to be sold at 18 d. the Quart. Tho. Shafto executed at Wapping-dock being condemned by the Admiralty Jan. The Marquess of Bedmar Envoy from the King of Spain had Audience A Proclamation against Pyrats in America Duke of Berwick made Governour of Portsmouth F. A Proclamation against seditious Books Mar. Two Proclamations to forbid the English entring into foreign Service The Commissioners sate at Chelmsford to enquire after money levyed on Dissenters The Duke of Grafton arrived in the Downs Exeter new Charter brought down by the Mayor 1688. Apr. A Proclamation against exporting of Wool c. May An Order of Council signed by the Clerk of the Council for ordering the King's Declaration of Tolleration to be read in Churches on the 20th and 27th Instant being Sundays The King went to Chatham Chester Mail robbed night Coventry Captain Froud arrived at Plymouth from the West-Indies The Seir de Lente Envoy from the King of Denmark had his Audience of Congé Jun. The Archbishop of Canterbury and six Bishops more committed to the Tower for Petitioning the King not to reade the Declaration of Toleration in Churches Sir Roger Strickland with 20 Sail of Men of War in the Downs The Archbishop of Canterbury Bishops of St. Asaph Ely Chichester Bath and Wells Peterborough and Bristoll were brought to the King's-Bench Bar from the Tower where they were sent the 8th and arraigned tryed and acquitted the 29th of May Instant Prince and Princess of Denmark came from the Bath Appointed a Day of Thanksgiving for the Birth of the Prince of Wales that was said to be born on Thinity Sunday about 10 of the Clock in the morning Naples almost ruined by an Earthquake Seignior Garstorf Envoy from the King of Denmark had Audience Marquess Cattaneo Envoy from the Duke of Modena had Audience Seignior Zeuglestm Envoy from the Prince of Orange had Audience A Call of Sergeants viz. W. Leffant John Rotheram V. Denn Sol. Lovell Sir H. Chancy W. Moses H. Trinder H. Fuller and W. Tomson Tho. Jifford Mayor of Exeter Knighted The Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen went to kiss the hand of the young Prince of Wales the Recorder did present the Marchioness of Powis his Governerness with a Purse of Gold. July Thomas Elmes Esq Knighted Fire-works on the Thames for the Birth of the Prince of Wales James Duke of Ormond dyed in the 79th year of his Age at Kingston-Hall in Dorsetshire The King and Queen went to Windsor and went the third of August to Richmond and on the ninth to Whitehall Aug. The new Charter was brought to Newcastle upon Tyne Samuel Gerrard Esq Knighted The Mayor of Scarbrough tossed in a Blanket by a Captain that quartered in the Town Judge Allybone dyed Sep. Sir Robert Vyner dyed Sir John Shorter Lord mayor of London dyed and was buried the 12th at St. Saviour's in Southwark Belgrade taken by Storm by the German Forces Sir John Eyles sworn Lord Mayor of London Countess-Dowager of Feversham dyed at Tunbridge Lieutenant Coll. Beaumont Captain Paston and four Captains of the D. of Berwick's Regiment were at a Council of War at Windsor cashier'd for not admitting of Irishmen into their Companies Tho. Lane of St. Lawrence Lane Knighted Prince and Princess of Denmark came from Tunbridge Coll. Bevile Skelton Esq sent to the Tower. The King came from Windsor to Whitehall He went to Chatham The Queen and Prince of Wales came from Windsor to Whitehall The King's Declaration about the Parliament Sir Tho. Fitch that made Fleet-Ditch was buried at Eltham Came out the French King 's Memorials against the Pope and against the Emperour The King's Proclamation came out against the Dutch and the same day came out the King 's general Pardon The Bishop of London was restored Octob. The Charter of London restored by the Lord Chancellour and Sir W. Pritchard desired to take the Chair but he refused it The same day the general Pardon came out again with Alterations Sir J. Chapman sworn Lord Mayor of Lond. The Prince of Wales named at St. James's Chapel James-Francis-Edward A Proclamation and an Order of Council came out for restoring of Charters Liberties Rights and Franchises to all Corporations The Earl of Derby made Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and Lancashire The Prince of Orange set sail with 50 Capital Men of War 26 smaller 25 fire Ships 300 fly Boats Pinks c. for England but by a Storm that Night was driven back again The Birth of the Prince of Wales was examined before the Privy Council The Earl of Sunderland put out of the Council and Secretary of State. The Lord Viscount Preston made Secretary c. in his room Nov. The Prince of Orange set sail with the Fleet that he had put out on the 19th of Octob. with about 100 small Ships more than was then so here was 500. A Proclamation against the Prince of Orange's Manifesto The Dutch Fleet sailed by Dover and lost a small Vessel of about 100 men The Prince of Orange landed at Torbay nigh Dartmouth in Devon with the Dutch Army about 15000 men The Lord Lovelace and thirteen of his party were taken at Cyrencester as they were going to the Prince of Orange Dr. Lamplugh Bishop of Exeter having left Exeter on the Prince of Orange's coming came up to London and K. James made him Archbishop of York Eighteen Lords Spiritual and Temporal petition K. James for a Parliament The King went to Windsor in order to his Journey to Sarum K. James came from Sarum to Whitchall Coll. Bevile Skelton made Lieutenant of the Tower. An Order by K. James for a Parliament to sit Jan. 15. The French King's Ordinance for a War with the Dutch came out Dec. Dyed at St. James's the Countess Dowager of Ossory A false Allarm of an Irish Massacre in and about London which Allarm spread over all England The Rabble up in several places for several days pulling down Mass houses and Papist's houses among others great mischief done to the Spanish Ambassadour's It ceased Decemb 12. The Lord Chancellour Jeffreys taken in Wapping and sent Prisoner to the Tower of London The Lords publish an Order to keep London and Middlesex quiet The Lords and Citizens waited on the Prince of Orange at Henley with an Address K. James stopped in a Smack nigh Feversham in Kent with him the Earl of Peterborough Sir Ed. Hales c. Four Coaches were sent for him and on the 16th he came to Whitehall on the 18th he left Whitehall and went to Sir Richard Head's nigh Rochester on the 23d he withdrew for France The Prince of Orange came to Windsor The Duke of Grafton assaulted in the Strand at the head of his Regiment The person shot dead that assaulted him The Lords publish an Order for the quieting of the Irish The Prince of Orange came to St. James's and his Forces to London The Prince of Orange visited the Queen Dowager at Sommerset-house and this day the Prince and Princess of Denmark came to
Parliament the greatest of the Nobility wear the same Robes with Barons only the Dukes Marquesses c. wear more or less Furrs upon their Shoulders with some difference in the Furr that is set as Fringes or Edgings on their Robes and take place according to their Dignity of which more particularly anon Besides it is observable that in Cases criminal all Degrees of Nobility are tryed by Barons as well as those of their own Dignity or Degree as their Peers and Barons are tryed by Nobles of a higher Degree as well as those of their own as in all such Cases is well known It may be here noted That no English man receiving any Title of Honour from a foreign Prince can use the same in England But if he have no other Title from the King must in all judicial proceedings be named by his name of Baptism and Sirname excepting only the Honour of Knight-hood which is to be born in all places And this is the same in Scotland or Ireland as well as in other Lands CHAP. II. Of the King's Most Excellent Majesty THe Title used by the Kings of England as those of France and Spain and some few others is Dei Gratiâ which is to be understood simply as having his Authority from none but God he is styled Deffender of the Faith which was antiently used by the Kings of England but Anno. 1521. confirmed to them by a Bull from Pope Leo the 10th in King Henry the 8th's time and by Act of Parliament made Supreme Head of the Church of England and he as all other Kings writes in the plural Number The Ceremonies at our King's Coronation are more than are used in many other Countreys as the Annointing with Oil which is said by some to be of a thousand years standing and hath a Priest's Garment called a Dalmatica or Colobium put on him to shew he is both King and Priest He hath an Emperial Crown set upon his Head at his Coronation by the Archbishop of Canterbury which is a peculiar Prerogative belonging to that See. The King hath also many other emblematical Ensigns and Ceremonies at his Coronation which hath these following proper Significations 1. At his Coronation first he hath the Priest's Garment or Dalmatica put upon him to shew his Power in the Church 2. He is annointed with Oil to shew his Person is Sacred on the Head to shew Glory on the Breast to signifie Sanctity on the Arms to emblemize Power His Ensigns of Regality are these 1. In his Right-hand is a Sceptre to shew Justice 2. In his Left-hand a Globe with a Cross on it called a Mound used ever since Edward the Confessour signifying that the Faith of Christ is to be owned throughout his Empire 3. A Ring is put on his Finger whereby he is wedded to his People and denotes Faithfulness 4. He hath a Bracelet put on his Hand the Emblem of good Works 5. A Sword is born before him to signifie Vengeance 6. He hath purple Robes to attract Reverence 7. On his Head he weareth a Diadem Triumphant to blazon his Glory in which Diadem some take notice of twelve precious Stones and shew their Significations as followeth 1. Say they the first is a Tophaz whose Rays seem to partake of the Colours of most sorts of precious Stones by which the King is warned to exercise all Vertues 2. A Smaragd or Emrauld of a pure green and shews that Justice is an ornament for a King. 3. A Sardick whose Colour is like red Clay it is in the top of the Crown whereby the King is put in mind that though he be the highest yet he is but Clay 4. A Crysolite which shineth like Gold sending forth as it were flames this exhorteth the King to shew Wisdom and Prudence in his Actions 5. A Chalcedon which is strong and hard by Nature and sheweth that the King should be of Fortitude and courage of Mind 6. An Hyacinth which shews like Water when the Sun shineth upon it it teacheth Temperance c. 7. A Jasper of a dark Grass-green and teacheth the King to provide more for his Peoples Sustenance than his own 8. A Chrysoprasus whose Colour is like Gold somewhat mixed with green thereby advising the King to Wisdom and to aspire to heavenly things 9. A Berill of a pale Green shewing that a Prince ought to have heavenly Contemplation and to abhor Epicurism 10. A Sapphir of a light Blew it instructeth the King to Continency and Chastity 11. There is an Amethyst of a purple or Violet Colour advising the King to a faithfull Discharge of his Royal Function and so give a good Example to his People 12. The Last is a Sardonyx which is black at bottom red in the midst and white above and sheweth a King ought to be Charitable Humble and Sincere The Imperial Crown hath not been long in use with us for formerly the King wore a Coronet composed of Spires or points untill Henry the 3d. who first wore the Imperial Diadem There are twelve Days which are called the twelve Houshold or Offering Days on which the Nobles attending at Court and Knights of the Garter wear their Robes and the Besant is given to the Lord Steward the Days are as followeth On these four Days the King offers Gold which is given by one of the White-staff Officers viz. 1 Christmas Day 2 Easter Day 3 Whitsunday 4 All Saints Day These two Days the King offers Gold Myrrh and Frankincense 1 New Years Day 2 Epiphany On the Six Days following the King offers only Gold 1 The Purification 2 The Anunciation 3 The Ascention-Day 4 Trinity Sunday 5 Midsummer-Day 6 Michaelmas-Day The King's Collar Days without offering are the Sundays and Hollydays in the twelve Days of Christmas all the Apostles and Evangelists Days the Coronation Day the King's Birth Day the 5th of November St. George's Day Monday and Tuesday in Easter Week Monday and Tuesday in Whitsun Week CHAP. III. Of the Prince THe King 's Eldest Son and Heir Apparent from the Day of his Birth is entituled Prince of Wales and since the happy Union of the Kingdoms his Title hath been Magnae Britanniae Princeps but he is usually called by the former Title of Prince of Wales He is as the King 's eldest Son by his Birth Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester and as Eldest Son to the King of Scotland he is Earl of Rothsay and Senchall of Scotland from his Birth but he is created Prince of Wales At his Creation he is presented before the King in Princely Robes who putteth a Coronet of Gold upon his Head a Ring on his middle Finger a Verge of Gold into one Hand and his Letters Patents after they are read into the other Hand His Mantle which he wears in Parliament is doubled with five Doublings upon his Shoulder and his Cap of State is indented at Bottom His Coronet formerly was composed of Crosses and and Flower-de-luces mixed but since
