a_o essay_n concern_v parliament_n at_o a_o certainty_n or_o the_o kalend_n of_o may._n by_o samuel_n johnson_n vice_n cotis_fw-la fungar_fw-la horace_n london_n print_v for_o the_o author_n mdcxciii_o to_o the_o baron_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o parliament_n assemble_v may_v it_o please_v your_o honour_n you_o either_o know_v more_o of_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o these_o paper_n or_o less_o or_o the_o same_o if_o you_o know_v more_o i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v it_o in_o your_o law_n which_o you_o mean_v to_o establish_v or_o which_o be_v better_o in_o your_o declaration_n of_o the_o constitution_n if_o not_o no_o body_n can_v find_v fault_n with_o my_o poor_a office_n of_o bear_v a_o light_n but_o they_o that_o have_v very_o ill_a eye_n i_o be_o the_o know_a servant_n of_o you_o and_o of_o my_o whole_a country_n samuel_n johnson_n a_o essay_n concern_v parliament_n at_o a_o certainty_n chap._n i._n show_v that_o the_o frequent_a meeting_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o basis_n of_o our_o constitution_n and_o the_o true_a of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o the_o intermission_n of_o they_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o english_a law_n if_o a_o man_n will_v have_v a_o entire_a view_n of_o the_o english_a constitution_n he_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o those_o able_a and_o approve_a author_n who_o have_v write_v purposely_o on_o that_o subject_a for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n parva_n est_fw-la authoritas_fw-la aliud_fw-la agentis_fw-la and_o what_o be_v say_v by_o the_o by_o be_v of_o less_o weight_n than_o what_o be_v profess_o handle_v provide_v it_o have_v be_v mature_o consider_v by_o a_o competent_a judge_n of_o that_o matter_n of_o which_o he_o treat_v and_o in_o this_o kind_n we_o do_v not_o find_v a_o man_n better_o qualify_v than_o the_o learned_a lord_n chancellor_n fortescue_n who_o be_v a_o age_a lawyer_n and_o have_v be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n when_o he_o write_v his_o book_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la which_o be_v on_o purpose_n in_o a_o dialogue_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o english_a constitution_n and_o to_o let_v he_o know_v by_o what_o sort_v of_o law_n the_o realm_n in_o which_o he_o be_v to_o succeed_v his_o father_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v and_o therefore_o he_o adjure_v he_o over_o and_o over_o again_o to_o addict_v himself_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o law_n of_o his_o father_n realm_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o succeed_v fol._n 16._o a._n and_o have_v show_v the_o prince_n the_o different_a nature_n of_o reahns_n where_o a_o king_n can_v tyrannize_v and_o where_o he_o can_v not_o be_v restrain_v by_o politic_a law_n fol._n 26._o b._n rejoice_v therefore_o say_v he_o most_o excellent_a prince_n and_o be_v glad_a that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o which_o you_o be_v to_o succeed_v be_v such_o for_o it_o shall_v exhibit_v and_o minister_v to_o you_o and_o your_o people_n no_o small_a security_n and_o comfort_n but_o out_o of_o that_o excellent_a book_n which_o i_o believe_v no_o way_n warp_v for_o then_o it_o must_v lean_v towards_o the_o court_n partly_o because_o of_o the_o flattery_n and_o officiousness_n which_o be_v too_o often_o find_v in_o dialogue_n with_o prince_n and_o partly_o because_o the_o author_n be_v retain_v on_o the_o crown_n side_n by_o the_o great_a office_n in_o england_n i_o will_v confine_v myself_o to_o those_o passage_n only_o which_o relate_v to_o the_o frequency_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o first_o i_o meet_v with_o be_v in_o his_o 18_o chap._n concern_v the_o statute_n of_o england_n in_o these_o word_n et_fw-la si_fw-la statuta_fw-la haec_fw-la tantâ_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la &_o prudentiâ_fw-la edita_fw-la efficaciae_fw-la tantae_fw-la quantae_fw-la conditorum_fw-la cupiebat_fw-la intentio_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la contingant_fw-la concitò_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la 〈◊〉_d non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitùs_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la and_o if_o these_o statute_n fall_v short_a of_o their_o intend_a efficacy_n though_o devise_v with_o such_o great_a solemnity_n