teutonici_fw-la or_o the_o dutch_a knight_n though_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o order_n have_v this_o name_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o part_n consist_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n chief_o of_o german_n be_v call_v into_o prussia_n say_v some_o by_o the_o muscovite_n or_o as_o other_o send_v thither_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o they_o seat_v themselves_o at_o marienberg_n about_o the_o year_n 1340_o after_o a_o long_a engagement_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o the_o native_n under_o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n of_o their_o order_n sigefrid_n de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o casimir_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o last_o the_o order_n be_v surrender_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o thirtyfifth_a and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o thereupon_o create_v he_o duke_n of_o prussia_n such_o of_o the_o knight_n as_o 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consent_v with_o the_o greek_a church_n as_o they_o do_v still_o in_o most_o of_o their_o opinion_n and_o practice_n the_o great_a difference_n seem_v to_o be_v their_o rebaptisation_n whereof_o more_o by_o and_o by_o their_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o church_n till_o now_o of_o late_a i._n e._n by_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n whether_o they_o retain_v the_o lesser_a order_n as_o they_o be_v call_v i_o can_v find_v till_o of_o late_a the_o supreme_a officer_n in_o their_o church_n be_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o his_o clergy_n be_v ordain_v or_o consecrate_v by_o a_o commission_n from_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 1588._o there_o come_v to_o moskow_n one_o hieronymus_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n and_o to_o have_v be_v banish_v for_o i_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n by_o the_o turk_n other_o say_v that_o he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o own_o clergy_n for_o comply_v too_o much_o with_o the_o western_a church_n and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la he_o do_v endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v the_o russes_z to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o which_o purpose_n ant._n possevine_n be_v at_o that_o time_n also_o send_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n who_o interest_v themselves_o serious_o in_o this_o affair_n which_o not_o succeed_v hieronymus_n begin_v to_o treat_v about_o resign_v his_o patriarchship_n and_o translate_n of_o the_o see_v from_o constantinople_n to_o moskow_n which_o motion_n be_v greedy_o embrace_v by_o the_o russes_z and_o jan._n 25_o 1588._o in_o a_o very_a great_a solemnity_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n go_v in_o procession_n through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n at_o length_n in_o our_o lady_n church_n he_o make_v a_o oration_n to_o the_o foresay_a purpose_n deliver_v up_o his_o resignation_n authenticated_a and_o his_o patriarchal_a staff_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o present_o with_o divers_a ceremony_n be_v inaugurate_v patriarch_n and_o his_o successor_n do_v all_o use_v that_o title_n and_o be_v consecrate_v by_o their_o own_o bishop_n whether_o this_o action_n be_v valid_a i_o dispute_v not_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v do_v not_o question_v it_o and_o to_o stop_v his_o mouth_n as_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v every_o year_n beside_o upon_o divers_a other_o occasion_n a_o very_a considerable_a present_n of_o five_o hundred_o crown_n send_v to_o he_o beside_o the_o greek_n want_v not_o other_o artifices_fw-la as_o send_v thing_n hallow_a relic_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o they_o receive_v very_o great_a present_n yet_o filaretes_n nikitys_n the_o late_a patriarch_n and_o father_n to_o the_o emperor_n michael_n federowitz_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o
his_o crown_n very_o bare_a unction_n and_o the_o like_a they_o vow_v perpetual_a chastity_n and_o abstinence_n from_o flesh_n nor_o have_v he_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v ever_o any_o hope_n to_o get_v out_o again_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v near_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n in_o revenue_n it_o be_v build_v like_o a_o castle_n have_v wall_n of_o stone_n regular_o fortify_v and_o store_v with_o cannon_n and_o the_o ordinary_a number_n of_o religious_a beside_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n be_v about_o seven_o hundred_o they_o have_v also_o nunnery_n of_o several_a order_n some_o admit_v only_o noble_a widow_n and_o maid_n other_o promiscuous_o but_o this_o be_v universal_o observe_v that_o none_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v do_v ever_o return_v to_o their_o secular_a condition_n the_o emperor_n have_v continue_v with_o his_o wife_n twenty_o year_n without_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o thrust_v she_o into_o a_o nunnery_n where_o after_o two_o month_n she_o be_v brought-a-bed_n but_o can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nunnery_n the_o history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o russia_n the_o russes_z have_v the_o same_o vanity_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o most_o other_o nation_n have_v have_v to_o deduce_v their_o original_n either_o from_o god_n or_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o man_n whereby_o how_o much_o honour_n soever_o themselves_o think_v to_o have_v obtain_v so_o much_o do_v other_o nation_n think_v they_o have_v lose_v of_o truth_n some_o author_n derive_v they_o from_o augustus_n cesar_n ivan_n vasilowich_n the_o learn_a of_o all_o the_o russes_z and_o who_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v best_a inform_v tell_v a_o english_a goldsmith_n smile_v because_o the_o emperor_n have_v say_v that_o all_o russes_z were_z thief_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o russ_n but_o a_o german_a and_o that_o their_o family_n come_v from_o beala_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o hungary_n more_o particular_n of_o this_o we_o know_v not_o as_o neither_o who_o when_o or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o come_v nor_o who_o be_v their_o successor_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o imperial_a family_n be_v common_o call_v the_o house_n of_o beala_n other_o say_v that_o the_o first_o governor_n be_v three_o brethren_n rurich_n sinaux_n and_o truvor_n of_o the_o varegi_n but_o who_o those_o varegi_n be_v or_o what_o country_n they_o inhabit_v it_o be_v uncertain_a as_o be_v also_o the_o time_n of_o their_o come_n which_o some_o say_v be_v ann_n 752_o other_o 861._o and_o of_o these_o rurich_n settle_v at_o novogrod_n truvor_n at_o plescow_n and_o sinaux_n at_o bielios_a these_o two_o last_o die_v without_o issue_n rurich_n succeed_v and_o leave_v the_o whole_a dominion_n to_o his_o son_n igor_n igor_n marry_v olga_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o drewlians_n be_v take_v by_o they_o and_o behead_v olga_n afterward_o defeat_v and_o destroy_v these_o drewlians_n go_v to_o constantinople_n be_v baptize_v and_o take_v the_o name_n of_o helena_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o bring_v christianity_n into_o russia_n and_o die_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sanctity_n and_o her_o anniversary_n day_n be_v july_n 11._o suetoslaw_n when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n succeed_v his_o father_n and_o jeropolick_v he_o next_o after_o he_o be_v wolodomir_n concern_v who_o we_o have_v something_o of_o certainty_n zonara_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o basilius_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v a_o bishop_n send_v from_o constantinople_n to_o convert_v the_o russes_z i_o think_v his_o name_n be_v leo_n the_o russes_z will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o see_v a_o miracle_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n throw_v the_o book_n of_o the_o gospel_n into_o the_o fire_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n take_v it_o out_o unblemished_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o russes_z but_o their_o solemn_a receive_n it_o be_v not_o till_o 988_o when_o their_o prince_n wolodomir_n marry_v anna_n sister_n of_o basilius_n and_o constantine_n be_v convert_v baptize_v and_o change_v his_o name_n into_o basilius_n he_o be_v by_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o their_o apostle_n and_o they_o celebrate_v his_o festival_n july_n 15._o he_o die_v in_o 1015._o this_o man_n remove_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o kiow_n to_o wolodomir_n he_o have_v many_o child_n who_o fight_v and_o slay_v one_o another_o two_o borissus_n and_o chlebus_n be_v for_o their_o holy_a life_n and_o unjust_a death_n account_v holy_a martyr_n and_o their_o day_n be_v july_n 24._o sewoldus_n coras_fw-la some_o call_v he_o jeroslaw_n after_o many_o war_n subdue_v his_o brethren_n and_o obtain_v the_o government_n he_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o son_n wolodomir_n surname_v monomachus_n but_o other_o say_v he_o be_v call_v jeroslaw_n or_o fair_a bank_n because_o he_o build_v that_o city_n saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v that_o he_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o harold_n king_n of_o england_n he_o be_v a_o potent_a prince_n and_o keep_v very_o good_a correspondence_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o action_n of_o this_o be_v confound_v with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o wolodomir_n they_o say_v he_o die_v ann_n 1146_o which_o be_v not_o probable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o that_o lady_n who_o follow_v and_o be_v not_o set_v down_o till_o 1237_o when_o reign_v george_n by_o some_o call_v gregory_n call_v by_o some_o szeveloditz_n other_o make_v wszevolod_n to_o be_v the_o father_n and_o george_n his_o son_n george_n be_v ann_n 1237_o slay_v by_o batus_fw-la a_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o tartar_n order_v that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n choose_v the_o prince_n of_o moskow_n that_o when_o they_o send_v their_o ambassador_n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v to_o meet_v and_o wait_v upon_o he_o on_o foot_n offer_v a_o platter_n of_o mares-milk_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n let_v any_o of_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o main_a of_o his_o horse_n the_o prince_n shall_v lick_v it_o up_o and_o that_o he_o shall_v bareheaded_a and_o on_o foot_n give_v the_o tartar_n horse_n his_o provender_n out_o of_o his_o cap_n but_o the_o most_o grievous_a be_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n and_o a_o guard_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n michael_n succeed_v his_o brother_n and_o be_v also_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o tartar_n next_o be_v alexander_n his_o son_n and_o then_o his_o son_n danielou_n or_o daniel_n surname_v caleta_n he_o transfer_v the_o imperial_a seat_n to_o moskow_n and_o call_v himself_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n etc._n etc._n some_o say_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o innocent_a iv_o about_o ann_n 1246._o some_o place_n after_o he_o george_n danielowitz_n caleta_n who_o they_o say_v be_v slay_v by_o demetri_fw-la michaelowitz_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o tartar_n other_o place_n next_o to_o daniel_n his_o son_n ivan_n choose_v by_o zanabeck_n the_o crim-tartar_n who_o favour_v he_o so_o much_o that_o he_o abate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o slavery_n impose_v upon_o the_o tzar_n his_o son_n ivan_n ivanowitz_n succeed_v and_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o tartar_n demetri_fw-la ivanowitz_n be_v his_o son_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o fierce_a war_n upon_o mamai_n can_n and_o gain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n the_o earth_n for_o thirteen_o mile_n together_o be_v cover_v with_o carcase_n but_o tachtanisk_a can_n in_o another_o battle_n slay_v demetri_fw-la and_o renew_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tartar_n over_o the_o russes_z vasili_n demetriwitz_n follow_v ann_n 1357_o who_o chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o russia_n and_o conquer_a bulgaria_n beyond_o the_o wolga_n be_v jealous_a of_o his_o wife_n anastasia_n he_o disinherit_v his_o son_n vasili_n and_o give_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o brother_n george_n who_o at_o his_o death_n restore_v it_o from_o his_o own_o son_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n but_o those_o son_n make_v war_n upon_o vasili_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n therefore_o be_v he_o call_v vasili_n ciemnox_n or_o dark_a but_o the_o boiar_n be_v faithful_a to_o he_o he_o reign_v peaceable_o till_o his_o death_n and_o leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n surname_v grotzdyn_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v lustre_n and_o fame_n to_o the_o obscure_a name_n of_o the_o russes_z for_o take_v away_o the_o dukedom_n and_o government_n from_o his_o uncle_n who_o account_v themselves_o absolute_a in_o their_o dominion_n he_o unite_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o call_v himself_o tzaar_n or_o as_o they_o pronounce_v it_o tzar_n that_o be_v king_n he_o marry_v mary_n daughter_n to_o michael_n duke_n of_o tweria_n some_o say_v severia_n or_o severski_n and_o present_o after_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o his_o
rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n and_o for_o these_o and_o the_o like_a reason_n many_o of_o they_o at_o first_o secret_o favour_v afterward_o open_o join_v themselves_o and_o their_o power_n to_o demetri_fw-la particular_o peter_n basmaneuf_n entrust_v with_o a_o army_n by_o boris_n to_o fight_v against_o he_o go_v and_o carry_v with_o he_o all_o his_o army_n to_o demetri_fw-la and_o bring_v he_o to_o moskow_n in_o a_o manner_n without_o any_o bloodshed_n at_o which_o time_n boris_n first_o on_o april_n 13_o 1605_o and_o short_o after_o his_o wife_n and_o son_n die_v either_o by_o poison_n as_o most_o say_v or_o murder_v by_o some_o send_v from_o demetri_fw-la to_o that_o purpose_n and_o leave_v the_o throne_n void_a to_o that_o impostor_n which_o he_o enjoy_v not_o nine_o month_n before_o he_o be_v suspect_v as_o not_o sleep_v after_o dinner_n nor_o use_v stove_n and_o in_o divers_a other_o matter_n not_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o when_o the_o russes_z see_v moreover_o that_o he_o have_v engage_v to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o sandomiria_n and_o to_o bring_v in_o the_o roman_a religion_n they_o form_v a_o conspiracy_n against_o he_o chief_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o vasilie_o zuisky_n they_o choose_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o design_n the_o seventeen_o day_n of_o may_n 1606_o nine_o day_n after_o his_o marriage_n when_o zuisky_n with_o other_o boiar_n and_o the_o people_n after_o dinner_n find_v the_o guard_n asleep_a force_v their_o way_n into_o his_o chamber_n he_o affright_v with_o the_o noise_n leap_v out_o of_o a_o window_n and_o break_v his_o leg_n the_o boiar_n follow_v and_o there_o slay_v he_o and_o hurry_v his_o carcase_n into_o the_o marketplace_n where_o they_o also_o lay_v by_o he_o his_o great_a fautor_n basmaneuf_n expose_v they_o three_o day_n afterward_o they_o choose_v vasilie_o ivanowich_n zuisky_n grand_fw-fr tzar_n in_o his_o stead_n who_o be_v crown_v june_n 1_o 1606._o he_o have_v not_o reign_v long_o before_o another_o demetri_fw-la appear_v in_o poland_n and_o be_v by_o they_o assist_v raise_v very_o great_a trouble_n in_o muscovy_n after_o he_o also_o start_v up_o another_o demetri_fw-la in_o moskow_n itself_o who_o also_o find_v follower_n and_o abettor_n people_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o trouble_n and_o licentiousness_n take_v even_o a_o sorry_a pretence_n to_o rob_v and_o plunder_v meanwhile_o divers_a of_o the_o nobility_n bandy_v together_o against_o their_o lord_n zuisky_n pretend_v that_o he_o be_v unfortunate_a that_o victory_n seem_v to_o shun_v and_o trouble_v to_o follow_v he_o that_o as_o long_o as_o he_o govern_v there_o can_v be_v no_o hope_n of_o peace_n etc._n etc._n which_o silly_a story_n prevail_v so_o much_o upon_o a_o amaze_a people_n that_o they_o seize_v upon_o zuisky_n and_o shave_v he_o put_v he_o into_o a_o monastery_n meanwhile_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o idle_a in_o defend_v and_o assert_v their_o demetri_fw-la but_o come_v with_o their_o army_n before_o moskow_n the_o russes_z to_o heal_v all_o their_o wound_n and_o solder_v up_o their_o difference_n choose_v vladislaus_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v their_o grand_a duke_n upon_o certain_a condition_n whereof_o one_o be_v that_o zuisky_n and_o his_o family_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o he_o imprison_v till_o death_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o highway_n the_o polish_v army_n before_o moskow_n understand_v the_o election_n of_o their_o prince_n behave_v themselves_o very_o peaceable_o for_o a_o while_n and_o the_o general_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o castle_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n be_v quarter_v in_o the_o village_n without_o but_o they_o by_o little_a and_o little_o get_v into_o the_o city_n where_o they_o have_v not_o long_o continue_v ever_o there_o happen_v a_o quarrel_n which_o among_o man_n use_v to_o drunkenness_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o find_v of_o the_o pole_n against_o the_o russes_z whereupon_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n and_o in_o despite_n of_o their_o general_n plunder_v and_o burn_v it_o they_o say_v that_o at_o that_o time_n perish_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n the_o treasury_n also_o be_v pillage_v and_o all_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o emperor_n scatter_v among_o the_o polish_v soldier_n some_o of_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v charge_v their_o pistol_n with_o pearl_n the_o russes_z be_v in_o this_o almost_o desperate_a condition_n and_o upon_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o ruin_n at_o length_n a_o butcher_n who_o name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v zachary_n listpenow_n begin_v not_o to_o despair_v and_o to_o give_v out_o among_o the_o people_n that_o if_o there_o can_v be_v find_v a_o honest_a treasurer_n there_o will_v not_o want_v good_a officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o russ_n nation_n to_o deliver_v they_o from_o their_o misery_n and_o settle_v peace_n and_o glory_n again_o in_o their_o country_n the_o people_n destitute_a of_o other_o hope_n catch_v hold_v upon_o this_o straw_n and_o bid_v he_o name_n who_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v general_n which_o he_o do_v and_o propose_v to_o they_o a_o very_a worthy_a but_o poor_a and_o neglect_a gentleman_n call_v pozarskey_n the_o people_n approve_v his_o choice_n take_v he_o for_o commander_n and_o the_o butcher_n they_o make_v treasurer_n bring_v ready_o unto_o he_o all_o the_o money_n they_o owe_v unto_o the_o emperor_n and_o what_o they_o can_v spare_v of_o their_o own_o wherewith_o he_o present_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o join_v it_o with_o a_o body_n of_o cossack_n then_o in_o service_n of_o the_o muscovite_n they_o march_v to_o moskow_n besiege_v the_o pole_n in_o the_o castle_n and_o force_v they_o to_o surrender_v and_o to_o march_v out_o of_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o immediate_o perform_v hereupon_o the_o russ_n nobility_n convene_v at_o moskow_n and_o see_v their_o country_n free_a from_o stranger_n and_o a_o obedient_a army_n of_o their_o own_o they_o resolve_v upon_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a emperor_n which_o they_o put_v in_o execution_n ann_n 1613_o and_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o young_a man_n call_v michael_n federowitz_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n unto_o he_o his_o father_n have_v forsake_v his_o wife_n for_o god_n sake_n as_o they_o say_v i._n e._n quit_v she_o and_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o devotion_n in_o a_o monastery_n he_o be_v of_o the_o house_n of_o romanove_n and_o when_o his_o son_n be_v choose_v tzar_n he_o also_o be_v elect_v patriarch_n and_o be_v a_o very_a wise_a and_o moderate_a person_n he_o put_v his_o son_n who_o be_v always_o obedient_a unto_o he_o upon_o secure_a and_o prudent_a counsel_n his_o name_n be_v change_v to_o philaretes_n nikiditz_n and_o he_o die_v ann_n 1633._o the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v be_v to_o recover_v smolensko_n and_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o christian_a prince_n especial_o king_n james_n he_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o pole_n he_o also_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o have_v be_v the_o sore_a and_o heavy_a enemy_n to_o the_o russes_z and_o by_o the_o assistance_n also_o of_o king_n james_n a_o accord_n be_v make_v and_o all_o difference_n reconcile_v the_o swede_n be_v to_o render_v novogrod_v stara_n russa_n porkow_n lagda_n aydow_n with_o all_o their_o territory_n to_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o muscovite_n surrender_v ivanogrod_v jama_n coporia_n noteburg_n with_o their_o precinct_n to_o the_o swede_n and_o renounce_v all_o title_n to_o livonia_n which_o be_v no_o small_a prejudice_n to_o the_o russ_n who_o thereby_o lose_v the_o salt_n trade_n which_o have_v bring_v in_o no_o small_a revenue_n he_o die_v july_n 12_o 1645_o in_o the_o forty-seventh_a year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o thirty-third_a of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o prudent_a pious_a and_o valiant_a person_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o banish_v the_o memory_n of_o former_a tyranny_n and_o to_o make_v up_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o own_o people_n which_o he_o do_v very_o successful_o to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n alex_v michaelowitz_n a_o more_o martial_a but_o yet_o as_o mild_a a_o governor_n who_o action_n be_v so_o fresh_a in_o all_o man_n memory_n that_o i_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o write_v they_o but_o such_o have_v be_v these_o of_o the_o house_n romanove_n that_o if_o their_o successor_n continue_v to_o tread_v in_o the_o step_n of_o these_o their_o ancestor_n they_o need_v not_o doubt_v of_o both_o a_o last_a reign_n and_o glory_n to_o all_o posterity_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 1676_o and_o leave_v his_o son_n a_o young_a prince_n of_o about_o sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o succeed_v he_o the_o lake_n and_o river_n of_o muscovy_n concern_v the_o lake_n and_o river_n of_o muscovy_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o almost_o all_o
always_o ready_a to_o defend_v themselves_o for_o they_o fight_v not_o willing_o if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v charge_v they_o to_o prevent_v their_o mischief_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v always_o either_o their_o own_o dwelling_n fortify_v or_o have_v a_o town_n or_o the_o landlord_n manor-house_n or_o a_o thick_a wood_n to_o which_o they_o retire_v in_o such_o hazard_n the_o cossack_n where_o they_o live_v fill_v their_o ground_n full_a of_o trench_n and_o hedge_n to_o hinder_v their_o march_n they_o also_o keep_v very_o diligent_a watch_n both_o beyond_o and_o upon_o the_o river_n that_o they_o may_v have_v timely_a notice_n of_o their_o invasion_n then_o if_o they_o can_v overtake_v they_o they_o repair_v to_o the_o know_a passage_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o many_o through_o the_o nieper_n and_o there_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v ambush_n themselves_o to_o surprise_v they_o at_o their_o return_n as_o they_o do_v many_o time_n and_o recover_v much_o of_o the_o prey_n after_o 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the_o crim-tartar_n till_o the_o turk_n plant_v town_n upon_o the_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o along_o the_o river_n yet_o be_v the_o country_n still_o possess_v by_o tartar_n yet_o not_o subject_n either_o to_o the_o turk_n or_o crim_n but_o as_o the_o cossack_n among_o the_o christian_n a_o nation_n of_o thief_n and_o banditi_n libertine_n that_o in_o their_o life_n acknowledge_v no_o superior_a either_o god_n or_o man_n these_o many_o time_n invade_v their_o neighbour_n in_o summer_n but_o with_o lesser_a number_n twenty_o thousand_o at_o most_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v discover_v because_o the_o cosack_n be_v continual_o upon_o the_o guard_n even_o in_o these_o place_n they_o march_v to_o their_o rendezvous_n which_o they_o appoint_v in_o some_o valley_n or_o obscure_a place_n upon_o the_o confine_n in_o very_o small_a party_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v descry_v by_o tread_v down_o the_o grass_n they_o observe_v the_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o enemy_n country_n appoint_v certain_a place_n for_o their_o meeting_n and_o separate_v again_o present_o so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o meet_v with_o a_o tract_n but_o if_o the_o cosack_n do_v happen_v upon_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v lead_v they_o to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n yet_o except_o they_o surprise_v they_o eat_v or_o sleep_v which_o be_v very_o difficult_a because_o they_o keep_v such_o diligent_a sentinel_n they_o know_v not_o afterward_o which_o tract_n to_o follow_v to_o overtake_v they_o again_o the_o tartar_n first_o divide_v into_o four_o body_n which_o march_v east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n after_o they_o have_v go_v a_o little_a way_n each_o troop_n subdivide_v again_o into_o three_o and_o after_o that_o each_o troop_n into_o three_o again_o so_o that_o at_o length_n they_o have_v not_o above_o ten_o or_o twelve_o together_o and_o though_o some_o take_v further_a compass_n than_o other_o yet_o all_o know_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o meeting_n which_o according_a to_o the_o occasion_n be_v after_o three_o four_o or_o more_o day_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v rencountre_v with_o the_o enemy_n except_o they_o have_v very_o great_a advantage_n they_o fight_v he_o not_o but_o divide_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o run_v away_o full-speed_n yet_o shoot_v still_o if_o pursue_v nor_o be_v the_o horse_n of_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o able_a to_o overtake_v they_o after_o they_o have_v thus_o disperse_v for_o some_o league_n they_o join_v again_o and_o follow_v their_o design_n all_o author_n take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a advantage_n they_o have_v over_o other_o nation_n that_o they_o can_v see_v better_o and_o far_o insomuch_o that_o a_o tartar_n will_v discern_v a_o single_a russ_n further_a than_o a_o russ_n can_v a_o troop_n of_o tartar_n which_o they_o attribute_v partly_o to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n that_o they_o have_v little_a hollow_a eye_n partly_o to_o their_o custom_n that_o they_o use_v continual_o to_o half-close_a their_o eyelid_n when_o they_o will_v swim_v a_o river_n each_o get_v he_o a_o bundle_n of_o reed_n sedge_n bulrush_n or_o the_o like_a about_o three_o foot_n long_o upon_o which_o they_o tie_v three_o or_o four_o stick_n across_o and_o two_o or_o three_o long-way_n upon_o these_o they_o make_v fast_o their_o saddle_n clothes_n arm_n and_o such_o baggage_n as_o they_o have_v the_o bundle_n they_o make_v fast_o to_o their_o horse_n tail_n so_o that_o from_o a_o convenient_a low_a bank_n they_o go_v into_o the_o river_n hold_v in_o one_o hand_n the_o bridle_n of_o their_o horse_n with_o the_o other_o swim_v themselves_o sometime_o the_o cosack_n seek_v they_o in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o then_o they_o march_v always_o in_o their_o tabor_n that_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o chariot_n and_o send_v out_o sentinel_n on_o every_o side_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n if_o they_o first_o espy_v the_o tartar_n they_o leave_v their_o tabor_n and_o fall_n upon_o they_o and_o common_o have_v the_o advantage_n but_o if_o the_o tartar_n first_o see_v the_o cosack_n they_o assault_v they_o in_o their_o tabor_n but_o at_o a_o distance_n with_o their_o arrow_n which_o though_o they_o reach_v further_o than_o the_o cosack_v gun_n yet_o be_v their_o tabor_n so_o good_a a_o defence_n that_o fifty_o cosack_n will_v not_o fly_v from_o five_o hundred_o tartar_n typus_fw-la generalis_fw-la ukrainae_fw-la sive_fw-la palatinatuum_fw-la podoliae_n kioviensis_fw-la et_fw-la braczlaviensis_fw-la terras_fw-la nova_fw-la declinatione_fw-la exhibens_fw-la vrbs_fw-la antiquâ—m_fw-la christianâ—m_fw-la oppidum_n turcae_n pagus_n ruinae_fw-la fons_n fl_fw-mi …_o in_o signum_fw-la quo_fw-la fl_fw-mi …_o in_o decurrit_fw-la pagi_n tartarum_fw-la homaijbiorum_n g._n mons_fw-la mâ—lendiâ—â—â—_n â—_o transitus_fw-la of_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o the_o cosack_n of_o ukrain_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o in_o general_a of_o the_o boristhenes_n as_o far_o as_o it_o continue_v in_o the_o grand_a tzars_n dominion_n wherein_o be_v nothing_o observable_a but_o what_o city_n and_o town_n be_v upon_o it_o which_o appear_v sufficient_o by_o the_o map_n but_o now_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o remainder_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o tartar_n which_o afford_v we_o great_a variety_n of_o matter_n we_o have_v also_o treat_v in_o general_a of_o the_o cosack_n and_o of_o those_o who_o live_v upon_o the_o tanais_n and_o be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n but_o we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o they_o who_o first_o assume_v that_o name_n and_o inhabit_v upon_o or_o near_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o be_v or_o be_v late_o under_o the_o polander_n we_o begin_v with_o kiow_n the_o place_n of_o the_o original_n of_o these_o valiant_a people_n the_o cosack_n kiow_n kisovia_n of_o kijovia_n be_v a_o ancient_a beautiful_a and_o strong_a city_n even_o before_o it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o russes_z mieceslaus_n their_o duke_n have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o polowtzi_n and_o assist_v they_o be_v himself_o slay_v in_o the_o battle_n and_o the_o town_n afterward_o quite_o ruin_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o volodomir_n deep_o engage_v in_o that_o war_n but_o escape_v make_v volodomir_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o russ-empire_n kiow_n be_v situate_v upon_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o nieper_n where_o still_o remain_v the_o ruin_n of_o many_o arcades_n high_a wall_n church_n and_o sepulture_n of_o divers_a king_n ancient_a than_o those_o of_o the_o russ-prince_n with_o greek_a inscription_n there_o remain_v in_o reasonable_a good_a condition_n two_o church_n s._n sophia_n who_o wall_n be_v line_v with_o excellent_a mosaic_a work_n and_o the_o vault_n be_v earthen_a pot_n cement_v and_o fill_v with_o good_a plaster_n and_o s._n michael_n most_o conspicuous_a for_o its_o guild_a roof_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o nieper_n be_v new_a kiow_n along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n
march_v not_o beyond_o its_o limit_n above_o five_o league_n wherefore_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o lead_v a_o army_n further_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v convoke_v before_o every_o war_n to_o levy_v stipendiary_a soldier_n and_o as_o they_o be_v compose_v principal_o of_o the_o noble_n they_o frequent_o signalise_v themselves_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o success_n against_o the_o much_o great_a number_n of_o their_o enemy_n thus_o zamoschius_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n the_o three_o with_o 3000_o man_n worsted_n carigereius_n the_o scythian_a who_o with_o 70000_o be_v make_v a_o inroad_n into_o poland_n and_o force_v he_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o tartar_n to_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o zolkievi_n with_o 3000_o horse_n set_v upon_o 80000_o muscovite_n unawares_o put_v themselves_o all_o to_o flight_n and_o bring_v away_o prisoner_n three_o german_a regiment_n that_o serve_v among_o they_o the_o polish_v foot_n be_v of_o little_a esteem_n and_o therefore_o although_o each_o city_n be_v bind_v to_o set_v forth_o a_o certain_a number_n yet_o the_o king_n rather_o choose_v such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o may_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o charge_n and_o so_o make_v provision_n of_o foreigner_n take_v chief_o out_o of_o hungary_n and_o germany_n the_o zeporensian_a cossack_n former_o serve_v the_o polish_v king_n in_o their_o war_n either_o as_o volontier_n or_o for_o very_o small_a pay_n they_o come_v in_o sometime_o 30000_o strong_a arm_v with_o lance_n or_o scimiter_n and_o long_a gun_n each_o have_v his_o horse_n and_o as_o occasion_n require_v fight_v either_o mount_v or_o on_o foot_n they_o use_v their_o own_o discipline_n and_o choose_v all_o their_o officer_n out_o of_o their_o body_n even_o their_o chief_n commander_n who_o they_o will_v depose_v without_o any_o fault_n if_o he_o be_v not_o successful_a now_o although_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o polander_n may_v be_v say_v to_o equal_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n yet_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o be_v unsuccesful_a in_o their_o undertake_n partly_o because_o of_o the_o slowness_n as_o well_o of_o their_o council_n which_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o principal_a officer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ready_o convene_v nor_o without_o much_o ado_n keep_v together_o as_o of_o their_o noble_n in_o their_o rendezvouse_n who_o seldom_o come_v in_o before_o the_o last_o summons_n partly_o also_o because_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o soldier_n depend_v more_o upon_o their_o particular_a patron_n than_o the_o king_n be_v apt_a to_o follow_v their_o inclination_n though_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a beside_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o furnish_v necessary_n for_o so_o many_o person_n any_o long_a time_n have_v no_o public_a magazine_n provide_v towards_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n they_o be_v incline_v to_o mutiny_n and_o disband_v before_o they_o have_v do_v their_o work_n fortify_v town_n they_o have_v but_o few_o as_o we_o say_v before_o believe_v their_o own_o courage_n fortification_n enough_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unwilling_a by_o mean_n of_o garrison_n to_o give_v their_o king_n opportunity_n of_o assume_v a_o absolute_a power_n and_o arbitrary_a rule_n over_o they_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n partake_v more_o of_o aristocracy_n than_o monarchy_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o be_v share_v among_o the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n some_o will_v reckon_v in_o the_o citizen_n and_o kmetone_n for_o so_o in_o old_a charter_n be_v the_o husbandman_n call_v who_o live_v disperse_v in_o village_n but_o they_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o public_a office_n and_o employment_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v number_v among_o the_o order_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o first_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d as_o appear_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o their_o historian_n and_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o reign_a prince_n appoint_v his_o successor_n so_o lescus_n the_o three_o appoint_v popielus_n so_o also_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a do_v lescus_n the_o black_n nay_o oftentimes_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n divide_v the_o kingdom_n among_o their_o son_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o elective_a government_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o example_n of_o boleslaus_n crivoustus_n and_o be_v further_o confirm_v in_o the_o polonian_a history_n by_o the_o precedent_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o curl_a but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o no_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v presume_v to_o nominate_v or_o impose_v on_o the_o kingdom_n a_o successor_n which_o law_n be_v not_o only_o renew_v in_o the_o interregnum_fw-la after_o his_o death_n but_o several_a time_n afterward_o the_o custom_n of_o election_n have_v encroach_v upon_o the_o sceptre_n for_o some_o while_n before_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n of_o the_o true_a polish_v royal_a family_n from_o this_o electiveness_n it_o now_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o from_o the_o death_n of_o one_o till_o the_o election_n of_o another_o king_n there_o be_v frequent_o too_o long_o interregna_fw-la during_o which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n perform_v all_o kingly_a office_n act_v in_o all_o thing_n like_o their_o sovereign_n without_o any_o distinction_n save_v that_o he_o be_v not_o crown_v with_o the_o royal_a diadem_n and_o such_o a_o interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o death_n but_o by_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o king_n deposition_n of_o king_n be_v former_o more_o frequent_a in_o poland_n then_o now_o henry_n valois_n be_v the_o last_o precedent_n in_o that_o kind_n who_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n when_o he_o hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n the_o nine_o withdraw_v himself_o private_o out_o of_o poland_n by_o night_n that_o he_o may_v not_o loose_v his_o right_n in_o france_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n after_o they_o have_v often_o beseech_v his_o return_n find_v he_o not_o in_o the_o least_o incline_v to_o forsake_v a_o successive_a for_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n discharge_v he_o from_o be_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o renounce_v their_o allegiance_n the_o most_o memorable_a example_n of_o resignation_n be_v that_o of_o john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o of_o which_o a_o large_a narrative_a be_v give_v by_o nicolas_n chwalkowski_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la publico_fw-la polonico_n who_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o the_o whole_a ceremony_n the_o interrex_n or_o person_n who_o perform_v the_o regal_a office_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la as_o be_v say_v be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n a_o legate_n bear_v the_o primate_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o suspect_v as_o be_v a_o spiritual_a person_n of_o affect_v the_o crown_n which_o dignity_n be_v not_o confer_v upon_o he_o by_o election_n but_o be_v annex_v to_o his_o archbishopric_n lest_o any_o delay_n in_o his_o nomination_n shall_v endammage_n the_o public_a this_o office_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o not_o only_o upon_o the_o death_n but_o also_o in_o the_o king_n absence_n or_o residence_n in_o another_o country_n as_o when_o henry_n withdraw_v into_o france_n and_o sigismond_n the_o three_o go_v into_o swedeland_n if_o there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n than_o this_o dignity_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n also_o or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o see_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnania_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la the_o archbishop_n betake_v himself_o to_o warsaw_n whither_o all_o the_o neighbour_a nobility_n repair_v to_o he_o by_o who_o advice_n proclamation_n be_v issue_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n chancery_n under_o his_o hand_n with_o all_o his_o title_n annex_v whereby_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o public_a minister_n in_o all_o the_o palatinate_v and_o district_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o all_o necessary_a order_n be_v take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n the_o interrex_n also_o receive_v open_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o letter_n from_o foreign_a prince_n give_v audience_n to_o all_o foreign_a ambassador_n and_o indeed_o all_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pass_v through_o his_o hand_n as_o for_o the_o candidate_n this_o be_v certain_o agree_v that_o no_o piasti_fw-la or_o native_a be_v exclude_v from_o the_o hope_n of_o election_n the_o elector_n in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v the_o prime_a senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o ecclesiastic_a as_o secular_a next_o to_o they_o the_o nobility_n who_o have_v liberty_n to_o act_n either_o in_o their_o proper_a person_n or_o by_o deputy_n and_o last_o the_o deputy_n of_o cracow_n posnania_n leopolis_n
and_o vilna_n for_o the_o polonian_n believe_v that_o it_o very_o much_o avail_v both_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o to_o confirm_v the_o allegiance_n of_o they_o that_o obey_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o generality_n who_o can_v then_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o complain_v of_o their_o own_o act._n the_o place_n of_o election_n be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n not_o far_o from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n wola_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n it_o be_v mark_v out_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n when_o the_o day_n of_o election_n be_v come_v and_o the_o senator_n all_o meet_v the_o interrex_n ask_v the_o question_n three_o time_n whether_o it_o be_v their_o pleasure_n to_o command_v that_o such_o a_o one_o shall_v be_v declare_v king_n if_o by_o consent_n of_o voice_n they_o return_v for_o a_o answer_n it_o please_v we_o let_v he_o live_v then_o the_o archbishop_n declare_v he_o king_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n i_o declare_v such_o a_o one_o king_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o beseech_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n to_o enable_v he_o for_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n and_o through_o his_o mercy_n so_o to_o order_n that_o the_o election_n may_v be_v prosperous_a for_o the_o nation_n and_o happy_a for_o the_o catholic_n religion_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n proclaim_v the_o election_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n king_n n._n be_v unanimous_o elect_v and_o so_o declare_v by_o the_o interrex_n he_o therefore_o all_o you_o acknowledge_v your_o lawful_o elect_a and_o declare_v king_n if_o the_o king_n so_o elect_v be_v absent_a his_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o confirm_v by_o oath_n the_o condition_n and_o receive_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o election_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o second_o proclamation_n in_o these_o word_n the_o polander_n have_v a_o lawful_a king_n on_o the_o other_o side_n before_o the_o king_n be_v admit_v he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o covenant_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o clause_n point_n and_o condition_n and_o to_o renew_v the_o say_a oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n but_o though_o he_o be_v now_o elect_v the_o interregnum_fw-la do_v not_o cease_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n for_o till_o then_o he_o assume_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o king_n elect_n neither_o be_v his_o letter_n to_o foreign_a prince_n seal_v with_o any_o other_o seal_n than_o that_o of_o the_o chamber_n so_o that_o though_o the_o present_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n before_o his_o coronation_n that_o be_v only_o do_v upon_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o muscovitick_a expedition_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o coronation_n be_v cracow_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o chief_n treasury_n under_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o high_a treasurer_n and_o the_o person_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n be_v always_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n if_o not_o prevent_v by_o sickness_n the_o chief_a ceremony_n at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o question_n propound_v to_o the_o king_n will_v thou_o profess_v the_o catholic_n faith_n deliver_v by_o catholic_n man_n answ_n i_o will_n will_v thou_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o church_n and_o its_o minister_n will_v thou_o uphold_v defend_v and_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n by_o god_n commit_v to_o thy_o care_n according_a to_o justice_n ans_fw-fr i_o will_n all_o which_o he_o confirm_v by_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n and_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n the_o ceremony_n of_o anoint_v be_v perform_v with_o say_v these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o the_o sanctify_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n the_o word_n of_o confirmation_n be_v sit_v and_o possess_v the_o throne_n appoint_v thou_o by_o god_n let_v thy_o hand_n be_v strengthen_v and_o thy_o right_a hand_n exalt_v the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v the_o king_n repair_v to_o the_o grand_a assembly_n for_o the_o coronation_n where_o the_o interrex_n resign_v his_o authority_n and_o the_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o nobility_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o city_n take_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n the_o present_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o article_n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o they_o bound_v themselves_o as_o well_o before_o as_o at_o their_o coronation_n for_o they_o contain_v all_o the_o essential_a property_n of_o regal_a dominion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la as_o to_o their_o power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n the_o roman-catholick_n king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o chief_a prerogative_n in_o that_o particular_a reserve_v only_o to_o themselves_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n the_o king_n swear_v to_o maintain_v peace_n between_o the_o dissenter_n in_o religion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v many_o in_o poland_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o cause_n and_o difference_n among_o person_n profess_v the_o greek_a religion_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o john_n the_o three_o now_o reign_v as_o for_o foundation_n of_o church_n and_o monastery_n whatsoever_o liberty_n the_o king_n may_v have_v to_o erect_v they_o be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o all_o the_o order_n at_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o thus_o the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o academy_n of_o vilna_n be_v also_o confirm_v the_o next_o prerogative_n be_v the_o legislative_a power_n concern_v which_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n of_o make_v law_n themselves_o as_o necessity_n require_v but_o afterward_o when_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v law_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o peer_n insomuch_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1570_o enact_v that_o no_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o public_a force_n till_o review_v and_o subscribe_v by_o such_o a_o number_n of_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n who_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v require_v beforehand_o whether_o the_o law_n shall_v pass_v which_o law_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n be_v likewise_o former_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a judge_n till_o vladislaus_n jagello_n grant_v this_o privilege_n to_o the_o nobility_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v or_o imprison_v till_o convict_v by_o law_n after_o he_o bathor_n throw_v off_o the_o burden_n of_o hear_v cause_n from_o his_o own_o shoulder_n and_o erect_v several_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o concern_v his_o chequer_n and_o such_o city_n as_o be_v immediate_o under_o his_o jurisdiction_n but_o now_o the_o nobility_n create_v the_o chief_a judge_n or_o marshal_n with_o his_o assistant_n in_o those_o tribunal_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n sit_v alone_o upon_o cause_n that_o come_v before_o he_o by_o way_n of_o appeal_n beside_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o determine_v all_o court_n cause_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o officer_n reside_v at_o court_n as_o also_o to_o call_v the_o cause_n in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o register_n and_o neither_o to_o retard_v nor_o further_o any_o cause_n for_o favour_n or_o interest_n the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n do_v former_o without_o doubt_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o casimir_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o make_v a_o promise_n that_o he_o will_v undertake_v no_o war_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la promise_v not_o to_o admit_v or_o call_v in_o any_o foreign_a assistance_n without_o the_o especial_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o stand_a militia_n nor_o raise_v force_n private_o not_o to_o send_v aid_n to_o any_o other_o prince_n without_o consent_n as_o aforesaid_a nor_o to_o commit_v the_o trust_n of_o fort_n or_o castle_n to_o stranger_n or_o plebeian_n but_o to_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o land_a nobility_n beside_o all_o these_o engagement_n there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v he_o in_o the_o field_n according_a to_o the_o late_a constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o and_o several_a other_o before_o he_o be_v also_o
express_o forbid_v to_o undertake_v any_o offensive_a war_n as_o a_o affair_n whole_o belong_v to_o the_o general_n assembly_n again_o his_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o enter_v into_o new_a league_n be_v so_o far_o limit_v that_o neither_o shall_v be_v valid_a unless_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a estate_n only_o ancient_a alliance_n may_v be_v renew_v by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senator_n resident_a at_o court_n what_o his_o power_n be_v in_o raise_v tribute_n and_o tax_n may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o the_o word_n of_o konarscius_n in_o fredo_n p._n 98._o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n say_v he_o have_v exempt_v thou_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n from_o all_o charge_n and_o expense_n it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o pay_v the_o soldiery_n and_o to_o furnish_v the_o magazine_n thou_o with_o their_o joint_n and_o mutual_a consent_n to_o proclaim_v war_n overcome_v and_o triumph_v the_o coinage_n of_o money_n be_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o poland_n know_v money_n be_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o king_n but_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o the_o year_n 1422_o make_v a_o promise_n not_o to_o coin_v any_o money_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o counsellor_n which_o law_n be_v renew_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1632_o and_o insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o the_o present_a king_n nor_o be_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n that_o casimir_n jagello_n grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n elbing_n and_o thorn_n the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n which_o they_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n the_o prerogative_n of_o confer_v employment_n and_o honour_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v supreme_a judge_n and_o arbyter_n of_o merit_n and_o reward_n and_o dispose_v of_o all_o as_o well_o ecclesiastical_a as_o civil_a dignity_n yet_o this_o illustrious_a prerogative_n suffer_v some_o eclipse_n too_o for_o first_o the_o king_n can_v advance_v no_o foreigner_n nor_o any_o person_n who_o have_v no_o land_n in_o the_o province_n where_o the_o preferment_n lie_v next_o he_o can_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o office_n either_o of_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n three_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o supply_v such_o as_o be_v vacant_a by_o a_o time_n limit_v four_o he_o engage_v himself_o not_o to_o bestow_v the_o office_n of_o bishop_n nor_o the_o command_n of_o palatine_a castellane_n or_o captain_n upon_o any_o of_o his_o son_n grandchild_n or_o other_o relation_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n five_o he_o be_v restrain_v from_o confer_v a_o plurality_n of_o high_a dignity_n upon_o one_o person_n last_o he_o be_v bind_v not_o to_o seek_v any_o private_a advantage_n by_o the_o advancement_n of_o any_o man_n and_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o promise_n of_o preferment_n make_v in_o order_n to_o his_o advancement_n to_o the_o crown_n shall_v be_v invalid_a but_o grant_v his_o power_n to_o be_v considerable_a in_o confer_v of_o honour_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o deprive_v the_o same_o person_n though_o ill_a deserve_n of_o the_o honour_n once_o confer_v upon_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o with_o their_o approbation_n he_o may_v remove_v from_o their_o employment_n not_o only_o secular_o but_o ecclesiastic_n by_o the_o same_o permission_n he_o have_v also_o power_n to_o create_v duke_n earls_z and_o baron_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o make_v so_o few_o be_v because_o the_o polish_v nobility_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o other_o superiority_n one_o among_o another_o than_o what_o come_v by_o birthright_n and_o because_o they_o be_v very_o cautious_a of_o admit_v stranger_n he_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o advance_v any_o foreigner_n into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o nobility_n by_o way_n of_o naturalisation_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n first_o 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without_o issue_n 804_o lescus_n ii_o the_o polish_v nobility_n have_v agree_v to_o ride_v a_o race_n for_o the_o government_n one_o of_o the_o competitor_n strew_v galltrap_n tribulos_fw-la in_o the_o way_n and_o thereby_o so_o disable_v all_o the_o horse_n save_o his_o own_o which_o he_o have_v shod_a for_o the_o purpose_n that_o he_o win_v the_o prize_n the_o cheat_n be_v discover_v he_o be_v tear_v in_o piece_n by_o they_o and_o this_o lescus_n a_o poor_a obscure_a man_n who_o outrun_v the_o rest_n on_o foot_n from_o be_v the_o scorn_n of_o the_o multitude_n be_v by_o the_o popular_a applause_n salute_v prince_n he_o always_o after_o keep_v by_o he_o the_o course_n clothes_n he_o have_v former_o wear_v to_o mind_v he_o of_o his_o original_n 810_o lescus_n iii_o 815_o popielus_n 1_n 830_o popielus_n ii_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v eat_v up_o by_o mouse_n through_o god_n judgement_n as_o be_v conceive_v for_o the_o murder_n commit_v by_o he_o for_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v poison_v all_o his_o kindred_n that_o he_o may_v unite_v the_o slavonian_a principality_n to_o his_o own_o dukedom_n the_o second_o classis_fw-la of_o which_o there_o be_v much_o more_o certainty_n then_o of_o the_o former_a contain_v the_o follow_a prince_n 843_o piastus_n rusticus_n a_o citizen_n of_o cruswic_n of_o note_a hospitality_n and_o charity_n 861_o ziemovitus_n 892_o lescus_n iu._n 913_o ziemomyslus_n 964_o mieceslaus_n the_o first_o christian_n king_n he_o be_v bear_v blind_a and_o in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o age_n when_o at_o a_o public_a banquet_n his_o name_n be_v to_o be_v give_v he_o receive_v his_o sight_n he_o found_v the_o two_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n and_o cracovia_n with_o divers_a bishopric_n and_o give_v the_o tithe_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o a_o perpetual_a edict_n to_o the_o clergy_n 999_o boleslaus_n i._o he_o receive_v the_o title_n of_o king_n from_o otho_n iii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n his_o predecessor_n be_v no_o more_o than_o duke_n of_o poland_n 1025_o mieceslaus_n ii_o casimirus_n i._o drive_v out_o of_o poland_n in_o his_o minority_n by_o faction_n occasion_v from_o his_o mother_n ill_a government_n he_o travel_v through_o hungary_n germany_n italy_n and_o at_o last_o in_o france_n be_v make_v religious_a and_o deacon_n in_o the_o benedictine_n convent_n at_o clunie_n be_v invite_v thence_o to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o pole_n who_o to_o procure_v the_o pope_n dispensation_n for_o his_o vow_n condscend_v to_o a_o perpetual_a tribute_n of_o a_o obolus_fw-la per_fw-la head_n upon_o all_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o maintain_v lamp_n to_o burn_v in_o st._n peter_n church_n at_o rome_n call_v hence_o peter-pence_n 1059_o boleslaus_n ii_o surname_v the_o bold_a he_o murder_v stanislaus_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n as_o he_o be_v officiate_a at_o the_o altar_n for_o which_o he_o be_v excommunicate_v and_o depose_v by_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o his_o successor_n too_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o title_n of_o king_n the_o bishop_n be_v forbid_v to_o anoint_v any_o of_o they_o which_o continue_v for_o 213_o year_n till_o the_o time_n of_o premislaus_n 1082_o vladislaus_n 1_n 1103_o boleslaus_n krzywousci_n or_o the_o wry-mouthed_a he_o be_v record_v to_o have_v be_v a_o victor_n in_o forty_o battle_n but_o be_v force_v to_o retreat_n out_o of_o the_o field_n at_o his_o last_o battle_n against_o the_o russian_n he_o die_v for_o grief_n 1140_o vladislaus_n ii_o 1146_o boleslaus_n iv_o surname_v the_o curl_a 1174_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o old_a so_o call_v for_o his_o prudence_n though_o but_o a_o young_a man_n he_o be_v depose_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o evil_a counsellor_n and_o twice_o by_o his_o cunning_n regain_v the_o kingdom_n 1178_o casimirus_n ii_o this_o prince_n have_v receive_v a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n from_o one_o of_o his_o page_n who_o money_n he_o have_v win_v at_o play_n acquit_v the_o boy_n say_v that_o the_o lad_n be_v transport_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o money_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o prostitute_v his_o dignity_n 1195_o lescus_n the_o white_a 1199_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o old_a again_o lescus_n the_o white_a again_o 1202_o mieceslaus_n the_o old_a a_o three_o time_n 1203_o vadislaus_n lasconogus_n or_o small-shanked_a 1206_o lescus_n the_o white_a a_o three_o time_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o teutonick_n knight_n or_o knight_n of_o the_o cross_n take_v foot_v in_o prussia_n be_v call_v in_o by_o his_o brother_n conradus_n duke_n of_o masovia_n and_o cujavia_n to_o assist_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n 1226_o boleslaus_n iv_o surname_v the_o chaste_a because_o he_o never_o know_v his_o wife_n all_o the_o while_o he_o be_v marry_v to_o she_o in_o his_o time_n the_o polander_n receive_v so_o great_a a_o overthrow_n from_o the_o tartar_n that_o the_o right_a ear_n only_o of_o the_o slay_v fill_v nine_o large_a sack_n 1279_o lescus_n the_o black_n during_o his_o reign_n the_o tartar_n make_v another_o inundation_n into_o poland_n and_o carry_v away_o so_o many_o captive_n that_o it_o be_v say_v above_o 21000_o virgin_n be_v count_v among_o they_o at_o the_o division_n of_o their_o booty_n the_o man_n they_o general_o murder_v and_o poison_v their_o heart_n cast_v they_o into_o the_o water_n from_o whence_o sundry_a new_a disease_n be_v occasion_v among_o other_o some_o say_v the_o plica_fw-la polonica_fw-la 1295_o premislaus_n he_o reign_v seven_o month_n and_o in_o that_o time_n re-assumed_n the_o title_n of_o king_n be_v crown_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n 1296_o vladislaus_n lochius_fw-la so_o call_v from_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o stature_n lokiek_v signify_v a_o ell._n 1300_o wenceslaus_n the_o bohemian_a 1305_o vladislaus_n lochius_fw-la again_o 1333_o casimirus_n surname_v the_o great_a and_o the_o last_o of_o the_o family_n of_o piasti_n to_o who_o poland_n owe_v all_o its_o beauty_n grandeur_n and_o
