the_o sea_n be_v adjoin_v and_o in_o propriety_n to_o be_v esteem_v according_o take_v their_o name_n of_o the_o country_n and_o kingdom_n adjacent_a or_o of_o their_o situation_n as_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la germanicum_n mare_n hibernicum_n and_o for_o situation_n mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la observe_v by_o cosmographer_n historiographer_n and_o mathematician_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n count_v of_o course_n sounding_n colour_n of_o the_o gravel_n or_o sand_n and_o other_o way_n to_o design_n finitum_fw-la ab_fw-la '_o infinito_o law_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o certain_a reach_n and_o bound_n of_o sea_n proper_o apppertain_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n wherein_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v record_v excellent_a observation_n custom_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n baldus_n say_v vidimus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la esse_fw-la regna_fw-la distincta_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la auda_fw-la iâ—sula_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la 1._o the_o ter_z divisione_n in_o §._o nullius_fw-la in_o tratt_v de_fw-fr iâ—sula_fw-la bartolas_n do_v in_o his_o opinion_n allow_v for_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o the_o seaside_n centum_fw-la mitliaria_fw-la which_o be_v one_o hundred_o league_n of_o sea_n from_o their_o coast_n if_o they_o extend_v their_o protection_n so_o far_o call_v by_o they_o districtus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o territorium_fw-la which_o be_v most_o plain_a in_o those_o sea_n where_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n be_v so_o sensible_a and_o visible_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n dominion_n visible_a mark_v of_o dominion_n or_o where_o there_o be_v such_o rock_n or_o eminent_a mark_n as_o the_o washes_n at_o the_o west_n sea_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n paulus_n a_o renown_a civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o he_o who_o will_v possess_v himself_o of_o 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and_o here_o i_o must_v remember_v the_o singular_a care_n which_o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n doctor_n abbot_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n canturburie_n a_o rare_a book_n remoin_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o england_n have_v have_v in_o procure_v at_o his_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o posterity_n a_o excellent_a great_a volume_n or_o manuscript_n which_o be_v heretofore_o take_v at_o calais_n in_o france_n when_o the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o same_o anno_fw-la 1596_o and_o carry_v to_o brussels_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v the_o perusal_n and_o make_v a_o abstract_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o john_n king_n of_o france_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o elder_a son_n namely_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n of_o wales_n and_z charles_n duke_n of_o normandy_n regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
their_o body_n until_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o albeit_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v right_o term_v to_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n man_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n concern_v understanding_n and_o will_n have_v their_o proper_a relation_n for_o that_o part_n call_v understanding_n be_v seat_v chief_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o will_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n both_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o knowledge_n the_o philosopher_n have_v make_v this_o distinction_n by_o their_o chemical_a observation_n and_o such_o as_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o blood_n disperse_v through_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n do_v also_o place_v the_o will_n of_o man_n in_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o the_o anatomist_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concavitie_n where_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o vital_a blood_n be_v place_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v fear_v up_o and_o the_o place_n be_v shrink_v in_o body_n which_o have_v be_v poison_v to_o make_v application_n of_o this_o comparison_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o spirit_n comparison_n application_n of_o the_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n that_o even_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v predominant_a over_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o all_o the_o action_n thereof_o which_o by_o the_o blood_n be_v quicken_v and_o preserve_v even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n overrule_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o action_n of_o money_n be_v feel_v or_o see_v direct_v the_o same_o by_o some_o due_a proportion_n according_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n for_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a by_o the_o roman_n be_v almost_o 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allowance_n to_o accommodate_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v call_v numularij_fw-la argentarij_fw-la and_o collybistae_n that_o be_v to_o say_v numularij_fw-la of_o nummus_fw-la or_o the_o coin_n itself_o argentarij_fw-la because_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v most_o usual_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o collybistae_n because_o it_o signify_v a_o reward_n for_o exchange_v here_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n which_o have_v be_v use_v and_o in_o some_o country_n be_v yet_o continue_v albeit_o some_o of_o they_o be_v abrogate_a in_o england_n common_o call_v cambio_n commune_v cambio_n real_a cambio_n sicco_fw-it and_o cambio_n fictitio_fw-la which_o denomination_n may_v be_v admit_v the_o first_o manner_n of_o exchange_n call_v cambio_n commune_v commune_fw-la i_o cambio_n commune_fw-la be_v proper_o that_o exchange_n which_o the_o say_v collibistae_fw-la or_o common_a exchanger_n do_v use_v by_o the_o 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whereof_o accompany_v with_o my_o bind_a duty_n have_v embolden_v i_o of_o late_a to_o dedicate_v unto_o your_o sacred_a majesty_n a_o little_a treatise_n entitle_v the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n wherein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o volume_n which_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v present_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o i_o as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o by_o progression_n in_o wisdom_n endeavour_v to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o knowledge_n do_v perceive_v that_o the_o near_o approach_v thereunto_o seem_v to_o he_o to_o be_v further_a off_o so_o my_o endeavour_n strive_v to_o deserve_v some_o thing_n at_o your_o royal_a hand_n seem_v unto_o i_o to_o merit_v least_o of_o all_o but_o be_v confident_a of_o your_o most_o gracious_a benignity_n and_o superexcee_a grace_n i_o do_v offer_n unto_o your_o most_o judicial_a eye_n this_o law-merchant_n describe_v according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o 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the_o cause_n as_o gellius_n report_v that_o draco_n a_o citizen_n of_o athens_n make_v their_o law_n so_o strict_a and_o severe_a that_o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v write_v with_o blood_n and_o not_o with_o ink_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o law_n make_v by_o solon_n be_v compare_v to_o a_o spider_n web_n which_o take_v the_o lesser_a fly_n and_o suffer_v the_o great_a to_o escape_v and_o to_o break_v the_o same_o so_o that_o every_o extreme_a be_v vicious_a reason_n require_v a_o law_n not_o too_o cruel_a in_o her_o frown_n nor_o too_o partial_a in_o her_o favour_n neither_o of_o these_o defect_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n because_o the_o same_o do_v proper_o consist_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o be_v approve_v by_o all_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o cicero_n vera_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la natura_fw-la congruens_fw-la diffusa_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la constans_n 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grain_n 4_o 4_o d_o â…˜_n of_o 1_o â—_o 4_o grain_n 6_o 7_o d_o â…•_n of_o 1_o ½_n graine_n 10_o 12_o d_o of_o 1_o ¾_n graine_n 13_o be_v 15_o do_v ½_n of_o 2_o grain_n 16_o 19_o do_v â…•_n of_o 2_o ¼_n grain_n 18_o 21_o do_v â…—_n of_o 2_o ¾_n grain_n 30_o 3_o ss_z of_o 3_o grain_n 40_o 4_o ss_z of_o 3_o ¼_n grain_n 50_o solz_n 5_o of_o 3_o ½_n grain_n 60_o 6_o of_o 3_o â—_o 4_o grain_n 70_o 7_o of_o 4_o gr._n carrot_fw-la 80_o 8_o of_o 4_o ¼_n grain_n 90_o 9_o of_o 4_o ½_n grain_n 100_o 10_o of_o 5_o grain_n 120_o 12_o of_o 6_o grain_n 240_o 24_o of_o 7_o grain_n 460_o 46_o of_o 8_o gr._n be_v 2_o carrat_n 60_o pearl_n of_o a_o carratt_n be_v worth_a now_o ten_o shilling_n and_o the_o other_o sort_n under_o the_o same_o or_o above_o it_o according_o i_o have_v 1600_o of_o a_o carratt_n which_o be_v sell_v for_o 9_o ss_z and_z 900_o of_o two_o carrat_n sell_v for_o 36_o shilling_n and_o many_o fair_a pendant_n whereof_o no_o price_n can_v be_v make_v in_o certainty_n they_o must_v have_v the_o due_a proportion_n of_o a_o pear_n and_o be_v of_o excellent_a water_n yellow_a pearl_n be_v not_o worth_a half_a the_o price_n of_o the_o east_n india_n brown_a pearl_n albeit_o they_o be_v a_o little_a help_v to_o make_v they_o white_a for_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a quod_fw-la natura_fw-la dedit_fw-la nemo_fw-la tollere_fw-la potest_fw-la but_o if_o they_o be_v yellow_a accidental_o than_o they_o will_v become_v very_o fair_a by_o the_o remedy_n follow_v take_v two_o ounce_n of_o white_a argall_n or_o tartar_n and_o one_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n sublimate_n and_o 1_o ½_n ounce_n of_o allome_n put_v they_o together_o into_o a_o clean_a pipkin_n or_o lead_v pot_n pour_v upon_o it_o the_o best_a aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la you_o can_v get_v and_o bind_v your_o pearl_n into_o a_o clean_a clout_n and_o hang_v they_o in_o the_o pot_n and_o so_o let_v they_o stand_v over_o the_o fire_n one_o hour_n not_o touch_v any_o part_n of_o the_o pot_n and_o they_o will_v be_v fair_a and_o white_a if_o they_o be_v great_a round_a pearl_n they_o may_v be_v scale_v for_o natural_o the_o pearl_n be_v like_a unto_o a_o onion_n scale_v one_o upon_o another_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o friend_n of_o my_o acquaintance_n call_v mounsieur_fw-fr hellman_n tell_v i_o many_o year_n since_o that_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o philip_n the_o three_o late_a king_n of_o spain_n he_o show_v unto_o he_o two_o excellent_a great_a round_a pearl_n which_o he_o value_v at_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n or_o three_o thousand_o pound_n which_o the_o young_a prince_n take_v in_o his_o hand_n say_v bocado_fw-it por_fw-mi un_fw-fr roy_fw-fr a_o morsel_n for_o a_o king_n and_o swallow_v they_o down_o one_o after_o another_o the_o merchant_n make_v account_v to_o receive_v money_n for_o his_o pearl_n but_o he_o can_v not_o and_o be_v glad_a within_o two_o day_n after_o to_o take_v his_o pearl_n again_o which_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v become_v yellow_a come_v to_o antuerp_n a_o certain_a jew_n undertake_v to_o take_v off_o the_o upper_a scale_n and_o so_o they_o be_v exceed_o fair_a again_o but_o diminish_v they_o be_v afterward_o sell_v to_o the_o great_a turk_n for_o above_o two_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n thus_o much_o for_o oriental_a and_o occidental_a pearl_n where_o note_n that_o the_o weight_n for_o pearl_n in_o seville_a be_v lesser_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o lisbon_n by_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o the_o climate_n in_o the_o east_n be_v hot_a than_o in_o the_o west_n and_o the_o water_n more_o faltish_a which_o cause_v the_o diversity_n of_o colour_n in_o scotland_n be_v many_o time_n
his_o fraud_n if_o the_o factor_n do_v sell_v another_o man_n commodity_n to_o a_o man_n discredit_v who_o can_v usual_o as_o before_o buy_v commodity_n at_o the_o ordinary_a price_n as_o other_o man_n and_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o this_o man_n break_v the_o factor_n shall_v pay_v for_o the_o say_v good_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v they_o be_v worth_a unless_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o party_n weak_a estate_n and_o credit_n or_o that_o he_o sell_v he_o good_n of_o his_o own_o account_n also_o which_o argue_v plain_a deal_n or_o that_o he_o have_v commission_n of_o the_o other_o man_n to_o deal_v for_o he_o as_o if_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o proper_a good_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v and_o yet_o in_o this_o case_n he_o can_v barter_v any_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n for_o other_o commodity_n batter_v batter_v but_o he_o must_v have_v express_a commission_n and_o order_n for_o it_o from_o the_o merchant_n neither_o can_v he_o transfer_v or_o set_v 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in_o no_o fault_n howbeit_o he_o ought_v to_o give_v advice_n unto_o the_o merchant_n what_o commodity_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n which_o be_v absolute_a governor_n in_o their_o haven_n harbour_n port_n or_o creek_n money_n money_n if_o a_o factor_n commit_v any_o unlawful_a act_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o merchant_n be_v it_o for_o the_o transportation_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o and_o if_o it_o happen_v thereupon_o that_o the_o same_o be_v take_v the_o merchant_n bear_v the_o loss_n and_o yet_o the_o factor_n be_v subject_a to_o pay_v treble_a damage_n by_o the_o law_n if_o it_o be_v follow_v within_o the_o year_n or_o may_v be_v fine_v for_o the_o same_o in_o the_o starchamber_n although_o it_o be_v many_o year_n after_o if_o a_o factor_n do_v pay_v money_n for_o a_o merchant_n without_o commission_n to_o another_o man_n it_o be_v at_o his_o peril_n to_o answer_v for_o it_o and_o if_o he_o deliver_v other_o man_n money_n at_o interest_n and_o take_v more_o than_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n whereby_o the_o say_a statute_n against_o usury_n take_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o the_o money_n be_v lose_v the_o say_a factor_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v therewith_o and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o money_n unto_o the_o merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v receive_v other_o man_n good_n or_o money_n into_o his_o custody_n be_v rob_v of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o money_n he_o be_v to_o bear_v the_o loss_n good_n lose_a good_n and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n but_o not_o in_o case_n where_o the_o unmerciful_a element_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n shall_v destroy_v the_o say_a good_n or_o money_n or_o where_o a_o town_n be_v sack_v or_o peel_v which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o owner_n or_o proprietary_n of_o the_o same_o if_o a_o factor_n buy_v a_o commodity_n commodity_n damnify_v commodity_n which_o afterward_o become_v damnify_v by_o some_o accident_n or_o casualty_n whereby_o the_o merchant_n for_o who_o account_n he_o buy_v the_o same_o become_v a_o loose_a that_o factor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v with_o any_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o if_o the_o commodity_n be_v damnify_v before_o than_o he_o be_v to_o bear_v some_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n although_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v know_v afterward_o a_o factor_n buy_v for_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n one_o hundred_o ton_n of_o allome_n which_o come_v from_o civita_n vecchia_n lade_v with_o some_o candia_n oil_n whereof_o some_o part_n be_v spill_v upon_o the_o say_a allome_n afterward_o the_o same_o be_v mingle_v together_o be_v sell_v and_o transport_v to_o amsterdam_n and_o there_o sell_v to_o the_o dyer_n of_o harlem_n amsterdam_n and_o rotterdam_n who_o use_v the_o same_o find_v their_o cloth_n stain_v in_o diverse_a place_n for_o where_o the_o oil_n touch_v there_o the_o colour_n can_v not_o take_v so_o that_o they_o become_v great_a loser_n as_o appear_v by_o diverse_a testimonial_n the_o factor_n do_v thereupon_o demand_v reparation_n of_o damage_n of_o he_o who_o sell_v he_o the_o allome_a and_o the_o merchant_n do_v the_o like_a of_o the_o factor_n for_o there_o be_v above_o 300_o will_v lost_n whereupon_o the_o matter_n be_v much_o debate_v among_o merchant_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o do_v deliver_v their_o parece_a or_o opinion_n in_o writing_n merchant_n the_o parece_a of_o merchant_n and_o be_v find_v that_o the_o factor_n have_v knowledge_n that_o some_o oil_n have_v be_v spill_v upon_o the_o allome_a and_o nevertheless_o buy_v the_o same_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o merchant_n to_o pay_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o say_a loss_n and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v bear_v between_o the_o dyer_n and_o the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o he_o that_o sell_v the_o allome_n be_v clear_v and_o full_o pay_v so_o that_o in_o these_o case_n the_o circumstance_n and_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v if_o a_o factor_n do_v receive_v money_n for_o other_o man_n account_n money_n loss_n by_o money_n which_o afterward_o be_v decry_v or_o some_o loss_n do_v happen_v by_o exchange_v the_o same_o be_v it_o upon_o copper_n money_n or_o light_a gold_n take_v for_o merchandise_n sell_v every_o man_n be_v to_o bear_v that_o loss_n proportionable_o according_a to_o his_o sum_n and_o the_o factor_n be_v to_o sustain_v no_o damage_n thereby_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o false_a coin_n by_o he_o receive_v which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o know_v credit_n letter_n of_o credit_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v by_o a_o merchant_n letter_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v credit_n unto_o other_o he_o must_v look_v very_o precise_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o according_o which_o letter_n of_o credit_n be_v either_o ample_a or_o restrain_v to_o certain_a condition_n and_o limitation_n of_o time_n place_n person_n sum_n and_o many_o other_o circumstance_n if_o they_o be_v ample_a then_o be_v it_o dangerous_a for_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n and_o may_v also_o procure_v a_o loss_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o factor_n wherein_o consideration_n must_v be_v have_v both_o way_n suppose_v a._n b._n of_o london_n write_v his_o letter_n unto_o c._n d._n of_o antuerp_n in_o these_o word_n if_o e._n f._n of_o amsterdam_n or_o any_o other_o of_o my_o friend_n there_o draw_v by_o exchange_n upon_o you_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n it_o may_v please_v you_o to_o follow_v his_o and_o my_o friend_n order_n i_o will_v be_v your_o warrant_n for_o all_o and_o have_v a_o care_n that_o all_o shall_v be_v accomplish_v orderly_o c.d._n