and_o wisdom_n of_o parliament_n they_o may_v very_o quick_o be_v reform_v but_o not_o without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v their_o source_n from_o the_o beginning_n now_o i_o only_o desire_v that_o the_o word_n concitò_fw-la may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o be_v the_o quick_a word_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v and_o show_v that_o our_o parliament_n be_v always_o at_o hand_n and_o the_o whole_a passage_n show_v for_o what_o wise_a and_o just_a reason_n they_o be_v so_o the_o next_o passage_n be_v chap._n 53._o fol._n 129._o a._n neque_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la frivolas_fw-la &_o infructuosas_fw-la permittunt_fw-la inducias_fw-la et_fw-la siquae_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la illo_fw-la dilationes_fw-la in_o placitis_fw-la minùs_fw-la accommodae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la usitatae_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la parliamento_fw-la amputari_fw-la illae_fw-la possunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la leges_fw-la aliae_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la illo_fw-la usitatae_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o aliquo_fw-la claudicaverint_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la parliamento_fw-la poterunt_fw-la reformari_fw-la quo_fw-la recte_fw-la concludi_fw-la potest_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la leges_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la optimae_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la vel_fw-la potentiâ_fw-la quo_fw-la faciliter_fw-la in_o actum_fw-la duci_fw-la poterunt_fw-la &_o in_fw-la essentiam_fw-la realem_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la faciendum_fw-la quoties_fw-la aequitas_fw-la id_fw-la poposcerit_fw-la singuli_fw-la reges_fw-la ibidem_fw-la sacramento_n astringuntur_fw-la solemniter_fw-la praestito_fw-la tempore_fw-la receptionis_fw-la diadematis_fw-la svi_fw-la neither_o do_v the_o law_n of_o england_n allow_v in_o lawsuit_n frivolous_a and_o fruitless_a delay_n and_o if_o in_o this_o kingdom_n delay_n in_o plea_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o purpose_n shall_v be_v use_v they_o may_v in_o every_o parliament_n be_v cut_v off_o yea_o and_o all_o other_o law_n use_v in_o the_o realm_n when_o they_o halt_n or_o be_v defective_a in_o any_o point_n they_o may_v in_o every_o parliament_n be_v set_v to_o right_n whereupon_o it_o may_v be_v right_o conclude_v that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v the_o best_a in_o the_o world_n either_o actual_o or_o potential_o since_o they_o can_v easy_o be_v bring_v into_o act_n or_o be_v to_o the_o performance_n whereof_o as_o often_o as_o equity_n so_o require_v every_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o oath_n solemn_o take_v at_o the_o time_n of_o receive_v his_o crown_n out_o of_o this_o last_o passage_n i_o will_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o more_o observation_n than_o these_o first_o that_o parliament_n be_v the_o remedy_n against_o delay_n in_o law_n proceed_n but_o how_o if_o parliament_n themselves_o shall_v be_v delay_v second_o that_o if_o any_o or_o all_o our_o law_n shall_v halt_n and_o our_o parliament_n at_o the_o same_o time_n shall_v be_v cripple_a too_o and_o not_o able_a to_o come_v together_o they_o can_v not_o help_v one_o another_o in_o the_o next_o and_o last_o chapter_n of_o that_o book_n fol._n 129._o b._n the_o prince_n immediate_o reply_v princeps_fw-la leges_fw-la illas_fw-la nedum_fw-la bonas_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o optimas_fw-la esse_fw-la cancellarie_n ex_fw-la prosecutione_n tuâ_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la dialogo_fw-la certissimè_fw-la deprehendi_fw-la et_fw-la siquae_fw-la ex_fw-la illis_fw-la meliorari_fw-la deposcant_fw-la id_fw-la citissimè_fw-la fieri_fw-la posse_fw-la parliamentorum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la formulae_fw-la nos_fw-la erudiunt_fw-la quo_fw-la realiter_fw-la potentialiterve_fw-la regnum_fw-la illud_fw-la semper_fw-la praestantissimis_fw-la legibus_fw-la gubernatur_fw-la nec_fw-la tuas_fw-la in_o hâc_fw-la concionatione_fw-la doctrinas_fw-la futuris_fw-la angliae_fw-la regibus_fw-la inutiles_fw-la fore_fw-la conjicio_fw-la dum_fw-la non_fw-la delectent_fw-la regere_fw-la legibus_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la delectant_fw-la say_v the_o