riches_n 1370_o lodowick_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o nephew_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a hitherto_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a except_o when_o the_o king_n die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o three_o class_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v elective_a vladislaus_n jagello_n be_v oblige_v to_o swear_v as_o hartknoch_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o receive_v it_o by_o election_n and_o not_o succession_n this_o class_n contain_v the_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1386_o vladislaus_n jagello_n choose_a husband_n to_o heduiges_n second_o daughter_n to_o lodowic_n and_o therewith_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n his_o dominion_n of_o litvania_n samogitia_n and_o part_n of_o prussia_n become_v christian_n himself_o and_o endeavour_v the_o conversion_n of_o those_o nation_n and_o last_o pay_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o florin_n to_o william_n duke_n of_o austria_n forfeit_v by_o heduiges_n who_o be_v before_o contract_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n he_o be_v a_o pious_a prince_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o university_n at_o cracow_n 1434_o vladislaus_n iii_o 1447_o casimirus_n iu._n it_o be_v very_o memorable_a what_o loccenius_n report_v of_o this_o king_n how_o that_o meeting_n with_o charles_n king_n of_o swedeland_n at_o dantzick_n he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v a_o monk_n to_o talk_v latin_a with_o the_o say_a king_n who_o understand_v not_o polish_v but_o talk_v latin_a accurate_o hereupon_o casimir_n be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o follower_n return_v home_n cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v that_o from_o thenceforward_a no_o man_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o any_o dignity_n except_o he_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v latin_n whence_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v ever_o since_o excel_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n 1492_o johannes_n albertus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o tartar_n lay_v waste_v rusia_n podolia_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1501_o alexander_n this_o king_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o prodigal_a that_o have_v he_o rule_v long_o he_o will_v have_v beggar_v the_o nation_n his_o queen_n helena_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v crown_v because_o be_v a_o greek_a she_o refuse_v to_o conform_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n 1507_o sigismond_n i._o reckon_v by_o paulus_n jovius_n one_o of_o the_o three_o worthy_n charles_n v._o emperor_n and_o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n be_v the_o other_o who_o have_v they_o not_o be_v contemporary_a prince_n deserve_v single_o to_o have_v rule_v the_o whole_a world_n beside_o the_o large_a endowment_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o vast_a strength_n of_o body_n that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o he_o in_o his_o youth_n to_o break_v asunder_o horse-shoe_n and_o strong_a rope_n 1548_o sigismundus_n augustus_n in_o his_o time_n the_o lutheran_n religion_n begin_v first_o to_o take_v foot_v in_o poland_n the_o four_o and_o last_o class_n contain_v a_o register_n of_o king_n elect_v out_o of_o divers_a family_n which_o occasion_v several_a interregna_fw-la the_o order_n of_o these_o prince_n be_v as_o follow_v 1574_o henry_n valois_n duke_n of_o anjou_n he_o flee_v from_o poland_n into_o france_n upon_o news_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n death_n and_o be_v thereupon_o depose_v by_o the_o estate_n he_o reign_v five_o month_n 1576_o stephen_n bathor_n palatine_n of_o transylvania_n 1587._o sigismond_n iii_o prince_n of_o sweden_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n iii_o be_v crown_v also_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o depose_v again_o by_o his_o subject_n chief_o for_o attempt_v to_o introduce_v the_o roman_a religion_n among_o they_o in_o which_o he_o have_v be_v educate_v by_o his_o mother_n his_o uncle_n charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o place_n 1632_o vladislaus_n iu_o famous_a for_o his_o many_o conquest_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o subdue_a muscovy_n of_o which_o he_o be_v elect_v tzar_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n 1648_o john_n casimir_n design_v for_o a_o religious_a and_o have_v live_v two_o year_n of_o probation_n among_o the_o jesuit_n but_o as_o hartknoch_n write_v nominate_v cardinal_n by_o innocent_a x._o before_o he_o take_v the_o vow_n of_o that_o order_n be_v elect_v king_n he_o marry_v his_o brother_n sigismund_n widow_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o diadem_n and_o retire_v into_o france_n 1669_o michael_n koributh_n duke_n of_o wisniowiec_n a_o unfortunate_a prince_n who_o lose_v caminiec_n to_o the_o turk_n 1674_o john_n sobieski_n former_o general_n against_o the_o turk_n now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1679._o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n except_o she_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n be_v never_o crown_v nor_o then_o unless_o the_o king_n himself_o request_v it_o who_o be_v always_o present_a at_o her_o coronation_n during_o his_o life_n the_o charge_n of_o her_o court_n be_v defray_v out_o of_o his_o exchequer_n but_o after_o his_o death_n she_o maintain_v herself_o out_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n make_v over_o to_o she_o upon_o marriage_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v famous_a as_o well_o for_o the_o nobility_n as_o number_v of_o person_n among_o who_o he_o that_o precede_v all_o the_o rest_n both_o in_o dignity_n and_o place_n be_v the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n who_o always_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o right_a hand_n he_o have_v belong_v to_o his_o court_n a_o marshal_n who_o be_v also_o a_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o castellane_n this_o marshal_n ride_v before_o the_o archbishop_n coach_n and_o when_o he_o go_v to_o court_n carry_v a_o staff_n before_o he_o upright_o till_o he_o come_v into_o the_o king_n chamber_n where_o he_o turn_v it_o downward_o his_o authority_n be_v so_o great_a that_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o other_o marshal_n he_o bear_v the_o staff_n of_o authority_n before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o general_a assembly_n the_o archbishop_n have_v also_o a_o cross_n bear_v before_o he_o which_o the_o bearer_n hold_v upright_o behind_o his_o chair_n whilst_o he_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n next_o to_o the_o marshal_n be_v the_o chancellor_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o public_a affair_n both_o in_o church_n and_o state_n the_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o archbishop_n court_n be_v the_o chamberlain_n master_n of_o request_n steward_n of_o his_o table_n treasurer_n chaplain_n library-keeper_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o clerk_n of_o the_o kitchin_n as_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n while_o his_o meat_n be_v go_v up_o to_o table_n whether_o at_o home_n or_o abroad_o the_o drum_n beat_v when_o he_o come_v to_o court_n he_o go_v direct_o to_o the_o king_n never_o wait_v his_o majesty_n leisure_n or_o any_o prefix_a time_n and_o upon_o notice_n of_o his_o come_n he_o be_v meet_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n by_o the_o sub-chamberlain_n at_o the_o top_n by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court._n when_o he_o approach_v the_o royal_a presence_n the_o king_n himself_o go_v some_o pace_n to_o meet_v he_o the_o title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v he_o be_v to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n by_o other_o he_o be_v style_v most_o high_a and_o most_o reverend_a lord_n lord_n n._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o apostolic_a see_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n legate_n bear_v primate_n and_o chief_a prince_n of_o the_o polonian_a nobility_n his_o prerogative_n be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o give_v not_o place_n to_o any_o cardinal_n for_o which_o reason_n no_o cardinal_n be_v ambitious_a of_o be_v send_v into_o poland_n next_o to_o he_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n take_v place_n after_o these_o two_o archbishop_n the_o bishop_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o cracow_n 2._o cujavia_n who_o be_v also_o bishop_n of_o vladislow_n and_o pomerania_n 3._o vilna_n and_o 4._o posnania_n by_o turn_n 5._o polockzo_n 6._o varmia_n and_o 7._o luceorea_n by_o turn_n 8._o praemislia_n 9_o samogitia_n or_o mednic_n 10._o culmo_fw-la 11._o chelmo_n 12._o kiovia_n and_o zernichovia_n 13._o kamienieck_n 14._o smolensko_n these_o bishop_n sit_v on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n next_o the_o two_o archbishop_n concern_v the_o revenue_n and_o splendour_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o poland_n see_v cromer_n l._n 2._o descript_n pol._n pag._n 177._o and_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n in_o vita_fw-la angelotti_n fol._n 310._o bishop_n by_o the_o law_n be_v forbid_v to_o hold_v abbey_n in_o commendam_fw-la with_o their_o bishopric_n only_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n and_o kamienieck_n have_v lose_v their_o revenue_n be_v now_o permit_v that_o liberty_n for_o their_o subsistence_n next_o to_o the_o bishop_n sit_v
the_o palatine_n or_o woiwodes_n and_o castellanes_n the_o palatine_n be_v governor_n of_o dutchy_n or_o county_n commander_n of_o their_o militia_n in_o the_o general_a expedition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n appoint_v convention_n of_o the_o noble_n within_o their_o own_o palatinate_n and_o preside_v in_o they_o and_o in_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o have_v the_o patronage_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o poland_n they_o be_v the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o secular_a senator_n the_o castellane_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o palatine_n command_v in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o nobility_n under_o they_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o belong_v to_o one_o palatine_n each_o of_o they_o have_v his_o district_n or_o castellanate_n and_o from_o hence_o his_o title_n and_o general_o some_o revenue_n but_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n only_o as_o he_o be_v a_o senator_n the_o castellane_n of_o cracow_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o palatine_a upon_o the_o rebellion_n of_o scarbimirus_n the_o palatine_a against_o boleslaus_n iii_o the_o castellane_n of_o vilna_n and_o troco_n together_o with_o the_o captain_n of_o samogitia_n the_o only_a captain_n in_o the_o senate_n have_v pre-eminence_n in_o consideration_n of_o their_o antiquity_n the_o palatine_n be_v seat_v thus_o 1._o the_o castellane_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o 2._o cracow_n and_o 3._o posnania_n by_o turn_n 4._o vilna_n 5._o sandomiria_n 6._o castellane_n of_o vilna_n the_o palatine_n of_o 7._o calistia_n 8._o troco_n 9_o sirad_n 10._o castellane_n of_o troco_n 11._o palatine_n of_o lenschet_fw-mi 11._o captain_n of_o samogitia_n palatine_n of_o 13._o bressic_n 14._o kiovia_n 15._o inouladislow_n 16._o russia_n former_o of_o leopol_n 17._o volhinia_n 18._o podolia_n former_o caminiecz_n 19_o smolensko_n 20._o lublin_n 21._o plockzow_n 22._o belze_n 23._o novogrod_n 24._o ploco_fw-la 25._o vitepz_n 26._o masovia_n former_o culmo_fw-la 27._o podlachia_n 28._o rava_n 29._o brzecienski_n 30._o culmo_fw-la 31._o mscislavia_n 32._o mariaeburgh_n 33._o breslow_n 34._o pomerania_n 35._o minsco_n 36._o czernichow_n after_o these_o palatine_n sit_v the_o castellane_n distinguish_v into_o great_a and_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v these_o 1._o posnania_n 2._o sendomir_n 3._o calissia_n 4._o voynicz_n 5._o gnesna_n 6._o sirad_n 7._o lenschet_fw-mi 8._o samogitia_n 9_o brestie_n 10._o kiovia_n 11._o inouladislow_n 12._o leopol_n 13._o volhinia_n 14._o camieniecz_n 15._o smolensko_n 16._o lublin_n 17._o belze_n 18._o novogrod_n 19_o ploco_fw-la 20._o witepz_n 21._o czetne_v 22._o podlachia_n 23._o rava_n 24._o brzescia_n 25._o culmo_fw-la 26._o mscilow_n 27._o elbing_n 28._o breslow_n 29._o dantzic_n 30._o mirisco_n 31._o czernichow_n the_o lesser_a castellane_n be_v 1._o sandecia_n 2._o medirec_n 3._o wislick_n 4._o biecie_fw-la 5._o rogosnow_n 6._o radan_n 7._o zawichost_n 8._o lenden_n 9_o srim_n 10._o tarnow_n 11._o malagost_n 12._o vielun_n 13._o praemissia_fw-la 14._o halicie_n 15._o senoc_n 16._o chelmo_n 17._o dobrzin_n 18._o polaniecz_n 19_o premetenski_n 20._o krivin_fw-fr 21._o czechow_n 22._o nackle_n 23._o rospir_n 24._o biechow_n 25._o bidgost_n 26._o briesin_n 27._o kruswic_n 28._o oswiecz_n 29._o camienecz_n 30._o spicimiria_n 31._o inoulad_a 32._o kowale_n 33._o santoc_n 34._o sochaczow_n 35._o warsow_n 36._o gostinin_n 37._o visna_n 38._o raciecz_n 39_o sierpz_n 40._o wysogrogende_fw-la 41._o ripin_n 42._o zacochim_n 43._o ciechanon_n 44._o live_v 45._o slonsco_n 46._o lubaczow_n 47._o konar_n in_o sirad_n 48._o konar_n in_o lenschot_n 49._o konar_n in_o cujavia_n these_o be_v call_v the_o lesser_a as_o be_v more_o late_o admit_v into_o the_o senate_n to_o great_a castellane_n they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o wielmozni_n or_o magnifici_fw-la to_o the_o lesser_a that_o of_o vrodzeni_n or_o generosi_fw-la but_o by_o private_a person_n all_o castellane_n be_v call_v jasnie_n wielmozni_n or_o illustrissimi_fw-la it_o be_v establish_v by_o law_n that_o none_o may_v be_v either_o palatine_a or_o castellane_n in_o that_o province_n in_o which_o he_o have_v no_o land_n the_o low_a in_o degree_n among_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o the_o supreme_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n 3._o the_o high_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o chancellor_n of_o lithvania_n 5._o the_o pro-chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 6._o the_o pro-chancellor_n of_o lithvania_n 7._o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 8._o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithvania_n 9_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n for_o the_o kingdom_n 10._o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n the_o office_n of_o the_o supreme_a marshal_n be_v to_o call_v the_o senate_n upon_o command_n of_o the_o king_n or_o interrex_n to_o command_v silence_n and_o give_v leave_v of_o speak_v therein_o to_o promulgate_v their_o act_n to_o the_o people_n and_o to_o pronounce_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o king_n decree_n in_o all_o cause_n of_o infamy_n and_o death_n he_o prepare_v the_o place_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o have_v the_o chief_a management_n of_o matter_n in_o those_o assembly_n receive_v foreign_a prince_n and_o ambassador_n at_o their_o arrival_n provide_v they_o with_o lodging_n perform_v also_o most_o of_o the_o function_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n steward_n of_o the_o king_n household_n in_o the_o public_a assembly_n or_o when_o he_o go_v before_o the_o king_n he_o carry_v a_o staff_n upright_o while_o the_o king_n reside_v in_o lithvania_n the_o marshal_n of_o lithvania_n have_v the_o same_o power_n there_o the_o chancellor_n be_v both_o secular_a person_n and_o the_o office_n of_o chancellor_n and_o pro-chancellor_n be_v the_o same_o only_o the_o chancellor_n keep_v the_o great_a and_o the_o pro-chancellor_n the_o lesser_a seal_n in_o short_a these_o two_o be_v the_o mouth_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o all_o business_n the_o treasurer_n be_v the_o steward_n of_o the_o public_a treasury_n and_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n when_o the_o king_n bestow_v this_o office_n upon_o any_o one_o four_o senator_n be_v appoint_v to_o deliver_v the_o treasury_n to_o he_o by_o a_o inventory_n of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o copy_n one_o with_o the_o king_n another_z with_o the_o treasurer_n and_o the_o three_o they_o keep_v themselves_o this_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o reference_n to_o all_o the_o senator_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o stir_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o particular_a licence_n of_o the_o grand_a estate_n and_o upon_o some_o press_a occasion_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o officer_n about_o the_o court_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n as_o the_o principal_a secretary_n master_n of_o request_n captain_n general_n etc._n etc._n i_o spare_v to_o mention_v be_v muchwhat_a the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o nation_n only_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o of_o every_o sort_n one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o other_o for_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n the_o master_n of_o request_n be_v always_o present_a when_o the_o king_n sit_v to_o determine_v controversy_n and_o difference_n among_o his_o subject_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o nature_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o controversy_n to_o the_o king_n they_o stand_v fair_a upon_o a_o vacancy_n to_o be_v admit_v senator_n the_o magistrate_n for_o the_o several_a district_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n that_o be_v land_n or_o camp-magistrate_n the_o land_n magistrate_n be_v 1._o the_o vice-chamberlain_n or_o judge_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n 2._o the_o standard-bearer_n 3._o the_o land-judg_n 4._o the_o tribune_n 5._o the_o land-register_n 6._o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o treasury_n beside_o some_o other_o inferior_a officer_n the_o camp_n or_o military_a officer_n be_v 1._o the_o captain_n with_o jurisdiction_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o some_o town_n or_o castle_n 2._o the_o captain_n without_o jurisdiction_n 3._o the_o burggrave_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o some_o castle_n and_z takes_z care_n of_o the_o outguard_n 4._o the_o vice-captain_n 5._o the_o judg-advocate_n 6._o the_o field-register_n the_o council_n council_n council_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n 1._o civil_a to_o which_o the_o counsellor_n come_v in_o their_o gown_n 2._o military_a to_o which_o they_o come_v in_o military_a habit_n the_o latter_a be_v only_o hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o interregnum_fw-la the_o former_a be_v frequent_o call_v and_o be_v 1._o ordinary_a which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v summon_v once_o in_o two_o year_n 2._o extraordinary_a which_o be_v assemble_v as_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v when_o either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a council_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v the_o king_n by_o his_o letter_n summon_v
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
way_n beyond_o the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n take_v within_o its_o precinct_n the_o territory_n of_o kiow_n and_o braclaw_n which_o go_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o vkrain_n speak_v of_o before_o yet_o since_o the_o treaty_n ratify_v between_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1677_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o hither_o volhinia_n be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n walachia_n too_o and_o moldavia_n be_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o soon_o after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n casimir_n lose_v they_o both_o back_n again_o to_o the_o turk_n for_o when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a trouble_n he_o have_v in_o defend_v prussia_n against_o the_o teutonic_n order_n he_o can_v not_o possible_o succour_v those_o part_n the_o palatine_a of_o walachia_n strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o mahomet_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 2000_o crown_n since_o that_o time_n the_o palatine_n of_o walachia_n have_v sometime_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o turk_n sometime_o to_o the_o polander_n but_o keep_v their_o word_n with_o neither_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n of_o repossess_v themselves_o of_o these_o part_n but_o fear_v to_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o so_o potent_a a_o enemy_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n for_o so_o mean_v a_o stake_n they_o have_v rather_o choose_v to_o resign_v they_o quiet_o and_o suffer_v he_o still_o to_o enjoy_v they_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o turk_n shall_v constitute_v no_o vicegerent_n in_o these_o their_o neighbour_a province_n but_o such_o as_o be_v lineal_o descend_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o moldavia_n and_o consequent_o of_o a_o polish_v stock_n nor_o shall_v demand_v any_o arbitrary_a but_o a_o certain_a fix_a and_o determine_v tribute_n but_o these_o privilege_n the_o pole_n have_v now_o lose_v insomuch_o that_o the_o turk_n be_v grow_v absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n and_o govern_v it_o by_o who_o and_o how_o he_o please_v but_o these_o two_o country_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o the_o great_a turk_n who_o find_v a_o occasion_n to_o pick_v a_o quarrel_n with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o he_o know_v himself_o able_a to_o conquer_v wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o advance_v further_o into_o this_o king_n dominion_n with_o a_o vast_a army_n he_o take_v camienec_n the_o best_a fortress_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v march_v further_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v he_o not_o be_v stop_v with_o proposal_n of_o peace_n from_o king_n michael_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o the_o polander_n shall_v quit_v all_o title_n to_o podolia_n and_o resign_v it_o whole_o to_o the_o turk_n that_o with_o podolia_n they_o shall_v also_o surrender_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o vkrain_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o grand_a signior_n a_o tribute_n of_o 22000_o ducat_n etc._n etc._n these_o condition_n propose_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o king_n alone_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o too_o dishonourable_a to_o be_v observe_v wherefore_o it_o be_v resolve_v they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o the_o outmost_a to_o recover_v brave_o what_o their_o king_n have_v so_o cowardly_o part_v with_o according_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1673_o they_o proclaim_v war_n against_o the_o turk_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o good_a success_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobieski_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n their_o then_o valorous_a general_n who_o on_o the_o 11_o of_o november_n discomfit_v the_o turkish_a army_n and_o retake_v the_o castle_n of_o chotim_n after_o many_o more_o bloody_a engagement_n in_o a_o war_n of_o several_a year_n continuance_n the_o peace_n be_v at_o last_o conclude_v in_o november_n 1676_o upon_o these_o and_o some_o other_o condition_n that_o the_o lipec-tartar_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o remove_v their_o good_n and_o family_n into_o podolia_n and_o there_o live_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n that_o the_o vkrain_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n that_o polish_v garrison_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o niemierow_n and_o kallik_a and_o the_o bassaw_n of_o camieniec_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v there_o till_o matter_n be_v adjust_v at_o the_o convention_n of_o ambassador_n at_o porte_fw-fr that_o pawolocz_n and_o bialocerkiew_n shall_v remain_v entire_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o polander_n that_o the_o resignation_n of_o podolia_n shall_v be_v debate_v by_o the_o ambassador_n at_o porte_fw-fr that_o in_o all_o place_n take_v by_o the_o turk_n the_o christian_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n etc._n etc._n these_o article_n be_v read_v and_o ratify_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n the_o 22_o day_n of_o february_n a.d._n 1677._o since_o which_o time_n the_o great_a turk_n have_v not_o answer_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o resign_v the_o country_n he_o have_v take_v podolia_n be_v doubtless_o worth_a seek_v after_o and_o too_o good_a to_o be_v part_v with_o upon_o slight_a term_n by_o those_o who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o by_o a_o fair_a conquest_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v their_o hold_n if_o what_o maginus_fw-la report_v of_o it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v so_o fruitful_a that_o in_o one_o night_n the_o grass_n will_v hide_v a_o rod_n and_o in_o a_o few_o day_n a_o plough_n volhinia_n be_v as_o well_o worth_a defend_n as_o podolia_n regain_n be_v a_o fruitful_a and_o plenteous_a country_n exceed_o well_o stock_v with_o corn_n sheep_n timber_n fish_n honey_n etc._n etc._n place_n of_o great_a note_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o luceoria_n or_o lusuc_n a_o bishop_n see_v first_o found_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n about_o the_o year_n 1374._o 2._o olyka_n a_o seat_n of_o some_o of_o the_o lithvanian_a duke_n among_o who_o john_n former_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n and_o nieswiesc_n with_o his_o brother_n nicolas_n radziwil_n marshal_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n be_v make_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o augspurg_n a.d._n 1547._o 3._o ostrog_n once_o the_o seat_n of_o duke_n to_o who_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n be_v immediate_o subject_a but_o that_o line_n be_v of_o late_o utter_o extinct_a the_o lesser_a poland_n the_o lesser_a poland_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n of_o the_o great_a from_o some_o part_n of_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o warta_n from_o other_o by_o the_o pilcza_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o vistula_n upon_o which_o be_v seat_v most_o of_o its_o great_a town_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o three_o palatinate_n of_o cracow_n sendomir_n and_o lublin_n this_o province_n as_o all_o poland_n have_v former_o be_v be_v very_o woody_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o heretofore_o occasion_v so_o many_o barbarous_a robbery_n as_o be_v usual_o commit_v under_o the_o shelter_n of_o their_o forest_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1450_o casimir_n call_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n only_o to_o consult_v of_o some_o mean_n to_o suppress_v the_o intolerable_a thievery_n practise_v among_o the_o generality_n of_o they_o the_o nobility_n not_o except_v but_o because_o many_o of_o the_o grandee_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n satisfy_v with_o this_o king_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n nothing_o can_v be_v effectual_o enact_v by_o his_o authority_n so_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n rapine_n and_o murder_n be_v increase_v rather_o then_o diminish_v for_o by_o these_o delay_n of_o justice_n the_o robber_n be_v come_v to_o that_o strength_n at_o last_o that_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o nobleman_n cauca_n sweborowski_n and_o john_n his_o brother_n they_o have_v fortify_v the_o mountain_n zebrace_n near_o oswenskim_n and_o several_a other_o place_n whither_o such_o army_n of_o ruffian_n continual_o flock_v as_o can_v not_o afterward_o be_v suppress_v without_o a_o deal_n of_o bloodshed_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n cracow_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o cracus_n gracus_fw-la or_o gracchus_n who_o the_o polander_n so_o they_o themselves_o say_v though_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n will_v needs_o make_v he_o one_o of_o their_o prince_n set_v over_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o grow_v weary_a of_o the_o twelve_o palatine_n who_o take_v the_o government_n into_o their_o hand_n upon_o the_o death_n
of_o lechus_n the_o first_o other_o think_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomey_n carodunum_fw-la corrupt_v into_o cracow_n this_o city_n as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a so_o it_o be_v the_o best_a build_v of_o any_o one_o in_o poland_n cromer_n set_v it_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a build_v city_n of_o germany_n or_o italy_n but_o we_o must_v allow_v he_o to_o stretch_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o commendation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v with_o board_n instead_o of_o slat_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a company_n of_o italian_a and_o german_a merchant_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o foreign_a ware_n as_o the_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o consist_v like_a london_n and_o paris_n of_o three_o part_n 1._o cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ancient_a city_n 2._o cazimiria_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o vistula_n 3._o stradomia_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o bridge_n the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whence_o it_o overlook_v both_o city_n and_o country_n it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o magnificent_a posture_n it_o now_o stand_v by_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a who_o add_v the_o gallery_n on_o the_o north_n side_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v one_o of_o the_o best_a prospect_n in_o europe_n the_o university_n of_o cracow_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a finish_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o performance_n of_o the_o last_o will_v and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwig_n and_o have_v its_o privilege_n confirm_v to_o it_o by_o pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o the_o scholar_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n leave_v the_o university_n upon_o a_o affront_n put_v on_o they_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n who_o refuse_v to_o execute_v justice_n upon_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n when_o in_o a_o quarrel_n they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o student_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n whence_o return_v lutheran_n they_o spread_v the_o reform_a opinion_n all_o poland_n over_o and_o get_v great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o cracow_n be_v make_v a_o archbishopric_n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o lampert_n zula_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a which_o begin_v a.d._n 1226_o asleep_o contest_v arise_v between_o jvo_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o vratislaw_n about_o precedency_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n upon_o his_o submissive_a appeal_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishop_n which_o only_o last_v during_o his_o life_n at_o this_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n wear_v a_o archbishops_n pall_n set_v rich_o with_o jewel_n which_o be_v the_o only_a relic_n they_o have_v of_o their_o ancient_a honour_n the_o next_o palatinate_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n sendomir_n sendomir_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n both_o build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o afterward_o die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o eat_v too_o free_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o poland_n here_o be_v nothing_o else_o worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o jvo_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o of_o sendomir_n as_o be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o palatine_a by_o casimir_n jagellonides_n lublin_n lublin_n the_o city_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o much_o frequent_v especial_o in_o the_o fair_n keep_v three_o time_n a_o year_n by_o christian_n jewish_a and_o turkish_a merchant_n it_o be_v much_o better_a fortifve_v by_o the_o marsh_n which_o environ_v it_o than_o its_o wall_n and_o more_o beholden_a to_o nature_n for_o its_o defence_n then_o either_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o wall_v it_o round_o or_o the_o russian_n who_o build_v the_o adjoin_a castle_n the_o great_a church_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o lescus_n the_o black_a upon_o a_o great_a conquest_n obtain_v against_o the_o lithvanians_n near_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n who_o in_o a_o vision_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n have_v promise_v he_o good_a success_n st._n bridget_n monastery_n among_o many_o other_o magnificent_a one_o be_v found_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n one_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n from_o which_o no_o appeal_n lie_v save_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v keep_v at_o lublin_n hither_o for_o judgement_n in_o controversy_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n repair_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracow_n sendomir_n russia_n podolia_n lublin_n belze_n podlassia_n volhinia_n braclaw_n kiow_n and_o czernichow_n or_o at_o least_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n of_o other_o country_n and_o province_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v former_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n contract_n or_o otherwise_o beside_o the_o place_n mention_v and_o at_o present_a subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n lay_v claim_n to_o many_o and_o large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o prince_n omit_v bohemia_n moravia_n wagria_n misnia_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o rugen_n mecklenburg_n and_o lunenburg_n which_o whatever_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a be_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n who_o be_v the_o only_a king_n that_o ever_o can_v plausible_o pretend_v a_o title_n to_o any_o part_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v confine_v our_o discourse_n to_o those_o country_n to_o which_o the_o polonian_a prince_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o just_a and_o legal_a title_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o poland_n silesia_n silesia_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lechus_n the_o first_o and_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n be_v high_o probable_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n who_o both_o of_o they_o make_v the_o river_n other_o the_o bound_n of_o poland_n beside_o the_o german_a chronologer_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n conquer_v the_o silesian_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o polish_v historian_n upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o be_v general_o positive_a in_o assert_v that_o silesia_n be_v always_o without_o any_o such_o intermission_n or_o conquest_n as_o the_o german_n strive_v to_o make_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n agree_v with_o the_o german_n affirm_v that_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n among_o his_o many_o other_o conquest_n regain_v selucia_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o time_n we_o find_v that_o casimir_n the_o first_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bicine_n to_o vratislaw_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o his_o day_n silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n not_o long_o after_o henry_n the_o iv_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o munster_n a.d._n 1086_o make_v over_o silesia_n lusatia_n and_o indeed_o all_o poland_n to_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o as_o cromer_n say_v he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o they_o whereupon_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o pole_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v the_o latter_a have_v the_o better_a since_o all_o historian_n agree_v that_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n government_n during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o three_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n flee_v first_o to_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o who_o bring_v boleslaus_n crispus_n duke_n of_o poland_n and_o brother_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o such_o strait_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n child_n but_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v make_v their_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1525_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o that_o part_n of_o prussia_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v ducal_z prussia_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n or_o regal_a prussia_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n shall_v always_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o king_n council_n last_o john_n casimir_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n grant_v first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o and_o again_o 1663._o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n over_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o dukedom_n upon_o defect_n of_o male_a issue_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o supreme_a landlord_n and_o be_v confer_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o onoldsbach_n and_o culmbach_n as_o feudatary_n muscovy_n muscovy_n how_o affair_n stand_v at_o present_a between_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o both_o party_n a.d._n 1667_o speak_v of_o before_o but_o former_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v lay_v claim_n and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n either_o by_o justice_n or_o the_o sword_n to_o several_a large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o first_o jorislaus_n duke_n of_o russia_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n a.d._n 1018._o afterward_o a.d._n 1069_o boleslaus_n ii_o possess_v himself_o of_o kiow_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o russia_n over_o which_o he_o set_v jesaslaus_n a_o tributary_n duke_n after_o his_o death_n continual_a war_n be_v between_o the_o two_o nation_n till_o casimir_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 1340_o reduce_v the_o southern_a russia_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n but_o how_o little_a of_o that_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v show_v before_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v style_v themselves_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n sweden_n upon_o no_o other_o pretence_n then_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n but_o this_o title_n cease_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n as_o have_v already_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o liefland_n of_o the_o pretension_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v see_v to_o what_o kingdom_n and_o country_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o former_a age_n claim_v a_o right_a and_o title_n and_o we_o may_v perhaps_o find_v as_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v challenge_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o as_o good_a ground_n but_o to_o omit_v the_o many_o conquest_n obtain_v by_o the_o russian_n bohemian_o hungarian_n and_o other_o over_o the_o pole_n enough_o to_o entitle_v any_o potent_a prince_n to_o their_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a pretension_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v those_o of_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v historian_n tell_v we_o that_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v create_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o before_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v only_a duke_n this_o story_n be_v confirm_v by_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a writer_n of_o poland_n a_o ancient_a epitaph_n find_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o posen_n in_o which_o among_o other_o commendation_n of_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v the_o follow_a rhythm_n tu_fw-la possedisti_fw-la velut_fw-la athleta_fw-la christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la slavorum_n gothorum_fw-la seu_fw-la polonorum_fw-la caesar_n praecellens_fw-la a_o te_fw-la ducalia_n pellens_fw-la and_o again_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n however_o though_o the_o historian_n of_o poland_n grant_v that_o boleslaus_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o king_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o they_o deny_v stubborn_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o subject_a or_o tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o conringius_n a_o ingenious_a and_o learned_a german_a physician_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la germanici_fw-la imperii_fw-la c._n 18._o have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a for_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a conquer_a poland_n as_o well_o as_o silesia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o christian_a prince_n of_o poland_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o the_o polish_v writer_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o otto_n iii_o remit_v all_o homage_n due_a otherwise_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n when_o he_o create_v he_o king_n after_o boleslaus_n death_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o his_o successor_n be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o usual_a tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o after_o this_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n very_o willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o be_v force_v out_o of_o their_o obstinate_a refusal_n at_o last_o in_o the_o long_a vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n soon_o after_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n during_o which_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o elect_a emperor_n whilst_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n be_v in_o a_o confuse_a distraction_n the_o polander_n take_v occasion_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o german_a yoke_n to_o which_o they_o can_v never_o since_o be_v reduce_v this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o relation_n which_o conringius_n give_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o poland_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n found_v chief_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o dithmarus_fw-la mersburgensis_n and_o helmoldus_n man_n of_o unquestionable_a veracity_n in_o their_o history_n hartknoch_n endeavour_v to_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n by_o say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v former_o pay_v some_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o who_o it_o be_v demand_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o tribute_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o necessary_o suppose_v any_o dependence_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a even_o with_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o to_o buy_v peace_n with_o money_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o make_v lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n pay_v for_o he_o but_o let_v he_o consider_v first_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o helmoldus_n chron._n slau._n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 9_o can_v be_v proper_o understand_v of_o any_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v usual_o pay_v by_o any_o nation_n upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n when_o he_o say_v seruit_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la speak_v of_o poland_n sicut_fw-la bohemia_n sub_fw-la tributo_fw-la imperatoriae_fw-la majestati_fw-la here_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o plain_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o his_o time_n as_o much_o tributary_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o bohemia_n and_o how_o true_o that_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n every_o historian_n will_v show_v again_o it_o be_v not_o very_o considerate_o do_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o dane_n or_o by_o lewis_n xi_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o both_o these_o be_v doubtless_o acknowledgement_n of_o subjection_n and_o homage_n the_o dane_n all_o know_v be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o our_o land_n for_o 26_o and_o make_v almost_o continual_a incursion_n into_o it_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 250_o year_n dane-gelt_a which_o perhaps_o hartknoch_n as_o some_o of_o our_o own_o historian_n have_v do_v mistake_v for_o a_o tribute_n or_o composition-money_n pay_v the_o dane_n upon_o any_o invasion_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o subsidy_n gather_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o danish_a fury_n afterward_o indeed_o the_o word_n be_v use_v to_o denote_v a_o tribute_n sometime_o amount_v to_o 72000_o pound_n levy_v yearly_a in_o england_n and_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o which_o payment_n the_o english_a be_v sure_a to_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o king_n displeasure_n this_o tribute_n be_v certain_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n which_o may_v have_v last_v long_o have_v not_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a line_n be_v peaceable_o unite_v in_o the_o pious_a king_n
forty_o to_o every_o timber_n and_o those_o of_o torna_fw-la be_v tax_v with_o the_o same_o number_n and_o short_o after_o by_o another_o agreement_n in_o the_o year_n 1528_o this_o number_n be_v double_v in_o the_o year_n 1602_o under_o charles_n ix_o they_o pay_v instead_o of_o skin_n every_o ten_o rain-deer_n and_o one_o ten_o of_o all_o their_o dry_a fish_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1606_o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o same_o king_n that_o over_o and_o above_o this_o certain_a tax_n every_o one_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o seventeen_o year_n shall_v pay_v either_o two_o buck_n or_o three_o do_v out_o of_o their_o rain-deer_n and_o eight_o pound_n of_o dry_a fish_n but_o this_o be_v find_v very_o burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n and_o the_o more_o because_o the_o magistrate_n take_v several_a occasion_n and_o pretence_n to_o increase_v their_o burden_n wherefore_o gustavus_n adolphus_n about_o the_o year_n 1611_o order_v they_o less_o more_o certain_a and_o equal_a payment_n either_o of_o money_n rain-deer_n or_o fur_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o largeness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o province_n or_o allotment_n wherein_o they_o dwell_v if_o the_o allotment_n be_v somewhat_o large_a such_o as_o they_o call_v even_o heel_n skat_n i._n e._n of_o whole_a tribute_n they_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o king_n two_o patacoon_n but_o if_o lesser_a even_o half_a skat_n i._n e._n of_o half_a tribute_n they_o pay_v but_o one_o patacoon_n or_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o fifty_o squirrel_n and_o two_o fox_n skin_n with_o one_o pair_n of_o laplandish_a shoe_n if_o any_o one_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o part_v with_o his_o rein-deer_n than_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v three_o patacoon_n which_o be_v the_o set_a price_n of_o it_o and_o can_v be_v refuse_v by_o the_o tax-master_n beside_o these_o great_a contribution_n of_o rain-deer_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v only_o impose_v on_o every_o hundred_o each_o particular_a family_n pay_v a_o lesser_a sort_n of_o tax_n which_o be_v constant_o levy_v upon_o it_o viz._n one_o white_a fox_n skin_n and_o one_o pair_n of_o shoe_n or_o instead_o of_o these_o half_o a_o pound_n of_o dry_a pike_n these_o be_v all_o the_o tribute_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v out_o of_o lapland_n which_o notwithstanding_o they_o may_v be_v a_o very_a considerable_a addition_n to_o the_o crown-revenue_n have_v be_v by_o the_o singular_a piety_n of_o their_o late_a prince_n either_o whole_o or_o in_o the_o great_a part_n allow_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o minister_n and_o endowment_n of_o public_a school_n in_o the_o laplandish_a country_n and_o because_o the_o laplander_n be_v thus_o oblige_v to_o pay_v tribute_n of_o money_n and_o fur_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n fair_n market_n 〈◊〉_d fair_n which_o every_o native_a can_v provide_v himself_o with_o but_o must_v procure_v by_o bargain_v and_o trade_n they_o have_v several_a market_n and_o fair_n appoint_v among_o they_o whither_o merchant_n of_o other_o country_n as_o muscovy_n norway_n and_o sweden_n especial_o resort_n and_o bring_v with_o they_o those_o commodity_n the_o native_n think_v most_o valuable_a exchange_v they_o for_o fur_n or_o what_o else_o this_o country_n afford_v frequent_o to_o the_o laplander_n small_a but_o the_o buyer_n great_a gain_n these_o fair_n they_o practise_v even_o by_o the_o little_a light_n of_o reason_n from_o their_o beginning_n as_o all_o other_o nation_n do_v for_o when_o one_o abound_v and_o another_o want_n it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o meetingplace_n to_o supply_v one_o another_o but_o these_o lap_n fear_v or_o abhor_v the_o face_n of_o a_o stranger_n be_v put_v to_o some_o difficulty_n in_o their_o barter_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n but_o to_o leave_v their_o commodity_n at_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o after_o a_o while_n return_v accept_v what_o the_o buyer_n be_v please_v to_o leave_v in_o exchange_n for_o they_o therefore_o charles_n ix_o encourage_v they_o to_o a_o more_o confident_a and_o profitable_a way_n of_o traffic_n appoint_v two_o or_o more_o public_a fair_n in_o every_o province_n and_o set_v certain_a different_a rate_n upon_o all_o their_o commodity_n so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n they_o not_o only_a barter_n but_o have_v no_o small_a dexterity_n in_o overreach_v and_o cozen_a stranger_n chapman_n of_o late_o also_o they_o have_v some_o quantity_n of_o money_n bring_v in_o among_o they_o and_o they_o understand_v the_o use_n of_o it_o but_o even_o yet_o be_v either_o so_o stupid_a or_o unaccustomed_a to_o arithmetic_n that_o they_o have_v but_o very_o few_o species_n current_a among_o they_o which_o be_v the_o patacoon_n and_o half_a patacoon_n beside_o some_o very_a few_o brass_n piece_n of_o small_a value_n but_o all_o their_o commodity_n be_v estimate_v according_a to_o the_o patacoon_n as_o the_o best_a bear_n or_o fox_n skin_n at_o one_o patacoon_n forty_o squirrel_n or_o one_o martron_n at_o half_a a_o patacoon_n and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o manner_n of_o trade_v will_v be_v very_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o buyer_n if_o there_o be_v not_o customary_o a_o price_n also_o tacit_o set_v upon_o what_o they_o import_v as_o a_o suit_n of_o clothes_n be_v by_o they_o estimate_v at_o three_o patacoon_n and_o one_o pair_n of_o shoe_n or_o four_o pair_n of_o mitten_n at_o half_a a_o patacoon_n and_o the_o like_a but_o though_o they_o use_v trade_v yet_o not_o all_o of_o they_o nor_o any_o of_o they_o out_o of_o necessity_n for_o they_o can_v and_o many_o do_v make_v a_o shift_n with_o their_o natural_a convenience_n use_v themselves_o to_o as_o much_o hardship_n as_o nature_n can_v endure_v fix_a habitation_n they_o have_v none_o â—â—â—ving_v â—â—â—er_o â—â—â—ving_v but_o remove_v their_o dwelling_n according_a to_o the_o season_n for_o hunt_v etc._n etc._n though_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n ix_o this_o their_o wander_a be_v restrain_v by_o his_o confine_v every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o his_o own_o province_n those_o that_o like_a herdsman_n live_v upon_o their_o stock_n of_o rain-deer_n in_o summer_n frequent_v the_o mountain_n which_o be_v too_o cold_a in_o winter_n they_o retire_v to_o the_o valley_n carry_v with_o they_o their_o house_n and_o stuff_n either_o upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o rain-deer_n or_o if_o of_o great_a quantity_n upon_o sledde_n in_o basket_n the_o artificial_a make_n of_o which_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o employment_n their_o dwelling-house_n be_v build_v after_o the_o most_o natural_a and_o homely_a fashion_n dwelling-house_n their_o dwelling-house_n make_v only_o to_o secure_v they_o against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n and_o the_o assault_n of_o wild_a beast_n after_o this_o manner_n first_o they_o erect_v four_o post_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o square_a which_o they_o bound_v together_o with_o cross-girder_n and_o rear_v to_o they_o small_a piece_n fasten_v all_o with_o wyth_n these_o except_o the_o door-place_n the_o poor_a sort_n whole_o cover_v with_o bough_n of_o tree_n or_o such_o like_a stuff_n the_o rich_a with_o a_o course_n woollen_a cloth_n or_o a_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o canvas_n in_o these_o house_n or_o tent_n they_o have_v two_o door_n the_o fore-door_n which_o be_v of_o common_a use_n and_o entrance_n for_o the_o whole_a family_n and_o the_o backdoor_n through_o which_o the_o man_n pass_v and_o that_o only_o when_o they_o go_v a_o hunt_n fish_v etc._n etc._n but_o all_o woman_n be_v forbid_v it_o either_o because_o that_o sex_n be_v think_v to_o be_v very_o inauspicious_a to_o those_o exercise_n for_o if_o any_o when_o he_o be_v go_v to_o hunt_v do_v but_o meet_v a_o woman_n he_o present_o return_v back_o and_o leave_v his_o design_n for_o that_o day_n or_o because_o the_o image_n of_o their_o god_n thor_n be_v common_o place_v near_o their_o backdoor_n from_o who_o sacrifice_n and_o presence_n all_o womenkind_n as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v whole_o exclude_v these_o house_n be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a partition_n not_o by_o any_o wall_n but_o only_o by_o great_a post_n or_o log_n of_o wood_n lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n their_o fire-place_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a family_n lie_v either_o upon_o the_o bare_a earth_n or_o upon_o the_o skin_n of_o rain-deer_n bear_n etc._n etc._n when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o change_v their_o habitation_n which_o they_o do_v constant_o twice_o a_o year_n they_o untie_v this_o their_o tent_n take_v it_o away_o with_o they_o and_o pitch_v it_o in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n another_o sort_n of_o house_n among_o they_o be_v the_o granary_n or_o storehouse_n which_o that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o secure_v their_o provision_n from_o wild_a beast_n and_o vermin_n they_o do_v not_o build_v upon_o the_o ground_n but_o at_o some_o small_a distance_n from_o it_o upon_o
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
trade_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d north_n or_o north-east_n of_o sudermannia_n lie_v the_o province_n of_o vpland_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n in_o the_o country_n or_o as_o some_o say_v from_o king_n vbbon_n who_o reign_v here_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n side_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n by_o the_o river_n see_v and_o dalecarle_n this_o country_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n with_o which_o it_o supply_v the_o neighbour_a province_n some_o few_o mine_n it_o have_v of_o lead_n and_o iron_n especial_o some_o also_o of_o silver_n though_o not_o dig_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o land_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v they_o folk-land_n 1._o tihundria_n which_o lie_v most_o northerly_a of_o any_o and_o take_v its_o name_n from_o ten_o prefecture_n or_o hundred_o into_o which_o it_o be_v share_v out_o 2._o athundria_n lie_v betwixt_o vpsal_n and_o stockholm_n so_o call_v because_o it_o contain_v eight_o prefecture_n 3._o fiedrundria_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o four_o prefecture_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n enkope_v four_o league_n from_o vpsal_n and_o seven_o from_o stockholm_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v as_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n that_o it_o as_o the_o county_n in_o england_n be_v share_v out_o into_o several_a prefecture_n or_o hundred_o as_o erling-hundrat_a etc._n etc._n each_o of_o they_o contain_v at_o first_o one_o hundred_o family_n all_o two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o other_o province_n but_o their_o division_n be_v call_v harodh_n har_n signify_v a_o army_n and_o odh_n a_o possession_n all_o which_o at_o first_o be_v supply_v with_o inhabitant_n from_o this_o province_n of_o vpland_n for_o when_o family_n increase_v above_o their_o hundred_o some_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o army_n be_v single_v out_o and_o list_v to_o go_v and_o people_n or_o 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year_n after_o the_o flood_n 240_o but_o as_o other_o from_o its_o situation_n upon_o the_o river_n sala_n here_o be_v former_o the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n for_o which_o reason_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o city_n one_o of_o their_o title_n be_v vpsala-konung_a i.e._n king_n of_o vpsal_n here_o be_v also_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a and_o the_o seat_n of_o their_o only_a archbishop_n continue_v to_o it_o to_o this_o day_n fortify_v it_o be_v by_o one_o only_a castle_n build_v after_o the_o modern_a not_o ancient_a gothick_n fashion_n upon_o a_o high_a hill_n some_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o city_n overlook_v and_o command_v the_o whole_a town_n begin_v by_o ericus_n continue_v by_o king_n john_n and_o perfect_v by_o charles_n gustavus_n the_o first_o in_o this_o city_n be_v the_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n cover_v upon_o the_o roof_n as_o be_v most_o of_o the_o 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the_o reign_n of_o steno_n stir_v senior_n pope_n sixtus_n iv_o give_v it_o the_o same_o privilege_n with_o bononia_n an._n 1595_o charles_n then_o king_n endow_v it_o with_o several_a immunity_n and_o revenue_n by_o his_o royal_a patent_n which_o say_v messenius_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1608_o upon_o some_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o calvinist_n and_o lutheran_n fraudulent_o get_v from_o it_o which_o if_o so_o yet_o probable_o that_o prince_n who_o favour_v the_o reformer_n so_o much_o do_v restore_v it_o to_o the_o university_n of_o this_o see_v loccenius_n hist_o suec_fw-la lib._n 8._o pag._n 474._o an._n 1624._o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n it_o be_v most_o considerable_o augment_v that_o king_n settle_v upon_o the_o university_n 306_o manor_n 8_o granary_n of_o tithe_n 4_o mill_n and_o 30_o demesne_n out_o of_o his_o own_o crown_n revenue_n free_a from_o all_o tax_n and_o imposition_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o more_o professor_n and_o poor_a scholar_n command_v that_o the_o chief_a rector_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o professor_n that_o one_o of_o these_o shall_v read_v a_o public_a lecture_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n continue_v at_o present_a only_o in_o the_o wintertime_n that_o the_o scholar_n shall_v live_v peaceable_o sober_o and_o mind_v their_o own_o affair_n not_o meddle_v with_o state_n matter_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v as_o they_o have_v former_o do_v wear_v sword_n or_o carry_v arm_n this_o university_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n iii_o 1592._o be_v remove_v hence_o to_o stockholm_n but_o that_o place_n be_v find_v for_o several_a reason_n inconvenient_a it_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n remand_v to_o vpsal_n a_o library_n they_o have_v well_o store_v with_o book_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o which_o be_v give_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n an._n 1631_o which_o he_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o germany_n take_v out_o of_o the_o library_n of_o wurtzburg_n and_o other_o place_n to_o 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lake_n and_o river_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n as_o also_o of_o all_o mine_n of_o what_o metal_n soever_o shall_v over_o and_o above_o the_o land-tax_n whole_o and_o entire_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n this_o city_n be_v ancient_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o their_o heathenish_a worship_n their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o worship_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a of_o their_o christian_a worship_n wherefore_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o treat_v as_o well_o of_o their_o ancient_a superstition_n as_o of_o their_o present_a true_a religion_n the_o heathenish_a deity_n to_o which_o they_o pay_v their_o devotion_n be_v thor_n oden_n and_o freia_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o this_o country_n and_o be_v though_o under_o divers_a name_n worship_v by_o most_o of_o the_o scandian_o thor_n so_o call_v from_o the_o assyrian_a word_n there_z or_o thurra_n i.e._n powerful_a have_v a_o temple_n