do_v concur_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o coppenhaven_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o have_v abridge_v as_o also_o set_v down_o certain_a act_n or_o statute_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o sea_n matter_n but_o for_o the_o most_o para_fw-it agree_v also_o with_o the_o say_a law_n of_o oleron_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n set_v down_o upon_o every_o occasion_n offer_v unto_o i_o to_o make_v application_n of_o they_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n all_o controversy_n and_o difference_n of_o seafaring_a action_n or_o maritime_a cause_n aught_o to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n which_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o custom_n and_o observation_n and_o from_o they_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o any_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o be_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o write_v down_o and_o authorise_v as_o a_o law_n than_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n of_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o say_v seafaring_a cause_n and_o herein_o be_v all_o convenient_a expedition_n require_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v summary_o and_o brief_o determine_v especial_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n wherein_o delay_n or_o protraction_n in_o law_n be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v such_o afflict_a person_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v appellation_n present_a execution_n and_o restitution_n of_o good_n be_v use_v in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n upon_o caution_n first_o find_v by_o the_o spoil_a to_o satisfy_v the_o condemnation_n to_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n find_v of_o appellation_n maritime_a witness_n in_o cause_n maritime_a and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o witness_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n may_v be_v examine_v although_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v not_o call_v thereunto_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n sail_v together_o in_o one_o ship_n may_v bear_v witness_v each_o to_o other_o and_o mariner_n against_o the_o master_n when_o they_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n if_o he_o do_v fail_v in_o his_o proof_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o sentence_n judicio_fw-la cisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n do_v stand_v out_o or_o commit_v a_o comtempt_n by_o not_o appear_v for_o to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n or_o thing_n challenge_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v after_o four_o default_n enter_v deliver_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o part_v thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o within_o that_o time_n than_o the_o property_n be_v final_o adjudge_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o he_o do_v appear_v within_o the_o time_n offer_v to_o pay_v the_o expense_n and_o put_v in_o caution_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v but_o this_o caution_n or_o surety_n be_v liable_a absolute_o for_o all_o from_o the_o beginning_n and_o can_v be_v discharge_v as_o a_o bail_n may_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n england_n difference_n between_o caution_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o bail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n bring_v in_o the_o party_n at_o convenient_a time_n summons_n and_o citation_n be_v not_o needful_a where_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o question_n be_v forthcoming_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v or_o the_o good_n be_v find_v if_o any_o man_n be_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v for_o the_o like_a matter_n he_o be_v present_o to_o be_v discharge_v upon_o surety_n and_o especial_o mariner_n because_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v of_o their_o voyage_n which_o he_o may_v do_v with_o so_o much_o good_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o as_o he_o have_v within_o shipboard_n at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o otherwise_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n be_v interrupt_v cahp._n xix_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n may_v be_v distinguish_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o regal_a notariall_a and_o verbal_a the_o regal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o merchant_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v call_v royal_a merchant_n for_o whereas_o the_o venetian_n have_v the_o trade_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n solemn_a regal_a contract_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n solemn_a the_o portugall_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n by_o navigation_n do_v bereave_v the_o venetian_n of_o that_o trade_n as_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n other_o nation_n have_v almost_o compass_v that_o trade_n of_o spice_n and_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o portugall_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v always_o the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o pepper_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o for_o that_o they_o will_v contract_v again_o with_o the_o german_n or_o other_o principal_a merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o their_o own_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carracke_n at_o lixborne_n according_a unto_o which_o it_o be_v sell_v again_o with_o reputation_n to_o other_o merchant_n and_o disperse_v into_o diverse_a country_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o do_v for_o clove_n and_o mace_n and_o sometime_o for_o indigo_n and_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o assignation_n in_o the_o bank_n of_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n and_o sometime_o at_o florence_n and_o other_o place_n hereupon_o be_v the_o contraction-house_n at_o lixborne_n erect_v and_o name_v according_o where_o the_o say_v spice_n and_o commodity_n be_v bring_v and_o sell_v again_o such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v make_v with_o merchant_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o town_n in_o africa_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o ceuta_n mosegam_n tangere_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o payment_n whereof_o have_v be_v make_v again_o by_o pepper_n upon_o some_o especial_a contract_n and_o the_o merchant_n have_v thereupon_o also_o make_v other_o contract_n with_o merchant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o deliver_v they_o that_o pepper_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o to_o take_v corn_n in_o payment_n but_o the_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v by_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n such_o be_v the_o contract_v make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o three_o with_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o italy_n call_v le_fw-fr grand_a party_n for_o salt_n which_o they_o by_o authority_n do_v engross_v for_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v also_o from_o other_o country_n by_o sole_a permission_n cause_v every_o household_n in_o all_o france_n to_o take_v a_o proportion_n yearly_a or_o to_o pay_v for_o it_o whether_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o or_o not_o which_o be_v a_o italian_a invention_n and_o for_o this_o they_o pay_v by_o contract_n unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a be_v two_o million_o of_o french_a crown_n yearly_a such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n make_v with_o merchant_n of_o london_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o apparel_n for_o the_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a war_n with_o the_o earl_n tirone_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n insomuch_o that_o the_o several_a contract_n for_o apparel_n come_v to_o ninety_o six_o thousand_o suit_n of_o apparel_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o the_o record_n and_o account_n extant_a in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a contract_n be_v make_v by_o commission_n grant_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o some_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v thereby_o authority_n to_o contract_n for_o the_o same_o with_o merchant_n or_o other_o notariall_a contract_n have_v partly_o dependence_n upon_o the_o same_o public_a notariall_n contract_v call_v public_a for_o when_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v contract_v with_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v to_o provide_v sudden_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v contract_v for_o or_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v buy_v or_o ingross_v into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o merchant_n either_o to_o provide_v they_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o to_o sell_v they_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v
express_v they_o upon_o the_o very_a word_n contain_v in_o all_o or_o most_o policy_n of_o assurance_n namely_o of_o the_o sea_n man_n of_o war_n fire_n enemy_n pirate_n rover_n thief_n jettezon_n letter_n of_o mart_n and_o covenant_n arrest_v restraint_n and_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o other_o person_n barratrie_a of_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n and_o of_o all_o other_o peril_n loss_n and_o misfortune_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v and_o howsoever_o they_o shall_v happen_v or_o come_v to_o the_o hurt_n and_o detriment_n of_o the_o good_n and_o merchandise_n or_o any_o part_n or_o parcel_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n first_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n say_v that_o such_o a_o man_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v cause_v himself_o to_o be_v assure_v from_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o place_n upon_o good_n or_o etc._n etc._n lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v in_o the_o good_a ship_n call_v the_o dragon_n or_o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o burden_n of_o so_o many_o ton_n whereof_o a.b._n be_v master_n for_o such_o a_o voyage_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o adventure_n abovesaid_a if_o the_o person_n who_o name_n be_v use_v in_o the_o assurance_n be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n take_v to_o be_v no_o friend_n to_o the_o state_n there_o be_v a_o danger_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a assurance_n if_o after_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o assurour_n the_o good_n shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o be_v make_v forfeit_v to_o answer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o prince_n albeit_o this_o be_v by_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n contradict_v in_o the_o point_n of_o honour_n as_o it_o please_v she_o of_o a_o royal_a and_o noble_a disposition_n to_o say_v in_o a_o case_n concern_v the_o portugall_n subject_n to_o her_o adversary_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1589_o a_o great_a ship_n be_v take_v by_o certain_a man_n of_o war_n of_o london_n and_o bring_v into_o plymouth_n lade_v with_o pepper_n sugar_n and_o other_o commodity_n at_o lixborne_n to_o be_v deliver_v at_o venice_n it_o please_v the_o lord_n of_o her_o highness_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n to_o deliver_v unto_o i_o all_o the_o letter_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o inuoyce_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o say_a ship_n be_v write_v in_o six_o or_o seven_o several_a language_n to_o the_o end_n i_o shall_v make_v true_a report_n of_o the_o content_n of_o they_o to_o know_v to_o who_o proper_o the_o say_a good_n do_v appertain_v in_o do_v whereof_o i_o find_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o say_a good_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n as_o also_o to_o the_o florentine_n with_o who_o the_o say_a queen_n have_v no_o quarrel_n but_o that_o the_o say_v good_n be_v assure_v at_o lixborne_n by_o the_o portugal_n merchant_n hereupon_o there_o be_v a_o pretence_n to_o make_v they_o good_a prize_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v long_o debate_v and_o at_o last_o resolve_v that_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v restitution_n of_o their_o good_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o portugall_n be_v great_a loser_n many_o way_n which_o be_v do_v according_o the_o loss_n which_o ordinary_o according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n happen_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v know_v the_o like_a be_v more_o or_o less_o with_o man_n of_o war_n enemy_n pirate_n rover_n and_o thief_n assuror_n lâ—sses_n to_o bâ—_n well_o consider_v of_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o assuror_n especial_o with_o man_n of_o war_n in_o time_n of_o hostility_n as_o it_o be_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n by_o pirate_n rover_n or_o thief_n which_o be_v assail_a thief_n for_o otherwise_o if_o there_o be_v thief_n on_o shipboard_n within_o themselves_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o that_o and_o to_o make_v it_o good_a so_o that_o the_o assuror_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v with_o any_o such_o loss_n which_o sometime_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o fraudulent_a assurance_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o steal_a good_n within_o shipboard_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o assuror_n so_o likewise_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o pilot_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v on_o their_o behalf_n by_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n after_o that_o the_o pilot_n have_v bring_v the_o ship_n in_o sure_a harbour_n he_o be_v no_o further_o bind_v or_o liable_a for_o then_o the_o master_n be_v to_o see_v to_o her_o bed_n and_o her_o lie_v and_o bear_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o burden_n charge_n and_o danger_n so_o that_o if_o before_o she_o come_v into_o the_o port_n or_o some_o safety_n either_o she_o or_o good_n perish_v or_o be_v spoil_v pilot_n law_n against_o unskilful_a pilot_n the_o pilot_n make_v good_a the_o same_o yea_o if_o his_o fault_n or_o ignorance_n be_v so_o gross_a that_o the_o company_n see_v any_o manifest_a and_o present_a wrack_n to_o all_o thereby_o then_o may_v they_o lead_v he_o to_o the_o hatch_n and_o strike_v off_o his_o head_n moreover_o if_o without_o apparent_a danger_n some_o of_o the_o skilful_a mariner_n deem_v that_o a_o pilot_n be_v not_o so_o skilful_a as_o he_o make_v boast_v or_o profession_n of_o then_o shall_v he_o both_o lose_v his_o hire_n and_o double_a the_o same_o to_o the_o admiral_n and_o master_n or_o else_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n pass_v thrice_o under_o the_o ship_n keel_n and_o also_o if_o a_o pilot_n hire_v for_o a_o voyage_n be_v not_o ready_a against_o the_o day_n he_o shall_v not_o only_o pay_v the_o master_n and_o merchant_n damage_n or_o stay_v but_o also_o the_o freight_n that_o be_v lose_v thereby_o except_o sickness_n or_o some_o very_a lawful_a excuse_n qualify_v the_o same_o the_o like_a consideration_n must_v be_v have_v in_o the_o contribution_n make_v to_o satisfy_v pirate_n for_o if_o ship_n or_o good_n be_v redeem_v from_o a_o pirate_n the_o contribution_n must_v be_v make_v by_o all_o because_o the_o redemption_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o all_o pirate_n contribution_n for_o pirate_n but_o if_o the_o pirate_n be_v once_o master_n of_o all_o and_o yet_o take_v but_o some_o special_a good_n whether_o from_o ship_n or_o merchant_n and_o not_o as_o a_o contentation_n for_o spare_v of_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o case_n because_o the_o remainder_n be_v not_o assure_v thereby_o but_o free_o spare_v no_o contribution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o take_v good_n to_o charge_v any_o assuror_n with_o any_o part_n thereof_o for_o oftentimes_o pirate_n take_v but_o thing_n at_o pleasure_n and_o not_o of_o mind_n to_o spoil_v but_o now_o adays_o common_o it_o be_v take_v and_o suppose_v otherwise_o howbeit_o beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o loser_n of_o the_o good_n so_o take_v bear_v his_o own_o loss_n unless_o it_o be_v assure_v it_o be_v so_o judge_v by_o a_o pack_n of_o stocking_n take_v out_o of_o a_o ship_n of_o amsterdam_n bind_v for_o sanlucar_n by_o the_o moor_n of_o barbary_n in_o the_o year_n 1589_o and_o the_o assuror_n pay_v according_o who_o have_v assure_v only_o upon_o that_o pack_n whereas_o if_o it_o have_v be_v cast_v into_o a_o aueridge_n to_o make_v all_o the_o assuror_n of_o that_o ship_n contributory_a the_o â—aid_a assuror_n have_v be_v much_o ease_v good_n contribution_n for_o spoil_a good_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n be_v if_o by_o the_o lose_n of_o any_o cast_a good_n or_o upon_o any_o needful_a occasion_n the_o remain_a good_n be_v spoil_v either_o with_o wet_a or_o otherwise_o a_o contribution_n shall_v be_v make_v proportionable_a for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o be_v make_v worse_a again_o if_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o lighten_v a_o ship_n for_o her_o easy_a entry_n into_o the_o harbour_n or_o channel_n lightning_n contribution_n for_o lightning_n two_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n fall_v upon_o the_o good_n and_o the_o three_o part_n upon_o the_o ship_n unless_o the_o ship_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o the_o lade_n and_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o good_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o inability_n to_o enter_v but_o some_o bad_a quality_n proceed_v of_o the_o ship_n itself_o or_o that_o otherways_o it_o be_v provide_v in_o the_o charter-party_n that_o the_o good_n shall_v be_v full_o deliver_v at_o the_o port_n covenant_v and_o appoint_v for_o they_o condition_n make_v law_n which_o concern_v the_o assuror_n also_o to_o look_v unto_o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o by_o occasion_n of_o lightning_n the_o good_n which_o be_v in_o the_o boat_n or_o light_a perish_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o good_n remain_v on_o shipboard_n shall_v make_v good_a the_o say_a loss_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n remain_v perish_a after_o the_o light_a be_v once_o safe_a no_o contribution_n shall_v be_v set_v upon_o the_o good_n in_o
the_o light_a because_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n that_o good_n be_v liable_a only_o to_o contribution_n when_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v safe_a to_o the_o port._n item_n contribution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o pilot_n fee_n pilot_n contribution_n for_o pilot_n that_o have_v bring_v the_o ship_n into_o a_o unknown_a port_n for_o her_o safeguard_n as_o also_o to_o raise_v she_o off_o ground_n when_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o in_o the_o master_n so_o be_v it_o when_o two_o ship_n rush_v and_o cross_v one_o over_o another_o and_o the_o company_n swear_v that_o it_o lay_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o stay_v the_o same_o contribution_n must_v be_v make_v for_o the_o reparation_n of_o both_o their_o loss_n but_o not_o so_o if_o one_o of_o they_o perish_v for_o which_o a_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o negligent_a master_n or_o mariner_n who_o do_v make_v she_o loose_v and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o chance_n do_v happen_v in_o the_o day_n time_n by_o a_o ship_n under_o sail_n against_o a_o ship_n ride_v at_o anchor_n then_o the_o master_n of_o that_o sail_a ship_n shall_v make_v good_a the_o damage_n and_o hurt_v of_o the_o other_o to_o the_o uttermost_a and_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v if_o in_o the_o night_n the_o ride_a ship_n do_v put_v forth_o fire_n and_o light_n or_o make_v any_o cry_v to_o forewarn_v the_o other_o it_o also_o appertain_v to_o this_o argument_n if_o some_o sort_n of_o good_n as_o salt_n or_o corn_n be_v lay_v on_o heap_n by_o diverse_a partner_n in_o one_o ship_n without_o distinction_n and_o that_o the_o master_n deliver_v to_o any_o of_o they_o their_o due_a measure_n and_o before_o the_o rest_n receive_v their_o measure_n the_o remain_a salt_n or_o corn_n wash_v or_o lose_v he_o that_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o be_v first_o serve_v enjoy_v it_o full_o without_o any_o contribution_n to_o the_o partner_n serve_v first_o come_v first_o serve_v because_o when_o these_o good_n be_v put_v into_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o master_n tanquam_fw-la in_o creditum_fw-la and_o so_o he_o be_v become_v owner_n as_o of_o money_n lend_v which_o man_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o redeliver_v in_o the_o self_n same_o piece_n but_o in_o value_n or_o such_o like_a coin_n except_o there_o be_v some_o condition_n pass_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v unto_o the_o master_n as_o a_o fault_n yet_o if_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o loss_n thereby_o will_v bring_v in_o this_o as_o a_o aueridge_n and_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o contribution_n it_o be_v unjust_a for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o master_n must_v of_o necessity_n deliver_v to_o one_o man_n before_o another_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o will_v set_v down_o the_o manner_n of_o execution_n for_o contribution_n otherwise_o call_v aueridge_n concern_v the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o letter_n of_o mart_n mart._n letter_n of_o mart._n or_o contremart_n sive_fw-la ius_fw-la reprisaliarum_fw-la or_o letter_n of_o marque_n every_o one_o know_v that_o man_n have_v these_o commission_n or_o letter_n from_o their_o prince_n be_v very_o vigilant_a in_o all_o place_n to_o surprise_v merchant_n ship_n and_o good_n for_o in_o this_o one_o extremity_n do_v enforce_v another_o extremity_n when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v