know did pretend large Commissions from the King But of his Treating a Peace it was so secret that I never knew it though I was at that time of the Suprcam Council till that after the Archbishop of Tuam was killed the Peace made with him was known at Dublin it being found in the Archbishops Pocket and the benefit of it earnestly pretended by the Nuntio and his Party but as resolutely refused and rejected by my Lord Lieutenant This Peace goes by the name of Glamorgans Peace However the Nuntio having this colour improves it and by his Emissaries of the Clergy insinuates to the People his threats of excommunicating those that should accept of Ormonds Peace as they called it This broke and divided the Catholicks extremely Which the Nuncio perceiving followed it with a Thundring Excommunication to that effect Now let the failour of this Peace lie at whose door it will 't is no rashness to say That Story mentions not any one thing that had so fatal a consequence For if this Peace had gone on the King had presently been supplyed with great forces from Ireland both of English and Irish and so probably might have been prevented the ensuing mischiefs that shortly after happen'd both to him and all his Loyal Subjects throughout his Dominions But the Irish had a more particular ill Fate than the rest by this breach of Faith For albeit they discovering their Error did not long after mightily endeavour to make amends the best they could by a second and very solemn Agreement which their Commissioners signed and themselves confirmed and Sealed it with the blood of more than twenty Thousand of their best men who lost their lives to maintain it refusing in the mean while all offers of Peace and that even to the very last from the Parliament yet since his Majesties happy Restauration their Estates are by the Acts of Settlement given away some very few excepted As if all the Confederate Catholicks of Ireland had been as guilty as those who begun the Rebellion of the North or as those that were the only Authors of breaking the Peace of 46. SECT VII Private Treaties 'twixt Inchiquin and Taaf Agents sent to Paris from the Confederates Ormond return'd and the Peace of 48. concluded By it Castlehaven made General of the Horse With 5000 Foot and a 1000 Horse he regains Mary-Borough Athy and all Leix from Owen O Neals people Lord Lieutenant Marches to Dublin Some difference happen'd in point of Command makes Castlehaven withdraw The uproar at Kilkenny suppress'd by him THe Marquess of Ormond having perform'd Agreements with the Parliament left Ireland and after some time spent in England went to France At St. Germains he attended the Queen and Prince of Wales It was not long before my Lord of Inchiquin having some discontent given him by the Parliament entred into secret Treaties with the Lord Taaf since made Earl of Carlingford and other General or Principal Leaders amongst the Irish who since the rejection of the Peace having lost two great Battels the one at Dungan's-Hill alias Linch's Knock under General Preston the other at Knock na Noss under my Lord Taaf albeit this Nobleman had never been either of Owen O Neal's Party or the Nuncio's and then had fought against the Parliament considering also they had lost in both those Battels eight Thousand men at least kill'd down right besides Prisoners and looking on these great losses of their side as heavy judgments of Heaven to punish the late unparallel'd breach of Publick Faith begun to be as weary of the Nuncio as my Lord of Inchiquin was of the Parliament Wherefore they concluded to contrive the Marquess of Ormond's return and when he was come to declare for the King To this end Agents are sent from the Confederates to France viz. the Marquess of Antrim the Lord Viscount Muskry and Jeffrey Brown Esq Upon their offers the Queen and Prince of Wales dispatch'd my Lord Lieutenant to Ireland Accordingly he shipt at Haver-de-Grace in a States Man of War and Landed at Cork my self and many others attending him My Lord of Inchiquin was then with the Army in the Field but soon came to him I went before to Kilkenny Where without delay but not before his Excellency also was come thither a new Treaty was set on Foot between him and the Irish an Assembly of them sitting at that time in the Town After many disputes and reasonings which is not my business to relate a Peace was concluded called since the Peace of Forty eight What Agreement there was between my Lord Lieutenant and my Lord of Inchiquin I know not But am sure that my Lord of Inchiquin demanded of my Lord Lieutenant all Mounster for the recruiting and strengthening his Army and had it By which the Irish standing Regiments of that Province came to little or nothing But to introduce my own Story I am to tell you That in the Peace of Forty six there was an Article by which it was left to the Confederate Catholicks to name certain persons for General Officers to whom my Lord Lieutenant was to give Commissions Now I having served them long as has been seen by the Story and the same Article being confirmed in this Peace they named me as they had done in the former to be General of the Horse of the Kingdom of Ireland Which his Excellency approved and accordingly gave me a Commission and soon after sent me into the Queens County with five Thousand Foot a Thousand Horse and