dedicate_v to_o he_o so_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a that_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o johannes_n magnus_n who_o tell_v prodigious_a story_n of_o the_o golden_a roof_n etc._n etc._n the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o cuzco_n be_v but_o a_o poor_o adorn_v chapel_n to_o it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o stupendous_a fabric_n their_o god_n be_v set_v upon_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n with_o a_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n adorn_v with_o twelve_o star_n and_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n upon_o his_o right_a hand_n stand_v oden_n or_o othen_n arm_v like_o a_o soldier_n cap_n a-pie_n not_o unlike_o the_o roman_a god_n mars_n on_o his_o left_a be_v place_v the_o goddess_n freia_n their_o venus_n hold_v a_o sword_n in_o one_o and_o a_o bow_n in_o the_o other_o hand_n these_o three_o deity_n be_v have_v in_o special_a reverence_n among_o they_o votary_n come_v from_o very_o remote_a part_n every_o nine_o year_n to_o visit_v the_o temple_n and_o pay_v their_o devotion_n offer_v the_o 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angry_a and_o thereupon_o present_o make_v ready_a another_o suchlike_a sacrifice_n to_o appease_v the_o wrath_n when_o the_o body_n be_v draw_v up_o out_o of_o the_o well_o if_o a_o please_a sacrifice_n they_o think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o bury_v it_o in_o the_o ground_n the_o ordinary_a way_n but_o hang_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o consecrate_a grove_n and_o for_o ever_o after_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v instate_v in_o a_o place_n of_o happiness_n and_o esteem_v it_o as_o one_o of_o their_o demigod_n in_o these_o cruel_a sacrifice_n their_o king_n themselves_o be_v not_o only_o present_a but_o sometime_o when_o the_o lot_n fall_v upon_o they_o offer_v up_o to_o their_o god_n be_v attend_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n with_o great_a joy_n and_o acclamation_n by_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o subject_n who_o promise_v themselves_o great_a and_o last_a happiness_n by_o so_o noble_a a_o victim_n beside_o these_o three_o principal_a they_o worship_v many_o other_o inferior_a deity_n upon_o different_a occasion_n as_o methothim_n who_o preside_v over_o their_o magical_a art_n from_o to_o who_o they_o always_o offer_v black_a victim_n vagnoft_o hade_v etc._n etc._n with_o all_o the_o the_o son_n and_o attendant_n of_o their_o principal_a god_n of_o which_o see_v johannes_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n adam_n bremensis_n and_o loccenius_n the_o many_o foolish_a superstition_n to_o which_o their_o ignorance_n and_o credulity_n make_v they_o subject_a as_o their_o arm_a themselves_o whensoever_o it_o chance_v to_o thunder_n and_o shoot_v arrow_n up_o into_o the_o cloud_n to_o assist_v these_o god_n of_o their_o country_n who_o as_o they_o suppose_v be_v wage_n war_n against_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n their_o use_v to_o sacrifice_v their_o horse_n before_o they_o engage_v with_o their_o enemy_n and_o set_v the_o head_n of_o they_o upon_o pale_n before_o the_o army_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o palisado_n and_o such_o like_a frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o 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in_o his_o undertake_n gain_v many_o proselyte_n and_o build_v a_o church_n at_o lyncopen_n in_o ostrogothia_a where_o himself_o be_v rector_n and_o afterward_o dye_v ann._n 814_o ludovicus_n pius_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n send_v hither_o more_o apostle_n one_o of_o which_o be_v name_v ansgarius_n a_o monk_n of_o corbey_n in_o france_n who_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o thence_o divers_a of_o the_o monk_n and_o plant_v in_o saxony_n a_o monastery_n of_o the_o former_a name_n intend_v it_o for_o a_o seminary_n to_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o preacher_n in_o the_o north._n but_o all_o this_o emperor_n time_n christianity_n be_v rather_o private_o bring_v in_o hither_o paganism_n prevail_v and_o most_o of_o these_o pious_a man_n be_v martyr_v for_o their_o religion_n then_o public_o countenance_v or_o establish_v till_o about_o ann_n 955_o when_o olaus_n scot-konung_a desirous_a to_o enjoy_v the_o purity_n of_o the_o gospel_n send_v to_o ethelred_n then_o king_n of_o england_n desire_v he_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o minister_n to_o preach_v christianity_n to_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n that_o there_o have_v always_o be_v great_a friendship_n betwixt_o those_o two_o crown_n appear_v by_o many_o particular_n one_o especial_o not_o to_o be_v forget_v be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n will_v never_o permit_v any_o of_o their_o subject_n to_o engage_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o other_o northern_a people_n to_o exercise_v piracy_n against_o or_o invade_v the_o english_a dominion_n as_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o jo._n magnus_n and_o other_o author_n ethelred_n ready_o consent_v to_o so_o pious_a a_o request_n and_o dispatch_v over_o one_o sigfrid_n than_o archbishop_n of_o york_n with_o divers_a other_o godly_a priest_n and_o worthy_a labourer_n who_o at_o their_o arrival_n in_o sweden_n find_v kind_a reception_n baptize_v the_o king_n himself_o with_o all_o his_o courtier_n and_o prevail_v so_o far_o to_o have_v the_o 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jo._n magnus_n than_o archbishop_n who_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n leave_v his_o country_n flee_v to_o rome_n there_o write_v his_o history_n with_o a_o account_n of_o this_o metropolis_n and_o die_v 1544._o in_o the_o year_n 1537_o the_o say_a gustavus_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o christianus_n king_n of_o denmark_n philip_n landsgrave_n of_o hassia_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o other_o german_a prince_n to_o defend_v this_o religion_n thus_o reform_v against_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o it_o be_v public_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n a._n d._n 1627._o gustavus_n adolphus_n give_v sactuary_n in_o his_o dominion_n to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v any_o way_n persecute_v in_o germany_n or_o elsewhere_o for_o this_o profession_n confirm_a it_o be_v and_o agree_v to_o by_o charles_n
treasurer_n the_o key_n and_o the_o king_n on_o horseback_n follow_v they_o to_o the_o church_n where_o the_o archbishop_n receive_v he_o demand_v of_o he_o a_o account_n of_o his_o faith_n then_o reverent_o approach_v the_o high_a altar_n he_o tender_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o will_v fear_v god_n and_o defend_v his_o church_n promote_v love_n justice_n and_o truth_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o will_v govern_v his_o kingdom_n by_o native_n and_o not_o admit_v any_o stranger_n into_o council_n or_o place_n of_o great_a trust_n that_o he_o will_v not_o alienate_v any_o fort_n land_n or_o territory_n within_o his_o dominion_n but_o preserve_v they_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o his_o successor_n that_o he_o will_v provide_v himself_o and_o his_o court_n out_o of_o his_o constant_a crown_n revenue_n and_o never_o burden_n his_o subject_n with_o tax_n but_o upon_o these_o account_n viz._n either_o upon_o a_o invasion_n whether_o by_o christian_n or_o infidel_n a_o domestic_a insurrection_n upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n or_o daughter_n for_o the_o build_n of_o some_o new_a fort_n or_o upon_o diminution_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o that_o he_o will_v introduce_v no_o law_n or_o constitution_n without_o or_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o sigismond_n the_o three_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o claim_v this_o kingdom_n they_o propose_v that_o he_o will_v not_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o establish_a religion_n which_o be_v the_o lutheran_n which_o oath_n he_o either_o refuse_v or_o present_o break_v lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o people_n and_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o before_o he_o be_v well_o settle_v in_o it_o this_o do_v the_o archbishop_n put_v on_o he_o his_o crown_n and_o other_o kingly_a ornament_n and_o one_o of_o the_o herald_n proclaim_v such_o one_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o swedland_n and_o gothland_n and_o none_o but_o he_o then_o all_o the_o people_n answer_n let_v the_o king_n live_v 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their_o portion_n be_v not_o take_v out_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n but_o levy_v by_o public_a tax_n in_o the_o interregnum_fw-la absence_n sickness_n or_o minority_n of_o the_o king_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o drotset_a or_o viceroy_n the_o marshal_n admiral_z chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o at_o their_o admission_n to_o the_o public_a management_n of_o affair_n take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o diminish_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o king_n right_n but_o preserve_v they_o whole_a and_o entire_a and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o part_n of_o they_o be_v by_o these_o trustee_n during_o the_o king_n minority_n sell_v or_o alienate_v the_o king_n when_o he_o come_v to_o full_a age_n may_v by_o law_n recover_v it_o ancient_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n short_o after_o they_o be_v elect_v use_v to_o make_v a_o public_a progress_n through_o their_o dominion_n the_o legifer_fw-la or_o lieutenant_n of_o every_o province_n be_v bind_v to_o provide_v for_o his_o reception_n what_o the_o king_n do_v be_v to_o assure_v the_o people_n of_o the_o great_a care_n he_o have_v of_o they_o and_o that_o charge_v wherewith_o they_o have_v entrust_v he_o and_o to_o receive_v of_o the_o people_n oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o fidelity_n this_o custom_n be_v find_v somewhat_o expensive_a and_o the_o civil_a trouble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n oftentimes_o not_o permit_v it_o be_v now_o quite_o leave_v of_o and_o the_o people_n rest_v content_a in_o the_o confidence_n they_o have_v of_o their_o prince_n without_o thus_o see_v his_o person_n the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n the_o court_n of_o sweden_n like_o that_o of_o england_n consist_v of_o ecclesiastical_a civil_a and_o military_a person_n and_o government_n 1._o for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a there_o be_v the_o archbishop_n with_o as_o many_o suffragans_fw-la as_o be_v by_o the_o king_n think_v convenient_a who_o attend_v the_o king_n both_o at_o church_n and_o council_n upon_o 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so_o well_o store_v with_o inhabitant_n especial_o in_o suecia_n and_o gothia_n place_n so_o far_o remove_v from_o the_o mount_n ararat_n which_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o be_v caucasus_n upon_o which_o as_o many_o author_n be_v of_o opinion_n noah_n ark_n rest_v as_o to_o be_v force_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o to_o send_v out_o colony_n into_o other_o country_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o evince_a a_o emigration_n into_o these_o western_a and_o southern_a part_n very_o ancient_o to_o have_v be_v it_o be_v by_o jornandes_n crantzius_n and_o all_o swedish_n writer_n unanimous_o approve_v to_o who_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o further_a satisfaction_n in_o so_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a a_o controversy_n this_o people_n though_o at_o present_a unite_a under_o the_o same_o government_n and_o law_n with_o the_o swede_n 〈…〉_o the_o 〈…〉_o and_o common_o pass_v under_o the_o same_o name_n with_o they_o be_v ancient_o different_a from_o they_o as_o well_o in_o 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turn_v into_o the_o french_a language_n that_o thereby_o this_o nation_n may_v in_o time_n forget_v its_o own_o tongue_n and_o be_v better_o dispose_v to_o endure_v his_o yoke_n that_o the_o goth_n be_v always_o a_o warlike_a people_n their_o several_a swarming_n into_o other_o neighbour_a country_n and_o the_o great_a victory_n they_o obtain_v over_o they_o do_v full_o manifest_v mela_n do_v not_o only_o commend_v they_o for_o their_o courage_n but_o their_o honesty_n and_o plain-dealing_a who_o say_v of_o all_o the_o thracian_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v in_o his_o time_n advance_v into_o and_o be_v considerable_a in_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o goth_n or_o getes_n be_v the_o most_o valiant_a and_o the_o most_o just_a and_o this_o their_o courage_n in_o war_n be_v from_o the_o belief_n they_o have_v of_o the_o immortality_n of_o their_o soul_n a_o doctrine_n they_o receive_v from_o zamolx_n their_o great_a king_n and_o prophet_n according_a to_o lucan_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la pharsal_a where_o speak_v of_o the_o goth_n he_o say_v certe_fw-la populi_fw-la quos_fw-la despicit_fw-la arctos_n faelices_fw-la errore_fw-la svo_fw-la quos_fw-la ille_fw-la timorum_fw-la maximus_fw-la haud_fw-la urget_fw-la lethi_fw-la metus_fw-la inde_fw-la ruendi_fw-la in_o ferrum_fw-la mens_fw-la prona_fw-la viris_fw-la animaeque_fw-la capaces_fw-la mortis_fw-la &_o ignavum_fw-la rediturae_fw-la parcere_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la their_o education_n and_o usage_n whilst_o young_a be_v such_o as_o best_a fit_v they_o for_o warlike_a erterprise_n and_o courageous_a exploit_n for_o their_o child_n as_o soon_o as_o bear_v be_v dip_v over_o head_n and_o ear_n first_o in_o cold_a then_o in_o hot_a water_n and_o as_o the_o spartan_a child_n use_v to_o be_v whip_v at_o the_o altar_n of_o their_o god_n these_o be_v constant_o lash_v with_o scourge_n till_o the_o blood_n gush_v out_o thereby_o to_o inure_v they_o to_o hardship_n nor_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o be_v their_o exercise_n or_o employment_n any_o other_o than_o such_o as_o agree_v best_a with_o man_n of_o a_o military_a constitution_n they_o practise_v tilt_n and_o tournament_n as_o do_v also_o the_o swede_n ride_v the_o great_a horse_n vault_a etc._n etc._n and_o for_o recreation_n chess-play_n as_o any_o one_o exceed_v another_o in_o rank_n and_o quality_n so_o more_o and_o more_o noble_a performance_n be_v expect_v from_o they_o their_o king_n son_n be_v never_o admit_v to_o sit_v at_o table_n with_o or_o scarce_o come_v into_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o father_n before_o they_o have_v receive_v some_o signal_n testimony_n of_o their_o courage_n from_o the_o very_a chief_a of_o their_o enemy_n as_o be_v report_v of_o the_o longabard_n a_o people_n say_v wolf_n lazius_n ancient_o inhabit_v scandia_n who_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o alvinus_fw-la son_n to_o their_o king_n odvinus_n obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o gepidae_n request_v that_o their_o general_n 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suchlike_a custom_n which_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o their_o law_n publish_v by_o isidore_n bishop_n of_o sevil_n in_o spain_n their_o manner_n of_o government_n be_v the_o best_a government_n their_o government_n and_o according_a to_o aristotle_n opinion_n the_o most_o natural_a of_o any_o the_o monarchical_a their_o king_n when_o distinct_a from_o the_o swedish_n not_o be_v bind_v in_o any_o covenant_n with_o his_o people_n nor_o hold_v his_o estate_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o subject_a whereupon_o perhaps_o their_o kingdom_n be_v more_o considerable_a in_o itself_o and_o more_o terrible_a to_o its_o enemy_n as_o be_v more_o expeditious_a in_o its_o determination_n and_o unite_v in_o its_o design_n than_o a_o democratical_a state_n be_v frequent_o find_v to_o be_v their_o king_n do_v not_o only_o bear_v rule_n over_o the_o goth_n their_o own_o nation_n but_o after_o their_o unite_n with_o the_o swede_n sometime_o command_v that_o people_n also_o though_o at_o present_a the_o king_n
of_o sweden_n be_v and_o for_o many_o year_n have_v be_v absolute_a monarch_n over_o both_o kingdom_n a_o catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v give_v by_o jo._n magnus_n grotius_n upon_o procopius_n crantzius_n loccenius_n gothish_n their_o king_n swedish_n and_o gothish_n wolf_n lazius_n and_o other_o author_n who_o we_o shall_v follow_v set_v down_o what_o we_o find_v most_o remarkable_a and_o agree_v upon_o concern_v they_o they_o be_v common_o divide_v into_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a or_o internal_a and_o external_a king_n who_o exercise_v their_o authority_n sometime_o in_o gothland_n and_o swedland_n sometime_o in_o scythia_n italy_n spain_n and_o other_o place_n which_o they_o subdue_v wolfgang_n lazius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o those_o king_n which_o be_v make_v in_o foreign_a country_n as_o not_o only_o in_o thracia_n maesia_n etc._n etc._n but_o even_o in_o scythia_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n do_v not_o only_o rule_v over_o their_o own_o particular_a colony_n but_o have_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o swedland_n subject_n to_o they_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o we_o have_v allege_v out_o of_o locc_n and_o other_o approve_a author_n for_o if_o the_o swede_n be_v subject_a to_o they_o in_o thracia_n etc._n etc._n upon_o what_o authority_n do_v they_o publish_v law_n for_o the_o recall_v they_o thence_o and_o if_o those_o be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o sweden_n upon_o what_o account_n can_v they_o be_v just_o disinherit_v for_o not_o return_v thither_o and_o it_o be_v further_o say_v that_o when_o theodoricus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o goth_n in_o italy_n one_o radolphus_n king_n of_o swedland_n with_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n go_v to_o visit_v he_o which_o show_v that_o even_o then_o when_o the_o gothish_a nation_n be_v most_o potent_a abroad_o the_o swede_n have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o and_o exempt_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n johannes_n magnus_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o know_v not_o loccenius_n himself_n in_o a_o matter_n so_o obscure_a not_o venture_v to_o be_v positive_a deduce_v the_o original_a both_o of_o this_o nation_n and_o monarchy_n of_o the_o swede_n from_o 1._o magog_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n by_o japhet_n who_o he_o make_v to_o be_v their_o first_o king_n and_o founder_n 2._o after_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v succeed_v swenno_n his_o elder_a son_n who_o as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v first_o of_o all_o give_v name_n to_o the_o swede_n or_o swenon_n 3._o gether_o or_o gogus_fw-la who_o found_v the_o getish_a or_o as_o afterward_o name_v the_o gothish_a nation_n 4._o vbbo_n brother_n to_o swenno_n anno_fw-la a_o dil._n 246_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v vpsal_n 5._o siggo_n who_o to_o defend_v his_o territory_n against_o the_o finlander_n build_v the_o city_n sigtuna_n near_o the_o lake_n meller_n 6._o ericus_n anno_fw-la a_o dil._n 357_o he_o so_o prudent_o manage_v and_o so_o far_o extend_v his_o kingdom_n that_o by_o many_o historian_n among_o which_o loccenius_n be_v one_o he_o be_v reckon_v as_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o goth_n how_o descend_v be_v somewhat_o uncertain_a but_o by_o some_o say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o poor_a man_n son_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n in_o his_o reign_n several_a man_n vagabond_n such_o as_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o his_o law_n and_o government_n be_v send_v out_o into_o schonen_fw-mi and_o the_o cimbrick_n island_n he_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n and_o die_v peaceable_o after_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n an._n mundi_fw-la 2014_o according_a to_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n the_o state_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v much_o disturb_v by_o civil_a commotion_n and_o the_o succession_n in_o the_o throne_n for_o some_o time_n interrupt_v the_o next_o name_n be_v 7._o vddo_fw-la 8._o alo._n 9_o othenus_n 10._o charles_n i._n 11._o biorno_n and_o getharus_n all_o which_o rule_v both_o in_o gothia_n and_o their_o own_o country_n suecia_n 12._o gylfo_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v descend_v from_o one_o ferinoto_n king_n of_o finland_n 13._o after_o gulfo_n the_o kingdom_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o judge_n for_o sometime_o till_o othinus_n or_o odinus_n who_o come_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o settle_v at_o vpsal_n by_o his_o magic_n and_o sorcery_n gain_v so_o much_o favour_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o after_o he_o be_v dead_a esteem_v he_o as_o one_o of_o their_o principal_a go_n he_o be_v as_o i_o may_v say_v the_o numa_n pompilius_n of_o the_o swede_n be_v the_o first_o that_o establish_v any_o set_a worship_n and_o sacred_a solemnity_n among_o they_o that_o give_v law_n and_o ordain_v officer_n both_o to_o execute_v justice_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o take_v care_n of_o all_o religious_a matter_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v twelve_o of_o a_o senatorian_a order_n call_v driar_n or_o drotnar_n whence_o drotset_n the_o name_n now_o in_o use_n to_o denote_v their_o viceroy_n seem_v to_o come_v this_o he_o do_v as_o he_o pretend_v by_o the_o advice_n or_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o god_n with_o who_o he_o keep_v great_a familiarity_n and_o correspondence_n 14._o niordus_n or_o nearchus_n a_o famous_a magician_n 15._o freius_n froerus_n or_o frotho_n surname_v the_o peaceable_a the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o drott_n or_o king_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v give_v the_o patrimony_n of_o vpsal_n call_v vpsala_n oedom_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o the_o king_n take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o alienate_v or_o embezle_n 16._o odder_n and_o freia_n or_o frigga_n his_o wife_n who_o with_o her_o husband_n rule_v peaceable_o and_o be_v repute_v a_o goddess_n after_o her_o death_n 17._o fiolmus_n a_o sottish_a and_o negligent_a prince_n who_o neither_o regard_v his_o own_o nor_o the_o people_n welfare_n be_v invite_v to_o banquet_n by_o fretho_fw-mi king_n of_o denmark_n and_o make_v drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o be_v accident_o drown_v in_o a_o vessel_n of_o mead._n 18._o sueigder_o of_o who_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n mention_v many_o fabulous_a story_n and_o diabolical_a enchantment_n 19_o walander_n or_o wanlander_n who_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o schonen_fw-mi and_z hallandia_n and_o conquer_v they_o or_o rather_o regain_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o ostarus_n who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o those_o part_n in_o his_o time_n the_o russes_z be_v say_v to_o have_v employ_v one_o retho_n a_o famous_a pirate_n to_o infest_v the_o swede_n who_o lie_v upon_o their_o coast_n and_o do_v very_o much_o injury_n to_o they_o hence_o retheran_n signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n to_o commit_v rapine_n against_o this_o pirate_n the_o king_n levy_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v but_o withal_o distrust_v their_o power_n desire_a assistance_n of_o the_o devil_n promise_v he_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n upon_o condition_n he_o may_v obtain_v a_o victory_n over_o he_o which_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v and_o the_o devil_n short_o after_o according_a to_o compact_n to_o have_v come_v and_o fetch_v away_o his_o bargain_n 20._o wisbur_fw-la 21._o domalder_n who_o with_o many_o of_o his_o noble_n be_v sacrifice_v to_o their_o god_n odinus_n or_o woden_n 22._o domarus_n 23._o vignerus_fw-la in_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n call_v dygue_n the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n konung_n or_o king_n 24._o ingemarus_n or_o agnus_n as_o some_o report_n murder_v by_o his_o wife_n 25._o humelus_n or_o humblus_n who_o elder_a son_n dan_fw-mi be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o gve_n name_n to_o that_o nation_n 26._o sigtrugus_n who_o defeat_v gramus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n in_o battle_n 27._o suibdagerus_n first_o of_o all_o king_n of_o norway_n next_o of_o denmark_n and_o afterward_o of_o sweden_n the_o first_o foreigner_n after_o odinus_n that_o obtain_v the_o swedish_n kingdom_n 28._o asmundus_n 29._o vffo_n both_o which_o wage_v a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n with_o hadingus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n 30._o hunningus_n or_o hundingus_n who_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o hadingus_fw-la and_o love_v he_o so_o entire_o that_o hear_v a_o false_a report_v of_o his_o death_n he_o make_v a_o funeral_n banquet_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o honour_n and_o remembrance_n of_o he_o invite_v his_o noble_n to_o it_o and_o as_o not_o will_v to_o survive_v his_o friend_n before_o they_o all_o drown_v himself_o in_o a_o vessel_n of_o metheglin_n which_o hadingus_fw-la hearing_n and_o be_v resolve_v that_o affection_n shall_v not_o seem_v cold_a on_o his_o part_n for_o very_a grief_n hang_v himself_o 31._o regnerus_n a_o good_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 32._o hothebrodus_n who_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o helgo_n king_n of_o denmark_n because_o he_o in_o disgrace_n of_o
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
to_o teach_v he_o and_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o religion_n ethelred_n according_o order_v sigfridus_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o with_o he_o two_o priest_n eschillas_n and_o davidus_fw-la to_o go_v into_o sweden_n where_o the_o king_n kind_o receive_v they_o be_v by_o they_o baptize_v and_o at_o their_o entreaty_n build_v christian_a church_n in_o most_o province_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a constancy_n and_o zeal_n in_o his_o religion_n have_v the_o name_n of_o christianissimus_a give_v he_o he_o among_o several_a good_a law_n and_o constitution_n order_v that_o the_o chief_a power_n of_o elect_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o goth_n in_o any_o case_n but_o principal_o to_o the_o swede_n and_o that_o they_o before_o call_v king_n of_o vpsal_n shall_v be_v thenceforth_o style_v king_n of_o swedland_n and_o gothland_n this_o king_n suppress_v duel_v and_o the_o runick_a character_n introduce_v the_o trial_n by_o fire_n ordeal_o and_o die_v in_o a_o happy_a old_a age_n 98._o anundus_fw-la nickname_v carbonarius_n because_o he_o order_v that_o whosoever_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n which_o he_o have_v promulgate_v shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o crime_n either_o have_v all_o his_o house_n or_o part_n of_o it_o burn_v down_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n by_o the_o care_n of_o his_o father_n olaus_n which_o in_o his_o reign_n he_o defend_v and_o die_v peaceable_o 99_o enundus_fw-la base-son_n to_o olaus_n and_o brother_n to_o anundus_n surname_v gammel_n i._n e._n base_a from_o his_o contempt_n of_o religion_n or_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n because_o he_o yield_v up_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n schonen_fw-mi blekingia_n and_o hallandia_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gothia_n 100_o haquinus_fw-la iii_o surname_v rufus_n 101._o stenchillus_n ii_o breed_v up_o in_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o very_o much_o encourage_v among_o his_o subject_n make_v his_o palace_n a_o sanctuary_n for_o any_o that_o be_v persecute_v in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n for_o that_o profession_n 102._o ingo_n iii_o not_o descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a but_o for_o his_o singular_a virtue_n elect_v king_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o exact_a a_o observer_n of_o his_o own_o law_n that_o he_o never_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o they_o 103._o halstanus_n a_o just_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n 104._o philippus_n 105._o ingo_n iu._n in_o his_o progress_n through_o his_o dominion_n by_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n poison_a at_o a_o small_a village_n in_o ostrogothia_a 106._o ragvaldus_n surname_v knaphofde_v i._n e._n cock-brained_a elect_v by_o the_o swede_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o goth_n which_o they_o not_o endure_v as_o think_v it_o a_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n rebel_v against_o he_o and_o in_o battle_n slay_v he_o for_o one_o to_o succeed_v he_o both_o nation_n pitch_v upon_o 107._o suercherus_fw-la two_o who_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o church_n on_o christmas_n day_n be_v by_o a_o ruffian_n employ_v by_o one_o scatelerus_n who_o hope_v to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n after_o his_o death_n miserable_o assassinate_v gothick_n king_n out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n who_o reign_v over_o the_o goth_n while_o they_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n vistula_n or_o weissel_n and_o also_o in_o dacia_n and_o thracia_n near_o that_o time_n when_o according_a to_o some_o author_n they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o ostro_fw-la and_o westro-goth_n 1._o anthinus_n 2._o antheas_n 3._o gothilas_n a_o famous_a queen_n who_o daughter_n medumpa_n be_v marry_v to_o philip_n king_n of_o macedonia_n 4._o sitalcus_fw-la elect_v king_n an._n ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 300._o he_o with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n lay_v waste_v all_o the_o country_n of_o greece_n 5._o dromgethes_n 6._o tanobonta_fw-la 7._o boroista_n cotemporary_a with_o sylla_n the_o roman_a dictator_n who_o live_v an._n aunt_n nat_n christ_n 76._o 8._o commositus_fw-la both_o king_n and_o priest_n 9_o corillus_fw-la under_o who_o conduct_n the_o goth_n say_v lazius_n first_o of_o all_o invade_v dacia_n 10._o dorpaneus_n co-temporary_a with_o domitian_n the_o roman_a emperor_n an._n christ_n 83._o 11._o decebalus_n 12._o ostrogotha_n 13._o cinna_z or_o omba_n 14._o cannabas_n or_o canabande_n 15._o hildericus_n surname_v ovida_fw-la who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a 16._o gebeticus_fw-la 17._o armanaricus_n who_o be_v say_v damasc_n suppl_n eutrop._n overcome_v by_o the_o hunns_n and_o make_v tributary_n to_o they_o 18._o vinnitarius_n 19_o hunimundus_n 20._o totismundus_n 21._o alaricus_n and_o fridigernus_n who_o as_o lazius_n mention_n reign_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o thracia_n they_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n send_v against_o they_o command_v by_o valens_n the_o emperor_n who_o they_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o apprehend_v he_o in_o a_o small_a cottage_n whither_o he_o have_v flee_v to_o hide_v himself_o burn_v he_o to_o death_n 23._o theomarus_n who_o conquer_v maesia_n 24._o radagaisus_n who_o to_o maesia_n add_v a_o great_a part_n of_o pannonia_n an._n christ_n 390._o 25._o alvaricus_n a_o potent_a king_n 26._o alaricus_n ii_o who_o subdue_v all_o illyricum_n and_o extend_v his_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o italy_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n son_n to_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n either_o for_o some_o private_a end_n wish_v the_o success_n or_o not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o power_n of_o his_o force_n and_o thereupon_o not_o timely_a prevent_v his_o design_n he_o sack_v rome_n subdue_v naples_n and_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n but_o at_o last_o the_o goth_n be_v by_o stilico_n general_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n driven_z out_o of_o italy_n and_o after_o their_o departure_n thence_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v sit_v down_o in_o france_n the_o ostrogothish_a king_n who_o rule_v in_o italy_n according_a to_o wolf_n lazius_n 1._o alaricus_n i._o 2._o theodericus_fw-la who_o leo_n or_o as_o scalig._n zeno_n the_o emperor_n make_v his_o adopt_a son_n he_o expel_v the_o heruli_n out_o of_o italy_n and_o whole_o subject_v it_o to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o goth_n he_o have_v one_o daughter_n name_v amalasuentha_n 3._o theodatus_fw-la or_o as_o jornandes_n have_v it_o eutharicus_fw-la call_v out_o of_o france_n by_o the_o italic_a goth_n to_o be_v their_o king_n 4._o alaricus_n two_o though_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n who_o settle_v in_o italy_n 5._o alaricus_n iii_o 6._o athalaricus_n who_o have_v one_o only_a daughter_n who_o he_o marry_v to_o vittigis_fw-la who_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n for_o about_o fourteen_o year_n and_o defend_v himself_o brave_o against_o the_o roman_a power_n 7._o illovadus_n he_o be_v kill_v in_o battle_n by_o narses_n the_o roman_a general_n 8._o alaricus_n iu._n who_o reign_v only_o five_o month_n 9_o totylas_n or_o odilo_n 10._o teias_n the_o last_o gothish_a king_n in_o italy_n who_o himself_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o his_o people_n almost_o all_o root_v out_o and_o destroy_v by_o they_o some_o few_o only_o remain_v who_o mix_v and_o incorporate_n with_o the_o italian_n at_o present_a pass_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n with_o they_o westro_n or_o wiso-gothick_a king_n who_o reign_v in_o gallia_n lugdunensis_n and_o aquitanica_fw-la 1._o alaricus_n i._n who_o as_o be_v say_v conduct_v the_o gothick_n people_n into_o those_o part_n an._n salut_n 411._o 2._o austulphus_n son_n to_o alaricus_n 3._o theodericus_fw-la kill_v by_o attyla_n king_n of_o the_o hunns_n 4._o turismundus_n son_n to_o theodericus_fw-la who_o to_o revenge_v his_o father_n death_n wage_v war_n with_o the_o hunns_n and_o overcome_v they_o 5._o dietmarus_n in_o who_o time_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o goth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o vallia_n go_v into_o spain_n 6._o gundoccarus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o theodosius_n junior_a after_o his_o reign_n the_o goth_n in_o these_o part_n grow_v inconsiderable_a as_o intermix_v themselves_o with_o other_o people_n and_o not_o have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o but_o be_v subject_v to_o many_z other_o prince_n beside_o these_o gothish_a king_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v there_o be_v many_o other_o who_o rule_v over_o the_o wisogoth_n in_o spain_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n a_o catalogue_n of_o who_o we_o leave_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o spain_n and_o arragon_n and_o the_o kingdom_n where_o they_o reign_v for_o the_o goth_n in_o those_o part_n blending_a with_o the_o romani_n alani_n suevi_n mauri_n saraceni_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o so_o much_o continue_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o themselves_o as_o become_v a_o people_n incorporate_v with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n or_o these_o with_o the_o goth_n so_o that_o they_o be_v rule_v by_o
advise_v by_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o some_o jesuit_n that_o a_o oath_n take_v by_o he_o with_o heretic_n be_v not_o obligatory_a or_o if_o he_o scruple_v that_o that_o a_o dispensation_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o be_v easy_o attainable_a from_o the_o pope_n at_o last_o solemn_o take_v it_o and_o promise_v the_o state_n faithful_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o he_o leave_v sweden_n and_o return_v into_o poland_n during_o his_o absence_n all_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v manage_v by_o duke_n charles_n his_o uncle_n who_o for_o some_o small_a time_n execute_v the_o office_n of_o viceroy_n very_o quiet_o and_o to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n but_o some_o difference_n arise_v about_o religion_n the_o papist_n jesuit_n especial_o to_o who_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o worship_n have_v be_v grant_v grow_v powerful_a and_o thereupon_o behave_v themselves_o insolent_o towards_o the_o lutheran_n the_o business_n of_o state_n become_v trouble_v and_o the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n and_o removal_n of_o jealousy_n out_o of_o the_o people_n heart_n a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n hereupon_o sigismond_n be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o poland_n but_o both_o delay_n to_o come_v into_o sweden_n and_o to_o send_v order_n to_o his_o uncle_n ch._n an._n ch._n that_o popish_a delinquent_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v to_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o law_n be_v proceed_v against_o as_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o that_o other_o suchlike_a grievance_n shall_v be_v redress_v he_o so_o lose_v his_o interest_n with_o his_o swedish_n subject_n that_o when_o at_o last_o he_o come_v among_o they_o they_o oppose_v he_o as_o a_o public_a enemy_n make_v war_n against_o he_o and_o overcome_v he_o in_o battle_n after_o he_o be_v defeat_v he_o return_v to_o poland_n and_o his_o crown_n of_o sweden_n be_v by_o the_o state_n set_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o his_o uncle_n 135._o charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o brother_n to_o john_n iii_o he_o maintain_v the_o augustan_n confession_n during_o his_o whole_a reign_n carry_v on_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o his_o nephew_n sigismond_n and_o christianus_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o he_o challenge_v to_o a_o duel_n and_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eleven_o year_n dye_v at_o nycopia_n in_o his_o return_n from_o oppose_v the_o dane_n the_o government_n after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n descend_v upon_o his_o elder_a son_n 136._o gustavus_n adolphus_n ii_o surname_v the_o great_a this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n prosecute_v the_o war_n with_o denmark_n which_o his_o father_n be_v engage_v in_o at_o his_o death_n but_o intend_v to_o turn_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o his_o cousin_n sigismond_n k._n of_o poland_n he_o within_o a_o short_a time_n conclude_v a_o peace_n both_o with_o the_o dane_n and_o muscovite_n this_o do_v he_o invade_v livonia_n take_v several_a place_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o that_o and_o other_o province_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o at_o last_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o his_o cousin_n for_o six_o year_n he_o return_v into_o sweden_n during_o the_o war_n with_o poland_n ferdinand_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v do_v he_o as_o he_o allege_v very_o many_o injury_n as_o his_o send_v assistance_n to_o the_o pole_n into_o borussia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o arnhemius_fw-la his_o not_o admit_v the_o swedish_n delegate_n to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o lubeck_n but_o charge_v they_o to_o depart_v the_o empire_n etc._n etc._n whereupon_o he_o invade_v the_o imperial_a dominion_n take_v several_a strong_a city_n and_o after_o he_o have_v overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v kill_v in_o battle_n near_o leipsick_a he_o be_v succeed_v by_o 137._o christina_n his_o only_a daughter_n who_o be_v then_o but_o seven_o year_n old_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v order_v by_o her_o guardian_n till_o she_o come_v to_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o her_o age_n at_o which_o time_n she_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o herself_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o either_o weary_a of_o rule_v so_o potent_a a_o kingdom_n or_o think_v the_o care_n of_o it_o too_o great_a a_o burden_n for_o she_o to_o undergo_v voluntary_o lay_v down_o the_o crown_n and_o commend_v it_o to_o 138._o charles_n gustavus_n x._o a_o noble_a and_o victorious_a prince_n he_o maintain_v war_n against_o the_o pole_n the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o dane_n as_o he_o be_v return_v from_o gottenburg_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o denmark_n to_o stockholm_n he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n and_o his_o kingdom_n according_a to_o right_a of_o succession_n descend_v upon_o 139._o charles_n xi_o his_o son_n than_o four_o year_n of_o age_n during_o his_o minority_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o his_o guardian_n but_o come_v to_o full_a age_n he_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n and_o be_v now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1680._o age_a twentyfour_o year_n a_o warlike_a and_o virtuous_a prince_n of_o the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n beyond_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n lie_v the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n finland_n finland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n somi_n or_o soma_n from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o lake_n that_o be_v in_o it_o soma_n signify_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o the_o swede_n first_o and_o after_o they_o by_o all_o stranger_n call_v finland_n q._n fineland_n from_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o country_n or_o as_o other_o say_v q._n fiende-land_n i.e._n the_o land_n of_o fiend_n or_o enemy_n the_o finlander_n use_v for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o that_o kingdom_n and_o very_o much_o injure_v and_o molest_v its_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o sinus_n finnicus_n and_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o part_n of_o the_o finnic_a and_o baltic_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o seven_o province_n province_n its_o province_n 1._o southern-finland_n 2._o northern-finland_n 3._o cajania_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la 5._o tavastia_n 6._o nylandia_n and_o 7._o carelia_n 1._o finland_n southern_a finland_n southern_a finland_n part_v from_o the_o northern_a by_o the_o river_n aujaroki_n which_o water_v the_o episcopal_a city_n abo._n it_o extend_v itself_o all_o along_o the_o finnic_a bay_n eastward_o have_v on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n the_o province_n of_o tavastia_n and_o nylandia_n in_o it_o be_v beside_o several_a little_a town_n two_o remarkable_a fort_n viz._n gusto_n in_o the_o western_a and_o raseberg_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o dynasty_a or_o principality_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o 2._o finland_n northern_a finland_n northern_a finland_n run_v along_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v indifferent_o large_a in_o circumference_n take_v in_o both_o the_o satagunda_n with_o viemo_n and_o masco_n water_v it_o be_v by_o one_o only_a river_n call_v cumo-elff_a famous_a for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o city_n biorneborgh_n town_n of_o note_n here_o be_v raumo_n nystadh_n and_o nadhendal_n to_o these_o sanson_n add_v castelholm_n in_o the_o island_n alandia_n 3._o cajania_n cajania_n cajania_n or_o ost-bothnia_a as_o some_o call_v it_o in_o opposition_n to_o west-bothnia_a which_o lie_v over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n in_o it_o be_v many_o large_a river_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v kimi-elff_a which_o empti_v itself_o into_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n at_o the_o most_o northern_a cape_n of_o it_o and_o part_n this_o province_n from_o west-bothnia_a jio-elff_a and_o vla-elff_a city_n here_o be_v 1._o vlam_n or_o vlo_fw-la 2._o vasa_n or_o wassam_n cal_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o fort_n cajaneburg_n and_o vlaburg_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o a_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o part_v it_o from_o carelia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o muscovitic_a lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o tavastia_n and_o carelia_n this_o province_n abound_v much_o with_o lake_n and_o river_n most_o of_o which_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n the_o river_n afford_v fish_n pike_n especial_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o the_o lake_n beside_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n they_o breed_v supply_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o seacalve_n not_o meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o scandian_a lake_n here_o be_v one_o remarkable_a fort_n
chief_a security_n to_o the_o russes_z on_o this_o side_n but_o now_o be_v all_o give_v up_o by_o the_o forementioned_a treaty_n a._n d._n 1616_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n as_o 1._o notteburg_n which_o the_o russes_z call_v oresia_n i._n e._n a_o nut_n from_o its_o compactness_n and_o strength_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o small_a island_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nieva_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o breadth_n be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o it_o about_o the_o year_n 1614_o gustavus_n adolphus_n besiege_v this_o city_n and_o after_o he_o have_v lie_v before_o it_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o not_o by_o force_n able_a to_o gain_v it_o it_o be_v at_o last_o by_o the_o burgher_n voluntary_o surrender_v up_o to_o he_o not_o because_o they_o want_v any_o provision_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o city_n but_o because_o as_o be_v report_v a_o strange_a distemper_n of_o boil_n or_o wart_n in_o the_o mouth_n and_o throat_n seize_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o eat_v any_o victual_n or_o sufficient_o to_o secure_v their_o bastion_n against_o so_o potent_a a_o enemy_n 2._o ivanogorod_n build_v upon_o a_o rock_n in_o a_o small_a isthmus_n at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n it_o lie_v opposite_a to_o narva_n part_v from_o it_o only_o by_o a_o large_a and_o rapid_a river_n which_o run_v from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o small_a mount_n make_v hollow_a partly_o by_o art_n and_o partly_o by_o nature_n in_o the_o side_n of_o which_o many_o of_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n such_o as_o ordinary_o live_v in_o the_o suburb_n of_o great_a city_n come_v to_o inhabit_v 3._o jamagorod_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n laga_n 4._o capurium_n or_o coporio_n a_o strong_a fort_n lie_v upon_o the_o finnic_a bay_n all_o these_o city_n and_o fort_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o muscovite_n a_o 1616_o or_o 1617._o be_v deliver_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o ever_o since_o by_o they_o retain_v of_o what_o be_v give_v to_o the_o tzar_n by_o that_o treaty_n see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o muscovy_n p._n 23._o concern_v the_o province_n of_o novogorod_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o livonia_n some_o livonia_n livonia_n though_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o livonia_n or_o liefland_n as_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o poland_n where_o a_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n may_v be_v see_v belong_v at_o present_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n all_o esthonia_n with_o the_o island_n oselia_n and_o some_o town_n in_o lettia_n and_o other_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o baltic_a coast_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o hold_v by_o they_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzic_n ann_n 1660_o between_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o charles_n xi_o the_o present_a king_n of_o sweden_n the_o article_n which_o chief_o relate_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o their_o possession_n in_o liefland_n we_o shall_v for_o the_o reader_n satisfaction_n here_o insert_v 1._o it_o be_v agree_v on_o that_o a_o general_a and_o inviolable_a peace_n amnesty_n and_o friendship_n shall_v thenceforward_o be_v maintain_v between_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n the_o emperor_n leopold_n and_o frederic_n wilhelm_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o between_o their_o subject_n of_o what_o degree_n condition_n or_o religion_n soever_o 2._o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n and_o to_o all_o other_o possession_n which_o his_o grandfather_n john_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v former_o enjoy_v but_o that_o the_o say_v john_n casimir_n during_o his_o life_n might_n when_o he_o write_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o ally_n whatsoever_o use_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o poland_n only_o observe_v this_o that_o in_o all_o transaction_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n he_o shall_v style_v himself_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n without_o add_v any_o more_o title_n but_o only_o annex_v three_o etcaeteration_n thus_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o finland_n 3._o that_o the_o king_n and_o state_n of_o poland_n and_o lithvania_n shall_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_o livonia_n beyond_o dwina_n with_o the_o island_n run_v and_o some_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o dwina_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n during_o the_o truce_n have_v possession_n of_o and_o also_o all_o esthonia_n and_o oselia_n and_o all_o city_n town_n fort_n etc._n etc._n that_o do_v former_o any_o way_n belong_v or_o appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v hereby_o oblige_v upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o these_o place_n not_o to_o lay_v any_o claim_n to_o curland_n or_o semigallia_n or_o to_o any_o town_n and_o fort_n that_o belong_v to_o those_o province_n that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o swedish_n livonia_n shall_v have_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n law_n etc._n etc._n with_o undisturbed_a intercourse_n of_o trade_n upon_o the_o dwina_n and_o several_a suchlike_a condition_n the_o whole_a province_n of_o liefland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o swedish_n and_o polonian_a liefland_n 1._o polonian_a liefland_n liefland_n polonian_a liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o dwina_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o dukedom_n or_o principality_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n with_o part_n of_o lettia_n of_o which_o see_v poland_n 2._o swedish_n liefland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o contain_v the_o district_n of_o esthonia_n odepoa_n oselia_n and_o lettia_n this_o province_n be_v frequent_o subject_v to_o different_a prince_n have_v not_o very_o certain_a limit_n set_v nor_o like_a name_n give_v to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o by_o any_o that_o have_v undertake_v to_o describe_v it_o some_o author_n add_v harland_n and_o verland_n as_o distinct_a province_n from_o the_o former_a which_o may_v seem_v rather_o part_n only_o of_o esthonia_n then_o different_a principality_n from_o the_o rest_n i._o esthonia_n estia_n or_o esthland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o so_o call_v from_o the_o estii_fw-la its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o island_n dagho_n and_o oselia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o district_n of_o lettia_n and_o the_o river_n dwina_n it_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o five_o division_n or_o diocese_n alentakia_n wiria_n harria_n wicia_n and_o jervia_n 1._o alentakia_n alentakia_n alentakia_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o the_o finnic_a bay_n have_v the_o river_n narva_n on_o the_o east_n and_o on_o the_o west_n the_o district_n of_o wiria_n in_o it_o be_v two_o city_n of_o note_n 1._o narva_n call_v common_o the_o german_a narva_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o muscovitic_a narva_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n not_o far_o from_o the_o famous_a fort_n ivanogorod_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o consideration_n and_o ordinary_o well_o garrison_v with_o swedish_n soldier_n behind_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v a_o small_a piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o wooden_a pale_n which_o be_v give_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n to_o the_o russes_z where_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o live_v and_o enjoy_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n the_o german_a lutheran_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a number_n that_o reside_v here_o have_v a_o particular_a church_n allow_v they_o and_o sermon_n preach_v to_o they_o in_o their_o own_o language_n this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o waldemarus_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n a._n d._n 1223._o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o russes_z in_o 1558_o and_o by_o they_o lose_v to_o the_o swede_n a._n d._n 1581._o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n confirm_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o ever_o since_o by_o they_o possess_v it_o lie_v in_o 60_o deg_fw-la of_o northerly_a latitude_n
forty_o german_a mile_n from_o pleskow_n and_o as_o many_o from_o novogardia_n 2._o nieslot_n or_o neuschlos_n i._n e._n new_a fort_n not_o far_o from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n upon_o the_o river_n narva_n 2._o viria_n wiria_n or_o wilandia_n viria_n viria_n which_o have_v alentakia_n on_o the_o east_n harria_n on_o the_o west_n the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n and_o jervia_n on_o the_o south_n place_n remarkable_a in_o it_o be_v 1._o wesenberg_n not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n weissenaa_n which_o a._n d._n 1581._o be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n from_o the_o muscovite_n 2._o tolsburg_n twelve_o mile_n distant_a from_o wesenberg_n 3._o borcholm_n 3._o harria_n or_o harrenland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o wicia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o viria_n and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n in_o this_o division_n be_v revalia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liefland_n a_o little_a but_o handsome_a pleasant_a and_o well_o fortify_v city_n lie_v in_o 59_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o longitude_n in_o the_o year_n 1374_o it_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o great_a master_n of_o livonia_n in_o 1561_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o muscovite_n it_o commit_v itself_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o they_o here_o be_v ancient_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o since_o lutheranism_n spread_v itself_o into_o these_o part_n that_o title_n be_v here_o discontinue_v and_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n manage_v by_o superintendent_o for_o the_o promote_a of_o learning_n and_o good_a education_n this_o city_n have_v one_o public_a gymnasium_n wherein_o professor_n and_o tutor_n be_v maintain_v to_o read_v and_o teach_v humanity_n and_o all_o the_o liberal_a arts._n the_o chief_a church_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n olaus_n not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bridget_n seat_v upon_o the_o finnic_a coast_n and_o the_o fort_n pade_n or_o badis_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n assa_n 4._o vikia_fw-la wicia_n or_o wikke_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o three_o place_n of_o note_n 1._o habsalia_n habsel_n lie_v upon_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n former_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o frideric_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o dane_n afterward_o a._n d._n 1575._o take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o gain_v by_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n 2._o lode_n 3._o leal_n 4._o wickel_n or_o wyck_n all_o fort_n of_o good_a strength_n and_o consideration_n 5._o jervia_n which_o lie_v landward_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o district_v it_o contain_v wittenstein_n oberpalen_n and_o lau_n or_o lais_n place_n of_o moment_n ii_o odepoa_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n peipus_n on_o the_o north_n with_o embeck_n and_o the_o river_n fela_fw-mi and_o pernavia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o great_a bay_n of_o livonia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o lettia_n in_o it_o be_v these_o place_n of_o note_n viz._n 1._o derpat_o derbat_n dorpat_o or_o as_o the_o russes_z call_v it_o juriogoord_n a_o large_a city_n build_v most_o of_o stone_n and_o brick_n and_o secure_v by_o strong_a stonewall_n where_o be_v former_o a_o bishop_n seat_n it_o be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o tzar_n of_o muscovy_n a._n d._n 1230._o under_o the_o pole_n a._n d._n 1582._o afterward_o take_v from_o they_o by_o charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n but_o by_o they_o regain_v a._n d._n 1603._o in_o the_o year_n 1625_o when_o gustavus_n adolphus_n send_v force_n into_o livonia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o jacobus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gardie_n this_o city_n be_v gain_v to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o ever_o since_o remain_v as_o a_o part_n of_o its_o possession_n here_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n of_o life_n and_o the_o healthfulness_n of_o the_o air_n gustavus_n adolphus_n ann_n 1632_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o one_o john_n skytte_n baron_n in_o ouderof_o who_o have_v sometime_o be_v tutor_n to_o that_o king_n institute_v a_o university_n and_o appoint_v and_o stipend_v one_o rector_n and_o several_a professor_n for_o theology_n history_n mathematics_n etc._n etc._n 2._o warbeck_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n embeck_n 3._o kannelek_n 4._o the_o fort_n ringen_n 5._o odepoa_o a_o small_a town_n whence_o the_o whole_a district_n have_v its_o name_n 6._o nienhausen_n a_o strong_a fort_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o muscovy_n 7._o marienburg_n another_o fort_n not_o far_o from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n 8._o tarne_a a_o place_n ancient_o of_o good_a importance_n but_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o polander_n and_o at_o last_o by_o they_o take_v and_o when_o they_o quit_v it_o so_o demolish_v that_o though_o the_o swede_n have_v spend_v some_o charge_n in_o repair_v it_o it_o have_v not_o at_o present_a attain_v its_o ancient_a strength_n and_o splendour_n 9_o felinum_n fellin_n fifteen_o german_a mile_n from_o 10._o parnavia_n parnow_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n for_o all_o commodity_n corn_n especial_o first_o of_o all_o add_v to_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n by_o ericus_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n a_o 1562_o afterward_o take_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o regain_v from_o they_o an_z 1617._o 11._o sales_n or_o lemsael_n with_o some_o other_o less_o remarkable_a town_n and_o fort_n iii_o lettia_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o muscovy_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o livonian_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o odepoa_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o river_n dwina_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v 1._o riga_n a_o arch-bishop_n see_v lie_v in_o 48_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n and_o 57_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n upon_o the_o dwina_n at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n it_o be_v defend_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n bulwark_n tower_n a_o extraordinary_a large_a trench_n and_o three_o row_n of_o great_a gun_n which_o be_v put_v in_o good_a order_n and_o readiness_n chief_o by_o the_o care_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n here_o be_v a_o note_a harbour_n for_o ship_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o germany_n holland_n england_n etc._n etc._n who_o come_v hither_o in_o the_o summertime_n and_o be_v lade_v with_o hemp_n flax_n wax_n pitch_n tar_n with_o plank_n also_o and_o wood_n ready_a hew_v for_o build_v ship_n with_o skin_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o of_o bear_n elk_n fox_n etc._n etc._n and_o fur_n of_o castor_n sables_n martron_n ermine_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o this_o city_n out_o of_o muscovy_n and_o poland_n in_o the_o wintertime_n over_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n upon_o sledd_n and_o make_v ready_a for_o sale_n against_o the_o time_n when_o the_o merchant_n usual_o arrive_v the_o citizen_n common_o speak_v either_o swedish_n german_n curlandish_a or_o livonian_a and_o have_v their_o divine_a service_n which_o be_v reform_v according_a to_o the_o augustan_n confession_n always_o celebrate_v in_o some_o one_o of_o those_o language_n in_o the_o year_n 1581._o this_o city_n be_v take_v by_o stephen_n king_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o by_o his_o successor_n sigismond_n iii_o endow_v with_o many_o notable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o by_o he_o keep_v in_o possession_n till_o 1605_o at_o what_o time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n prince_n of_o sweden_n bring_v a_o army_n into_o livonia_n and_o after_o six_o week_n close_a siege_n have_v it_o surrender_v up_o to_o he_o since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v always_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n 2._o dunamund_n i._n e._n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o duna_n or_o dwina_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o dwina_n two_o mile_n from_o riga_n at_o its_o very_a entrance_n into_o the_o livonian_a bay_n it_o be_v a_o fort_n of_o great_a importance_n command_v the_o whole_a river_n so_o that_o without_o leave_n have_v from_o the_o governor_n here_o no_o ship_n can_v pass_v into_o or_o come_v out_o of_o the_o harbour_n of_o riga_n and_o because_o the_o dwina_n at_o this_o place_n break_v forcible_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o often_o in_o the_o spring-time_n especial_o bring_v huge_a flake_n of_o ice_n along_o with_o it_o very_o much_o alter_v the_o channel_n and_o thereby_o make_v the_o passage_n into_o the_o river_n very_o dangerous_a there_o be_v wait_v here_o a_o sort_n of_o experience_a guide_n call_v pilosen_v or_o pilot_n who_o for_o small_a wage_n conduct_v all_o stranger_n along_o the_o safe_a way_n either_o up_o to_o riga_n or_o back_o again_o into_o the_o baltic_a 3._o kakenhusen_n kockehaus_n a_o strong_a fort_n where_o be_v ancient_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n 4._o ascherad_n with_o many_o lesser_a town_n
