to them The King is assisted by the Yorkshire Gentry The Lâ—â—doâ—â—rs affect the Parliament The King writes to the Lord Mayor Court of Aldermen they pâ—rsist the King sends out his Commissions of Array And publisheth a General Declaration inviting all his loving Subjects to assist him Promiseth 8 l. per cent and his Lands Parks and Houses for security Proclaims the Legality of his Commissions of Array The Parliament justifie their proceedings Sir Ben. Rudyard and other Members of Parliament earnest for an accommodation Mr. Hambden Mr. Pym and Isaac Penington Lord M. of London as violent for a war The Militia set on foot The â—â—â—â—iament borâ—â—w money oâ—â—he publick Faith The King 〈…〉 for 〈◊〉 peace Several fâ—â—tious rumours raised against the Kings friends The London Miniâ—ters and Citizens too violent for the Faction The King at Newark he sends to the Lord Willoughby of Parham to defill from aiding the Rebellion and returns to York The King causeth the Earl of Stamford to be proclaimed Traytor Sir John Lucas proclaimed Traytor by the Parliament and committed James Lord Strange Impeaâ—hed of High Treason by the Parliament Sir John Byron worsted by the Parliament-Forces and declared Rebel He marcheth to Worcester and takâ—s it for the King The Marquess of Hertford L. G. of the West for the King The King attempts Hull with 〈◊〉 and sâ—ts 〈◊〉 Standard at Nottingham The Earl of Lindsey General for the King The Earl of Essex Captain-G for the Parliament The Earl of Bedford G. of their Hâ—râ—e Essex departs from London in state The King in Stafford-shire and Leicestershire His Oration to the Gentry Freeholders and Inhabitants Wherein he promiseth to have a tender respect to his Subjects Choosing rather to melt downe his own plate Sell or Morgage his Land than to oppress them The King at Shrewsbury with 6000 fâ—ot 3000 hoâ—â— and â—â—ar 2000 Dragooners He marcheth 〈◊〉 oâ— Coventry The Londoners 〈…〉 Câ—l Ven governs Windsor Castle for the Parliament where Barksted commands 〈◊〉 The Parliament 〈…〉 of the Counties Fortsmouth and Southsea Castle taken for the Parliament by Sir John Merrick Goring goes to France A smart skirmiâ—h near Worcester Major Douglass kill'd Worcester Garrisoâ—'d for the Parliament by the Earl of Essex The King coins his plate into money Edge-hill fight Prince Rupert commands the right Wâ—â—g of the Horse The Lord Wilmot Commands the left â—ing The Earl of Lindsey General for the King The Earl of Essex General for the Parliament Their chief Commanders were Colonel Ramsey Sir William Balfour Sir Philip Stapleton and the Lord Fieldâ—ng Prince Rupert ovâ—rthrows Col. Ramsey Col. Essex kill'd Prince Rupert's mistake Col. Hambden comes to assist Essex Lord Wilmot worsted by Sir Wil. Balfour E. of Lindsey mortally wounded his Son the Lord Willoughby taken prisoner Sir Edmond Verney slain The Kings Standard taken and rescued by Sir John Smith whom the King therefore Knighted Both Armies divide The King retreats Earl of Essex marcheth to Warwick The Victory doubtful on either part Banbury Garrisoned by the King Solemn thanks given on both sides The Parliament reward the Earl of Essex with 5000 l. Slain on both sides neer 6000. On the Kings side the Lord Aubigney Col. Munro c. On the Parliaments the Lord St. John Lieu. Col. Ramsey Earl of Essex marcheth towards Coventry the King by Ayno to Banbury to Oxford and towards London Commissioners from the Parliament tender Propositions only to prevent the Kings intentions and to gain time for Essex to recruit a notable Skirmish at Branford where the King met with the Regiments of Col. Hollis Col. Hambden and the Lord Brooks 300 Parliamentarians slayn among whom Lieu. Col. Quarles as many taken prisoners The King at Oxford Sir William Waller takes Winchester Chichester delivered to the Parliament Marlborough to the King Lord Hopton Arms against the Earl of Stamford his Regiment put to the Sword by Prince Rupert at Cyrencester Glocester summoned Litchfield-Close Garrisoned by the K. Besieged by the Lord Brooke He is killed by a Musket-shot The Close delivered to the Parliament The Regiments of the Lord Wilmot Lord Grandison Lord Digby Sir William Penniman Col. Blague Col. Usher and Col. Grey take Marlborough with the Governour Col. Ramsey Tadcaster besieged by the Earl of New-Castle taken and Garrison'd by the King Lord Fairfax stormeth Leeds The Royalists defeated Belvoir-castle surprized for the King Col. Massey active in Glocester-shire Salisbury plundered by the Faction Yarum fight Sir Gilb. Gerrard