Right Honourable Truly Noble Potent Lord c. He may have a Traverse in his House except in his Superiour's presence his Wife may have her Train born up by a Woman out of her Superiours presence in their presence by a Man. CHAP. VIII Of Barons or Lords which are Spiritual and Temporal THe next and lowest Degree of Nobility is that of a Baron which is twofold Lords Spiritual and Temporal but first of the Lords Spiritual or Bishops § 1. By Lords Spiritual are meant only the Suffragan Bishops for the Archbishops are accounted of the prime Nobility of the Kingdom of which we have two viz. of Canterbury and York 1. The Archbishop of Canterbury had formerly great Honour so that no Legate or Nuntio from Rome could exercise any Legantine Power without the King 's special License else he was accountable to the Archbishop of Canterbury In General Councils he had place before all Archbishops at the Pope's right Foot and at home was reputed the second Person in the Kingdom or first Peer of the Realm having Precedency of all Dukes not of the Royal Bloud and of all the great Officers of State. He hath Power to summon the Archbishop of York and the Bishops of his Province to a National Synod He is styled even by the King by the Grace of God and writes himself by Divine Providence as doth the Archbishop of York whereas other Bishops write by Divine Permission He hath the Title of Grace given him as Dukes have and of most Reverend Father in God and Metropolitan of all England The Coronation of the King hath anciently belonged to him it being resolved that wheresoever the Court was the King and Queen were the proper and Domestical Parishioners of the Archbishop of Canterbury The Bishop of London is accounted his Provincial the Bishop of Winchester his Chancellour and the Bishop of Rochester his Chaplain He hath under his Jurisdiction twenty one Suffragan Bishops seventeen in England and four in Wales His Clergies Tenths are 65.1 l. 18 s. 2¼ d. his Archbishoprick is valued in the King's Book at 2816 l. 17 s. 9¼ d. He may qualifie and retain eight Chaplains which is two more than a Duke may 2. The Archbishop of York pretended anciently to have all the Bishops of Scotland under his Inspection and that they should receive their Consecration from him and swear Canonical Obedience to his See he is allowed to write himself Metropolitan of England but not of All England as Canterbury doth but at length the Bishops of Scotland would not acknowlege any such Power to him and disowned all Obedience to him and had Archbishops of their own Anno 1466. leaving him in England but four Bishops His Bishoprick is now valued at 1609 l. 19 s. 2 d. And the Tenths of the Clergy to 1113 l. 17 s. 9 d. 10 b. 1. qu. he hath Precedency before all Dukes not of the Royal Bloud and before all great Officers of State except the Lord Chancellour or Lord Keeper He hath the Title of Grace and most Reverend Father in God and he writeth by Divine Providence He hath the Honour to crown the Queen and to be her perpetual Chaplain and hath great Privileges only Durham hath a peculiar Jurisdiction exempt from the See of York Having made this Digression we come next to speak of the Suffragan Bishops who though they have some peculiar Precedencies amongst themselves yet in general they are esteemed as Barons and from thence have the names of Lords Spiritual In their own Courts they have power to judge and pass Sentence alone and therefore they send forth their Writs in their own name and not in the King 's In whatever Princes Dominions they are their Episcopal Dignity and Degree is owned In Parliament they Vote in all things except in matter of Life and Limb. They have the Title of Lord are styled Right Reverend Fathers in God and write by Divine Permission They may qualifie 6 Chaplains which are as many as a Duke and are Barons and Peers of the Realm And as Spiritual Barons precede all under the Degree of a Viscount and are placed on the King 's Right Hand in Parliament All Church-men are prohibited the wearing of Swords and a Priest the Order of Knighthood § 2. Of Barons Temporal We may observe that the word Baron is variously derived some from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 some from Baro which is the same with Vir in Latine and with Varon in the Spanish so that Baron signifies a notable or principal man thus anciently the Burgesses of London were called Barons as those of the Cinque-Ports now are but leaving the Name to speak of the Person a Baron the Archbishops excepted is a Dignity next to a Viscount and though according to Cambden they are not by our Common Laws allowed to be of the Degree of Nobility yet this of a Baron may be by Tenure for the Title of Baron by Patent which is under the Broad-Seal of England is Status Gradus Dignitas and being by the King 's Writ summoned as Members of the higher House of Parliament they are thereby made Nobles and Peers of the Realm As they are Barons without any other Distinction they wear a Coronet by the Ordinance of King Charles the 2d having six Balls or Pearls set close to the Border at equal distance and have their peculiar Parliament Robes which have two doublings of white Furr Thus far of Noble Men. CHAP. IX Of Noble Women and first of the Queen THere are three sorts of Queens 1. A Queen-Sovereign to whom the Crown descends by Birth-right and is equal in Power to a King if she marry she is Sovereign to her Husband and he her Subject in England though he be an Emperour 2. The Queen-Consort She hath very great Privileges and the Laws set so high a value on her as to make it High Treason to conspire her Death or violate her Chastity her Robes are the same with a Sovereign Queen She sits in State by the King keeps her Court and hath the same General Officers as the King hath though she be an Alien she needs no Act of Parliament to natralize her the Crown taking away that defect She hath the same Honour performed to her that the King hath as well from Foreigners as Subjects 3. The Queen-Dowager She hath the same Honour done to her also and takes place next the Queen-Consort nor doth she lose her Title of Queen though she marry a private Gentleman as Queen Katharine Widow to Henry the 5th who though she married Owen Tudor Esq yet she maintained her Action at Law as Queen of England So in King Edward the 6th's Time Sir Thomas Seymer Lord high Admiral having married the Queen Dowager to Henry the 8th she denied Precedency to her Sister in Law the Lord Protectour's Wife as belonging to her as Queen which was aggravated so high that it proved the untimely Deaths of those two famous Men. The King's
upon St. George's Day and when it shall please the Sovereign to celebrate the Ceremonies of the Installment at their Feast and on the King 's Offering days if in Court and have no other Title of Honour To each Knight belongs a Collar of the Order made of pure Gold weighing 30 Ounces Troy composed of Garters and Roses enemalled Red and White since Henry 7th and since the Union of the Kingdoms mixed with Thistles which Collar hath the Image of St. George set with precious Stones appendent and worn over all their Robes at St. George's Feast and over their Cloaks or Coats on the King 's Offering days they take place according to the Seniority of their Installment and if they have no other Titles which is very rare they succeed Barons Their Officers are a Prelate which is allways the Bishop of Winchester a Chancellor a Register a King at Arms and an Usher called the Black Rod which was added by Henry 8th CHAP XII Of Knights Bannerets THese are called by some Equites Vexillarii or Cheviliers a Banier and is a most ancient Order being instituted by King Edward the first and always conferred upon the most deserving men for their signal Valour who in process of time as some say obtained the Names of Barons and were admitted into the Peerage and their Heirs enjoyed their Titles But certain it is they always retained some Ensigns of Honour equal to the Nobility being allowed to bear Arms with Supporters which none under the Degree of a Baron are to doe They take place before the younger Sons of Viscounts and Baronets and are of such esteem that divers Esquires and Knights Bachelors have served under them This Order in France was Hereditary but with us it is only for Life to the meritorious Person yet esteemed as a Glory and Honour to the Family The Ceremonies of their Creation is most Noble the King or his General if the King be not present after a Victory obtained doth at the Head of the Army drawn up in Battalia under his Royal Standard attended with all his Nobles and Field Officers receive the Person to be Knighted led between two renowned Knights or men at Arms having his Pennion of Arms in his Hand and before him the Hearalds who proclaim his valiant Atchievement for which he is counted worthy to be made a Knight Banneret and to display his Banner in the Field Then the King saith unto him advances toy Banneret and then he causeth the point of his Pennion to be rent off Then the new Knight having the Trumpets sounding the Nobles and Officers accompanying him he is attended to his Tent where they are nobly treated A Banneret thus made may bear his Banner displayed in the Royal Army and set his Arms thereon with Supporters as Nobles doe The last of this Order was Sir John Smith so made after Edg-hill-Fight for his valiant rescuing the King's Standard from the Rebels CHAP. XIII Of Baronets THis is the lowest Degree of Hereditary Honour and in that case succeeds Barons It was Instituted anno 1611. in the 9th of King James the First They are created by Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England to him and to his Heirs Males yet sometimes it may be otherwise entailed but this is rare and must be inserted in the Patent The Intention of this Order was for the propagating a Plantation in the Province of Vlster in Ireland towards which they were to lend their Aid or maintain 30 Soldiers each for 3 Years in Ireland after the rate of 8d per Day They have Precedency of all Knights except those of the Garter Knights Bannerets and Knights being privy Counsellors In all Writs Commissions c. they are are styled Baronets and the Title of Sir added to their Names and of Lady to their Wives They take place according to the Priority of the Date of their Patents unless the King insert a Clause to the contrary which is very rare Those admitted are to be of good Reputation and whose Grand father at least by the Father's Side bore Arms and he must be of the yearly Estate of 1000 l. de claro They or their eldest Son may receive the Order of Knight-hood at the age of 21 Years and they shall bear on a Canton or on an Escoucheon which can be best placed on their Arms the Arms of Vlster Argent a Sinister Hand in Pale Couped at Wrist Gules In the Royal Army they have place in the Gross near the Royal Standard and are allowed some peculiar Solemnities for their Funerals CHAP XIV Of the Knights of the Bath THey are called Knights of the Bath from the manner of their Creation and also Knights of the Holy Trinity from the Medal which they wear which is three Crowns with an Inscription about it which was formerly Tria Numina juncta in Vno But at King James the First his Coronation the word Numina was left out and so it alluded to the three Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland which were then joyned in one They are usually made at the Coronation of a King or Queen and at the Creation of a Prince or Duke of the Royal Bloud as at the Creation of Henry Prince of Wales and Charles Duke of York These Knights saith Froysard as quoted by Bloom were first created in Anno. 1399. but Elias Ashmole Esq thinks them more ancient and that Henry IV. who was then King did not constitute but rather restore the ancient manner of making Knights and made it peculiar to the Knights of the Bath which hath continued so ever since They are assigned no Statues neither are they to wear their Robes but upon the time of Solemnity except a red Ribbon worn cross their left Shoulder as those of the Garter do a Blew with a Medal above mentioned and upon a Vacancy their number which is uncertain is not supplied They are created with many and Noble Ceremonies and have had Princes and the prime of the Nobility of their Order The principal Ceremonies are these The Person is first sent for by the King and at his coming to Court the King usually Knights him with the Sword of State where he is honourably received by the chief Officers and Nobles of the Court and hath two Esquires to wait upon him and convey him to the Chamber appointed and see him no more that day where he is entertained with Musick then a Bath is prepared by a Barber who is to trim him and then the King is informed that he is ready for the Bath then is he instructed by the most grave Knights in the Order and Fees of Chivalry the Musick all the while playing at the Door then they undress him and put him naked into the Bath at which time the Musick ceases and one of the grave Knights saith to him Be this an honourable Bath to thee From the Bath he is conveyed to his Bed which is plain without Curtains c. as soon as he is dry