village_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o pomeren_n and_o the_o empire_n how_o far_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n spread_v themselves_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n pass_v over_o the_o elb_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o danow_n in_o one_o year_n and_o thereby_o become_v as_o well_o the_o terror_n as_o wonder_v of_o europe_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o how_o after_o his_o death_n the_o swedish_n conquest_n in_o those_o part_n begin_v to_o lessen_v and_o several_a place_n of_o importance_n to_o be_v either_o forcible_o regain_v by_o the_o emperor_n or_o by_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o sweden_n free_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o be_v no_o less_o manifest_a what_o city_n town_n fort_n title_n territory_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o imperial_a minister_n and_o the_o swedish_n agent_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o many_o and_o large_a dominion_n which_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n either_o absolute_o and_o for_o ever_o or_o under_o some_o condition_n to_o be_v by_o the_o swede_n observe_v we_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_a mention_n remit_v the_o more_o large_a description_n of_o they_o to_o pomeren_n germany_n etc._n etc._n whereunto_o they_o do_v former_o belong_v and_o where_o a_o account_n of_o they_o may_v be_v expect_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o imperial_a plenipotentiaries_n and_o swedish_n minister_n hold_v at_o osnabrug_n and_o munster_n a._n d._n 1649_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o because_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n have_v require_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o electoral_a prince_n that_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v make_v she_o for_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o several_a place_n which_o have_v be_v by_o her_o father_n in_o the_o late_a war_n bring_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n and_o likewise_o upon_o account_n that_o she_o earnest_o desire_v as_o much_o as_o in_o she_o lay_v to_o restore_v and_o promote_v the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o the_o emperor_n and_o their_o electoral_a highness_n on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v very_o ready_a by_o all_o mean_n to_o advance_v and_o take_v care_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o electoral_a prince_n and_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o to_o her_o heir_n and_o successor_n these_o follow_a dominion_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o in_o full_a right_n of_o possession_n as_o a_o perpetual_a and_o immediate_a feud_n of_o the_o empire_n viz._n 1._o all_o nether-pomeren_a common_o call_v nor-pomern_a with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o extent_n as_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v possess_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o also_o in_o further-pomeren_a stetin_n gartz_n dam_n golnau_n the_o isle_n wollin_n with_o part_n of_o the_o river_n other_o that_o encompass_v it_o the_o sea_n common_o call_v das_fw-la frische_n haff_n with_o its_o three_o bay_n peine_fw-fr swine_n and_o divenow_n and_o so_o much_o land_n on_o each_o side_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v on_o by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v appoint_v for_o assign_v the_o just_a limit_n for_o both_o party_n which_o say_v kingdom_n of_o pomeren_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n with_o all_o dominion_n belong_v or_o place_n annex_v to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o also_o all_o territory_n prefecture_n city_n fort_n town_n village_n feud_n river_n isle_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o tribute_n revenue_n title_n dignity_n preeminence_n immunity_n and_o praerogative_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a with_o all_o other_o right_n and_o privilege_n shall_v from_o that_o day_n 27_o of_o july_n a._n 1648_o for_o ever_o belong_v to_o and_o be_v free_o use_v and_o inviolable_o possess_v by_o the_o then_z queen_n of_o sweden_n her_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v have_v enjoy_v or_o govern_v the_o same_o moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v both_o of_o they_o use_v the_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n after_o the_o manner_n that_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n use_v they_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o ever_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n so_o long_o as_o any_o of_o the_o issue_n male_a of_o that_o family_n remain_v but_o that_o upon_o defect_n of_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n none_o shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n sole_o to_o retain_v they_o without_o any_o competitor_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o then_o to_o have_v all_o further_a pomeren_n with_o the_o bishopric_n and_o chapter_n of_o camminen_n yield_v up_o to_o they_o and_o their_o successor_n for_o ever_o 2._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o elector_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o say_a queen_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o fort_n walfisch_n and_o the_o prefecture_n of_o poel_n the_o town_n sehedorff_n wietendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangern_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubeck_n except_v and_o newen_n closter_n with_o all_o right_n and_o privilege_n belong_v to_o they_o in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o meklenburg_n have_v before_o enjoy_v and_o possess_v they_o 3._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o etc._n etc._n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o breme_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verden_n with_o the_o town_n and_o prefecture_n of_o wilshausen_n and_o also_o all_o the_o right_a the_o arch-bishop_n of_o breme_n have_v to_o the_o chapter_n and_o dioece_n of_o hamburg_n provide_v that_o the_o house_n of_o holsatia_n and_o the_o city_n and_o chapter_n of_o hamburg_n retain_v their_o respective_a liberty_n possession_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o and_o singular_a right_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a to_o the_o say_a archbishopric_n bishopric_n and_o prefecture_n in_o any-wise_a belong_v yet_o to_o retain_v they_o for_o ever_o as_o a_o immediate_a fee_n of_o the_o empire_n use_v the_o ancient_a arm_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o change_v the_o ecclefiastical_a title_n into_o a_o secular_a one_o viz._n that_o of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n into_o duke_n of_o breme_n and_o verden_n and_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o grant_v to_o have_v privilege_n to_o be_v present_a at_o all_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o breme_n verden_n and_o pomeren_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o lord_n of_o wismar_n and_o to_o take_v place_n among_o the_o secular_a prince_n on_o the_o five_o seat_n in_o the_o say_a diet_n and_o in_o all_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v these_o territory_n to_o appeal_v to_o some_o of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n be_v court_n of_o judicature_n there_o to_o have_v they_o determine_v 4._o that_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n or_o her_o successor_n may_v have_v power_n to_o erect_v a_o university_n where_o they_o think_v most_o convenient_a in_o any_o part_n of_o these_o new_a dominion_n last_o that_o her_o majesty_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v all_o these_o possession_n as_o feudiatary_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o receive_v all_o investiture_n from_o and_o as_o their_o predecessor_n and_o other_o vassal_n of_o the_o empire_n former_o use_v to_o do_v to_z take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o imperial_a successor_n for_o ever_o by_o these_o additional_a dominion_n in_o pomeren_n and_o germany_n which_o at_o present_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v and_o in_o great_a confusion_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v as_o be_v say_v several_a new_a title_n confer_v upon_o they_o which_o with_o other_o that_o be_v take_v from_o their_o late_a conquest_n in_o livonia_n carelia_n etc._n etc._n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a catalogue_n the_o present_a king_n style_v himself_o thus_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o most_o &c._n &c._n prince_n charles_n xi_o king_n of_o the_o swede_n goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o hereditary_a prince_n great_a prince_n of_o finland_n duke_n of_o schonen_fw-mi esthonia_n livonia_n carelia_n breme_n verde_n stetin_n pomeren_n cassubie_n and_o wenden_n prince_n of_o rugen_n lord_n of_o ingria_n and_o wismar_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n juliers_n cleves_n bergen_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o denmark_n within_o the_o baltic_a sea_n viz._n scania_n hallandia_n
king_n of_o denmark_n be_v call_v dan_n who_o reign_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n from_o he_o denmark_n have_v its_o name_n but_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v we_o of_o this_o king_n like_o all_o their_o ancient_a history_n be_v so_o incoherent_a and_o incredible_a that_o little_a trust_n can_v be_v give_v to_o this_o etymology_n other_o ridiculous_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o dane_n and_o danemark_n from_o dan_n the_o son_n of_o jacob._n some_o from_o the_o grecian_a danai_n hadrianus_n junius_n a_o learned_a historian_n but_o not_o too_o happy_a in_o etymology_n will_v have_v the_o dane_n so_o call_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o fir-tree_n which_o grow_v in_o their_o country_n not_o consider_v that_o a_o fir-tree_n have_v not_o the_o same_o name_n dannen_n or_o tannen-baum_a in_o denmark_n as_o in_o germany_n for_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a call_v it_o a_o firtre_n or_o firtrae_n pontanus_n sleght_v all_o the_o conjecture_n of_o other_o author_n think_v he_o give_v we_o a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n dani_n and_o dania_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o people_n be_v the_o danciones_fw-la or_o dansciones_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a mr._n cambden_n read_v the_o word_n instead_o of_o dausiones_n in_o the_o vulgar_a copy_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n but_o this_o determination_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfactory_a for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o how_o long_o but_o whence_o the_o dane_n have_v have_v their_o name_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o dare_v not_o assent_v to_o any_o of_o the_o derivation_n yet_o give_v but_o have_v rather_o guess_v that_o the_o dane_n or_o dansche_n take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o great_a opinion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o uprightness_n and_o integrity_n for_o danneman_n be_v a_o word_n ordinary_o use_v among_o they_o to_o this_o day_n to_o denote_v a_o honest_a and_o good_a man_n thus_o the_o german_n use_v the_o phrase_n ein_fw-ge teutschhertziger_fw-ge mensch_fw-ge to_o signify_v a_o true_a dutch_n heart_v fellow_n and_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n to_o give_v themselves_o name_n from_o their_o piety_n as_o well_o as_o prowess_n thus_o the_o people_n who_o style_v themselves_o germane_a war-man_n in_o the_o field_n be_v teutschen_n or_o godly_a at_o home_n and_o the_o cimbri_n or_o camp-fighter_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v gottisch_n pious_a and_o religious_a as_o soon_o as_o they_o lay_v down_o their_o weapon_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o cimbri_n and_o getae_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v discourse_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o jutland_n concern_v the_o goth_n something_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o description_n of_o sweden_n and_o more_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o cimbric_n island_n the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o 1._o jutland_o situation_n division_n and_o situation_n which_o be_v a_o peninsula_n wash_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o german_a and_o baltic_a sea_n and_o bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o nether_a saxony_n 2._o zeeland_n funen_n with_o some_o more_o island_n of_o less_o note_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 3._o schonen_fw-mi and_z halland_n which_o former_o do_v belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1658_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o roschild_n between_o frederic_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o charles_n x._o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v whole_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o swedeland_n and_o by_o another_o ratification_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n 1660_o confirm_v to_o it_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o in_o some_o place_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v much_o more_o to_o the_o south_n air._n air._n nor_o so_o hot_a in_o summer_n this_o temperature_n proceed_v chief_o from_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n which_o as_o in_o england_n fan_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o summer_n and_o keep_v they_o warm_a in_o winter_n sometime_o indeed_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v freeze_v up_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n march_v his_o army_n out_o of_o jutland_n into_o zeeland_n over_o the_o ice_n and_o then_o charcoal_n and_o turf_n which_o be_v their_o only_a fuel_n stand_v their_o friend_n the_o land_n natural_o barren_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o little_a but_o wood_n and_o mountain_n be_v by_o the_o late_a care_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v very_o fruitful_a funen_n furnish_v many_o foreign_a part_n with_o barley_n and_o zeeland_n great_a trade_n lie_v in_o transport_v of_o corn_n and_o hay_n schonen_fw-mi be_v full_a of_o pleasant_a meadow_n whence_o some_o author_n think_v it_o have_v its_o name_n for_o schone_n signify_v fair_a the_o rich_a pasture_n in_o denmark_n afford_v such_o multitude_n of_o kine_n cattle_n cattle_n that_o according_a to_o oldenburgh_n relation_n some_o year_n forty_o thousand_o other_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o cow_n and_o ox_n be_v hence_o transport_v into_o the_o low_a country_n which_o must_v needs_o exceed_o enrich_v the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v also_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n but_o not_o in_o such_o number_n that_o they_o can_v afford_v to_o send_v any_o into_o other_o nation_n helmoldus_n tell_v we_o fish_n fish_n that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o great_a riches_n of_o the_o dane_n consist_v in_o fish_n and_o saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v the_o seacoast_n round_a zeeland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v so_o stock_v with_o shoal_n of_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n that_o you_o may_v not_o only_o take_v they_o up_o with_o your_o hand_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o net_n line_n or_o hook_n but_o that_o they_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n and_o bo_n certain_a it_o be_v however_o strange_a and_o incredible_a saxo_n story_n may_v appear_v herring_n swim_v usual_o in_o infinite_a number_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ancient_o better_a stock_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o fish_n then_o the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o herring-trade_n have_v fail_v strange_o here_o and_o those_o they_o do_v catch_v come_v far_o short_a of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a herring_n in_o bulk_n and_o goodness_n i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o think_v with_o oldenburgh_n this_o decay_n of_o the_o fishing-trade_n in_o denmark_n a_o judgement_n inflict_v on_o the_o inhabitant_n since_o our_o fisherman_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o some_o year_n the_o herring_n haunt_v the_o english_a shore_n sometime_o the_o dutch_a or_o french_a however_o though_o the_o herring_n have_v forsake_v they_o they_o have_v still_o plenty_n of_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n as_o plaise_n whiteing_n cod_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o dry_a and_o send_v abroad_o pontanus_n to_o show_v how_o well_o they_o be_v provide_v in_o this_o kind_n tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n it_o happen_v not_o many_o year_n before_o the_o write_n of_o his_o history_n of_o denmark_n that_o several_a ambassador_n from_o most_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n in_o europe_n be_v meet_v together_o at_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n court_n have_v some_o dispute_v about_o precedency_n some_o of_o they_o assert_v the_o dignity_n and_o power_n of_o their_o master_n from_o the_o riches_n of_o their_o country_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n other_o brag_v of_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n when_o all_o have_v do_v the_o danish_a ambassador_n tell_v they_o that_o shall_v the_o rich_a prince_n in_o europe_n sell_v his_o kingdom_n and_o with_o the_o price_n buy_v nothing_o else_o but_o wooden_a platter_n the_o king_n his_o master_n be_v able_a to_o fill_v they_o all_o with_o three_o sort_n of_o fresh_a fish_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o happy_a prince_n in_o christendom_n and_o place_v his_o ambassador_n next_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o sit_v on_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n their_o forest_n be_v full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n forest_n forest_n insomuch_o that_o every_o hunt_a season_n which_o common_o be_v in_o august_n there_o be_v above_o sixteen_o hundred_o buck_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o king_n palace_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o hare_n coney_n boar_n etc._n etc._n however_o the_o ancient_a roman_n vilify_v and_o contemn_v all_o the_o northern_a nation_n manner_n manner_n esteem_v they_o a_o sort_n of_o barbarous_a dull_a and_o unactive_a people_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o relation_n give_v by_o lucius_n florus_n and_o other_o roman_a historian_n who_o never_o care_v for_o speak_v too_o well_o of_o their_o enemy_n how_o stout_o the_o cimbrian_o encounter_v the_o roman_a force_n and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o galli_n senones_n come_v out_o of_o this_o country_n who_o force_v their_o infantry_n to_o take_v sanctuary_n or_o
come_n of_o the_o asian_o into_o these_o part_n say_v odin_n or_o woden_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o asae_n spread_v his_o language_n over_o saxony_n as_o well_o as_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n add_v further_o that_o within_o awhile_o the_o asian_a tongue_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v a_o difference_n between_o this_o tongue_n and_o the_o old_a teutonic_n may_v be_v have_v from_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o various_a phrase_n and_o propriety_n of_o speech_n use_v in_o both_o of_o they_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a differ_v and_o how_o vast_o the_o syntax_n of_o our_o english_a language_n be_v alter_v from_o the_o danish_a and_o german_a we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o confess_v before_o we_o pronounce_v these_o last_o two_o distinct_a primitive_a language_n that_o time_n be_v able_a strange_o to_o alter_v the_o physiognomy_n of_o tongue_n as_o well_o as_o man_n however_o the_o dispute_n be_v like_o short_o to_o have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o dane_n will_v in_o a_o little_a while_n if_o they_o do_v not_o already_o speak_v good_a dutch._n for_o the_o german_a tongue_n be_v now_o ordinary_o speak_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n city_n in_o denmark_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o story_n of_o king_n dan_n government_n government_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v to_o reign_v in_o this_o kingdom_n three_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o the_o best_a roman_a writer_n that_o denmark_n be_v a_o monarchy_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o catulus_n and_o marius_n near_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n afterward_o we_o have_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o gothric_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a from_o who_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n be_v descend_v in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n except_o what_o pontanus_n seem_v not_o to_o allow_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n fail_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n iii_o a._n d._n 1448_o the_o power_n of_o the_o danish_a nobility_n in_o council_n be_v exceed_o great_a but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o to_o make_v the_o supreme_a government_n aristocratical_a some_o will_v argue_v that_o the_o noble_n be_v above_o the_o king_n since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o deny_v to_o crown_n frederic_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1559_o till_o he_o have_v swear_v never_o to_o pretend_v to_o be_v able_a by_o his_o own_o authority_n to_o put_v any_o nobleman_n to_o death_n from_o this_o and_o some_o other_o like_o instance_n bodinus_fw-la endeavour_n to_o prove_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n petty_a prince_n rather_o than_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o remember_v that_o even_o in_o france_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v requisite_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n that_o every_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n shall_v make_v some_o solemn_a vow_n to_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o privilege_n of_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n and_o if_o in_o the_o case_n mention_v the_o nobility_n of_o denmark_n require_v their_o king_n to_o lay_v a_o strict_a obligation_n on_o himself_o than_o be_v usual_a the_o performance_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o not_o constrain_v the_o subject_n may_v possible_o upon_o the_o king_n refusal_n to_o gratify_v they_o have_v rebel_v against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n but_o can_v not_o just_o have_v compel_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n before_o the_o year_n 1660_o king_n king_n the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v not_o as_o norway_n hereditary_a but_o elective_a yet_o so_o that_o the_o senator_n usual_o choose_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o their_o king_n who_o thenceforward_o be_v style_v the_o prince_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o heir_n of_o norway_n the_o election_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v common_o have_v in_o this_o solemn_a manner_n as_o many_o of_o the_o noble_n as_o be_v senator_n and_o have_v power_n to_o give_v their_o voice_n agree_v upon_o some_o convenient_a place_n in_o the_o field_n where_o seat_v themselves_o in_o a_o circle_n upon_o so_o many_o great_a stone_n they_o give_v their_o vote_n this_o do_v they_o place_v their_o new_a elect_a monarch_n in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o stone_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o salute_v he_o king_n in_o seland_n to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o company_n of_o stone_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kongstolen_a or_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o story_n of_o a_o great_a stone_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n morastaen_n near_o vpsal_n in_o sweden_n near_a st._n buriens_fw-la in_o cornwall_n in_o a_o place_n which_o the_o cornish-man_n call_v biscow-woune_a be_v to_o be_v see_v nineteen_o stone_n set_v in_o a_o round_a circle_n distant_a every_o one_o about_o twelve_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o very_a centre_n one_o pitch_v far_o high_a and_o great_a than_o the_o rest_n this_o cambden_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v some_o trophy_n erect_v by_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n or_o else_o by_o athelstane_n the_o saxon_a when_o he_o have_v subdue_v cornwall_n and_o bring_v it_o under_o his_o dominion_n but_o wormius_n more_o probable_o guess_n that_o in_o this_o place_n some_o danish_a or_o saxon_a king_n be_v elect_v by_o his_o follower_n and_o i_o conceive_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o long_n meg_n and_o her_o daughter_n near_o little_a salkeld_n in_o cumberland_n but_o to_o return_v to_o denmark_n of_o late_a year_n the_o dane_n in_o their_o election_n have_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n till_o frederic_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1660_o who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o venture_v to_o exercise_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o dependence_n his_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o subject_n procure_v with_o fair_a word_n and_o threat_n a_o law_n to_o be_v establish_v that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n shall_v immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n death_n descend_v upon_o his_o lawful_a heir_n whereupon_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n v._o be_v the_o same_o night_n his_o father_n die_v without_o any_o previous_a election_n or_o consent_v ask_v of_o the_o nobility_n proclaim_v king_n the_o rite_n of_o coronation_n be_v usual_o perform_v at_o copenhagen_n where_o the_o king_n be_v anoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o roschild_n the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v king_n catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o exact_a catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n saxon_a grammaticus_n who_o live_v say_v stephanus_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n have_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a many_o story_n out_o of_o the_o scatter_a fragment_n of_o old_a runic_a inscription_n and_o ancient_a ballad_n and_o to_o relate_v they_o in_o a_o better_a method_n and_o stile_n than_o can_v be_v well_o expect_v from_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o best_a he_o meet_v with_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v of_o more_o authority_n than_o such_o venerable_a scrap_n of_o chronicle_n as_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o monumenta_fw-la danica_n and_o see_v how_o these_o two_o run_v counter_a it_o be_v hard_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o relation_n he_o give_v we_o and_o yet_o as_o difficult_a to_o provide_v ourselves_o of_o a_o better_a the_o first_o rational_a account_n give_v we_o of_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n which_o we_o may_v safe_o rely_v upon_o for_o truth_n be_v in_o our_o english_a chronicle_n which_o as_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o ol._n rosecrantz_n former_o danish_a ambassador_n in_o england_n treat_v more_o full_o and_o clear_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n than_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a historian_n wherefore_o omit_v the_o relation_n give_v of_o dan_fw-mi humblus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o heathen_a king_n as_o either_o false_a or_o frivolous_a we_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a register_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n since_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o 1._o harald_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o brother_n reinferd_n accomplice_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n for_o help_v who_o assist_v he_o in_o regain_n of_o his_o crown_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v forsake_v his_o idolatry_n and_o turn_v
1135._o 18._o eric_n edmund_n a_o pious_a and_o good_a king_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n nicolas_n and_o be_v barbarous_o murder_v by_o one_o plag_n sorte_n a_o nobleman_n of_o jutland_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n in_o the_o year_n 1139._o 19_o eric_n lamb_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n eric_n edmund_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o sceptre_n and_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o monastery_n at_o odensee_n in_o funen_n where_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1147._o 20._o swain_n gratenhede_v eric_n emund_n son_n get_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o kinsman_n eric_n lamb._n in_o this_o man_n day_n there_o be_v three_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o run_v after_o cnute_n king_n nicolas_n grandchild_n other_o follow_v waldemar_n son_n to_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n after_o some_o skirmish_n in_o which_o both_o swain_n and_o cnute_n be_v slay_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v rule_v by_o 21._o waldemar_n surname_v the_o great_a he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o north_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1182_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n 22._o cnute_n he_o brave_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o will_v needs_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o die_v at_o ringstede_n in_o the_o year_n 1202._o 23._o waldemar_n ii_o cnute_n brother_n he_o new_o model_v the_o danish_a conquer_v norway_n and_o set_v over_o it_o a_o viceroy_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_v the_o emperor_n otto_n who_o think_v to_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o holslein_n and_o have_v reign_v victorious_o thirty-nine_a year_n dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1241_o crantzius_n say_v 1242_o 24._o eric_n plog-penning_a waldemar_n son_n he_o be_v take_v at_o sleswic_n and_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n 25._o abel_n who_o reign_v wicked_o two_o year_n and_o be_v then_o murder_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o 26._o christopher_z i._o brother_n to_o eric_n and_o abel_n he_o live_v in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o his_o own_o people_n to_o who_o rebellion_n be_v now_o grow_v natural_a some_o of_o the_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v he_o be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1259_o poison_v by_o arnefast_a bishop_n of_o arhuse_v as_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v afterward_o by_o bernardine_n the_o monk_n with_o the_o eucharist_n 27._o eric_n glip_v king_n christopher_n son_n who_o be_v seat_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o lewdness_n and_o debauchery_n his_o whole_a life_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o oppression_n sacrilege_n murder_n and_o whoredom_n after_o a_o long_a uninterrupted_a course_n of_o wickedness_n sleep_v one_o night_n in_o a_o barn_n at_o findetorp_n a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiberg_n he_o be_v murder_v with_o fifty-six_a some_o say_v seventy_o wound_v give_v he_o by_o seven_o ruffian_n hire_v to_o dispatch_v he_o by_o andrew_n stigot_n marshal_n of_o danemark_n who_o wife_n he_o have_v ravish_v and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o the_o year_n 1286._o 28._o eric_n menved_a glipping_n son_n he_o be_v as_o godly_a a_o prince_n as_o his_o father_n be_v impious_a the_o murderer_n of_o his_o father_n have_v conspire_v his_o death_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o providence_n which_o protect_v he_o both_o from_o the_o lewd_a life_n and_o miserable_a death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n so_o that_o he_o die_v as_o he_o have_v live_v peaceable_o in_o the_o year_n 1319_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o ringstad_n where_o his_o epitaph_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v as_o follow_v ego_fw-la ericus_n quondam_a daniae_fw-la rex_fw-la regnans_fw-la ann_n xxxij_o rectus_n justiciarius_n pauperum_fw-la &_o divitum_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_o habuerunt_fw-la oro_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la aliquid_fw-la forefeci_fw-la ut_fw-la mihi_fw-la per_fw-la svam_fw-la gratiam_fw-la indulgeant_fw-la &_o orent_fw-la pro_fw-la anima_fw-la mea_fw-la qui_fw-la obii_fw-la a._n d._n 1319._o die_v beati_fw-la brixij_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o confessoris_fw-la 29._o christopher_n ii_o menved_n brother_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o end_v his_o day_n like_o he_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o unfortunate_a sluggish_a cruel_a and_o perfidious_a prince_n a_o hater_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o hate_v by_o the_o commonalty_n have_v he_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o religion_n policy_n or_o common_a honesty_n in_o he_o he_o may_v have_v be_v a_o happy_a prince_n for_o never_o be_v the_o dane_n more_o unwilling_a to_o rebel_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o king_n then_o in_o his_o day_n though_o never_o more_o provoke_v to_o it_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o reign_n of_o about_o thirteen_o year_n he_o die_v at_o last_o forsake_v of_o all_o neglect_v and_o unpityed_a at_o nicope_a in_o the_o isle_n of_o falster_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o after_o this_o king_n death_n the_o dane_n seem_v to_o be_v weary_a of_o a_o supreme_a sovereign_n and_o resolve_v not_o to_o set_v any_o more_o over_o they_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v more_o eligible_a to_o have_v no_o king_n at_o all_o then_o such_o as_o they_o have_v the_o bad_a luck_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o sot_n or_o a_o tyrant_n but_o after_o fifteen_o year_n confusion_n they_o find_v it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v a_o akeing_n head_n than_o none_o at_o all_o whereupon_o weary_a of_o their_o new_a anarchy_n they_o resolve_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n 30._o waldemar_n iii_o king_n christopher_n son_n who_o recollect_v the_o scatter_a member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o one_o body_n and_o dismount_v most_o of_o the_o usurper_n without_o any_o great_a bloodshed_n he_o be_v represent_v as_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a subtlety_n avarice_n and_o boldness_n when_o pope_n gregory_n xi_o threaten_a to_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o saucy_a behaviour_n and_o slight_v of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v this_o answer_n valdemarus_n rex_fw-la daniae_fw-la etc._n etc._n romano_n pontifici_fw-la salutem_fw-la vitam_fw-la habemus_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la regnum_fw-la ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la divitias_fw-la a_o parentibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la vero_fw-la a_o tuis_fw-la praedecessoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la fave_n remittimus_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la vale._n i_o e._n waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n send_v greeting_n we_o hold_v our_o life_n from_o god_n our_o kingdom_n from_o our_o subject_n our_o riches_n from_o our_o parent_n and_o our_o faith_n from_o thy_o predecessor_n which_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o grant_v we_o any_o long_a we_o do_v by_o these_o present_v resign_v farewell_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1375_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n at_o sora._n 31._o margaret_n king_n waldemar_n daughter_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n crown_v queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o manage_v the_o sceptre_n more_o discreet_o than_o almost_o any_o of_o the_o king_n her_o predecessor_n have_v do_v a_o woman_n government_n seem_v at_o first_o a_o little_a uncouth_a but_o her_o subject_n soon_o find_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o satisfaction_n in_o her_o prudent_a management_n of_o affair_n at_o home_n and_o wise_a conduct_n abroad_o when_o in_o one_o campagn_n she_o take_v albert_n king_n of_o sweden_n rodulph_n archbishop_n of_o scharen_n the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n and_o reppin_n prisoner_n her_o father_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o she_o that_o nature_n intend_v she_o for_o a_o man_n but_o spoil_v she_o in_o the_o make_n she_o die_v a_o great_a friend_n to_o religion_n and_o patroness_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o roschild_n in_o the_o year_n 1412_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o her_o great-nephew_n 32._o eric_n son_n of_o vratislaw_n vii_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n who_o have_v spend_v a_o great_a many_o year_n in_o tyranny_n rapine_n perjury_n oppression_n and_o whoredom_n be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1438_o force_v to_o quit_v his_o throne_n and_o fly_v from_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o incense_a noble_n into_o gothland_n whither_o he_o carry_v with_o he_o a_o vast_a treasure_n and_o one_o cecilia_n his_o concubine_n who_o by_o her_o evil_a counsel_n and_o proud_a humour_n bring_v he_o to_o these_o extremity_n 33._o christopher_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n another_o of_o king_n waldemar_n great-grandchildren_n succeed_v eric_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n his_o reign_n be_v short_a but_o prosperous_a especial_o against_o the_o rebel_n in_o jutland_n and_o the_o hans_n to_n he_o die_v childless_a at_o helsingburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1447._o the_o danish_a chronicle_n be_v full_a of_o his_o commendation_n but_o johannes_n gothus_n and_o other_o swedish_n historian_n will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n allow_v he_o so_o good_a a_o character_n
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
for_o many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v dub_v knight_n upon_o any_o considerable_a piece_n of_o service_n do_v their_o king_n or_o country_n the_o dane_n call_v their_o knight_n ridders_n i._n e._n equites_fw-la rider_n and_o all_o their_o offspring_n have_v the_o title_n of_o riddersmens_n man_n the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o denmark_n elephant_n knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n be_v that_o of_o the_o elephant_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v a_o better_a account_n than_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o learned_a elias_n ashmole_n esquire_n windsor_n herald_n at_o arm_n in_o his_o famous_a work_n of_o the_o institution_n law_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n p._n 120._o observe_v say_v he_o some_o difference_n among_o writer_n touch_v the_o institution_n collar_n and_o ensign_n of_o this_o order_n i_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o to_o say_v till_o at_o length_n i_o haply_o meet_v with_o better_a satisfaction_n from_o a_o letter_n write_v 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on_o every_o solemn_a festival_n he_o also_o advance_v the_o honour_n of_o this_o order_n to_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o it_o become_v accept_v by_o both_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_z james_z the_o five_o of_o scotland_n his_o sister_n son_n with_o who_o the_o ensign_n thereof_o remain_v as_o a_o pledge_n and_o assurance_n of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a friendship_n with_o these_o he_o likewise_o invest_v divers_a ambassador_n senators_z and_o noble_a dane_n there_o be_v one_o ivarus_fw-la nicholai_n hertholm_n a_o learned_a dane_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v who_o have_v write_v a_o particular_a treatise_n of_o the_o elephantine_n order_n but_o not_o yet_o print_v the_o scope_n whereof_o be_v to_o show_v that_o the_o before_o mention_v epistle_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o arhusen_n do_v not_o sufficient_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o receive_v its_o first_o institution_n when_o christian_a the_o first_o have_v those_o many_o honour_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n sixtus_n the_o four_o and_o that_o the_o badge_n be_v a_o ensign_n mere_o military_a ancient_o give_v as_o a_o memorial_n and_o incitement_n to_o the_o danish_a prince_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o defence_n of_o christianity_n against_o the_o moor_n and_o african_n it_o be_v great_o presume_v that_o this_o book_n which_o we_o hope_v may_v short_o be_v publish_v will_v furnish_v the_o world_n with_o many_o choice_a thing_n relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o institution_n ensign_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o royal_a order_n heretofore_o the_o knight_n wear_v a_o collar_n of_o gold_n compose_v of_o elephant_n and_o cross_n fashion_v something_o like_o cross_n ancree_n mennenius_n call_v they_o spur_n at_o which_o hang_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n to_o the_o middle_n hold_v christ_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o surround_v with_o a_o glory_n of_o sunbeam_n but_o they_o have_v long_o since_o lay_v this_o collar_n aside_o and_o now_o wear_v only_o a_o blue_a ribbon_n at_o which_o hang_v a_o elephant_n enamel_v white_a adorn_v with_o five_o large_a diamond_n set_v in_o the_o middle_n those_o elephant_n wear_v by_o the_o knight_n in_o the_o day_n of_o christian_a the_o four_o have_v in_o the_o same_o place_n within_o a_o circle_n the_o letter_n c_o and_o in_o the_o heart_n thereof_o the_o figure_n of_o 4_o make_v to_o signify_v christianus_n quartus_fw-la this_o honour_n have_v most_o common_o be_v confer_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n on_o the_o day_n of_o their_o coronation_n both_o upon_o the_o noble_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v frederic_n the_o three_o bring_v into_o use_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n a_o embroider_v glory_n of_o silver_n pearl_n wrought_v upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o their_o cloak_n or_o vest_n on_o which_o be_v embroider_v two_o crown_n within_o a_o rundle_n bear_v this_o motto_n deus_fw-la providebit_fw-la for_o such_o a_o one_o do_v count_n guldenlow_n ambassador_n hither_o from_o that_o king_n wear_v at_o his_o reside_v here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1669._o but_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o motto_n have_v change_v with_o the_o king_n for_o that_o of_o the_o present_a king_n be_v pielate_fw-la &_o justitia_fw-la and_o this_o the_o knight_n of_o his_o election_n now_o wear_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o circle_n nevertheless_o all_o the_o knight_n create_v by_o his_o father_n be_v oblige_v still_o to_o continue_v the_o former_a motto_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o danebroge_n or_o holy_a danish_a cross_n which_o be_v think_v miraculous_o to_o have_v preserve_v king_n waldemar_n the_o second_v army_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o lieflander_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o show_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o king_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n danebroge_n knight_n of_o danebroge_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o relic_n itself_o be_v lose_v in_o ditmarss_n but_o then_o be_v for_o many_o year_n quite_o lay_v aside_o of_o late_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n the_o five_o revive_v this_o antiquate_a order_n in_o the_o year_n 1672._o ordain_v that_o knight_n of_o this_o order_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v one_o shall_v wear_v a_o white_a enameled_a cross_n edge_v round_o with_o red_a hang_v in_o a_o string_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n reach_v from_o the_o right_a shoulder_n to_o the_o left_a side_n thomas_n bartholinus_n p._n have_v give_v we_o a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_a progress_n restauration_n etc._n etc._n of_o this_o order_n to_o who_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n out_o of_o these_o knight_n senator_n senator_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v choose_v former_o the_o senator_n who_o seldom_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o eight_o but_o be_v now_o a_o far_o great_a number_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o place_n they_o be_v maintain_v as_o our_o parliament_n may_v be_v if_o they_o please_v during_o their_o sit_v by_o the_o country_n the_o king_n allow_v they_o castle_n to_o live_v in_o they_o pay_v no_o tax_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o light-horse_n ready_a for_o service_n upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o attend_v the_o king_n at_o his_o call_n upon_o their_o own_o charge_n provide_v he_o stir_v not_o out_o of_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o if_o he_o send_v they_o on_o a_o embassy_n into_o other_o prince_n court_n they_o have_v a_o allowance_n out_o of_o the_o treasury_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v other_o that_o live_v as_o pensioner_n pensioner_n pensioner_n to_o who_o the_o king_n in_o requital_n of_o some_o good_a service_n do_v he_o assign_v certain_a live_n for_o life_n or_o a_o set_a number_n of_o year_n forlaening_a out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v to_o provide_v so_o many_o
light-horse_n as_o the_o king_n think_v fit_a and_o pay_v in_o yearly_a such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n into_o the_o treasury_n but_o these_o be_v neither_o so_o numerous_a nor_o large_a as_o before_o the_o alteration_n of_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o again_o out_o of_o the_o nobility_n be_v choose_v all_o the_o court-officer_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v 1._o court-officer_n court-officer_n the_o chancellor_n 2._o the_o admiral_n who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n he_o have_v under_o he_o a_o vice-admiral_n who_o act_v by_o his_o commission_n 3._o the_o marshal_n who_o provide_v necessary_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o dispatch_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n 4._o the_o treasurer_n who_o receive_v in_o and_z gives_z acquittance_n for_o all_o sum_n pay_v into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n he_o have_v under_o he_o two_o secretary_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a scribe_n 5._o the_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v only_o seven_o bishopric_n in_o denmark_n bishopric_n bishopric_n which_o be_v all_o as_o in_o england_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n 1._o copenhagen_n where_o the_o bishop_n have_v archiepiscopal_a right_n though_o without_o the_o title_n 2._o ripen_v and_o 3._o arhusen_n both_o in_o the_o northern_a jutland_n 4._o odensee_n in_o funen_n 5._o wiburg_n 6._o arhusen_n 7._o sleswic_n in_o the_o southern_a jutland_n the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o distinct_a corporation_n citâ—â—â—_n citâ—â—â—_n and_o the_o citizen_n enjoy_v peculiar_a privilege_n and_o charter_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n the_o rustic_n be_v either_o freeholder_n frybunder_o rustic_n rustic_n such_o as_o have_v hereditary_a estate_n pay_v only_o some_o small_a quitrent_n to_o their_o landlord_n or_o wornede_v villain_n absolute_o in_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n whilst_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n lie_v confuse_v and_o break_v into_o several_a incoherent_a part_n laâ—â—_n laâ—â—_n the_o province_n have_v not_o all_o the_o same_o law_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o peculiar_a statute_n establish_v by_o their_o petty_a but_o independent_a prince_n whence_o in_o danish_a author_n we_o meet_v often_o with_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o leges_fw-la scanicae_fw-la leges_fw-la sialandicae_n etc._n etc._n but_o afterward_o when_o all_o these_o scatter_a member_n come_v to_o be_v reunite_v under_o the_o same_o head_n they_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o government_n and_o law_n the_o law_n now_o in_o use_n be_v draw_v into_o one_o body_n which_o they_o call_v the_o jydske_n lowbog_n or_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n of_o jutland_n and_o establish_v by_o king_n waldemar_n the_o first_o and_o revise_v and_o confirm_v by_o waldemar_n the_o second_o to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o as_o the_o only_a municipal_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v former_o be_v swear_v at_o their_o 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as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o any_o sachsen-spiegel_n and_o many_o other_o part_n of_o germany_n the_o fashion_n of_o decide_v all_o manner_n of_o cause_n in_o our_o english_a court_n by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n judicature_n judicature_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o dane_n who_o use_v former_o as_o they_o do_v still_o in_o some_o part_n of_o jutland_n to_o assemble_v every_o parish_n by_o themselves_o once_o a_o year_n in_o the_o field_n to_o determine_v all_o difference_n by_o twelve_o select_a man_n from_o who_o if_o the_o disagree_a party_n be_v not_o reconcile_v a_o appeal_n lie_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o province_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o justice_n as_o be_v show_v before_o the_o heathen_a dane_n have_v another_o way_n of_o determine_v controversy_n by_o duel_n in_o which_o the_o challenger_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o justice_n of_o his_o cause_n by_o his_o success_n this_o custom_n last_v till_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n by_o poppo_n who_o to_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o doctrine_n take_v up_o with_o his_o bare_a hand_n glowing-hot_a bar_n of_o iron_n without_o the_o least_o harm_n to_o the_o admiration_n of_o all_o beholder_n this_o miracle_n wrought_v not_o only_o a_o change_n in_o the_o religion_n but_o law_n also_o of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o hereupon_o king_n sueno_n or_o suenotto_n order_v that_o thence_o forward_a all_o person_n accuse_v of_o any_o heinous_a crime_n shall_v clear_v themselves_o by_o carry_v in_o their_o hand_n a_o glow_a ploughshare_n or_o some_o other_o piece_n of_o hot_a iron_n this_o kind_n of_o purge_v be_v call_v by_o some_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n jerntegn_n i._n e._n iron-token_n by_o other_o ordale_n whence_o this_o last_o word_n shall_v fetch_v its_o original_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o by_o our_o modern_a etymologist_n verstegan_n bring_v it_o from_o or_o a_o old_a word_n for_o law_n and_o deal_v a_o part_n or_o portion_n and_o indeed_o 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divide_v former_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o gun_n and_o other_o terrible_a engine_n of_o war_n now_o use_v by_o all_o the_o european_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n the_o only_a fortification_n and_o rampart_n be_v strong_a wall_n and_o ditch_n which_o the_o ancient_n fancy_v as_o indeed_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o arrow_n and_o battleax_n the_o only_a weapon_n then_o in_o use_n of_o their_o barbarous_a neighbour_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o chinois_n think_v their_o empire_n secure_v from_o the_o incursion_n of_o their_o bloody_a neighbour_n the_o tartar_n when_o their_o famous_a king_n tzinzow_n have_v hedge_v they_o in_o with_o a_o wall_n of_o some_o hundred_o of_o mile_n in_o length_n thus_o the_o best_a expedient_a the_o roman_n can_v find_v of_o put_v the_o border_n of_o their_o british_a dominion_n in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n against_o 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christianus_n cilicius_fw-la but_o saxon_a grammaticus_n crantzius_n and_o the_o whole_a class_n of_o the_o northern_a historian_n tell_v we_o unanimous_o that_o queen_n thyra_n daughter_n of_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n and_o wife_n to_o gormo_n gamle_n king_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o authoress_n of_o this_o fortification_n and_o that_o thence_o she_o have_v the_o surname_n of_o danebode_v i.e._n the_o mistress_n builder_n of_o the_o danish_a nation_n bestow_v on_o she_o i_o can_v scarce_o allow_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o story_n to_o to_o be_v truth_n since_o we_o find_v that_o this_o surname_n be_v give_v she_o long_o before_o she_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n either_o towards_o the_o building_n or_o repair_v of_o the_o danewirk_n as_o they_o call_v this_o fort._n for_o upon_o a_o monument_n erect_v by_o king_n gormo_n gamle_n in_o honour_n of_o his_o queen_n thyra_n we_o find_v the_o follow_a inscription_n gurmr_n kunugr_n gerdi_fw-la kubl_n dusi_fw-la eft_o turui_fw-la kunu_n sina_fw-la tanmarkur-bat_n i.e._n gormo_n the_o king_n erect_v this_o tomb_n for_o thyra_n his_o queen_n danebode_v or_o repairer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n this_o inscription_n can_v be_v a_o epitaph_n write_v after_o queen_n thyra_n death_n see_v all_o the_o danish_a writer_n assert_v positive_o that_o she_o outlive_v her_o husband_n gormo_n many_o year_n and_o after_o his_o death_n take_v the_o danewirk_n in_o hand_n so_o that_o its_o more_o than_o probable_a the_o surname_n of_o danebode_v be_v give_v she_o for_o the_o many_o good_a office_n she_o have_v do_v the_o nation_n in_o repair_v several_a old_a decay_a castle_n and_o fort_n and_o build_v a_o great_a many_o new_a one_o king_n eric_n the_o eight_o in_o his_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v thyra_n build_v the_o fort_n of_o wood_n which_o witfield_n understand_v of_o the_o fence_a the_o rampire_n with_o stake_n as_o bulwark_n be_v guard_v in_o our_o modern_a fortification_n other_o make_v harald_n blaatand_v queen_n thyra_n son_n the_o first_o author_n of_o this_o work_n after_o he_o have_v drive_v the_o emperor_n otho_n out_o of_o jutland_n which_o erasmus_n laetus_n the_o danish_a virgil_n allude_v to_o when_o speak_v of_o this_o king_n harald_n he_o say_v hic_fw-la ille_fw-la est_fw-la solido_fw-la primn_v qui_fw-la cimbrica_n vallo_fw-la munijt_fw-la arva_fw-la solique_fw-la ingens_fw-la e_fw-la corpore_fw-la dorsum_fw-la eruit_fw-la immani_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la curvamine_fw-la longos_fw-la incitat_fw-la in_o tractus_fw-la mediumque_fw-la perambulat_fw-la isthmum_fw-la et_fw-la maris_fw-la eoi_fw-fr ripas_fw-la cum_fw-la littore_fw-la jungit_fw-la hesperio_fw-la ac_fw-la tenuem_fw-la sleswici_fw-la respicit_fw-la urbem_fw-la king_n eric_n decide_v this_o controversy_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o thyra_n build_v a_o wooden_a fortification_n and_o afterward_o advise_v her_o son_n to_o strengthen_v the_o work_n by_o trench_n and_o rampire_n of_o earth_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o relation_n of_o other_o historian_n both_o pontanus_n and_o wormius_n agree_v that_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a the_o rude_a draught_n of_o this_o fort_n be_v first_o draw_v by_o king_n gothric_n and_o only_o repair_v and_o improve_v by_o queen_n thyra_n king_n harald_n and_o other_o succeed_a prince_n waldemar_n the_o first_o build_v a_o wall_n of_o brick_n seven_o foot_n broad_a and_o eighteen_o high_a to_o strengthen_v it_o after_o so_o many_o improvement_n the_o fort_n be_v reckon_v impregnable_a for_o soon_o after_o king_n waldemar_n reparation_n when_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v the_o lion_n intend_v to_o have_v endeavour_v a_o breach_n through_o this_o fort_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n he_o be_v dissuade_v from_o the_o enterprise_n by_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n bernhard_n razburg_n who_o represent_v the_o undertake_n as_o a_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v assure_v he_o danewirkae_n custodium_fw-la danorum_fw-la sexaginta_fw-la millibus_fw-la mandatum_fw-la esse_fw-la i.e._n that_o danewirk_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o garrison_n of_o sixty_o thousand_o dane_n hence_o king_n sueno_n find_v himself_o unable_a to_o force_v his_o way_n through_o so_o strong_a and_o so_o well_o mane_v a_o rampire_n endeavour_v to_o work_v his_o passage_n by_o corrupt_v the_o keeper_n of_o wiglesdor_n the_o only_a gate_n lead_v through_o this_o wall_n into_o jutland_n at_o this_o day_n there_o remain_v but_o slight_a mark_n of_o so_o great_a a_o work_n at_o schubuge_a and_o hesbuge_a two_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o inhabitant_n find_v relic_n of_o old_a furnace_n and_o brick-kiln_n whence_o the_o danish_a antiquary_n conclude_v that_o king_n waldemar_n have_v his_o brick_n burn_v here_o though_o he_o be_v force_v to_o fetch_v mortar_n as_o far_o as_o gothland_n joh._n cypraeus_n tell_v we_o at_o dennenwirch_n a_o inconsiderable_a village_n in_o these_o part_n may_v still_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n where_o queen_n thyra_n lodge_v the_o same_o author_n say_v wiglesdor_n be_v ancient_o call_v kaelgate_n because_o place_v in_o a_o open_a and_o plain_a part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o enemy_n can_v have_v no_o shelter_n nor_o be_v in_o any_o probability_n of_o suprize_v the_o defendant_n holstein_n ancient_o the_o whole_a territory_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n contain_v at_o present_a in_o the_o province_n of_o holstein_n proper_o so_o call_v ditmarss_n wagerland_n and_o stormar_n go_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o nortablingia_n or_o the_o country_n beyond_o the_o elb_n northwards_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o mention_n holsatia_n which_o the_o former_a derive_v from_o holts-geseten_a i.e._n seat_v in_o a_o wood_n or_o forest_n ducatus_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la novissima_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssâ—â—io-waesbergii_a et_fw-la moses_n pitt_n the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n convenience_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o baltic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n render_v holstein_n the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n and_o make_v the_o income_n of_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n exceed_v the_o treasure_n of_o many_o prince_n in_o germany_n the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o holstein_n be_v 1._o kyel_n chilonium_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o land_n shut_v in_o betwixt_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o river_n whence_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o german_a word_n kiel_n which_o signify_v a_o wedge_n it_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o large_a and_o commodious_a haven_n which_o be_v continual_o throng_v with_o merchant-ship_n from_o germany_n liefland_n sweden_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n there_o be_v yearly_a in_o this_o town_n a_o meeting_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o holstein_n who_o come_v hither_o to_o consult_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o dukedom_n especial_o the_o concern_v of_o the_o mint_n and_o value_n of_o money_n the_o castle_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o