puts Hambden to flight Queen landing at Burlington-Key is in imminent danger But escaping is conducted to York and from thence to the King at Edge-Hill Reading besieged by the Earl of Essex The Governour Sir Arthur Aston wounded Col. Fielding yields the Town to the Parliament Marq. of Newcastle defeated at Wakefield by Sir Thomas Fairfax Monmouth and Hereford taken by Sir Wil. Waller for the Parliament Ferdinando Lord Fairfax and his son Tho. Fairfax with others proclaimed Traytors by the Earl of Cumberland and the Earl of Newcastle The two aforesaid Earlâ— proclaimed Traytors by the Parliamâ—nt The King mâ—re prosperous in the West Liskard fight January 19. Sir Ralph Hopton chief Commander for the King at Liskard He orders publike Prayers at the head of each Squadron The Royalists get the day and come to Liskard Salt Ash assaulted by Hopton Litchfield besieged aâ—d â—ummonâ—d iâ— the Eaâ—l of Northampton March 19. Tâ—e 〈…〉 by Brereton and Gell Hopton-Heath Fight Tâ—e Earl of Northampton state â—itchfield 〈◊〉 to Prince Rupert Grantham taken for the K. by Colonel Cavendish Marlborough for the Parliament Prince â—upert at Brimingham A slight skirmish The Earl of Denbigh slain Scarborough delivered by Capt. Brown Bushel for which he was beheaded Fairfax dâ—feated at Bramham-Moor The Parliaments Cause endangered the Scots invited to their assistance Queen proclaimed Traytoâ— Cheapside-Cross and other Crosses demolished The Regalia seized at Westminster by Mr. H. Martin Covâ—nant taken by the Parliament the Londoners and all within the Parliaments command Essex advanceth from Reading to Tame Prince Rupert falls upon their quarters Chalgrave fight Hambden mortally wounded Id. Littleton â—lies with the Great Seal to Oxford a new one voted Sir R. Hopton marcheth into Devon-shire against the E. oâ— Samford and Ma. Gâ—â— Chudleigh Stratton fight The Kings party worsted Ma. G. Chudleigh taken by Sir John Berkley and the fortune of the day restored Hopton then created Baron Hopton of Stratton Col. Thomas Essex and Col. Nat. Fiennes Governours of Bristol Yeomans and Bourcher executed Earl of Northampton defeats Coloâ—â—l John Fiennes Wardour Castle taken for thâ— Parliament and a whâ—le after retaken by Sir Francis Dorrington Sir William Waller Garrisons Taunton and Bridg-Water for the Parliament Hopton joyns with Prince Maurice aâ—d Marq. of Hartford Landsdown fight Sir Bevil Greenvil and Sir Nicholas Slanning advance towards Sir William Waller Thâ—y are disordered Maâ—or Lowre and Sir Bevil Greenvil slain Lord Hopton hurt Divers others slain Lord Hopton
facilitate and end the War in its begining which the King passionately desired But considering that it was dangerous venturing to be inclosed between the Army and the City with their entire forces he resolved to face about and fight the Earl of Essex first who having garrisoned several places and lessened his numerous Army was advancing after him Portsmouth was now taken by Sir Iohn Merrick having first surprized South-sea Castle and held it for the Parliament Colonel Goring being forced to yeild it the Town being commanded by that Castle before the Marquess of Hertford could come to the relief of it being then besieged in Sherburn by the Earl of Bedford Goring according to agreement passing for the present over into France The Earl of Essex advanceth into Worcestershire while the Kings Army staid still at Shrewsbury expecting forces out of South-Wales to prevent the conjunction of whom Essex sent a party of Horse under the command of Colonel Sands and Colonel Feinnes betwixt whom and Prince Rupert and the Lord Byron happened a smart encounter in the lanes neer Worcester City where at first the Parliament-Army had the better but Prince Rupert falling in the Rear forced them to leave their design Colonâ—l Sands was mortally wounded his Major Douglass was killed with the loss of threescore men nevertheless Essex hastily advancing the Royallists quitted Worcester which thereupon was Garrisoned for the Parliament While the Earl of Essex staid here about settling the Militia the King passed directly away from Shrewsbury where he had coyned money out of the Plate freely brought him by the Gentry towards London having got the start of Essex who thereupon doubled his haste after him The King therefore resolved to fight him and staid at Keynton whither next morning came the Essexians On Sunday Octob. 