Britain's Glory AND ENGLAND'S BRAVERY Wherein is shewed The Degrees of Honour from the Prince to the Peasant with the Honour of the Nobles and Previleges of the Commons the proper Places and Precedency of all Persons from the Throne to the Bondman more particularly in Coronations Processions Feasts Funerals and other great Assembly As also Honour of Arms Power of Heralds Signification of Charges in Coat-Armour with an Armorial Dictionary explaining the Terms of Heraldry And an account of all the Orders of Knighthood in Christendom and of the Weights and Measures of England To Which is added A Continuation of the Historian's Guide from November 1687. where the Third and Last Impression ends to June 1689. Being the Collections and Observations of Benjamine Smithurst LONDON Printed for William Crook at the Green-Dragon without Temple-Bar near Devereux-Court 1689. A TABLE TO Britain's Glory c. CHAP. I. OF the Distinction of Titles page 1 The Name of Gentleman in general Of the King. Nobles Commons CHAP. II. Of the King's Most Excellent Majesty 4 Coronation Anointing Sceptre Globe Ring Bracelet Sword. Robes Diadem and the Stones Crown Offering days Collar days CHAP. III. Of the Prince pag. 9 Of the King's Child en CHAP. IV. Of Dukes 10 CHAP. V. Of Marquesses 13 CHAP. VI. Of Earls 14 CHAP. VII Of Viscounts 15 CHAP. VIII Of Barons Spiritual and Temporal 16 CHAP. IX Of Noblewomen 20 Queen-Sovereign Queen-Consort Queen-Dowager Princesses Dames Gentlewomen Alien women CHAP. X. Of Injuries to Noblemen 23 CHAP. XI Knight of the Garter 24 The Names of the Knights 1685. The Names of the Knights 1689. CHAP. XII Knights Bannerets 29 CHAP. XIII Knights Baronets 31 CHAP. XIV Knights of the Bath 33 CHAP. XV. Knights Bachelours 37 Degrading of Knights CHAP. XVI Knights of the Round Table 41 Other Orders of Knighthood viz. Knights of St. Andrew or the Thistle in Scotland 42 Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 44 Hospitallers ib. Templers 45 St. Lazarus in Jerusalem 46 St. Bass or St. Bassil 47 St. Katharine at Mount Sinai ib. The Martyrs of Palestine ib. Oak in Navarre 48 Lilly of Navarre ib. Band in Spain 49 Dove in Castile ib. Fish Scale in Castile ib. Lilly in Aragon 50 Mountjoy ib. Acon or Acress ib. St. James in Galiciâ— 51 St. Saviours in Aragon ib. St. Julian or of Alcantara 52 Callatrava in Castile ib. Tuxillo or Trugillo ib. Our Lady and St. George ib. St. Mary de Merced in Aragon 53 Rosary in Toledo ib. Golden Fleece 54 D'Avis ib. St. Michael's Wing 55 St. James 55 Knights of Christ 56 Jesus Christ in France ib. Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel 57 St. Michael ib. Holy Ghost 58 The Gennet 59 Crown Royal. ib. Lady of the Star. 60 Thistle of Bourbonne ib. The Porcupine 61 Cressants of Anjou ib. Ermin in Bretaigne ib. St. Mary the Glorious of Italy 62 Holy Ghost at Rome ib. Angelick of St. George 63 St. Peter at Rome ib. St. George at Rome 64 Pius at Rome ib. Loretto at Rome ib. Glorious Virgin Mary at Rome ib. Jesus now at Rome 65 De la Calza in Venice ib. St. Mark in Venice 66 St. George at Genoa ib. Pretious Bloud of our Saviour Jesus Christ at Mantua 67 St. Stephen of Florence ib. Knot in Naples 68 Argonaute of Naples ib. Ermin in Naples ib. Annunciation in Savoy 69 Knights of St. Maurice 70 St. Maurice and St. Lazarus 71 Bear in Switzerland ib. Tutonick Order of Prusia 72 Gereon in Germany 73 St. George in Austria ib. St. Michael the Archangel ib. St. Anthony in Haynault 74 Tusin Order in Bohemia ib. St. Hubert in Gulick 75 St. James in Holland ib. St. Brice ib. The Seraphim 76 Aramanta ib. Elephant in Denmark ib. Of Christ or Sword in Livonia 77 White Eagle in Poland ib. Dragon in Hungary ib. Sword in Cyprus 78 St. Anthony in Aethiopia ib. Burgundian Cross in Tunis 79 Broom-Flower in France ib. Ship in France 80 CHAP. XVII Esquires ib. CHAP. XVIII Gentlemen 82 By Ecclesiastical Preferment 86 By Military Profession ib. In the Civil State 87 CHAP. XIX Yeomen 90 CHAP. XX. Artificers and Labourers 92 CHAP. XXI Precedency 93 CHAP. XXII Procession at a Coronation 98 CHAP. XXIII Proceeding on the Coronation day 102 CHAP. XXIV King 's going to Parliament in State 105 CHAP. XXV Coronation-Feasts 107 CHAP. XXVI Royal Feast at other times the K. present 111 CHAP. XXVII Funerals 112 CHAP. XXVIII Proceeding of the Funeral of a Gentleman Esquire Knight or Baronet 114 CHAP. XXIX Precedency of a Nobleman's Funeral from a Duke to a Baronet 115 CHAP. XXX Heralds and their Duty 116 CHAP. XXXI Heraldry 121 CHAP. XXII Ordinaries 126 Charges Common 132 CHAP. XXXIII Abatements 152 CHAP. XXXIV Points in an Escoucheon 156 Terms of Art explained 157 Weights and Measures 169 Brittain's Glory WHEREIN Is shewed the Degrees of Honour from the Prince to the Peasant the Honour of the Nobles and the Privileges of the Commons c. CHAP. I. Of the Distinction of Titles THe Name Gentleman is of such account that it is given as a proper Title to all persons from the King to the lowest Degree of those that bear Coat-Armour and also to many who though they can claim no Right to the Bearing of Coat Armour yet claim a Right to the Title of Gentleman by virtue of the Place or Office which they hold But as in the Body Natural the Members are disposed to several Offices for the preservation of the whole so in the Body Politick a Distinction of persons is accounted necessary for the preservation of the whole and such is the Policy of this Realm especially that for the better Government thereof they have made a threefold Division of persons viz. Sovereign Nobles and Commons 1. The King is our Sovereign Monarch under which name a Sovereign Queen is comprehended 2. Under the Name of Nobles are comprehended the Prince Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscounts and Barons called Lords Spiritual and Temporal 3. By the Commons are understood the Knights of the Garter if no otherwise dignified Knights Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Knights Bachelours Esquires and Gentlemen together with Yeomen Artificers and Labourers And though our Law doth not call any man Noble under the Degree of a Baron yet many there be which make a Distinction between Nobiles Majores which is from the Prince to the Baron and Nobiles Minores which includes all from under a Baron to the Gentleman and leaves the rest to be called Commons When we say the Nobles of the Land the King is not comprehended by the Common Law he being the Fountain of all Nobility but is by the Civil Law. The Nobility are known by the name of the Peers of the Realm or Barons of England for anciently the Dukes Marquesses Earls and Viscounts did sit together in the King 's great Counsel of Parliament as Barons by which is understood the whole Body of the Nobility and though there be different Robes worn at their Creation yet in
the happy Restauration it was solemnly ordered that the Son and Heir Apparent to the Crown of England should bear his Coronet of Crosses and Flower-de-luces with one Arch a Ball and Cross thereon as the King 's By Order of Common Law the King might levy a reasonable Aid of his Subjects for the Knighting his Eldest Son at the Age of fifteen years and to marry his Daughter at seven years which Aid was twenty Shillings for every Knight's Fee and as much for every twenty pounds per Annum in Soccage but this is now laid aside CHAP IV. Of Dukes THe Title and Degree of Duke hath been of more ancient standing in the Empire and some other Nations than in England for the first English Duke was Edward the Black Prince who was created Duke of Cornwall Anno. 1337. by which Creation the eldest Son of the King is Duke of Cornwall from his Birth or his Father's coming to the Crown A Duke takes his Name à Ducendo from Leading being at first a Leader of the Royal Army but now it is a Title given by Kings to Persons of high Bloud and excellent Merit and at this day the Sovereign Princes of some Countries are called Dukes as of Moscovoy Savoy Florence Saxony c. At their Creation they have two Ensigns of Honour and so have most other Noble men to signifie their Duty First their Heads are adorned with a Chapeau or Head Attire of Scarlet Colour doubled or lined with Ermin And Secondly a Sword which is girt about him which shews his readiness to serve and defend his Prince his Mantle over his shoulders is guarded with four guards or Folds of Ermin his Coronet is of Gold set round with Leaves the Cap is of Crimson but not indented as the Prince's is unless he be of the Bloud Royal and his Verge is of Gold Dukes of the Bloud Royal have their Coronet's composed of Crosses and Flower de-luces and are reputed as Arch-Dukes A Duke tantum or no more but Duke takes place before Marquess and Earl but if a Duke be Marquess and Earl or either of them then he shall take place before such Duke tantum Note Dukes Marquesses and Earls at their Creation are girt with a Sword or else it is put over their Shoulders which Viscounts and Barons have not A Duke out of the King 's or Prince's presence may have a Cloth of State hanging down within half a yard of the Ground his Duchess may have the same and her Train born up by a Baroness No Earl without Permission ought to wash with a Duke Dukes Eldest Sons by the Courtesie of England are from their Birth styled Marquesses and the younger Sons Lords and and take place of Viscounts but not so privileg'd by the Laws of the Land. A Duke hath the Title of Grace being written unto he is styled Most High Most Noble and Potent Prince also Right Noble Dukes of the Bloud are styled Most High Most Mighty and Illustrious Princes The Ceremonies at his Creation are these He hath his Sur-coat and Hood and is led between two of the Noblest Persons present not being above him a little before him on the Right-hand goeth an Earl with the Cap of State and Coronet on it on the other side an Earl with the Verge Just before him one of the greatest Estate as Marquess c. bearing his Sword and before him an Earl bearing his Mantle and Robe of State all which Nobles must be in their Robes His Title is proclaimed twice and Largus thrice His Honour is Hereditary as is all the Nobles unless otherwise Provided in their Patent which is rare Lastly a Duke may constitute six Chaplains CHAP. V. Of a Marquess A Marquess by the Saxons called Marken Reeve i. e. a Governor or Ruler of the Marches hath the next place of Honour to a Duke This Title came in first by Richard the 2d who created Robert Vere Marquess of Dublin whereas before they that governed the Marches were entituled Earl of March which Marches were those Grounds between England and Wales and are now reduced into the Counties and Shires of Monmouth Brecknock Radnor Denbigh and Mountgomery At his Creation he is honoured with a Coronet of Gold composed of a Strawberry Leaf and a Point pearled of equal hight round his Mantle hath three folds or doublings and a half his Eldest Son is by Courtesie called Earl or Lord of his Father's Title his younger only Lord John Thomas or the like His Title is Most Noble Most Honourable and Potent Prince If the King Prince or a Duke be absent he may have a Cloath of State to reach within a yard of the Ground his Marchioness may have her Train born up by a Knight's Lady in her own house but not in the presence of a Duchess his eldest Son shall wear as many powderings as an Earl but must give place to an Earl and his Wife to a Countess but may sit above all Marquess Daughters the Eldest whereof is born Countess and the rest Ladies At his Creation he must have his Surcoat and Hood He is led by Marquesses his Sword Cap c. are born by Earls CHAP VI. Of an Earl. THE Dignity of an Earl is either local or personal local as from some place as Oxford c. or personal as Earl Marshal Earl Rivers c. Hugh Lupus was the first Hereditary Earl Anno 1067. made so by William the First who created him Earl of Chester and gave him Jura Regalia within the said County An Earl is created by Letters Patents and adorned with a Cap of Honour and a Coronet of Gold composed of Leaves and Points pearled the Leaves lower than the Points He hath his Hood Surcoat and Mantle of State with three Guards of Furr being Ermin upon his Shoulders though some say it ought to be white he is girt with a Sword also When the King writes to a Duke Marquess or Earl he styles them Cosins though of no Kin. Formerly they had the Title of Prince but now it is Most Potent and Noble Lord Right Honourable Truly Noble c. Out of his Superiour's presence he may have a Cloth of State fringed but without Pendents his Wife may have her Train born by an Esquire's Wife but not in the presence of a Marchioness CHAP. VII Of a Viscount THe next Degree of Honour is a Viscount formerly a name of Office under an Earl who being the immediate Officer of the King in the County and his personal Attendence at Court often required he had his Deputy to look after the Affairs of the County which Office is now called Vice-comes or Sheriff but in the 18th of Henry VI. it became a Degree of Honour conferred upon John Beaumont by Letters Patents as all since are He hath his Surcoat and Mantle which hath two Guards and an half of white Fur His Coronet is set round with Pearls or Balls close to the Ring without number but close together He hath the Title of