some Cannon to reduce the Fort of Lease otherwise called Mary-Borough Athy and other Garisons possest by O Neals people These Troops for the most part were Commanded by Sir Tho. Armstrong Colonel Treswel and other English Officers men that had always followed my Lord Lieutenants fortune and had been recruited and reinforced out of their Winter-Quarters as Kilkenny and some Counties about With them having well executed my Order without any considerable resistance I Marched to Laughlin-Bridge and Encamped giving an account to his Excellency what had pass'd and that I would there expect his farther Orders But 't was not many days before my Lord Lieutenant the Lord of Inchiquin Lieutenant General of the Army the Lord Taaf Master of the Ordnance Mr. Daniel O Neal Governour of his Excellencies Guards of Horse with other Generals and the whole Army of my Lord Inchiquin and some Irish Regiments joyned us So with a goodly Train of Artillery we passed the River Barrow and that night Encamped in the County of Catherloe Where something pass'd in point of Command that gave me ground to judge my self wronged Besides I was harassed by my Marches and Labours in the Queens County In consideration of which his Excellency at my request gave me leave to retire for the refreshing my self and his Excellency Marched on and invested Dublin But being returned to Kilkenny I found the City in an uprore The occasion and issue of it take as followeth One Father Caron
Errata PAge 33. l. 24. Charge that defeated read Charge defeated p 35. l. 16. understood r I understood p. 62. l. 16. use r. used p. 64. l. 10. places r. place p. 97. l. 21. after that r after that p. 99. l 9. remembred r. remember p. 100. l. 3. forceâ—s r. forces p. 106. l. 10. note r. a note p. 124. l. 24. forceable r. foordable p. 115. l. 13. speak r. spake THE MEMOIR'S OF JAMES Lord AVDLEY Earl of CASTLEHAVEN HIS Engagement and Carriage IN The WARS OF IRELAND From the Year 1642 to the Year 1651. Written by himself LONDON Printed for Henry Brome at the Gun in St. Pauls Church-Yard 1680. TO THE KING SIR I Lay at your Majesties feet these my Memoir's and if your time may permit that you will read them they are contracted in so little a Volume the more to invite you to it I am persuaded that your Majesty will find amongst them some thing new though many years past The Stile is plain and simple otherwise it could not be mine But the Truth may make amends For I pass them on my Word not to contain a Lie or mistake to my Knowledge Your Majesties most faithful Subject and dutiful Servant Castlehaven Audley To the Reader I Being one day in S. Pauls Church-yard amongst the Stationers some Books fell into my hands lately set forth Histories of the Rebellion begun in Ireland in the year 1641. with the Wars and transactions that followed on that occasion and finding my self in many places cited acting as a confederate Catholick which in plain English is as a Rebel I thought fit to publish something setting forth my own story not to excuse the Rebellion for all the water of the Sea cannot wash it off that Nation it having been begun most bloodily on the English in that Kingdom in a time of setled peace without the least occasion given but what I write is chiefly to draw from the world some compassion my case being singular as I hope the Memoires will make out I take God to witness I never bad the least hint of the Rebellion till being one night at Supper with my Lord of Kery at his House in that County his Lordship being a Privy-Counsellor shewed me a Letter which he then received from the Justices setting forth the attempt on the Castle of Dublin and the Rebellion in the North from whence sprung that unjustifiable War in which I was unfortunately engaged But on my repentance purused by my actings to bring on the first Cessations and the Peace of 46. I had many testimonies from the late King of Blessed memory and his Lieutenant the now Duke of Ormond that my faults were forgiven me Since I have always purused my duty in faithfully serving the King and after his death his Majesty that now reigns for which though most unworthy I have received many marks of his favours and since his happy Restoration for my better security hath given me his gracious Pardon by virtue of which I have sate in the Parliament of Ireland as being a Peer of that Kingdom Now to gratifie the Reader for the trouble given by these Memoires and to induce him to a favourable construction I shall God willing e're long by the help of a Friend annex to this little Book an Appendix representing in short the state of Ireland from the year of the World 1756. to the year of Christ 1652. where among other things he shall find the true original causes of the late Rebellion throughly discovered Castle-Haven Audley James Lord Audley Earl of Castlehaven HIS MEMOIR'S SECT I. The occasion and Motives of his engaging in those Wars His being in Ireland in his way to France when the Rebellion brake out His Service proffer'd to the Lords Justices but rejected His retirement to his Country-house Indictment of Treason and Commitment to Sheriff Woodcocks at Dublin Sir John Read put to the Torture of the Rack The memory of the Earl of Strafford's Death The Kings answer at York to Colonel Mervin Tuchet His escape out of Dublin and flight to Kilkenny The Model of Government