prince_n my_o lord_n chancellor_n by_o the_o tenor_n of_o your_o discourse_n in_o this_o dialogue_n i_o be_o thorough_o satisfy_v that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o only_o good_a but_o the_o best_a in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o case_n any_o of_o the_o law_n want_v to_o be_v mend_v or_o improve_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o english_a parliament_n do_v instruct_v we_o that_o that_o may_v be_v do_v forthwith_o whereupon_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v always_o govern_v by_o the_o very_o best_a law_n either_o in_o reality_n or_o in_o possibility_n and_o beside_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o doctrine_n that_o have_v be_v hold_v forth_o in_o this_o dialogue_n will_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o shall_v come_v hereafter_o since_o no_o body_n like_v to_o govern_v by_o law_n which_o they_o do_v not_o like_a after_o all_o these_o laud_n and_o praise_n of_o the_o english_a law_n which_o the_o chancellor_n have_v stick_v all_o over_o with_o star_n quite_o through_o his_o book_n and_o have_v make_v their_o perfection_n to_o centre_n in_o this_o
pour_fw-fr aide_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d cuilets_n the_o 〈◊〉_d et_fw-fr ou_fw-fr les_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d duissent_fw-la fair_a all_o common_a assent_n deal_v roy_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr ses_fw-fr counties_n la_fw-fr le_fw-fr se_fw-fr font_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d ses_fw-fr clerk_n 〈◊〉_d per_n alien_n 〈◊〉_d autres_fw-fr que_fw-fr nosent_fw-fr contravener_n le_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d eins_fw-ge 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr luy_fw-fr plaire_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr luy_fw-fr counsellor_n a_o son_n 〈◊〉_d tout_fw-fr ne_fw-fr soit_fw-fr my_o le_fw-mi counsel_n covenable_n all_o commons_o deal_v people_n fan_n 〈◊〉_d les_fw-fr counties_n 〈◊〉_d fan_n ensuer_fw-mi les_fw-fr rule_n de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dount_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d see_v foundent_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d fur_n 〈◊〉_d que_fw-fr sur_fw-fr droit_n the_o second_o abusion_n of_o the_o law_n be_v that_o whereas_o parliament_n ought_v to_o convene_v for_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o trespassor_n and_o this_o at_o london_n and_o two_o time_n in_o the_o year_n now_o a_o day_n they_o meet_v but_o seldom_o and_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o king_n for_o aid_n and_o gather_n of_o treasure_n and_o whereas_o ordinance_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o county_n now_o they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o clerk_n and_o by_o alien_n and_o other_o that_o dare_v not_o contradict_v the_o king_n but_o desire_v to_o please_v he_o and_o to_o counsel_v he_o for_o his_o own_o profit_n though_o it_o be_v not_o counsel_n which_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o people_n without_o apply_v to_o the_o county_n and_o without_o follow_v the_o rule_n of_o right_a whereupon_o there_o be_v several_a of_o the_o present_a ordinance_n that_o be_v rather_o found_v upon_o will_n than_o upon_o right_n from_o this_o passage_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o the_o place_n of_o a_o parliament_n meeting_n be_v fix_v and_o still_o at_o london_n and_o that_o the_o two_o time_n a_o year_n be_v stand_v law_n down_o to_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o though_o abusion_n and_o court-practice_n have_v break_v in_o upon_o the_o law_n now_o let_v we_o see_v how_o the_o law_n stand_v afterward_o wherein_o i_o can_v only_o consult_v the_o book_n i_o have_v by_o i_o for_o i_o have_v not_o health_n enough_o to_o go_v and_o transcribe_v the_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n but_o take_v they_o upon_o content_a as_o they_o lie_v in_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n abridgement_n of_o the_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n and_o there_o in_o the_o very_a first_o page_n 5_o ed._n 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v ordain_v que_fw-fr parliament_n serra_fw-mi tenus_fw-la un_fw-fr ou_fw-fr deux_fw-fr foit_n per_fw-la an._n that_o a_o parliament_n shall_v be_v hold_v one_o time_n or_o two_o time_n a_o year_n here_o you_o see_v the_o twice_o a_o year_n be_v 〈◊〉_d