with_o robbery_n spoil_n and_o violence_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o man_n false_o profess_v friend_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o no_o petition_n intercession_n or_o travel_n can_v procure_v a_o man_n right_a but_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o one_o prince_n have_v open_a denial_n of_o justice_n or_o restitution_n of_o good_n can_v be_v have_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n nor_o of_o the_o prince_n himself_o who_o shall_v suppress_v injury_n and_o wrong_n then_o because_o such_o unjust_a deal_n do_v import_v just_a cause_n of_o hostility_n and_o warfare_n may_v these_o letter_n of_o mart_n be_v procure_v to_o the_o end_n man_n may_v have_v restitution_n or_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n especial_o because_o these_o proceed_n seem_v to_o denounce_v a_o war_n without_o any_o proclamation_n show_v unto_o other_o nation_n the_o like_a distasteful_a favour_n as_o they_o show_v unto_o we_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v by_o custom_n reason_n and_o also_o by_o statute_n law_n in_o scotland_n and_o afterward_o in_o england_n the_o assuror_n therefore_o can_v be_v favour_v herein_o prince_n detainment_n of_o prince_n the_o next_o be_v arrest_n restraint_n and_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o other_o person_n happen_v both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n commit_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n as_o also_o by_o private_a person_n both_o way_n dangerous_a ship_n privilege_a ship_n there_o be_v in_o all_o country_n privilege_a ship_n and_o boat_n serve_v the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o have_v great_a prerogative_n and_o be_v free_a of_o impost_n and_o custom_n and_o not_o subject_a to_o arrest_n therefore_o the_o assuror_n be_v not_o to_o care_v for_o they_o for_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o prince_n and_o all_o ship_n be_v subject_a to_o this_o service_n upon_o command_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v their_o ship_n be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o sea-lawe_n therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v always_o require_v it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a matter_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n to_o make_v a_o embargo_fw-mi upon_o all_o ship_n at_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o west-india_n fleet_n or_o the_o carracke_n for_o the_o east-indies_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o other_o occasion_n whereby_o merchant_n ship_n be_v lade_v be_v much_o hinder_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v with_o wine_n oil_n raisin_n and_o such_o like_a perishable_a ware_n now_o if_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o good_n shall_v think_v that_o his_o ware_n do_v perish_v lie_v two_o or_o three_o month_n lade_v or_o if_o it_o be_v corn_n that_o may_v become_v hot_a and_o spoil_v he_o may_v renounce_v these_o good_n or_o ware_n to_o the_o assuror_n and_o thereby_o bring_v a_o great_a loss_n upon_o they_o yet_o nevertheless_o he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o abandon_v the_o good_n for_o by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n it_o be_v always_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o misfortune_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o assurance_n a_o proviso_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n his_o factor_n or_o assign_n or_o his_o servant_n or_o any_o of_o they_o to_o sue_v labour_n and_o travel_v for_o in_o and_o about_o the_o defence_n safeguard_n or_o recovery_n of_o the_o good_n and_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v contribute_v each_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o sum_n by_o he_o assure_v so_o that_o albeit_o that_o it_o do_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o good_n be_v not_o utter_o lose_v when_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o the_o assure_a must_v recover_v his_o whole_a money_n because_o he_o have_v authority_n by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n to_o recover_v they_o or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o he_o be_v afterward_o to_o yield_v a_o account_n thereof_o for_o so_o much_o as_o do_v concern_v every_o man_n ratable_o otherwise_o the_o assure_v shall_v be_v discourage_v if_o by_o those_o mean_n he_o shall_v make_v his_o assurance_n intricate_a and_o subject_a to_o all_o cavilation_n and_o to_o the_o interruption_n of_o so_o necessary_a and_o laudable_a a_o custom_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o assurance_n be_v therefore_o as_o in_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n we_o have_v a_o care_n for_o the_o assuror_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o those_o that_o cause_n assurance_n to_o be_v make_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o will_v avoid_v to_o minister_v any_o occasion_n whereupon_o they_o may_v become_v quarrelsome_a but_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o commissioner_n determination_n who_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o least_o best_o able_a to_o examine_v the_o premise_n now_o concern_v the_o arrest_n of_o particular_a person_n ship_n arrest_n upon_o ship_n upon_o ship_n or_o good_n the_o assure_a can_v make_v no_o renunciation_n to_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o any_o loss_n either_o in_o the_o total_a or_o part_n because_o upon_o caution_n give_v to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o ship_n or_o good_n arrest_v be_v instant_o clear_v in_o all_o place_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o arrest_n be_v make_v wherein_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o all_o court_n for_o seafaring_a cause_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o see_v expedition_n use_v barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n can_v hardly_o be_v avoid_v master_n barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n but_o by_o a_o provident_a care_n to_o know_v they_o or_o at_o the_o least_o the_o master_n
instrument_n the_o like_a be_v for_o good_n cast_v which_o be_v bring_v within_o shipboard_n without_o the_o master_n or_o his_o pursers_n knowledge_n in_o the_o rate_v of_o good_n by_o way_n of_o contribution_n this_o order_n be_v observe_v if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v cast_v before_o half_a the_o voyage_n perform_v than_o they_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v at_o the_o price_n they_o cost_v if_o after_o then_o at_o the_o price_n as_o the_o rest_n or_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v sell_v at_o the_o place_n of_o discharge_n the_o person_n who_o good_n have_v be_v cast_v be_v to_o be_v careful_a to_o have_v the_o same_o estimate_v before_o the_o ship_n do_v discharge_v and_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o master_n for_o that_o purpose_n for_o the_o law_n do_v intend_v that_o the_o good_n deliver_v unto_o he_o be_v not_o only_o as_o a_o pawn_n or_o pledge_v for_o his_o freight_n but_o also_o bind_v to_o answer_v all_o such_o contribution_n and_o aueridge_n that_o may_v happen_v and_o therefore_o the_o master_n may_v put_v his_o help_a hand_n thereunto_o until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v albeit_o that_o common_o the_o detain_v of_o other_o man_n good_n be_v not_o allow_v sea_n three_o sort_n or_o manner_n of_o good_n token_n upon_o the_o sea_n herein_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o thing_n take_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o we_o have_v already_o note_v to_o be_v good_n take_v by_o letter_n of_o mart_n by_o ius_fw-la represaliarum_fw-la the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o pirate_n or_o sea_n rover_n and_o the_o three_o from_o profess_a enemy_n touch_v that_o which_o be_v take_v from_o pirate_n see_v they_o be_v good_n which_o they_o have_v wrongful_o take_v from_o other_o whether_o they_o be_v find_v in_o their_o own_o or_o their_o successor_n possession_n these_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v a_o just_a prize_n or_o prey_n to_o any_o taker_n of_o they_o so_o that_o account_n be_v make_v of_o they_o to_o the_o admiral_n and_o in_o case_n where_o the_o taker_n do_v find_v the_o good_n of_o his_o friend_n or_o countryman_n with_o the_o pirate_n it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o restitution_n be_v make_v upon_o good_a consideration_n of_o the_o charge_n and_o danger_n sustain_v concern_v the_o same_o if_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n be_v take_v from_o a_o profess_a enemy_n it_o be_v to_o be_v proceed_v in_o according_a to_o the_o authority_n whereby_o it_o be_v take_v but_o if_o good_n be_v take_v by_o a_o profess_a enemy_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a good_n be_v take_v again_o from_o he_o and_o the_o true_a owner_n do_v claim_v they_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o owner_n for_o the_o law_n take_v these_o good_n to_o be_v as_o receive_v and_o not_o take_v yet_o with_o good_a recompense_n for_o they_o but_o when_o such_o good_n become_v a_o lawful_a prize_n to_o the_o taker_n than_o the_o admiral_n be_v to_o have_v his_o ten_o part_n according_a to_o the_o offer_n which_o abraham_n make_v unto_o god_n of_o the_o spoil_n which_o he_o take_v of_o the_o fine_a king_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o good_n so_o take_v be_v to_o be_v proportionable_o divide_v between_o the_o taker_n or_o according_a to_o the_o composition_n former_o make_v in_o these_o case_n there_o be_v always_o a_o favourable_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o if_o two_o foreign_a nation_n be_v at_o war_n and_o the_o one_o take_v a_o ship_n from_o the_o other_o and_o bring_v she_o into_o a_o port_n or_o road_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o neuterall_a nation_n alike_o friend_n to_o both_o then_o may_v the_o admiral_n of_o that_o nation_n ordain_v that_o ship_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o her_o owner_n and_o the_o person_n captive_a to_o their_o former_a liberty_n even_o as_o if_o she_o have_v be_v bring_v back_o to_o her_o own_o port_n or_o country_n again_o *_o âŽ_o *_o cahp._n xxii_o of_o the_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o assurance_n the_o observation_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o matter_n of_o assurance_n be_v very_o material_a for_o every_o merchant_n and_o deserve_v a_o particular_a chapter_n in_o this_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v compile_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o the_o assuror_n benefit_n 1_o the_o first_o i_o have_v touch_v in_o the_o party_n who_o cause_v the_o assurance_n to_o be_v make_v both_o for_o his_o honest_a deal_n and_o whether_o he_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o state_n or_o kingdom_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a 2_o to_o know_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o mariner_n to_o be_v honest_a and_o of_o experience_n to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o barratrie_n and_o other_o accident_n 3_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o of_o she_o sail_v especial_o make_v her_o voyage_n alone_o or_o in_o company_n of_o other_o ship_n whether_o she_o be_v old_a or_o new_a build_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o assurance_n to_o be_v according_o 4_o to_o know_v by_o the_o map_n or_o sea-carde_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n or_o country_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o sail_v and_o the_o danger_n of_o know_a rock_n and_o sand_n 5_o to_o have_v a_o regard_n what_o wind_n must_v serve_v and_o the_o true_a season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o make_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n as_o for_o example_n a_o east_n or_o north-east_n wind_n drive_v from_o the_o land_n for_o spain_n which_o be_v less_o dangerous_a and_o receive_v six_o or_o seven_o pro_fw-la ciento_fw-la when_o a_o western_a or_o northwest_n or_o south-west_n drive_v from_o thence_o upon_o the_o land_n be_v to_o give_v seven_o or_o eight_o pro_fw-la ciento_fw-la in_o winter_n two_o in_o the_o hundred_o more_o than_o in_o summer_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o calm_n in_o place_n dangerous_a as_o now_o in_o the_o strait_n for_o the_o turkish_a pirate_n and_o without_o it_o the_o moor_n of_o barbary_n or_o other_o thief_n so_o ship_n go_v for_o east-land_n against_o winter_n will_v give_v two_o in_o the_o hundred_o more_o than_o in_o summer_n the_o like_a for_o ship_n bind_v for_o several_a port_n more_o subject_a to_o casualty_n etc._n etc._n 6_o to_o consider_v of_o the_o place_n of_o hostility_n where_o the_o ship_n must_v unlade_v or_o touch_v the_o danger_n of_o general_a or_o particular_a embargos_n of_o ship_n the_o likelihood_n of_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n 7_o not_o to_o assure_v for_o unlawful_a place_n of_o trade_n or_o questionable_a between_o prince_n as_o guinea_n and_o there_o about_o the_o west-indies_n unless_o a_o good_a premio_fw-la be_v give_v as_o in_o a_o manner_n upon_o adventure_n lose_v or_o not_o lose_v 8_o to_o know_v upon_o what_o kind_n of_o good_n you_o do_v assure_v whether_o upon_o wine_n oil_n salt_n raisin_n and_o such_o like_a corruptible_a and_o perishable_a ware_n or_o upon_o other_o staple_n commodity_n as_o clothes_n tin_n lead_v or_o silk_n etc._n etc._n not_o subject_a so_o ordinary_o to_o aueridge_n and_o contribution_n as_o the_o other_o 9_o to_o know_v what_o ordnance_n and_o munition_n the_o ship_n be_v provide_v withal_o and_o not_o to_o assure_v upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o with_o good_a advice_n 10_o if_o you_o assure_v upon_o any_o particular_a good_n mark_v to_o know_v whether_o they_o be_v lade_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o there_o be_v danger_n of_o wet_n and_o spoil_v if_o above_o in_o the_o ship_n there_o be_v danger_n of_o pirate_n or_o of_o cast_v overboard_o about_o the_o middle_n be_v best_a 11_o to_o be_v advise_v not_o to_o assure_v beyond_o the_o limitation_n of_o your_o knowledge_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o other_o or_o from_o lixborne_a to_o brazell_n or_o from_o venice_n to_o tripoli_n or_o such_o like_a voyage_n whereof_o you_o can_v convenient_o have_v notice_n from_o time_n to_o time_n 12_o last_o to_o be_v provident_a in_o the_o contribution_n and_o averidge_n to_o answer_v for_o no_o more_o than_o be_v your_o due_n to_o pay_v and_o to_o have_v a_o inspection_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o lade_n if_o doubt_v be_v make_v of_o the_o commissioner_n sufficiency_n or_o knowledge_n in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o assurance_n upon_o the_o life_n of_o man_n whether_o age_a or_o young_a of_o good_a quality_n and_o diet_n of_o disposition_n gentle_a or_o quarrelsome_a a_o traveller_n or_o a_o dweller_n be_v somewhat_o extraordinary_a every_o man_n be_v best_a able_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o by_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o the_o person_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n for_o assurance_n in_o case_n of_o loss_n whereas_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n remain_v with_o the_o assure_a be_v register_v verbatim_o in_o the_o office_n of_o assurance_n to_o the_o end_n that_o
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
have_v be_v content_v since_o our_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o tolerate_v a_o indifferent_a and_o promiscuous_a kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o all_o our_o friend_n whatsoever_o to_o fish_n upon_o our_o stream_n and_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o other_o adjacent_a island_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o permission_n or_o use_n thereof_o may_v not_o redound_v to_o the_o impeachment_n of_o our_o prerogative_n royal_a nor_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o damage_n of_o our_o love_a subject_n who_o preservation_n and_o flourish_a estate_n we_o hold_v ourselves_o principal_o bind_v to_o advance_v before_o all_o worldly_a respect_n so_o find_v that_o our_o conivence_n therein_o have_v not_o only_o give_v occasion_n of_o over_o great_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n or_o rather_o question_v of_o our_o right_n but_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o much_o daily_a wrong_n to_o our_o own_o people_n that_o exercise_n the_o trade_n of_o fish_v as_o either_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o stranger_n which_o do_v preoccupy_v those_o place_n or_o by_o the_o injury_n which_o they_o receive_v most_o common_o at_o their_o hand_n our_o subject_n be_v constrain_v to_o abandon_v their_o fish_n or_o at_o the_o least_o become_v so_o discourage_v in_o the_o same_o as_o they_o hold_v it_o better_o for_o they_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o course_n of_o live_v whereby_o not_o only_o diverse_a of_o our_o coast_n town_n be_v much_o decay_v but_o the_o number_n of_o mariner_n daily_o diminish_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n to_o our_o estate_n consider_v how_o much_o the_o strength_n thereof_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n we_o have_v think_v it_o now_o both_o just_a and_o necessary_a in_o respect_n that_o we_o be_v now_o by_o god_n favour_n lineal_o and_o lawful_o possess_v as_o well_o of_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o of_o ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a to_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o good_a and_o lawful_a mean_n to_o prevent_v those_o inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o same_o in_o the_o consideration_n whereof_o as_o we_o be_v desirous_a that_o the_o world_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o we_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o deny_v our_o neighbour_n and_o ally_n those_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n which_o may_v be_v just_o expect_v at_o our_o hand_n in_o honour_n and_o reason_n or_o be_v afford_v by_o other_o prince_n mutual_o in_o the_o point_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v not_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o they_o so_o because_o some_o such_o convenient_a order_n may_v be_v take_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o may_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o all_o these_o important_a consideration_n which_o do_v depend_v thereupon_o we_o have_v resolve_v first_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o our_o express_a pleasure_n be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n of_o august_n next_o come_v no_o person_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o be_v not_o our_o natural_a bear_v subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_v upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a where_o most_o usual_o heretofore_o any_o fish_n have_v be_v until_o they_o have_v orderly_o demand_v and_o obtain_v licence_n from_o we_o or_o such_o our_o commissioner_n as_o we_o have_v authorise_v in_o that_o behalf_n viz._n at_o london_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o at_o edinburgh_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o scotland_n which_o licence_n our_o intention_n be_v shall_v be_v yearly_a demand_v for_o so_o many_o vessel_n and_o ship_n and_o the_o tonnage_n thereof_o as_o shall_v intend_v to_o fish_v for_o that_o whole_a year_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a upon_o pain_n of_o such_o chastisement_n as_o shall_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o wilful_a offender_n give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o six_o of_o may_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1609._o by_o this_o proclamation_n be_v his_o majesty_n right_a and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n express_v in_o two_o word_n by_o lineal_a and_o lawful_a possession_n of_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o kingdom_n whereunto_o those_o sea_n be_v join_v and_o appertain_v it_o be_v not_o a_o dominion_n obtain_v by_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n as_o poland_n hungary_n and_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o have_v by_o any_o first_o discovery_n wherein_o the_o pope_n must_v be_v a_o mediator_n as_o alexander_n the_o six_o be_v between_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o portugal_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n upon_o the_o globe_n from_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n to_o make_v the_o division_n between_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o like_v to_o the_o whale_n fish_v in_o greeneland_n where_o some_o upon_o their_o discovery_n take_v neither_o possession_n much_o less_o have_v any_o occupation_n which_o make_v the_o strong_a