and Oath of Association WHat induced me to write these Memoires is to answer a wonder that reasonably may be made how I being a Peer of England and an English-man both by Birth and Descent on all sides should engage my self amongst the Irish in their Wars not speaking a word of their Language and having little in their Kingdom I say then that I never designed it but fell into those Troubles by chance and much against my will The Story thus I was newly come from my Travels abroad where my Genius leading me to see whatever was to be seen in Armies I went of purpose to the Siege of Turain in Italy After my return I attended the King at Berwick till the first Pacification with the Scots And then hearing that the Prince Cardinal Governor of the Spanish Netherlands was preparing to March towards the relief of Arras besieged at that time by the French I pass'd over again to Flanders and Artois and saw an end of that expedition and Arras yielded to the Besiegers In short my Inclinations were to War and so intended to make it my Trade by putting my self into the Service of some Foreign Prince To this effect having settled my Affairs in England I made as I thought a step into Ireland to do the like there But it proved a longer stay The occasion take out of the ensuing Letter to me from my Brother Colonel Mervin Tuchet HEaring your Lordship is writing a Narrative of your concerns in Ireland during the late War how you came to be engaged I having been at that time with you may possibly mind you of some Passages more in my knowledge than yours When the Rebellion broke forth in the North you were in Mounster and on the News you immediately repaired to Dublin to the Lords Justices Sir William Parsons and Sir John Burlace where you acquainted them with your willingness to serve the King against the Rebels as your Ancestors had formerly done in Ireland on like occasions To which they replyed your Religion was an Obstacle There being then a Parliament in that Kingdom sitting you were resolved to see the Event sending me to your House at Madingstown in the County of Kildare to secure and defend it in case there were any Rising in those parts Vpon my coming I found many poor English stript whom I took into the House and relieved defending them in the best manner I could Some time after the Parliament being dissolved you desired of the Justices a Pass to go for England But they refusing you acquainted them that your Estate there was not in a condition to maintain you in Dublin and desired that you might be supplied with some mony for your subsistance until such time that you could apply your self to the Parliament in England for a Pass to bring you over which they denied You prest them then to
very many Civilities At my return being five or six days after I found the place yielded and the Garison Marching out After which being Encamped at Tallow Intelligence was brought that Colonel Mac William Ridgeway was gone from Cork into the County of Limbrick with a great Party of Horse and some Foot I Marched immediately with all my Horse and fifteen hundred Foot straight for Cork Coming near I left the Foot to make good my Retreat About an hour in the night I arrived near the Gates and put my self on the way to Malloe by which Mac William was to return and gently Marching met some of the Enemy They being charged made no resistance but the night being extremely dark scattered So little execution could be done upon them though some were killed and others taken In this blind Scuffel Captain James Brown Brother to Sir Valentine Brown a brave Gentleman was slain By the Prisoners we found that their Commander Mac William Ridgeway had been killed that day shot out of a Castle in Roches Country Which way they had taken to return with the Body we could not find We marched a little forwards but it being so dark that nothing could be done I return'd with my Party to Tallow and March'd the Army towards Youghal All Castles on the way submitted on easie Terms I will only take notice of one because of the accident though I have forgotten the name of the place I remember it was a Castle that yielded early in the morning without resistance Now presently after the yielding of it the Weather being very fair I went a Hunting leaving Colonel Henesey to see the Quarter made good which was to March with their Arms bag and baggage But the Soldiers having been used to taking of places by strong hand and so enriching themselves by Plunder would have done the like by this though it had Conditions To prevent any such matter the Colonel and several Officers went into the Castle joyning with the Garison in its defence But the Foot nevertheless fell on and great shooting there was on all sides Which I hearing returned in hast thinking my Lord of Inchiquin had attempted something The Soldiers seeing me come sooner than they expected ran all into the Woods adjoyning When I came to the Castle and Colonel Henesey had related the matter I made the Garison March out according to their Conditions Then I began to enquire after my Mutineers causing the Trumpets to sound and Drums to beat for drawing all to their Arms. Some time it was before these Gentlemen could be gotten together Being now in order of a Battel both Horse and Foot I went from Battallion to Battallion telling them their Fault and what