into_o once_o or_o twice_o the_o next_o be_v p._n 93._o of_o the_o same_o bock_n 36._o ed._n 3._o the_o print_n touch_v the_o yearly_o hold_v of_o a_o parliament_n cap._n 10._o agree_v with_o 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which_o be_v enact_v in_o that_o law_n namely_o that_o the_o law_n for_o a_o parliament_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o least_o once_o a_o year_n shall_v hereafter_o be_v due_o keep_v and_o observe_v scobel_n coll._n 16_o car._n 1._o cap._n 1._o this_o act_n be_v gentle_o draw_v up_o and_o have_v more_o of_o a_o prospect_n than_o a_o retrospect_n and_o do_v not_o look_v back_o into_o those_o oppression_n which_o king_n charles_n himself_o in_o his_o large_a declaration_n of_o august_n the_o 12_o do_v acknowledge_v be_v insupportable_a which_o be_v whole_o owe_v to_o this_o long_a intermission_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o wise_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n the_o two_o first_o year_n parliament_n shall_v fail_v than_o come_v a_o peremptory_a parliament_n which_o the_o king_n and_o keeper_n may_v call_v if_o they_o please_v but_o if_o they_o do_v not_o the_o county_n and_o burrough_n of_o england_n be_v force_v to_o send_v it_o be_v a_o act_n that_o execute_v itself_o like_o our_o act_n for_o 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we_o see_v what_o alteration_n be_v make_v by_o this_o new_a act_n 16_o car._n 2._o which_o follow_v in_o these_o word_n sect._n 3_o and_o because_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o 3d_o parliament_n be_v to_o 10._o be_v hold_v very_o often_o that_o be_v once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v discontinue_v above_o three_o year_n at_o the_o most_o i_o do_v not_o use_v to_o admire_v consequence_n which_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v but_o under_o favour_n i_o will_v be_v take_v right_o i_o say_v that_o the_o recital_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n do_v not_o repeal_v they_o disannul_v they_o anneantir_fw-fr any_o thing_n nothing_o when_o there_o be_v not_o one_o repeal_n word_n concern_v they_o in_o that_o statute_n i_o know_v what_o i_o say_v when_o i_o wish_v the_o triennial_n bill_n of_o forty_o have_v never_o be_v make_v and_o it_o must_v be_v remember_v 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prynne_n large_a book_n p._n 158._o i_o will_v quote_v no_o more_o of_o it_o than_o be_v for_o my_o purpose_n it_o be_v concern_v the_o yearly_o tribute_n of_o a_o thousand_o mark_n which_o the_o pope_n from_o k._n john_n time_n claim_v and_o there_o be_v several_a year_n due_a the_o pope_n nuncio_n solicit_v the_o matter_n but_o the_o king_n excuse_v himself_o that_o he_o have_v come_v to_o no_o resolution_n in_o his_o easter-parliament_n but_o by_o common_a advice_n he_o will_v give_v he_o a_o answer_n in_o his_o michaelmass-parliament_n next_o follow_v at_o present_a i_o only_o mind_v the_o word_v and_o way_n of_o express_v these_o two_o parliament_n concern_v the_o first_o he_o say_v in_o parliamento_fw-la quod_fw-la circa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d resurressionis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d celebrati_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d consuevit_fw-la in_o a_o parliament_n that_o use_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o england_n about_o the_o octave_n of_o easter_n that_o word_n consuevit_fw-la amount_v to_o custom_n and_o usage_n and_o seem_v to_o express_v a_o parliament_n de_fw-fr more_n he_o say_v that_o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o octabis_n and_o by_o occasion_n of_o his_o sickness_n after_o they_o have_v make_v several_a good_a law_n and_o 〈◊〉_d many_o grievance_n but_o not_o all_o that_o lay_v before_o they_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a that_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v and_o the_o king_n can_v not_o treat_v with_o they_o about_o the_o pope_n petition_n of_o tribute_n but_o he_o promise_v to_o do_v the_o pope_n reason_n in_o his_o michaelmass-parliament_n which_o he_o intend_v now_o let_v we_o see_v how_o that_o be_v express_v 〈◊〉_d firmo_fw-la scituri_fw-la pie_n dater_fw-la et_fw-la domine_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o alio_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la prox_n futur_fw-la intendimus_fw-la dante_o domino_fw-la celebrare_fw-la habito_fw-la et_fw-la communicato_fw-la