of_o the_o province_n where_o he_o think_v himself_o safe_a as_o not_o involve_v in_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o estate_n refuse_v to_o admit_v he_o without_o his_o accept_n and_o confirm_v the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n which_o at_o length_n he_o do_v by_o leave_n from_o the_o king_n and_o enter_v upon_o the_o government_n with_o the_o dismission_n of_o all_o foreign_a troop_n which_o return_v into_o italy_n but_o soon_o after_o don_n john_n whether_o out_o of_o indignation_n to_o see_v himself_o but_o a_o precarious_a governor_n without_o force_n or_o dependence_n or_o desire_v new_a occasion_n of_o fame_n by_o a_o war_n or_o instruct_v from_o spain_n upon_o new_a counsel_n he_o take_v the_o occasion_n of_o complement_a queen_n margaret_n upon_o her_o journey_n out_o of_o france_n to_o the_o spa_n and_o on_o a_o sudden_a seize_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o namur_n whereupon_o the_o province_n for_o the_o three_o time_n throw_v off_o their_o obedience_n call_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o brussels_n where_o he_o be_v make_v protector_n of_o brabant_n by_o the_o state_n of_o that_o province_n and_o preparation_n be_v make_v on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o war_n while_o spain_n be_v busy_a to_o form_v new_a army_n and_o draw_v they_o together_o in_o namur_n and_o luxenburgh_n the_o only_a province_n obedient_a to_o that_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n agree_v to_o elect_v a_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o and_o send_v to_o mathias_n the_o emperor_n brother_n to_o offer_v he_o the_o charge_n at_o this_o time_n begin_v to_o be_v form_v the_o malecontent-party_n in_o the_o low-countries_n which_o though_o agree_n with_o the_o rest_n in_o their_o hatred_n to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o law_n yet_o be_v not_o incline_v to_o shake_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o prince_n nor_o change_v their_o old_a and_o establish_a religion_n and_o these_o be_v head_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o areschot_n and_o several_a great_a man_n the_o more_o averse_a from_o a_o general_a defection_n by_o emulation_n or_o envy_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o greatness_n who_o be_v now_o grow_v to_o have_v all_o the_o influence_n and_o credit_n in_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o league_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o this_o party_n after_o don_n john_n sudden_a death_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n succeed_v he_o gainded_z strength_n and_o reputation_n upon_o his_o come_n to_o the_o government_n and_o a_o entrance_n upon_o that_o great_a scene_n of_o glory_n and_o victory_n which_o make_v both_o his_o person_n so_o renown_v and_o the_o time_n of_o his_o government_n signallize_v by_o so_o many_o sieges_n and_o battle_n and_o the_o reduction_n of_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o province_n to_o the_o subjection_n of_o spain_n upon_o the_o growth_n of_o this_o party_n and_o for_o distinction_n from_o they_o who_o pursue_v a_o middle_a and_o dangerous_a council_n be_v at_o length_n to_o become_v a_o accession_n to_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n the_o seven_o northern_a province_n meet_v by_o their_o deputy_n at_o utrecht_n in_o the_o year_n 1579_o frame_v that_o act_n or_o alliance_n which_o be_v ever_o after_o call_v the_o union_n of_o utrecht_n and_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n and_o frame_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n which_o have_v since_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o the_o world_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n this_o union_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o spaniard_n breach_n of_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n and_o new_a invasion_n of_o some_o town_n in_o gelderland_n and_o be_v not_o pretend_v to_o divide_v these_o province_n from_o the_o generality_n nor_o from_o the_o say_a pacification_n but_o to_o strengthen_v and_o pursue_v the_o end_n of_o it_o by_o more_o vigorous_a and_o unite_a counsel_n and_o arms._n the_o chief_a force_n of_o this_o union_n consist_v in_o these_o point_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o instrument_n itself_o the_o seven_o province_n unite_v themselves_o so_o as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o province_n and_o so_o as_o never_o to_o be_v divide_v by_o testament_n donation_n exchange_n sale_n or_o agreement_n reserve_v to_o each_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n all_o privilege_n right_n custom_n and_o statute_n in_o adjudge_v whereof_o or_o difference_n that_o shall_v arise_v between_o any_o of_o the_o province_n the_o rest_n shall_v not_o intermeddle_v further_o than_o to_o intercede_v towards_o a_o agreement_n they_o bind_v themselves_o to_o assist_v one_o another_o with_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o force_n and_o assault_v make_v upon_o any_o of_o they_o whether_o upon_o pretence_n of_o royal_a majesty_n of_o restore_a catholic_a religion_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o all_o frontier-town_n belong_v to_o the_o union_n if_o old_a to_o be_v fortify_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o province_n where_o they_o lie_v if_o new_a to_o be_v erect_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o generality_n all_o impost_n and_o custom_n