23. the King in Battalia descended from Edge-hill whence with a Prospective-glass he viewed the Parliaments Army and being asked what his Majesty thought of them he answered I never saw the Rebels before in a body I am resolved to fight them God and good men assist my righteous cause The King had the advantage both of the ground and Wind his Army drawn up in very good order his main Battel of Foot winged on both sides with a number of brave Horse but those on the right where Prince Rupert commanded were the most choice and couragious The other Wing was led by the Lord Wilmot Lieutenant-General of the Horse the Battel by the Earl of Lindsey General of the field on foot in the head of them with a half-Pike in his hand In the whole Army were very many expert and valiant Commanders all the distrust was in the Welch Infantry who at first beginning were somwhat skittish In this posture the King marched into the Vale adjoyning called The Vale of Red-Horse a name sutable to the colour that was that day bestowed on it which Essex having notice of he presently drew his Army out of Keynton Town where he quartered that night and put it into this order He himself as the other General on foot at the head of his Infantry which made up one entire body opposed himself to the Kings on the left Wing stood Col. Ramsey a Scotch man with five Regiments of Horse on the other Sir William Balfour and Sir Philip Stapleton who commanded the Generals Life-guard of Horse that fought stoutly and behind them as a Reserve was placed the Lord Fielding with his Regiment of Horse Both Armies thus facing one another the fight began with the exchange of Artillery which doing no great execution on either side Prince Rupert fell with fury upon Col. Ramsey and utterly overthrew him so that that whole Wing fled with speed towards Keynton The Foot placed neer to that Wing seeing the rout and slaughter threw down their Arms and fled also of which Colonel Essex's Brigade was the greatest part The Colonel being thus forsaken put himself into the battel and was of great service afterwards that day till he was shot in the Thigh with a Bullet of which he soon after dyed Prince Rupert following the chase to Keynton-Town fell there on the Waggons Essex had left behind him and returned not to the Field which else had been totally the Kings until Colonel Hambdens Regiment and some other Forces which were coming to joyn with Essex forced him with their Canon out of the Lanes wherein he continued his pursuit The Earl of Carnarvan seconding the same mistake through heat of Courage On the other Wing Sir William Balfour had put my Lord Wilmot to it and had beat him from his ground so that the Kings Foot on that side were left naked and both Front and Flank attaqued by Foot and Horse The main Battel was here joyned Balfour breaking in pieces two Regiments of the Kings had opened the way to the Standard Here the Earl of Lindsey was mortally wounded performing the part of 2 valiant man as well as an expert General and his Son the Lord Willoughby coming in to his rescue taken prisoner Sir Edmond Varney the Standard-bearer was slain under it But another brisk charge being made upon Balfour and fresh supplies coming into that part so distressed the Standard taken by Essex and in the hands of one Chambers his Secretary was rescued by Sir Iohn Smith whom the King after the battel Knighted and made him a Banneret for his noble service and the Parliamentarians were repelled again It was neer evening and both Armies stood at a gaze Horse being drawn as in the beginning of the fight on both sides of the Foot neither of them attempting any more on either part the Royalists knew that Essex had received an addition as aforesaid under Hambden and so were stronger in Foot the Essexians likewise knew that Prince Ruperts Horse which were the best were as good as fresh and untouched and they had tasted of their Gallantry In this consultation they stood till night when the King retreated to the place from whence he descended the side of Edge-Hill where with the Prince in his Coach he passed that night his Army keeping great Fires and in the morning marched his Foot away while the Horse stood in Battalia towards Ayno The Earl of Essex lodged that night on the place where the fight was and then not without fear and discouragement marched to Warwick leaving the King to pursue his way for London which was the thing by this fight he attempted to hinder The Victory is questioned by either part the King was denyed it because he left the field and the dead to the disposal of the enemy and marched away That was answered that it was agreeable to the Kings designe which was no more than to make his way free for London aforesaid and expedition was requisite It is denyed also to the Parliament for that they lost somewhat more men and more Standards and received a confess'd defeat in one part of