Daughters are all Princesses the Eldest is called the Princess Royal and her Royal Highness All Noble Mens Baronets and all Knights Wives are in Writings called Dames whence comes the name Madam Esquires and Gentlemens Wives are called Gentlewomen Noble Women are so either by Descent Creation or Marriage all which shall remain Noble although they marry under their Degree If a Gentleman or a Peer marry a Wife of ignoble Birth she shall enjoy the Title and Dignity of her Husband all her Life but it is by the Courtesie not by the Law of England to give it her after her Husband's Death If a Woman of Bloud marry a mean Person he is not at all advanced but she shall retain her own Honour and if she be an Heiress and have a Child by such ignoble Person her Son may bear her Coat Armour but this is disputed by many and denied by some yet there are Examples of it but are too long to recite here An Alien Woman married to a Peer can have no privilege by her Husband unless she be naturalized The King may create any Woman to any Title of Honour by Letters Patents to them and their Heirs which Heirs shall enjoy all the Titles and Honours due to their Mothers as if she be a Duchess he shall be a Duke c. and many Men have claimed Titles of Honour and Dignity in Right of the Wives by marrying the Sole Heiress of a Noble-man who had those Honours And the Children of those persons so claiming have enjoyed the said Titles in right of their Mothers but if they have no Children the Husband loseth the Title CHAP. X. Of Injuries done to Noble Men. THus far briefly of the several Degrees of Noble Men of whom the Laws of this Land are so carefull as to make provision in a most especial manner to preserve their Honour and Reputation indempnified and therefore in the 2d of Ric. II. Chap. 1. it is enacted That all spreaders of false and reproachfull Words and Lyes against the Nobility Prelates and great Men in publick Offices the offender shall incurr the Punishment ordained by the Statute of Westminster Chap. 33. which ordains That the offender be imprisoned untill he have found the first reporter And in the 12th of Rich. II. Chap. 12. it is enacted That if the Offender doth not or cannot find the first reporter then he shall be punished by Advice of the Council In the first and second of Philip and Mary it was enacted That the Justices of the Peace in the Shire County City or Town Corporate shall have full Power to hear and determine the Causes abovesaid and that besides such Penalties as shall be inflicted by such Justices c. on the offender every Noble Man Prelate or great Officer against whom such scandalous Words false News or Lyes are spread or spoken may prosecute the offender in an Action of Scandalum Magnatum and recover Damages If any Noble Man or Gentleman's Coat-Armour or Sword c. at the solemnizing of his Funerals be set up in the Church for the Honour of the Deceased and is by the Incumbent or any other taken down by pretence of Right as Offerings due to him or if they be otherwise defaced by any other Person he or they may be punished as Malefactours but the Action must not be brought by the Widow but by the Heir as Defender of his Ancestour's Honour CHAP. XI Of Knights of the Garter WE proceed to those Degrees of Honour that are less Noble and accounted amongst Commoners The first of which the Knights of the Noble Order of the Garter they are called the Knights of St. George and were instituted by King Edward the 3d. Anno 1350. which was fifty years before the Order of St. Michael in France 229 years before the Order of the Holy Ghost in France 80 years before the Order of the Golden-Fleece in Burgundy and 209 years before that of the Elephant in Denmark The Ceremonies of this Order are many and too long to recite the occasion was that King Edward the 3d might more firmly unite the hearts of his principal Peers and Friends to him in the French Wars the Number is 26 whereof the King is Sovereign and upon the Death of any one another is to be chosen by the King The Honourableness of this Order appears by the many Noble Personages who have took up this Order there having been eight Emperours seven Kings of Portugal five Kings of Denmark three Kings of Naples two Kings of Scots before the Union two Kings of Sweden besides many of the German and Italian Princes August the 25th 1685. The Knights of this Order were as followeth King of Denmark The Sovereign King of Sweeden Prince of Orange Prince Elector of Brandenburgh  Prince George of Denmark  Duke of Ormond  Duke of Buckingham  Earl of Oxford  Earl of Strafford  Duke of Albemarle  Duke of Beaufort  Earl of Bedford  Duke of Southampton  Earl of Mulgrave  Duke of New-Castle  Earl of Danby  Duke of Grafton  Duke of Richmond  Duke of Hamilton  Duke of Somerset  Duke of Northumberland  Duke of Norfolk  Earl of Peterborough  Earl of Rochester  Earl of Feversham then Installed  Knights of this Order as they are April 1689. King of Denmark The Sovereign King of Sweeden P. Elector of Brandenburgh Prince George of Denmark  Earl or Oxford  Earl of Strafford  Duke of Beaufort  Earl of Bedford  Duke of Southampton  Earl of Mulgrave  Duke of Newcastle  Earl of Danby  Duke of Grafton  Duke of Richmond  Duke of Hamilton  Duke of Somerset  Duke of Northumberland  Duke of Norfolk  Earl of Peterborough  Earl of Rochester  Earl of Feversham  Earl of Sunderland  Duke of Ormond  Duke Fred. Mares de Schomberg  Earl of Devonshire  They wear as their daily Habit the Immage of St. George encountering the Dragon set with Pearl and precious Stones hanging in a blew Ribbon always about their Neck they have also a Garter enamelled with Gold Pearl and precious Stones with a Motto Honi soit qui mal y pense embroydered upon it which is fastened with a Buckle about their left Leg from whence they are called Knights of the Garter King Charles the first added to these that all these Knights should always wear on the left side of their Cloaks or Coats a Star of Silver embroidered with the Escouchen of St. George viz Argent a Cross Gules encircled with the Garter without these they are not to appear in publick The Robes more peculiarly belonging to the Order are a Cassock of Crimson Velvet lined with white Sarsenet a Mantle of purple Velvet lined with white Sarsenet also on the left Shoulder whereof is an Escouchen of St. George embroidered and encircled with the Garter and Motto these are only worn
they shall help to dress him putting over his inward Garment a Russet Robe with long Sleeves and an Hood like an Hermits the Barber the mean while takes away the Bath which with all that belongs to it and the Collar about his Neck is his fees He is then conducted to the Chapel with Musick where being entered the Knights and Esquires shall be entertained with Wine and Spices and take their leave then the Priest and the two Esquires with the new Knight perform a vigil till almost day with Prayers and Offerings beseeching God and his Blessed Mother to make him worthy of that Dignity and being confessed he shall hold a Taper in his hand untill the reading of the Gospel at which time the shall deliver his Hood to one of the Esquire and the Taper to the other Esquire and a Penny must be laid on the Altar on or near the Candlestick and when the priest comes to the Words Verbum caro factum est he while Kneeling shall take the Taper and offer it to God and the Penny to him who is to make him a Knight Prayers done he is conducted to his Chamber for some repose untill the King's Pleasure be known then being dressed he is led into the Hall being girt with a Girdle of white Leather without Buckles a Coif upon his Head a Mantle of Silk over a Kirtle of Tartarin tyed with a lace of white Silk and a pair of white Gloves hanging at the end of the Lace all which is the Chandlers Fees then mounting on horse back the grave Knights conduct him up the Hall to the King with his Sword and his Spurs hanging at the pomil carried before him where the Marshal and the Usher meeting him desire him to allight and the Marshal shall take his Horse for his Fee being brought to the second Table with his Sword and Spurs held upright before him the King asks for the Sword and Spurs which being shewed by the Chamberlain the King takes the right Spur and gives it to the most Noble Person there and wills him to put it on the Person 's heel and the Knight himself puts on the other then the King taking the Sword girds it about him and puting his Arms about his Neck saith Be thou a good Knight and kisseth him The Knight thus made is conducted back to the Chapel where kneeling with his right hand laid upon the high Altar he promiseth to defend the rights of the Holy Church untill his Death and ungirding his Sword he offereth it to God At his going out the King's Master-Cook stands ready with his Carving knife in his hand Saying I the King's Master-Cook am come to receive thy Spurs for my Fees and if you do any thing contrary to the Honour of Knight-hood which God forbid I shall hack your Spurs from your heels Then the Knight is conducted into the Hall where he sits at Table with the Knights that are there and rising again he retires into his Chamber where his Robes are taken off and he is cloathed in a Blew Robe having a Lace of white Silk upon his left Shouldier which ought to be worn upon all his Garments untill he hath gained some Renown in feats of Arms or else some Princess or great Lady cut it from his Shoulder After dinner he is conducted by the Knights into the King's Presence to return him thanks for these Honours and taking his leave with craving Pardon for any miscarriage he is dismist by the Title of Knight of the Bath CHAP. XV. Of Knights Bachelours THE Title of Knight is a Word taken from Horsman-ship as their several Names in divers Languages signifie the Italians and Spaniards call them Cevalieri the French Chevaliers the Britains Margagh the Germans Rutters and our Ancient Saxons Cinht whence some observe that Cinht signifies a Servant and Rutter a Rider and so it signifies one that serves on Horseback to distinguish them from Cinht or Knecht which is the common Name of Servants but the Romans called them Miles or Soldiers They are as ancient as History and have the Title of Sir attributed to them No man can be born a Knight but it is an Honour conferred on them by the Prince either to encourage them to his Service or as a reward for Service done chiefly for his Valour in Battel and he keeps his Title in all Countries where-ever he cometh contrary to all other Degrees of Honour In Ancient time the manner of making or dubbing of a Knight was with great Honour as in King Arthur's time we find it thus The King commanded a large Stage to be erected in or near some Cathedral Church and thereon was set a Chair of Silver covered with Green Silk in which the Person to be Knighted was placed then he was demanded whether he was of a healthy Body and able to undergo the Travel required in a Soldier also whether he were a man of honest Conversation and what credible Witnesses he can produce to affirm the same Then the Bishop or other Chief Prelate took the Bible and holding it open before the Knight in Presence of the King and all others spake these words Sir You that desire to receive the Order of Knight-hood shall swear before God and on this Holy Book that you shall not fight against this Mighty and Excellent Prince that now bestoweth the Order of Knight-hood upon you unless you shall be commanded so to doe in the Service of your own King for in that Case having first yielded up the Collar Device and other Ensigns of Honour now received it shall be lawfull for you to serve against him without Reproach or Offence to all other Companions in Arms but otherwise doing you shall incur Infamy and being taken in War shall be subject to the pains of Death You shall also swear with all your Force and Power to maintain and defend all Ladies Gentlewomen Orphans and distressed Women And you shall shun no adventure of your Person in any War wherein you shall happen to be This Oath being taken two of the chief Lords led him to the King who drew forth his Sword and laid it upon his Head saying God and St. George or any other Saint whom he pleaseth but commonly St. George make thee a good Knight Then came Seven Noble Ladies in white and girded on his Sword and four Honourable Knights put on his Spurs Then the Queen if there took him by the right Arm and a Duchess or greatest Lady by the left who led him to a seat having three Ascents and there seated him the King siting on his Right hand and the Queen on his Left the Lords and Ladies siting on the three Steps under the King and Queen where being entertain'd with a Noble Banquet the Ceremony's ended Of Degrading of Knights Examples of this is rarely found it being used only for great and notable Offences against Loyalty and Honour and then he was Armed Cap-a-Pee and placed on a high Scaffold in the Church where