top_n of_o a_o hill_n command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n be_v first_o build_v by_o adolph_n of_o schaumburg_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o holstein_n earl_n adolph_n iv_o found_v a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_a minorite_n in_o this_o city_n which_o upon_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n into_o this_o country_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a territory_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hospital_n 2._o rensborg_n or_o reinholsburg_n found_v by_o one_o reinold_n of_o who_o we_o have_v no_o further_o account_v then_o that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o some_o great_a nobleman_n this_o be_v the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n environ_v with_o the_o byder_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v by_o earl_n gerhard_n the_o great_a 3._o wilster_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o soon_o after_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o stor_n 4._o nieumunster_n seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n of_o the_o stor_n not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n be_v only_o a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o saxony_n until_o lotharius_n great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bestow_v it_o upon_o adolph_n earl_n of_o schaumburg_n or_o schouwanburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1114._o since_o which_o time_n we_o have_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n 1._o adolph_n of_o schouwenburg_n the_o first_o absolute_a prince_n of_o holstein_n on_o who_o the_o earldom_n be_v bestow_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o his_o german_a and_o danish_a war_n 2._o adolph_n ii_o son_n to_o adolph_n the_o i._o have_v obtain_v his_o father_n earldom_n cast_v out_o the_o slavonian_n who_o a_o little_a before_o his_o time_n have_v overrun_v all_o this_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o plant_v in_o their_o room_n colony_n of_o german_n frisian_n and_o nether_a saxon_n in_o the_o quarrel_n among_o the_o three_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n sueno_n canutus_n and_o waldemar_n he_o side_v with_o canutus_n and_o have_v settle_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o king_n sueno_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o promise_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arms._n he_o leave_v the_o earldom_n to_o his_o son_n 3_o adolph_n iii_o who_o after_o many_o skirmish_n and_o battle_n with_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o keep_v close_a prisoner_n by_o that_o king_n who_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o some_o other_o grant_v he_o his_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n which_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v hitherto_o pretend_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n or_o any_o other_o place_n former_o subject_a to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o quiet_o retire_v to_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o ancestor_n at_o schouwenburg_n but_o these_o article_n though_o at_o the_o first_o secure_v by_o hostage_n be_v not_o long_o observe_v by_o his_o son_n 4._o adolph_n iu._n who_o associate_a to_o himself_o henry_n earl_n of_o zurin_n gerhard_n bishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o some_o other_o petit_fw-fr prince_n begin_v a_o rebellion_n against_o king_n waldemar_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n his_o father_n have_v be_v beat_v out_o of_o and_o renounce_v his_o son_n 5._o gerhard_n enjoy_v peaceable_o the_o dominion_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o be_v for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n at_o imsburg_n by_o the_o folchung_n a_o noble_a family_n in_o sweden_n for_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o ingemar_n a_o upstart_n gentleman_n but_o great_a favourite_n of_o their_o king_n magnus_n who_o they_o slay_v in_o a_o rage_n and_o cast_v his_o companion_n into_o prison_n 6._o henry_n gerhards_n son_n be_v the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o a_o custom-house_n in_o hamburg_n which_o bring_v in_o no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o successor_n 7._o gerhard_n the_o second_o son_n of_o henry_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o christopher_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v make_v protector_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n waldemar_n the_o three_o by_o these_o advantage_n his_o power_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o he_o venture_v to_o style_v himself_o duke_n of_o jutland_n and_o by_o degree_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n if_o not_o timely_o take_v off_o by_o one_o ebbo_n a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o murder_v he_o in_o his_o bed_n at_o randerhusen_n 8._o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o gerhard_n ii_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o ambassador_n send_v from_o that_o court_n a._n d._n 1363._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o candour_n courteous_a in_o his_o behaviour_n and_o exceed_o chaste_a and_o temperate_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n in_o short_a a_o man_n that_o have_v in_o he_o all_o the_o royal_a virtue_n that_o may_v deserve_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o modesty_n to_o refuse_v one_o when_o offer_v 9_o gerhard_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v son_fw-it after_o he_o have_v get_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n annex_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dithmarss_n who_o he_o have_v require_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n his_o son_n 10._o henry_n the_o three_o be_v deny_v that_o right_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n which_o his_o father_n have_v enjoy_v make_v war_n against_o eric_n the_o eight_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o which_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o flensburg_n he_o be_v slay_v 11._o adolph_n v._o common_o call_v the_o twelve_o by_o those_o that_o reckon_v all_o the_o earl_n of_o young_a house_n succeed_v his_o brother_n henry_n and_o be_v the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1440_o he_o receive_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o christopher_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n swear_v fealty_n to_o that_o crown_n christian_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n son_n of_o hedvigis_fw-la sister_n to_o henry_n and_o adolph_n the_o two_o last_o earl_n of_o holstein_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n adolph_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o dithmarss_n and_o change_v into_o a_o dukedom_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o a._n d._n 1474._o when_o this_o christian_a be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n become_v a_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o germany_n to_o their_o crown_n be_v reckon_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o duke_n of_o holstein_n though_o not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o any_o diet._n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o holstein_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v give_v to_o adolph_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n a._n d._n 1562_o who_o govern_v it_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n by_o turn_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o this_o duke_n and_o his_o issue_n male_a the_o title_n be_v confer_v on_o vlric_n king_n christian_n the_o four_o brother_n since_o his_o day_n there_o have_v be_v several_a house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n as_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n among_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n be_v chief_a and_o challenge_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v at_o first_o confer_v upon_o duke_n adolph_n king_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n jealous_a of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gottorp_n force_v this_o prince_n to_o quit_v his_o dukedom_n and_o leave_v his_o majesty_n in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o holstein_n but_o at_o the_o sign_v of_o the_o treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n at_o fountenblaeu_o on_o the_o second_o of_o september_n 1679_o the_o danish_a minister_n promise_v their_o master_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n restore_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n all_o his_o country_n town_n and_o place_n in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v and_o the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o all_o which_o he_o
endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
seem_v plain_a from_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a man_n before_o allege_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o evince_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o assertion_n that_o the_o getes_n and_o goth_n together_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o danish_a isle_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a in_o some_o small_a island_n in_o and_o near_o the_o finnic_a gulf_n the_o people_n use_v a_o language_n altogether_o unintelligible_a to_o a_o true_a dane_n or_o swede_n but_o further_a westward_o the_o language_n speak_v in_o all_o the_o baltic_a island_n be_v so_o many_o dialect_v of_o the_o gothic_a tongue_n and_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n daily_o find_v in_o most_o province_n of_o the_o danish_a and_o swedish_n dominion_n prove_v manifest_o the_o same_o word_n and_o character_n to_o have_v be_v use_v in_o schonen_fw-mi jutland_n and_o the_o intermediate_v island_n from_o the_o difference_n of_o manner_n custom_n habit_n etc._n etc._n in_o these_o isle_n no_o more_o can_v be_v concluclude_v then_o that_o some_o want_v the_o convenience_n of_o traffic_n and_o correspondence_n with_o other_o nation_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o rude_a and_o ungentile_a way_n of_o live_v teach_v they_o by_o their_o homebred_a ancestor_n whilst_o other_o who_o lay_v more_o in_o the_o road_n of_o merchant-ship_n must_v needs_o insensible_o admit_v of_o a_o daily_a alteration_n both_o in_o manner_n and_o language_n norway_n what_o the_o edda_n name_n name_n and_o other_o mythological_a writer_n tell_v we_o of_o nor_n son_n of_o their_o god_n thor_n &_o grandchild_n to_o woden_n the_o first_o grand_a captain_n of_o the_o norwegian_n from_o who_o that_o people_n and_o their_o country_n fetch_v say_v these_o man_n their_o name_n merit_n just_a as_o much_o credit_n as_o the_o danish_a story_n of_o their_o king_n dan._n the_o truth_n be_v norway_n or_o norweg_v as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o whence_o the_o latin_a word_n norwegia_fw-la be_v only_o via_fw-la seu_fw-la tractus_fw-la septentrionalis_fw-la i._n e._n a_o country_n situate_v towards_o the_o north._n hence_o in_o the_o danish_a swedish_n &_o norvegian_a tongue_n it_o be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v norrike_v or_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n pliny_n nerigon_n be_v only_o a_o corruption_n of_o this_o word_n and_o we_o find_v that_o ancient_o all_o the_o cimbrian_a kingdom_n be_v name_v regna_fw-la norica_fw-la by_o helmoldus_n the_o norwegian_n be_v call_v nordliudi_fw-la which_o word_n be_v not_o as_o dr._n heylin_n guess_v derive_v from_o the_o dutch_a word_n nordt_n and_o the_o french_a lieu_n for_o nordliod_n or_o nordtleut_fw-fr in_o the_o northern_a language_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north._n in_o the_o preface_n to_o our_o king_n aelfred_n anglo-saxonic_a version_n of_o orosius_n this_o kingdom_n be_v style_v norðh_n manna_n land_n the_o country_n of_o the_o norman_n adam_n bremensis_n call_v it_o normannia_n and_o we_o know_v rollo_n bring_v his_o norman_n out_o of_o these_o part_n this_o kingdom_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o baltic_a strait_n bound_n bound_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o jutland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o northern_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o sweden_n and_o lapland_n the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o finmark_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o 210_o german_a mile_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o norway_n be_v very_o thin_a people_v soil_n soil_n be_v a_o country_n of_o nothing_o but_o inaccessible_a and_o craggy_a mountain_n towards_o the_o south_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o inhabitant_n who_o dwell_v in_o pleasant_a valley_n encircle_v with_o barren_a and_o rocky_a hill_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v with_o wood_n which_o furnish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n with_o deal-board_n and_o mast_n for_o ship_n the_o long_a ridge_n of_o high_a mountain_n which_o divide_v this_o kingdom_n from_o sweden_n where_o pliny_n place_v his_o sevo_n be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o intolerable_a sharp_a wind_n be_v send_v down_o into_o the_o valley_n beneath_o which_o by_o this_o mean_n become_v desolate_a and_o unfruitful_a but_o more_o southerly_a and_o all_o along_o the_o western_a coast_n the_o air_n be_v much_o more_o temperate_a and_o will_v be_v healthful_a enough_o if_o not_o corrupt_v by_o the_o putrefaction_n and_o stench_n of_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o rat_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n lemmer_n which_o infect_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o the_o epidemical_a disease_n of_o the_o jaundice_n and_o a_o giddiness_n in_o the_o head_n which_o be_v most_o especial_o apt_a to_o seize_v on_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o the_o danger_n and_o unarm_v against_o the_o distemper_n in_o the_o valley_n there_o be_v good_a breed_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n commodity_n insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n export_v yearly_a great_a quantity_n of_o butter_n tallow_n hides_n and_o cheese_n their_o chief_a grain_n be_v barley_n the_o wood_n afford_v timber_n pitch_n tar_n rich_a fur_n and_o great_a store_n of_o filberd_n beside_o these_o commodity_n they_o have_v a_o good_a trade_n from_o their_o stockfish_n and_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v vend_v all_o europe_n over_o christian_n iu_o king_n of_o denmark_n employ_v several_a artist_n in_o the_o search_n of_o some_o silver_n and_o gold_n mine_n in_o the_o year_n 1623._o and_o it_o be_v say_v some_o lump_n of_o the_o oar_n of_o both_o those_o metal_n be_v here_o find_v and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n but_o this_o discovery_n never_o turn_v to_o any_o considerable_a account_n for_o the_o native_n be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o the_o art_n of_o refine_n any_o kind_n of_o mineral_n themselves_o and_o altogether_o unwilling_a to_o admit_v into_o their_o country_n any_o foreigner_n skilled_a in_o that_o way_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o complexion_n and_o humour_n with_o the_o dane_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o they_o be_v general_o effeminate_a and_o lazy_a not_o so_o much_o through_o any_o fault_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o want_n of_o employment_n for_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n seldom_o or_o never_o make_v use_v of_o this_o nation_n in_o his_o war_n as_o be_v loath_a to_o trust_v they_o with_o arm_n the_o ancient_a norwegian_n as_o well_o as_o their_o neighbour_n be_v every_o where_o report_v to_o have_v be_v notorious_a pirate_n but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o sea_n be_v scarce_o in_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n so_o secure_a from_o robbery_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n can_v scarce_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o modern_a honesty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n so_o far_o excel_v that_o of_o former_a day_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o general_a poverty_n and_o mean_a spiritedness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o which_o the_o danish_a rigour_n have_v force_v they_o for_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o ship_n allow_v they_o and_o be_v too_o low_o keep_v to_o pretend_v to_o hector_n and_o domineer_v their_o diet_n be_v what_o they_o furnish_v other_o country_n with_o stockfish_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o a_o coarse_a kind_n of_o butter_n and_o cheese_n their_o usual_a drink_n rostock_n ale_n in_o this_o they_o common_o drink_v three_o draught_n one_o in_o remembrance_n of_o god_n the_o second_o to_o the_o king_n health_n and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o queen_n as_o norway_n be_v still_o reckon_v a_o distinct_a kingdom_n from_o denmark_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o it_o have_v former_o its_o own_o independent_a king_n who_o sometime_o lord_v it_o over_o the_o monarch_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n nevertheless_o the_o account_n we_o have_v of_o these_o prince_n from_o the_o chronica_fw-la norvagica_fw-la publish_v by_o johannes_n slangerupensis_n in_o the_o year_n 1594_o and_o olaus_n wormius_n in_o the_o year_n 1633_o and_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o historian_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o incredible_a that_o it_o will_v not_o waste_v paper_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o catalogue_n of_o they_o the_o last_o king_n that_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n in_o norway_n be_v haquin_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1363_o marry_v margaret_n elder_n daughter_n of_o waldemar_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n thereupon_o unite_n the_o two_o kingdom_n now_o though_o king_n haquin_n have_v only_o one_o son_n by_o queen_n margaret_n olaus_n for_o some_o while_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n yet_o the_o dane_n have_v once_o get_v footing_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v their_o station_n and_o therefore_o to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o all_o future_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n they_o immediate_o put_v strong_a garrison_n into_o all_o the_o city_n and_o fort_n of_o consequence_n in_o the_o nation_n since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o language_n manner_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o norwegian_n and_o islander_n be_v both_o one_o
fish_n butter_n tallow_n hides_n etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n of_o norway_n to_o be_v ship_v off_o into_o other_o country_n the_o townsman_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o observe_v the_o daily_a increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n which_o it_o draw_v from_o all_o part_n and_o fear_v they_o themselves_o may_v at_o last_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o unlimited_a and_o general_a admission_n of_o foreign_a tradesman_n and_o merchant_n into_o their_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o whoever_o will_v after_o such_o a_o time_n be_v admit_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v either_o be_v whip_v at_o a_o game_n institute_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o call_v by_o they_o gantenspill_n or_o roll_v in_o mud_n and_o dirt_n or_o last_o hang_v in_o a_o basket_n over_o some_o intolerable_a and_o filthy_a smoke_n this_o hard_a usage_n quick_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o foreigner_n who_o fancy_v it_o scarce_o worth_n their_o while_n to_o purchase_v their_o freedom_n at_o so_o dear_a and_o scandalous_a a_o rate_n but_o of_o late_a the_o industry_n and_o skill_n as_o well_o as_o number_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n increase_n these_o barbarous_a custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o citizen_n themselves_o be_v now_o able_a to_o export_v what_o be_v former_o fetch_v away_o from_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o truntheim_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o berghen_n be_v subject_a the_o prefecture_n of_o sudhornleen_n nordhornleen_n soghne_n sudfiord_n norfiord_n and_o sundmerleen_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o nidrosia_n or_o truntheim_n the_o four_o castle_n and_o government_n in_o norway_n be_v that_o of_o the_o city_n nidrosia_n as_o it_o be_v ancient_o call_v from_o the_o river_n nider_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o truntheim_n former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n of_o norway_n pontanus_n somewhere_o call_v this_o city_n the_o cabinet_n of_o all_o the_o norwegian_a monument_n but_o wormius_n find_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o confer_v so_o honourable_a a_o title_n upon_o it_o when_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n into_o the_o antiquity_n old_a monument_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o primitive_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o meet_v with_o no_o more_o than_o three_o runic_a inscription_n in_o this_o whole_a diocese_n the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o haven_n make_v this_o place_n resort_v to_o by_o some_o mariner_n and_o merchant_n to_o this_o day_n but_o the_o ruin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o village_n than_o city_n not_o have_v have_v any_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v its_o former_a splendour_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1522._o its_o house_n be_v a_o company_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o rot_a building_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v decay_v below_o the_o meanness_n of_o a_o english_a cottage_n however_o something_o of_o its_o ancient_a grandeur_n still_o appear_v in_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n olaus_n which_o though_o almost_o consume_v by_o fire_n yet_o by_o the_o ruin_n show_v itself_o to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o large_a structure_n in_o the_o world_n in_o this_o church_n the_o huntsman_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v a_o yearly_a offering_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o large_a and_o stout_a white_a bear_n which_o they_o kill_v for_o the_o priest_n to_o tread_v upon_o at_o divine_a service_n groneland_n and_o iseland_n be_v former_o part_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o truntheim_n but_o now_o this_o bishopric_n be_v not_o of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n in_o the_o castle_n reside_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o whole_a prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n who_o have_v under_o he_o several_a other_o governor_n of_o lesser_a province_n in_o the_o country_n a_o little_a beyond_o this_o city_n there_o grow_v no_o wood_n at_o all_o but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n as_o well_o to_o build_v their_o house_n and_o for_o several_a implement_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o fuel_n and_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o same_o fish_n they_o feed_v their_o lamp_n in_o winter_n the_o prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1658_o be_v by_o the_o dane_n surrender_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o a_o public_a treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o year_n they_o wrest_v it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n but_o resign_v it_o back_o at_o the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n halgoland_n the_o country_n of_o ohther_n king_n aelfred_n geographer_n be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o prefecture_n of_o which_o that_o author_n give_v this_o account_n to_o the_o king_n his_o master_n ê§_n nan_o man_n ne_o bude_n be_v nor_o ðh_n a_fw-fr he_o i_o e._n that_o no_o inhabit_a country_n lie_v further_a north_n than_o this_o but_o the_o great_a fish_n trade_n upon_o these_o coast_n have_v make_v the_o english_a better_a acquaint_v with_o these_o part_n than_o this_o gentleman_n be_v with_o his_o own_o country_n the_o prefecture_n of_o wardhus_n the_o castle_n of_o wardhus_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o five_o and_o last_o great_a governor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n warda_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v this_o isle_n lie_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n from_o the_o main_a land_n of_o finmark_n be_v near_o twelve_o english_a mile_n in_o compass_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o and_o the_o two_o adjoin_a isle_n which_o in_o finmark_n go_v all_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o trunsolem_n live_v only_o upon_o stockfish_n which_o they_o dry_v in_o the_o frost_n they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o bread_n nor_o drink_n but_o what_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o other_o place_n some_o small_a stock_n of_o cattle_n they_o have_v but_o only_o such_o as_o can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o live_v of_o their_o master_n diet_n dry_a fish_n finmark_n or_o norwegian_n lapland_n on_o the_o north_n of_o norway_n lie_v finmark_n or_o as_o the_o native_n use_v to_o call_v it_o taakemark_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o ancient_a habitation_n of_o the_o finni_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n for_o the_o character_n which_o that_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o those_o people_n be_v very_o applicable_a to_o the_o modern_a finmarker_n the_o finni_n say_v he_o be_v a_o people_n extraordinary_a savage_a and_o miserable_o poor_a they_o have_v neither_o horse_n arm_n house_n nor_o home_n but_o feed_v upon_o root_n and_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n can_v procure_v and_o be_v clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o wild_a beast_n to_o this_o day_n finmark_n be_v not_o divide_v as_o all_o other_o country_n general_o be_v into_o distinct_a lordship_n and_o inheritance_n but_o as_o in_o mr._n hobbes_n state_n of_o nature_n every_o private_a man_n pretend_v a_o right_a and_o title_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o arm_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o controversy_n when_o fish_v season_n come_v in_o they_o throng_v to_o the_o seacoast_n and_o when_o that_o be_v over_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o upland_n only_o the_o islander_n in_o heymeland_n keep_v their_o station_n and_o have_v their_o church_n in_o trom_n suro_n maggero_n and_o other_o place_n the_o language_n manner_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o swedish_n lapland_n of_o which_o a_o account_n have_v be_v already_o give_v of_o the_o ancient_a commerce_n between_o the_o old_a britain_n english_a and_o norwegian_n though_o the_o relation_n which_o our_o english_a writer_n give_v we_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o brave_a exploit_n of_o the_o valiant_a british_a king_n arthur_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o romance_n yet_o in_o the_o main_a our_o best_a historian_n agree_v unanimous_o in_o this_o that_o no_o prince_n ever_o conquer_v more_o of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n than_o this_o king_n w._n lambert_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o island_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o north_n and_o east_n sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n be_v tributary_n to_o he_o and_o geoffry_n of_o monmouth_n say_v king_n arthur_z at_o one_o time_n summon_v no_o less_o than_o six_o king_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o his_o court_n in_o britain_n viz._n 1._o guillaumur_n king_n of_o ireland_n 2._o malvase_n king_n of_o iseland_n 3._o doldaff_n king_n of_o gothland_n 4._o gunnase_n king_n of_o orkney_n 5._o lot_z king_n of_o norway_n and_o 6._o aschile_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o these_o conquest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o norwegian_n incorporate_v into_o one_o nation_n with_o the_o britain_n but_o this_o amity_n be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o norway_n be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n
withal_o when_o her_o young_a one_o be_v fledge_v and_o go_v the_o inhabitant_n take_v away_o the_o down_o and_o cleanse_v it_o for_o use_n if_o the_o feather_n be_v pull_v off_o by_o man_n hand_n they_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o immediate_o rot_v away_o another_o notable_a sort_n of_o bird_n they_o have_v which_o they_o call_v a_o imbrim_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o beak_n the_o back_o grey_a and_o chequered_a with_o white_a spot_n with_o a_o white_a ring_n about_o the_o neck_n this_o bird_n have_v two_o hole_n under_o her_o wing_n each_o large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o egg_n here_o it_o be_v think_v she_o hatch_v two_o egg_n at_o once_o be_v never_o see_v with_o above_o two_o young_a one_o at_o a_o time_n nor_o know_v to_o come_v ashore_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o cod_n whiteing_n large_a flounder_n etc._n etc._n beside_o murt_n a_o kind_n of_o pilchard_n so_o plentiful_a in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o havens_n and_o creek_n be_v fill_v with_o they_o of_o these_o with_o the_o seal_n grind-whale_n and_o dogfish_n which_o be_v former_o catch_v in_o great_a number_n upon_o their_o coast_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o fero-island_n make_v ancient_o a_o vast_a advantage_n but_o of_o late_a year_n their_o fishing-trade_n be_v strange_o decay_v these_o island_n be_v first_o inhabit_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o harold_n surname_v the_o fair-haired_a king_n of_o norway_n in_o the_o year_n 868._o for_o that_o king_n have_v take_v a_o resolution_n to_o reduce_v all_o norway_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o one_o prince_n fall_v foul_a upon_o all_o the_o petit_fw-fr prince_n in_o that_o kingdom_n who_o subject_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n either_o undo_v by_o the_o war_n or_o dispossess_v of_o their_o inheritance_n resolve_v to_o seek_v out_o other_o habitation_n and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o grimar_n camban_n a_o pirate_n at_o last_o seat_v themselves_o in_o these_o island_n regni_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la f._n lamb_n sculp_v to_o the_o worp_n will_v mark_n cottle_n esq_n registe_n r_o of_o the_o prerogative_n court_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v episcopatus_fw-la bergensis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiorum_a et_fw-la mosis_fw-la pitt_n nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la tabula_fw-la episcopatwm_fw-la stavangriensis_n bergensis_fw-la et_fw-la asloiensis_fw-la vicinarumque_fw-la aliquot_fw-la territoriorum_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergii_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n their_o diet_n be_v moderate_a and_o frugal_a on_o milk_n fish_n gruel_n and_o flesh_n they_o dry_v both_o their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n in_o the_o wind_n without_o salt_n have_v windhouse_n build_v for_o this_o purpose_n after_o the_o flesh_n be_v dry_v they_o boil_v it_o in_o water_n and_o thicken_v the_o broth_n with_o barly-meal_n which_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o their_o great_a delicacy_n the_o man_n wear_v woollen_a shirt_n flannel_n trowce_n and_o waistcoat_n with_o short_a loose_a coat_n of_o the_o same_o the_o woman_n rich_a and_o poor_a go_v all_o alike_o in_o strait_a gown_n without_o skirt_n their_o stomacher_n be_v common_o large_a and_o adorn_v with_o thin_a guilt_n jingle_v plate_n of_o tin_n their_o shoe_n which_o have_v no_o sole_n but_o be_v make_v of_o piece_n of_o leather_n draw_v together_o at_o the_o heel_n and_o toe_n and_o fasten_v with_o a_o string_n or_o ribbon_n above_o the_o ankle_n be_v of_o sheepskin_n for_o the_o woman_n and_o tan_a neats-leather_n for_o the_o man_n they_o lie_v on_o bed_n of_o hay_n overspread_v with_o piece_n of_o flannel_n the_o norwegian_a tongue_n be_v heretofore_o general_o speak_v in_o the_o fero-island_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o danish_a dialect_n have_v much_o prevail_v however_o in_o the_o northern_a island_n their_o language_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n make_v up_o of_o norwegian_a word_n and_o phrase_n though_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a dialect_n the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o these_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o six_o district_n of_o norderoe_n osteroe_n stromoe_n waagoe_n sandoe_n and_o sanderoe_n to_o each_o of_o these_o district_n belong_v a_o sheriff_n who_o as_o judge_n determine_v all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n of_o less_o moment_n these_o sheriff_n gather_v the_o king_n tithe_n and_o put_v in_o execution_n all_o order_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o king_n commissary_n the_o people_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n of_o norway_n have_v no_o peculiar_a law_n of_o their_o own_o they_o have_v a_o general_a session_n hold_v once_o a_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n at_o thors-haven_n in_o which_o the_o king_n commissary_n or_o bailiff_n preside_v as_o judge_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o six_o sheriff_n who_o exhibit_v to_o the_o court_n all_o lawsuit_n either_o civil_a or_o criminal_a which_o come_v not_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o their_o petit_fw-la commission_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v thirty-six_a more_o six_z for_o each_o district_n choose_v like_o our_o juryman_n to_o assist_v the_o commissary_n in_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n and_o a_o recorder_n appoint_v to_o register_v the_o proceed_n and_o sentence_n the_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o synod_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o minister_n who_o meet_v and_o sit_v once_o a_o year_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a synod_n one_o be_v elect_v to_o preside_v over_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o title_n of_o provost_n these_o people_n be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n trygeson_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1000_o by_o sigismond_n bresteson_n a_o ferroyer_n bear_v and_o send_v into_o his_o own_o country_n by_o the_o say_a king_n for_o this_o purpose_n after_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v embrace_v in_o denmark_n and_o norway_n it_o soon_o reach_v these_o island_n there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n thirty-nine_a parish_n in_o all_o the_o island_n which_o be_v supply_v by_o so_o many_o pastor_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n beside_o sunday_n holiday_n and_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o prayer_n as_o in_o other_o place_n these_o man_n observe_v yearly_a six_o peculiar_a day_n of_o prayer_n viz._n three_o in_o ascention-week_n and_o three_o in_o michaelmas-week_n they_o have_v but_o one_o public_a school_n among_o they_o which_o be_v endow_v by_o king_n christian_n iu._n and_o nicolas_n trolle_v former_o governor_n of_o roschild_n and_o vice-admiral_n of_o denmark_n this_o furnish_v the_o university_n of_o copenhagen_n oft_o time_n with_o as_o able_a scholar_n as_o any_o other_o school_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o these_o island_n be_v skin_n feather_n tallow_n train-oyl_n and_o stocking_n upon_o all_o which_o there_o be_v a_o particular_a price_n set_v stocking_n be_v the_o chief_a staple_n commodity_n they_o have_v in_o make_v of_o which_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n rich_a and_o poor_a priest_n and_o plowman_n be_v force_v to_o employ_v themselves_o to_o help_v out_o the_o small_a income_n of_o their_o mean_a possession_n and_o inconsiderable_a stipend_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o schetland_n schetland_n or_o hetland_n as_o arngrim_n ionas_n will_v have_v the_o word_n write_v be_v a_o island_n lie_v between_o the_o fero-island_n and_o the_o promontory_n of_o schagen_n in_o jutland_n it_o have_v be_v long_o a_o dispute_n among_o the_o best_a geographer_n whether_o this_o be_v not_o the_o ancient_a thule_n gasper_n peucer_n tell_v we_o and_o our_o learned_a cambden_n encourage_v we_o to_o believe_v he_o that_o this_o island_n be_v call_v by_o the_o northern_a mariner_n to_o this_o day_n thilensell_n pomponius_n mela_n say_v of_o thule_n that_o it_o be_v belgarum_n which_o mr._n cambden_n read_v bergarum_fw-la understanding_n thereby_o the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o berghen_n littori_fw-la opposita_fw-la which_o account_n agree_v well_o with_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o island_n beside_o say_v mr._n cambden_n schetland_n be_v about_o two_o day_n sail_v from_o cathness_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v the_o exact_a distance_n between_o thule_n and_o the_o caledonian_n promontory_n in_o solinus_n be_v relation_n again_o schetland_n lie_v in_o 63_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n as_o well_o as_o ptolomy_n thule_n whether_o our_o learned_a antiquary_n read_v solinus_n aright_o or_o no_o i_o shall_v not_o venture_v to_o question_v though_o i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o that_o read_v the_o place_n quote_v thus_o a_o caledoniae_n promontorio_fw-la thulen_n petentes_fw-la bidui_fw-la navigatione_n excipiunt_fw-la haebudae_fw-la insulae_fw-la and_o not_o as_o the_o vulgar_a copy_n have_v it_o a_o caledoniae_n promontorio_fw-la thulen_n petentibus_fw-la bidui_fw-la navigatio_fw-la est_fw-la and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o follow_v ab_fw-la orcadibus_fw-la thulen_n usque_fw-la quinque_fw-la dierum_fw-la ac_fw-la noctium_fw-la navigatio_fw-la est_fw-la however_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o latitude_n of_o schetland_n will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o exceed_v sixty_o degree_n and_o a_o few_o odd_a
87_o 00_o zermony_n 18_o 53_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zerne_n 15_o 52_o 20_o 32_o 00_o zernowitz_n 16_o 54_o 40_o 35_o 30_o zerutsche_n 43_o 53_o 55_o 25_o 30_o zestackoof_n 6_o 7_o 60_o 00_o 75_o 00_o zetechor_n 14_o 51_o 20_o 39_o 00_o zetopance_n 13_o d._n  _fw-fr zeyor_n 17_o 54_o 10_o 36_o 50_o zeymy_n 18_o 54_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zezmory_n 18_o 54_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zgnilykilsz_n r._n 12_o 48_o 30_o 48_o 00_o ziaskow_n 12_o 48_o 30_o 47_o 00_o zibrogen_n 15_o 51_o 50_o 32_o 00_o ziclene_n 12_o 48_o 30_o 48_o 00_o zidelskrog_n 17_o 54_o 15_o 36_o 30_o ziecovovitz_n 14_o 52_o 40_o 40_o 00_o ziegelhoff_n 39_o 55_o 00_o 24_o 20_o  _fw-fr 43_o 53_o 50_o 25_o 20_o zigelshein_n 17_o 54_o 00_o 36_o 50_o zielenczin_n 15_o 52_o 00_o 33_o 20_o zielizarowa_n 20_o 56_o 00_o 54_o 00_o ziemovo_fw-la 15_o 51_o 40_o 34_o 00_o ziegelscheun_fw-mi 17_o 54_o 20_o 36_o 10_o zimerpude_n 16_o 54_o 40_o 38_o 00_o zimia_fw-la 14_o 51_o 40_o 33_o 00_o zimino_fw-la 15_o 52_o 00_o 34_o 20_o zimun_n 15_o 51_o 50_o 33_o 40_o zincowce_n 12_o 48_o 30_o 47_o 00_o zinten_a 14_o 16_o 54_o 20_o 38_o 00_o ziplow_n 17_o 54_o 15_o 36_o 10_o zipnow_v 14_o 53_o 00_o 33_o 00_o zirckaw_n pol._n sierakow_n 14_o 15_o 52_o 20_o 33_o 00_o zitowirz_n 12_o 50_o 00_o 47_o 00_o zitta_n 14_o 50_o 40_o 31_o 00_o zittea_n 18_o 54_o 00_o 38_o 00_o ziukow_n 12_o 49_o 00_o 45_o 00_o ziwiecz_n 14_o 49_o 20_o 36_o 00_o ziwotow_v 12_o 49_o 00_o 47_o 00_o zloczow_n 18_o 49_o 30_o 43_o 00_o zlodsiejowka_n 12_o 49_o 30_o 51_o 00_o zlota_n delina_n olim_fw-la duma_n 12_o 47_o 00_o 51_o 00_o  _fw-fr 13_o p._n  _fw-fr zlotonsza_n 13_o e._n  _fw-fr zlukein_n 18_o 55_o 30_o 42_o 00_o znin_n 15_o 52_o 50_o 34_o 40_o znszna_fw-la 12_o 48_o 00_o 47_o 00_o zobla_fw-mi 15_o 52_o 10_o 314_o 0_o zobotia_n 12_o 48_o 00_o 50_o 00_o zobowitz_n 16_o 54_o 00_o 36_o 00_o zobtenberg_n 14_o 50_o 40_o 33_o 00_o c._n zochloma_n 6_o 7_o 8_o 59_o 00_o 65_o 00_o zochow_n 18_o 49_o 30_o 39_o 00_o zoclzisski_n 18_o 54_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zodziski_n 18_o 54_o 00_o 44_o 00_o zolawi_n 15_o 52_o 00_o 34_o 00_o zolmosa_fw-la 6_o 7_o 20_o 62_o 00_o 55_o 00_o zolmin_n 12_o 48_o 30_o 50_o 00_o  _fw-fr 13_o f._n  _fw-fr zoludeki_n 18_o 53_o 00_o 42_o 00_o zoock_v fl_fw-mi 06_o 53_o 00_o 78_o 00_o zoossa_n 6_o 7_o 8_o 20_o 56_o 00_o 56_o 00_o zopka_n 16_o 54_o 00_o 36_o 30_o zopoczkini_fw-la 14_o 54_o 00_o 42_o 00_o zorany_n 18_o 55_o 30_o 40_o 00_o zorawka_n 12_o 49_o 30_o 51_o 00_o zornogar_n 10_o f._n  _fw-fr zorno_n more_n 06_o 44_o 00_o 52_o 00_o zornownow_v 12_o 50_o 00_o 44_o 00_o  _fw-fr 18_o 50_o 30_o 43_o 00_o zorzo_n 06_o 44_o 00_o 41_o 00_o zossle_n 18_o 54_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zottersdal_n 20_o 58_o 00_o 22_o 00_o zotterdalvalle_n 25_o 58_o 30_o 22_o 00_o zouzel_n 19_o 56_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zplawi_n 15_o 51_o 50_o 33_o 40_o zarayki_n 12_o 49_o 00_o 47_o 00_o i._o zubzinski_n 10_o b._n  _fw-fr zuchow_n 12_o 50_o 30_o 44_o 00_o  _fw-fr 18_o 50_o 30_o 43_o 00_o zuerkova_fw-la luki_n 6_o 8_o 20_o 54_o 00_o 50_o 00_o zugan_n 06_o 48_o 00_o 77_o 00_o zugore_fw-la 18_o 54_o 00_o 42_o 00_o zuishous_n 20_o 63_o 00_o 45_o 00_o zukamjervi_fw-la 21_o 62_o 00_o 51_o 00_o zullenzig_n 15_o 52_o 20_o 32_o 00_o p._n zulichowo_a g._n zillich_n 15_o 51_o 50_o 32_o 40_o zum_fw-ge leinen_n 14_o 52_o 40_o 36_o 00_o zum_fw-ge leven_fw-ge 14_o 53_o 00_o 38_o 00_o zumoscie_a 08_o 54_o 00_o 61_o 00_o zunz_n fl_fw-mi 06_o 46_o 00_o 68_o 00_o zunza_n 06_o 47_o 00_o 69_o 00_o zupruny_a 18_o 54_o 00_o 43_o 00_o zuschabresche_n 14_o 52_o 20_o 35_o 00_o zutphen_n 20_o 52_o 00_o 21_o 00_o zuy_n 20_o 56_o 00_o 51_o 00_o zuyder_n see_v 20_o 52_o 00_o 20_o 00_o po._n de_fw-fr zuzaco_n 11_o 46_o 00_o 59_o 00_o zuzaco_n tazosolim_n 06_o 47_o 00_o 59_o 00_o zwabiski_n 18_o 55_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zwan_n h._n 12_o 48_o 30_o 45_o 00_o zwaniez_n 12_o 48_o 30_o 44_o 00_o zwaniecz_n r._n 12_o 49_o 00_o 44_o 00_o zwenirporoh_fw-la 18_o 52_o 00_o 51_o 00_o zwiabel_n 18_o 50_o 30_o 45_o 00_o zwimacze_n 18_o 50_o 30_o 43_o 00_o zwmogrolka_fw-mi 12_o 48_o 30_o 48_o 00_o zwonowo_n 15_o 52_o 30_o 34_o 20_o zycin_n 18_o 53_o 00_o 45_o 00_o zydaczow_n 18_o 49_o 30_o 42_o 00_o zydowiec_fw-la 12_o 49_o 30_o 47_o 00_o zydowo_n 15_o 51_o 50_o 33_o 40_o zygnnintow_v 12_o 49_o 00_o 51_o 00_o zymka_fw-mi 15_o 51_o 50_o 34_o 00_o zynkow_n 12_o 49_o 00_o 52_o 00_o  _fw-fr 18_o 49_o 00_o 44_o 00_o zyoe_n 38_o 55_o 00_o 25_o 40_o zysseza_n 6_o 20_o 56_o 00_o 51_o 00_o zytomirz_n 18_o 50_o 30_o 46_o 00_o direction_n for_o the_o book-binder_n sheet_n of_o description_n etc._n etc._n the_o title_n and_o dedication_n the_o proposal_n and_o subscriber_n name_n the_o introduction_n to_o geography_n a_o b_o c_o inclusive_a greenland_n pag._n 1._o willoughbyes_n island_n pag._n 6._o nova_fw-la zembla_n ibid._n cherry_n and_o other_o island_n pag._n 7._o john_n main_n island_n pag._n 9_o groneland_n ibid._n friesland_n pag._n 13._o europe_n pag._n 14._o russia_n or_o muscovy_n pag._n 17._o several_a province_n of_o russia_n pag._n 21._o government_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o ruff_n pag._n 29._o history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o russia_n pag._n 37._o lake_n and_o river_n of_o muscovy_n pag_n 39_o crim_n tartar_n pag._n 43._o boristhenes_n and_o the_o cosack_n of_o vkrain_n pag._n 49._o of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o pomeren_n and_o the_o empire_n pag._n 37._o the_o second_o alphabet_n poland_n pag._n 1._o great_a poland_n pag._n 13._o massovia_n pag._n 15._o prussia_n ibid._n prussia_n regia_n pag._n 19_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n ibid._n samogitia_n pag._n 22._o livonia_n ibid._n volhinia_n podolia_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 24._o lesser_a poland_n pag._n 25._o other_o country_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n pag._n 26._o pretension_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o poland_n pag._n 27._o the_o three_o alphabet_n sweden_n pag._n 1._o the_o laplander_n manner_n of_o live_a pag._n 11._o province_n of_o sweden_n pag._n 12._o government_n and_o manner_n of_o sweden_n pag._n 17._o gothia_n and_o its_o province_n pag._n 24._o catalogue_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o goth-land_n pag._n 27._o principality_n of_o finland_n pag._n 24._o ingria_n or_o ingermanland_n pag._n 35._o of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o livonia_n pag._n 36._o of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o denmark_n pag._n 38._o of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n pag._n 40._o of_o denmark_n pag._n 41._o of_o jutland_n pag._n 52._o north_n jutland_n ibid._n south_n jutland_n 54._o partition_n of_o holstein_n from_o denmark_n pag._n 56._o holstein_n ibid._n dithmarse_a pag._n 58._o stormar_n ibid._n wagria_n pag_n 59_o baltic_a sea_n pag._n 61._o fionia_n ibid._n seland_n pag._n 62._o laland_n pag._n 64._o lesser_a island_n ibid._n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o those_o isle_n pag._n 65._o norway_n pag._n 66._o masterland_n pag._n 67._o bishopric_n of_o anslo_n and_o staffengar_fw-la ibid._n prefecture_n of_o bergen_n pag._n 67._o bishopric_n of_o nidrosse_a pag._n 68_o prefecture_n of_o wardhus_n ibid._n norwegian_a lapland_n ibid._n of_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o ancient_a britan_n english_a and_o norwegian_n ibid._n island_n of_o foero_n pag._n 70._o island_n of_o shetland_n pag._n 71._o iseland_n pag._n 68_o index_n from_o b_o to_o mm_o inclusive_o in_o which_o be_v also_o a_o catalogue_n of_o book_n print_v at_o the_o theatre_n in_o oxford_n and_o sell_v by_o moses_n pitt_n at_o the_o angel_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n london_n figure_n and_o map_n to_o be_v place_v thus_o 1._o the_o king_n picture_n 2._o a_o copper_n title_n 3._o a_o map_n of_o both_o the_o hemisphere_n 4._o a_o map_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o plain_a chart_n both_o before_o the_o introduction_n to_o geography_n 5._o a_o map_n of_o the_o north-pole_n pag._n 1._o of_o greenland_n 6._o a_o map_n of_o europe_n pag._n 14._o 7._o laplander_n manner_n of_o live_v in_o summer_n and_o winter_n place_n in_o the_o description_n of_o sweden_n pag._n 11._o in_o the_o three_o alphabet_n the_o follow_a map_n be_v mark_v or_o number_v on_o the_o plate_n thus_o answerable_a to_o the_o index_n 6._o novissima_fw-la russiae_n tabula_fw-la pag._n 17._o 7._o russiae_n vulgo_fw-la muscoviae_fw-la pag._n 18._o 8._o muscoviae_fw-la pars_fw-la australis_fw-la pag._n 21._o 9_o dwinae_fw-la fluvii_fw-la descriptio_fw-la pag._n 22._o 10._o nova_n &_o acurata_n wolgae_n fluminis_fw-la olim_fw-la rha_n dicti_fw-la delineatio_fw-la pag._n 41._o 11._o taurica_n chersonesus_n hodie_fw-la przecopsca_n &_o gazara_n dicitur_fw-la pag._n 43._o 12._o typus_fw-la generalis_fw-la vkrainae_fw-la pag._n 49._o 13._o tractatus_fw-la borysthenis_n vulgo_fw-la dniepr_fw-la &_o niepr_fw-la dicti_fw-la pag._n
their_o lodging_n be_v open_a to_o all_o comer_n who_o be_v welcome_a to_o such_o entertainment_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v tacitus_n and_o other_o give_v the_o same_o account_n of_o they_o nor_o have_v the_o german_a nobleman_n to_o this_o day_n degenerate_v from_o the_o good_a nature_n and_o hospitality_n of_o their_o forefather_n the_o relation_n which_o a_o modern_a italian_a writer_n give_v of_o sweden_n be_v as_o applicable_a to_o germany_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr strade_fw-mi non_fw-la sono_fw-la assassini_fw-la si_fw-la che_fw-it si_fw-mi va_fw-fr molto_fw-mi sicurament_fw-mi pochissimo_fw-la si_fw-la spendi_fw-la da_fw-la viandanti_fw-la non_fw-la usando_fw-la di_fw-it dimandar_n cosa_fw-mi alcuna_fw-la per_fw-la conto_fw-la dell_fw-it '_o albergo_v o_fw-it del_fw-it cibo_fw-la i._n e._n there_o be_v here_o no_o murder_n nor_o robbery_n commit_v on_o the_o highway_n but_o you_o may_v travel_v with_o all_o imaginable_a security_n beside_o you_o travel_v cheap_a in_o this_o country_n because_o you_o pay_v nothing_o or_o very_o little_a for_o your_o victual_n and_o lodging_n the_o only_a inconvenience_n you_o meet_v with_o on_o the_o road_n be_v the_o be_v condemn_v to_o ride_v night_n and_o day_n in_o a_o post-waggon_n so_o they_o call_v it_o which_o will_v carry_v you_o little_o fast_o than_o a_o footpace_n if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o rest_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o winter-night_n the_o best_a bed_v you_o be_v to_o expect_v be_v clean_a straw_n upon_o which_o all_o that_o meet_v together_o man_n and_o woman_n noble_n and_o peasant_n promiscuous_o tumble_v that_o the_o german_n be_v ancient_o man_n of_o courage_n â—alour_n â—alour_n and_o take_v that_o name_n from_o their_o prowess_n we_o have_v already_o show_v willichius_n give_v this_o high_a character_n of_o the_o present_a german_n vincuntur_fw-la quidem_fw-la germani_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la a_o germanis_fw-la i._n e._n it_o be_v indeed_o possible_a the_o german_n may_v be_v conquer_v but_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o german_n we_o have_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o this_o in_o their_o late_a war_n wherein_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n vanquish_v the_o emperor_n with_o his_o own_o subject_n that_o great_a prince_n army_n have_v be_v quick_o overthrow_v and_o swallow_v up_o by_o the_o imperialist_n have_v not_o the_o saxon_n and_o brandenburger_n help_v he_o out_o the_o only_a instance_n of_o want_n of_o courage_n in_o a_o german_a army_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v that_o which_o we_o find_v record_v of_o the_o count_n of_o mansfield_n army_n consist_v of_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n who_o suffer_v a_o small_a body_n of_o ten_o thousand_o turk_n to_o pass_v by_o their_o trench_n without_o disturbance_n and_o to_o relieve_v grand_fw-mi a_o great_a town_n in_o hungary_n before_o their_o face_n but_o we_o be_v not_o to_o argue_v from_o this_o one_o passage_n that_o the_o high_a dutch_a soldier_n want_v valour_n we_o may_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v of_o the_o contrary_a when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o imperial_a crown_n never_o yet_o fall_v from_o their_o head_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o vigorous_a assault_n make_v by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n donatus_n gianottus_n a_o late_a italian_a historian_n confess_v that_o non_fw-la e_fw-la dubio_fw-la che_fw-it se_fw-mi le_fw-fr forze_n dell_fw-it '_o alemagna_fw-la fusseno_fw-la unite_v habberebbe_fw-it l'_fw-it italia_n a_o temer_n di_fw-mi loro_fw-mi molto_fw-mi piu_fw-mi che_fw-it di_fw-it quelle_fw-fr del_fw-it turco_n i._n e._n it_o be_v no_o question_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n will_v amicable_o compose_v difference_n among_o themselves_o and_o unite_v their_o force_n italy_n will_v have_v reason_n to_o fear_v they_o much_o more_o than_o the_o turk_n and_o any_o man_n will_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v he_o that_o shall_v consider_v what_o vast_a number_n of_o 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nihil_fw-la juris_fw-la pontifici_fw-la romano_n sit_v in_o imperium_fw-la i._n e._n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o pretend_v to_o any_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o empire_n he_o depose_v pope_n john_n xxii_o and_o set_v up_o nicolas_n v._o in_o his_o stead_n he_o slight_v the_o pope_n excommunication_n which_o be_v daily_o denounce_v against_o he_o be_v encourage_v thereto_o by_o occam_n and_o some_o other_o who_o come_v in_o with_o he_o for_o a_o share_n in_o the_o curse_n occam_n continual_a advice_n to_o he_o be_v o_o mi_fw-mi imperator_fw-la tu_fw-la i_o gladio_fw-la defend_v ego_fw-la te_fw-la verbis_fw-la &_o scriptis_fw-la defendam_fw-la i._n e._n do_v you_o my_o liege_n guard_v i_o with_o your_o sword_n and_o i_o will_v protect_v you_o with_o word_n and_o writing_n 1346._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ludowic_n charles_n iv_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v elect_v and_o proclaim_v emperor_n by_o a_o gang_n which_o he_o have_v corrupt_v 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in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o hussites_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o empire_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n 1440._o frideric_n iii_o or_o iu_o if_o we_o reckon_v the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o be_v slay_v at_o fritzlar_n for_o one_o duke_n of_o austria_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v into_o the_o imperial_a throne_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n and_o be_v crown_v emperor_n at_o rome_n by_o pope_n nicolas_n v._o he_o make_v it_o his_o whole_a business_n to_o procure_v and_o establish_v a_o universal_a peace_n in_o christendom_n and_o to_o that_o end_n procure_v the_o call_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n he_o marry_v leonora_n daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n king_n of_o portugal_n whence_o the_o house_n of_o spain_n and_o austria_n be_v unite_v into_o one_o family_n he_o reign_v fifty_o and_o three_o year_n the_o long_a of_o any_o of_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o die_v as_o some_o say_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o
eat_v too_o much_o of_o a_o melon_n though_o he_o be_v never_o tax_v for_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o manner_n of_o intemperance_n in_o meat_n or_o drink_n but_o always_o esteem_v a_o severe_a punisher_n of_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n 1493._o maximilian_n succeed_v his_o father_n frideric_n have_v be_v before_o his_o father_n death_n crown_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o year_n 1486._o from_o his_o birth_n till_o he_o be_v almost_o nine_o year_n old_a he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v utter_o speechless_a but_o afterward_o he_o gain_v the_o use_n of_o his_o tongue_n and_o prove_v one_o of_o the_o most_o eloquent_a and_o learned_a emperor_n that_o germany_n ever_o breed_v he_o marry_v mary_n the_o only_a daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n upon_o which_o marriage_n all_o the_o dukedom_n marquisat_n earldom_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o which_o the_o say_a charles_n have_v be_v lord_n be_v for_o ever_o annex_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o his_o neighbour_n on_o all_o hand_n especial_o the_o venetian_n be_v almost_o innumerable_a though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n it_o be_v report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o will_v never_o pass_v by_o a_o gallow_n or_o gibbet_n without_o a_o reverend_a salute_n in_o these_o word_n salve_fw-la sancta_fw-la justitia_fw-la for_o five_o year_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o twenty-fifth_a year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v his_o coffin_n always_o by_o he_o and_o carry_v after_o he_o in_o every_o expedition_n he_o undertake_v which_o give_v some_o of_o his_o retinue_n occasion_n to_o conjecture_v that_o he_o have_v some_o great_a treasure_n in_o it_o and_o that_o the_o pretence_n of_o its_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o mortality_n be_v only_o a_o false_a veil_n to_o blind_v the_o vulgar_a 1519._o charles_n v._o son_n to_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n be_v elect_v emperor_n and_o crown_v with_o the_o great_a pomp_n imaginable_a at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n a_o puissant_a and_o brave_a prince_n who_o well_o deserve_v the_o surname_n of_o great_a confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n paul_n iii_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o his_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o conquest_n the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n mention_v forty_o great_a victory_n obtain_v by_o he_o and_o seventy_o battle_n from_o which_o he_o come_v off_o the_o field_n a_o conqueror_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o french_a king_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o prisoner_n he_o quash_v the_o league_n make_v by_o the_o protestant_n at_o schmalcade_n and_o take_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o landtgrave_n of_o hassia_n prisoner_n he_o force_v the_o great_a turk_n to_o relinquish_v vienna_n and_o afterward_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n at_o last_o have_v reign_v thirty-eight_a year_n load_v with_o victory_n and_o honour_n he_o resign_v the_o empire_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o monastery_n where_o he_o be_v use_v to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v more_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o retire_a and_o solitary_a enjoyment_n of_o one_o day_n in_o a_o monk_n cell_n than_o ever_o he_o can_v perceive_v in_o all_o the_o fortunate_a triumph_n that_o attend_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o life_n 1558._o ferdinand_n i._o upon_o the_o voluntary_a resignation_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n v._o be_v by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o elector_n declare_v emperor_n though_o pope_n pius_n iv_o refuse_v to_o pronounce_v the_o election_n valid_a because_o ferdinand_n have_v grant_v the_o lutheran_n a_o toleration_n but_o some_o say_v the_o same_o pope_n be_v afterward_o so_o far_o reconcile_v to_o he_o as_o to_o grant_v he_o the_o privilege_n of_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n in_o both_o kind_n he_o be_v a_o mild_a peaceful_a and_o temperate_a prince_n a_o hard_a student_n and_o perfect_a master_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n he_o be_v exceed_v courteous_a to_o all_o even_o the_o mean_a of_o his_o subject_n and_o have_v a_o certain_a hour_n in_o every_o day_n in_o which_o he_o attend_v the_o suit_n and_o complaint_n of_o poor_a man_n when_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n object_v to_o he_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v follow_v upon_o the_o permission_n of_o so_o easy_a a_o access_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o supplicant_n he_o answer_v that_o himself_o can_v expect_v but_o harsh_a usage_n at_o god_n throne_n if_o beggar_n be_v hinder_v from_o approach_v his_o he_o die_v of_o a_o catarrh_n in_o the_o sixty-first_a year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v six_o year_n 1564._o maximilian_n ii_o ferdinand_n son_n and_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v elect_v into_o his_o father_n room_n be_v first_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o francfurt_n and_o afterward_o crown_v king_n of_o hungary_n this_o emperor_n prove_v as_o great_a a_o favourer_n of_o the_o protestant_n as_o his_o father_n insomuch_o that_o some_o roman_a catholic_o have_v not_o stick_v to_o call_v he_o the_o lutheran_n emperor_n he_o renew_v the_o article_n of_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o protestant_n and_o popish_a party_n at_o passaw_n and_o grant_v some_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o austrian_a family_n a_o free_a exercise_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n qui_fw-la in_o conscientiis_fw-la imperium_fw-la sibi_fw-la sumunt_fw-la conantur_fw-la coeli_fw-la arcem_fw-la invadere_fw-la be_v a_o say_n which_o historian_n know_v not_o whither_o to_o attribute_v to_o this_o emperor_n or_o maximilian_n i._n but_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a it_o be_v the_o former_n since_o he_o be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a favourer_n of_o the_o protestant_a persuasion_n that_o ever_o rule_v the_o german_a empire_n he_o die_v at_o ratisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o have_v reign_v twelve_o year_n 1576._o rudolph_n maximilian_n son_n be_v elect_v emperor_n immediate_o upon_o his_o father_n death_n some_o curious_a chronologer_n have_v fancy_v his_o come_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n in_o this_o year_n something_o ominous_a since_o the_o numeral_a letter_n in_o rvdolphvs_n imperator_fw-la avgvstvs_n make_v up_o the_o number_n 1576._o he_o be_v a_o prince_n exceed_o addict_v to_o the_o study_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o art_n and_o science_n especial_o the_o mathematics_n and_o mechanic_n in_o both_o which_o he_o receive_v great_a assistance_n from_o the_o famous_a astronomer_n tycho_n brahe_n who_o die_v in_o his_o court_n where_o he_o have_v spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o banishment_n several_a city_n and_o province_n in_o germany_n at_o his_o request_n begin_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o gregorian_a account_n though_o many_o ambassador_n send_v from_o the_o elector_n to_o rotenburg_n to_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a reject_v it_o the_o great_a war_n he_o engage_v himself_o in_o be_v against_o the_o turk_n with_o who_o at_o last_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o but_o the_o truth_n be_v he_o mind_v his_o book_n more_o than_o art_n of_o chivalry_n and_o be_v a_o great_a scholar_n than_o soldier_n which_o give_v his_o brother_n mathias_n opportunity_n of_o undermine_v and_o cheat_v he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n and_o force_v he_o to_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o arch-dukedom_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n 1612._o mathias_n upon_o his_o brother_n death_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v emperor_n at_o francfurt_n the_o protestant_a religion_n be_v as_o much_o persecute_v by_o this_o emperor_n as_o it_o be_v encourage_v by_o his_o predecessor_n which_o harshness_n and_o severity_n give_v occasion_n to_o that_o bloody_a civil-war_n which_o break_v out_o first_o in_o bohemia_n and_o have_v afterward_o like_a to_o have_v set_v the_o whole_a empire_n in_o a_o flame_n when_o the_o oppression_n which_o the_o protestant_n lie_v under_o have_v occasion_v some_o dangerous_a sedition_n in_o a_o great_a many_o considerable_a city_n and_o market-town_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o emperor_n order_v a_o synod_n to_o be_v call_v at_o prague_n design_v to_o allow_v the_o dissent_v party_n as_o they_o term_v the_o lutheran_n some_o small_a privilege_n but_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v far_o short_a of_o the_o large_a charter_n give_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o his_o brother_n rudolph_n at_o this_o meeting_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n william_n slabate_v and_o jurislaw_n bazius_n where_o throw_v out_o of_o the_o window_n for_o their_o domineer_a carriage_n and_o so_o perish_v this_o mighty_o incense_v the_o emperor_n who_o endeavour_v to_o be_v revenge_v have_v like_a to_o have_v ruin_v himself_o and_o his_o empire_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n have_v reign_v seven_o year_n 1619._o ferdinand_n of_o gratz_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o grandson_n to_o ferdinand_n i._o by_o