their expert General to boyl and beat their Bed-cords to make Match of it But long they were not surrounded in that untenable place before Prince Maurice the Earl of Carnarvan the Lord Wilmot and Lord Biron with 1500 choyce Horse came to their rescue and presented themselves on the 13 of the same Month by break of day to the Enemies Leaguer and having given a signe to their Friends within fell with much valour on their Enemies and routed them on Round-way-down Which Onset being seconded from the Foot within proved a total rout to the Enemy whose Curassiers under Sir Arthur Hazlerig made some resistance but being once broken became the ruine of the Infantry who presently submitted and had quarter given them Here were slayn 800 besides what fell in the pursuit which was continued ten miles an end with great Fury but then their tired Horses began to lag And so Sir William and Sir Arthur came first to Bristol thence to Farnham and from thence with expedition to London There were taken two Thousand Prisoners four Brass Guns with their Ammunition and Baggage eight and twenty Colours and nine Corners Upon this fortunate day the Queen with the King from Edge-Hill made her joyful Entry into Oxford and not long after the Earl of Lindsey who was taken Prisoner when his Father was killed at Edge-Hill was welcomed to the Court there from his restraint This loss soon reduced Bristol into the Kings hands being delivered by Colonel Fiennes after three days siege to Prince Rupert for which surrender he had like to have lost his head These successes drew the King into the West where Dorchester Portland Weymouth and Melcomb submitted themselves Bidiford Appleford and Barnstable surrendred and after a little dispute before Exeter and some Granadoes thrown in and firing part of the Suburbs the great Sconce being taken in storm that City was delivered to Prince Maurice and Sir Iohn Berkly made Governour We must retrospect a little lest the hurrying of the War carry us from other remarkables The Marquess of New-Castle a little before Fryday Iune 30 obtained a victory over the Lord Fairfax at Adderton-Heath where he routed the Parliamentarians gained their five pieces of Cannon and so amazed them that they fled to Leeds which way was precluded and obstructed then to Bradford in their flight whither he took and killed two thousand while Fairfax hardly escaped to Leeds with the Convoy of one Troop of Horse The next day the said Earl came before Bradford which after the Battering of forty great Shot he took with two thousand more of the same party the next morning with all their Arms and Ammunition Hereupon Hallifax was quitted by the Parliamentarians and Sir Hugh Cholmley took Beverley The Lady Aubigney Wife to that Noble Lord who dyed of his wounds at Edge-Hill had brought to London according to the intelligence and desires of some Citizens of London from the King a Commission of Array the designe whereof was that they should seize into their custody the Kings Children some Members of Parliament the Lord Mayor and Committee of the Militia all the City Outworks and Forts the Tower of London and all the Magazines Then to let in the Kings Army to surprize the City to destroy all opposers and this grounded upon refusal of paying of Taxes imposed without Authority The Plot however came to be discovered and great noise was made about it The principal men were Mr. Edward Waller a Parliament-man who with much ado and great friends came off with the fine of ten thousand pounds Some Lords were suspected to favour the business also Mr. Tompkins Clerk of the Queens Council Mr. Chaloner a Linen-Draper Mr. Hasel Mr. Blinkborn Mr. White and others These were all Arraigned before a Council of War at Guild-Hall where four of the last were sentenced to be hanged and two of them suffered accordingly leaving sad and mournful Widows behind them for their Loyalty and affection to their Soveraign The Parliament now set a Fine of twenty thousand pounds upon Judge Berkley who had been a long time Prisoner for encouraging the designe of Ship-money he is likewise voted incapable of any Office or Dignity in the Commonwealth and to remain in Prison during pleasure By the King it was concluded to set upon Glocester being the only considerable place that held out for the Parliament