right_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_n as_o some_o italian_a prince_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o do_v nevertheless_o enjoy_v both_o freedom_n and_o benefit_n thereby_o but_o it_o be_v undoubted_a and_o indisputable_a as_o aforesaid_a to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n sea_n the_o best_a mark_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o a_o border_a prince_n upon_o the_o sea_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n which_o he_o take_v upon_o fish_v ship_n whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n in_o russia_n many_o league_n from_o the_o main_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v great_a tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o in_o most_o place_n none_o but_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_n and_o the_o hollander_n do_v give_v he_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n both_o at_o wardhouse_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o king_n of_o sweathen_a have_v do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v now_o continue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o norway_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n take_v for_o tunyne_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o by_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o money_n be_v now_o 18_o penny_n all_o the_o border_a prince_n of_o italy_n do_v take_v tribute_n of_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o their_o several_a territory_n in_o lappia_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v money_n in_o the_o sound_n for_o passage_n to_o fetch_v it_o over_o and_o above_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o fisherman_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a country_n do_v take_v a_o imposition_n upon_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n as_o also_o near_o their_o coast_n and_o their_o subject_n traffic_v with_o the_o russian_n as_o haunce_n noblett_n haunce_n van_n stracle_n robert_n englegrave_n and_o other_o do_v continual_o pay_v the_o ten_o fish_n unto_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n all_o which_o be_v requisite_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v to_o prevent_v trouble_n or_o loss_n for_o the_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n do_v not_o excuse_n as_o our_o merchant_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n have_v find_v to_o their_o exceed_a loss_n heretofore_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n whereas_o custom_n subsidy_n imposition_n toll_n nation_n custom_n upon_o commodity_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n accize_n impost_n and_o other_o duty_n by_o the_o exemplary_a action_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o a_o matter_n inherent_a to_o their_o prerogative_n because_o they_o be_v absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o harbour_n haven_n and_o port_n where_o commodity_n be_v export_v and_o import_v every_o merchant_n be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o proceed_n use_v therein_o in_o all_o country_n respective_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o commodity_n and_o to_o make_v a_o true_a calculation_n how_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o profit_n observe_v how_o much_o upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n in_o value_n of_o his_o commodity_n rate_v by_o the_o order_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o same_o amount_v unto_o and_o to_o add_v the_o
they_o be_v neither_o the_o discoverer_n or_o first_o inventor_n thereof_o but_o if_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n than_o they_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o monopoly_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v by_o a_o dispensation_n upon_o a_o penal_a law_n they_o make_v the_o same_o questionable_a wherein_o nevertheless_o the_o prince_n wisdom_n be_v to_o rule_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n other_o will_v have_v all_o thing_n at_o large_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o society_n or_o corporation_n of_o merchant_n for_o any_o place_n of_o trade_n but_o that_o by_o way_n of_o partenership_n merchant_n may_v associate_v themselves_o to_o make_v or_o enterprise_v some_o voyage_n or_o in_o send_v of_o commodity_n in_o copartnership_n without_o regard_n have_v that_o innovation_n be_v dangerous_a where_o the_o trade_n have_v be_v carry_v always_o by_o company_n or_o society_n whereof_o some_o be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n this_o be_v more_o considerable_a in_o the_o governement_n of_o monarchy_n and_o especial_o in_o island_n than_o in_o state_n or_o popular_a governement_n where_o the_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v not_o respect_v neither_o the_o overaboundant_a inhabitation_n of_o stranger_n which_o augment_v their_o custom_n and_o imposition_n lay_v at_o pleasure_n upon_o their_o commodity_n as_o a_o principal_a matter_n whereby_o they_o subsist_v other_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o company_n or_o association_n deal_v in_o a_o joint_a stock_n or_o apart_o affirm_v the_o negotiation_n of_o a_o joint_a stock_n to_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o monopoly_n nevertheless_o they_o will_v be_v content_v to_o tolerate_v the_o same_o for_o the_o employment_n outward_o but_o for_o the_o return_n homeward_o they_o will_v have_v a_o division_n in_o kind_n or_o species_n of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o receive_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o portugall_n who_o experience_n have_v make_v apparent_a unto_o we_o that_o they_o have_v for_o many_o year_n sell_v their_o spice_n and_o other_o east-india_n commodity_n with_o good_a order_n and_o reputation_n for_o their_o benefit_n and_o in_o this_o course_n they_o use_v many_o time_n other_o man_n name_n name_n merchant_n use_v each_o other_o name_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n as_o they_o do_v also_o manage_v other_o man_n affair_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o this_o be_v do_v with_o the_o privity_n of_o the_o party_n who_o name_n be_v borrow_v and_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v trust_v otherwise_o it_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n touch_v forestalling_a of_o corn_n or_o other_o commodity_n in_o market_n it_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v provide_v for_o by_o law_n nevertheless_o the_o civilians_n have_v note_v that_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o all_o country_n it_o be_v not_o prohibit_v for_o any_o man_n to_o make_v his_o provision_n of_o corn_n or_o other_o victual_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o upon_o change_v of_o mind_n to_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o to_o profit_v *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xliii_o of_o merchant_n oppignoration_n merchant_n oppignoration_n be_v more_o use_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o it_o than_o upon_o necessity_n as_o other_o good_n be_v pawn_v for_o when_o a_o merchant_n have_v a_o ship_n come_v home_o lade_v with_o wine_n oil_n woad_n or_o such_o like_a commodity_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o freight_v custom_n and_o impost_n he_o will_v not_o willing_o disburse_v more_o money_n but_o will_v endeavour_n to_o sell_v part_n of_o his_o commodity_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o withal_o because_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o payment_n of_o interest_n for_o money_n unto_o other_o which_o sometime_o he_o can_v so_o ready_o find_v upon_o his_o own_o bond_n alone_o and_o if_o he_o do_v then_o must_v he_o be_v tie_v to_o take_v the_o same_o for_o four_o or_o six_o month_n and_o pay_v that_o interest_n when_o within_o one_o month_n he_o may_v make_v money_n of_o his_o own_o good_n upon_o consideration_n whereof_o some_o rich_a citizen_n that_o have_v great_a house_n and_o many_o seller_n or_o warehouse_n and_o to_o let_v they_o at_o great_a rent_n have_v be_v content_v to_o lend_v money_n upon_o the_o good_n bring_v into_o their_o seller_n and_o warehouse_n pay_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o when_o they_o sell_v their_o good_n they_o must_v pay_v they_o the_o say_a money_n for_o they_o do_v trust_n bayard_n in_o the_o stable_a in_o which_o regard_n the_o house_n of_o commerce_n be_v very_o necessary_a and_o other_o such_o house_n that_o be_v spacious_a to_o receive_v great_a quantity_n of_o commodity_n where_o the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n be_v only_o pay_v by_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o commodity_n and_o you_o may_v borrow_v more_o money_n for_o little_a or_o no_o consideration_n at_o all_o and_o hereby_o do_v a_o merchant_n enlarge_v his_o trade_n and_o young_a merchant_n have_v small_a stock_n find_v great_a ease_n and_o commodity_n you_o have_v at_o lixborne_a the_o alfandega_n in_o seville_a a_o dicana_n at_o venice_n il_fw-fr fontego_fw-la commerce_n house_n of_o commerce_n at_o antuerp_n the_o house_n of_o the_o easterling_n be_v memorable_a whereof_o i_o do_v deliver_v the_o figure_n in_o print_n to_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o salisbury_n when_o he_o cause_v the_o briton_n burse_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o strand_n and_o withal_o a_o project_n to_o build_v a_o house_n of_o commerce_n upon_o the_o tower_n hill_n which_o he_o do_v like_o exceed_o and_o protest_v that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o begin_v that_o work_n he_o will_v undertake_v this_o project_n which_o i_o do_v here_o declare_v in_o hope_n that_o some_o honourable_a friend_n to_o merchant_n may_v be_v please_v to_o build_v the_o same_o hereafter_o domus_fw-la commutationis_fw-la the_o situation_n of_o this_o house_n of_o commutation_n or_o commerce_n will_v be_v very_o commodious_a upon_o the_o tower_n hill_n to_o be_v make_v of_o free_a stone_n the_o proportion_n almost_o square_a according_a to_o the_o say_a easterling_n house_n at_o antuerpe_n leave_v a_o fair_a street_n on_o every_o side_n the_o fore_a part_n thereof_o towards_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o the_o water_n to_o be_v bring_v before_o it_o by_o cut_v in_o the_o dock_n below_o the_o tower_n wharf_n so_o as_o two_o ship_n of_o ordinary_a burden_n may_v at_o one_o time_n come_v in_o to_o discharge_v at_o the_o crane_n to_o be_v make_v there_o for_o the_o purpose_n the_o dryness_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o fit_a to_o make_v great_a cellar_n in_o the_o midst_n a_o stately_a court_n and_o all_o the_o low_a part_n of_o this_o house_n double_a warehouse_n for_o commodity_n of_o great_a bulk_n and_o over_o that_o gallery_n answerable_a to_o the_o low_a part_n set_v upon_o stately_a colume_n full_a of_o warehouse_n for_o small_a ware_n of_o value_n and_o so_o for_o a_o three_o story_n and_o double_a garret_n for_o corn_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n reserve_v some_o fair_a room_n for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o great_a personage_n come_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o feast_v they_o only_o also_o with_o a_o magnificent_a turret_n great_a gate_n and_o place_n with_o balance_n and_o beam_n to_o weigh_v all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n the_o earth_n of_o the_o cellar_n will_v serve_v to_o raise_v the_o hither_o part_n of_o the_o ditch_n of_o the_o tower_n to_o make_v they_o deep_o and_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n level_v fit_a for_o goodly_a walk_n and_o for_o the_o scour_n of_o the_o dock_n or_o entrance_n a_o mill_n may_v be_v make_v to_o grind_v mineral_n and_o other_o thing_n one_o part_n of_o this_o house_n to_o serve_v the_o clothier_n that_o can_v convenient_o at_o all_o time_n sell_v their_o clothes_n at_o blackwel_n hall_n which_o they_o may_v remove_v when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v money_n to_o buy_v necessary_a commodity_n to_o maintain_v their_o trade_n which_o commodity_n they_o may_v have_v for_o that_o money_n or_o by_o way_n of_o commutation_n as_o wool_n oil_n woad_n indicoe_n cutcheneale_n allome_n copperas_n or_o other_o such_o like_a extant_a in_o other_o warehouse_n of_o this_o house_n as_o by_o the_o register_n keep_v thereof_o will_v appear_v whereunto_o all_o broker_n shall_v resort_v and_o have_v notice_n of_o if_o they_o will_n when_o the_o clothier_n shall_v have_v this_o commodiousness_n they_o will_v increase_v their_o trade_n and_o set_v more_o people_n on_o work_n to_o make_v good_a clothes_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n which_o will_v be_v more_o vendible_a in_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o general_a advancement_n of_o traffic_n his_o majesty_n custom_n and_o imposition_n and_o all_o other_o dependency_n
1500_o mark_n of_o gold_n of_o eight_o ounce_n 1500_o mark_n of_o pearl_n 1_o chest_n emerald_n from_o mexico_n for_o the_o king_n 1900_o thousand_o pesos_n of_o silver_n 1100_o mark_n of_o gold_n for_o particular_a person_n 2_o million_o in_o silver_n 64_o thousand_o hide_n 25_o thousand_o will_v indigo_n from_o santo_n domingo_n island_n 35_o thousand_o hide_n 900_o chest_n sugar_n of_o 1000_o will_v weight_n 22_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o ginger_n 13_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o logwood_n 50_o kintal_n of_o salsaparilla_n 48_o kintal_n of_o caniafistula_n 64_o rove_n of_o cottonwooll_n all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o thirteen_o million_o and_o all_o the_o commodity_n at_o three_o million_o whereof_o the_o king_n have_v twelve_o million_o and_o one_o half_a de_fw-fr claro_fw-la wherewith_o we_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n of_o the_o mine_n royal_a and_o be_v move_v to_o write_v also_o of_o other_o mine_n and_o mineral_n contrary_a to_o our_o first_o intention_n but_o brief_o as_o follow_v *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n iii_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n the_o next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o be_v tin_n mine_n which_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n in_o all_o country_n mine_n tin_n mine_n and_o in_o germany_n only_o find_v somewhat_o plentiful_a but_o the_o tin_n be_v blackish_a and_o corrupt_a so_o that_o our_o english_a tin_n in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n be_v the_o only_a tin_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o thousand_o whereof_o there_o be_v some_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o make_v yearly_a it_o have_v be_v sell_v for_o many_o year_n at_o a_o under_o value_n but_o his_o majesty_n have_v by_o way_n of_o praeemption_n advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n and_o consequent_o unto_o the_o noble_a prince_n of_o wales_n charles_n son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james._n this_o praeemption_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n to_o certain_a merchant_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o stanery_n with_o all_o the_o good_a order_n observe_v therein_o and_o the_o coinage_n of_o tin_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o goodness_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n as_o be_v already_o note_v mines_n lead_v mines_n lead_v mine_n be_v find_v in_o all_o cold_a country_n especial_o in_o germany_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brownâ—wike_n but_o it_o be_v black_a of_o colour_n and_o until_o it_o be_v refine_v it_o be_v unseruiceable_a and_o consequent_o not_o vendible_a the_o old_a duke_n have_v almost_o make_v a_o wall_n aboâ—t_v the_o city_n of_o the_o sow_n and_o pig_n of_o lead_n until_o our_o lead_n become_v dear_a and_o scant_o and_o that_o a_o antuerpian_a do_v teach_v they_o how_o to_o refine_v their_o lead_n in_o take_v away_o the_o cobble_v which_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o knot_n in_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n which_o make_v the_o lead_v brittle_a and_o by_o his_o mean_n all_o the_o duke_n lead_v be_v sell_v in_o italy_n spain_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n and_o elsewhere_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v many_o lead_v mine_n contain_v also_o silver_n the_o lead_v mine_n of_o england_n be_v situate_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o most_o in_o darbishire_n in_o the_o hill_n of_o peake_n somersetshire_n and_o wales_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o ore_n as_o have_v be_v note_v there_o be_v also_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o richmondshire_n under_o the_o county_n of_o york_n where_o i_o go_v to_o view_v they_o anno_fw-la 1606_o about_o arkendale_n and_o the_o new_a forest_n have_v prepare_v a_o long_a iron_n boar_n of_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o for_o that_o purpose_n yorkshire_n description_n of_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o there_o i_o do_v observe_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o ten_o mile_n that_o the_o situation_n of_o arkendale_n iâ—_n betwixt_o two_o hill_n the_o one_o lie_v north_n call_v windike_n and_o the_o other_o south-west_n call_v moldersey_n adjoin_v unto_o another_o hill_n call_v pouncy_n lie_v west_n from_o moldersey_n all_o belong_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o by_o lease_n unto_o sir_n john_n maillorie_n knight_n there_o be_v also_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o certain_a other_o hill_n where_o lead_v mine_n be_v as_o swailedale_n where_o my_o lord_n wharton_n have_v his_o work_n also_o readhurst_n cocka_fw-mi and_o fellind_a be_v east_n from_o wyndecke_n the_o mine_n of_o arkendale_n have_v never_o be_v wrought_v to_o any_o purpose_n there_o be_v but_o three_o smelting_a cottage_n which_o do_v feed_v upon_o the_o poor_a people_n and_o inhabitant_n thereabouts_o which_o at_o their_o leisure_n seek_v for_o lead_v over_o upon_o sufferance_n and_o bring_v the_o same_o to_o the_o melt_a place_n where_o they_o fall_v the_o same_o for_o 20_o or_o 24_o ss_z the_o load_n give_v to_o the_o owner_n three_o or_o four_o part_n in_o ten_o as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o one_o ten_o to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o parish_n or_o chapel_n a_o load_n of_o ore_n with_o they_o be_v as_o much_o as_o four_o or_o five_o horse_n can_v convenient_o carry_v which_o by_o computation_n be_v some_o ten_o hundred_o weight_n and_o be_v also_o deliver_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v load_n four_o of_o these_o load_v will_v make_v a_o father_n of_o lead_n of_o twenty_o hundred_o their_o weight_n be_v 120_o will_v to_o the_o hundred_o london_n weight_n so_o one_o hundred_o of_o lead_n over_o make_v but_o 30_o will_v of_o lead_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o their_o manner_n of_o melt_v be_v by_o foot-blast_n and_o small_a furnace_n with_o wood_n and_o charcoal_n melt_a foolish_a manner_n of_o melt_a cast_v the_o ore_n of_o lead_n between_o they_o in_o small_a piece_n and_o so_o still_o augment_v their_o melt_a which_o can_v yield_v but_o little_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v choke_v with_o the_o fuel_n and_o dross_n of_o the_o lead_n whereas_o flame_n be_v the_o great_a means_n of_o melt_v of_o all_o mettaline_a oar_n which_o require_v furnace_n to_o be_v make_v according_o where_o thirty_o six_o or_o forty_o hundred_v may_v be_v melt_v together_o they_o melt_v three_o or_o four_o hundred_o there_o be_v no_o wood_n to_o be_v have_v but_o within_o two_o mile_n but_o sea_n coal_n and_o good_a peat_n be_v near_a hand_n which_o may_v serve_v better_a cheap_a for_o they_o reckon_v 7_o or_o 8_o ss_z for_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o father_n for_o the_o melt_a the_o lead_n be_v cast_v into_o small_a pig_n of_o somewhat_o more_o than_o one_o hundred_o weight_n be_v bring_v on_o horseback_n through_o richmond_n to_o burroughbridge_n be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n distant_a and_o be_v convey_v by_o water_n to_o york_n for_o 2_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o from_o york_n to_o hull_n for_o other_o two_o shilling_n so_o that_o a_o father_n of_o lead_n with_o all_o charge_n will_v not_o stand_v in_o three_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v a_o near_a way_n by_o stockton_n on_o the_o seaside_n about_o twenty_o and_o five_o mile_n which_o will_v lessen_v the_o say_a charge_n now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o iron_n mine_n mine_n iron_n mine_n whereof_o almost_o all_o country_n in_o europe_n be_v provide_v which_o do_v much_o differ_v in_o goodness_n yet_o may_v be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o several_a work_n whereunto_o it_o be_v employ_v as_o the_o spanish_a iron_n serve_v for_o blade_n &_o not_o so_o good_a for_o other_o thing_n england_n have_v great_a store_n of_o iron_n mine_n for_o by_o computation_n there_o be_v above_o eight_o hundred_o furnace_n the_o melt_a of_o it_o by_o flame_a sea_n coal_n or_o scots_a coal_n save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o charge_n there_o be_v late_o find_v more_o iron_n mine_n in_o france_n which_o iron_n be_v make_v into_o bar_n be_v transport_v into_o guinea_n binea_n and_o other_o part_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o have_v continual_o be_v in_o great_a estimation_n and_o now_o become_v so_o abundant_a that_o their_o profit_n be_v but_o small_a of_o those_o voyage_n and_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o at_o this_o present_a for_o the_o price_n of_o lead_n the_o iron_n stone_n in_o wales_n be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o steel_n stone_n by_o mean_n whereof_o a_o german_a make_v good_a steel_n in_o bar_n stone_n steel_n stone_n and_o also_o gad_n steel_n but_o the_o patent_n of_o sir_n baesell_n brooke_n for_o the_o make_n of_o steel_n do_v hinder_v the_o proceed_n therein_o and_o germane_a steel_n be_v best_a until_o of_o late_a that_o a_o frenchman_n show_v the_o imperfection_n of_o ordinary_a steel_n cause_v his_o majesty_n to_o make_v void_a the_o say_a patent_n and_o to_o grant_v another_o for_o the_o make_n of_o perfect_a steel_n surpass_v in_o goodness_n the_o steel_n of_o all_o country_n so_o we_o find_v