his_o son_n charles_n succeed_v mathias_n in_o all_o his_o title_n and_o dominion_n the_o bohemian_o fear_v he_o may_v prove_v as_o severe_a a_o persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o upon_o his_o be_v proclaim_v emperor_n proffer_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n to_o frideric_n v._o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o accept_v their_o kindness_n which_o so_o high_o enrage_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n whole_o to_o ruin_n and_o overthrow_v the_o protestant_a party_n whereupon_o ensue_v that_o bloody_a german_a war_n of_o almost_o thirty_o year_n continuance_n which_o be_v at_o last_o happy_o conclude_v by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o after_o a_o troublesome_a reign_n of_o seventeen_o year_n spend_v in_o a_o continual_a civil_a war_n which_o have_v ruin_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o die_v at_o vienna_n leave_v his_o distract_a empire_n to_o his_o son_n 1637._o ferdinand_n iii_o who_o the_o year_n before_o his_o father_n death_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v with_o variety_n of_o success_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a party_n at_o ratisbon_n and_o break_v the_o vast_a power_n of_o the_o swede_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o norlingen_n but_o afterward_o be_v forsake_v by_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v force_v to_o think_v of_o procure_v a_o peace_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o treaty_n according_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v seal_v at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n the_o popish_a agent_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o the_o former_a of_o these_o city_n and_o the_o protestant_n in_o the_o latter_a a._n d._n 1648._o in_o the_o year_n 1653_o ferdinand_n iv_o this_o emperor_n elder_a son_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o augsburg_n by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n and_o within_o a_o month_n after_o solemn_o crown_v at_o ratisbon_n but_o die_v within_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n he_o never_o live_v to_o inherit_v the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n who_o survive_v till_o the_o three_o of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o 1658._o leopold_n the_o present_a emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o son_n of_o ferdinand_n iii_o be_v elect_v on_o the_o eight_o day_n of_o july_n after_o a_o vacancy_n of_o fifteen_o month_n into_o his_o father_n throne_n and_o crown_v at_o francfurt_n the_o twentysecond_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n he_o be_v a_o mild_a peaceful_a and_o religious_a prince_n a_o great_a lover_n and_o encourager_n of_o learning_n and_o more_o conversant_a in_o the_o study_n of_o book_n than_o arms._n whether_o his_o young_a son_n now_o live_v who_o be_v not_o yet_o full_a three_o year_n old_a will_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o the_o grow_a interest_n of_o the_o french_a king_n may_v engage_v a_o party_n strong_a enough_o for_o the_o dauphin_n be_v a_o question_n that_o time_n only_o can_v resolve_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n though_o the_o word_n imperator_fw-la and_o rex_fw-la seem_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v for_o many_o year_n distinguish_v between_o a_o emperor_n and_o a_o king_n and_o give_v the_o former_a the_o preeminence_n all_o the_o european_a monarch_n that_o write_v themselves_o king_n do_v willing_o and_o ready_o give_v place_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o ambassador_n in_o foreign_a court_n be_v always_o first_o admit_v to_o audience_n david_n vngnade_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ambassador_n at_o the_o court_n of_o constantinople_n have_v design_v to_o take_v formal_a 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general_o receive_v opinion_n among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o the_o tradition_n be_v stiff_o assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o many_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a writer_n that_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n ancient_o pretend_v to_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o call_v their_o emperor_n der_n romischer_n kayser_n that_o be_v the_o roman_a cesar_n and_o the_o german_a empire_n das_n heilige_v romische_n reich_n that_o be_v the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o stay_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n or_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o their_o emperor_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o know_v that_o petronius_n verse_n orbem_fw-la jam_fw-la totum_fw-la victor_n romanus_n habebat_fw-la be_v only_o a_o hyperbolical_a rant_v and_o when_o st._n luke_n tell_v sus_fw-la there_o go_v out_o a_o decree_n from_o cesar_n augustus_n that_o all_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v tax_v he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d than_o the_o several_a province_n and_o territory_n of_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v then_o make_v themselves_o master_n so_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v which_o we_o shall_v find_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o do_v that_o the_o whole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a caesar_n descend_v upon_o the_o german_a emperor_n it_o will_v not_o thence_o follow_v what_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n to_o go_v no_o further_o aught_o to_o pay_v some_o homage_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o we_o can_v indeed_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o as_o this_o that_o the_o german_a emperor_n have_v any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n the_o original_n of_o this_o conceit_n spring_v hence_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 800_o come_v to_o rome_n upon_o some_o religious_a account_n or_o other_o and_o not_o to_o lay_v claim_n to_o that_o city_n be_v unexpected_o salute_v by_o pope_n leo_n iii_o and_o the_o citizen_n by_o the_o title_n of_o romanorum_fw-la imperator_fw-la augustus_n but_o what_o a_o sorry_a kind_n of_o empire_n the_o roman_n can_v then_o pretend_v to_o be_v well_o know_v the_o western_a part_n of_o their_o ancient_a empire_n germany_n and_o france_n be_v already_o in_o charles_n possession_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n which_o that_o city_n once_o challenge_v in_o spain_n and_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v quite_o lose_v nay_o in_o italy_n itself_o the_o pope_n and_o citizen_n of_o rome_n have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o dispose_v of_o except_o that_o city_n and_o some_o few_o small_a town_n which_o this_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o father_n have_v take_v from_o the_o lombard_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o charles_n the_o great_a get_v little_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a title_n at_o rome_n and_o that_o some_o other_o consideration_n as_o the_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n beyond_o the_o narrow_a compass_n of_o any_o european_a kingdom_n have_v move_v all_o the_o western_a monarch_n to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o emperor_n beside_o the_o crafty_a bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v always_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o diminish_v the_o emperor_n power_n and_o grandeur_n lest_o it_o shall_v eclipse_v their_o own_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o authority_n which_o the_o emperor_n do_v still_o retain_v be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o secure_v they_o from_o contempt_n and_o the_o imperial_a crown_n bring_v little_o more_o dominion_n along_o with_o it_o though_o much_o more_o honourable_a then_o that_o of_o a_o inferior_a monarch_n it_o be_v a_o undoubted_a prerogative_n of_o every_o great_a monarch_n in_o the_o world_n to_o confer_v title_n of_o honour_n as_o duke_n
present_a religious_a emperor_n into_o a_o compliance_n with_o whatever_o they_o buzz_v into_o his_o ear_n how_o the_o emperor_n lose_v the_o power_n of_o investiture_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v show_v more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o all_o proclamation_n patent_n decree_n etc._n etc._n the_o title_n of_o their_o present_a emperor_n run_v as_o follow_v leopold_n i._o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n emperor_n kayser_n of_o the_o roman_n always_o augustus_n mehrer_n des_fw-fr reichs_n etc._n etc._n king_n of_o germany_n hungary_n bohemia_n dalmatia_n croatia_n slavonia_n bulgaria_n bosnia_n servia_n and_o rescia_n archduke_n of_o austria_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n brabant_n styria_n carinthia_n carniola_n luxemburg_n wittenberg_n together_o with_o the_o high_a and_o low_a silesia_n marquis_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n burgaw_n moravia_n with_o the_o high_a and_o far_o lusace_n earl_n of_o habsburg_n tyrole_n ferrete_n kiburg_n goritia_n etc._n etc._n landtgrave_n of_o alsace_n lord_n of_o windischamrck_n portnaw_n and_o salin_n for_o what_o more_o peculiar_o relate_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o archduke_n of_o austria_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o description_n of_o that_o country_n where_o he_o may_v also_o expect_v a_o account_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n court_n retinue_n servant_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n next_o to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o be_v the_o eight_o elector_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n trier_n colen_n who_o be_v also_o arch-chancellor_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o first_o in_o germany_n the_o second_o in_o france_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n and_o the_o three_o in_o italy_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n cupbearer_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n great_a steward_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n grand_a marshal_n or_o constable_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n great_a chamberlain_n and_o lasty_a the_o prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n chief_a treasurer_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o eight_o for_o so_o many_o they_o have_v be_v since_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n though_o heretofore_o only_o seven_o have_v right_o and_o authority_n to_o elect_a the_o emperor_n and_o also_o to_o depose_v he_o when_o by_o his_o enormous_a crime_n or_o unmanly_a idleness_n he_o neglect_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o place_n thus_o they_o serve_v wenceslaus_n though_o advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o four_o who_o have_v deserve_v far_o better_a thing_n at_o their_o hand_n for_o compose_v the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o more_o hereaster_n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n have_v several_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o remind_v such_o emperor_n as_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o his_o humour_n of_o this_o grand_a power_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o to_o threaten_v they_o with_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o alter_v their_o course_n at_o what_o time_n the_o power_n of_o choose_v the_o emperor_n be_v first_o commit_v to_o those_o prince_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o elector_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o charles_n the_o great_a transmit_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n to_o his_o posterity_n by_o way_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o same_o right_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n in_o his_o family_n until_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o this_o incomparable_a emperor_n be_v think_v unfit_a to_o govern._n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v offer_v to_o otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n give_v to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n after_o his_o death_n henry_n duke_n otho_n son_n be_v elect_v emperor_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v succeed_v afterward_o by_o his_o son_n otho_n i._n who_o obtain_v the_o crown_n by_o the_o same_o mean_n this_o way_n of_o succession_n from_o father_n to_o son_n be_v observe_v till_o henry_n iu._n who_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o he_o be_v a_o child_n and_o manage_v it_o very_o ill_a when_o he_o be_v of_o year_n to_o have_v govern_v better_a be_v contemn_v and_o slight_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o take_v this_o opportunity_n of_o magnify_v his_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n excommunicate_v he_o and_o declare_v he_o unfit_a to_o sway_v the_o imperial_a sceptre_n order_v he_o to_o be_v depose_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n before_o that_o time_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o empire_n whereupon_o the_o rebel_n prince_n think_v themselves_o absolve_v from_o their_o allegiance_n elect_v rudolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n into_o the_o emperor_n henry_n place_n and_o make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n shall_v be_v therein_o abolish_v and_o the_o power_n of_o choose_v emperor_n commit_v to_o the_o people_n what_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n follow_v upon_o this_o decree_n the_o german_a history_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o less_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o rabble_n of_o elector_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o late_a gain_v right_a and_o privilege_n of_o choose_v emperor_n the_o whole_a power_n be_v usurp_v by_o a_o few_o of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o the_o imperial_a court_n from_o the_o year_n 1250_o till_o 1500_o it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n of_o all_o historian_n that_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o and_o pope_n gregory_n v._o reduce_v the_o number_n of_o elector_n to_o seven_o only_o in_o this_o the_o author_n of_o those_o time_n can_v agree_v whether_o the_o emperor_n or_o pope_n have_v the_o great_a authority_n in_o settle_v the_o affair_n but_o this_o opinion_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v strong_o oppose_v by_o most_o learned_a writer_n and_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o more_o than_o seven_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o emperor_n until_o the_o time_n of_o frideric_n ii_o for_o otho_n frisingensis_n assure_v we_o that_o henry_n ii_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o after_o his_o death_n conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v advance_v into_o his_o place_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o same_o elector_n henry_n iii_o conrad_n son_n be_v likewise_o elect_v though_o we_o be_v not_o tell_v by_o who_o the_o abbot_n of_o vrsperg_n tell_v we_o that_o henry_n iv_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n that_o henry_n v._o be_v choose_v by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o lotharius_n ii_o be_v make_v emperor_n by_o two_o archbishop_n eight_o bishop_n with_o several_a abbot_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o imperial_a court_n that_o conrade_n iii_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o throne_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n not_o be_v call_v to_o the_o election_n and_o the_o see_v of_o mentz_n be_v then_o vacant_a that_o frideric_n barbarossa_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n that_o philip_n be_v elect_v emperor_n by_o the_o suevian_o bavarian_o and_o saxon_n that_o otho_n iv_o have_v the_o sceptre_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o colen_n strasburg_n and_o some_o other_o imperial_a city_n this_o otho_n be_v afterward_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o frideric_n king_n of_o sicily_n elect_v into_o his_o room_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bohemia_n the_o landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n hitherto_o we_o see_v the_o emperor_n be_v not_o choose_v by_o any_o set_a number_n of_o elector_n though_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o those_o prince_n who_o have_v now_o get_v the_o sole_a power_n into_o their_o hand_n have_v even_o in_o those_o time_n the_o great_a share_n of_o authority_n in_o all_o election_n as_o be_v the_o most_o potent_a member_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n ii_o no_o man_n for_o many_o year_n take_v care_n of_o the_o supreme_a government_n in_o this_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n seven_o of_o the_o chief_a prince_n by_o take_v upon_o they_o as_o be_v probable_a the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o electoral_a dignity_n which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o aurea_n bulla_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o number_n of_o elector_n be_v reduce_v to_o seven_n be_v this_o because_o that_o if_o in_o any_o election_n six_o of_o the_o voice_n chance_v to_o be_v equal_o divide_v the_o seven_o elector_n may_v cast_v the_o balance_n to_o that_o side_n where_o
he_o can_v rational_o suppose_v there_o be_v the_o most_o merit_n and_o it_o be_v prudent_o order_v that_o three_o of_o the_o elector_n shall_v be_v churchman_n that_o they_o have_v no_o prospect_n of_o be_v themselves_o elect_v into_o the_o imperial_a throne_n may_v curb_v the_o ambition_n of_o any_o secular_a elector_n who_o without_o desert_n shall_v pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n among_o the_o many_o act_n of_o absolute_a sovereignty_n whereby_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o disoblige_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o transfer_v the_o electoral_a dignity_n from_o frideric_n v._o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n to_o maximilian_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v the_o highly_o resent_v and_o at_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n the_o ambassador_n find_v it_o no_o small_a difficulty_n to_o reconcile_v the_o difference_n which_o hereby_o be_v occasion_v between_o the_o two_o prince_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n utter_o refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o the_o peace_n except_o he_o may_v be_v suffer_v quiet_o to_o enjoy_v the_o electorate_v which_o he_o fancy_v his_o desert_n may_v just_o challenge_v and_o the_o emperor_n as_o lawful_o confer_v on_o he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o prince_n palatine_n as_o obstinate_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o the_o dignity_n take_v from_o he_o allege_v the_o just_a title_n his_o ancestor_n always_o have_v to_o this_o honour_n both_o their_o pretension_n be_v think_v plausible_a and_o both_o of_o they_o meet_v with_o resolute_a assertor_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o last_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n shall_v have_v a_o electorship_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n and_o a_o eight_o shall_v be_v new_o erect_v for_o charles_n ludowic_n prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n provide_v that_o if_o the_o wilhelmine_a branch_n happen_v to_o fail_v before_o the_o rodolphine_n the_o prince_n palatine_n shall_v re-enter_v upon_o their_o ancient_n electorate_v and_o the_o title_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n to_o any_o such_o dignity_n be_v whole_o abolish_v the_o right_n of_o elect_v be_v not_o confer_v on_o the_o person_n of_o any_o of_o the_o elector_n but_o annex_v to_o their_o electoral_a principality_n and_o estate_n insomuch_o that_o if_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n can_v make_v out_o his_o title_n to_o that_o kingdom_n the_o prince_n palatine_n to_o the_o palatinate_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o his_o dukedom_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o his_o marquisate_n they_o may_v all_o just_o lie_v claim_v to_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o elector_n so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o male_a issue_n in_o any_o of_o the_o electoral_a family_n the_o power_n of_o give_v a_o voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o emperor_n can_v be_v take_v away_o from_o that_o house_n the_o electoral_a dignity_n be_v so_o great_a that_o some_o have_v think_v it_o equal_a to_o regal_a authority_n and_o in_o this_o indeed_o the_o elector_n excel_v king_n in_o that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o create_v emperor_n which_o no_o other_o potentate_n in_o christendom_n can_v pretend_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n except_o when_o in_o a_o diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o emperor_n use_v to_o give_v place_n to_o several_a of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v hot_a dispute_n heretofore_o between_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o rodolph_n ii_o king_n of_o hungary_n about_o precedency_n but_o certain_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n that_o any_o elector_n except_v the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n shall_v pretend_v to_o stand_v upon_o equal_a term_n with_o a_o monarch_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o france_n demand_v and_o obtain_v precedence_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n at_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o elector_n of_o bohemia_n be_v only_o a_o duke_n he_o have_v the_o low_a place_n in_o every_o election_n but_o have_v once_o obtain_v the_o title_n of_o king_n he_o take_v place_n of_o all_o his_o colleague_n because_o it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a that_o a_o royal_a person_n crown_v and_o anoint_v shall_v give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o bare_o elector_n the_o order_n of_o precedency_n which_o the_o electoral_a prince_n observe_v among_o themselves_o be_v as_o follow_v 1._o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n arch-chancellor_n of_o germany_n take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o imperial_a throne_n be_v vacant_a it_o be_v his_o office_n to_o warn_v his_o colleague_n to_o repair_v either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o deputy_n within_o three_o month_n after_o the_o date_n of_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o mein_fw-ge in_fw-ge order_n to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a emperor_n 2._o the_o archbishop_n of_o trier_n arch-chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o arles_n where_o by_o france_n we_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v all_o the_o territory_n subject_a at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o french_a king_n but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v former_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n and_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o german_n in_o the_o eleven_o century_n he_o have_v the_o first_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n 3._o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n arch-chancellor_n of_o italy_n that_o be_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o lombard_n and_o the_o small_a remain_v of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n he_o have_v the_o second_o vote_n and_o usual_o put_v the_o first_o or_o german_n crown_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o new_a choose_a emperor_n 4._o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o who_o the_o sachsenspiegel_n or_o body_n of_o the_o old_a saxon_a law_n deny_v a_o vote_n in_o any_o election_n though_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n say_v express_o he_o have_v the_o three_o vote_n in_o the_o diet._n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v alter_v in_o charles_n the_o four_o time_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thirteen_o century_n when_o the_o sachsenspiegel_n be_v first_o publish_v 5._o the_o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o have_v the_o four_o vote_n at_o election_n it_o be_v his_o peculiar_a prerogative_n to_o sit_v judge_n at_o the_o imperial_a court_n when_o any_o suit_n be_v commence_v against_o the_o emperor_n 6._o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n arch-marshal_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v sword-bearer_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o have_v the_o five_o voice_n at_o a_o election_n 7._o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n lord_n chamberlain_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o in_o any_o solemn_a procession_n bear_v the_o sceptre_n before_o the_o emperor_n and_o have_v the_o six_o vote_n at_o his_o election_n note_v this_o account_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o elector_n before_o the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o prince_n palatine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n upon_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n suspension_n of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o year_n 1623._o though_o the_o case_n be_v now_o alter_v upon_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n right_o confirm_v to_o he_o by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n beforementioned_a yet_o since_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n pretend_v to_o no_o other_o title_n then_o what_o ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n palatine_n and_o the_o dignity_n may_v possible_o return_v again_o to_o that_o house_n these_o rule_n of_o precedency_n may_v still_o hold_v good_a notwithstanding_o the_o account_n already_o give_v of_o the_o order_n and_o rank_n of_o the_o elector_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o prince_n palatine_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o preeminence_n before_o any_o other_o for_o these_o two_o the_o former_a in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n govern_v by_o the_o saxon_a law_n the_o latter_a in_o schwaben_n and_o all_o place_n where_o the_o francic_a law_n be_v observe_v rule_v the_o empire_n in_o time_n of_o a_o interregnum_fw-la many_o late_a writer_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v be_v zealous_a in_o attribute_v this_o prerogative_n to_o the_o pope_n who_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o emperor_n vicar_n as_o well_o as_o christ_n but_o this_o assertion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o we_o can_v hear_v of_o any_o record_n of_o antiquity_n which_o will_v testify_v for_o they_o that_o ever_o any_o such_o power_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o say_v elector_n have_v power_n during_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n to_o determine_v all_o manner_n of_o lawsuit_n to_o gather_v the_o revenue_n and_o income_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o tender_a and_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n only_o they_o may_v not_o dispose_v of_o the_o land_n of_o any_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n that_o have_v their_o land_n confirm_v to_o
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o branch_n 3._o count_n of_o the_o empire_n 4._o marck-grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o frontier_n 5._o landtgrave_n or_o count_n of_o province_n 6._o burggrave_n or_o count_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o seven_o sort_n here-graven_a who_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o primitive_a duke_n or_o hertzogen_a for_o as_o the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v to_o conduct_v and_o govern_v the_o soldier_n so_o the_o other_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o field-judge_n the_o gefurstete_n graven_n do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o such_o count_n as_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a title_n may_v challenge_v that_o of_o first_fw-ge or_o prince_n in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o meet_v with_o almost_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o inferior_a officer_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o graven_n bestow_v on_o they_o such_o be_v 1._o centgrave_a he_o that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o hundred_o we_o may_v english_a the_o word_n high-constable_n 2._o holtz-grave_a or_o wald-grave_a overseer_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n 3._o gograf_n of_o which_o before_o 4._o spiel-grave_a the_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n 5._o hans-grave_a a_o title_n former_o give_v to_o the_o chief_a judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o trade_n debate_v in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o weary_v the_o reader_n with_o insist_v upon_o these_o obsolete_a title_n of_o honour_n content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o six_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v all_o our_o famous_a antiquary_n beforemention_v have_v think_v worthy_a his_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o be_v style_v bare_o count_n schlechtgraven_v schlechtgraven_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o more_o than_o the_o place_n which_o give_v they_o that_o title_n as_o der_n graf_n von_fw-mi eissenburg_n der_n graf_n von_fw-mi ortenberg_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
superad_v to_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_n to_o denote_v the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o four_o who_o bear_v this_o name_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o baron_n paurmeister_n give_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o case_n propose_v in_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la baronum_fw-la genera_fw-la nulla_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitror_fw-la &_o quocunque_fw-la nomine_fw-la semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n vel_fw-la singulariter_fw-la freyen_fw-mi herrn_n edle_o well_fw-mi die_v edle_n appellantur_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la omnes_fw-la enim_fw-la generali_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la herrn_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la habet_fw-la decretorum_fw-la comitiorum_fw-la subscriptio_fw-la von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o be_v any_o different_a kind_n of_o baron_n but_o that_o whatever_o title_n they_o may_v have_v whether_o semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n freyen_fw-mi herrn_v or_o edle_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o of_o equal_a nobility_n and_o dignity_n since_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o general_a title_n of_o herrn_n as_o we_o find_v the_o decree_n ancient_o pass_v in_o the_o diet_n subscribe_v von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n by_o assent_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o as_o herrn_n be_v a_o common_a name_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o german_a baron_n so_o be_v herrschaft_n a_o general_a name_n for_o a_o barony_n which_o two_o word_n the_o high_a dutch_a use_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v lord_n and_o lordship_n we_o see_v then_o what_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_a signify_v â—â—â—on_n â—â—â—on_n and_o in_o the_o modern_a writing_n of_o the_o german_n we_o seldom_o or_o never_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n baron_fw-fr though_o this_o be_v as_o ordinary_a in_o spain_n italy_n france_n and_o england_n as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o germany_n however_o schottelius_fw-la who_o make_v as_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o record_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o any_o man_n whatever_o assure_v we_o that_o bar_n or_o baar_n in_o old_a teutonic_n manuscript_n signify_v a_o baron_n and_o be_v common_o there_o use_v instead_o of_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n freyherr_a and_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v as_o just_a ground_n for_o derive_v baro_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a as_o either_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a for_o the_o latin_a word_n virro_n signify_v a_o man_n separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o vulgar_a by_o his_o virtue_n whence_o the_o generality_n of_o critic_n derive_v baro_n have_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v borrow_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a in_o who_o ancient_a law_n baro_n or_o barus_n and_o foemina_fw-la do_v usual_o occur_v for_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o man_n Æ¿er_n or_o Æ¿ar_v which_o the_o old_a frank_n turn_v into_o berinthia_n and_o afterward_o paro_n in_o junius_n edition_n of_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n the_o gothic_a word_n wair_n be_v use_v for_o man_n and_z waire_z in_o the_o plural_a for_o man_n sometime_o instead_o of_o baron_n the_o german_n use_v the_o title_n of_o bannerherr_a â—â—nner-herr_a â—â—nner-herr_a or_o panner-herr_a which_o may_v be_v render_v dominus_fw-la vexillifer_fw-la and_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o banneret_n i_o can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n bannerherr_a though_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o german_a writer_n be_v ever_o make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v any_o high_a dutch_a title_n of_o honour_n but_o only_o to_o express_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o other_o nation_n what_o a_o chivalier_n banneret_n or_o knight_n banneret_n which_o the_o german_n usual_o render_v bannerherr_a do_v signify_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o account_n which_o the_o author_n of_o la_fw-fr division_n du_fw-fr mond_fw-fr give_v of_o it_o pour_v fair_a say_v he_o un_fw-fr chevalier_n banneret_n cest_fw-fr quant_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_o longement_n suyvy_fw-fr les_fw-fr guerre_v et_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_fw-fr assez_fw-fr terres_fw-la et_fw-fr revenue_n tant_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr peult_n tenir_fw-fr et_fw-fr soudoyer_fw-fr cinquant_n gentiles_n home_n pour_fw-fr accompagnier_fw-fr sa_fw-fr banniere_n lord_fw-mi il_fw-fr peult_n licitement_n lever_n ladit_fw-la banniere_n et_fw-fr non_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr car_fw-fr nul_fw-fr autre_fw-fr home_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr porter_n banniere_n en_fw-fr battaile_n sil_fw-fr n'a_fw-fr cinquant_a home_n prestz_fw-fr pour_fw-fr battailler_n which_o story_n of_o maintain_v fifty_o man_n under_o he_o to_o accompany_v his_o banner_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a print_a copy_n of_o gesta_fw-la romanorum_fw-la in_o french_a notwithstanding_o the_o assertion_n of_o some_o late_a author_n that_o a_o banneret_n need_v have_v no_o more_o than_o twenty-five_o some_o say_v ten_o man_n under_o he_o the_o german_n call_v a_o knight_n ritter_n â—â—tter_n â—â—tter_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o latin_n style_v he_o eques_fw-la because_o this_o title_n be_v former_o never_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n that_o have_v not_o perform_v some_o gallant_a exploit_n in_o the_o field_n and_o who_o be_v dub_v knight_n by_o be_v accouter_v with_o a_o sword_n and_o pair_n of_o spur_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a english_a poet_n dan._n lydgate_n give_v we_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o the_o title_n of_o ritter_n in_o these_o word_n eques_fw-la ab_fw-la equo_fw-la be_v say_v of_o very_a right_n and_o chevalier_n be_v say_v of_o chivalry_n in_o which_o a_o rider_n call_v be_v a_o knight_n arragoner_n do_v also_o specify_v caballiero_n through_o all_o that_o party_n be_v name_n of_o worship_n and_o so_o take_v his_o '_o ginning_n of_o spur_n of_o gold_n and_o chief_o ride_v the_o first_o original_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n with_o a_o sword_n come_v probable_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n of_o gird_v their_o young_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arms._n nihil_fw-la say_v tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n neque_fw-la publicae_fw-la neque_fw-la privatae_fw-la rei_fw-la nisi_fw-la armati_fw-la agunt_fw-la sed_fw-la arma_fw-la sumere_fw-la non_fw-la ante_fw-la cviquam_fw-la moris_fw-la quam_fw-la civitas_n suffecturum_fw-la probaverit_fw-la tum_o in_o ipso_fw-la concilio_fw-la vel_fw-la principum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la vel_fw-la pater_fw-la vel_fw-la propinquus_n scuto_fw-la frameaque_fw-la juvenem_fw-la ornant_fw-la haec_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la toga_fw-la hic_fw-la primus_fw-la juventae_fw-la honos_fw-la ante_fw-la hoc_fw-la domus_fw-la pars_fw-la videntur_fw-la mox_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la beside_o this_o ceremony_n of_o give_v a_o lance_n or_o target_n to_o such_o as_o be_v admit_v member_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o adopt_v son_n per_fw-la arma_fw-la thus_o theodoric_n king_n of_o the_o eastern_a goth_n in_o italy_n adopt_v the_o king_n of_o the_o heruli_n by_o a_o charter_n still_o extant_a in_o cassiodorus_n northern_a history_n and_o hence_o justin_n the_o elder_a be_v about_o to_o adopt_v cosroes_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n son_n be_v advise_v by_o proclus_n his_o chancellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o procopius_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o adopt_v son_n by_o write_v but_o by_o arms._n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o several_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o germany_n as_o in_o most_o other_o european_a nation_n knighthood_n order_n of_o knighthood_n if_o we_o except_o those_o who_o have_v any_o honour_n and_o title_n of_o some_o particular_a order_n send_v they_o from_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n england_n and_o denmark_n for_o from_o these_o prince_n several_a duke_n count_n and_o other_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n receive_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n the_o garter_n and_o the_o elephant_n the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v something_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o prussia_n be_v first_o institute_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n although_o jacob_n de_fw-fr vitriaco_n polydore_n vergilius_n gretser_n and_o several_a other_o historian_n of_o good_a note_n make_v the_o order_n much_o more_o ancient_a after_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n these_o new_a knight_n who_o be_v most_o of_o they_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n and_o bremen_n fix_v themselves_o at_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v sometime_o style_v equites_fw-la mariani_n here_o they_o be_v settle_v under_o henry_n walpot_n von_fw-mi passenheim_n their_o first_o great_a master_n in_o the_o year_n 1190._o afterward_o when_o the_o christian_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o syria_n they_o remove_v to_o venice_n and_o thence_o to_o marpurg_n in_o hassia_n where_o as_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o germany_n their_o convent_n be_v endow_v with_o fair_a revenue_n whence_o some_o fancy_n they_o first_o get_v the_o name_n of_o equites_fw-la
and_o preeminence_n of_o the_o elector_n the_o order_n and_o decorum_n they_o ought_v to_o observe_v in_o all_o public_a assembly_n and_o solemnity_n the_o appoint_v of_o vicar_n in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o interregnum_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v judge_v fit_a to_o be_v seal_v with_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o upon_o gold_n to_o show_v that_o as_o that_o metal_n be_v the_o most_o excellent_a and_o incorruptible_a of_o all_o other_o so_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o that_o bull_n be_v indeed_o the_o principal_a law_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v always_o inviolable_o observe_v without_o the_o least_o alteration_n on_o one_o side_n of_o this_o golden_a seal_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o small_a cord_n of_o yellow_a and_o red_a silk_n be_v show_v the_o protraicture_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o seat_v upon_o his_o throne_n with_o his_o imperial_a crown_n on_o his_o head_n the_o sceptre_n in_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o ball_n in_o the_o other_o have_v on_o his_o right_a hand_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o those_o of_o bohemia_n on_o the_o left_a with_o this_o inscription_n write_v round_o he_o carolus_n quartus_fw-la divina_fw-la favente_fw-la clementia_fw-la romanorum_fw-la imperator_fw-la semper_fw-la augustus_n &_o bohemiae_n rex_fw-la on_o the_o other_o side_n you_o have_v a_o castle_n with_o two_o tower_n thus_o subscribe_v aurea_fw-la roma_fw-la and_o these_o word_n in_o the_o circumference_n roma_fw-la caput_fw-la mundi_fw-la regit_fw-la orbis_n fraena_fw-la retundi_fw-la some_o of_o the_o statute_n herein_o contain_v notwithstanding_o the_o pretend_a immutability_n have_v since_o the_o promulgation_n of_o they_o be_v violate_v and_o break_v for_o example_n 1._o the_o aurea_n bulla_n say_v positive_o that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v at_o francfurt_n and_o yet_o ferdinand_n i._o be_v elect_v at_o worm_n and_o ferdinand_n iii_o at_o ratisbon_n 2._o the_o bull_n order_n that_o the_o number_n of_o elector_n shall_v not_o exceed_v seven_o and_o yet_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n have_v alter_v this_o decree_n and_o give_v eight_o several_a prince_n voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o emperor_n 3._o it_o be_v order_v in_o the_o bull_n that_o all_o the_o elector_n shall_v be_v present_a at_o say_v of_o mass_n before_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n whereas_o since_o the_o reformation_n overspread_v so_o large_a a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n several_a protestant_a prince_n be_v exempt_v from_o their_o attendance_n at_o church_n until_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o mass_n be_v over_o ii_o the_o next_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o capitulatio_fw-la caesarea_n â—â—tulaâ—â—aesaâ—â—_n â—â—tulaâ—â—aesaâ—â—_n which_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o forty-one_a article_n of_o agreement_n between_o the_o elector_n and_o emperor_n elect_v to_o which_o the_o late_a be_v bind_v to_o subscribe_v after_o his_o have_v first_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v punctual_o every_o thing_n therein_o contain_v before_o his_o coronation_n when_o these_o be_v so_o often_o transcribe_v as_o that_o each_o elector_n may_v have_v one_o copy_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o emperor_n be_v own_o hand_n they_o be_v deliver_v to_o and_o keep_v by_o the_o eight_o several_a prince_n that_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n as_o surety_n for_o the_o new_a choose_a emperor_n good_a behaviour_n and_o faithful_a administration_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n before_o which_o ceremony_n be_v over_o the_o election_n be_v not_o hold_v valid_a and_o irrevocable_a the_o chief_a thing_n which_o the_o emperor_n promise_v upon_o oath_n and_o subscribe_v to_o in_o these_o article_n be_v to_o maintain_v and_o preserve_v all_o the_o privilege_n and_o royalty_n of_o the_o elector_n prince_n and_o other_o inferior_a estate_n of_o the_o empire_n that_o he_o will_v not_o act_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o decree_v contain_v in_o the_o golden_a bull_n but_o suffer_v the_o elector_n to_o assemble_v at_o what_o time_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a that_o he_o will_v not_o waste_v or_o diminish_v any_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n nor_o bring_v in_o any_o foreign_a force_n into_o the_o empire_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o other_o estate_n that_o no_o stranger_n shall_v be_v by_o he_o admit_v into_o any_o public_a office_n but_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o great_a place_n at_o court_n and_o in_o the_o field_n or_o country_n shall_v be_v supply_v by_o true_a german_n descend_v from_o some_o noble_a family_n in_o the_o emprie_n etc._n etc._n these_o and_o some_o other_o article_n of_o the_o like_a importance_n be_v by_o the_o new_a choose_a emperor_n subscribe_v and_o swear_v to_o the_o election_n be_v confirm_v and_o the_o emperor_n solemn_o crown_v and_o admit_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n iii_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n imperii_fw-la recessus_fw-la imperii_fw-la be_v such_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o we_o may_v proper_o enough_o call_v they_o as_o be_v establish_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n assemble_v in_o public_a diet_n these_o the_o german_n call_v abschiedte_n which_o be_v common_o render_v by_o latin_a author_n recessus_fw-la imperii_fw-la because_o they_o be_v enact_v at_o the_o break_n up_o or_o upon_o the_o retirement_n of_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n general_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o kind_n of_o statute_n be_v enact_v in_o the_o follow_a manner_n first_o the_o elector_n and_o other_o chief_a prince_n who_o have_v particular_a vote_n in_o the_o diet_n take_v the_o bill_n propose_v into_o consideration_n and_o after_o some_o consultation_n and_o debate_n put_v it_o to_o the_o vote_n if_o it_o be_v not_o reject_v by_o a_o majority_n the_o deputy_n from_o the_o several_a city_n be_v call_v in_o to_o who_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v communicate_v if_o these_o think_v they_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v which_o may_v reasonable_o be_v object_v against_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o elector_n they_o may_v be_v hear_v as_o counsellor_n but_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o alter_v or_o establish_v any_o decree_n whatever_o this_o do_v the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n and_o other_o prince_n propose_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o to_o the_o deputy_n if_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n approve_v of_o the_o sentence_n the_o bill_n be_v pass_v and_o become_v a_o statute_n but_o if_o he_o reject_v it_o the_o reason_n on_o both_o side_n be_v scan_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o prince_n till_o one_o party_n yield_v when_o they_o be_v agree_v upon_o the_o thing_n debate_v the_o act_n of_o that_o session_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o form_n of_o law_n and_o read_v to_o the_o whole_a diet._n afterward_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v sign_v by_o the_o emperor_n two_o spiritual_a and_o two_o temporal_a prince_n one_o abbot_n one_o count_n and_o the_o common_a council-man_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o diet_n be_v hold_v they_o be_v publish_v and_o become_v statute_n obligatory_a through_o the_o whole_a empire_n when_o they_o be_v thus_o enact_v two_o authentic_a copy_n be_v make_v whereof_o one_o remain_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o other_o of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n have_v only_o the_o privilege_n of_o transcribe_v the_o original_a copy_n iv_o to_o the_o three_o former_a may_v be_v add_v a_o four_o sort_n of_o decree_n in_o the_o empire_n pragmatica_fw-la sanctio_n pragmatica_fw-la call_v usual_o by_o the_o german_a writer_n sanctio_n pragmatica_fw-la de_fw-fr pace_n publica_fw-la which_o contain_v all_o the_o statute_n confirm_v by_o many_o of_o the_o emperor_n in_o several_a diet_n to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n against_o all_o disturber_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n herein_o it_o be_v decree_v that_o whatever_o prince_n or_o any_o other_o member_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v endeavour_v by_o open_a hostility_n to_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n he_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o other_o member_n and_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o outlaw_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o imagine_v that_o this_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n against_o any_o offender_n if_o the_o interpretation_n which_o some_o high_a dutch_a lawyer_n have_v put_v upon_o it_o be_v allowable_a for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o to_o qualify_v a_o man_n for_o the_o proscription_n herein_o mention_v it_o be_v necessary_a 1._o that_o the_o force_n he_o raise_v be_v atroces_n &_o majores_fw-la quam_fw-la quibus_fw-la resisti_fw-la queat_fw-la i.e._n such_o as_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v 2._o that_o his_o
the_o misery_n be_v which_o their_o own_o dissension_n bring_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o learn_v in_o what_o condition_n the_o empire_n be_v after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_v westphalian_a treaty_n first_o then_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o imperialist_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n five_o million_o of_o gold_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n one_o three_o part_n whereof_o be_v afterward_o lay_v out_o in_o pay_v off_o and_o disband_v some_o of_o the_o swedish_n force_n another_o be_v give_v away_o in_o reward_n to_o such_o officer_n as_o have_v show_v their_o gallantry_n in_o the_o war_n and_o the_o three_o be_v dispose_v of_o in_o liberality_n by_o the_o queen_n beside_o this_o money_n the_o empire_n quit_v and_o annex_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n all_o the_o hither_o pomeren_fw-mi with_o the_o island_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n the_o city_n of_o stetin_n gart_n dam_n holnau_n the_o isle_n of_o wollin_n the_o river_n oder_fw-ge and_o the_o part_n of_o frischehaff_n the_o collation_n of_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n challenge_v before_o the_o treaty_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o camin_n with_o the_o reversion_n of_o that_o bishopric_n nay_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o pomerania_n and_o the_o new_a marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o case_n the_o heir_n male_a of_o that_o family_n shall_v happen_v to_o fail_v add_v to_o these_o wismar_n a_o strong_a port-town_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o fortress_n of_o walfisch_n the_o bailiwic_n of_o poel_n and_o neucloster_n and_o last_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o werden_n both_o convert_v into_o dukedom_n together_o with_o the_o city_n and_o bailiwic_n of_o wilshausen_n so_o that_o by_o that_o treaty_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n get_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o bremen_n werden_n and_o pomeren_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o lord_n of_o wismar_n and_o in_o all_o these_o land_n and_o territory_n have_v supreme_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o erect_a university_n set_v impost_n upon_o all_o commodity_n either_o export_v or_o import_v and_o the_o like_a pay_v only_o to_o the_o emperor_n a_o small_a homage_n as_o be_v do_v by_o other_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n ii_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o successor_n for_o ever_o be_v give_v by_o the_o same_o treaty_n the_o city_n and_o bishopric_n of_o metz_n toul_n and_o verdun_n with_o moyenvic_n pignerol_n brisac_n the_o landtgravedom_n of_o alsatia_n the_o bailiwic_n of_o haguenau_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o philipsburg_n by_o this_o bargain_n the_o french_a be_v great_a gainer_n and_o the_o emperor_n lose_v not_o much_o the_o former_a beside_o the_o considerable_a enlargement_n of_o their_o territory_n cut_v off_o all_o possibility_n of_o the_o spaniard_n unite_n his_o italian_a force_n with_o those_o in_o the_o low_a country_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v as_o long_o as_o alsace_n and_o lorain_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n the_o late_a by_o give_v up_o his_o right_n in_o alsace_n make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hereditary_a to_o his_o house_n and_o therefore_o catch_v as_o much_o with_o one_o hand_n as_o he_o lose_v on_o the_o other_o what_o the_o acquisition_n or_o loss_n of_o particular_a prince_n be_v we_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o show_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o several_a principality_n which_o they_o now_o possess_v we_o see_v into_o what_o condition_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n be_v bring_v by_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o empire_n estate_n present_a estate_n how_o much_o of_o his_o dominion_n be_v snatch_v away_o by_o the_o swede_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o french_a on_o the_o other_o this_o be_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o german_a affair_n till_o the_o late_a war_n with_o france_n and_o sweden_n alter_v the_o scene_n for_o the_o french_a enlarge_v their_o conquest_n in_o the_o german_a territory_n and_o the_o swede_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dominion_n which_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n have_v make_v they_o master_n of_o and_o more_o they_o have_v part_v with_o if_o the_o overgrow_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a king_n have_v not_o force_v the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o resign_v a_o great_a many_o place_n which_o he_o have_v brave_o win_v how_o matter_n will_v at_o last_o be_v adjust_v between_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v since_o the_o french_a king_n lay_v claim_v daily_o to_o some_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n in_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n however_o strasburg_n be_v still_o reckon_v the_o imperial_a bulwark_n against_o the_o french_a fury_n as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v esteem_v notwithstanding_o the_o pretension_n of_o their_o king_n to_o several_a right_n of_o this_o city_n and_o as_o the_o empire_n seem_v secure_v from_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o strasburgh_n so_o it_o be_v from_o all_o invasion_n of_o the_o turk_n by_o vienna_n of_o the_o polander_n by_o wratislaw_n of_o the_o dane_n by_o hamburgh_n and_o lubeck_n and_o of_o the_o hollander_n by_o colln_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a fear_n of_o be_v injure_v by_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n if_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n will_v unanimous_o join_v hand_n in_o defend_v the_o strong_a hold_n and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o that_o empire_n whereof_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v member_n but_o as_o long_o as_o each_o petty_a prince_n be_v only_o solicitous_a about_o the_o enlargement_n of_o his_o own_o small_a demesne_n and_o the_o strong_a permit_v to_o annex_v as_o much_o of_o their_o neighbour_n territory_n to_o their_o own_o as_o they_o can_v lay_v their_o hand_n on_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v destroy_v by_o its_o own_o member_n the_o elector_n indeed_o and_o all_o the_o other_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n but_o all_o the_o while_n exercise_n as_o absolute_a a_o monarchical_a dominion_n in_o their_o several_a principality_n as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o do_v in_o austria_n or_o bohemia_n so_o that_o germany_n be_v not_o real_o a_o nation_n subject_n to_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n but_o a_o combination_n of_o several_a little_a commonwealth_n and_o kingdom_n who_o general_a inteterest_n consist_v in_o maintain_v a_o inviolable_a confefederacy_n among_o themselves_o and_o a_o unanimous_a desire_n to_o secure_v rather_o than_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n in_o a_o word_n the_o foreign_a interest_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o incomparable_a sir_n william_n temple_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o western_a circle_n against_o the_o growth_n of_o france_n the_o domestic_a be_v the_o limit_a constitution_n of_o the_o imperial_a power_n and_o the_o balance_n of_o the_o several_a free_a prince_n and_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o hans-town_n before_o we_o come_v to_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o other_o great_a city_n on_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o premise_v something_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o general_a that_o the_o reader_n may_v the_o better_o understand_v what_o we_o mean_v by_o that_o word_n when_o he_o shall_v meet_v with_o it_o in_o the_o follow_a sheet_n by_o hans-town_n then_o the_o german_a writer_n understand_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o great_a city_n all_o along_o the_o seashore_n from_o the_o finnic_a bay_n down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o several_a age_n ago_o enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a confederacy_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o territory_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n in_o what_o year_n this_o league_n be_v make_v confederate_a when_o foâ—â—_n confederate_a be_v not_o certain_o know_v and_o chytreus_n who_o be_v as_o diligent_a and_o curious_a in_o inquire_v after_o these_o kind_n of_o antiquity_n as_o any_o historian_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n tell_v we_o that_o very_o few_o of_o the_o old_a record_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o of_o the_o hans-town_n can_v give_v he_o the_o least_o hint_n of_o the_o year_n when_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o that_o number_n however_o he_o guess_v the_o society_n be_v first_o institute_v a_o little_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o about_o the_o year_n 1200._o and_o the_o noble_a historian_n thuanus_n embrace_v his_o opinion_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o most_o other_o particular_n of_o the_o german_a history_n which_o he_o meddle_v with_o john_n angelius_n werdenhagen_n a_o impertinent_a author_n who_o have_v scribble_v four_a
large_a tomes_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la publ_n anseaticis_fw-la give_v no_o positive_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o confederacy_n but_o seem_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n surname_v the_o lion_n henry_n suderman_n who_o be_v sometime_o counsellor_n to_o the_o hans-town_n fetch_v its_o institution_n far_o further_o than_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n or_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o which_o be_v the_o time_n usual_o pitch_v upon_o by_o other_o historian_n with_o how_o little_a probability_n these_o opinion_n be_v back_v be_v easy_a to_o observe_v though_o perhaps_o after_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquiry_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o guess_v right_n ourselves_o for_o lubeck_n have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o hans-town_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n their_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v keep_v there_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o enter_v into_o that_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o lubeck_n be_v only_o build_v towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v that_o this_o town_n and_o hamburg_n will_v enter_v into_o any_o such_o league_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o then_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o denmark_n which_o they_o do_v not_o shake_v off_o before_o the_o year_n 1226._o beside_o if_o lubeck_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o succour_n send_v she_o when_o she_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o waldemar_n and_o his_o two_o son_n eric_n abel_n and_o christopher_n king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v end_v about_o the_o year_n 1259_o and_o yet_o no_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n mention_n any_o such_o thing_n we_o may_v therefore_o probable_o enough_o conclude_v that_o the_o say_v city_n enter_v not_o into_o any_o confederacy_n till_o after_o the_o sixti_v year_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n at_o which_o time_n peace_n be_v first_o conclude_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o trade_n begin_v to_o be_v improve_v in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n what_o angelius_n report_v of_o his_o have_v see_v some_o charter_n and_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o unite_a hans-town_n which_o be_v date_v in_o the_o year_n 1194_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v credit_v as_o the_o story_n which_o other_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n relate_v of_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o grant_v of_o large_a privilege_n to_o the_o same_o city_n in_o the_o 1206_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v not_o advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n before_o the_o year_n 1216_o and_o be_v then_o only_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n polydor_z virgil_n to_o who_o we_o know_v what_o credit_n to_o give_v in_o those_o particular_n especial_o wherein_o he_o dissent_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n witness_v indeed_o for_o these_o man_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v grant_v some_o such_o kind_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o hans-town_n as_o they_o mention_v but_o the_o same_o author_n will_v tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n reign_v till_o the_o year_n 1273._o and_o angelius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o ransack_v old_a norwegian_a paper_n for_o testimony_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o society_n can_v produce_v nothing_o of_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o he_o phrase_n it_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 1278._o afterward_o when_o he_o come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a compendium_n of_o their_o law_n which_o he_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o domannus_n the_o old_a among_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v date_n beyond_o the_o year_n 1312._o so_o that_o possible_o this_o company_n be_v no_o proper_a body_n politic_a before_o that_o time_n but_o the_o german_a historian_n differ_v as_o much_o in_o assign_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n hans_n â—â—ne_n â—â—ne_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o confederate_a city_n shall_v call_v themselves_o by_o that_o name_n as_o they_o do_v in_o pitch_v upon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o their_o confederacy_n we_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a catalogue_n of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v any_o of_o they_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n first_o then_o some_o derive_v the_o word_n hanse_fw-mi or_o anse_v for_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o meet_v with_o urbes_fw-la anseaticae_n and_o ansaticae_n as_o well_o as_o hansaticae_n from_o the_o dutch_a be_fw-mi zee_fw-mi or_o be_fw-mi see_v signify_v near_o unto_o or_o upon_o the_o seashore_n because_o say_v they_o the_o hans-town_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o company_n of_o city_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o seashore_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n mere_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n by_o navigation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n of_o their_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n and_o not_o the_o secure_n of_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o some_o city_n upon_o the_o rhine_n propose_v to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o like_a confederacy_n they_o prove_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o chytraeus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o be_v author_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o authority_n 2._o other_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o hansa_n which_o in_o the_o old_a high_a dutch_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a council_n thence_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mat._n xxvi_o 4._o which_o our_o english_a interpreter_n have_v render_v they_o consult_v be_v in_o some_o ancient_a dutch_a version_n translate_v sie_n haben_fw-ge ein_fw-ge hansa_n gemacht_fw-ge 3._o wehner_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o old_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o these_o city_n instead_o of_o hanse-stadte_a as_o the_o german_n nowadays_o usual_o write_v the_o word_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o hayn-stadte_a which_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a dialect_n a_o city_n situate_a in_o a_o wood_n such_o as_o be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o saxony_n and_o not_o as_o some_o explain_v it_o a_o town_n in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n or_o plain_a field_n 4._o the_o four_o opinion_n and_o last_v that_o look_v like_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n be_v that_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hans-town_n from_o that_o preeminence_n and_o precedency_n which_o they_o just_o challenge_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o german_a city_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o great_a lord_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v sometime_o style_v gross_a hansen_n gewaltige_n hansen_n etc._n etc._n and_o hence_o several_a old_a german_a proper_a name_n fetch_v their_o original_n as_o anselmus_fw-la hanshelm_n a_o man_n famous_a for_o his_o helmet_n ansbrechtus_n hanswert_v one_o that_o deserve_v to_o be_v make_v a_o lord_n ansfridus_n hansfried_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o peaceable_a temper_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o hans_n use_v at_o this_o day_n all_o germany_n over_o be_v not_o as_o many_o think_v a_o contraction_n of_o johannes_n but_o a_o part_n of_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a but_o at_o present_a hans_n be_v not_o so_o honourable_a a_o title_n as_o former_o for_o the_o german_n call_v a_o impertinent_a meddle_v fellow_n such_o as_o the_o old_a latin_n will_v have_v name_v ardelio_n and_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hans_n in_o allen_a gassen_a and_o hans_n unmuht_v hans_fw-ge filtzmaul_fw-mi hans_n sparmund_v praal_n hans_n baver-hans_n and_o the_o like_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o nickname_n of_o the_o high_a ignominy_n and_o disgrace_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a a_o critical_a etymologist_n while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o word_n hans_n among_o other_o of_o its_o signification_n do_v not_o denote_v something_o relate_v to_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n since_o to_o this_o day_n he_o that_o determine_v as_o judge_n all_o controversy_n among_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n of_o ratisbon_n be_v call_v hans-graff_n the_o hans-town_n of_o germany_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o circle_n number_n number_n distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o four_o principal_a city_n among_o they_o viz._n lubeck_n colln_v brunswic_n and_o dantzig_n to_o the_o circle_n of_o lubeck_n belong_v the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n rostock_n wismar_n stralsund_n lunenburg_n stetin_n anclam_n golnau_n gripswald_n colberg_n stargard_n stolpe_n etc._n etc._n to_o that_o of_o colln_v wesel_n duissburg_n emmerick_n warburg_n vnna_n hammen_n munster_n minden_n osnabrug_n dortmund_n sost_n herford_n paderborn_n limgow_n billefeld_n warberg_n lippstadt_n cossfeld_n nimwegen_n sutphen_n rurnmund_n arnheim_n venloh_n elburg_n harderwic_n thiela_n bommel_n deventer_n campen_n swol_n groningen_n bolsswerder_n gorcum_n hinlopen_fw-la staveren_fw-mi embden_n briel_n wieringen_n middelburg_n and_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n to_o