consilio_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d et_fw-la 〈◊〉_d memoratis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d super_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ipsorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la dabimus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d know_v for_o certain_a pious_a father_n and_o lord_n that_o in_o another_o parliament_n of_o we_o which_o we_o intend_v to_o hold_v at_o michaelmass_n next_o ensue_v with_o god_n leave_n we_o and_o the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n aforesaid_a consult_v together_o according_a to_o their_o advice_n will_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n upon_o the_o premise_n but_o i_o will_v say_v no_o more_o upon_o this_o head_n be_v intent_n upon_o another_o chap._n iii_o show_v that_o the_o yearly_o parliament_n be_v fresh_a and_o fresh_a there_o be_v several_a way_n of_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o new_a election_n every_o year_n they_o tell_v i_o there_o be_v writ_n extant_a for_o new_a election_n for_o fourscore_o year_n successive_o where_o there_o be_v but_o about_o six_o want_v what_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o lose_v imbezelled_a or_o make_v away_o what_o then_o be_v our_o constitution_n lose_v when_o bundle_n of_o writ_n be_v lose_v no_o i_o will_v go_v no_o far_o than_o this_o last_o letter_n to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a appearance_n that_o while_n there_o be_v two_o parliament_n in_o a_o year_n the_o second_o must_v be_v new_o call_v though_o i_o hate_v the_o word_n new_o apply_v to_o a_o parliament_n for_o a_o parliament_n be_v a_o parliament_n and_o our_o ancestor_n will_v no_o more_o have_v dream_v of_o a_o stale_a or_o old_a parliament_n than_o of_o a_o old_a moon_n cut_v out_o into_o star_n i_o will_v cite_v the_o word_n of_o king_n edward_n letter_n date_v the_o 19_o of_o june_n in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o reign_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v let_v the_o reader_n make_v his_o own_o judgement_n upon_o they_o it_o be_v in_o the_o interval_n betwixt_o his_o 〈◊〉_d and_o his_o michaelmass-parliament_n set_a antequam_fw-la eidem_fw-la
remedy_n thereupon_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a notwithstanding_o the_o say_a king_n that_o in_o his_o parliament_n he_o may_v obtain_v his_o will_n which_o be_v rash_a often_o direct_v his_o mandate_n to_o his_o sheriff_n that_o they_o shall_v return_v certain_a person_n nominate_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n which_o knight_n indeed_o he_o can_v make_v pliable_a to_o he_o and_o as_o he_o very_o often_o do_v sometime_o by_o various_a threat_n and_o terror_n and_o sometime_o by_o gift_n to_o consent_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o realm_n and_o extreme_o burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n and_o particular_o to_o grant_v the_o same_o king_n the_o subsidy_n of_o wool_n during_o his_o life_n and_o another_o subsidy_n for_o certain_a year_n thereby_o too_o much_o oppress_v his_o people_n now_o if_o he_o can_v have_v make_v long_a parliament_n he_o need_v not_o have_v make_v use_n of_o these_o mean_a shift_n but_o he_o can_v make_v 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it_o quod_fw-la arthurus_n rex_fw-la inclytus_fw-la britonum_fw-la invenit_fw-la then_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o original_a name_n of_o it_o be_v not_o folkmote_a then_o we_o will_v mind_v the_o name_n no_o more_o but_o come_v to_o the_o thing_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o the_o learnede_a glossary_n that_o ever_o be_v write_v i_o will_v not_o except_v mr._n somner_n say_v thus_o under_o the_o word_n gemotum_fw-la wittenagemot_n idem_fw-la apud_fw-la anglosaxones_n quod_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la hodie_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la parumque_fw-la a_o folcmoto_fw-la differebat_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la hoc_fw-la annuum_fw-la esset_fw-la &_o e_fw-la certis_fw-la plerumque_fw-la causis_fw-la illud_fw-la ex_fw-la arduis_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la &_o legum_n condendarum_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la principis_fw-la indictum_fw-la a_o wittenagemot_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n among_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o now_o at_o this_o day_n a_o parliament_n be_v