do_v not_o spring_v the_o test_n must_v be_v for_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o your_o course_n silver_n and_o according_o you_o be_v to_o take_v more_o or_o less_o lead_n to_o drive_v out_o three_o pound_n of_o copper_n be_v twenty_o four_o pound_n lead_v requisite_a but_o be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v all_o at_o once_o then_o blow_v until_o the_o same_o do_v drive_v off_o and_o the_o silver_n remain_v which_o take_v out_o sudden_o etc._n etc._n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o finesse_n of_o money_n and_o their_o several_a standard_n it_o be_v now_o twenty_o year_n complete_a since_o thomas_n lord_n knyvet_n sir_n richard_n martin_n and_o diverse_a other_o knight_n and_o alderman_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o master_n john_n williams_n his_o majesty_n goldsmith_n and_o myself_o be_v in_o commission_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mint_n affair_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o transportation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o of_o convenient_a remedy_n to_o prevent_v the_o same_o the_o cause_n be_v observe_v to_o besix_v whereof_o the_o weight_n be_v the_o first_o next_z the_o finesse_n of_o our_o standard_n then_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o therein_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n fourthly_a the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n wherein_o all_o the_o former_a be_v include_v for_o we_o all_o do_v set_v down_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o weight_n finesse_n valuation_n and_o disproportion_v aforesaid_a certificate_n according_a to_o our_o certificate_n be_v not_o of_o themselves_o true_a cause_n of_o exportation_n if_o there_o be_v betwixt_o country_n and_o country_n a_o due_a course_n hold_v in_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n but_o that_o due_a course_n not_o be_v observe_v than_o they_o may_v accidental_o because_n and_o this_o course_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n increase_v by_o the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o they_o and_o neglect_v to_o set_v the_o people_n on_o work_n so_o that_o the_o remedy_n be_v whole_o find_v to_o consist_v in_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n whereof_o i_o have_v handle_v at_o large_a in_o the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o book_n for_o exchange_n hereupon_o confer_v the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o 12_o ounce_n with_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n admit_v one_o mark_n and_o a_o half_a for_o the_o say_a pound_n we_o find_v with_o france_n full_a three_o penny_n weight_n we_o to_o be_v heavy_a and_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n 2_o ½_n penny_n weight_n or_o thereabouts_o with_o scotland_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o nine_o grain_n and_o always_o heavy_a than_o any_o other_o this_o agree_v with_o a_o instruction_n declare_v in_o a_o old_a book_n concern_v mint_n matter_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n 3_o where_o it_o be_v demand_v what_o benefit_n it_o will_v be_v to_o the_o king_n and_o realm_n troy_n over_o heaviness_n of_o the_o weight_n troy_n if_o the_o troy_n weight_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o troy_n weight_n of_o france_n flaunders_n spain_n and_o almaigne_n and_o of_o other_o realm_n and_o country_n be_v of_o equal_a weight_n and_o size_n for_o as_o much_o as_o other_o country_n keep_v one_o size_n and_o weight_n whereas_o the_o troy_n weight_n of_o england_n be_v heavy_a in_o every_o eight_o ounce_n by_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o merchant_n that_o bring_v in_o bullion_n do_v loose_a so_o much_o and_o the_o calculation_n be_v make_v what_o it_o be_v for_o every_o hundred_o weight_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o it_o follow_v there_o wherefore_o this_o be_v one_o great_a cause_n that_o so_o little_a bullion_n come_v into_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o may_v it_o please_v the_o king_n to_o devise_v some_o weight_n that_o shall_v be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o other_o realm_n and_o call_v it_o by_o some_o other_o name_n than_o by_o the_o troy_n weight_n and_o it_o be_v there_o think_v meet_v that_o for_o information_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o a_o calendar_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o publish_v calendar_n a_o mint_n calendar_n to_o show_v how_o much_o every_o pound_n weight_n ounce_n and_o penny_n weight_n be_v worth_a that_o the_o true_a valuation_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n may_v be_v thereby_o perfect_o know_v whereby_o merchant_n and_o other_o person_n shall_v give_v honour_n and_o praise_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n for_o equity_n and_o justice_n show_v in_o the_o mint_n there_o have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o beginning_n in_o the_o mint_n both_o troy_n and_o tower_n weight_n weight_n tower_n weight_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v twelve_o ounce_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n save_v that_o the_o troy_n weight_n be_v heavy_a by_o sixteen_o penny_n weight_n upon_o the_o pound_n weight_n by_o which_o troy_n weight_n the_o merchant_n buy_v their_o gold_n and_o silver_n abroad_o and_o by_o the_o same_o do_v deliver_v it_o to_o the_o king_n mint_n receive_v in_o counterpeaze_v but_o tower_n weight_n for_o troy_n which_o be_v the_o prince_n prerogative_n gain_v thereby_o full_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o each_o pound_n weight_n convert_v into_o money_n beside_o the_o gain_n of_o coinage_n which_o do_v rise_v to_o a_o great_a revenue_n make_v of_o thirty_o pound_n weight_n troy_n thirty_o and_o two_o pound_n weight_n tower_n which_o be_v now_o out_o of_o use_n and_o the_o troy_n weight_n be_v only_o use_v troy_n subdivision_n of_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n contain_v twelve_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n and_o every_o grain_n twenty_o mite_n every_o mite_n twenty_o and_o four_o droict_n every_o droict_n twenty_o period_n every_o period_n twenty_o and_o four_o blank_n although_o superfluous_a but_o in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o subtle_a assay_n which_o in_o scotland_n be_v all_o divide_v by_o twenty_o and_o four_o from_o the_o denier_n whereof_o they_o reckon_v twenty_o and_o four_o to_o the_o pound_n troy_n so_o twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n prime_n second_o three_o and_o fourths_o all_o by_o twenty_o and_o four_o and_o for_o the_o mark_n and_o pound_n weight_n of_o other_o country_n i_o do_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o book_n concern_v the_o pound_n weight_n for_o finesse_n and_o allay_n let_v we_o note_v that_o these_o two_o make_v proper_o the_o pound_n weight_n as_o be_v distinguish_v therein_o for_o if_o it_o be_v one_o pound_n of_o fine_a silver_n it_o weigh_v 12_o ounce_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o 12_o ounce_n fine_a finesse_n division_n of_o the_o pound_n troy_n in_o finesse_n but_o if_o there_o be_v 2_o ounce_n of_o copper_n in_o that_o pound_n then_o be_v there_o but_o 10_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o so_o call_v 10_o ounce_n fine_a and_o so_o if_o there_o be_v 10_o ounce_n 16_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n and_o so_o call_v in_o finesse_n then_o be_v there_o one_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n in_o copper_n and_o so_o for_o all_o other_o finesse_n according_o the_o like_a be_v for_o the_o gold_n whereof_o the_o say_a pound_n be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n be_v two_o carrat_n for_o one_o ounce_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la be_v divide_v with_o we_o into_o four_o grain_n and_o finesse_n according_o from_o this_o general_a weight_n of_o the_o pound_n weight_n general_n weight_n special_a weight_n be_v derive_v the_o special_a weight_n of_o the_o piece_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n wherein_o after_o that_o the_o commixture_n be_v make_v for_o finesse_n the_o piece_n must_v concur_v in_o value_n and_o thereby_o be_v the_o special_a weight_n know_v of_o the_o piece_n whereby_o the_o monyer_n cut_v their_o piece_n shire_n the_o shire_n it_o be_v the_o direction_n for_o the_o shire_n unto_o they_o which_o piece_n they_o cut_v by_o their_o weight_n deliver_v they_o according_o and_o herein_o they_o be_v to_o use_v good_a and_o exact_a size_v to_o prevent_v the_o cull_v of_o money_n for_o the_o transporter_n or_o the_o goldsmith_n for_o melt_v they_o for_o to_o convert_v into_o plate_n concern_v the_o finesse_n of_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n with_o their_o weight_n and_o number_n of_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n of_o eight_o ounce_n which_o i_o have_v reduce_v to_o the_o pound_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n i_o have_v here_o make_v a_o plain_a declaration_n as_o follow_v to_o instruct_v all_o merchant_n and_o goldsmith_n therein_o for_o the_o common_a good_a observe_v that_o some_o man_n not_o over_o wise_a in_o mint_n affair_n perceive_v the_o mark_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o 24_o carrat_n for_o gold_n be_v
according_o the_o double_a guilder_n of_o albertus_n ten_o ounce_n 15_o penny_n weight_n and_o 14_o â…—_n piece_n the_o single_a guilder_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n of_o the_o same_o fineness_n and_o piece_n according_o the_o piece_n of_o four_o two_o and_o one_o stiver_n since_o 1590._o the_o piece_n of_o eight_o rial_n of_o spain_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o 13_o ½_n piece_n the_o say_v piece_n make_v at_o mexico_n in_o the_o indies_n eleven_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o â…”_n piece_n the_o lion_n doller_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_o thirteen_o piece_n the_o silver_n ryder_n of_o guilder_n and_o friesland_n correspondent_a with_o the_o state_n doller_n of_o nine_o ounce_n the_o dollar_n of_o gelder_n and_n vtrecht_n ten_o ounce_n ten_o and_o twelve_o penny_n fine_a and_o thirteen_o piece_n the_o great_a silver_n royal_a of_o the_o state_n correspondent_a with_o the_o philip_n doller_n the_o 1_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o say_v great_a royal_a with_o the_o arrow_n according_o the_o doller_n of_o zealand_n with_o the_o eagle_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o ½_n piece_n the_o edward_n doller_n of_o england_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_z 11_o ¾_n piece_n the_o doller_n of_o scotland_n with_o the_o cross_a dagger_n eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_z 11_o ¾_n piece_n the_o mark_n of_o scotland_n eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o 54_o piece_n the_o doller_n of_o friesland_n coin_a 1601_o of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o ½_n piece_n coin_n make_v of_o mere_a copper_n the_o ortgen_n whereof_o four_o make_v one_o stiver_n and_o two_o the_o half_a stiver_n the_o duyt_n also_o four_o make_v one_o stiver_n the_o negenmannekens_n the_o eight_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o four_o the_o half_a stiver_n the_o three_o mite_n whereof_o eight_o piece_n to_o the_o stiver_n be_v 24_o mite_n the_o sixteen_o penny_n hollandt_v make_v one_o stiver_n and_o eight_o the_o half_a stiver_n for_o other_o copper_n money_n read_v the_o five_o precedent_n chapter_n of_o money_n standard_n error_n of_o trial_n piece_n for_o the_o standard_n so_o i_o do_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o error_n commit_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o standard_n trial_o piece_n use_v in_o most_o kingdom_n and_o state_n to_o charge_v the_o mint-master_n to_o make_v the_o money_n by_o wherein_o they_o do_v not_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o arithmetic_n by_o observe_v true_a weight_n and_o fineness_n for_o if_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o make_v a_o standard_n piece_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a they_o will_v take_v certain_a ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o copper_n proportionable_a thereunto_o and_o melt_v they_o together_o and_o be_v make_v into_o a_o plate_n of_o silver_n divide_v the_o same_o into_o three_o equal_a part_n to_o be_v deliver_v one_o to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o mintmaster_n and_o hereof_o be_v assay_n make_v both_o of_o this_o piece_n and_o the_o money_n and_o so_o compare_v together_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v take_v eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n both_o in_o weight_n and_o melt_v they_o together_o make_v twelve_o ounce_n by_o weight_n and_o never_o weight_n they_o after_o they_o be_v commix_v but_o say_v this_o be_v sterling_a standard_n whereas_o the_o weight_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o do_v proportionate_a the_o standard_n by_o weight_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o waste_n of_o copper_n this_o be_v better_a than_o standard_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v exact_o so_o that_o the_o piece_n also_o be_v to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o pound_n weight_n for_o the_o foundation_n rise_v from_o hence_o as_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n appear_v chap._n ix_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n valuation_n of_o money_n be_v the_o spirit_n which_o give_v life_n unto_o coin_n for_o without_o it_o weight_n and_o fineness_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o bullion_n or_o material_n this_o valuation_n be_v twofold_a money_n two_o fold_n be_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n the_o first_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n whereby_o the_o piece_n of_o coin_n be_v esteem_v at_o a_o price_n certain_a both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o go_v currant_n for_o that_o value_n within_o their_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n the_o second_o be_v the_o valuation_n of_o merchant_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_v the_o former_a as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v touch_v and_o now_o will_v be_v prove_v the_o king_n or_o prince_n valuation_n be_v effect_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n valuation_n king_n valuation_n viz._n by_o inhaunce_v the_o price_n of_o the_o coin_n by_o proclamation_n second_o by_o embeasil_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n by_o allay_n and_o three_o by_o alter_v the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o merchant_n valuation_n be_v also_o effect_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n valuation_n merchant_n valuation_n viz._n by_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o coin_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n between_o they_o and_o by_o the_o combination_n with_o mint-master_n inhance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o mark_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o all_o these_o in_o order_n brief_o the_o king_n valuation_n be_v derive_v or_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a piece_n or_o piece_n make_v out_o of_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o the_o mark_n of_o eight_o ounce_n which_o the_o roman_n do_v call_v nummus_fw-la à _fw-la numerando_fw-la to_o tell_v or_o reckon_v by_o the_o saxon_n give_v it_o the_o name_n pfemimg_n or_o pennimick_n in_o ducth_z from_z whence_o the_o word_n penny_n be_v derive_v for_o they_o cut_v twenty_o piece_n out_o of_o the_o pound_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n make_v twenty_o penny_n every_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twenty_o penny_n in_o weight_n twenty_o penny_n in_o value_n piece_n weight_n and_o finesse_n both_o alike_o with_o the_o number_n of_o piece_n and_o consequent_o divide_v the_o fineness_n also_o by_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n in_o twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a sterling_a standard_n of_o osbright_n the_o saxon_a king_n seven_o hundred_o year_n past_a which_o valuation_n so_o continue_v until_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o until_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o then_o be_v value_v at_o thirty_o penny_n the_o say_a ounce_n and_o continue_v until_o edward_n the_o four_o sea_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n advance_v because_o of_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o value_v at_o forty_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o then_o be_v value_v at_o forty_o and_o five_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o after_o the_o decry_v of_o the_o base_a money_n make_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o which_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v coin_a do_v restore_v the_o sterling_a standard_n to_o her_o great_a benefit_n by_o value_v the_o say_a ounce_n at_o sixty_o penny_n or_o 5_o ss_z inhaunce_v the_o same_o one_o full_a three_o part_n so_o that_o one_o of_o those_o penny_n become_v three_o penny_n by_o valuation_n and_o gold_n be_v raise_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o eleven_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n or_o eleven_o of_o standard_n silver_n to_o one_o of_o crown_n gold_n which_o valuation_n of_o silver_n have_v continue_v hitherto_o with_o little_a alteration_n but_o beyond_o the_o sea_n there_o have_v be_v great_a inhance_a both_o for_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o well_o in_o france_n as_o in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n to_o england_n incredible_a loss_n as_o be_v at_o large_a declare_v in_o our_o commonwealth_n our_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n treatise_n of_o exchange_n this_o daily_o inhaunce_v beyond_o the_o sea_n begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o go_v about_o to_o reform_v the_o same_o but_o afterward_o find_v that_o if_o he_o shall_v enhance_v his_o price_n of_o money_n likewise_o they_o will_v still_o advance_v they_o more_o and_o more_o he_o begin_v but_o moderate_o and_o whereas_o the_o angel_n noble_a so_o call_v be_v at_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n enhance_v angel_n noble_a enhance_v he_o â—aused_v the_o same_o to_o be_v value_v at_o seven_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n by_o a_o proclamation_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o within_o two_o month_n after_o at_o seven_o shilling_n