or Hood which covered half their Heads They professed Conjugal Chastity and Obedience to Superiours Knights of the Rosary in Toledo They were instituted by Roderick Archbishop of Toledo to resist the Moors in defence of the Catholick Religion They are continually to say the Rosary of the Blessed Lady and were of the Dominican Order their Ensign was the Figure of our Lady of the Rosary upon a Cross quarterly Argent and Sable Knights of the Golden-Fleece They were instituted by Philip Duke of Burgundy and Earl of Flanders Anno 1429. Their first Number was 24. but were increased afterwards by Charles the 5th St. Andrew is their Patron Their Habit is a Cassock of Crimson Velvet over it a Mantle of the same lined with white which openeth on the right Side and is turned up over the left Shoulder embroidered round with a Border Flames Fucels and Flecces with a Hood of Crimson Velvet The Collar which they always are to wear is of Gold wrought with Flames Fucels and golden Fleeces The lawfull Duke of Burgundy is Great Master or Sovereign of the Order who hath absolute Power to bestow it on whom he pleases but whosoever entereth into this Order must renounce all other Orders of Knight-hood except the Emperour and those Kings Princes and Dukes who are Sovereings of their own Orders They have a Chancellour a Treasurer a Register and a King at Arms called Toizon D' Or. Their meeting day is the second of May. Knights D' Avis These were instituted by Don Alphonso Henriquez the First King of Portugal and were at first called Knights of St. Mary Evora and not long after Knights of D' Avis from a Castle of that Name Their Badge is a Green Cross Flory and they follow the Rule of St. Benedict None are admitted into this Order but such as are Gentlemen by Father and Mother two Descents Knights of St. Michael 's Wing The same Don Alphonso Henriquez having obtained a great Victory against the Moors he in honour of St. Michael his tuteler Saint who appeared on his right side fighting against the Moors instituted this Order of Knight-hood Anno 1171. Their Badge was a red Sword crossed with a Flower-de-luce and this Motto Quis ut Deus They were of the Cistertian Order and were to defend the Country against the Incursions of the Moors Knights of St. James Were instituted by Don Denys the Sixth King of Portugal 1310. by whose help he cleared his Country of the Moors They profess Conjugal Chastity Hospitality and Obedience Their Ensign is a red Sword their Habit white and none are admitted but Gentlemen of Bloud Knights of Christ Were instituted in Portugal under Don Denys the Sixth above by Pope John the 22d who gave them the Possessions of the Knights Templers in Portugal They follow the Cistertian Order and wear a black Habit with a Cross Pattee Gules upon the Breast charged with another Argent The Knights of Jesus Christ in France They were instituted by Charles King of France and Richard the Second King of England for recovery of the Holy Land They had divers Officers and profest Obedience Conjugal Chastity and Poverty Their habit was a sad coloured Coat of Cloath reaching to the Calf of their Leg girt about them with a Girdle of Silk or Leather two Fingers broad a red Cap and over all a white woolen Coat with a red Cross of woolen Cloath about two Fingers broad upon the Breast from top to bottom and came round their Waste Their number were a thousand each Knight had an Esquire Armed at all points and three Varlets one to carry his Helmet and Launce another his Coat of Mail and the third to lead his Sumpter Knights of the Virgin Mary of Mount Carmell They were instituted by Henry the Fourth of France and confirmed by Pope Paul the Fifth 1608. They are to be the choice Gentlemen of France and are to attend the King in War to fight against the Enemies of the Roman Church and vow Obedience and Chastity they consist of a hundred Knights and hold their Feast anually on the 16th of July Their Badge is a Cross of eight points of a tawney collour with a white Border sewed on the left side of their Cloaks and the Figure of the V. Mary of Mount Carmell encircled with Rays of Gold placed in the midst and embroidered They wear the like Cross of Gold enamelled hanging about their Necks in a tawney Ribbon The Knights of St. Michael They were erected by Lewis the Eleventh of France An. 1469 in memory of an Apparition of St. Michael upon the Bridge of Orleance when that City was besieged by the English Their Habit is Doublet Hose Shooes Scabard Cap Band and Feather all white the Surcoat with Slieves is Cloath of Silver over all a Mantle of the same tyed upon the right Shoulder and turned up over the left bordered about with an Embroidery of Cockles and Knots over all the Collar of St. Michael which is very rich unto which hangeth the Picture of St. Michael Their number at first were but thirty six now much encreased they meet on Michaelmas day the King is Sovereign and they have a Treasurer a Chancellour a Register and a Herald named Monsan Michael Knights of the Holy Ghost Were instituted by Henry the Third of France 1578. in honour of Whitsunday on which day he was elected King of Poland There number is an hundred besides the King who is Sovereign in which number are four Cardinals five Prelates a Chancellour a Provost a Master of the Ceremonies a great Treasurer and a Scribe Their Feast day is the first of January Their Robe is black Velvet embroidered with Flower de-Luces of Gold and Silver with knots of Gold between sundry Rings or Cyphers of Silver and Flames of Gold in Imitation of the cloven Tongues a Mantle of green Cloath of Silver embroidered as the other tyed on the right and turned up on the left both lined with Orange coloured Satten their Hose Doublet and Feather were white but their Bonnets black over all a Collar of the Order being the same with the Embroidery work at which hangeth a Cross with the Figure of a Dove in the centre thereof Knights of the Gennet Some esteem this the most ancient Order in France and instituted by Charles Martiall High Steward of France Anno 726. They were sixteen in number and had a Collar of Gold made of a Triple Chain interwoven with enamelled red Roses and at the end whereof hung a Gennet of Gold black and red on a bank of Flowers all enamelled c. Knights of the Crown Royal Were erected by Charles the Great Son to King Pepin Anno 802. for honouring of those amongst the Frezons who had been valiant in the Army against the ancient Saxons and Lombards Their Ensign was an Imperial Crown which these Knights wore upon their Breast They were invested with a military Belt and a box on the Ear. Knights of the Lady of the
of the Royal Palace 7 Secretary of State. 8 Mayors 9 Provosts 10 Bayliffs of Incorporate Towns and all those that hold any Place by Patent from the King But if any of all these lose their Places and have no other grounds for their Gentility they also lose that too Note that a Freeman of London may write Master though never so poor or meanly born The Ancient English Gentry as also the Nobility which are comprehended in one used to live very nobly using no Traffick 〈◊〉 practising either Law Physick or â—â—e like but living upon their Estates â—xercising themselves in Husbandry feeding Cattle promoting good House-keeping supporting Hospitality and were allways ready to serve the King in his Wars and in these latter times they live more Nobly than most doe in many other Nations and more free from serving base Employments The Venetians and Genoiese are great Merchants and Traffickers The Neopolitan and Spaniards stand so much upon their punctillios that they scorn to exercise themselves in any industrious Profession but chuse rather to live by Oppression and Robbery nay the German will think it no shame nor dishonour to enlarge his Estate by Robbery which even in times of Peace they daily practise The Grecians Egyptians Persians and many others count no Man worthy of Honour but their Soldiery c. The French keep too severe a a Hand over their poor Tenents who are but their Vassals Neither are the English Gentry without many and great Privileges peculiar to their Degree of which these that follow are some If a Churl defame a Gentleman he hath a Remedy in Law Actione injuriarum in equal Crimes a Gentleman shall be punished with more favour than a Churl and if condemned to dye he not to be hang'd but to be beheaded and to be examined without Torture There are ceremonial Respects due to a Gentleman which are not to others in giving of evidence a Gentleman's Testimony is to be preferred before a Clown's in Elections of Magistrates and Officers by Vote the suffrage of a Gentleman shall take place he is excused from base and servile Offices and when chosen an Officer for two Citys he may take his choice of either Those that are Noble are not to be put to their Oath nor sworn in Juries on Life and Death upon their Peers A Clown may not challenge a Gentleman to Combat In Marriages of Relations or Guardians of Estates a Gentleman is to be entrusted though there be nigher of Kin. A Gentleman becoming an Apprentice doth not lose his Gentility and much of the like Thus have we run through all those Orders and Degrees of Men who are styled Noble or Gentile who have also more general Notes of Distinction the better to distinguish their several Degrees of which amongst the Nobility that of the Coronet is most especial which is mentioned under their several Titles above and that of the Helmet extendeth it self from the King to the private Gentleman as namely The Helmet of a Sovereign Prince hath a barred Beaver looking forward and so is the Helmet of the Heir Apparent The Helmet of a Duke Marquess Earl Viscount and Baron are barred and look side-ways toward the Dextre A Bishop beareth not an Helmet but a Mitre Baronets and Knights have their Beavoir up or open and looking forward Esquires and Gentlemen have their Helmets close and looking toward the Dextre The Helmets of Nobles stand upon their proper Coronets but Baronets Knights Esquires and Gentlemen place their Helmets upon a Torce or Wreath of their Collar and is always of a Metall and Collour CHAP. XIX Of Yeomen THose of the Commons who are under the Title of Gentlemen are by some ranked into three Sorts or Classes that is Yeomen Artificers and Labourers the Yeomen are those that have some Lands of their own and are vulgarly called Free-holders especially in some Countries and of those it is that the Statutes mean when they say that none shall pass in any Inquest unless they have Free-hold in yearly Revenue And by these sort of Men all Tryalls of Causes in the Country do ordinarily proceed being Men accounted more apt to understand and discern in doubtfull Cases than the ruder People who are used to servile Labour c. Besides the Yeoman can better allow his time having of his own for many there be that can expend above 200 l. per annum living more gentile thereon than some on greater Revenues Another Reason as some think why these Men are chosen into Jurors c. is because the poorer sort through need might be easily corrupted In old time the Yeomen were famous for Man-hood for our Infantry which have been so renowned for Archery through the world and that so often conquered the French were composed of Yeoman They have many peculiar Previleges which are allowed to no other Nation as that no Freeman of England can be imprisoned or outed of his Estate or Possession without Order of Law and just cause first shewn if he be imprisoned he cannot be denyed a Habeas Corpus and if no just cause be shewed he is to be set at Liberty No Soldier can be quartered upon a Free-man unless it be in a Victualing-house without his consent and no Taxes imposed upon him without an Act of Parliament The Yeomanry are not to be prest to serve in the War nor are the Train-bands compelled to march out of the Kingdom nor to bear their own Arms finding a sufficient Person to doe it He is to be tryed by his equals nor can be be condemned but by the Laws of the Land. These and many other Freedoms make them most happy and should ingage them to be loyal to their Prince under whose Government their Privileges are preserved CHAP. XX. Of Artificers and Labourers THe Artificers are next under which are comprised all Handy-craft-men Shop-keepers and other Tradesmen which enjoy many Privileges which Yeomen do And lastly the Labourers c. and Bondmen who have many more Previleges than any of their Degree that live in any other Nation CHAP XXI Of Precedency 1. OF Kingdoms And herein hath been great debates and will be for no Age could yet find it fully determined the Sword oftentimes being the decider of that affair At the Council of Constance the Embassadours and Bishops were placed as followeth 1. The Emperour to whom was united Bohemia Hungary Polonia Dalmatia Grecia and Croatia 2. The French had the second place alone which was disputed by the English 3. Then the English to whom was joyned Scotland Norway Denmark Sweeden and Cyprus 4. Then the Italians who had all the Kingdoms subject to Rome as Naples Sicily c. 5. Lastly The Spaniards who were hardly allowed to be a Nation but at last were put into the fifth place to whom were joyned Castilia Aragon Majorca Navarre Portugal and Granado Since then the Scene is changed and sometimes after the Emperour they have reckkoned France England Spain and this hath been the usual