for_o some_o time_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o border_v on_o the_o euxin_n sea_n at_o last_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n into_o germany_n and_o give_v the_o name_n of_o sacasena_n afterward_o turn_v into_o saxonia_n to_o the_o country_n that_o here_o by_o their_o conquest_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o strabo_n indeed_o say_v and_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o that_o the_o sacae_n do_v leave_v their_o ancient_a scythian_a seat_n and_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v well_o that_o ptolemy_n place_n his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d near_o that_o part_n of_o scythia_n whence_o these_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v sally_v out_o but_o that_o they_o ever_o pass_v the_o hercynean_a wood_n be_v one_o of_o goropius_n forgery_n and_o a_o story_n not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o strabo_n or_o any_o other_o author_n of_o credit_n i_o wonder_v most_o that_o mr._n cambden_n who_o be_v so_o great_a a_o master_n of_o our_o old_a english-saxon_a 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there_o be_v a_o
that_o come_v over_o into_o britain_n be_v send_v from_o hence_o and_o they_o tell_v we_o far_o that_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o good_a success_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o our_o island_n some_o of_o they_o return_v hang_v up_o a_o gild_a ship_n of_o tin_n in_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o before_o the_o fire_n above_o mention_v iv_o zell_n zell_n zell_n this_o city_n famous_a for_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n on_o a_o sandy_a level_n at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o small_a river_n the_o aller_n and_o fuhse_n about_o ten_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o luneburg_n six_o from_o brunswic_n ten_o from_o bremen_n and_o thirteen_o from_o hamburg_n the_o word_n zell_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o high_a dutch_a kellar_n or_o our_o english_a word_n cellar_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n the_o town_n shall_v have_v this_o name_n give_v it_o i_o can_v determine_v in_o a_o old_a parchment_n deed_n bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1236_o which_o to_o this_o day_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v whereby_o sigefride_n count_n of_o osterburg_n make_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n to_o otho_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n we_o read_v ministeriale_n suos_fw-la tselle_fw-fr usque_fw-la breman_n and_o another_o indenture_n make_v between_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n son_n date_v a._n d._n 1203_o and_o still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o same_o place_n mention_n this_o town_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a name_n high_a than_o these_o time_n its_o antiquity_n can_v be_v trace_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o city_n wall_a town_n or_o only_o a_o bare_a castle_n we_o know_v not_o the_o duke_n palace_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o building_n mote_v round_o and_o beautify_v with_o a_o great_a many_o pleasant_a garden_n orchard_n grotto_n etc._n etc._n be_v first_o build_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n and_o ann_n bear_v countess_n of_o nassaw_n his_o mother_n in_o the_o year_n 1485._o in_o this_o palace_n be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n v._o walstrode_n walstrode_n walstrode_n or_o walo's-cross_n at_o first_o only_o a_o monastery_n build_v by_o one_o walo_n a_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n in_o the_o year_n 986_o but_o afterward_o advance_v into_o a_o considerable_a town_n walo_n statue_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o church_n with_o this_o inscription_n on_o its_o pedestal_n illustris_fw-la princeps_fw-la walo_fw-la de_fw-fr anholt_n come_v in_o aschania_n &c_n &c_n dominus_fw-la in_o berneborch_n est_fw-la fundator_fw-la huius_fw-la monasterii_fw-la it_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a valley_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o mountain_n and_o wood_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n consist_v in_o honey_n wax_n wool_n and_o beer_n harborch_n winsen_n gifhorn_n notable_a for_o a_o strong_a palace_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n with_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o like_a value_n be_v only_o just_a considerable_a enough_o to_o merit_v a_o distinct_a character_n in_o the_o map_n from_o poor_a village_n but_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o so_o remarkable_a as_o to_o deserve_v a_o a_o particular_a description_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o barren_a country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v scarce_o any_o where_o so_o rich_a as_o that_o they_o need_v to_o wall_n in_o their_o town_n or_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o enemy_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o the_o county_n of_o diepholt_n hoye_n and_o schawenburg_n subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n the_o reader_n will_v find_v describe_v in_o the_o next_o volume_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o the_o little_a province_n which_o be_v usual_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o westphalia_n meklenburg_n ducatus_n auctore_fw-la joanne_n laurenbergio_n sumptiê°_n janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephan_n swart_a the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n although_o at_o this_o day_n geographer_n can_v hardly_o meet_v with_o any_o such_o place_n as_o mecklenburg_n from_o whence_o this_o dukedom_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n yet_o the_o german_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o small_a village_n not_o far_o from_o wismar_n which_o still_o bear_v that_o name_n be_v ancient_o a_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n and_o some_o of_o their_o antiquary_n pretend_v to_o be_v able_a to_o show_v we_o be_v rudera_fw-la near_o this_o place_n for_o some_o mile_n in_o compass_n j._n peter_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o village_n be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_a city_n which_o say_v he_o be_v build_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n by_o anthyrius_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o the_o heruli_n or_o mecklenburger_n but_o we_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v to_o such_o romantic_a chronologer_n as_o this_o who_o impertinent_o pretend_v to_o trace_v the_o annal_n of_o his_o country_n through_o those_o dark_a day_n of_o ignorance_n wherein_o he_o must_v necessary_o lose_v himself_o and_o truth_n cluverius_n and_o bertius_n be_v exceed_o displease_v with_o that_o universal_a humour_n of_o latin_a who_o mention_v this_o country_n of_o render_v mecklenburg_n by_o megalopolis_n or_o megapolis_n and_o the_o mecklenburger_n by_o megapolitani_n such_o etymologist_n as_o these_o say_v cluver_n be_v but_o novice_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n for_o the_o word_n mecklenburg_n be_v not_o as_o they_o imagine_v derive_v from_o the_o old_a saxon_a word_n micle_n or_o mickel_n ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o our_o ancient_a english-saxon_a monument_n and_o still_o use_v in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n but_o from_o the_o dutch_a verb_n mecklen_n whence_o meckler_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a german_n that_o inhabit_v the_o seacoast_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o proxineta_n pararius_n a_o broker_n so_o that_o mecklenburg_n have_v not_o its_o name_n as_o megalopolis_n in_o arcadia_n from_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o extent_n although_o lindebergius_n report_v it_o to_o have_v be_v above_o eight_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty_o in_o circumference_n but_o from_o the_o great_a resort_n of_o merchant_n to_o this_o place_n for_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o these_o part_n and_o the_o seat_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v of_o bilunaus_n misilaus_n mistevus_n pribislaus_n and_o several_a other_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v that_o all_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o probable_o be_v not_o very_o numerous_a that_o trade_v in_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n keep_v their_o factor_n and_o broker_n at_o this_o city_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n of_o gustrow_n and_o swerin_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n and_o saxon-lauwenburg_a and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o country_n have_v more_o in_o it_o of_o profit_n then_o pleasure_n commodity_n commodity_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o corn_n and_o fruit_n especial_o apple_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fowl_n and_o fish_n but_o situate_v in_o a_o air_n very_o unwholesome_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o intolerable_o sharp_a and_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n beside_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n everywhere_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o this_o dukedom_n their_o lake_n many_o of_o which_o be_v very_o large_a afford_v they_o good_a store_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a fish_n insomuch_o that_o at_o the_o marriage-feast_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a with_o helen_n daughter_n to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n be_v serve_v up_o to_o the_o table_n five_o thousand_o bream_n all_o of_o which_o be_v fresh_a and_o new_o take_v out_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n near_o swerin_n some_o romantic_a genealogist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v down_o the_o line_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n from_o some_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v general_n government_n government_n the_o first_o original_n of_o which_o fancy_n spring_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n bear_v a_o horse_n head_n which_o these_o herald_n be_v please_v to_o call_v the_o head_n of_o bucephalus_n in_o their_o eschutceon_n and_o indeed_o the_o generality_n of_o german_a antiquary_n fetth_v their_o pedigree_n from_o anthyrius_n the_o forementioned_a founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o mecklenburg_n who_o they_o unanimous_o report_v to_o have_v live_v in_o the_o day_n of_o
that_o great_a conqueror_n from_o his_o loin_n after_o several_a generation_n descend_v billiengus_n a_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o mother_n say_v some_o be_v charles_n the_o great_a be_v sister_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o his_o own_o conversion_n bring_v in_o the_o profession_n of_o christianity_n into_o mecklenburg_n though_o afterward_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o his_o son_n micislaus_n both_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n turn_v apostate_n the_o next_o famous_a prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v gottschalck_n surname_v the_o godly_a who_o will_v often_o himself_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o preach_v christianity_n to_o his_o subject_n by_o who_o he_o be_v at_o last_o for_o his_o religion_n murder_v in_o the_o year_n 1066._o from_o he_o descend_v among_o many_o other_o henry_n ii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1228_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n nicolot_n and_o john_n from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o spring_v all_o the_o succeed_a prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n until_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o that_o line_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1430._o from_o the_o late_a surname_v knese_n janko_n or_o john_n the_o divine_a because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v degree_n in_o the_o university_n at_o paris_n be_v descend_v the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n this_o john_n leave_v behind_o he_o henry_n who_o be_v six_o and_o twenty_o year_n keep_v prisoner_n by_o the_o turk_n father_n to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n who_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o create_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 1349._o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v though_o i_o find_v this_o construction_n put_v upon_o it_o by_o several_a of_o the_o modern_a german_a historian_n as_o if_o these_o two_o prince_n before_o charles_n creation_n have_v be_v only_o ordinary_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o prince_n or_o duke_n for_o from_o he_o they_o receive_v no_o more_o than_o a_o admission_n into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v brougth_n by_o make_v themselves_o member_n thereof_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o its_o law_n and_o contribute_v to_o its_o necessity_n albert_n elder_a son_n albert_n ii_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o sweden_n and_o not_o long_o after_o take_v prisoner_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n by_o who_o after_o several_a year_n imprisonment_n he_o be_v at_o last_o release_v upon_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o vast_a ransom_n so_o that_o the_o management_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o brother_n magnus_n a_o prince_n that_o if_o we_o believe_v chytraeus_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n have_v give_v he_o a_o noble_a character_n be_v nomine_fw-la &_o re_fw-la magnus_fw-la endow_v with_o all_o the_o excellent_a quality_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o brave_a prince_n his_o son_n john_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dukedom_n found_v the_o university_n at_o rostock_n in_o the_o year_n 1419._o this_o duke_n successor_n henry_n the_o fat_a and_o magnus_n ii_o founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o rostock_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o magnus_n and_o his_o son_n albert_n ii_o the_o dukedom_n come_v to_o his_o grandchild_n john_n albert_n in_o the_o year_n 1547_o who_o first_o bring_v in_o the_o lutheran_n confession_n into_o his_o dominion_n by_o demolish_n popish_a abbey_n and_o convert_v their_o revenue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o university_n at_o rostock_n his_o son_n john_n iii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1592._o leave_v two_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v adolph_n frideric_n who_o marry_v ann-mary_n countess_n of_o east_n friesland_n by_o who_o among_o other_o child_n he_o have_v christian-ludowic_a the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a his_o young_a son_n be_v gustavus_n adolphus_n who_o seat_v himself_o at_o gustrow_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o germany_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o dukedom_n confer_v upon_o their_o ambitious_a and_o at_o last_o unfortunate_a general_n albrecht_n duke_n of_o friedland_n however_o within_o a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o two_o duke_n adolph_n frideric_n and_o john_n albrecht_n be_v reinstate_v in_o their_o dominion_n by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n their_o kinsman_n for_o a_o character_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n the_o reader_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o swerin_n and_o gustrow_n the_o place_n of_o their_o residence_n the_o strength_n of_o these_o prince_n will_v be_v considerable_a enough_o strength_n militâ—â—â—_n strength_n sufficient_a to_o secure_v their_o own_o territory_n and_o keep_v their_o neighbour_n in_o awe_n if_o firm_o unite_v their_o equal_a pretension_n to_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o university_n at_o rostock_n do_v former_o occasion_v some_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o house_n but_o this_o quarrel_n have_v for_o some_o year_n last_o pass_v be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o and_o now_o a_o difference_n in_o religion_n the_o duke_n of_o swerin_n be_v a_o romanist_n and_o he_o of_o gustrow_n a_o lutheran_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o their_o mutual_a fear_n and_o jealousy_n heretofore_o they_o think_v it_o their_o chief_a interest_n to_o adhere_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o secure_v themselves_o under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o potent_a king_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o when_o after_o the_o many_o conquest_n of_o the_o brave_a gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o power_n of_o those_o prince_n grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o threaten_v a_o universal_a slavery_n to_o their_o neighbour_n round_o about_o they_o rather_o than_o the_o defence_n of_o any_o of_o their_o liberty_n the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o relinquish_v that_o party_n and_o join_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o branburger_n in_o oppose_v their_o common_a enemy_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n they_o see_v wismar_n rend_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n without_o any_o probability_n of_o be_v ever_o recover_v and_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o fear_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a country_n will_v follow_v it_o if_o their_o ruin_n be_v not_o timely_o prevent_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o new_a ally_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n so_o much_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n which_o bear_v that_o title_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o six_o part_n territry_n territry_n the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o vandalia_n the_o earldom_n of_o swerin_n the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n and_o stargard_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v reckon_v the_o city_n of_o wismar_n to_o which_o be_v the_o neighbour_a island_n poel_n tempsin_n gades_n rhena_n and_o bucow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o vandalia_n gustrow_n sterneberg_n malchin_n stavenhagen_n ivenack_n neu-calven_n warin_n pentzlin_n rebel_n wredenhagen_n malchau_n tetrou_n goltberg_n parchum_n plague_n lupsian_a grabou_n domitz_n neu-statt_a eldenau_n and_o gorlosen_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n the_o city_n of_o rostock_n ribnitz_n gnoien_n tessin_n laga_n schwan_n salines_n and_o morlou_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o stargard_n brandeburg_n stargard_n furstenburg_n strelitz_n mirow_n fredland_n and_o wesenberg_n and_o last_o in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n the_o city_n of_o butzow_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o swerin_n the_o most_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n i._o lubec_n lubec_n lubec_n this_o city_n be_v indeed_o situate_a in_o wagerland_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o in_o the_o description_n of_o denmark_n but_o because_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o a_o imperial_a city_n whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n we_o have_v reserve_v a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o it_o for_o this_o place_n and_o it_o can_v so_o proper_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o particular_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o although_o the_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n do_v not_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tribute_n or_o homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n yet_o it_o may_v perhaps_o as_o just_o be_v reckon_v part_n of_o that_o dukedom_n as_o bremen_n which_o never_o yet_o acknowledge_v any_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n may_v be_v esteem_v part_n of_o that_o principality_n which_o now_o bear_v
the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v fetch_v by_o some_o from_o one_o luba_n a_o famous_a fisherman_n that_o heretofore_o pitch_v his_o tent_n upon_o the_o seashore_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o afterward_o the_o great_a city_n of_o lubec_n be_v build_v but_o this_o fiction_n be_v of_o the_o same_o stamp_n with_o the_o frivolous_a etymology_n with_o which_o some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v furnish_v we_o of_o britain_n from_o brutus_n and_o london_n from_o king_n lud._n other_o tell_v we_o that_o lubec_n in_o the_o old_a wendish_n tongue_n signify_v a_o crown_n and_o therefore_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o this_o town_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o preeminence_n which_o immediate_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n it_o may_v just_o challenge_v among_o the_o other_o city_n of_o germany_n whence_o lindebergius_n allude_v to_o this_o etymology_n conclude_v his_o elogium_fw-la in_o the_o praise_n of_o lubec_n with_o this_o distich_n et_fw-la decus_fw-la europae_n &_o lumen_fw-la sit_fw-la totius_fw-la ansae_fw-la et_fw-la sit_fw-la vandalici_n pulchra_fw-la corona_n soli_fw-la but_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v what_o we_o have_v before_o mention_v that_o the_o name_n be_v true_o high-dutch_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o lobeck_a or_o ein_fw-mi eck_fw-mi des_fw-fr lobe_n a_o corner_n of_o land_n for_o upon_o such_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v situate_a commendable_a for_o something_o or_o other_o in_o it_o extraordinary_a and_o notable_a the_o polish_v historian_n particular_o j._n ludowic_n decius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v very_o zealous_a in_o assert_v that_o this_o great_a city_n owe_v its_o birth_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o country_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n build_v a_o fort_n and_o in_o some_o short_a time_n after_o a_o wall_a town_n in_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n upon_o which_o lubec_n stand_v but_o the_o german_n as_o vigorous_o oppose_v this_o assertion_n affirm_v that_o godschalck_n a_o certain_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o town_n a._n d._n 1040_o which_o small_a beginning_n be_v enlarge_v into_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o considerable_a city_n by_o crito_n a_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1104_o or_o as_o other_o 1087._o but_o however_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v never_o a_o city_n nor_o have_v any_o charter_n confirm_v to_o it_o before_o it_o have_v be_v once_o utter_o ruin_v and_o lay_v desolate_a by_o ratzo_n prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1134_o and_o rebuilt_a by_o adolph_n ii_o earl_n of_o holstein_n a._n d._n 1140_o who_o be_v unable_a to_o defend_v any_o part_n of_o his_o territory_n against_o the_o victorious_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o bavaria_n henry_n ii_o surname_v the_o lion_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o lubec_n among_o the_o other_o conquer_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n afterward_o when_o success_n and_o pride_n have_v swell_v henry_n to_o that_o height_n as_o to_o make_v he_o neglect_v his_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n and_o to_o side_n with_o the_o pope_n in_o a_o quarrel_n against_o he_o he_o be_v by_o the_o say_a emperor_n public_o proscribe_v and_o devour_v by_o the_o joint_a force_n of_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n every_o one_o lay_v hold_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n which_o lie_v next_o he_o in_o this_o confusion_n lubec_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o but_o after_o his_o death_n restore_v to_o the_o forementioned_a duke_n henry_n afterward_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o waldemar_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o brother_n to_o canutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o citizen_n find_v themselves_o too_o severe_o treat_v by_o their_o danish_a lord_n put_v their_o city_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o who_o grant_v they_o several_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n which_o they_o have_v enjoy_v under_o their_o first_o master_n since_o that_o time_n lubec_n have_v continue_v a_o imperial_a city_n be_v always_o reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o bishopric_n of_o lubec_n which_o since_o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n be_v elect_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_v in_o the_o year_n 1596_o have_v always_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o of_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o that_o house_n be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o at_o oldenburg_n in_o wagerland_n and_o afterward_o remove_v hither_o with_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o by_o henry_n the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o there_o be_v not_o any_o city_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o at_o this_o day_n excel_v or_o perhaps_o can_v equalise_v lubec_n either_o in_o beauty_n or_o uniformity_n of_o its_o building_n or_o pleasantness_n of_o its_o garden_n and_o grove_n the_o street_n be_v general_o strait_a and_o even_o the_o house_n be_v all_o build_v with_o brick_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n in_o the_o year_n 1238_o a_o great_a fire_n hap'n_v in_o the_o city_n burn_v down_o many_o of_o their_o street_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o house_n make_v of_o timber_n and_o cover_v with_o thatch_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o thenceforward_o no_o such_o house_n shall_v be_v build_v within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o public_a conduit_n they_o have_v water_n convey_v by_o pipe_n into_o every_o citizen_n private_a house_n according_a to_o which_o pattern_n the_o conduit_n in_o london_n and_o other_o great_a city_n in_o europe_n be_v first_o contrive_v the_o street_n be_v in_o several_a place_n grace_v with_o row_n of_o linden_n tree_n plant_v on_o each_o side_n the_o church_n about_o twenty_o in_o number_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o adorn_v with_o high_a steeple_n or_o spire_n especial_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n which_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o as_o curious_a architecture_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n the_o river_n trave_n on_o which_o lubec_n be_v seat_v about_o eight_o or_o ten_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v large_a and_o deep_a enough_o to_o carry_v the_o large_a vessel_n that_o sail_v upon_o the_o baltic_a so_o that_o daily_a merchantman_n of_o the_o great_a bulk_n as_o well_o as_o flat_o bottom_v barge_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n which_o with_o its_o neighbour_n hamburg_n be_v think_v to_o maintain_v near_o six_o hundred_o vessel_n in_o continual_a traffic_n the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o burgo-master_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o either_o doctor_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o some_o of_o the_o grave_n and_o experience_a nobility_n of_o the_o city_n the_o common_a council_n be_v make_v up_o of_o half_a lawyer_n and_o noble_n and_o the_o other_o half_a merchant_n their_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o handicraftsman_n two_o brother_n nor_o father_n and_o son_n to_o be_v of_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o city_n suppose_v that_o illiterate_a mechanic_n can_v hardly_o have_v so_o much_o skill_n in_o state-affair_n as_o will_v render_v they_o fit_v for_o government_n and_o that_o near_a relation_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o side_n with_o one_o another_o and_o not_o act_v with_o such_o unbiased_a judgement_n as_o other_o that_o be_v nothing_o akin_a ii_o wismar_n wismar_n wismar_n seat_v in_o the_o way_n betwixt_o lubec_n and_o rostoc_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n namely_o seven_o german_a or_o one_o and_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o both_o those_o city_n cromer_z and_o vapovius_fw-la zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o country_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o one_o wissimir_n its_o founder_n who_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v a_o polish_v prince_n descend_v from_o their_o great_a duke_n lechus_n the_o ground_n of_o their_o story_n they_o borrow_v from_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o report_n that_o wissimirus_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n march_v with_o a_o good_a army_n into_o denmark_n and_o there_o slay_v siward_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o at_o his_o return_n build_v wismar_n now_o these_o man_n imagine_v that_o princeps_fw-la vandalicus_n and_o vendicus_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n conclude_v present_o that_o this_o wissimir_n must_v certain_o have_v be_v a_o pole_n and_o then_o the_o great_a honour_n they_o can_v do_v he_o be_v to_o bring_v he_o from_o the_o loin_n of_o lechus_n whereas_o grant_v the_o main_a part_n of_o crantzius_n story_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v undoubted_o false_a that_o wismar_n be_v indeed_o build_v by_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o
wartislaus_n the_o former_a seat_v himself_o in_o pomerellia_n and_o retain_v the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o slavonian_n the_o late_a be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o low_a pomeren_n border_v upon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o short_o after_o conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o language_n of_o the_o saxon_n his_o neighbour_n whereupon_o this_o part_n of_o his_o father_n territory_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o casimir_n wartislaus_n son_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n this_o dukedom_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1217_o part_v betwixt_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o otho_fw-la two_o brother_n from_o who_o spring_v the_o two_o house_n of_o wolgast_n and_o stetin_n which_o continue_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o house_n of_o stetin_n fail_v a.d._n 1464_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v confer_v upon_o frideric_n the_o second_o marquis_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren-wolgast_a look_v upon_o as_o a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o their_o family_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o oppose_v with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o elector_n pretension_n at_o last_o the_o quarrel_n be_v compose_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o pomeren_n and_o brandenburg_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o both_o of_o they_o shall_v retain_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o possession_n and_o revenue_n of_o all_o territory_n comprise_v under_o that_o name_n shall_v be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o wolgast_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o fail_n of_o their_o issue_n male_a it_o shall_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n according_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o fourteen_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n george-william_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o estate_n but_o the_o swede_n have_v under_o pretence_n of_o assist_a duke_n bugislaus_fw-la against_o the_o imperialist_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o country_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o part_v with_o a_o maritime_a province_n which_o lie_v so_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o conqueror_n use_v to_o prescribe_v law_n with_o far_o less_o regard_n to_o justice_n then_o their_o own_o interest_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o any_o peace_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n before_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o wollin_n and_o the_o town_n of_o stetin_n shall_v from_o thenceforward_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n only_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o no_o long_o than_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o that_o family_n last_v upon_o the_o failure_n whereof_o it_o also_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o prince_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o because_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o compliance_n to_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n minister_n the_o elector_n have_v in_o this_o agreement_n quit_v the_o title_n to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n it_o be_v further_o conclude_v that_o his_o loss_n shall_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n convert_v into_o temporal_a principality_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a administrator_n augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v to_o descend_v upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n now_o although_o the_o elector_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o this_o bargain_n since_o the_o low_a pomeren_n which_o he_o have_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n will_v not_o doubtless_o yield_v so_o good_a a_o revenue_n as_o the_o principality_n of_o magdeburg_n halberstadt_n and_o minden_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v the_o entire_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n restore_v than_o three_o more_o such_o inland_n province_n bestow_v on_o he_o since_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o will_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v himself_o considerable_a at_o sea_n and_o be_v free_v from_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o have_v a_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o keep_v he_o in_o perpetual_a jealousy_n upon_o these_o consideration_n the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a reparation_n of_o his_o damage_n by_o allow_v he_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n as_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o magdeburg_n and_o as_o prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n and_o because_o former_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n take_v their_o turn_n in_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v alternate_a with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o enjoy_v the_o ancient_a archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n under_o the_o same_o title_n as_o the_o say_a duke_n do_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n at_o munster_n the_o swede_n quiet_o enjoy_v the_o low_a pomeren_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o article_n aforesaid_a until_o in_o these_o late_a war_n the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o bloodshed_n overpowred_n they_o and_o sieze_v on_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o city_n of_o stetin_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o particular_a city_n chief_a city_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n i._o stetin_n stetin_n stetin_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o pomeren_n and_o stralsund_v only_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n by_o who_o or_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v can_v easy_o be_v determine_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o idle_a conjecture_n of_o illiterate_a historian_n who_o pretend_v to_o fetch_v its_o genealogy_n from_o a_o warlike_a nation_n who_o they_o call_v sidini_n that_o before_o the_o build_n of_o town_n or_o house_n come_v in_o fashion_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n keep_v their_o usual_a rendezvous_n in_o the_o place_n where_o stetin_n now_o stand_v however_o it_o be_v more_o commendable_a for_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o building_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o its_o own_o record_n than_o any_o antiquity_n it_o can_v boast_v of_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o able_a antiquary_n to_o find_v out_o its_o original_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o stetin_n be_v build_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a figure_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n which_o now_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o town_n the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n it_o now_o have_v on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n its_o regular_a fortification_n beauty_n and_o strength_n it_o owe_v to_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o permission_n of_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n come_v hither_o to_o reform_v the_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o language_n of_o their_o then_o wendish_n subject_n by_o this_o mean_n trade_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o that_o some_o writer_n who_o give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o this_o city_n in_o its_o modern_a condition_n represent_v it_o as_o a_o place_n where_o more_o people_n inhabit_v under_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o intimate_v that_o the_o town_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o its_o citizen_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n the_o castle_n former_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n and_o now_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n be_v a_o pile_n of_o building_n which_o excel_v perhaps_o any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o may_v vy_z with_o most_o of_o its_o kind_n in_o
hardly_o recover_v any_o of_o its_o ancient_a riches_n and_o grandeur_n and_o be_v now_o mouldered_a into_o a_o seaport_n town_n of_o less_o note_n if_o possible_a than_o wollin_n city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o low_a pomeren_n first_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d stralsund_n when_o this_o city_n now_o the_o large_a and_o wealthy_a in_o pomeren_n be_v first_o build_v be_v not_o certain_o know_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n tell_v we_o it_o owe_v its_o first_o original_n to_o sunno_n ii_o king_n of_o the_o frank_n who_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 145_o or_o 146_o call_v it_o from_o his_o own_o name_n sunnonia_n which_o be_v afterward_o corrupt_v into_o sunda_n and_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o strala_n a_o island_n situate_v no_o man_n know_v where_n turn_v at_o last_o into_o stralsund_n but_o i_o have_v rather_o believe_v it_o have_v the_o name_n sund_n as_o it_o be_v still_o sometime_o call_v from_o the_o narrow_a sea_n upon_o which_o it_o stand_v since_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o baltic_a strait_n betwixt_o helsingore_n and_o helsingborg_n will_v be_v proper_o name_v in_o the_o danish_a or_o gottish_a tongue_n de_fw-fr sund._n the_o other_o part_n of_o its_o modern_a name_n seem_v afterward_o add_v von_fw-mi den_fw-mi stralen_n other_o flussen_n from_o the_o interchangable_a portion_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n in_o this_o place_n the_o first_o undoubted_a truth_n we_o find_v relate_v of_o this_o city_n be_v that_o after_o some_o great_a spoil_n or_o utter_a destruction_n it_o be_v magnificent_o rebuilt_a enlarge_v and_o people_v with_o german_n by_o jaromar_n prince_n of_o rugen_n about_o the_o year_n 1209._o by_o this_o prince_n son_n its_o fortification_n be_v first_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1230_o and_o the_o city_n remove_v a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o its_o first_o foundation_n have_v be_v lay_v by_o his_o father_n for_o before_o jaromar_n have_v quite_o encompass_v his_o new_a build_a town_n with_o a_o slender_a wall_n which_o he_o fancy_v will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v defend_v it_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o pomeranian_o on_o the_o other_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n break_v in_o upon_o he_o and_o overpower_v his_o small_a garrison_n burn_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o intend_a city_n so_o that_o the_o stralsunder_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o reckon_v the_o age_n of_o their_o city_n no_o far_o then_o from_o the_o year_n 1230_o as_o they_o intimate_v from_o the_o follow_a distich_n engrave_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o town_n in_o golden_a letter_n annis_n ducentis_fw-la ter_z denis_fw-la mille_fw-la retentis_fw-la fit_a stralsundensis_n civitas_n cvi_fw-la nomen_fw-la ab_fw-la undis_fw-la since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v have_v almost_o as_o many_o fair_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n confer_v upon_o it_o as_o any_o city_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o its_o age_n as_o 1._o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n have_v power_n to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o well_o in_o criminal_a as_o civil_a cause_n within_o their_o own_o court_n from_o whence_o lie_v no_o appeal_n to_o any_o superior_a judge_n or_o prince_n whatever_o 2._o they_o have_v power_n to_o coin_v money_n and_o raise_v force_n either_o for_o sea_n or_o land_n 3._o in_o case_n of_o a_o engagement_n of_o the_o whole_a german_a empire_n with_o some_o foreign_a nation_n in_o a_o sea-fight_n the_o stralsunder_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o venture_v any_o further_a abroad_o then_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o city_n 4._o they_o have_v have_v power_n to_o make_v league_n and_o confederacy_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o own_o trade_n and_o to_o choose_v their_o own_o patron_n and_o protector_n out_o of_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o this_o day_n the_o city_n be_v in_o a_o flourish_a and_o splendid_a condition_n the_o house_n general_o stone_n and_o very_o uniform_a this_o last_o year_n 1680_o some_o part_n of_o the_o town_n be_v burn_v down_o by_o a_o unhappy_a accident_n but_o the_o plentiful_a purse_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v able_a quick_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o that_o fire_n the_o sea_n betwixt_o this_o town_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n be_v about_o a_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n down_o to_o which_o from_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v six_o great_a gate_n and_o as_o many_o bridge_n lead_v thither_o to_o these_o bridge_n the_o merchantship_n of_o 150_o or_o 200_o tun_n which_o ride_v in_o the_o harbour_n be_v fasten_v towards_o the_o land_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o regular_a bulwark_n and_o fishpond_n of_o twice_o a_o musket_n shot_n in_o breadth_n over_o which_o there_o be_v four_o dam_n and_o bridge_n lead_v from_o the_o four_o land-gate_n of_o the_o town_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v corn_n which_o the_o merchant_n transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o the_o low-countries_n scotland_n norway_n and_o many_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n in_o some_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n the_o stralsund_a beer_n be_v reckon_v a_o choice_n commodity_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n many_o tun_n of_o that_o liquor_n be_v here_o yearly_o ship_v off_o stralsund_n have_v always_o so_o brave_o maintain_v its_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o voluminous_a history_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o many_o several_a proof_n its_o inhabitant_n have_v give_v of_o their_o valour_n in_o this_o kind_n historian_n will_v acquaint_v we_o that_o at_o once_o it_o withstand_v the_o unite_a force_n of_o two_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o ten_o prince_n against_o the_o assault_n of_o all_o which_o it_o brave_o defend_v itself_o and_o in_o the_o engagement_n take_v eric_n duke_n of_o saxony_n prisoner_n after_o this_o exploit_n the_o city_n begin_v to_o be_v as_o terrible_a as_o before_o it_o have_v be_v impregnable_a and_o none_o of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n dare_v offer_v either_o violence_n or_o any_o affront_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n count_n walstein_n trust_v to_o fortune_n that_o have_v always_o favour_v his_o former_a enterprise_n lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o town_n but_o after_o a_o furious_a onset_n and_o a_o long_o but_o vain_a expectance_n of_o success_n be_v at_o last_o force_v shameful_o to_o retire_v within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o stralsunder_v put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o triumphant_a king_n of_o sweden_n who_o though_o at_o first_o design_v only_o for_o a_o titular_a patron_n prove_v in_o the_o end_n their_o real_a lord_n and_o master_n however_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o can_v just_o brag_v of_o have_v fair_o conquer_v the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n which_o after_o he_o have_v take_v stetin_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n be_v by_o he_o besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o year_n 1678_o though_o afterward_o as_o he_o stand_v oblige_v by_o the_o five_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o sweden_n and_o the_o say_a elector_n at_o st._n germain_n en_fw-fr say_v the_o 29_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n 1679_o he_o resign_v it_o back_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n ii_o bardt_n bardt_n barth_n or_o bardt_n this_o town_n not_o many_o age_n ago_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n and_o give_v name_n to_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n wherein_o be_v now_o situate_a stralsund_n grimmen_n tribsees_n with_o many_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o good_a note_n some_o fancy_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o longobardi_n who_o they_o make_v the_o undoubted_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o their_o conjecture_n produce_v the_o old_a arm_n of_o the_o town_n wherein_o it_o bear_v a_o man_n head_n with_o a_o long_a beard_n but_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o river_n barte_n or_o bartze_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o field_n about_o this_o city_n be_v exceed_o fruitful_a and_o abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n whence_o be_v the_o haven_n here_o as_o deep_a and_o fit_a to_o harbour_v ship_n of_o a_o considerable_a burden_n as_o that_o at_o stralsund_n bardt_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v as_o much_o advance_v by_o merchandise_n as_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_a city_n but_o that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n upon_o which_o this_o city_n stand_v be_v so_o shallow_a that_o neither_o merchantman_n nor_o almost_o any_o other_o vessel_n save_o only_a such_o as_o serve_v to_o convey_v passenger_n from_o hence_o into_o denmark_n or_o sweden_n
unanimous_a be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o whole_a island_n against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n the_o language_n ancient_o speak_v in_o rugen_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n tongue_n language_n language_n but_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n assist_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o island_n the_o wendish_n manner_n and_o language_n be_v utter_o abolish_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o rugen_n as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1404_o there_o be_v one_o old_a woman_n leave_v in_o the_o isle_n that_o understand_v perfect_o and_o can_v speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n and_o some_o few_o especial_o where_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n officer_n keep_v their_o residence_n speak_v swedish_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o be_v convert_v from_o their_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n religion_n religion_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n helmondus_n seem_v to_o point_v more_o especial_o at_o the_o rugian_o when_o he_o say_v inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la autem_fw-la borealium_fw-la populos_fw-la sola_fw-la slavorum_n provincia_n remansit_fw-la caeteris_fw-la durior_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la credendum_fw-la tardior_fw-la however_o about_o the_o year_n 813_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a monk_n venture_v to_o preach_v up_o christianity_n to_o these_o stubborn_a people_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n as_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n to_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o the_o true_a faith_n but_o they_o as_o quick_o abandon_v christianity_n and_o relapse_v into_o their_o former_a idolatry_n for_o as_o upon_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n in_o lycaonia_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o st._n barnabas_n and_o st._n paul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o mercury_n so_o these_o poor_a people_n mistake_v god_n minister_n for_o god_n himself_o idolise_v st._n vite_fw-la a_o poor_a monk_n that_o have_v undertake_v their_o conversion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o swant_n which_o name_n be_v afterward_o give_v to_o a_o monstrous_a four_o head_a image_n which_o they_o worship_v in_o a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o this_o idol_n all_o the_o rugian_o repair_v as_o to_o a_o oracle_n for_o advice_n and_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o have_v make_v a_o safe_a voyage_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v up_o some_o of_o their_o best_a merchandise_n as_o a_o tribute_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o this_o grand_a tutelary_a god_n of_o the_o island_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v keep_v constant_o for_o the_o service_n of_o swant_n one_o whereof_o be_v white_a and_o never_o rid_v but_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n this_o horse_n be_v now_o and_o then_o show_v to_o the_o people_n in_o a_o morning_n all_o over_o besmear_v with_o dirt_n and_o sweat_n the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n protest_v to_o the_o multitude_n that_o swant_n himself_o have_v bring_v the_o beast_n into_o that_o pickle_n by_o engage_v with_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n of_o rugen_n the_o night_n before_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_v this_o idol_n which_o stand_v in_o arcona_n the_o famous_a city_n in_o old_a rugen_n before_o mention_v be_v thus_o the_o chief_a priest_n look_v into_o a_o horn_n which_o the_o image_n hold_v in_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o which_o have_v be_v fill_v the_o year_n before_o with_o a_o precious_a liquor_n prognosticate_v from_o the_o good_a quantity_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v the_o plenty_n or_o dearth_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o do_v with_o his_o lip_n shut_v for_o fear_v of_o harm_v the_o idol_n with_o his_o breath_n he_o very_o solemn_o pour_v out_o the_o remain_a liquor_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o image_n and_o have_v replenish_v it_o afresh_o place_v it_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reverence_n in_o the_o god_n right_a hand_n whence_o he_o have_v take_v it_o down_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o anniversary_n feast_v and_o jollity_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n the_o rugian_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n until_o by_o a_o continual_a conversation_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o pomeranian_o they_o be_v almost_o insensible_o turn_v christian_n and_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o at_o last_o whole_o quit_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rugen_n be_v as_o zealous_a assertor_n and_o maintainer_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n as_o any_o german_n whatever_n the_o isle_n be_v ancient_o govern_v by_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o grammar_n grammar_n who_o dominion_n reach_v beyond_o the_o narrow_a boundary_n the_o sea_n 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on_o the_o other_o hand_n his_o majesty_n of_o denmark_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v be_v as_o unwilling_a to_o have_v suffer_v any_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o lord_n it_o in_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v almost_o necessary_a consider_v the_o present_a state_n of_o stralsund_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n that_o both_o these_o place_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o master_n though_o not_o impossible_a to_o make_v the_o island_n at_o least_o independent_a upon_o if_o not_o a_o terror_n to_o that_o city_n for_o since_o all_o the_o merchant_n ship_n which_o come_v from_o the_o danish_a sund_n to_o the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n be_v oblige_v to_o sail_v round_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n it_o will_v not_o possible_o be_v so_o expensive_a as_o profitable_a to_o build_v three_o or_o four_o good_a port-town_n in_o wittow_n jasmumd_v and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o command_v all_o ship_n that_o sail_v this_o road_n but_o 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to_o the_o court_n who_o be_v easy_o win_v over_o to_o the_o elector_n opinion_n they_o can_v not_o but_o observe_v a_o continual_a advancement_n of_o calvinism_n and_o as_o constant_a decay_n of_o the_o lutheran_n party_n whereupon_o they_o resolve_v the_o forementioned_a decree_n for_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o confirm_v if_o possible_a beyond_o all_o fear_n of_o a_o future_a violation_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n they_o procure_v the_o say_a decree_n to_o be_v insert_v as_o the_o seven_o article_n into_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o eternal_a and_o immutable_a law_n to_o the_o whole_a german_a empire_n yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o assurance_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o his_o father_n tenant_n have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n especial_o his_o two_o university_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge and_o 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doctrine_n as_o the_o former_a of_o calvin_n have_v a_o little_a abate_v his_o rigorous_a persecution_n but_o hitherto_o their_o hope_n have_v be_v blast_v without_o the_o elector_n care_n to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n any_o further_a than_o to_o wink_v at_o the_o ordinary_a exercise_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o he_o to_o be_v true_o reconcile_v as_o long_o as_o strauchius_fw-la at_o present_a a_o note_a preacher_n in_o dantzic_n not_o long_o since_o commit_v to_o the_o goal_n for_o raillery_n with_o some_o other_o hotheaded_a lutheran_n pulpiters_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o represent_v not_o only_a calvinist_n in_o general_a but_o the_o elector_n himself_o as_o one_o of_o the_o devil_n be_v chief_a instrument_n for_o pervert_v the_o true_a christian_a religion_n mutavit_fw-la dominos_fw-la marchia_n saepe_fw-la suos_fw-la government_n government_n be_v a_o say_n we_o often_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o historian_n that_o treat_v of_o this_o marquisate_n but_o the_o first_o time_n that_o we_o hear_v of_o any_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v after_o the_o year_n 927._o for_o henry_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v overcome_v this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n bestow_v it_o on_o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v defend_v these_o march_n or_o outmost_a limit_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o the_o sclave_n thereupon_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o marckgraf_n or_o marquis_n from_o this_o time_n we_o may_v reckon_v up_o three_o several_a catalogue_n or_o class_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n begin_v first_o with_o such_o as_o be_v not_o hereditary_a marquis_n but_o have_v that_o title_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o enjoy_v it_o during_o his_o pleasure_n these_o be_v 1._o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n who_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v create_v the_o first_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 927._o beside_o his_o exploit_n in_o several_a expedition_n against_o the_o slavonian_n he_o may_v just_o lay_v claim_n to_o some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a preferment_n as_o be_v brother_n to_o the_o empress_n after_o his_o death_n 2._o gero_n count_n of_o altenburg_n and_o mersburg_n be_v make_v marquis_n by_o otho_n the_o first_o he_o build_v the_o monastery_n of_o gerenrood_n which_o still_o retain_v his_o name_n have_v govern_v a_o few_o year_n he_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o 3._o bruno_n or_o brumito_n earl_n of_o within_o and_o burgraf_n of_o zorbeck_n create_v marquis_n by_o the_o same_o emperor_n and_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o his_o son_n 4._o hugh_n succeed_v who_o have_v be_v the_o founder_n of_o seven_o stately_a monastery_n in_o italy_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1001_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n 5._o sigebart_n who_o otho_n the_o three_o make_v the_o first_o marquis_n elector_n his_o son_n 6._o theodoric_n prove_v a_o great_a persecutor_n of_o the_o heneti_n two_o of_o who_o prince_n he_o persuade_v the_o emperor_n henry_n ii_o to_o hang_v up_o and_o all_o other_o tribe_n of_o the_o neighbour_a slave_n and_o vandal_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overpower_v by_o they_o and_o be_v beat_v out_o of_o all_o his_o territory_n by_o mistivoius_fw-la prince_n of_o the_o obotriti_n be_v force_v to_o end_v his_o day_n miserable_o in_o a_o monastery_n at_o magdeburg_n 7._o vdo_n earl_n of_o soltwedel_n within_o some_o year_n after_o encourage_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n give_v battle_n to_o the_o slave_n and_o have_v force_v they_o out_o of_o their_o new_a conquest_n be_v himself_o make_v marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o vdo_fw-la ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n but_o join_v afterward_o ward_n with_o rodolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n in_o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iu._n he_o be_v by_o the_o same_o emperor_n proscribe_v and_o his_o marquisate_n give_v to_o 9_o primislaus_n king_n of_o the_o obotriti_n and_o ancestor_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n after_o who_o death_n the_o marquisate_n be_v make_v hereditary_a by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n who_o confer_v it_o upon_o albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la prince_n of_o anhalt_n and_o marquis_n of_o soltwedel_n from_o who_o we_o may_v reckon_v the_o second_o catalogue_n of_o marquis_n in_o the_o order_n follow_v 1._o albert_n create_v elector_n and_o duke_n of_o saxony_n brunswic_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o place_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n 2._o otho_n albert_n son_n succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 3_o otho_fw-la ii_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o holy_a war_n leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o his_o brother_n 4._o albert_n ii_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1221_o and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n 5._o john_n a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge his_o son_n 6._o otho_fw-la iii_o build_v brandenburg_n in_o prussia_n and_o live_v all_o his_o reign_n which_o last_v about_o fifteen_o year_n in_o a_o continual_a warfare_n with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n this_o man_n brother_n 7._o john_n ii_o have_v leave_v nothing_o memorable_a record_v of_o he_o save_v that_o he_o keep_v possession_n for_o some_o year_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n which_o be_v pawn_v to_o he_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislaw_n john_n the_o first_o be_v three_o son_n 8._o conrade_n obtain_v the_o marquisate_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o two_o elder_a brother_n and_o die_v very_o old_a and_o decrepit_a in_o the_o year_n 1303._o his_o son_n 9_o john_n iii_o do_v not_o long_o outlive_v his_o father_n but_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1305_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o his_o brother_n 10._o waldemar_n who_o annex_v a_o good_a part_n of_o lusatia_n which_o he_o win_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o nephew_n 11._o waldemar_n ii_o die_v within_o four_o year_n of_o his_o uncle_n in_o the_o year_n 1323_o have_v act_v nothing_o worth_a the_o relate_n and_o yet_o short_a be_v the_o government_n of_o his_o brother_n 12._o john_n iu._n the_o last_o marquis_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anhalt_n after_o who_o death_n which_o happen_v within_o forty_o day_n after_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o government_n the_o marquisate_n escheat_v to_o the_o empire_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n be_v give_v to_o 13._o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n by_o his_o father_n lewis_n the_o emperor_n he_o resign_v to_o his_o brother_n 14._o lewis_n ii_o surname_v the_o roman_a because_o bear_v at_o rome_n who_o be_v succeed_v by_o the_o emperor_n three_o son_n 15._o otho_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n he_o afterward_o sell_v the_o marquisate_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n who_o give_v it_o to_o his_o son_n 16._o winceslaus_fw-la but_o he_o have_v not_o enjoy_v it_o quite_o five_o year_n before_o he_o be_v upon_o his_o father_n