in the West and lay very inconvenient hindering the intercourse betwixt Wales and the West-Countries In order whereunto his Majesty on the tenth of August came from Oxford in Person before it with a Royal Army while it was hardly imaginable where the Parliament could raise another Army and that done to march for London which proved a Fatal mistake to the King for if he had gone directly for London there was no opposition in readiness against him nor any place to stay him The King being resolved to gain Glocester after Prince Rupert had summoned it at a distance having close begirt it and being displeased that such a forlorn City should stand out against him yet desirous to gain it without blood and loss of time which seemed then precious in his Career of victory sent in this honourable Summons by two Heraulds CHARLES REX OVt of Our tender compassion to Our City of Glocester and that it may not receive any prejudice by Our Army which We cannot prevent if We be compelled to assault it We are therefore personally come before it to require the same and are graciously pleased to let all the Inhabitants of and all other persons within that City as well Souldiers as others know that if they shall immediately submit themselves and deliver this City to Vs We are contented freely and absolutely to pardon every one of them without exception and do assure them on the Word of a King that they nor any of them shall receive the least damage or prejudice by Our Army in their persons and estates but that We will appoint such a Governour and a moderate Garrison to reside there as shall be both for the ease and security of that City and the whole Country But if they shall neglect this offer of Grace and Favour and compel Vs by the power of Our Army to reduce that place which by the help of God We shall easily and shortly be able to do they must thank themselves for all the calamities and miseries which shall befall them To this Message We expect a clear and positive answer within two hours after the publishing hereof and by these presents do give leave to any persons safely to repair to and return from Vs whom that City shall desire to employ unto Vs in that business And We do require all the Officers and Souldiers of Our Army quietly to suffer them to pass accordingly To this Summons an Answer was returned in Writing delivered by Major Pudsey and a Citizen in these Words WE the Inhabitants
joyned who came just in the close of the fight and killed some of Masseys men who followed the pursuit but he himself with his â—ooty and Prisoners got safe to Glocester where he very honourably interred the body of the aforesaid Colonel Myn. Some attempts designs and skirmishes about passes upon the Severn whereabout Prince Rupert was quartered after his deâ—eat at Marston moor hapned every day such being the fortune of war that the Prince who had bid battel but the other day to thirty thousand men now pidled and trifled with a Brigade or two to seek the advantage of a private and commodious march being dogged but with a Squadron or two of Horse at Aâ—t Ferry where betwixt some of his forces and Colonel Massey a bâ—â—kâ—ring fell out wherein Massey prevailed but to no great loss or concernment While Colonel Massey was thus every day upon parties marching up and down one Kirle who for a while before had intelligence with him about the delivery of Monmouth being Lieutenant-Colonel to Holtby the Governour took the advantage of his approach to effect it for Massey having shewed himself thereabouts gave out that the enemy being plundering about Bristol he was constrained to depart whereupon Kirle is sent out with a Troop of Horse to pursue his rear him and his party Massey takes secures his men all but a Coronet who gave the Allarm to Monmouth where Kirle suddenly coming with a hundred Horse of Masseys commands the Gates to be opened to let him in speedily as he said with his Prisoners which after some dispute being done and the Draw-bridge let down he entred and presently declared hinâ—â—â—â— Mastering the Guards and making good the bridge till a body of Horse and Foot close behind came on and entred the Town The Governour escaped over the dry Graft leaving this place the key of South Wales thus in the enemies hands but it was regained from them soon after by as good Conduct as it was lost by base Treachery Several other encounters and velitations there were in those parts wherein Massey's activity and vigilance manifested it self but because they were of no great moment it will be