the consequence might have been and concluded that they all merited Death Which they acknowledging I added that some Justice must be done and asked them whether they were contented for examples sake to deliver two out of each Battallion as it should fall amongst them by Lots They agreed But when they came to be Shot I thought the number too great and made them throw again for two only which Suffered Being come before Youghal I Encamped loosly thinking to distress the place and towards the Sea near Crokers works I sent Major General Butler with fifteen hundred men and some small pieces to hinder Succour that might come by Sea Whilst this was doing I in a night with a Party and two peices of Cannon past the Black Water at Temple Michael and before day had my two Guns planted at the Ferry point over against Youghal and within less than Musquet-shot of two Parliament Frigats At the second shot one blew up But the Town endeavouring to requite my Kindness in a morning fell on Major General Butler and took one of his Guns Soon after this came a Fleet of Boats and bigger Vessels sent by my Lord of Inchiqnin from Cork with supplies of Men and Provision and succosred the Town On which I March'd off and Trisâ—led out the remain of the Campagne in destroying the Harvest Only a Party of my men attempted to plunder the Great Island near Barries Court But being ill guided in Passing and the Sea Coming in sooner than they counted their design failed Besides there were of the Enemy that opposed their coming on the firm Land Captain Turlough Obryan was killed by a loose shot out of a Castle in the Island Now it being the latter end of November the Snow falling I retired to Capper-Quin And Commissioners being come to lay out Winter Quarters for the Army I left it and repaired to Kilkenny Thus ended my Mounster expedition and the last that I served under the Confederate Catholicks Whose Kindness and Confidence in me I shall never forget but acknowledge it where ever I am SECT VI. The Peace of 46. Proclaimed Lord Lieutenant comes to Kilkenny That Peace opposed at Waterford Limmerick c. Lord Castlehaven sent to the Nuncio but in vain He advises the Lord Lieutenant to March back to Dublin with all speed waits on his Excellency all along and carries the Sword before him through that City The Nuncio Marckes with two Armies to Besiege it but comes short of his expectation Lord Lieutenant Treats and concludes with the Parliament Commissioners Castlehaven goes for France Lord Lieutenant's admirable steddiness and most loyal constancy He departs for England thence a little after to Paris Glamorgan's Peace discover'd but not allowed by Him The breach of the 46 Peace how fatal SInce the Cessation there was always a Treaty of Peace held on with the Marquess of Ormond Lord Lieutenant and after many Obstructions at length concluded since called the Peace of 46. Which being Proclaimed both at Dublin and Kilkenny his Excellency came to this Town accompanied with many Noble men and others with twelve hundred Foot and two hundred Horse The Supream Council received him with all due respect and surrendred their Government to him But this Sun-shine lasted not long The News was brought that those of Limbrick had rejected the Peace declaring for the Popes Nuncio and had stoned the King at Arms going to Proclaim it Clonmel shut their Gates on the same Score General Owen Roe O Neal being proud by a late Victory he had gained over the Scots in Vlster declared also for the Popes Nuncio Preston General of Leinster being at Birrh in the Kings County lookt very cloudily yet had Correspondence with my Lord Lieutenant but withal excusing his atendance on pretence of some Indisposition The Popes Nuncio Joannes Baptista Rinuccini Archbishop and Prince of Fermo being at Waterford in the head of a great Congregation of Archbishops Bishops and other Clergy men Secular and Regular and having by his Excommunications thus broken us the Lord Lieutenant by the advice of the Commissioners of Trust sent me to trie if I could persuade him to let the Peace go on But all I could do was in vain he declaring his Resolution to oppose it to the utmost For
went to my Lord Lieutenant in the County of Clare Where I rendred him an account how I had been failed to the end he might do as he thought fit SECT IX Made Commander in Chief of Mounster and Limbrick receiving him Ireton raises his Siege that night Transports 2000 men by Boats into Kerry Persuades Clanrickard to accept of the Government Sends Orders to the several Provinces which are not obeyed Passes with 1000 Horse through Limbrick to the Silver Mines and how this design failed Hinders the General Assembly from Agreeing with the Parliament Relieves Tecrochan and Fox hang'd Ireton sitting down again before Limmerick he defends the Pass at Killaloe Sent for to Galway hinders the agreement with the Duke of Lorrain Return'd to Killaloe receives Letters from Ireton and answers them but is betray'd at Bryan's Bridge by Captain Kelly and at Killaloe by Colonel Fennel Athlone given up and Galway besieged he is sent from Clanrickard to the King The Kings Answer and Orders to Clanrickard On which Castlehaven takes Service under the Prince of Conde Reflections I Had not been long there attending his Excellency before Ireton sate down before Limbrick on the County