account Sometimes England hath had the precedency and the Archbishop of Canterbury had place at the Pope's right Foot Mr. Howel in his Discourse concerning Ambassadours gives divers Reasons for the Precedency of England That it was the first Land that was governed by a Christian King That it hath wholly subdued France and the Kings of England have been crowned in Paris That it hath the best Havens in Christendom c. 2. The Precedency of the several Degrees in England are as follows 1 The King 's most Excellent Majesty 2 The Prince when there is One. 3 The Dukes of the Royal Bloud who are 1 Sons 2 Grand-Sons 3 Brothers 4 Unckles 5 Nephews Then the great Officers of the Church and Crown as 4 The Archibishop of Canterbury 5 Lord Chancellour or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 6 Archbishop of York 7 Lord Treasurer 8 Lord President of the Council 9 Lord Privy Seal Then the rest of the Nobility as 10 Dukes 11 Dukes eldest Sons of the Royal Bloud 12 Marquesses 13 Dukes eldest Sons 14 Earls 15 Marquesses eldest Sons 16 Dukes younger Sons of the Bloud 17 Dukes younger Sons Royal. 18 Viscounts 19 Earls eldest Sons 20 Marquesses younger Sons 21 Bishops which take place according to the Seniority of their Consecration except 1 London 2 Durham 3 Winchester 22 Barons 23 Viscounts eldest Sons 24 Earls younger Sons 25 Barons eldest Sons 26 Lords of the Privy Council 27 Judges and they 1 Of the King's Bench. 2 Of the Common Pleas. 3 Barons of the Exchequer 28 Masters of Chancery 29 Knights of the Garter if no otherways dignified which is very rare 30 Viscounts younger Sons 31 Barons younger Sons 32 Knights Bannerets 33 Baronets 34 Knights of the Bath 35 Knights Bachelours 36 Colonels first Horse then Foot. 37 Serjeants at Law. 38 Doctors 1 Divinity 2 Law 3 Physick 39 Esquires according to their Degree 1 Esquires of the King's Body 2 The Descendents by the Male Line from some Peer of the Realm 3 Eldest Sons of Baronets 4 Eldest Sons of Knights 5 Esquires attending on the Knights of the Bath 6 Officiary Esquires as 40 Justices of the Peace 41 Barristers at Law. 42 Lieutenant Collonels 43 Majors 44 Captains 45 Gentlemen 46 Yeomen 47 Artificers 48 Merchants 49 Retailers 50 Chapmen 51 Mariners 52 Fishermen 53 Water-men or Ferry-men 54 Masons and Builders 55 Labourers 56 Bondmen Note generally 1. That these great Officers of Court of what Title or Degree soever besides that of their Place or Office do take place of all others of the same Degree or Title except Secretary of State that is if they be Dukes they take place of all Dukes if Earls of all Earls that is 1. Lord Chamberlain of England 2. Lord High Constable 3. Lord Marshal 4. Lord High Steward 5. Lord Chamberlain of His Majesties Houshold 6. Secretaries of State if Peers Note 2. These Officers take place as followeth 1. Master of the Wards 2. Chancellour 3. Under-Chancellour of the Exchequer 4. Chancellour of the Duchy 5. Chief Justice of the King's-Bench 6. Master of the Rolls 7. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 8. Chief Baron of the Exchequer 9. Judges 10. Barons of the Coif Note 3. That Deans precede Chancellours and they precede Prebendaries and Prebendaries precede Doctours Note 4. All Artificers of London take place according to the Precedency of the Corporation of which they are free and not by their Trade or Profession The incorporated Merchants take place next after the first 12 Companies as some account then the rest according to the number they bear 13 14 and so on CHAP. XXII The Procession at a Coronation THE most magnificent Procession that I meet with was that at the Coronation of King Charles II. of happy Memory which take as follows From the Tower to Westminster 1. The Duke of York's Horse-Guards 2. The Messengers of the Chamber 3. Esquires to the Knights of the Bath 4. Knights Harbingers 5. Serjeant Portar 6. Sewers of the Chamber 7. Gentlemen Ushers 8. Quarter Waiters 9. The six Clerks in Chancery 10. Clerks of the Signet 11. Clerks of the Privy Seal 12. Clerks of the Council 13. Clerks of the Parliament 14. Clerks of the Crown 15. Chaplains having Dignities 16. The King's Advocate 17. The King's Remembrancer 18. Masters of the Chancery 19. King 's Learned Counsel at Law. 20. King's Puisne Serjeants 21. King's Attorney 22. King's Sollicitour 23. King's eldest Serjeants 24. Secretaries of the French Latine 25. Gentlemen Ushers 26. Daily Waiters 27. Sewers in Ordinary 28. Carvers in Ordinary 29. Cup Bearers in Ordinary 30. Esquires of the Body 31. Masters of Standing Offices as 1. Of the Tents 2. Of the Revels 3. Of the Ceremonies 4. Of the Armory 5. Of the Wardrobe 6. Of the Ordinance 32. Master of the Requests 33. Chamberlains of the Exchequer 34. Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber 35. Knights of the Bath 36. Knight Marshal 37. Treasurer of the Chamber 38. Master of the Jewel-house 39. Barons younger Sons 40. Viscounts younger Sons 41. Barons of the Exchequer 42. Justices of the Common Pleas. 43. Justices of the King 's Bench. 44. Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 45. Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 46. Master of the Rolls 47. Lord Chief Justice of the King 's Bench. 48. Knights of the Privy Council 49. Principal Secretary 50. Barons eldest Sons 51. Earls younger Sons 52. Viscounts eldest Sons Kettle-Drums King's Trumpeter 2 Pursivants at Arms. 53. Barons 54. Maquesses younger Sons 55. Earls eldest Sons Two Pursuvants at Arms. 56. Viscounts 57. Dukes younger Sons 58. Marquesses eldest Sons Two Heralds in their Coats and Collars of SS 59. Earls and the Earl Marshal 60. Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold 61. Dukes eldest Sons Two Heralds 62. Marquesses Two Heralds 63. Dukes Clarenceux Norroy Kings at Arms. 64. Lord Treasurer 65. Lord Chancellour 66. Lord High Steward Duke of Normandy and Duke of Aquitain represented by two Persons 67. Gentleman Usher Garter King at Arms. 68. Lord Mayor of London 69. Duke of York 70. Lord Great Chamberlain 71. Lord Marshal with the Sword. 72. Lord High Steward On each side of these Serjeants at Arms. The KING 73. Gentlemen Pensioners Esquires Footmen 74. Master of the Horse leading a spare Horse 75. Vicechamberlain 76. Captain of the Pensioners 77. Captain of the Guards 78. Lieutenant of the Pensioners 79. King's Horse guards 80. The General 's Horse-guards CHAP. XXIII The Proceeding on the Coronation-day FOur Drums Sixteen Trumpets 1 Clerks of the Chancery 2 King's Chaplains having Dignities 3 Aldermen of London 4 King's Counsel learned in the Laws 5 King's Sollicitour 6 King's Attorney 7 King 's eldest Serjeant at Law. 8 Esquires of the Body 9 Master of Requests 10 Gentlemen of the Privy Council 11 Knights of the Bath 12 Barons of the Exchequer 13 Justices of the Common Pleas. 14 Justices of the King 's Bench. 15 Lord Chief Baron 16 Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 17 Master of the
Rolls 18 Lord Chief Justice of the King 's Bench. 19 Serjeant Portar 20 Serjeant of the Vestery 21 Children of the King's Chapel 22 Gentlemen of the King's Chapel 23 Prebendaries of Westminster 24 Master of the Jewel House He had Precedency of the Judges because he bore the Sword Spurs and Ring 25 Knights of the Privy Council Portcullis Pursuvant at Arms. 26 Barons 27 Bishops Rouge Croix Pursuvant at Arms. Blew mantle Pursuvant at Arms. 28 Viscounts Somerset and Chester Heralds 29 Earls Richmond and Windsor Heralds 30 Marquesses Lancaster and York Heralds Clarenceux and Norroy Provincial Kings at Arms carrying their Crowns in their hands 31 Lord High Treasurer 32 Lord high Chancellour St. Edward's Staff. The Spurs born by two Earls St. Edward's Sceptre A drawn Sword. Sword Curtana drawn A pointed Sword drawn 33 Lord Mayor of London Garter principal King at Arms. Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod. 34 Lord Great Chamberlain 35 Earl Marshal 36 Lord Marshal with the Sword of State in the Scaboard 37 Lord High Constable 38 Duke of York The Sceptre with the Dove St. Edward's Crown born by the Lord High Steward The Orb or Mound The Patena born by the Bishop of Exon. The Chalice born by the Bp. of London The KING supported by the Bishop of Bath and Wells and the Bishop of Duresme his Train born by five Lords and his Canopy by the Barons of the Cinque-Ports 39 Master of the Robes 40 One of the Chief Gentlemen of the Bed-chamber 41 Two Grooms of the Bed-chamber 32 Captain of the Guard. 33 Captain of the Pensioners CHAP. XXIV The King 's going to Parliament in State. MEssengers of the Court. Esquires to the Knights of the Bath Gentlemen Ushers Clerks of the Chancery Clerks of the Signet Clerks of the Privy Seal Clerks of the Council Clerks of the Parliament Clerks of the Crown The King's Chaplains having Dignities Masters of Chancery King 's learned Counsel at Law. King's Serjeants Attorney General Sollicitour General King's eldest Serjeant The King's Secretaries Chamberlains of the Exchequer Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber Knights of the Bath Treasurer of the Chamber Comptroller Some place next Knights Bachelours Some place next Knights Bannerets and Some place next Knights Baronets Two Heralds Barons younger Sons Viscounts younger Sons Barons of the Exchequer Justices of the Common Pleas. Justices of the King 's Bench. Lord Chief Baron Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Master of the Rolls Lord Chief Justice of the King 's Bench. Knights of the Privy Council Principal Secretary Barons eldest Sons Earls younger Sons Viscounts eldest Sons Two Heralds Barons Bishops Marquesses younger Sons Earls eldest Sons Two Heralds Viscounts Dukes younger Sons Marquesses eldest Sons Two Heralds Earls Chamberlain of the Houshold Dukes eldest Sons Two Heralds Marquesses Two Heralds Dukes Two Kings at Arms. Lord Treasurer Archbishop of York Lord Chancellour Archbishop of Canterbury Dukes of the Royal Bloud Garter principal King at Arms. Lord Great Chamberlain Lord high Steward The KING Gentlemen Pensioners Esquires Footmen Master of the Horse with a led Horse Vice-chamberlain Guards CHAP. XXV Coronation-Feasts KIng H. Fourth's Coronation-Feast The King sate in the middle of the Table the Archbishop of Canterbury and three Prelates on his Right hand the Archbishop of York and four Prelates on the Left the K's eldest Son stood on the Right-hand with a pointless Sword the Lord Constable on the Left with a pointed Sword both erect and naked Before him stood the Dukes of Albemarl Surry and Exeter and two Earls the Earl Marshal and his Tipstaves made room in the Hall that the Attenders might with more ease serve the Tables On the right side of the Hall at Tables set were placed the Barons of the Cinque Ports and divers of the Long Robe at the Table on the left side sate the Lord Mayor Aldermen and chief Citizens After the second Course the King's Champian entered the Hall with a Herald and approaching before the King made his Challenge three times and being not answered retired but the most splendid and most exact Coronation-Feast was that of King Charles II. King Charles II. his Coronation-Feast First enters the Clerks Comptrollers then Clerks of the Green Cloath Cofferer Six Serjeants at Arms. 1 Earl Marshal 2 Lord high Steward 3 Lord high Constable all three on Horse-back and in their proper Robes Six Serjeants Comptroller of the Houshold The Sewer and his Assistents The Knights of the Bath who carried up Service two and two to a Dish assisted by the Earl Sewer Dinner being set on the Table the King came forth in his Royal Robes with the Crown on his Head his Sceptre in his hand and three Swords born before him naked being seated on his Right hand stood the three Noblemen who held the three Swords naked and erect on his Left the Lord Chamberlain who held the Sceptre at the Table 's end on the left hand sate the Duke of York in his Robes and Coronet Then the King's Champian entered the Hall on a goodly white Courser armed at all Points in rich Armour having way made for him by the Knight Marshal Before him marched 1 Two Trumpets 2 The Serjeant Trumpet 3 The Serjeant at Arms. 4 An Esquire carrying a Target with the Champian's own Arms depicted thereon 5 York Herald 6 The Champian 7 The Earl Marshal on his left hand 8 The Lord High Constable on his right both on Horseback The Herald proclaimed the Challenge at the entrance into the Hall in the middle of it and at the Steps at the higher Hall The Chalenge is That whoever should deny the King to be the true and undoubted Heir to the Crown or that he is not King of England Scotland France and Ireland doth lye and that he the Champian is ready to maintain the same throwing down his Glove as a Gage which done he retired with his Fee. The second Course was carried up by the Gentlemen Pensioners The third Course by other Servants appointed thereto In the body of the Hall below the State were placed four Tables two on each side at the first Table on the right hand next the State sate the Bishops the Barons of the Cinque-ports the Judges and the rest of the long Robe according to their Degrees at the second Table below on the right hand sate the Masters in Chancery Six Clerks and the like at the upper Table on the left hand next the State sate the Nobility c. at the other sate the Lord Mayor Aldermen and chief Citizens at a by Table the Officers at Arms the Ushers and Waiters all in their proper Places some attending the King others their Places as assigned each Table had three Courses besides the Banquet with Trumpets sounding each Course CHAP. XXVI A Royal Feast at other times the K. present 1 AT the head of the Table sits the King at the lower end the Princes of the Bloud before him or rather on each hand stand the Carver Sewer