from_o three_o month_n to_o three_o month_n to_o be_v offer_v to_o they_o that_o bid_v most_o and_o with_o the_o income_n of_o the_o royal_a majesty_n to_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o common_a defence_n all_o inhabitant_n to_o be_v list_a and_o train_v within_o a_o month_n from_o 18_o to_o 60_o year_n old_a peace_n and_o war_n not_o to_o be_v make_v without_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o province_n other_o case_n that_o concern_v the_o management_n of_o both_o by_o most_o voice_n difference_n that_o shall_v arise_v upon_o the_o first_o between_o the_o province_n to_o be_v submit_v to_o the_o stadtholder_n neighbouring-prince_n lord_n land_n and_o city_n to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o union_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o province_n for_o religion_n those_o of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n to_o act_v in_o it_o as_o seem_v good_a unto_o themselves_o the_o other_o province_n may_v regulate_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n establish_v by_o mathias_n or_o else_o as_o they_o shall_v judge_n to_o be_v most_o for_o the_o peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o their_o particular_a province_n provide_v every_o one_o remain_v free_a in_o his_o religion_n and_o no_o man_n be_v examine_v or_o entrap_v for_o that_o cause_n according_a to_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n in_o case_n of_o any_o dissension_n or_o difference_n between_o province_n if_o it_o concern_v one_o in_o particular_a it_o shall_v be_v accommodate_v by_o the_o other_o if_o it_o concern_v all_o in_o general_n by_o the_o stadtholder_n in_o both_o which_o case_n sentence_n to_o be_v pronounce_v within_o a_o month_n and_o without_o appeal_n or_o revision_n the_o state_n to_o be_v hold_v as_o have_v be_v former_o use_v and_o the_o mint_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o the_o province_n interpretation_n of_o these_o article_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o state_n but_o in_o case_n of_o their_o difference_n in_o the_o stadtholder_n they_o bind_v themselves_o to_o fall_v upon_o and_o imprison_v any_o that_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o these_o article_n in_o which_o case_n no_o privilege_n nor_o exemption_n to_o be_v valid_a this_o act_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o deputy_n of_o gelderland_n zutphen_n holland_n zealand_n utrecht_n and_o the_o omland_n of_o freeze_v jan._n 23_o 1579_o but_o be_v not_o sign_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n till_o may_n follow_v and_o with_o this_o signification_n judge_v that_o by_o the_o same_o the_o superiority_n and_o authority_n of_o archduke_n mathias_n be_v not_o lessen_v in_o the_o same_o year_n this_o union_n be_v enter_v and_o sign_v by_o the_o city_n of_o ghent_n nimmegue_n arnhem_n leewarden_n with_o some_o particular_a noble_n of_o frizeland_n venlo_n yper_n antwerp_n breda_n and_o bruges_n and_o thus_o these_o province_n become_v a_o commonwealth_n but_o in_o so_o low_a and_o uncertain_a a_o state_n of_o affair_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a motion_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n mind_n the_o different_a end_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o several_a party_n especial_o in_o the_o other_o province_n and_o the_o mighty_a power_n and_o preparation_n of_o
administer_v according_a to_o ancient_a form_n in_o the_o name_n of_o officer_n and_o place_n of_o judicature_n but_o money_n be_v levy_v by_o arbitrary_a resolution_n and_o proportion_n according_a to_o what_o appear_v convenient_a or_o necessary_a upon_o the_o change_n or_o emergency_n of_o occasion_n these_o senator_n be_v for_o their_o life_n and_o the_o senate_n be_v ancient_o choose_v by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o rich_a burgher_n or_o freeman_n of_o the_o city_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o senator_n meet_v together_o either_o in_o a_o church_n a_o market_n or_o some_o other_o place_n spacious_a enough_o to_o receive_v their_o number_n and_o there_o make_v a_o election_n of_o the_o person_n to_o succeed_v by_o the_o majority_n of_o voice_n but_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n ago_o when_o the_o town_n of_o holland_n begin_v to_o increase_v in_o circuit_n and_o in_o people_n so_o as_o these_o frequent_a assembly_n grow_v into_o danger_n of_o tumuit_fw-la and_o disorder_n upon_o every_o occasion_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o number_n and_o contention_n this_o election_n of_o senator_n come_v by_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o burgher_n in_o one_o of_o their_o general_a assembly_n to_o be_v devolve_v for_o ever_o upon_o the_o standing-senate_n at_o that_o time_n so_o as_o ever_o since_o when_o any_o one_o of_o their_o number_n die_v a_o new_a one_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o senate_n without_o any_o intervention_n of_o the_o other_o burgher_n which_o make_v the_o government_n a_o sort_n of_o oligarchy_n and_o very_o different_a from_o a_o popular_a government_n as_o it_o be_v general_o esteem_v by_o those_o who_o pass_v or_o live_v in_o these_o country_n content_v themselves_o with_o common_a observation_n or_o inquiry_n and_o this_o resolution_n of_o the_o burgher_n either_o be_v agree_v upon_o or_o follow_v by_o general_a consent_n or_o example_n about_o the_o same_o time_n in_o all_o the_o town_n of_o the_o province_n though_o with_o