among_o we_o and_o a_o wittenagemote_a differ_v little_a from_o a_o folkmote_a only_o that_o this_o last_o be_v annual_a and_o chief_o sit_v about_o the_o stand_a affair_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o other_o be_v call_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n upon_o emergency_n of_o state_n and_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o make_v law_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o the_o learned_a antiquary_n say_v concern_v folkmotes_n by_o themselves_o in_o the_o same_o place_n p._n 315._o in_o folcmoto_fw-la semel_fw-la quotannis_fw-la sub_fw-la initio_fw-la kalendarum_fw-la maii_n tanquam_fw-la in_fw-la annuo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la convenere_fw-la regni_fw-la principes_fw-la tam_fw-la episcopi_fw-la quam_fw-la magistratus_fw-la liberique_fw-la homines_fw-la jurantur_fw-la laici_fw-la omnes_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la in_o mutuum_fw-la foedus_fw-la in_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o in_o jura_n regni_fw-la conservanda_fw-la consulitur_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la salute_n the_o pace_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr utilitate_fw-la publicâ_fw-la promovendâ_fw-la in_o a_o folkmote_a once_o every_o year_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n as_o in_o a_o yearly_o parliament_n there_o meet_v together_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o well_o bishop_n as_o magistrate_n and_o the_o freeman_n all_o the_o layman_n be_v swear_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n into_o a_o mutual_a covenant_n with_o one_o another_o into_o their_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o consult_v of_o the_o common_a safety_n of_o peace_n of_o war_n and_o of_o promote_a the_o public_a profit_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o word_n adhibetur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la folcmotum_fw-la in_o repentino_fw-it omni_fw-la discrimine_fw-la exigente_fw-la etiam_fw-la necessitate_v sub_fw-la aldermanno_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la comite_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la comitatus_fw-la beside_o a_o folkmote_a be_v use_v in_o every_o sudden_a danger_n and_o likewise_o if_o 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they_o consult_v of_o the_o common_a safety_n of_o peace_n of_o war_n and_o promote_a the_o public_a profit_n and_o do_v not_o the_o general_n title_n of_o our_o law_n every_o session_n run_v thus_o to_o the_o high_a honour_n of_o god_n and_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o ever_o there_o be_v wites_z in_o parliament_n sure_o it_o be_v prince_n as_o well_o bishop_n as_o magistrate_n and_o the_o freeman_n why_o then_o do_v this_o learned_a knight_n distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o wittenagemote_a and_o a_o folkmote_a see_v they_o be_v both_o make_v up_o of_o wites_z i_o be_o govern_v by_o thing_n and_o not_o by_o word_n and_o be_o thorough_o satisfy_v that_o a_o assembly_n which_o do_v parliament-business_n be_v a_o parliament_n and_o no_o doubt_n the_o folkmote_a make_v law_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n shall_v sit_v consult_v forty_o day_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n of_o army_n and_o fleet_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v three_o thousand_o ship_n and_o be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o the_o dominion_n of_o
the_o sea_n of_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o redress_n of_o those_o grievance_n and_o of_o provide_v for_o the_o common_a profit_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o after_o all_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o enact_v their_o own_o conclusion_n that_o be_v just_a as_o if_o our_o present_a parliament_n shall_v spend_v forty_o day_n in_o find_v out_o way_n and_o mean_n for_o the_o raise_n money_n and_o afterward_o be_v not_o able_a to_o put_v they_o into_o a_o law_n or_o as_o we_o private_a man_n use_v to_o consult_v and_o debate_v and_o settle_v the_o nation_n over_o a_o dish_n of_o coffee_n without_o be_v able_a to_o oblige_v one_o single_a man_n to_o our_o order_n the_o thing_n which_o mislead_v this_o great_a antiquary_n as_o i_o conjecture_v to_o make_v this_o mark_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o folkmote_a and_o a_o wittenagemote_a as_o if_o a_o wittenagemote_a make_v law_n