Arms for the south parts and Norroy King at Arms for the north parts and to the other Heralds and Pursuvants for ever And that they should have and use a common Seal to sue and to be sued by before this King Edward the 6th had granted them large Previleges of which see at large in Carter p. 225. Formerly the Title of Clarenceaux was South Roy or Surrey as some say but the Dukedom of Clarence coming by Heirship to the King at Arms for the south of England he assumed the Title of Clarenceaux from Clarence and left that of Surrey and ever since that King at Arms hath been styled Clarenceaux But more particularly there are three Kings at Arms that is 1. Garter Principal General and Indefinite 2. Clarenceaux King at Arms for the North of England on this side the River Trent 3. Norroy King at Arms for the North of England that is of all beyond the River Trent The Heralds which are sometimes styled Dukes at Arms are six that is first York second Somer set third Windsor fourth Lancaster fifth Richmond sixth Chester The Pursuvants are four that is first Portcullis the second is Blew Mantle third Rouge Dragon the fourth Rouge Croix to which are added two more who have no certain Names These Heralds and Pursuvants have power to enter into all Churches Castles Houses c. to view all Arms Recognizances and Crests to make Visitations and to Register the Pedegrees and Matches of Nobles and Gentlemen to punish with Disgrace or Mulct such as shall usurp other mens Atchievements or fancy new ones to themselves against the Law of Arms to reverse or deface them and proclaim the pretender infamous at the Assizes or Sessions Also such as shall use Mourning as Gowns Hoods c. contrary to the Law to limit all Painters and other Artificers in the setting forth of Arms with many more things too tedious to set down And that he may the better know how to give a proper Device or Coat-Armour he is to enquire First Whether he that would bear them desire them and honour Gentility and will keep them from Dishonour Secondly Whether he be able to declare his Pedegree Thirdly He must enquire into his Pedegree and see whether he may by Right bear Coat-Armour whether his Ancestors were Gentlemen and to give the same with due Augmentation Fourthly Whether he be clean of Life Just in Promise cunning in all or any of the liberal Sciences or hath knowledge in Divinity or Philosophy Fifthly Of whom he hath Praise of good Works done whether they were Persons of Reputation for Wisdom or Honesty Sixthly To whom he hath done good Service whether to the King the Prince c. and what the Service was whether in War or as an Ambassadour or the like The Herald is likewise to be very expert in the betroathing of Princes he is not to disclose the secrets of Ladies nor any other not proper to be known appertaining to their own Art he is to be carefull in giving Advice and to acquaint the Bearer of Coat-Armour that the end thereof is to adorn his Family and to make him shew more excellent than others and therefore not to doe any dishonourable Actions He must be also able to distinguish their Lines and Issues the better to doe right to the Person When a King of Heralds is to be made he is brought unto the King or Lord Marshal led between two Heralds or a King and a Herald in their Coats the other Heralds and Pursuvants going before in their Formalities who carry the several Instruments to be used at the Ceremony one the Coat another the Crown a third the Patent a fourth the Bowl of Water a fifth a Book and a Sword a sixth a Book whereon he sweareth c. all making their several Obeisance then he kneels down with those that led him and one holding the Sword and Book whereon he sweareth the other pronounceth the Words then his Patent is read and at the Words Creamus investimus his Coat is put on and at the Words Non violante Nomine c. the Water is poured on his Head when his Patent is read the Ceremony is ended c. CHAP. XXXI Of Heraldry THis is a Field too large to be traced through in so small a Volum as this and therefore I cannot pretend to shew the Art of Blazon but only as well as I can with such Brevity give you the general Terms of Art and Names of those things which are particularly nominated in this Honourable Science Briefly therefore Armory is an Art whereby we attain to the Knowledg of the use of Coat-Armour which consisteth of two general Heads first Blazoning secondly Marshaling First Blazoning is the explication of Coat-Armour in such significant Terms that the Vertues of the first Bearers may be known and this is done by expressing what the Colours Shapes Kinds and Postures of those things are which are born in Coat-Armour with their Position by which the true signification may be known Secondly Marshalling is the orderly placings of several Coats belonging originally to divers Families within one Efcoucheon and the well disposing of those Ornaments which belong to them in their proper Places without the Estouchen Of these in General More particular Arms are divided into things within the Escoucheon and things without the Escoucheon those things without the Escoucheon are the Mantling Supporters where due Torce Helm Crest Motto c. But not to enlarge on these things we shall chiefly speak of those things within the Escoucheon First The Escoucheon must be spread over with some Metal Colour or Furr which do admit of several Denominations according to the quality of the Person to whom the Coat doth belong if a King or absolute Prince his Coat is blazoned or express'd by Planets a Nobleman's by precious Stones and those of lower Ranks by Colours which take as under written Metals and Colours in Blazon for Gent. under the Nobibility called By Precious Stones for Nobles called By Planets for Kings c. called 1 Gold or Yellow Or O. Topaz ☉ Sol. 2 Silver or white Argent A. Pearl ☽ Luna 3 Red Gules G. Ruby ♂ Mars 4 Light blew Azure B. Sapphir ♃ Jupiter 5 Black Sable S. Diamond ♄ Saturn 6 Green Vert V. Emrauld ♀ Venus 7 Purple Purpure P. Amethyst ☿ Mercury 8 Orange colour Tenne T. Jacinth ☊ Dragons head 9 Murry Sanguin Sardonyx ☋ Dragons tail The Meaning is only this if the Coat be a King 's or Prince's you must say he beareth Sol not Tapaz nor Or if a Nobleman's say Topaz or Pearl and not Sol nor Or if a Gentleman's say Or or Argent only c. The two last Colours are counted stainant yet are born sometimes by good Families All these have their proper significations both singly by themselves and also as they are compounded by themselves they signifie as follows Or signifies Wisdom Magnanimity Delight and Riches Argent Innocency Chastity and Charity
Prince The Voider is of the same shape but lesser much and not circular being the proper Reward for a Woman for the like Service done CHAP. XXXII Of Charges Common Although some Coats of Arms have one of these alone some have more either of the same or different sorts and some have other things mixed with them yet many there are which have none but charged with some other things which Charges are born sometimes upon these Ordinaries sometimes by or with them and sometimes both upon them and by or with them and sometimes you shall have these Ordinaries born upon or over such other Charges but this being too tedious to run through all the variety of Bearing and the significations of them when alone or compounded I shall reduce what I have to say to these nine heads and be very brief in them all 1. Angels 2. Rational Creatures 3. Beasts 4. Fowl. 5. Fishes 6. Insects 7. Heavenly Bodies 8. Trees Hearbs Flowers and Fruits 9. Things artificial Sect. 1. Of Angels Angels Cherubims or any part of them signifie great celerity in business the Messengers of Peace and happy News Note generally the whole signifies more than the parts Sect. 2. Of Men. To bear Men in Coat-Armour is honourable as 1. For Saints It sheweth the first Bearer was some Bishop Abbat or some Person who built or ruled some Place dedicated to such Saint 2. Heads shew the Bearer to have done Service against those People whose Head it signifies as Saracens Turks Moors c. 3. Hands or Arms signifie Strength and Fortitude in their Bearers 4. Eyes signifie Judgment and Apprehension 5. Legs and Feet shew the Bearer to be swift to pursue his Enemies and are the emblem of Support and Assistence as 6. The Heart is of Knowledge and Understanding Sect. 3. Of Beasts Beasts of Prey are more honourable than Beasts of Chase and the more honourable the Beast is the more honourable the Coat the Male is more honourable than the Female and those that are gilt or kerved less honourable than those that are not the whole is better than the parts and the regular posture than the irregular those at liberty are better than those that are not by being chained muzled or the like and the proper colour is better than different Of parts first the Head if of a Beast of Prey shews the first Bearer to head an Army to be bold and stout or to destroy or take some General of the Enemies Next to Beasts of Prey are the Unicorn Horse Bull Ram Goat Hart c. all whose Heads are honourable according to their several Degrees Next the Head are the Gambs or Paws and then the Lions Tails A Limb or Member either of Man Beast or Fowl is better erased than couped and that better than cabosed nor are Monsters so honourable as those of true shapes The nearer any Coat is to the King's Coat in whose Countrey he lives the more honourable is that Coat The Lion shews great Power Jurisdiction Mercy and all other generous Vertues The Unicorn one of Strength and Courage who will fight it out to the last and never yield yet withall ready to doe good to his Enemies It hath significations of Scotland c. The Wolf shews one who hath Power and Parts to assemble many together and might first be given to him that brought a Band of his Tenents Friends or Voluntiers to the King's Service The Fox signifies one that by Policy and Strategeme hath gotten possession of his Enemies Quarters or Countrey The Horse shews one bold and valiant and a Person that by his Example encourageth others It also sheweth that the Bearer might have mounted his General or Prince in Battel The Ass shews the Bearer to be a most industrious and submissive Person The Ram one valiant in War and profitable in Peace chiefly by his Substance The Bull a valiant Person and one that labours the Ruine of his Enemies The Goat one of mean worth yet politick in War whereby he subdues his Enemies The Cat shews one that by a constant and prudent care surprises his Enemy or by a subtile Strategeme seises those that make Inroads into the Countrey The Dog an excellent Centinel and constant adherer to his Prince The Boar is given to those that are valiant but not liberal and one that will dye nobly rather than flie basely The Hedghog shews one that is expert in gathering Riches and prudent in laying hold on all opportunities to secure them The Coney shews a Person to be a skilfull Pionier and successfull also good in making Trenches The Squeril shews the first Bearer to be an excellent Treasurer and Purveyor for an Army The Panthar shews a Person of undaunted Courage and Resolution yet of so friendly and persuasive a Temper that all men love him The Elephant shews a Man of great Learning and Authority a wise and sage Counsellour and one of great valour The Camel one that is ready and speedy in business The Bear shews one politick and valiant though perhaps greedy of Gain The Ape may perhaps be given to one who first pleased his Prince by his pleasant and facetious Humour and also shews one very apt to learn by Inspection and imitative The Hart sheweth one carefully politick who foreseeing the Danger prevents it making good his own Party and circumventing his Enemies Monstrous Beasts are less honourable than others and shew that the first Bearers might have something in them which was vitious which though it did not wholly outvie their Vertues yet it might be a blemish to the same and shews oftentimes Illegitimacy The Leopard shews a subtile man one that would surprize his Enemies by Policy where his Strength faileth yet withall too violent when he hath overcome The Griffin shews one valiant and to make great spoil of his Enemies Megazines yet cruel and covetous The Dragon or Wivorn shews one that invades his Enemies not in a main Battel but as a Privatier or one who hath Letters of Mart and subdueth Pirates or the like and will be sure to keep fast what he gets though unjustly The Mantiger shews one to have shewed himself most humane and courteous to all and withall courageous yet in his Conquests too much of a cruel Tyrant The Sphinx and Harpie the same The Bat or Reremous shews a low beginning but by care and industry to arrive to great Wealth and thereby to Honour yet sneaking and of a low Spirit The Postures of Beasts are differently blazoned according to the nature of them for all Beasts of Prey or Battel have one denomination for their posture and those of Chase or the like have another Beasts of Prey and Battel are couchant passant guardant combatant rampant saliant regardant coward double quere quere inflected quere renowned c. Beasts of Chase c. are said to be lodged tripant at gaze respecting mounting springing and the like Dormant seiant endorced and some others are common to both The Lion dormant