to as little purpose to relate them Come we now to that which is most material and remarkable Hitherto the King seemed to have fortune equal if not favourable and inclinable to him saving in that unfortunate business of Marston-Moor Now the Cause came to be disputed The King in his march out of the West sent part of his Army on several services his reduced enemy still marching before him towards London as far as Basing where they had Arms put again into their hands and râ—câ—â—iâ—s from all parts thereabouts sent them Neer that House they gathered into one body but attempted not the place Here joyned the Earls of Essex Manchester and Sir William Waller with some trayned Regiments of London The King came to Kingsclear Essex to Aldermarston and thence privately over the water to Padworth and so to Bucklebury-Heath and thence to Newberry where the King was On Sunday-morning about a thousand of the Earl of Manchesters forces and London Trained bands came down the hill very early and undiscerned passed over the Kennet and advanced upon some few of the Kings Foot and over-powred them till they were seconded by Sir Bernard Astley who drove the enemy back again over the River and the Reserves that were passed to assist them altogether in the same rout Essex his design was to surround the King toward Sprâ— to which purpose about three a clock in the afternoon four thousand of their Horse and Dragoons and a stand of five hundred Pikes and some Cannon appeared on the West-side of Newberry beyond the King where the Cornish Foot and the Duke of Yorks Regiment commanded by Sir William St. Leger with five field-Pieces and a Brigade of Prince Maurice's Horse charged home but were repulsed and so over-powered with number that they were forced to forsake their ground and their five Field-pieces which the enemy seized and maintained Essex's Horse also were too hard for the Kings whom they discomfited and then with a part of them and some Musqueteers fell upon the Kings Life-guards and Sir Humphry Bennets Brigade they also over-powered Major Leg who was sent with a party of Horse to their reserve and made Colonel Bennet to bear off in some disorder but being seconded by the Lord Bernard Stuart who fell upon the enemies Flanks they routed them killing in the conflict a Captain and several private Souldiers On the Kings side Captain Cathlin was slain and Captain Walgrave wounded On the East-side of Newberry the Parliaments forces were not less successful against whom General Goring and the old Earl of Cleaveland opposed themselves with the said Earls brigade which consisted of the Regiments of Colonel Thornhill Colonel Hamilton Colonel Culpepper and Colonel Stuart In this dispute the Kings forces had the better killing Major Hurry Colonel Hurry's Kinsman but fresh supplies coming in the Earl was forced to recede and was at last taken Prisoner and the Kings person very neer the same condition Let us cast a view now into the bloodiest parts of the field on the North-East of Newbery where Manchester and the London Trained bands â—ought against the Lord Ashley and Sir George Lisle who had secured one Mr. Dolmans house as a place of some advantage having Colonel Thelwel for his Reserve Manchesters Horse and Foot descending the Hill with the aforesaid Trained bands advanced hastily upon those Foot of Sir Georges and worsted them but Sir Iohn Brown with Prince Charles his Regiment coming in time gave a stop to their fury diverting some part of their Horse to the relief of their Foot which he fell upon and so retreated when the Reserve under Thelwel made good his beginnings and Colonel Lisle animating his own Regiment by his example by pulling off his doublet brought them three several times to the Charge and maugre all the force and fury of the enemy could not be beaten from his ground which he quitted not before command Several times here it came to the butt-end with very great resolution on both sides which ceased not while they had any light to see what they did In the Covert of night the King drew all his Artillery Ammunition and Waggons under the walls of Dennington-Castle and marched away to Wallingford though his Rear staid that night in the place till almost morning and so to Oxford This was a most fierce and bloody Battel though of short continuance but of four hours from four a clock in the afternoon till eight at night wherein the Parliamentarians strove to revenge their disgraceful defeat at Lestithiel and the Royalists to redeem their loss at Marston-Moor but it was observed that none fought so eagerly as those Souldiers who took the engagement never to bear Arms against the King at their rendition in Cornwal so