no_o usury_n i_o be_o surety_n for_o one_o and_o pay_v the_o debt_n 2._o exeunt_n side_n iussâ—r_v c._n 1._o &_o 2._o pay_v usury_n for_o the_o same_o money_n the_o principal_a debtor_n for_o who_o i_o be_v bind_v be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o i_o the_o usury_n and_o the_o payment_n unto_o i_o be_v no_o usury_n for_o i_o receive_v but_o my_o own_o a_o man_n by_o testament_n grant_v a_o legacy_n and_o will_v his_o son_n to_o pay_v the_o legacy_n and_o so_o much_o nomine_fw-la poenae_fw-la for_o non_fw-la pay_v it_o the_o law_n say_v the_o testator_n may_v charge_v his_o executor_n or_o heir_n under_o a_o penalty_n to_o pay_v his_o legacy_n and_o the_o same_o be_v no_o usury_n but_o if_o the_o testator_n shall_v say_v thus_o i_o will_v that_o my_o son_n or_o executor_n shall_v pay_v for_o every_o month_n that_o they_o be_v behind_o hand_n so_o much_o and_o so_o from_o month_n to_o month_n till_o it_o be_v pay_v this_o be_v usury_n say_v the_o lawyer_n because_o the_o time_n be_v mention_v and_o pein_v wherein_o baldus_n be_v absolute_a the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v most_o in_o thing_n passive_a and_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v leave_v only_o between_o man_n with_o certain_a caution_n sail_v thus_o dangerous_o between_o the_o two_o rock_n of_o sylla_n and_o charybdis_n with_o the_o great_a tempest_n about_o usury_n look_v that_o the_o bright_a and_o fortunate_a star_n of_o castor_n and_o pollux_n shall_v appear_v to_o bring_v a_o calm_a in_o detestation_n of_o all_o usury_n loe_o a_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n be_v bring_v forth_o ground_v upon_o traffic_n and_o usury_n yet_o with_o a_o religious_a care_n to_o prevent_v the_o bite_a usury_n upon_o the_o poor_a and_o honest_a householder_n and_o to_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v peace_n through_o all_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a and_o particular_a quarrel_n and_o difference_n between_o prince_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o admirable_a *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n the_o particular_n of_o this_o princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n be_v compile_v by_o certain_a politician_n of_o diverse_a nation_n be_v exhibit_v unto_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 1608_o by_o a_o private_a gentleman_n in_o the_o dutch_a tongue_n and_o command_v to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o i_o to_o translate_v the_o same_o into_o english_a but_o i_o find_v the_o original_n to_o be_v in_o latin_a and_o italian_a and_o partly_o in_o french_a as_o it_o have_v be_v propound_v in_o diverse_a country_n unto_o other_o prince_n which_o have_v subscribe_v thereunto_o intend_v to_o have_v keep_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o but_o on_o the_o sudden_a be_v deprive_v thereof_o i_o do_v instant_o set_v down_o the_o substance_n follow_v of_o it_o to_o the_o admiration_n of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o contentment_n of_o some_o of_o then_o my_o honourable_a friend_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o any_o universal_a conclusion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v the_o same_o public_a manifest_v thereby_o that_o usury_n politic_a be_v like_a to_o continue_v in_o all_o country_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v therefore_o prevent_v bite_a usury_n upon_o the_o poor_a by_o the_o charitable_a mean_n of_o pawne-house_n or_o mount_v of_o charity_n as_o aforesaid_a substance_n of_o the_o sole_a universal_a and_o perpetual_a contract_n of_o commerce_n or_o unite_a society_n of_o knighthood_n to_o be_v make_v between_o all_o prince_n and_o one_o private_a person_n for_o the_o sure_a maintain_n of_o peace_n among_o christian_n and_o increase_v of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n through_o all_o the_o world_n ground_v upon_o jus_o gentium_fw-la by_o the_o article_n follow_v the_o contract_n or_o covenant_n to_o be_v make_v with_o seven_o quality_n of_o person_n emperor_n king_n prince_n arch-duke_n earl_n knight_n and_o gentleman_n among_o which_o some_o merchant_n be_v comprise_v in_o all_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o one_o hundred_o person_n with_o the_o poor_a to_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o as_o be_v so_o many_o stake_n wherein_o seignory_n commonweal_n society_n and_o order_n shall_v be_v account_v for_o one_o also_o every_o stake_n to_o be_v from_o five_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a until_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o stake_n wherein_o emperor_n and_o king_n may_v not_o exceed_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n duke_n earl_n and_o commonweal_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o person_n no_o man_n to_o be_v adâ—aunced_v to_o this_o society_n but_o for_o his_o desert_n or_o wealth_n or_o for_o both_o wherein_o but_o one_o of_o the_o kindred_n to_o succeed_v the_o father_n or_o the_o near_a of_o consanguinity_n by_o default_n of_o son_n the_o person_n in_o every_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o prince_n to_o be_v two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o noble_a or_o great_a in_o government_n every_o one_o a_o stake_n and_o the_o master_n of_o count_a house_n for_o a_o stake_n serve_v gratis_o or_o some_o other_o merchant_n these_o house_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v in_o all_o place_n of_o peace_n or_o security_n and_o all_o other_o place_n as_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o be_v govern_v and_o serve_v by_o correspondency_n which_o may_v be_v in_o number_n seven_o or_o nine_o to_o one_o stake_n and_o so_o augment_v the_o stock_n by_o their_o credit_n and_o mean_n according_o receive_v a_o proportionable_a gain_n of_o the_o benefit_n procure_v by_o their_o employment_n without_o any_o other_o use_n or_o consideration_n for_o their_o money_n the_o money_n deliver_v to_o this_o society_n for_o the_o stock_n to_o remain_v for_o ever_o by_o way_n of_o donation_n only_o the_o revenue_n yearly_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o party_n their_o heir_n or_o next_o of_o the_o blood_n or_o to_o the_o lawful_a assign_v or_o by_o default_n after_o a_o time_n to_o the_o poor_a the_o person_n advance_v by_o desert_n and_o without_o money_n bring_v in_o shall_v for_o their_o stake_n or_o so_o much_o as_o be_v want_v within_o the_o time_n limit_v allow_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o until_o the_o same_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v offer_v by_o four_o or_o five_o year_n revenue_n to_o be_v do_v or_o by_o deduction_n of_o six_o and_o one_o four_o part_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la no_o man_n for_o any_o criminal_a offence_n shall_v by_o way_n of_o forfeiture_n lose_v his_o stake_n or_o for_o any_o misdemeanour_n hinder_v his_o posterity_n to_o enjoy_v the_o revenue_n thereof_o but_o lose_v his_o voice_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v equal_a and_o moreover_o for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o society_n may_v be_v hinder_v thereby_o defalcation_n by_o suspense_n of_o payment_n shall_v be_v make_v until_o reparation_n make_v thereof_o unto_o the_o say_a society_n at_o their_o pleasure_n no_o executor_n administrator_n surveyor_n curator_n or_o other_o person_n or_o assign_v be_v to_o meddle_v with_o the_o premise_n but_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n or_o ob_fw-la intestato_fw-la fall_v upon_o child_n under_o year_n or_o woman_n to_o take_v the_o account_n and_o revenue_n according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o other_o without_o any_o other_o account_n to_o be_v make_v all_o controversy_n arise_v between_o they_o of_o the_o society_n for_o matter_n of_o traffic_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o master_n of_o count_v house_n with_o their_o counsel_n of_o assistance_n to_o be_v appoint_v unto_o they_o without_o any_o appellation_n or_o remove_v to_o any_o other_o court_n or_o jurisdiction_n whatsoever_o the_o preservation_n and_o assurance_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o credit_n be_v by_o the_o authority_n and_o confirmation_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n who_o notwithstanding_o particular_a difference_n be_v general_o incline_v to_o maintain_v traffic_n as_o the_o soul_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o the_o say_a authority_n because_o of_o the_o protection_n thereof_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v corroborate_v for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o by_o their_o association_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n in_o unity_n of_o covenant_n with_o one_o private_a person_n of_o the_o quality_n hereafter_o declare_v in_o seven_o tongue_n whereof_o every_o prince_n in_o his_o own_o language_n for_o subscription_n be_v once_o to_o have_v precedency_n and_o after_o that_o without_o any_o ceremonial_a or_o politic_a observation_n to_o be_v use_v indifferent_o to_o which_o end_n the_o say_a prince_n and_o potentate_n be_v to_o renounce_v all_o law_n privilege_n exception_n or_o immunity_n of_o what_o high_a nature_n or_o dignity_n soever_o to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o make_v approbation_n of_o this_o contract_n by_o their_o parlement_n or_o high_a court_n
follower_n and_o subject_n with_o better_a pay_n worthy_a of_o perpetual_a remembrance_n be_v that_o noble_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o seven_o notable_a example_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o in_o his_o singular_a wisdom_n and_o policy_n know_v how_o prince_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrong_v by_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o their_o treasure_n by_o fraudulent_a and_o deceitful_a account_n which_o either_o by_o ignorance_n or_o otherwise_o by_o connivance_n do_v pass_v do_v himself_o with_o great_a facility_n take_v a_o inspection_n in_o all_o his_o exchequer_n account_n by_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o say_a account_n enter_v in_o a_o book_n by_o some_o experience_a and_o skilful_a man_n in_o account_n whereunto_o his_o highness_n do_v subscribe_v his_o royal_a signature_n before_o the_o officer_n upon_o good_a certificate_n make_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n can_v have_v their_o quietus_n est_fw-la pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o the_o faid_a king_n be_v please_v many_o time_n to_o enter_v into_o particular_a examination_n of_o some_o of_o the_o account_n whereby_o he_o do_v strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o officer_n so_o that_o they_o become_v more_o careful_a and_o dare_v not_o commit_v any_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n by_o combination_n or_o toleration_n but_o his_o treasure_n be_v due_o administer_v and_o preserve_v this_o signature_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o say_a book_n be_v extant_a to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o majesty_n exchequer_n four_o providence_n of_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o urgent_a necessity_n cause_v the_o late_a french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o when_o he_o be_v king_n of_o navarre_n to_o be_v present_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o his_o treasure_n in_o so_o much_o that_o afterward_o in_o possess_v the_o diadem_n of_o all_o france_n and_o call_v to_o remembrance_n his_o former_a observation_n by_o compare_v thing_n to_o their_o first_o principle_n he_o find_v that_o of_o every_o french_a crown_n be_v sixty_o sou_n which_o his_o coffer_n shall_v receive_v there_o come_v not_o above_o the_o four_o part_n de_fw-fr claro_fw-la unto_o he_o whereupon_o by_o root_a out_o of_o corruption_n depose_v of_o needless_a officer_n profitable_a emption_n of_o thing_n necessary_a and_o by_o wise_a dispose_n of_o they_o he_o bring_v è_fw-la contrario_fw-la three_o part_n of_o every_o crown_n unto_o his_o coffer_n and_o do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n accumulate_v a_o very_a great_a treasure_n and_o yet_o do_v he_o increase_v officer_n fee_n according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n which_o by_o accidental_a cause_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a account_n factor_n account_n thus_o much_o obiter_fw-la now_o if_o a_o merchant_n be_v also_o a_o factor_n for_o other_o in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n deliver_v of_o money_n at_o interest_n and_o by_o deal_n in_o exchange_n and_o râ—changes_n have_v factoridge_n allow_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n some_o more_o and_o some_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v betweâ—ne_v they_o the_o difference_n in_o keep_v other_o man_n account_n with_o who_o they_o have_v any_o correspondence_n be_v but_o small_a for_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n or_o merchandise_n sell_v they_o will_v entitle_v the_o account_n good_n of_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n do_v owe_v unto_o cash_n such_o a_o sum_n pay_v for_o custom_n and_o charge_n or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n buy_v he_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o discharge_v the_o account_n by_o make_v the_o say_a merchant_n debtor_n or_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v as_o the_o say_a account_n require_v which_o he_o do_v also_o charge_n with_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n for_o his_o sallarie_n and_o therefore_o all_o factor_n keep_v a_o particular_a account_n to_o know_v what_o they_o have_v get_v by_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n at_o the_o year_n end_n and_o then_o they_o charge_v that_o account_n with_o their_o charge_n and_o all_o such_o expense_n as_o they_o have_v be_v at_o and_o the_o remainder_n be_v post_v to_o capital_a as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o profit_n or_o loss_n whereupon_o some_o other_o do_v bring_v their_o charge_n and_o expense_n and_o so_o carry_v all_o the_o provision_n to_o capital_a or_o stock_n herein_o every_o man_n may_v use_v his_o pleasure_n for_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n afford_v many_o distinction_n all_o which_o several_a branch_n or_o member_n of_o account_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o make_v up_o the_o the_o complete_a body_n for_o by_o the_o dismember_n of_o a_o account_n account_n dismember_a of_o account_n separate_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n you_o be_v enable_v to_o find_v out_o many_o error_n and_o intricatenes_n of_o account_n by_o reduce_v the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o his_o perfection_n in_o this_o place_n may_v be_v expect_v a_o declaration_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n or_o calculation_n of_o money_n wherein_o the_o book_n of_o merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o because_o the_o same_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o several_a exchange_n between_o country_n and_o country_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o refer_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o exchange_n hereafter_o follow_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la with_o that_o notable_a question_n make_v by_o the_o civilians_n account_n a_o question_n make_v by_o civilians_n about_o book_n of_o account_n whether_o a_o merchant_n or_o a_o banker_n keep_v two_o book_n of_o account_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o his_o bank_n and_o the_o other_o touch_v trade_n of_o merchandise_n for_o ware_n shall_v be_v censure_v alike_o for_o such_o money_n as_o he_o owe_v unto_o his_o creditor_n so_o that_o the_o creditor_n after_o his_o decease_n shall_v all_o stand_v in_o equal_a degree_n to_o be_v pay_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n if_o the_o banker_n estate_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o herein_o the_o judge_n of_o merchant_n do_v make_v no_o difference_n but_o the_o civilians_n have_v make_v a_o great_a distinction_n therein_o and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v more_o to_o be_v credit_v than_o the_o other_o for_o say_v benuenuto_fw-mi straccha_n the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v keep_v public_o and_o the_o other_o as_o it_o be_v secret_a to_o himself_o so_o that_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o as_o be_v two_o negotiation_n and_o to_o be_v deal_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o the_o mean_n thereof_o extant_a with_o such_o consideration_n as_o may_v be_v incident_a thereunto_o to_o declare_v my_o own_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n and_o civil_a law_n make_v no_o distinction_n in_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o testator_n debt_n between_o money_n owe_v for_o ware_n or_o for_o interest_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v any_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o debt_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o book_n of_o account_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o part._n the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n have_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n entreat_v of_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n and_o money_n let_v we_o now_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o foreign_a part_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n for_o as_o money_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o commodity_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n so_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v many_o man_n can_v well_o discern_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o sundry_a matter_n because_o man_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o soul_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o spirit_n be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n soul_n but_o if_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o understand_v the_o necessary_a distinction_n hereof_o reason_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o same_o in_o the_o practic_n part_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o exchange_n saint_n paul_n in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o the_o thessalonian_o wish_v a_o sanctification_n to_o their_o spirit_n and_o soul_n 5.23_o 2._o thess._n 5.23_o and_o
a_o occasion_n to_o gather_v in_o his_o own_o debt_n soon_o in_o some_o place_n also_o they_o may_v not_o arrest_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o holiday_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v deprive_v of_o divine_a service_n towards_o god_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o soul_n the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n may_v not_o arrest_v any_o man_n upon_o the_o burse_n or_o royal_a exchange_n although_o the_o party_n to_o be_v arrest_v shall_v yield_v thereunto_o and_o renounce_v the_o say_a privilege_n it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o that_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v upon_o the_o exchange_n at_o antuerp_n have_v notice_n give_v he_o that_o another_o merchant_n have_v give_v order_n that_o upon_o his_o go_v from_o the_o exchange_n he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o that_o the_o officer_n do_v attend_v he_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n whereupon_o he_o perceive_v the_o say_a officer_n call_v he_o unto_o he_o and_o say_v he_o will_v obey_v the_o arrest_n which_o for_o the_o first_o time_n be_v but_o a_o adiourn_v or_o citation_n the_o officer_n do_v require_v a_o pledge_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o coin_n in_o token_n thereof_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v which_o he_o give_v he_o afterward_o this_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v otherwise_o advise_v by_o his_o friend_n do_v disclaim_v from_o that_o arrest_n because_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o exchange_n and_o claim_v the_o say_a privilege_n insomuch_o that_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o learned_a advocate_n on_o both_o side_n do_v thereupon_o assemble_v in_o the_o town-house_n as_o it_o be_v the_o guild-hall_n and_o there_o the_o matter_n be_v debate_v and_o discuss_v at_o large_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v at_o last_o conclude_v and_o determine_v that_o the_o say_a arrest_n be_v void_a in_o law_n for_o the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n by_o any_o particular_a privilege_n the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n can_v abolish_v the_o privilege_n or_o many_o person_n can_v derogate_v or_o abrogate_v any_o custom_n or_o privilege_n not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a but_o also_o in_o the_o particular_a so_o that_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o he_o may_v have_v be_v arrest_v again_o but_o he_o be_v non_fw-la inventus_fw-la and_o upon_o this_o arrest_n he_o be_v to_o find_v caution_n to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o all_o privilege_a place_n as_o church_n chapel_n churchyard_n and_o other_o place_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o diverse_a city_n and_o town_n do_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o be_v arrest_v upon_o foreign_a plea_n for_o debt_n or_o contract_n make_v in_o other_o town_n place_n or_o country_n which_o be_v as_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o some_o merchant_n as_o the_o town_n of_o middleborough_n in_o zealand_n refuge_n town_n of_o refuge_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dort_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o city_n and_o town_n in_o other_o country_n and_o most_o city_n and_o town_n where_o a_o nation_n or_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n do_v agree_v to_o make_v their_o