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A68182 The descrypcyon of Englonde Here foloweth a lytell treatyse the whiche treateth of the descrypcyon of this londe which of olde tyme was named Albyon and after Brytayne and now is called Englonde and speketh of the noblesse and worthynesse of the same; Polycronicon. English. Selections Higden, Ranulf, d. 1364.; Trevisa, John, d. 1402. 1498 (1498) STC 13440B; ESTC S116801 50,014 50

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or caue There is also a ponde that torneth tree in to yron yf it be therin a yere And so trees ben shapen in to whestones Also there is in the toppe of an hylle a buryels euery man that cometh and meteth that buryell he shall fynde it euen of his owne lengthe mesure And yf a pylgryme knele therto anone he shall be all fresshe and fele no gryef of werynes ¶ Gir. in top Faste by the mynster of Wynburney that is not ferre fro bathe is a wood that bereth moche fruyte yf the trees of that wood falle in to water or groūde that is neygh and lye there all a yere the trees tornen in to stones ¶ Gir in itinere Vnder the Cyte of Chestre renneth that Ryuer Dee that now departed Englonde and Wales That Ryuer chaunged euery moneth his fordes as men of the contree tellen leueth often the chanell but whether the water drawe more towarde Englonde or towarde Wales to what syde that it be that yere men of that syde haue the worst ende be ouersette And men of that other syde shall haue better ende and ben at theyr aboue Whan the water so chaūgeth his course hit bodeth suche happes This Ryuer Dee renneth and cometh out of a lake that heet Pymblemere In this Ryuer is grete plente of samon neuerthelesse in the lake is neuer samon founden ¶ Wilhel de re li. ij Take hede how grete lyght and bryghtnesse of goddes myldenesse hath be shewed vpon Englysshmen sythen they fyrste torned to ryght byleue So that of no men in one prouynce ben founden soo many hoole bodyes of men after her deth in lyknes of euerlastyngnes that shall be after the daye of dome as it well semeth in these holy sayntes As Edeldrede Edmonde the kyng Elphege Edgar Cutherd saynt Edwarde and many other I trowe that it be do by a specyall grace of god almyghty for the nacyon that is sette as it were without the worlde sholde take hede to buryenge of bodyes without corrupcyon and rotynge and ben the more bolde and stedfast for to trust on the fynall arysynge of deed bodyes for to laste euermore after the daye of dome ¶ Of the chyef partyes of the same londe ca. v. AFter the fyrst Brutes tyme the ylonde of Brytayne began for to haue the pryncypall partyes that ben Loegria Cambria that is Wales And Albania that is now Scotlonde Loegria hath that name of Locrinus that was Brutes oldest sone and heet Loegria as it were Locrinus londe but now Loegria is called Englonde The boūdes and merkes were therof some tyme the Frensshe see both by cest and by south ¶ Beda li. j. ca. ij And by north two armes of the see y t breketh ferre in to the londe eyther ayenst other But they reche not togyder the eest arme of tylke tweyne begȳneth about a two lytell myle fro the mynstre of Ebburcurynge In the west syde of Penulton in that arme is a towne that is called Guydy The west arme of thylke tweyne hath in the ryght syde a stronge Cyte that heet Aldiud whiche in her langage is called Clyn●stone and standeth vpon a Ryuer that is called Clynt also ¶ R. Some men wolde mene that Loegria endeth att Humbre stretcheth no ferther north warde The seconde partye of Brytayne is called Albania that is Scotlonde and hath that name of Albanactus Brutes sone and stretcheth fro the forsayd two armes of the see northwarde vnto the see of Norwaye Neuerthelesse the south partyes of Albama where as Pictes dwelled somtyme lyeth from the water of Twede vnto the Scottesshe see All that longed some tyme to the kyngdome of Northūberlonde Brenycon the north syde of Northumberlonde fro the fyrste tyme of Englysshe kynges to y t tyme wha● Kynadius kyng of Scotlonde that was Alpinus sone dyde awaye the Pictes and so Ioyned that con●ee to y ● kyngdome of Scotlonde The 〈◊〉 partye of Brytayne is Wales Wallia that heet Cambria also and hath that name Cambria of Camber Br●tes sone for he was prynce of Wales In the cest syde Seuarne departed some tyme bytwene Englonde and Wales But now in the north syde the Ryuer Dee at Chestre in the south the Ryuer that is named Vaga at the Castell of Strygelyn departeth Englonde and Wales Also kyng Offa for to haue a dystynceyon for euermore bytwene the kynges