of Limbrick side leaving Tomond's side open His Excellency repaired thither and being come near the end of the Bridge sent to the Mayor to let him know that he was there with some Troops and ready to enter with them for the defence of the place The Mayor having consulted his Brethren made excuse as if they had no need of relief Several Messages pass to and fro till at length his Excellency losing all patience declared unto them that if they would not receive and obey him he would leave the Kingdom All would not do And so turning aside he called me to him and told me that he was in good earnest and would be gone but Commanded me to stay and keep up a Bussel as long as I could it being the Kings Service I was very unwilling to remain behind seeing he took with him my Lord of Inchiquin my Lord Taaf Colonel Daniel O Neal and other his friends But the sound of the Kings Service so Charmed me that I abandon'd my own Judgment and submitted to what his Excellency should Order He then gave me a Commission to be Commander in chief of the Province of Mounster and the County of Clare having before that of Leinster Thus qualified together with my being General of the Horse of the Kingdom his Excellency gave me Possession of his Troops there standing in their Arms together with his Life-Guard to serve me as they had done him and as I counted they were in all about two Thousand Foot and a Thousand Horse His Excellency for my better encouragement assured me that he would leave a Commission for my Lord of Clanrickard to be Lord Deputy Now my Lord being gone and not suffering me to accompany him more than a Mile I went into the Town addressing to the Mayor and Aldermen I told them how I was left and ask'd them whether they were pleased with it and would obey me They took no long time to consult but submitted themselves to my pleasure On which I immediately visited their Walls and at the same time took a view of the Enemy whom I judged to be very loose and exposed if vigorously assaulted On which I resolved in the first of the night to draw my Troops into the Town and a little before day to make a sharp Sally On what Intelligence I know not but Ireton raised his Siege and marched off in the night This done I returned my Troops to their Quarters and remained my self in the Town till I had sent my Orders to all Officers commanding in the several Provinces and particularly to my Lord of Muskry then in Kerry ordering him to make himself so strong as he could and that I would soon be with him to encrease his Forces Which I performed passing the Shanon about twelve miles below Limbrick with two thousand men And though the River was full of Parliament Ships and two miles over yet I had not the least loss 'T is true I took the night and landing in Kerry near Drombeg I marcht till I came to my Lord of Muskry at Tralie Having acquainted him with what had past and ordered what I would have done particularly in raising of Forces I left my men with him and returned to Iniss my Residence in the County of Clare Where being come and a little refresh'd I went to Portumne to visit the Marquess of Clanrickard and came there before Dinner He bad me very Welcome After Dinner I desired to retire my self for an hour or two He brought me to my Chamber and asked Whether it would not be troublesome that he took a Pipe of Tobacco by me I said no but the contrary yet shewed my self melancholy He did what he could to divert it but I pretended withal not to be very well and spake to a Servant of his that stood at the Door to bring me a Glass of Sack My Lord was much pleased with that and called for a Bottle Now my Point was to get him to take the Government by accepting the Commission left by my Lord Lieutenant yet I speak nothing of it hoping he would begin which he did The passages on this subject are too long to relate here But before we parted I got him to send to the Commissioners of Trust these were men named by the Confederates and agreed to by my Lord of Ormond to see the performance of the Articles of Peace then sitting at Loghreah requiring them to send him his Commission for he would take upon him the Government And to lose no time I gave him the best account I could of the Forces in the Kingdom as well Friends as Foes For he during the War had been no more than a Spectator beloved and respected of all and might have so continued had not his great Loyalty drawn him to take up this Commission which was little less than to Sacrifice himself and his only to give the King time to trie his fortune with Cromwell their Armies being near Sterling in Scotland Encamped near together as the Kings Letters to us imported brought by Deane King an Express newly come We agreed at this meeting that his Lordship should immediately raise a thousand Horse as an addition to the Standing Forces of Conaught and that I should march with my thousand Horse out of the County of Clare to the Silver Mines in the County of Tipperary passing through Limbrick in the night and be at such a day and hour at the Rendevous and there I should meet fifteen hundred Foot that he would send with a good Officer His Part was little more than crossing the Shanon at his door and marching four or five miles no Enemy in those Parts I complied punctually with my Order and the Mayor of Limbrick as I marched through the City on demand gave me a hundred Foot The Alarm of