death_n elect_v emperor_n whereupon_o he_o confer_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n upon_o his_o brother_n 17._o sigismond_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n who_o succeed_v his_o brother_n in_o the_o empire_n sell_v the_o marquisate_n to_o jodocus_n duke_n of_o moravia_n but_o afterward_o have_v redeem_v it_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o william_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n to_o who_o jodicus_n have_v mortgage_v it_o confer_v it_o upon_o frideric_n burggraf_n of_o noremberg_n at_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n in_o the_o year_n 1417._o from_o which_o time_n we_o may_v begin_v to_o reckon_v up_o the_o three_o and_o last_o catalogue_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o follow_v 1._o frideric_n burggraf_n of_o noremberg_n be_v in_o consideration_n of_o his_o good_a service_n do_v against_o the_o rebel_n in_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n create_v as_o before_o say_v marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n pay_v only_o for_o his_o investiture_n 400000_o crown_n his_o son_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n surname_v for_o his_o peevish_a and_o cruel_a temper_n the_o marquis_n with_o the_o iron_n tooth_n he_o be_v make_v duke_n of_o pomeren_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o but_o his_o brother_n 3_o albert_n relinquish_v all_o but_o the_o bare_a title_n in_o pomeren_n leave_v nothing_o to_o his_o successor_n but_o the_o name_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o keep_v of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n however_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o remarkable_a at_o some_o act_n of_o chivalry_n that_o the_o usual_a title_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n pius_n ii_o be_v achilles_n germanicus_n and_o ulysses_n teutonicus_n he_o die_v at_o francfurt_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n in_o the_o year_n 1494._o his_o son_n 4._o john_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n as_o eloquent_a as_o his_o father_n be_v valiant_a and_o therefore_o he_o be_v common_o style_v cicero_n germanicus_n he_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n in_o the_o year_n 1499_o to_o his_o son_n 5._o joachim_n as_o great_a a_o lover_n as_o his_o father_n be_v a_o master_n of_o eloquence_n founder_n of_o the_o university_n at_o francfurt_n and_o first_o authorizer_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o brandenburg_n 6._o joachim_n ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1534_o get_v himself_o and_o his_o follower_n no_o small_a credit_n in_o a_o brave_a expedition_n against_o the_o turk_n at_o that_o time_n the_o common_a enemy_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n his_o son_n and_o successor_n 7._o john_n george_n govern_v a_o long_a time_n in_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n during_o his_o life_n his_o son_n 8._o joachim_n frideric_n be_v administrator_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o after_o his_o father_n death_n govern_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o same_o peaceable_a meekness_n and_o piety_n he_o have_v the_o usual_a blessing_n of_o good_a and_o religious_a man_n the_o happiness_n to_o be_v a_o father_n of_o many_o child_n whereof_o the_o elder_a 9_o john_n sigismond_n succeed_v he_o he_o marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o albert-frideric_a duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o mary_n eleanor_n his_o wife_n daughter_n of_o william_n i._o duke_n of_o cleve_n who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o say_a duke_n as_o he_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o other_o prince_n with_o promise_n that_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brethren_n without_o issue_n she_o and_o her_o heir_n shall_v succeed_v to_o all_o his_o territory_n upon_o this_o title_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n lay_v claim_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o cleve_n juliers_n and_o bergen_n or_o the_o mountain_n with_o the_o county_n of_o ravensburg_n 10._o george-william_n son_n to_o john_n sigismond_n and_o the_o lady_n ann_n beforemention_v claim_v in_o his_o mother_n right_n the_o dukedom_n aforesaid_a together_o with_o the_o barony_n of_o ravenstein_n all_o which_o be_v part_v betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o cousin-german_a wolfgangus_n palatine_n of_o newburg_n and_o son_n of_o magdalen_n young_a sister_n to_o mary-eleanor_n but_o fall_v out_o at_o last_o about_o the_o division_n of_o their_o territory_n they_o engage_v their_o friend_n and_o ally_n in_o the_o broil_n the_o palatine_a have_v call_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n the_o force_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o elector_n john_n sigismond_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o son_n the_o confederate_a state_n of_o the_o netherlands_o after_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la duke_n of_o pomeren_n it_o be_v hope_v he_o may_v succeed_v into_o that_o dukedom_n also_o but_o how_o the_o swede_n balk_v those_o expectation_n in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n we_o have_v already_o inform_v the_o reader_n this_o marquise_n son_n 11._o frideric_n william_n be_v at_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n a_o prince_n wise_a valiant_a religious_a temperate_a chaste_a and_o in_o a_o word_n master_n of_o all_o the_o noble_a virtue_n without_o the_o least_o mixture_n of_o vice_n of_o his_o countryand_n family_n he_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 1620_o and_o upon_o his_o father_n death_n declare_v elector_n in_o the_o year_n 1656._o he_o have_v several_a child_n by_o both_o his_o wife_n before_o mention_v whereof_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o electoral_a prince_n charles_n emile_n be_v bear_v the_o six_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o though_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v former_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o much_o more_o potent_a prince_n than_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n strength_n strength_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n have_v always_o take_v place_n of_o he_o at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o certain_o the_o case_n be_v much_o alter_v at_o present_a and_o the_o many_o accession_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n dominion_n whereof_o the_o present_a marquis_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n in_o these_o last_o age_n have_v render_v he_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o formidable_a prince_n next_o to_o the_o austrian_a family_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n beside_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n he_o challenge_v the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n preussen_n juliers_n cleves_n bergen_n stetin_n pomeren_n casubia_n vandalia_n silesia_n crossen_n and_o jagerndorff_n again_o he_o write_v himself_o duke_n of_o rugen_n prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n earl_n of_o the_o marck_n and_o ravensberg_n and_o last_o baron_n of_o ravenstein_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n chief_a interest_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o firm_a adherence_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n interest_n interest_n who_o possible_o be_v the_o only_a prince_n can_v secure_v he_o from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o his_o neighbour_n the_o swede_n next_o to_o the_o swede_n he_o be_v most_o jealous_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n as_o have_v observe_v they_o more_o favour_v by_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o dukedom_n of_o juliers_n and_o cleves_n than_o himself_o this_o oblige_a he_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n upon_o easy_a term_n than_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v be_v willing_a to_o have_v do_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v another_o terrible_a neighbour_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o prussia_n and_o therefore_o the_o elector_n not_o dare_v to_o repose_v too_o great_a a_o confidence_n in_o a_o prince_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_a to_o the_o ducal_z as_o well_o as_o regal_a prussia_n be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o constant_a and_o strong_a army_n upon_o those_o coast_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o this_o question_n be_v move_v whether_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n may_v lawful_o be_v deprive_v of_o all_o the_o territory_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o prussia_n as_o dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o his_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n at_o that_o time_n declare_v enemy_n to_o poland_n the_o polish_v lawyer_n urge_v in_o the_o affirmative_a that_o the_o elector_n be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n vassal_n and_o therefore_o forfeit_v his_o land_n by_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o his_o master_n enemy_n but_o certain_o when_o we_o consider_v in_o what_o a_o miserable_a condition_n poor_a king_n casimir_n be_v and_o how_o unable_a to_o defend_v either_o himself_o or_o his_o subject_n and_o again_o how_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o in_o this_o conjuncture_n the_o swedish_n army_n will_v have_v swallow_v up_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o prussia_n as_o it_o have_v already_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n without_o be_v oblige_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n by_o such_o a_o treaty_n the_o pole_n have_v great_a reason_n to_o thank_v the_o elector_n for_o preserve_v by_o this_o expedient_a some_o part_n of_o their_o king_n dominion_n from_o the_o common_a destruction_n then_o to_o condemn_v he_o for_o wise_o shun_v the_o ruin_n which_o king_n casimir_n have_v bring_v upon_o this_o kingdom_n there_o be_v
the_o follow_a order_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o first_o 3._o ernest_n frideric_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 4._o frideric_n iii_o ernest_n son_n 5._o john_n frideric_n the_o three_o brother_n 6._o john-frideric_a the_o son_n of_o john_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n 7._o maurice_n cousin-german_a to_o his_o predecessor_n john_n who_o drive_v charles_n the_o five_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o siffridhuse_v against_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o augustus_n maurice_n brother_n 9_o christian_n augustus_n son_n 10._o christian_n ii_o son_n of_o christian_a the_o first_o 11._o john_n george_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o first_o side_v with_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n against_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n against_o the_o emperor_n 12._o john_n george_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o he_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o quiet_a and_o die_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n leave_v the_o electorate_v to_o his_o son_n 13._o john_n george_n iii_o this_o elector_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o low_a stature_n but_o great_a spirit_n something_a fat_a and_o corpulent_a but_o withal_o active_a and_o brisk_a he_o be_v bear_v the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n a._n d._n 1647_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o marry_v ann_n sophia_n princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o sister_n to_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n by_o she_o he_o have_v several_a child_n the_o elder_a of_o who_o john_n george_n be_v the_o electoral_a prince_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o germany_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n except_v only_o the_o imperial_a family_n although_o the_o circuit_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o what_o his_o neighbour_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v master_n of_o they_o that_o reckon_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o amount_v to_o 400000_o pound_n sterling_a speak_v modest_o enough_o and_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o compute_v all_o the_o income_n of_o his_o treasury_n from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o beer_n and_o all_o other_o commidity_n from_o tax_n mine_n etc._n etc._n will_v i_o presume_v find_v it_o rise_v to_o a_o much_o large_a sum_n the_o profit_n which_o arise_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o silver_n mine_n at_o freyberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o his_o territory_n have_v be_v long_o since_o compute_v to_o amount_v yearly_a to_o 130000_o pound_n and_o certain_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o labourer_n will_v rather_o augment_v that_o sum_n the_o excise_n or_o impost_n upon_o beer_n in_o leipsick_a only_a a_o city_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o parish_n be_v usual_o farm_a at_o the_o rate_n of_o 20000_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o this_o and_o the_o like_a custom_n he_o have_v ten_o of_o all_o the_o corn_n fruit_n wine_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a stand_a tax_n lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n grant_v at_o first_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o hostility_n but_o gather_v since_o in_o day_n of_o peace_n at_o least_o as_o to_o that_o enemy_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o receive_v he_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v attack_v this_o country_n answerable_a to_o these_o vast_a revenue_n be_v the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n his_o attendants_z be_v usual_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o train_n of_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour-prince_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o elector_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v court_n at_o the_o same_o time_n three_o duke_n as_o many_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n of_o foreign_a nation_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v pensioner_n to_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o two_o late_a elector_n abate_v much_o of_o this_o state_n and_o grandeur_n witness_v the_o funeral_n of_o john_n george_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o at_o which_o be_v twentyfour_o horse_n of_o state_n cover_v with_o black_a and_o the_o electoral_a eschutcheon_n wrought_v thereon_o each_o of_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o two_o gentleman_n after_o which_o follow_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o person_n in_o mourning_n the_o court_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v always_o more_o brand_v with_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v then_o any_o other_o prince_n palace_n in_o germany_n nor_o have_v the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v able_a to_o shun_v the_o imputation_n a_o red_a nose_n be_v as_o be_v report_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o inseparable_a badge_n of_o that_o family_n ii_o leipzig_n leipzig_n leipzig_n this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o vandal_n who_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n word_n lipzk_n which_o signify_v a_o lindentree_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n which_o former_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n whence_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o phylurea_n instead_o of_o lipsia_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tilia_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o small_a river_n the_o elster_n pleissa_n and_o parda_fw-it in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n and_o pleasure_n as_o large_a and_o rich_a meadow_n which_o be_v mow_v twice_o constant_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o year_n pleasant_a wood_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fine_a orchard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o orchard_n or_o garden_n but_o the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o stately_a fabric_n pleissenburg_n or_o the_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o pleissa_n which_o defend_v the_o town_n be_v a_o strong_a fort_n and_o strict_o guard_v and_o st._n nicolas_n church_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o fair_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o any_o lutheran_n church_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n have_v general_o well-built_a house_n many_o whereof_o especial_o near_o the_o marketplace_n be_v seven_o some_o nine_o story_n high_a near_o this_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o this_o town_n be_v five_o several_a time_n besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n 1633._o but_o restore_v upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n sign_v at_o prague_n a._n d._n 1635._o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o beside_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n which_o be_v think_v to_o flourish_v here_o in_o a_o more_o refine_a strain_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o misnia_n and_o consequent_o of_o germany_n the_o three_o thing_n follow_v 1._o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o note_n in_o europe_n especial_o dure_v the_o three_o fair_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v yearly_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o michaelmas_n 2._o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o elector_n himself_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n the_o manner_n of_o procede_v in_o this_o court_n be_v at_o large_a deliver_v by_o zobelius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v differentiae_fw-la juris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la &_o civilis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la lipsiense_n write_v not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o high_o dutch._n 3._o the_o university_n which_o be_v found_v here_o a._n d._n 1408_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o hussites_n and_o papist_n at_o prague_n whereby_o the_o former_a be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o town_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o at_o leipsig_n to_o which_o city_n two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flock_v in_o one_o day_n there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o this_o day_n four_o college_n and_o twenty_o four_o public_a professor_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a professor_n of_o divinity_n be_v dr._n john_n adam_n schertzer_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a humanity_n and_o as_o great_a learning_n the_o several_a book_n he_o have_v publish_v especial_o his_o collegium_fw-la anti-socinianum_a wherein_o he_o have_v brave_o confute_v those_o knotty_a argument_n of_o the_o cracovian_a party_n which_o few_o of_o his_o countryman_n before_o he_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o world_n the_o quickness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o foundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n his_o
hludovicus_fw-la rex_fw-la missis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la sine_fw-la bello_fw-la compressit_fw-la acceptisque_fw-la obsidibus_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la &_o muneribus_fw-la non_fw-la paucis_fw-la eos_fw-la sub_fw-la pristinum_fw-la redegit_fw-la servitium_fw-la i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o punctual_a in_o allege_v these_o authority_n because_o i_o find_v the_o polish_v writer_n obstinate_o deny_v that_o the_o silesian_n have_v in_o these_o day_n any_o other_o lord_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o polish_v chronicle_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o the_o forementioned_a german_a relation_n when_o he_o say_v that_o boleslaus_n i._o annex_v seleucia_n prussia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o bohemia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n which_o intimate_v thus_o much_o that_o former_o seleucia_n or_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o some_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o year_n 1042_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iii_o give_v a_o grant_n of_o silesia_n to_o bretislaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n who_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o polander_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v for_o ever_o pay_v out_o of_o it_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n afterterwards_o henry_n iv_o at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o mentz_n a._n d._n 1086_o give_v power_n to_o vratislau_n king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o invade_v silesia_n lusatia_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o his_o own_o government_n as_o be_v testify_v by_o cosmas_n pragensis_n who_o be_v himself_o present_a at_o the_o diet._n this_o cromer_n can_v deny_v but_o only_o in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o passion_n assert_n that_o neither_o the_o emperor_n henry_n nor_o king_n vratislaus_n have_v ever_o any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o these_o territory_n this_o assignment_n of_o silesia_n occasion_v war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o polander_n the_o late_a whereof_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v conqueror_n since_o we_o read_v that_o the_o silesian_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o boleslaus_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o king_n son_n vladislaus_n ii_o be_v banish_v by_o his_o brother_n who_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o poland_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o who_o successor_n frideric_n i._o force_v king_n boleslaus_n iv_o to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n to_o this_o exile_a brother_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o vladislaus_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n boleslaus_n mieczislaus_n and_o conrade_n who_o be_v joint-dukes_n of_o silesia_n but_o pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o flock_v in_o of_o the_o german_n into_o silesia_n with_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o son_n and_o their_o settle_v themselves_o in_o this_o dukedom_n breed_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o bad_a blood_n betwixt_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o polander_n insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_v seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n to_o the_o general_a assembly_n or_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o that_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v they_o ever_o admit_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n though_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v elective_a they_o have_v often_o the_o just_a title_n to_o it_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n vii_o be_v a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o these_o dissension_n manage_v they_o so_o well_o to_o his_o own_o advantage_n that_o at_o last_o he_o become_v lord_n of_o silesia_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v with_o casimir_n the_o great_a king_n of_o poland_n however_o by_o this_o treaty_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v not_o make_v over_o to_o he_o for_o bernhard_n duke_n of_o sweidnitz_n still_o acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n as_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n prove_v out_o of_o several_a ancient_a record_n of_o that_o nation_n afterward_o casimir_n the_o great_a recover_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o wschovia_n contrary_a say_v curaeus_n to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n sign_v by_o he_o and_o the_o forementioned_a john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o conquest_n or_o rather_o outrage_n commit_v by_o the_o say_v casimir_n soldier_n in_o the_o year_n 1343_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v keep_v actual_a possession_n of_o wschovia_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n jagellonides_n iu._n john_n duke_n of_o oswiecieme_n venture_v upon_o a_o affront_n give_v he_o to_o invade_v poland_n and_o to_o lay_v waste_n several_a town_n and_o village_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o polander_n to_o make_v themselves_o satisfaction_n for_o this_o injury_n march_v into_o this_o duke_n territory_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o whole_a country_n before_o they_o until_o duke_n john_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v the_o business_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n resign_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o whole_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o oswieciem_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v that_o city_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n dominion_n in_o the_o year_n 1454._o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o ratibor_n and_o sessine_n make_v over_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sever_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o successor_n be_v lord_n of_o it_o to_o this_o day_n some_o other_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n do_v still_o belong_v to_o certain_a abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n but_o all_o the_o most_o note_a province_n except_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n of_o which_o in_o its_o place_n be_v reckon_v dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n upon_o which_o score_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o silesia_n this_o great_a dukedom_n be_v common_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a silesia_n diviâ—â—_n diviâ—â—_n in_o the_o former_a whereof_o be_v contain_v the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o jagerndorf_n troppau_n teschen_n ratibor_n and_o oppelen_n and_o in_o the_o late_a the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkau_n and_o neisse_n brieg_n bresslau_n oelss_o munsterberg_n schweidnitz_n javer_n lignitz_n glogau_n sagan_n and_o crossen_n another_o division_n of_o it_o be_v into_o the_o polish_v and_o german_n silesia_n whereof_o the_o first_o contain_v all_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o northern_a bank_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o late_a that_o on_o the_o southern_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v vast_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v that_o kingdom_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bohemia_n soil_n soil_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n sudetes_n or_o risen-bergen_a whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o bohemia_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n the_o four_o chief_a mountain_n be_v 1._o zottenberg_n or_o zobtenberg_n call_v by_o latin_a author_n mons_fw-la zotensis_n zabothus_n and_o sometime_o silensis_n or_o silentius_n it_o be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n be_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o schweidnitz_n call_v the_o silesian_n wethercock_n for_o by_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o pretend_v to_o guess_v what_o weather_n they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o next_o morning_n on_o the_o top_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n storm_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1471_o because_o it_o have_v be_v for_o several_a year_n the_o harbour_n and_o refuge_n of_o a_o great_a company_n of_o robber_n who_o here_o keep_v their_o rendezvous_n and_o daily_o infest_a the_o vicenage_n out_o of_o this_o hill_n the_o silesian_n dig_v a_o delicate_a dark-green_a marble_n 2._o gratsberg_n or_o grodisberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o duke_n frideric_n the_o first_o build_v a_o fair_a castle_n which_o be_v since_o turn_v into_o a_o watch-tower_n 3._o spitsberg_n another_o beacon-hill_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a 4._o georgenberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n famous_a for_o the_o strigische_n err_v or_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o hard_a earth_n with_o several_a white_a yellow_a and_o red_a stroke_n or_o vein_n in_o it_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v by_o a_o excellent_a chemist_n john_n montanus_n physician_n at_o strigaw_n and_o by_o he_o make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o antidote_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o poison_n and_o a_o sovereign_a medicine_n for_o a_o great_a many_o disease_n which_o he_o cure_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o facility_n the_o secret_a he_o keep_v for_o some_o year_n to_o himself_o but_o at_o last_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n and_o all_o mankind_n publish_v a_o
tract_n in_o latin_a contain_v its_o description_n and_o virtue_n the_o other_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o silesia_n rivers_n rivers_n it_o spring_v near_o the_o town_n oder_fw-ge not_o far_o from_o teschen_n on_o the_o border_n of_o moravia_n and_o pass_v by_o ratibor_n cossel_n oppelen_n brieg_n brieslaw_n glogaw_n beuthen_n and_o crossen_n with_o some_o more_o city_n of_o less_o note_n before_o it_o leave_v this_o dukedom_n other_o remarkable_a river_n be_v the_o bober_n neisse_n ohla_n and_o queiss_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o silesia_n that_o the_o vistula_n the_o best_a river_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o elb_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o mountain_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n good_a store_n of_o pond_n and_o lake_n which_o yield_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o lamprey_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o prodigious_a quantity_n in_o the_o neisslish_a sea_n and_o some_o other_o water_n other_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v mad_a â—â—moâ—â—ies_n â—â—moâ—â—ies_n flax_n sweet_a cane_n or_o galengal_n wine_n especial_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n and_o crossen_n silver_n copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chalk_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o some_o good_a salt_n though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o use_n so_o that_o daily_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o poland_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o wild_a and_o tame_a beast_n that_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afford_v butter_n cheese_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o pitiful_a stuff_n make_v of_o ewe_n milk_n bacon_n honey_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o great_a trade_v commodity_n they_o have_v be_v wool_n and_o flax._n silesia_n have_v breed_v several_a good_a scholar_n and_o brisk_a wit_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n though_o the_o ordinary_a rustic_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o people_n of_o a_o shallow_a understanding_n and_o small_a sense_n they_o be_v common_o in_o way_n of_o derision_n style_v by_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n eselsfresser_n or_o ass-eater_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o nickname_n some_o say_v be_v this_o a_o blunt_a country_n rustic_a travel_v from_o near_a breslaw_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n '_o spy_v in_o a_o field_n a_o ass_n feed_v which_o the_o poor_a fellow_n have_v never_o before_o see_v the_o like_a creature_n mistake_v unhappy_o for_o a_o overgrow_a hare_n whereupon_o discharge_v his_o blunderbuss_n he_o shoot_v the_o strange_a beast_n and_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v a_o pack_n of_o bumpkin_n of_o no_o long_a head_n than_o himself_o roast_a and_o eat_v up_o the_o outlandish_a puss_n this_o be_v the_o relation_n which_o the_o common_a people_n of_o silesia_n give_v of_o their_o title_n another_o story_n be_v that_o the_o miner_n at_o reichenstein_n not_o far_o from_o glatz_n have_v discover_v a_o vein_n of_o gold-ore_n which_o they_o name_v der_fw-mi guldener_n esel_n lay_v at_o it_o continual_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n shall_v share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o treasure_n and_o hence_o they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o ass-eater_n from_o stuff_v their_o purse_n and_o not_o their_o carcase_n but_o this_o late_a narrative_a may_n possible_o have_v be_v contrive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o silesian_n wit_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o wear_v off_o the_o disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n of_o the_o former_a some_o of_o they_o like_o the_o boar_n of_o italy_n and_o bohemia_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o reckon_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o snnset_a but_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n observe_v that_o method_n the_o lieutenantship_n of_o silesia_n be_v for_o some_o time_n commit_v to_o mathias_n corvinus_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o afterward_o be_v confer_v upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o breslaw_n until_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o decree_v that_o this_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a prince_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o subordinate_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a dukedom_n or_o county_n by_o the_o council_n chamber_n at_o prague_n to_o who_o be_v also_o commit_v at_o the_o the_o same_o time_n the_o supreme_a inspection_n into_o all_o lawcase_n and_o the_o different_a administration_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o each_o particular_a province_n christianity_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o poland_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o silesia_n religion_n religion_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o that_o great_a dukedom_n about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o part_n the_o polander_n and_o silesian_n be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o wood_n and_o other_o desert_n place_n of_o the_o land_n for_o fear_n of_o lay_v themselves_o too_o open_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n who_o be_v man_n of_o another_o persuasion_n but_o at_o last_o christianity_n be_v admit_v to_o court_n for_o mieceslaus_n duke_n of_o poland_n have_v marry_v drambronica_n daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n a_o christian_n be_v himself_o baptize_v at_o gnesna_n in_o the_o year_n 965._o whereupon_o he_o cause_v nine_o bishopric_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o his_o dominion_n among_o which_o one_o be_v found_v at_o schmogra_fw-la in_o silesia_n which_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o bitschen_n and_o at_o length_n fix_v at_o breslaw_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n begin_v by_o luther_n the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v bring_v hither_o and_o at_o last_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1609._o but_o ferdinand_n ii_o ah_o bloody_a persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n repeal_v that_o charter_n allow_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o and_o that_o too_o with_o several_a limitation_n and_o restriction_n however_o that_o emperor_n be_v sensible_a before_o his_o death_n how_o vain_a it_o be_v to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o protestant_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o year_n after_o groan_v under_o the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o his_o misguide_a zeal_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o silesian_n be_v at_o this_o day_n general_o lutheran_n only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o their_o dependent_n adhere_v still_o to_o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o romanist_n we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o vast_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a province_n which_o make_v up_o this_o large_a territory_n begin_v with_o i._o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silesian_n prince_n be_v dukedom_n dukedom_n by_o the_o subtlety_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n set_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o of_o which_o stratagem_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o silesia_n dominion_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1272_o the_o city_n of_o crossen_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o redeem_v within_o two_o year_n after_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n pawn_v it_o a_o second_o time_n to_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n for_o four_o thousand_o crown_n towards_o the_o ransom_n of_o their_o duke_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o marquis_n shall_v not_o give_v assistance_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o lignitz_n in_o his_o war_n against_o their_o city_n not_o long_o after_o crossen_n be_v again_o redeem_v out_o of_o the_o marquise_n hand_n but_o john_n the_o great_a common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cicero_n germanicus_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o lieu_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n owe_v he_o for_o his_o wife_n portion_n again_o john_n duke_n of_o sagan_n deliver_v up_o this_o dukedom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1391._o last_o joachim_n ii_o and_o his_o brother_n john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o bohemia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o elector_n have_v always_o enjoy_v it_o and_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o crossen_n in_o silesia_n crossen_n city_n city_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
moravia_n have_v write_v a_o particular_a treatise_n entitle_v historia_fw-la lapidum_fw-la &_o gemmarum_fw-la bohemiae_n to_o which_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o a_o further_a account_n of_o these_o rarity_n jasper_n and_o saphire_n they_o tell_v we_o be_v find_v near_o the_o source_n of_o the_o elb_n in_o the_o mountain_n before_o mention_v call_v by_o the_o bohemian_o krakonosse_n goldastus_n think_v the_o hermiones_n be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n a_o branch_n whereof_o he_o make_v the_o hermunduri_n who_o at_o first_o dwell_v among_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n but_o afterward_o descend_v low_a these_o people_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o land_n by_o the_o boii_n who_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n sigovesus_n nephew_n to_o ambigatus_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o celts_n micraelius_n a_o learned_a pomeranish_n historiographer_n believe_v these_o man_n be_v not_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o galli_n senones_n as_o most_o modern_a antiquary_n imagine_v but_o rather_o of_o the_o semnones_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n this_o people_n whensoever_o they_o come_v have_v about_o the_o year_n 600_o settle_v themselves_o in_o these_o part_n extirpate_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o hermiones_n so_o far_o as_o to_o call_v the_o land_n after_o their_o own_o name_n boien_n heimat_n or_o the_o dwelling-place_n of_o the_o boii_n which_o be_v in_o time_n corrupt_v into_o the_o modern_a german_a name_n boheim_n or_o boheimb_n about_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n the_o marcomanni_n or_o ancient_a moravian_o rush_v in_o upon_o the_o boii_n and_o so_o far_o overpower_a they_o as_o to_o make_v they_o quit_v their_o quarter_n and_o seek_v out_o a_o new_a habitation_n which_o they_o name_v boioaria_n and_o be_v now_o call_v bavaria_n however_o they_o be_v not_o so_o total_o rout_v but_o that_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o keep_v their_o old_a station_n and_o mix_v themselves_o with_o their_o conqueror_n as_o no_o question_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o hermiones_n and_o hermunduri_n have_v do_v with_o they_o before_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o call_v their_o country_n czechowe_v and_o themselves_o czechowsky_n and_o these_o word_n the_o hungarian_n and_o new_a greek_n make_v use_v of_o be_v utter_a stranger_n to_o the_o german_a name_n of_o boheimb_n and_o bohmische_n those_o among_o they_o that_o do_v allow_v of_o this_o latter_a name_n derive_v it_o from_o boy_n signify_v in_o their_o language_n war_n or_o buch_n that_o be_v god_n and_o muz_o i._n e._n man._n intimate_v that_o they_o be_v a_o valiant_a and_o pious_a people_n see_v the_o like_a fancy_n in_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n teutcsch_fw-mi and_o german_a p._n 5_o and_o 6._o answerable_a to_o this_o etymology_n of_o their_o name_n be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n manner_n manner_n if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o their_o own_o historian_n and_o some_o late_a traveller_n who_o have_v for_o some_o time_n converse_v with_o they_o and_o have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o observe_v their_o humour_n they_o be_v represent_v to_o be_v man_n of_o great_a hospitality_n and_o courage_n faithful_a observer_n of_o their_o promise_n and_o contract_n they_o be_v exceed_o give_v to_o ape_n the_o manner_n and_o fashion_n of_o foreigner_n according_a to_o the_o true_a character_n long_o since_o give_v of_o they_o eosdem_fw-la habet_fw-la cum_fw-la simia_fw-la mores_n ferox_fw-la bohemia_n quae_fw-la facta_fw-la viderit_fw-la facit_fw-la cultusque_fw-la priscos_fw-la abjicit_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o ingenuous_a fancy_n of_o the_o painter_n who_o have_v draw_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o most_o country_n in_o europe_n in_o their_o proper_a habit_n picture_v a_o bohemian_a naked_a with_o a_o web_n of_o cloth_n at_o his_o foot_n and_o all_o other_o requisite_n for_o the_o make_n up_o of_o a_o suit_n intimate_v that_o he_o can_v not_o tell_v what_o certain_a fashion_n to_o make_v his_o clothes_n on_o but_o leave_v it_o to_o himself_o to_o make_v they_o after_o the_o next_o new_a mode_n he_o shall_v fancy_v that_o small_a handful_n of_o man_n that_o zechus_n the_o slavonian_a commander_n bring_v into_o bohemia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o time_n for_o author_n can_v agree_v upon_o the_o year_n nor_o age_n in_o the_o four_o five_o or_o six_o century_n from_o who_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o love_v to_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n be_v a_o company_n of_o poor_a and_o honest_a people_n folk_n that_o have_v nothing_o themselves_o and_o want_v the_o knavery_n to_o rob_v those_o that_o have_v now_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o this_o state_n of_o innocence_n they_o have_v no_o need_n of_o magistrate_n nor_o law_n but_o live_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o sociable_a community_n and_o have_v their_o little_a all_o equal_o distribute_v among_o they_o in_o this_o condition_n they_o remain_v for_o some_o year_n after_o zechus_n death_n till_o the_o moravian_o and_o pannonian_n disturb_v their_o quiet_n and_o teach_v they_o the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o villainy_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v once_o initiate_v in_o wickedness_n they_o be_v force_v to_o take_v new_a measure_n and_o to_o think_v of_o constitute_v some_o chief_a magistrate_n to_o punish_v offender_n whereupon_o they_o pitch_v upon_o one_o crocus_n a_o old_a gentleman_n of_o a_o something_o long_a head_n as_o it_o be_v fancy_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o neighbour_n to_o be_v their_o governor_n they_o have_v not_o yet_o any_o write_a law_n among_o they_o but_o their_o judge_n for_o so_o crocus_n and_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n be_v style_v by_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n by_o the_o know_a custom_n of_o the_o land_n in_o extraordinary_a case_n which_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v decide_v by_o this_o sort_n of_o common_a law_n there_o sit_v on_o the_o bench_n with_o the_o judge_n for_o fear_n of_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a proceed_n if_o one_o man_n shall_v be_v invest_v with_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o pronounce_v sentence_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o senator_n or_o alderman_n who_o have_v definitive_a vote_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o with_o this_o kind_n of_o praetorian_a authority_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d justice_n be_v administer_v by_o crocus_n his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o his_o granddaughter_n libussa_n until_o primislaus_n who_o libussa_n have_v marry_v take_v upon_o he_o a_o more_o absolute_a command_n and_o get_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a this_o man_n be_v as_o florus_n say_v of_o lucins_n quinctius_n dictator_n ab_fw-la arato_fw-la a_o poor_a country-farmer_n who_o libussa_n advance_v out_o of_o the_o dirt_n to_o her_o own_o bed_n and_o therefore_o like_o the_o forementioned_a roman_a general_n know_v better_a how_o to_o keep_v the_o headstrong_a bohemian_o like_v so_o many_o ox_n under_o the_o yoke_n thus_o be_v the_o land_n govern_v by_o the_o child_n and_o successor_n of_o primislaus_n and_o libussa_n about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n until_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iv_o have_v call_v a_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o mentz_n create_v wratislaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n king_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n by_o settle_v with_o the_o pope_n permission_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n upon_o his_o head_n this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o year_n 1082_o though_o some_o will_v have_v it_o 1072._o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n always_o lie_v claim_n to_o the_o right_n of_o invest_v the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n as_o their_o vassal_n and_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o persuade_v the_o poor_a people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o rebel_v against_o any_o monarch_n though_o never_o so_o due_o elect_v into_o the_o throne_n who_o have_v not_o receive_v the_o regalia_z as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o badge_n of_o majesty_n at_o the_o emperor_n hand_n so_o that_o frideric_n v._o grandfather_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o father_n to_o our_o prince_n rupert_n be_v never_o like_v quiet_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n however_o just_o his_o pretension_n to_o it_o may_v be_v so_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n his_o competitor_n refuse_v to_o confirm_v he_o most_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v so_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o pick_v out_o of_o they_o a_o true_a register_n of_o the_o name_n of_o these_o prince_n the_o best_a account_n i_o know_v of_o which_o have_v be_v give_v of_o they_o be_v the_o ingenious_a paul_n stransky_n in_o his_o respublica_fw-la bojema_fw-la print_v at_o leyden_n 1643._o the_o present_a king_n be_v leopold_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o character_n must_v be_v reserve_v for_o another_o place_n the_o
schweinfurt_n which_o some_o geographer_n bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o principality_n schmalcad_n be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o principality_n but_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o now_o principatus_fw-la hennenbergensis_n comitatus_n wertheimici_n finitimarumqve_fw-la regionum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la exacta_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o wertheim_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tauber_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o main_a be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o good_a air_n the_o citizen_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o make_v wine_n live_v former_o in_o good_a credit_n till_o upon_o some_o disagreement_n between_o they_o and_o their_o earl_n who_o endeavour_v to_o reestablish_v popery_n in_o the_o town_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a poverty_n and_o strait_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o they_o have_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o recruit_v themselves_o to_o this_o day_n however_o they_o still_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o be_v zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o saint_n luther_n the_o county_n of_o wertheim_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a francia_n orientalis_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n main_a be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wurtzburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hohenloe_n and_o the_o palatinate_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o silua_fw-la ottonica_fw-la and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o large_a forest_n of_o speshart_n this_o province_n afford_v much_o more_o plenty_n of_o corn_n than_o the_o territory_n about_o francfurt_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inferior_a to_o those_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v here_o good_a store_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n for_o cattle_n which_o bring_v in_o yearly_a as_o great_a revenue_n as_o their_o best_a vineyard_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o be_v cloy_v with_o venison_n among_o the_o several_a village_n that_o have_v dependence_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n niclashausen_n niclashausen_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v niclashausen_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n and_o education_n of_o one_o john_n behaim_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o wurtzburg_n a._n d._n 1476._o the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o poor_a boar_n be_v melancholy_a and_o crack-brained_a fancy_v daily_o that_o he_o see_v in_o his_o melancholy_n and_o dumpish_a fit_n strange_a and_o terrible_a apparition_n one_o time_n the_o virgin_n marry_o forsooth_o among_o his_o other_o spiritual_a guest_n give_v he_o a_o visit_n and_o grow_v so_o familiar_a as_o to_o communicate_v to_o he_o several_a deep_a intrigue_n and_o secret_n the_o choice_a whereof_o be_v that_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o burgher_n of_o wertheim_n to_o show_v any_o manner_n of_o respect_n to_o their_o earl_n or_o inferior_a magistrate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v all_o as_o free_v and_o boundless_a as_o the_o river_n that_o water_v their_o country_n this_o be_v a_o plausible_a doctrine_n in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o need_v but_o little_a divine_a revelation_n to_o authorise_v it_o so_o that_o behaim_n have_v present_o more_o proselyte_n than_o all_o the_o preacher_n in_o the_o country_n and_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n have_v pervert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n have_v he_o not_o early_o be_v overpower_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o bishop_n force_n erpach_n norimberg_n hanaw_n etc._n etc._n be_v purposely_o omit_v in_o this_o place_n though_o part_n of_o franconia_n as_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o germany_n the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n die_v pfaltz_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n for_o this_o county_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o palatium_n name_n name_n whereof_o palatinus_n be_v only_o a_o adjective_n possessive_a now_o how_o palatium_n shall_v be_v a_o name_n give_v to_o a_o county_n or_o palatinus_n to_o a_o earl_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n treat_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nobility_n in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v only_o at_o this_o day_n two_o county_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o counties_n palatinate_n whereof_o one_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n and_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o elsewhere_o about_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o bound_n bound_n very_o little_a of_o the_o country_n about_o huydelberg_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o this_o neighbourhood_n be_v either_o imperial_a or_o subject_a to_o some_o other_o prince_n than_o the_o count_v palatine_n who_o be_v now_o by_o marriage_n conquest_n or_o purchase_n master_n of_o the_o land_n before_o the_o bohemian_a war_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o frideric_n count_n palatine_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o territory_n and_o revenue_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o make_v he_o more_o formidable_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o elector_n but_o such_o be_v his_o misfortune_n in_o those_o bloody_a engagement_n that_o he_o lose_v both_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n which_o he_o contend_v for_o and_o also_o all_o his_o own_o hereditary_a dignity_n and_o estate_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o the_o low_a conquer_a and_o subdue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o late_a count_n charles-ludowic_a son_n to_o the_o unfortunate_a king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v restore_v to_o some_o part_n of_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o these_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o be_v still_o like_a to_o be_v lessen_v by_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o french_a king_n this_o country_n be_v much_o the_o pleasant_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n soil_n soil_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o great_a wonder_n that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v in_o all_o age_n watch_v a_o opportunity_n of_o get_v it_o into_o their_o clutch_n the_o hill_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n which_o yield_v that_o rich_a liquor_n know_v all_o europe_n over_o by_o the_o name_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n the_o plain_n and_o valley_n afford_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o fruit_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o deer_n and_o other_o game_n the_o rhine_n pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o county_n give_v a_o fair_a advantage_n of_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o and_o import_v those_o of_o foreign_a nation_n the_o river_n rhine_n and_o neccar_n have_v store_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hill_n want_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n that_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v first_o conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o french_a of_o who_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o part_n but_o more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o moselle_n afterward_o when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lorraine_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n this_o territory_n become_v a_o share_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o be_v still_o possess_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o moselle_n as_o before_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o that_o family_n it_o fall_v under_o the_o more_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o for_o many_o good_a office_n do_v they_o be_v please_v to_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o elector_n palatine_a by_o the_o same_o mean_n they_o become_v master_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o extirpation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o schwaben_n the_o present_a elector_n palatine_n be_v count_n charles_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v bear_v on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1651_o and_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o electorate_v upon_o the_o late_a death_n of_o his_o father_n charles-ludowic_a a._n d._n 1680._o he_o be_v a_o pious_a and_o learned_a prince_n and_o tread_v much_o in_o the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n who_o possible_o be_v consider_v the_o trouble_n he_o have_v undergo_v as_o learned_a a_o prince_n as_o europe_n afford_v in_o his_o time_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n ancestor_n be_v say_v to_o have_v amount_v to_o 100000_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o imagine_v they_o to_o have_v be_v less_o when_o only_o the_o silver_n mine_n about_o amberg_n in_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n yield_v 60000_o crown_n a_o year_n and_o the_o passage_n over_o one_o bridge_n across_o the_o rhine_n bring_v in_o 20000_o more_o to_o which_o if_o