and_o a_o folkmote_a nor_o be_v this_o that_o when_o the_o saxon_a king_n issue_v out_o their_o law_n they_o say_v they_o have_v pass_v in_o their_o wittenagemote_a concilio_n sapientum_fw-la or_o council_n of_o wise_a man_n and_o it_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o king_n to_o call_v his_o folkmote_a by_o that_o name_n though_o not_o for_o they_o themselves_o as_o for_o instance_n the_o writ_n of_o election_n at_o this_o day_n call_v for_o some_o of_o the_o discreet_a to_o be_v choose_v to_o parliament_n though_o the_o member_n do_v not_o assume_v that_o title_n and_o i_o know_v so_o much_o of_o the_o old_a english_a genius_n that_o they_o will_v no_o more_o have_v call_v themselves_o a_o wittenagemote_a than_o this_o present_a parliament_n will_v call_v their_o vote_n which_o come_v out_o day_n by_o day_n journal_n de_fw-fr sqavans_n but_o i_o will_v wave_v conjecture_n even_o in_o antiquity_n though_o we_o be_v there_o oftentimes_o force_v to_o go_v in_o the_o dark_a to_o tread_v upon_o ruin_n and_o to_o feel_v out_o our_o way_n because_o i_o have_v direct_a proof_n that_o the_o folkmote_v make_v all_o the_o law_n we_o ever_o have_v and_o for_o this_o i_o will_v go_v no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o usual_a and_o accustom_a coronation_n oath_n take_v by_o the_o former_a king_n of_o england_n and_o take_v twice_o by_o richard_n the_o second_o 1_o hen._n 4._o membr_n 20._o inter_fw-la decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la p._n 2746._o in_o these_o word_n speak_v to_o the_o king_n by_o way_n of_o question_n concedis_fw-la justas_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la esse_fw-la tenendas_fw-la &_o promittis_fw-la per_fw-la te_fw-la esse_fw-la protegendas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la dei_fw-la corroborandas_fw-la quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la vires_fw-la tuas_fw-la respondebit_fw-la concedo_fw-la &_o promitto_fw-la do_v you_o grant_v that_o the_o just_a law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v of_o the_o folk_n choose_v shall_v be_v keep_v and_o do_v you_o promise_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v protect_v and_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n receive_v affirmance_n by_o you_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o your_o power_n the_o king_n shall_v answer_v i_o grant_v and_o promise_n now_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o a_o folkmote_a can_v be_v otherwise_o express_v in_o latin_a than_o by_o the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la which_o be_v a_o collective_a word_n or_o how_o the_o vulgus_fw-la or_o folk_n can_v choose_v law_n any_o otherwise_o than_o in_o a_o folkmote_a i_o will_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o stiff_a dispute_n which_o exercise_v king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o his_o parliament_n for_o a_o long_a time_n whether_o the_o word_n be_v praeter_fw-la tense_n or_o future_a and_o whether_o the_o word_n be_v best_o render_v in_o the_o french_a translation_n the_o law_n which_o the_o folk_n auront_fw-fr esleu_fw-fr shall_v have_v choose_v or_o which_o the_o folk_n eslieront_fw-fr shall_v hereafter_o choose_v whereupon_o they_o say_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o sign_n and_o affirm_v all_o the_o law_n they_o shall_v hereafter_o present_v to_o he_o and_o that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v use_n of_o a_o negative_a without_o perjury_n i_o say_v that_o that_o whole_a dispute_n be_v not_o worth_a a_o farthing_n for_o if_o the_o folk_n choose_v the_o law_n all_o along_o down_o to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_v time_n and_o the_o king_n be_v swear_v to_o affirm_v they_o than_o we_o know_v how_o the_o law_n ancient_o be_v make_v and_o who_o care_v whether_o eslieront_fw-fr or_o choose_v for_o the_o future_a be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n or_o no_o for_o if_o the_o folk_n choose_v be_v the_o constitution_n in_o k._n richard_n the_o second_v time_n than_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v in_o what_o king_n be_v reign_n it_o be_v afterward_o that_o the_o constitution_n be_v alter_v in_o short_a the_o folk_n choose_v the_o law_n and_o i_o believe_v the_o english_a folkmote_a and_o wittenagemote_a will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v old_a homer_n river_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o the_o god_n call_v