Lord of Ormond I delivered my Letters of Credit and in a day or two had my Audience They seemed to take it to heart and Consulted Cardinal Mazerine and the chief Ministers But the truth of it is that the King of France's Affairs were at that time so much in disorder by reason of the Civil War that nothing could be done Having this Answer the King gave me a Letter to my Lord Deputy acknowledging his good Service ordering him that he should make the best conditions for himself and Party that he could and expect a better season Having thus discharged my Commission I dismiss'd my Frigate and with the Kings permission engaged my self in the Service of the Prince of Conde who was then joyned with the Spaniard But first I sent by a safe hand his Majesties Letter away to my good Lord of Clanrickard Of whom I have said so much already that I need add nothing but my own esteem for his worthy Memory as a pattern of Loyalty Between my leaving him and his laying down Arms I can give no account but have heard that he was driven to great extremity SECT X. Some few Reflections more of Castlehaven on himself And the last of all is an acknowledgment of a most extraordinary favour of God to him ANd so I have done my Story And you find by these Memoir's that no man could arrive to greater Trust and Credit than I had amongst the Irish though the War till the Peace of Forty Six was almost National And then they made me what they could by naming me to remain General of the Horse of the Kingdom in the Kings Service Which was a Right left to them by that Peace It remains now that I give those few Reflections more upon my self which may let the Reader know to what next God's blessing I impute that esteem and fortune I had among the Confederate Catholicks of Ireland In my beginning I was a great Partyman But considering my self and Soldiers but young beginners I meddled with nothing that was not almost sure remembring that young Hawks must be entred on weak game Having Marshal-law it was certain Death to take from any of our Friends the worth of a Hen. But withal I had care that my Soldiers should not want If any thing happen'd of that kind I sent out a Party with a sure Officer to bring in so many Beefs and at his return to tell me where he took ' em Then I issued my Order to the Commissioners to applot on the County or Barony from whence the cattle came their value and immediately to satisfie the Owners which was always allowed out of their Contributions This I held constantly during the War An other of my Rules no less punctually observed was That if by accident any want fell out to be in the Army I kept no Table and eat no better than the Soldiers did Though otherwise I did generally keep a good Table and my Officers were welcome to me I never took the worth of a crown for my self either from Country-man Officer or Soldier but lived still upon my bare Pay Though the Council never stinted me but left me at liberty to take besides what I should think fit out of the Treasure that commonly March'd along with the Army and was disposed of by my Orders I was a good Providore and had my Magazines well furnished and seated as I was to make the War For men eat every day but Fight seldom My Soldiers I called my Children and really had a Fatherly love and care for them And they by their duty bravery and affection made me a full return I punisht severely which made my Orders to be well observ'd and rewarded bountifully according to my power If an Officer or Soldier had done a brave Action I treated the Officer some days at my Table and took all occasions by talking to improve his glory and seldom either Officer or Soldier went without advancement or other reward I made it my business always to March and Encamp so as not to be engag'd to Fight without an enemy would come on great disadvantage My Intelligence and Spies cost me very dear But I had good Whenever I Fought or had a mind to Fight coming in view of the Enemy and being in order of Battle I rode to all the Battallions and Squadrons to observe their looks And then with a cheerful countenance acquainting them them truly with what I knew of the Enemy and our Condition I told them my own opinion for Fighting and if they liked it I would go on otherwise not This I did to engage them in judgment as well as duty I made it my business to get my Troops good Winter-Quarters But during the Field I was very strict in my Musters And ever and anon being not in danger of an Enemy I made the Battallions and Squadrons March by Companies that I might know their number just For a General will be cozen'd if he brings his men to Fight on sworn Relations I suffer'd no Officer to take from a Soldier the worth of a penny I do not remember that during the time I serv'd the Consederate Catholicks they ever gave me any Instructions what I should do but left all to my self Which made their business go the better I shall now conclude these Reflections with the greatest Reflection of all which is on my infinite obligation to Almighty God who hath so protected me that to this hour neither in those Wars of Ireland or any other that I have been in since either Army or Party of Army great or small was ever beaten so by an Enemy as to lose their ground to the end of the Fight where I Commanded in Chief FINIS