residence_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o other_o common_o the_o say_a city_n and_o town_n do_v exempt_v they_o from_o all_o litigious_a suit_n which_o happen_v between_o themselves_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o their_o governor_n or_o court_n master_n so_o as_o only_a controversy_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o stranger_n or_o inhabitant_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o merchant_n difference_n they_o will_v also_o free_v they_o from_o all_o debt_n owe_v by_o king_n prince_n and_o state_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o to_o the_o end_n that_o traffic_n be_v not_o interrupt_v the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n which_o make_v these_o arrest_n be_v know_v by_o their_o habit_n habit_n officer_n know_v by_o their_o habit_n or_o by_o a_o rod_n to_o be_v see_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o may_v not_o by_o stealth_n come_v upon_o a_o man_n whereby_o many_o insolence_n be_v prevent_v and_o sergeant_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v kill_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v with_o us._n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o their_o habit_n or_o colour_n no_o man_n be_v to_o assist_v they_o if_o they_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o rescue_v of_o a_o man_n then_o be_v no_o offence_n and_o howsoever_o if_o a_o man_n arrest_v or_o to_o be_v arrest_v do_v run_v away_o every_o man_n give_v he_o way_n as_o desirous_a to_o help_v he_o to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o trouble_n account_v the_o arrest_v of_o a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hangman_n office_n and_o nevertheless_o their_o hangman_n be_v see_v to_o be_v always_o in_o rich_a apparel_n and_o be_v repute_v as_o necessary_a member_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o be_v very_o contemptible_a and_o base_a return_v to_o speak_v again_o of_o attachment_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consideration_n with_o we_o not_o to_o admit_v any_o to_o be_v do_v either_o in_o london_n or_o any_o other_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a specialty_n attachment_n to_o be_v grant_v upon_o specialty_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o plain_a specialty_n and_o also_o with_o put_v in_o good_a surety_n for_o the_o cost_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a thing_n for_o merchant_n dwell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o merchant_n which_o dwell_v in_o remote_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v their_o factor_n at_o london_n if_o they_o upon_o any_o surmise_n or_o pretence_n of_o debt_n shall_v make_v secret_o any_o attachment_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n of_o their_o master_n good_n either_o when_o they_o know_v their_o master_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o travel_v in_o some_o foreign_a country_n upon_o a_o long_a voyage_n as_o occasion_n may_v fall_v out_o and_o so_o by_o practice_n deceive_v they_o of_o their_o estate_n by_o plead_v afterward_o the_o say_a attachment_n or_o judgement_n have_v thereupon_o in_o bar_n as_o aforesaid_a chap._n xii_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n the_o magistrate_n consider_v that_o abuse_n may_v be_v commit_v many_o way_n by_o attachment_n do_v common_o use_v sequestration_n of_o good_n by_o deliver_v they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o person_n or_o take_v of_o they_o into_o their_o own_o custody_n or_o power_n for_o by_o these_o mean_n also_o be_v many_o attachment_n prevent_v which_o man_n will_v do_v if_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o good_n or_o debt_n do_v come_v into_o their_o own_o power_n wherein_o they_o have_v a_o care_n not_o to_o feed_v the_o humour_n of_o contentious_a person_n which_o be_v mere_o contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n do_v consist_v they_o do_v proceed_v gradatim_fw-la law_n execution_n be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o such_o sequestration_n be_v make_v unjust_o or_o without_o cause_n the_o civil_a law_n as_o also_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n hereafter_o declare_v will_v give_v good_a cost_n and_o damage_n execution_n considerable_a execution_n in_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o say_a magistrate_n there_o be_v many_o persuasive_a mean_n use_v by_o they_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o debtor_n with_o the_o creditor_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o composition_n if_o not_o than_o some_o officer_n be_v send_v to_o the_o party_n house_n to_o keep_v he_o as_o it_o be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o who_o he_o must_v give_v meat_n drink_n lodging_n and_o a_o daily_a fee_n according_a to_o the_o judge_n appointment_n and_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o pecuniary_a punishment_n he_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n which_o be_v aggravate_v by_o send_v two_o officer_n at_o the_o first_o than_o two_o more_o and_o so_o six_o or_o eight_o of_o they_o to_o eat_v he_o out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n for_o these_o man_n will_v gnaw_v he_o to_o the_o very_a bone_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v clyvers_a or_o devourer_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n will_v not_o endure_v this_o and_o do_v go_v wilful_o to_o prison_n than_o the_o creditor_n must_v find_v the_o debtor_n maintenance_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o may_v if_o he_o will_v present_o put_v he_o to_o bread_n and_o water_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o do_v but_o when_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o party_n have_v mean_n and_o will_v not_o satisfy_v his_o creditor_n who_o after_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o person_n can_v come_v upon_o the_o good_n again_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o arcta_fw-la custodia_fw-la with_o
all_o remedy_n against_o his_o estate_n for_o ever_o the_o consideration_n hereof_o make_v the_o debtor_n to_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o they_o can_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o perish_v which_o make_v also_o against_o the_o crditors_n profit_n the_o body_n of_o every_o subject_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n commonwealth_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o every_o subject_n be_v a_o member_n or_o single_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o to_o take_v this_o body_n and_o to_o cast_v the_o same_o into_o prison_n for_o debt_n where_o he_o must_v lie_v rot_v idle_o and_o unprofitable_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o die_v miserable_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o strip_v and_o rob_v the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o limb_n and_o member_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o service_n and_o endeavour_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n yearly_a of_o all_o degree_n and_o profession_n to_o do_v service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n which_o number_n of_o prisoner_n exceed_v all_o the_o prisoner_n in_o all_o other_o country_n it_o be_v therefore_o in_o christian_n charity_n wish_v and_o in_o all_o godly_a policy_n desire_v that_o the_o body_n and_o endeavour_n of_o all_o debtor_n may_v be_v free_a from_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o creditor_n recovery_n be_v make_v against_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o christian_n charity_n to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o godly_a policy_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o interim_n the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n may_v be_v permit_v which_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n grant_v for_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n in_o the_o 28._o year_n of_o her_o reign_n by_o a_o large_a commission_n record_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n the_o exemplification_n whereof_o be_v by_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n humble_o desire_v many_o other_o reason_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o say_a remonstrance_n invective_n against_o usury_n and_o usuror_n which_o i_o have_v omit_v and_o hereunto_o let_v we_o add_v certain_a observation_n in_o general_a concern_v execution_n the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o mute_a magistrate_n but_o the_o magistrate_n be_v a_o living_n law_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o command_v and_o the_o strength_n of_o command_v be_v in_o the_o constrain_a or_o execute_v of_o the_o law_n which_o belong_v unto_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n the_o consideration_n hereof_o do_v produce_v a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n whether_o judge_n or_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o life_n the_o often_o change_v of_o they_o being_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o do_v instigate_v man_n to_o accuse_v those_o that_o have_v not_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o their_o office_n due_o law_n custom_n of_o the_o roman_n about_o execution_n of_o law_n whereby_o wickedness_n be_v not_o only_o punish_v but_o also_o every_o man_n through_o emulation_n do_v endeavour_v himself_o to_o follow_v virtue_n and_o to_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o his_o call_n beside_o whereas_o virtue_n in_o all_o commonweal_n be_v the_o principal_a point_n whereat_o man_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v they_o so_o the_o distribution_n of_o office_n be_v a_o reward_n of_o virtue_n which_o can_v be_v do_v to_o many_o when_o they_o be_v give_v in_o perpetuity_n to_o some_o few_o which_o many_o time_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n by_o the_o inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n in_o some_o commonweal_n officer_n inconvenience_n of_o yearly_a officer_n true_a it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o public_a good_a for_o they_o must_v leave_v their_o place_n before_o they_o know_v the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o common_o unto_o one_o that_o be_v but_o a_o novice_n in_o the_o place_n whereby_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n fall_v into_o the_o government_n of_o such_o as_o be_v incapable_a thereof_o and_o without_o experience_n and_o if_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n their_o time_n be_v short_a that_o it_o do_v vanish_v away_o in_o feast_n and_o pleasure_n and_o matter_n either_o public_a or_o private_a do_v remain_v undecided_a and_o every_o thing_n protract_v without_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n beside_o how_o be_v it_o in_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n possible_a that_o he_o shall_v command_v with_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o a_o magistrate_n that_o within_o a_o little_a while_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cipher_n without_o power_n or_o authority_n what_o subject_n will_v yield_v he_o due_a respect_n and_o reverence_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o his_o office_n be_v perpetual_a and_o his_o estate_n assure_v he_o be_v resolve_v bold_o to_o resist_v the_o wicked_a to_o defend_v the_o good_a permanent_a commodity_n have_v by_o judge_n permanent_a to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o even_o to_o withstand_v tyrant_n who_o many_o time_n have_v be_v astonish_v to_o see_v the_o constancy_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o common_a law_n excellent_a because_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v authorise_v according_o for_o term_v of_o life_n as_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o place_n require_v and_o be_v also_o choose_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o integrity_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o law_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o ornament_n whereas_o to_o call_v the_o yearly_a judge_n in_o question_n after_o their_o time_n expire_v be_v a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n in_o other_o country_n the_o sheriff_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o put_v in_o every_o county_n the_o writ_n commandment_n annual_a subaltern_a officer_n annual_a and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o execution_n be_v remove_v every_o year_n and_o the_o same_o be_v expire_v they_o may_v be_v call_v to_o account_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n commit_v by_o they_o during_o their_o office_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n which_o make_v they_o vigilant_a and_o circumspect_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o place_n which_o they_o supply_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o deputy_n for_o who_o offence_n they_o must_v answer_v this_o authority_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n therefore_o do_v prevent_v many_o mischief_n put_v a_o fear_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o which_o in_o criminal_a case_n be_v call_v by_o some_o cruelty_n but_o the_o merciful_a judge_n be_v more_o to_o be_v blame_v in_o these_o case_n than_o the_o severe_a because_o severity_n make_v man_n to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o law_n whereas_o too_o much_o lenity_n cause_v contempt_n both_o of_o law_n and_o magistrate_n nevertheless_o as_o there_o be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n two_o principal_a point_n which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o consider_v namely_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o magistrate_n who_o sometime_o be_v too_o severe_a may_v do_v more_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o good_a see_v the_o intention_n of_o those_o that_o make_v the_o law_n good_a law_n intention_n be_v the_o common_a good_a be_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la this_o may_v be_v say_v especial_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o empson_n and_o dudley_n fresh_a in_o memory_n who_o be_v privy_a councillor_n to_o king_n henry_n 7_o cause_v the_o penal_a law_n to_o be_v strict_o execute_v against_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o king_n gather_v much_o treasure_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v much_o displease_v unto_o he_o as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v record_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o effectual_a to_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v call_v a_o tyrant_n than_o this_o course_n of_o strict_a execution_n of_o law_n which_o have_v a_o affinity_n with_o the_o say_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n sometime_o secretary_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscanie_n touch_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n in_o general_n it_o be_v miserable_a that_o we_o can_v do_v all_o thing_n machiavelli_n the_o say_n of_o machiavelli_n more_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o will_v do_v and_o most_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o can_v do_v informer_n nevertheless_o be_v necessary_a member_n in_o
salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o monpellier_n at_o aix_n 1501_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12._o in_o dolphin_n at_o dion_n 1476_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11_o for_o burgundy_n in_o provence_n at_o rouen_n 1449_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12_o for_o normandy_n at_o blois_n at_o rheame_n 1553_o by_o h._n the_o 2_o for_o britainie_n at_o rouen_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o france_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a receive_a opinion_n that_o pharamont_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o law_n other_o think_v it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o be_v call_v salie_n among_o who_o that_o law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n term_v all_o their_o law_n either_o ripuarie_n or_o salic_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o be_v call_v salique_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v of_o latter_a time_n as_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n to_o frustrate_v the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n huttin_n or_o else_o to_o have_v have_v the_o first_o strength_n from_o a_o usual_a custom_n of_o all_o barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o
king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n in_o the_o year_n 1328_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flowerdeluce_n as_o good_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sou_n tournois_n common_o account_v to_o be_v two_o shilling_n sterling_a in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o eight_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o say_a ell_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sou_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v twenty_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v not_o contain_v more_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o fineness_n than_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o velvet_n be_v not_o now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v then_o the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v now_o five_o hundred_o liver_n by_o the_o year_n to_o spend_v have_v no_o more_o than_o he_o that_o have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n to_o spend_v in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n he_o proceed_v for_o corn_n wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v but_o imaginary_a and_o a_o vain_a opinion_n to_o conceive_v that_o thing_n shall_v be_v dear_a now_o than_o in_o those_o day_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n although_o the_o same_o be_v give_v in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n it_o be_v receive_v this_o say_v monsieur_n malestroit_n be_v a_o old_a and_o common_a error_n root_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n that_o be_v far_o from_o the_o mark_n and_o without_o their_o reckon_n as_o he_o will_v manifest_v in_o the_o former_a term_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n the_o french_a crown_n aforesaid_a be_v worth_a but_o twenty_o sou_n which_o be_v now_o currant_n for_o fifty_o sou_n the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v fifty_o sou_n rend_v or_o income_n do_v receive_v for_o it_o two_o crown_n and_o ahalfe_n or_o so_o much_o in_o silver_n according_o for_o which_o two_o crown_n and_o a_o half_a he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o four_o liver_n the_o yard_n which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o velvet_n then_o now_o for_o this_o fifty_o sou_n the_o gentleman_n do_v receive_v but_o one_o crown_n or_o so_o much_o of_o silver_n money_n and_o for_o that_o one_o crown_n now_o he_o can_v buy_v but_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o liver_n that_o velvet_n be_v now_o worth_a whereas_o before_o he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n although_o he_o have_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n for_o fifty_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o price_n for_o which_o he_o receive_v the_o say_a crown_n and_o so_o proceed_v with_o other_o the_o like_a example_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n with_o silver_n coin_n or_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o rent_n or_o income_n add_v further_o thereunto_o that_o if_o any_o man_n will_v object_v and_o say_v i_o care_v not_o what_o the_o crown_n liver_n or_o sou_n be_v worth_a so_o as_o i_o have_v a_o hundred_o liver_n of_o rent_n pay_v i_o and_o that_o i_o can_v pay_v out_o again_o the_o say_v hundred_o liver_n this_o man_n say_v he_o must_v then_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o can_v have_v now_o as_o much_o ware_n for_o two_o sou_n as_o he_o can_v have_v have_v in_o time_n pass_v for_o two_o sou_n which_o be_v of_o fine_a silver_n and_o now_o almost_o of_o copper_n and_o in_o do_v so_o he_o shall_v make_v a_o three_o paradox_n more_o strange_a than_o the_o former_a for_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v become_v better_a cheap_a which_o can_v be_v prove_v the_o substance_n and_o intention_n of_o these_o two_o paradox_n be_v say_v he_o to_o show_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n do_v buy_v all_o thing_n as_o dear_a as_o in_o time_n past_a for_o that_o they_o must_v give_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n from_o whence_o of_o necessity_n proceed_v the_o abate_n of_o the_o silver_n money_n they_o inhaunce_v of_o gold_n abate_v the_o silver_n in_o regard_n of_o proportion_n between_o they_o the_o king_n do_v not_o receive_v in_o payment_n of_o his_o revenue_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o