xanthus_n but_o mortal_a man_n call_v scamander_n now_o though_o scamander_n be_v the_o homely_a name_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o same_o river_n i_o can_v but_o say_v there_o be_v some_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o folkmote_a upon_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n and_o the_o folkmotes_n which_o the_o king_n always_o call_v for_o his_o ardua_fw-la contingentia_fw-la or_o contingency_n of_o state_n but_o the_o difference_n lie_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o folkmote_a of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v a_o parliament_n de_fw-fr more_fw-it and_o of_o course_n who_o assemble_v themselves_o sub_fw-la initio_fw-la kalendarum_fw-la maii_n say_v spelman_n and_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v so_o in_o capite_fw-la kal._n maii_n say_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o de_fw-fr greve_n and_o out_o of_o that_o chapter_n have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n extract_v his_o true_a account_n of_o a_o gerneral_n folkmote_a which_o be_v anniversary_n whereas_o a_o wittenagemote_a or_o extraordinary_a parliament_n or_o folkmote_n be_v summon_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o be_v ever_o at_o his_o call_n both_o for_o time_n and_o place_n other_o difference_n i_o can_v find_v none_o for_o as_o for_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o a_o folkmote_a if_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o well_o bishop_n as_o magistrate_n and_o the_o freeman_n can_v denominate_v a_o wittenagemote_a i_o know_v not_o where_o the_o king_n will_v find_v his_o wites_z or_o wiseman_n i_o have_v speak_v to_o that_o point_n already_o i_o have_v likewise_o speak_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o folkmotes_n make_v of_o law_n we_o find_v indeed_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o the_o preface_n of_o their_o law_n which_o be_v make_v in_o extraordinary_a parliament_n decree_v with_o their_o wites_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o at_o greatanlage_n and_o at_o midwinter_n afterward_o at_o eaxcester_n as_o king_n athelstan_n some_o at_o 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o holy_a easterly_a tide_n as_o king_n edmund_n other_o at_o wodestock_n in_o mercialand_n and_o other_o at_o winchester_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v a_o power_n to_o summon_v parliament_n when_o and_o where_o their_o weighty_a affair_n require_v they_o in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o at_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n this_o be_v a_o undoubted_a prerogative_n lodge_v in_o the_o king_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o ardua_fw-la contingentia_fw-la and_o no_o man_n will_v govern_v a_o kingdom_n that_o can_v not_o command_v the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v forthcoming_a when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v it_o and_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o these_o ardua_fw-la negotia_fw-la the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v to_o be_v impower_v to_o act_n in_o parliament-business_n by_o those_o that_o send_v they_o lest_o for_o want_v of_o that_o full_a and_o sufficient_a power_n or_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o improvident_a election_n these_o arduous_a and_o weighty_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a remain_n infecta_fw-la or_o be_v leave_v undo_v this_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o present_a writ_n of_o election_n direct_v to_o every_o sheriff_n of_o a_o county_n at_o every_o election_n of_o parliament-man_n but_o that_o be_v not_o my_o present_a business_n for_o i_o be_o in_o a_o further_a search_n after_o the_o annual_a or_o rather_o the_o anniversary_n folkmote_a chap._n v._n concern_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o yearly_o folkmote_a of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may._n before_o i_o proceed_v any_o further_o i_o must_v clear_v one_o point_n and_o that_o be_v that_o we_o find_v the_o author_n and_o founder_n of_o our_o yearly_o folkmote_v mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o be_v recite_v and_o confirm_v by_o k._n william_n the_o first_o under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr greve_n chap._n 35._o which_o may_v possible_o leave_v a_o suspicion_n that_o this_o yearly_o folkmote_a of_o the_o