of Englond● of Wales made a longe dyche that strecheth forth out of the south syde by Brystowe vnder the bylles of Wales northwarde and passeth the Ryuers Seuarne and Dee all moost to the heedes and vnto the mouth of the ryuer Dee beyonde Chestre fast by the castell it renneth bytwene Colehylle the mynstre of Basyngwerk in to the see This dyche is yet in many places seen In saynt Edwardes tyme Walsshe men sholde not passe that dyche w c wepen vpon a grete payne And that was atte erle Haroldes procurynge as it shall be sayd here after But now in eyther sydes bothe ayonde half a this half the dyche specyally in the shyres of Chestre of Shrowesbury of Herforde in many places ben Englysshmen and Walsshmen medled togyders ¶ Of the Ylondes that ben therto adiacent ca. vj. BRytayne hath thre Ylondes y t ben nyghe longen therto all without the ylondes Orcades as it were answerynge to the thre chyef partyes of Brytayne For y eyle of Wyght longeth lyeth to Leogria that is Englonde The ylonde Mon that is called Angleseya also longeth to Wales And the ylonde Eubonia y t hath two other names is called Meneuia and Man also whiche longeth to Scotlonde And all these thre ylondes Wyght Mon Man ben almoost alyke moche of y e lyke quatyte of the whiche thre all a rewe now foloweth our speche ¶ Beda li. j. ca. iij. Claudius sente Vespasianus Vespasianus wanne Wyght and Wyght stretcheth out of the cest in to the west .xxx. myle longe And out of the south in to the north .xij. myle is in the eest syde .vj. myle fro the south clyf of Brytayne and 〈◊〉 myle in the west syde ¶ Beda li. 〈◊〉 ca. v. The mesure of this ylonde as Englysshmen gesse is a thousande housholdes two hondred ¶ Gir. in itinere Mon that is called Angleseya also is departed from northwales by a shorte arme of the see as it were two myle brode In Mon ben iij. hondred townes lxiij and ben accompted for candredes that ben iij. hondredes the ylonde is as it were .xxx. myle longe .xij. myle brode Candredus is so moche londe as cōteyneth an hondred townes that name candredus is made out of two langages of Brytysshe and of Irysshe In praysynge of this ylonde Walsshmen he wonte to saye a prouerbe an olde sawe Mon man kembry that is to saye in Englysshe that londe is so good that it semeth y t it wolde fynde corne ynough for all the men of Wales Therfore
amonge the shyres of Englonde it may stande amonge them wel ynough for it is neyther to Wales neyther in Scotlonde but it is in Englonde and is Ioyneth vnto deuenshyre and soo may ther ben acompted in Englonde .xxxvij. shyres and an half with the other shyres ¶ De legibus legūque vocabulis DVnwallo that heet Moliuncius also made fyrste lawes in Brytayne the whiche lawes were called Moliuncius lawes and were solempnely obserued vnto William conquerours tyme. Moliuncius ordeyned amonge his lawes that Cytees Temples and wayes that lede men therto and plowmen solowes sholde haue preuylege and fredome for to saue all men that wolde flee therto for socoure and refuge Thenne afterwarde Marcia quene of Brytons that was Gwytelinus wyf of her the prouynce hadde the name of Mercia as some man suppose She made a lawe full of ryght of wytte and of reason and was called merchene lawe ¶ Gyldas that wrote the Cronycles hystoryes of the Brytons torned these two lawes out of Bryton speche in to latyn And afterwarde kyng Aluredus torned all out of latyn in to Saxons speche and was called merchene lawe Also the same kyng Aluredus wrote in Englysshe and put to an other lawe that heet westsaxon lawe Thenne afterwarde Danes were lordes in this londe and so come forth the thyrde lawe that hete Danelawe Of these thre lawes saynt Edwarde the thyrde made one cōmune lawe that yet is called saynt Edwardes lawe I holde it well done to wryte here and expowne many termes of these lawes Myndebruche hurtynge of honour and worshypp In Frensshe bleschur dhōnour Burbruck in Frenssh bleschur de court ou de cloys Grithbruch brekynge of peas Myskennynge chaūgynge of speche in courte Shewynge settynge forth of marchaundyse in Frensshe disploier de marchandyse Hamsokne or Hamfare a rese made in hous Forstallynge wrōge or bette downe in the kynges hyghwaye Frythsoken surete in defence Sak forfayt Soka sute of court and therof cometh soken Theam sute of bondmen fyghtyng wyte Amersement for fyghtynge Blodewyte Mersemēt for shedynge of blood Flytwyte amendes for chydynge of blood Leyrwyte amendes for lyenge by a bond woman Gul●wyte amendes for trespas Scot●●●rynge to werke of bayllyes Hydage tayllage for hydes of londe