his_o predecessor_n in_o like_a manner_n noblemen_z and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v great_a revenue_n and_o incombe_n do_v not_o receive_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n be_v in_o copper_n in_o lieu_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o which_o copper_n according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n they_o can_v have_v so_o much_o ware_n as_o they_o may_v have_v for_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n so_o that_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o have_v by_o the_o grow_a dear_a of_o all_o thing_n come_v not_o by_o give_v more_o but_o by_o receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o before_o whereby_o we_o see_v manifest_o that_o the_o more_o we_o do_v enhance_v the_o price_n of_o money_n the_o more_o we_o lose_v mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n the_o famous_a and_o learned_a politician_n politician_n the_o great_a french_a politician_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o answer_n unto_o those_o two_o paradox_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o set_v down_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v five_o in_o number_n namely_o 1_o the_o principal_a and_o almost_o only_a cause_n the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o extant_a in_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a 2_o the_o monopoly_n 3_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n cause_v by_o excessive_a trade_n and_o waste_v thereof_o 4_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n that_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n 5_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n to_o prove_v the_o first_o case_n and_o principal_a he_o allege_v diverse_a example_n plutarch_n and_o pliny_n do_v witness_n wealth_n example_n of_o great_a wealth_n that_o paulus_n aemilius_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o macedon_n against_o the_o persian_n do_v bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o people_n be_v free_v of_o all_o impost_n and_o the_o price_n of_o land_n advance_v unto_o two_o three_o part_n sudden_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n bring_v such_o great_a treasure_n from_o egypt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o land_n become_v much_o dear_a and_o the_o like_a at_o jerusalem_n by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o candace_n and_o in_o the_o west_n indies_n by_o the_o spaniard_n conquest_n there_o and_o hereunto_o he_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o time_n past_a etc._n the_o french_a king_n john_n in_o england_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o ransom_n of_o prince_n take_v prisoner_n in_o those_o day_n and_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o wealth_n by_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n the_o propagation_n of_o the_o people_n in_o france_n their_o trade_n for_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n their_o bank_n at_o lion_n and_o other_o accident_n concern_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o monopoly_n he_o do_v pass_v over_o the_o same_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o considerable_a and_o do_v limit_v monopoly_n only_o to_o the_o combination_n of_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n in_o the_o set_n of_o a_o price_n to_o commodity_n or_o their_o handy_a work_n by_o augment_v their_o wage_n touch_v the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o want_n or_o waste_v of_o they_o he_o observe_v some_o especial_a thing_n that_o corn_n and_o wine_n be_v better_a cheap_a during_o the_o time_n of_o war_n than_o peace_n because_o the_o husbandman_n be_v drive_v to_o sell_v and_o to_o make_v money_n of_o his_o ware_n and_o the_o gentleman_n find_v the_o same_o perishable_a when_o the_o merchant_n dare_v not_o lade_v his_o ship_n do_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o make_v the_o people_n to_o live_v good_a cheap_a which_o according_a to_o the_o proverb_n france_n can_v never_o be_v famish_v will_v always_o continue_v france_n the_o fertility_n of_o france_n if_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o stranger_n their_o storehouse_n be_v not_o empty_v concern_v the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n impose_v a_o price_n upon_o commodity_n
which_o they_o do_v affect_v plato_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o state_n matter_n that_o prince_n do_v not_o only_o give_v law_n unto_o their_o subject_n but_o also_o by_o their_o example_n they_o do_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o man_n man_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n do_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o man_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o do_v use_v the_o example_n of_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o who_o be_v hurt_v in_o the_o head_n cause_v his_o hair_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o wherein_o the_o people_n do_v present_o imitate_v he_o we_o have_v see_v say_v he_o three_o great_a prince_n strive_v as_o it_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o best_a artificer_n namely_o the_o say_v great_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 8_o king_n of_o england_n and_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v never_o have_v the_o learned_a and_o reverend_a beda_n and_o the_o french_a king_n do_v pay_v seventie_o two_o thousand_o crown_n for_o a_o diamond_n rather_o than_o king_n henry_n shall_v have_v have_v it_o hereupon_o present_o the_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o to_o study_v and_o to_o buy_v precious_a stone_n when_o the_o nobility_n do_v imitate_v the_o king_n and_o when_o the_o king_n give_v over_o the_o same_o the_o price_n of_o they_o be_v much_o abate_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v here_o object_v say_v monsieur_n bodin_n that_o if_o thing_n shall_v still_o become_v dear_a partly_o through_o the_o waste_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o live_v because_o of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o war_n and_o calamity_n happen_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v stay_v the_o course_n of_o it_o as_o we_o may_v note_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v live_v with_o scarcity_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o in_o want_n and_o misery_n almost_o five_o hundred_o year_n when_o they_o have_v but_o copper_n money_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n weight_n copper_n money_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n and_o without_o stamp_n for_o their_o gold_n and_o silver_n come_v unto_o they_o in_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n by_o the_o spoil_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o rome_n by_o the_o scipion_n paul_n emilyus_fw-la marius_n sylla_n lucullus_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n especial_o by_o the_o two_o last_o for_o pompey_n do_v conquer_v so_o much_o land_n roman_n great_a wealth_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o make_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o be_v eight_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o crown_n caesar_n notwithstanding_o all_o his_o prodigality_n bring_v to_o the_o treasury_n forty_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v give_v at_o one_o time_n unto_o paul_n consul_n 900_o thousand_o crown_n to_o hold_v silence_n and_o unto_o curion_n tribune_n 1500_o thousand_o crown_n to_o take_v his_o part_n mark_v anthony_n go_v further_o as_o plutarch_n and_o appian_n have_v write_v for_o he_o give_v unto_o his_o army_n for_o their_o service_n do_v 200_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 120_o million_o of_o crown_n so_o do_v adrian_n the_o emperor_n to_o have_v the_o good_a will_n of_o forty_o legion_n give_v ten_o million_o whereby_o appear_v great_a abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o have_v be_v at_o rome_n but_o it_o do_v not_o last_v ever_o for_o in_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o parth_n goth_n hercules_n hongres_n and_o other_o cruel_a nation_n do_v overcome_v the_o empire_n and_o all_o italy_n and_o overcome_v the_o roman_n burn_v their_o city_n and_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v unto_o all_o commonweal_n to_o wax_n and_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o flourish_v for_o a_o time_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n commonweal_n the_o property_n of_o commonweal_n and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v old_a and_o decline_v until_o they_o be_v utter_o ruinate_v and_o destroy_v touch_v the_o last_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n he_o show_v how_o monsieur_n malestroit_n have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o money_n themselves_o make_v within_o three_o hundred_o year_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o saint_n lewis_n cause_v the_o first_o sol_n to_o be_v coin_a worth_a twelve_o denier_n whereof_o sixty_o four_o piece_n go_v to_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n and_o that_o in_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o time_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n without_o number_n and_o as_o good_a as_o the_o crown_n now_o be_v value_v but_o at_o twenty_o sol_n and_o that_o afterwards_o king_n john_n cause_v the_o frankes_n to_o be_v make_v of_o sine_fw-la gold_n which_o be_v but_o value_v twenty_o sol_n and_o that_o the_o sol_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a five_o of_o our_o sol_n he_o do_v not_o say_v of_o what_o weight_n and_o fineness_n the_o money_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o conclusion_n he_o say_v that_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n but_o if_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n according_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o deep_a judgement_n in_o other_o matter_n have_v due_o consider_v of_o these_o two_o paradox_n he_o will_v have_v make_v a_o direct_a answer_n thereunto_o before_o he_o will_v have_v proceed_v in_o his_o former_a discourse_n the_o first_o paradox_n be_v consider_v with_o the_o second_o will_v show_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n or_o contrariety_n paradox_n the_o contratierie_a of_o the_o paradox_n for_o the_o first_o do_v consist_v in_o give_v of_o more_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n now_o than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o deni_v and_o the_o second_o in_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o affirm_v which_o both_o way_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o nature_n of_o commutation_n now_o if_o we_o do_v not_o give_v more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n than_o in_o time_n past_a how_o can_v we_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o thereby_o receive_v a_o loss_n as_o in_o the_o second_o paradox_n be_v allege_v again_o if_o we_o do_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o in_o time_n past_a according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n whereby_o we_o sustain_v a_o loss_n how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a for_o that_o we_o give_v no_o more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o in_o time_n past_a commodity_n and_o money_n lie_v by_o this_o comparison_n in_o a_o equal_a balance_n but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o monsieur_n malestroit_n have_v a_o intention_n which_o he_o may_v have_v express_v in_o few_o word_n if_o he_o have_v the_o true_a ground_n and_o understand_v the_o matter_n he_o go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n etc._n cause_n of_o the_o denomination_n of_o money_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o yet_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n have_v not_o make_v a_o good_a interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a paradox_n and_o mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n touch_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n which_o he_o compare_v within_o themselves_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o or_o with_o they_o in_o effect_n so_o that_o they_o both_o mistake_v their_o ground_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o say_a treatise_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v ariadne_n her_o line_n wherewith_o they_o 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and_o equality_n of_o money_n domestical_a and_o foreign_a aforesaid_a a_o most_o easy_a remedy_n aâ—_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o let_v all_o merchant_n exchange_v one_o with_o another_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o they_o now_o do_v and_o can_v agree_v among_o themselves_o but_o never_o under_o that_o price_n see_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n nature_n and_o policy_n to_o undervalue_v the_o king_n money_n by_o exchange_n and_o all_o the_o commodity_n according_o to_o the_o incredible_a loss_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v not_o this_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v as_o we_o see_v the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n do_v govern_v the_o great_a carrack_n or_o vessel_n be_v but_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o timber_n fasten_v upon_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o keelne_v of_o the_o ship_n whereby_o it_o be_v direct_v according_a to_o all_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n as_o we_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o let_v the_o practice_n hereof_o assure_v we_o and_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o 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know_v there_o will_v not_o want_v some_o backbiter_n or_o momus_n to_o make_v little_a estimation_n of_o this_o columbus_n voyage_n to_o the_o rich_a india_n and_o go_v about_o to_o disgrace_v this_o great_a service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n for_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o set_v a_o egg_n on_o the_o end_n by_o way_n of_o imitation_n as_o other_o do_v when_o they_o see_v it_o do_v before_o money_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o set_v a_o price_n for_o money_n by_o these_o mean_n shall_v the_o ancient_a office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchanger_n be_v supply_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a prerogative_n the_o king_n have_v to_o set_v down_o a_o price_n on_o his_o own_o coin_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v a_o certain_a measure_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o connivance_n of_o toleration_n by_o foreign_a state_n abridge_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n frustrate_v and_o it_o import_v the_o king_n more_o to_o reform_v this_o exchange_n than_o any_o other_o prince_n because_o god_n have_v so_o bless_v england_n that_o no_o nation_n of_o christendom_n traffick_v so_o much_o in_o bulk_n of_o staple_n commodity_n as_o this_o realm_n which_o boter_n though_o altogether_o spanish_a in_o time_n past_a and_o no_o friend_n to_o england_n confess_v that_o two_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o antuerp_n 1584._o an._n 1584._o all_o the_o ware_n of_o christendom_n be_v value_v and_o sum_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v vent_v there_o in_o one_o year_n the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n the_o english_a amount_v to_o four_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o england_n have_v the_o head_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n the_o basis_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v our_o basis_n and_o foundation_n of_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereupon_o most_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o this_o head_n may_v command_v the_o member_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n more_o convenient_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n as_o before_o have_v be_v declare_v i_o have_v in_o this_o chapter_n think_v convenient_a to_o remember_v this_o important_a matter_n again_o with_o a_o variety_n of_o stile_n to_o revive_v and_o recreate_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n all_o the_o premise_n may_v in_o his_o apprehension_n and_o conceit_n give_v more_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n even_o to_o natural_a mother_n wit_n who_o commendation_n may_v not_o be_v omit_v chap._n xix_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v fall_v from_o perfection_n to_o imperfection_n be_v to_o ascend_v again_o from_o imperfection_n to_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n natural_a mother_n wit_n cast_v her_o eye_n back_o per_fw-la varios_fw-la casus_fw-la per_fw-la tot_fw-la discrimina_fw-la rerum_fw-la challenge_v the_o precedency_n of_o art_n by_o way_n of_o prosopopeia_fw-la by_o her_o ingenious_a observation_n of_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n under_o which_o she_o have_v note_v that_o all_o substantial_a thing_n under_o the_o cope_n of_o heaven_n be_v subject_a who_o will_v deny_v say_v the_o intellectual_a part_n of_o wit_n that_o even_o as_o forma_fw-la that_o esse_fw-la rei_fw-la so_o i_o cause_v dame_n nature_n to_o perform_v her_o function_n by_o produce_v spot_a lamb_n when_o i_o overcome_v the_o eyesight_n in_o generation_n 37_o gen._n 30._o ver_fw-la 37_o so_o when_o the_o tooth_n of_o infant_n come_v forth_o orderly_a and_o conjoin_v by_o my_o observation_n be_v they_o make_v a_o object_n for_o the_o tongue_n to_o play_v upon_o do_v not_o i_o teach_v those_o that_o can_v not_o pronounce_v the_o letter_n r_o to_o lay_v little_a pimble_a stone_n under_o their_o tongue_n to_o elevate_v the_o same_o to_o make_v they_o apt_a thereunto_o as_o also_o to_o cause_v the_o ligament_n to_o be_v break_v without_o which_o the_o grammarian_n can_v ascribe_v to_o himself_o grammatica_fw-la grammatica_fw-la vox_fw-la literata_fw-la &_o aâ—ticulata_fw-la debito_fw-la modo_fw-la pronunciata_fw-la by_o which_o ability_n the_o caldean_a hebrew_n greek_a and_o latin_a letter_n be_v afterward_o by_o art_n invent_v upon_o which_o foundation_n logic_n be_v build_v whereby_o i_o cause_v verum_fw-la &_o falsum_fw-la to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o truth_n to_o be_v discern_v which_o the_o logician_n have_v so_o much_o obscure_v by_o their_o sillogisme_n and_o argument_n found_v upon_o distinction_n division_n subdivision_n logica_fw-la logica_fw-la quillet_n and_o exception_n by_o variety_n of_o term_n that_o without_o my_o help_n the_o truth_n can_v hardly_o naked_o be_v know_v which_o by_o art_n shall_v be_v make_v plain_a and_o not_o intricate_a for_o a_o ripe_a wit_n will_v dispel_v the_o foggy_a mystery_n of_o deceitful_a fallacy_n as_o the_o sun_n drive_v away_o the_o wind_n and_o cloud_n poet_n be_v behold_v unto_o i_o who_o natural_a witty_a faculty_n make_v they_o famous_a according_a to_o the_o proverb_n nascimur_fw-la poetae_fw-la fimus_fw-la oratores_fw-la but_o now_o art_n step_v in_o rhetorica_fw-la rhetorica_fw-la and_o claim_v the_o honour_n of_o rhetoric_n as_o devise_v by_o she_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o facundity_n and_o fluency_n of_o speech_n and_o be_v call_v ornatus_fw-la persuasio_fw-la whereunto_o the_o celerity_n of_o wit_n occur_v say_v soft_a sir_n do_v not_o take_v i_o to_o be_v all_o wit_n without_o wisdom_n like_v unto_o tree_n full_a of_o fair_a leaf_n without_o fruit_n arithmetica_fw-la arithmetica_fw-la for_o lo_o yonder_o come_v arithmetic_n which_o be_v the_o original_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o seven_o liberal_a science_n or_o art_n without_o which_o none_o of_o they_o can_v subsist_v her_o poesy_n be_v par_n &_o impar_fw-la this_o foundation_n be_v lay_v by_o i_o among_o the_o heathen_n and_o unlearned_a creature_n of_o america_n and_o other_o country_n to_o demonstrate_v number_n by_o finger_n and_o toe_n tell_v two_o three_o four_o and_o so_o to_o ten_o than_o ten_o and_o one_o and_o ten_o and_o two_o and_o so_o forth_o still_o make_v sign_n as_o they_o speak_v and_o when_o they_o will_v reckon_v twenty_o they_o will_v hold_v down_o both_o their_o hand_n to_o their_o foot_n show_v all_o their_o finger_n and_o toe_n and_o as_o the_o number_n be_v great_a so_o will_v they_o double_v and_o augment_v the_o sign_n observe_v the_o same_o by_o a_o little_a bundle_n of_o stick_n lay_v or_o tie_v together_o and_o separate_v a_o sunder_o observe_v thereby_o their_o payment_n and_o promise_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n this_o be_v that_o account_v by_o score_n yet_o use_v whereof_o their_o arithmetic_n give_v denomination_n before_o any_o of_o the_o say_a art_n be_v invent_v and_o this_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o i_o ab_fw-la origine_fw-la for_o i_o have_v note_v that_o in_o thing_n create_v and_o engender_v the_o element_n be_v