some_o difference_n in_o number_n of_o their_o senator_n by_o this_o senate_n be_v choose_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v the_o burgomaster_n and_o the_o eschevins_n the_o burgomaster_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v four_o whereof_o three_o be_v choose_v every_o year_n so_o as_o one_o of_o they_o stay_v in_o office_n two_o year_n but_o the_o three_o last_v choose_v be_v call_v the_o reigning-burgomaster_n for_o that_o year_n and_o preside_v by_o turn_n after_o the_o first_o three_o month_n for_o so_o long_o after_o a_o new_a election_n the_o burgomaster_n of_o the_o year_n before_o preside_v in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v suppose_v the_o new_a one_o will_v grow_v instruct_v in_o the_o form_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n and_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n affair_n the_o burgomaster_n be_v choose_v by_o most_o voice_n of_o all_o those_o person_n in_o the_o senate_n who_o have_v be_v either_o burgomaster_n or_o eschevins_n and_o their_o authority_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o alderman_n in_o our_o city_n they_o represent_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o government_n and_o do_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o city_n upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o dispose_v of_o all_o under-office_n that_o fall_v in_o their_o time_n and_o issue_n out_o all_o money_n out_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n or_o treasure_n judge_v alone_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o safety_n convenience_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o city_n they_o keep_v the_o key_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o amsterdam_n the_o common_a treasure_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n which_o be_v never_o open_v without_o the_o presence_n of_o one_o of_o they_o and_o they_o inspect_v and_o pursue_v all_o the_o great_a public_a work_n of_o the_o city_n as_o the_o rampart_n and_o stadt-house_n now_o almost_o finish_v with_o so_o great_a magnificence_n and_o so_o vast_a expense_n this_o office_n be_v a_o charge_n of_o the_o great_a trust_n authority_n and_o dignity_n and_o so_o much_o the_o great_a by_o not_o be_v of_o profit_n or_o advantage_n but_o only_o as_o a_o way_n to_o other_o constant_a employment_n in_o the_o city_n that_o be_v so_o the_o salary_n of_o a_o burgomaster_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v but_o five_o hundred_o gilder_n a_o year_n though_o there_o be_v office_n worth_a five_o thousand_o in_o their_o disposal_n but_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o know_v to_o have_v take_v money_n upon_o such_o occasion_n which_o will_v lose_v all_o their_o credit_n in_o the_o town_n and_o thereby_o their_o fortune_n by_o any_o public_a employment_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o no_o sort_n of_o expense_n more_o than_o ordinary_a modest_a citizen_n in_o their_o habit_n their_o attendance_n their_o table_n or_o any_o part_n of_o their_o own_o domestic_a they_o be_v upon_o all_o public_a occasion_n wait_v on_o by_o man_n in_o salary_n from_o the_o town_n and_o whatever_o feast_n they_o make_v upon_o solemn_a day_n or_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o any_o prince_n or_o foreign_a minister_n the_o charge_n be_v defray_v out_o of_o the_o common_a treasure_n but_o proportion_v by_o their_o own_o discretion_n at_o other_o time_n they_o appear_v in_o all_o place_n with_o the_o simplicity_n and_o modesty_n of_o other_o private_a citizen_n when_o the_o burgomaster_n office_n expire_v they_o be_v of_o course_n dispose_v into_o the_o other_o charge_n or_o employment_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v very_o many_o and_o beneficial_a unless_o they_o lose_v their_o credit_n with_o the_o senate_n by_o any_o want_n of_o diligence_n or_o fidelity_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o their_o office_n which_o seldom_o arrive_v the_o eschevins_n be_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o every_o town_n they_o be_v at_o amsterdam_n nine_o in_o number_n of_o which_o seven_o be_v choose_v annual_o but_o two_o of_o the_o precede_a year_n continue_v in_o office_n a_o double_a number_n be_v name_v by_o the_o senate_n out_o of_o which_o the_o burgomaster_n now_o choose_v as_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n do_v in_o the_o former_a constitution_n they_o be_v sovereign_a judge_n in_o all_o criminal_a cause_n in_o civil_a after_o a_o certain_a value_n there_o lie_v appeal_n to_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n of_o the_o province_n but_o they_o pass_v sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o no_o man_n without_o first_o advise_v with_o the_o burgomaster_n though_o after_o that_o form_n be_v past_a they_o proceed_v themselves_o and_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v the_o burgomaster_n opinion_n but_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o this_o be_v only_o a_o care_n or_o favour_n of_o supererogation_n to_o the_o life_n of_o man_n which_o be_v so_o soon_o cut_v off_o and_o never_o to_o be_v retrieve_v or_o make_v amends_o for_o under_o these_o sovereign_a magistrate_n the_o chief_a subordinate_a officer_n of_o the_o town_n be_v the_o treasurer_n who_o receive_v and_o issue_n out_o all_o money_n that_o be_v proper_o the_o revenue_n or_o stock_n of_o the_o city_n the_o 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