Daneghelde tayllage gyuen to the Danes that was of euery bona taterre that is of euery oxe londe thre pens A wepentak and an hondred is all one For the countree of townes were wonte to gyue vp wepen in the comynge of a lorde Lestage custome chalenged in chepynges fayres and stallage custome for standynge in stretes in fayre tyme. ¶ Of kyngdoms of boundes markes bytwene them ca. xij THe kyngdome of Brytayne stode without departynge hole and all one kyngdome to the Brytons from the fyrst Brute vnto Iulius Cezars tyme and fro Iulius Cezars tyme vnto Seuerus tyme this londe was vnder trybute to the Romayns Netheles kynges they hadde of the same londe from Seuerus vnto the last prynce Gracyan successours of Brytons faylled and Romayns regned in Brytayne Afterwarde the Romayns lefte of her regnynge in Brytayne by cause it was ferre from Rome and for grete besynesse that they had in other syde Thenne Scottes and Pyctes by mysledynge of Maximus the tyraunt pursewed Brytayne and warred ther in with grete strengthe of men of armes longe tyme vnto the tyme that the Saxons come at the prayenge of the Brytons agaynst the Pyctes and put out Gurmonde the Irysshe kyng with his Pyctes and the Brytons also with her kyng that heet Careticus drofe hem out of Englonde in to Wales and so the Saxons were vyctours and euery prouynce after his strength made them a kyng And so departed Englonde in to seuen kyngdoms Netheles afterwarde these seuen kyngdomes euery after other come all in to one kyngdome all hoole vnder the prynce Adelstone Neuertheles the Danes pursewed this londe fro Adel wolfys tyme that was Aluredes fader vnto the thyrde saynt Edwardes tyme about hondred .lxx. yere that regned cōtynuelly therin After the Danes .xxx. yere the thyrde saynt Edwarde regned therin .xxiij. yere and a lytell more And after hym Haralde helde y e kyngdome .ix. monethes And after hym Normans haue regned vnto this tyme But how longe they shall regne he wote to whome no thynge is vnknowen ¶ R. Of the forsayd seuen kyngdomes and her markes meres boūdes whan they began and how longe they endured here shall I somwhat shortely telle ¶ Alfre The fyrst kyngdome was the kyngdome of Kente that stretcheth fro the eest Occean vnto the Ryuer of Tamyse There regned the fyrst Hengistus and began to regne by the acomptynge of Dyonyse the yere of our lorde four hondred .lv. that kyngdome dured thre hondred .lviij. yere vnder .xv. kynges vnto the tyme that Baldrede was put out and Egbert kyng of westsaxon Ioyned that kyngdome to his owne The seconde kyngdome was of southsaxon that had in the eest syde Kente in the south the see and the yle of Wyght in the west Hampshyre and in the north sothery there Ella regned fyrste with his thre sones and began to regne the yere after the comynge of the Angles euen .xxx. But that kyngdome within a shorte tyme passed in to the other kyngdomes The thyrde kyngdome was of eestsaxon and hadde in the eest syde the see in the west the countree of London in the south Tamyse and in the north southfolke The kynges of this countree of westsaxon fro the fyrste Sebertes tyme vnto the tyme of the Danes were there .x. kynges the whiche were subget somdele to other kynges Neuertheles oftest and lengest they were vnder the kynges of Mercia and vnto that tyme that Egbert the kyng of westsaxon Ioyned that kyngdome to his owne The fourthe kyngdome was of eest Angles and conteyneth Norffolke and Suffolke and hadde in the eest syde and in the north syde the see in the northwest Cambrygeshyre in the west saynt Edmondes dyche and Herfordshyre and in the south Estsex And this kyngdome dured vnder twelue kynges vnto the tyme that kyng Edmonde was slayne And thenne the Danes toke wrongfully bothe y ● kyngdoms of eest Angles and of Eestsaxon Afterwarde the Danes were put out and dryuen awaye or made subgette And thenne the elder kyng Edwarde Ioyned bothe the kyngdomes to his owne The fyfthe kyngdome was of Westsaxon and dured lengest of all these kyngdomes and hadde in the eest syde Southsaxon in the north Tamyse in the south and in the west the see Occean In that kyngdome regned Serdryk with his sone Kenryk and began to regne the yere of our lorde fyue hondred and .xix. and thenne after the comynge of Angels .lxxi. so sayth Denys the other kyngdoms passed in to this kyngdom The sixt kyngdome was of Mercia was grettest of all The markes the meres therof were in the west syde the Ryuer Dee fast by Chestre and Seuarne faste by Shrowesbury vnto Brystowe in the eest the eest see in the south Tamyse vnto London in the