Whitehall The Aldermen and Citizens of London waited on the Prince of Orange at St. James's The Prince of Orange published an Order to return the Arms into the publick Store and an Order about quartering of Soldiers The Lords Spiritual and Temporal assembled at Westminster and ordered F. Guine Esq to sign such Orders as were made by them The Prince of Orange ordered the French Ambassadour to leave England The Peers present to the Pr. of Orange two Addresses the first of Thanks c. and to desire his Highness to accept the Government till Jan. 22. next the second to issue out Letters to the Coroners to chuse Convention-men to sit Jan. 22. The Aldermen and Citizens of London agreed to the said Address The Prince of Orange gave his Answer to the said Addresses The Prince of Orange put out his Declaration authorising Sheriffs Justices c. to act the same day his Highness received the Sacrament at St. James's by the hands of the Bishop of London Jan. The Prince of Orange published a Declaration for the better collecting the Revenue The Lord Dartmouth with the Fleet came into the Downs The Prince of Orange published an Order for regular Election of Convention-men The Sedgmore Frigot lost nigh Plymouth Dr. Seth Ward Bishop of Sarum dyed Coll. John Darcy Heir to the Earl of Holderness dyed James Howard Earl of Suffolk dyed The Prince of Orange published a Declaration for quartering of Soldiers The Countess of Huntingdon was carried through London in order to her Interrment Scotland address the Prince of Orange to take their Government upon him till March next The Prince of Orange's Declaration for paying the Seamen The Prince of Orange's Order for paying and keeping the Soldiers in order The Convention met at Westminster the Marquess of Hallifax made Speaker of the Lords House and Mr. Powle of the Commons then they desired the Prince of Orange to take on him the Administration of the Government for a farther time also ordered that a Thanksgiving-day be kept Jan. 31. at London c. and Feb. 14. in all England The Prince of Orange sent a Letter to the House of Lords about settling the Government Feb. The Order to forbid Feb. 6. to be kept a Thanksgiving-day A great number of people go to Westminster to desire the Convention to crown the Prince and Princess of Orange The Lord Mayor published an Order to prevent the tumultuous meeting at Westminster The Prince of Orange's Proclamation to prevent the abuses in Forests The Lords in the Convention agreed with the Commons that the Throne was vacant and that the Prince and Princess of Orange ought to be King and Queen The Princess of Orange landed at White-hall The Prince and Princess of Orange proclaimed King and Queen of England France and Ireland by the name of William and Mary at London on the 19th at Rippon Beverly Lancaster Hartford Ware Royston Baldock Triâ—g St. Albanes Stamford Alesbury Wendover Chesham Beaconsfield Rewsborrow Colebrook Burnham Ivingo Marlo c. the 18th at Bath Cardigan c. the 23d at York Taunton c. March 5. at Bridgewater Bristoll c. the 6th at Sandwich c. K. William put out a Proclamation for the collecting of the Revenue to continue as in December last K. William's Order in Council for alteration of the Royal Family's Names in the Common-Prayer K. William made a Speech to the Lords and Commons at Westminster The Bishop of London and the Clergy of the City waited on K. William at White-hall K. William's Declaration to order the Irish to lay down their Arms by April following K. William signed the Act for the sitting of the Parliament and after the King and Queen went to Hampton-Court Sir John Read's House was robbed at Bracket-hall in Hartfordshire A Proclamation for the discovery of Mr. Brent Another for bringing in Arms imbezelled Mar. Serj. Maynard Serj. Rawlinson and Sir Anthony Keck are made Commissioners of the Great Seal of England Henry Pollexfen Esq Attorney General Sir Geo. Treby Sollicitor General Lord Willoughby Chancellour of the Dutchy Lord Lovelace Captain of the Band of Pensioners Lord Lucas chief Governour of the Tower of London The Earl of Sandwich his Funeral William Harbord Esq sworn of the Privy-Council The Brandenburghs got a Victory over the French at Nuis The Lords and Commons present an Address to stand by K. William with their Lives and Fortunes K. William desires their care of the Dutch Ireland and the Fleet. Arthur Herbert Esq John Earl of Carbury Sir Michael Wharton Bart. Sir Tho. Lee Bart. Sir John Chichesly Sir John Lowther Bart. of White-haven and William Sacheveril Esq Commissioners for the Admiralty Dr. Gilbert Burnet elected Bishop of Saraum in the place of Dr. S. Ward deceased and consecrated at Fulham by the Bishops of London Winchester Lincoln Landaff St. Asaph and Carlile The City of London made an Address to K. William Charles Sedly Esq of Southfleet in Kent Knighted K. James II. arrived at Kingsale in Ireland and on the 24th entred Dublin on Horseback and the next day published three Proclamations K. William made a Speech in the House of Lords and passed two Acts. The Parliament addressed the King to put his Proclamation out against the Soldiers that disserted The Sheriffs of all Counties of England were appointed by K. William A Proclamation for Crowning K. William and Q. Mary and Proclaimed at London on the 20th for the Coronation to be on the 11th of April next The Convention of Scotland met and chose Duke Hamilton Speaker and on the 23d sent their Answer to K. William's Letter by the Lord Rosse Sir John Chapman Lord Mayor of London dyed Sir John Berry came into the Downs with a Squadron of Men of War. The Lord Lieutenants of all the Counties of England appointed by K. William Alderman Pilkington chose Lord Mayor of London for the remainder of the year 1689. Mar. K. William signed the Act for a present Aid of 412000 l. THE Lord Coot made Treasurer and Receiver General to Q. Mary Being Easter day Sir Geo. Lockhart was shot dead as he came from Church at Edenburgh he was Lord President of the Sessions of Scotland Apr. A Proclamation for bringing in of Arms. The Convocation of Scotland voted the Throne vacant and on the 4th voted to settle the Crown on K. William and Q. Mary and on the 10th proclaimed them and declared against Bishops and made a new Oath of Allegiance to K. William and Q. Mary K. William passed three Acts of Parliament at Westminster Coll. Cunningham and Coll. Richards shipt their Regiments at Liverpool in Lancashire for Ireland Duke Frederick Mareschal de Schomberg and William Earl of Devonshire made Knights of the Garter Dr. Burnet Bishop of Sarum sworn Chancellour of that Order King William's Declaration to secure all Soldiers of English Pay though sent beyond Seas The Duke of Ormond installed Knight of the Garter Admiral Herbert sailed with his Fleet from Spithead Monsr d'Avaux
Capital Ships came to the Spit-head Edward Mosely Esq of Lancashire Knighted Edinburgh Castle deliverd up by the Duke of Gourdon His Majesty set Sail from the Spit-head London-Derry made another advantageous Sally Major General Kirke came to the Lough before London-Derry The Fortress of Keyseawreart surrendered by the French to the Duke of Brandenburgh Above Eighty of the Clergy of London went in a Body to take the Oaths at Westminster-hall The Parliament of Scotland met and passed an Act to ascertain King William's Authority King William went to the Parliament at Westminster and passed Ten Acts. King William's Proclamation to offer one Hundred Pound to discover either Sir Adam Blair or Doctor Robert Grey for dispersing King James's Declaration John Studer was executed at Kingston for deserting His Majesty's Service King William went to the House of Lords and made a Speech to the Parliament King of Sweden's Envoy had Audience July An Act passed in Scotland to take away the Supremacy over Ecclesiastical Affairs James Ermendenger made Master of their Majesties Hand-Guns A Plot discovered to have fired Edinburgh and to have destroyed the Estates on the Eight instant on which discovery about Forty Persons were secured The Earl of Pembroke had Audience of the States of Holland There landed from Three French Men of War about Eight hundred Irish in Argile-shire in Scotland from Carrick fergus King William called by Writ to sit as Barons in the House of Lords Charles Lord Dursley and Robert Lord Viscount Lisle who took their places The Protestants at Inniskilling by a Sally beat a Convoy of four hundred and took two Firkins of money and fifteen Waggons of Ammunition and Provisions A Proclamation to offer Ten pound to discover any High-way man. Robert Serle Esq appointed to be Consul of Leghorne Duke Schomberg left White-hall in order to his journey to Chester towards his Relief of Ireland Duke Schomberg came to Chester being received with great respect next day viewed the ground where the Camp was to be A French Man of War brought in as a prize to Plymouth which came from Ireland The Act for Abolishing the Episcopacy in Scotland was touched with the Sceptre The Spanish Ambassadour had his publick Audience About four of the Clock in the Morning her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Denmark was brought to Bed of a Son and on the Twenty seventh was Christen'd by the name of William by the Bishop of London at Hampton Court where his Majesty declared him Duke of Glocester King William passed nine Acts of Parliament Came out a Proclamation against exporting of Salt Petre. Martin Wiscomb made Consul of Cadiz and Saint Maries London-derry in Ireland was relieved after it was brought to that extremity that five hundred ninety one Bombs had been shot into the Town and six thousand dyed for want of Provisions and five thousand fighting men left in it the same night the Duke of Berwick with King James's Forces raised the Siege and went away burning all places they left behind Aug. A great fight in Scotland betwixt General Mackay and the Lord Dundee where the latter was killed The Parliament of Scotland Adjourned to the eighth of October Pope Innocent XI dyed in the 79th year of his Age and was the sixth buried at Saint Peter's Church at Rome after he had lain three days in the Church for publick view The Earl of Torrington with the Fleet nigh the Isle of Silly designed for the Coast of Ireland Four Ships went with Provisions from Highlake to London-derry Launceston in Cornwall did present an Address to King William being the first of any County of England Duke Schomberg set Sail from Highlake and on the thirteenth landed at Bangor in the North of Ireland with the English Forces A Fight betwixt Prince Waldeck with the English and Dutch Forces and Mareschal d'Humieres with the French where near two thousand of the latter were killed the fight at Dunkell in Scotland William Forester and James Forbes Esqs and Clerks of the Green-cloth were Knighted at Hampton Court. Francis Blake of Ford Castle Knighted at Hampton Court. Carrick fergus in Ireland surrendred to Duke Schomberg after four days Siege The North Male Robbed nigh Newington in Middlesex Mr. Walker late Governour of London-derry waited on their Majesties at Hampton Court where the King presented him five Thousand pound as a Reward The Earl of Levins is made Governour of Edinburgh Castle The Earl of Torrington with the Fleet at Torbay Mr. Walker late Governour of London-derry waited on King William at Hampton Court and presented an Address Sept. The Chester Male Robbed betwixt Highgate and Whetstone A Proclamation Authorizing Commissioners for the Act of 12 d. in the pound Duke Hamilton sworn of his Majesty's Privy Council at White-hall Edward Smith Esq appointed Consul for the Canary Islands The East-land Fleet of 34 Sail passed by Weymouth Parliament met and Adjourned to October the 19th following The Dutch Ambassadours had their Audience of leave Sir John Holt Lord Chief Justice of England sworn of the Privy Council Sir Thomas Pilkington continued Lord Mayor of London for the ensuing year The King left White-hall towards his journey for New-Market Octo. The Fleet under the Earl of Torrington Sailed out of Torbay to the Spit-head A Proclamation to preserve the New River Water The University of Cambridge waited on King William at New-market The King din'd at New-market Bonn taken by the Duke of Brandenburgh after 55 days being blocked up and 26 days close Siege King William returned from Cambridge and New-market to Hampton-Court Doctor Stillingfleet Bishop of Worcester Doctor Patrick Bishop of Chichester Doctor Ironside Bishop of Bristol were Consecrated at the Bishop of London's Chapel at Fulham by the Bishop of London Bishop of St. Asaph and Bishop of Rochester The Parliament met at Westminster where King William made a Speech to them Queen of Portugal was brought to Bed of a Son. Was kept in London by the Irish Protestants the Anniversary for the deliverance from the Massacre in 1641. King William was made free of the Grocers Company and on the presenting his Freedom Ralph Box Esq was Knighted Sir George Davis made Conful of Naples Nov. Richard Lord Coot made Earl of Earles of Bellomont in Ireland Was brought into Falmouth a French Vessel taken going to Ireland with 4000 Armes and Powder and Officers A Fleet of Eighty Sail with six Thousand Foot and one Thousand Horse on Board of Danes Sailed by Hull for Scotland Envoy from Spanish Flanders had his Audience Thomas Kirke Esq made Consul of Genoua The Danish Forces arrived at Hull A Proclamation offering 200 l. for apprehending of Edmund Ludlow Lambert Blackwell Esq made Consul of Leghorne Walter Doleman Esq made Consul of Alicant in Spain An order of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen offering 500 l. to discover the Person that offered an Indignity to King William's Picture in Guild-hall Dec. Thomas Papillion Simon Macne John Agur Humphrey Ayles and James