with the Parliament but Hamilton was over-trusted Much ado he had to pass the ways being so strictly guarded while the Scotch Army was in England At his arrival in the Highlands being supplyed with 1100 men from the Marquess of Antrim out of Ireland and another addition under the Lord Kilpont and the Earl of Perths Son he marched to find out the Army of Covenanters then gathered under the command of Tullybarn the Lord Elch and Drummond consisting of a great Force into Perth-shire where at Tepper-Moor he obtained a great Victory his Souldiers for want of Arms and Ammunition making use of the Stones lying advantagiously on the Fighting-ground Here he killed no less then 2000 men whereupon Perth-City opened its Gates to the Conquerour To withstand and repress so dangerous an Enemy within the Bowels of the Kingdom another Army was raised and put under more Experienced Captains In the mean while Montross had fallen into Argyles Country where he made miserable havock intending utterly to break the Spirits of that people who were so surely Engaged to Arguiles side Here the Earl of Seaforth followed him with an Army and the Marquess of Argyle had another of the other side Montross therefore resolved to fight with one first and so fell upon that party under Argyle which he totally routed killed 1500 on the place the rest escaped and so the Marquess of Montross bent his way after the other Army which he defeated at Brechin being newly put under the command of Colonel Hurry afterwards offers Battel to Bayly who had another Army ready to fight him but he waited for advantages whereupon he marches after Hurry who had recruited and was pressing upon the Lord Gourdon having taken Dundee in his way and at Alderne discomfits him killing 1800 and dispersing the rest He seeks out Bayly to whom was joyned the Earl of Lindsey and at Alesford-hills forced them to fight utterly routed them and obtained a remarkable Victory But that which lessened the Triumph was the death of the Lord Gourdon one that was as the right hand of Montross A very Loyal Right Noble Gentleman being Eldest Son to the Marquess of Huntley After this he comes to St. Iohnstons where he alarm'd the Parliament there sitting and so into the Lowlands where the Kirk had another Army in readiness under the command of the aforesaid Bayly At a place called Kilsith both Armies met and a cruel Battel it was but in conclusion Success and Victory Crowned Montross's Head and almost 6000 of his Enemies were slain in this fight the pursuit being eagerly followed for a great way the Covenanters at first fighting very resolutely but the fortune of Montross still Prevailed The Nobility now every where readily assisted him and the Towns and Cities declared for him so that the Kingdom which afforded men and assistance for the Invasion of another Kingdom was not now able to defend it self the Governour so was Montross dignified being seized of all places almost of strength even as far as Edinburgh where some Royal prisoners were delivered to him The Estates of Scotland therefore sent for David Lesley while Montross expected Forces from the King under the Lord Digby which staid too long and were afterwards defeated at Sherburn in York-shire Upon the arrival of Lesley most of the Forces under Montross not dreading any Enemie so soon out of England were departed home so that Lesley finding Montross in a very weak condition at Philips-Haugh fell upon him before he could retreat almost before his Scouts could give him intelligence and there routs him He at first resolved to lose his life with the field but being perswaded of better hopes he resolutely charged thorow and brought the flying remains of his Army safe into the High-lands where he began new Levies But the fortune of the King failing every where he was the next year ordered by the King then in the Scots custody to disband and depart the Kingdom And so we leave him till a more unhappy revolution of time In the beginning of this year Colonel Massey received a defeat at Lidbury the manner thus Prince Rupert who had for some time quartered thereabouts to make new Levies had intercepted some Scouts and by them understood the Col. had taken up his quarters there intending to fall upon Sir Iohn Winter who had been his restless adversary throughout the War in Gloucester-shire and who being called into the Army had tired his house which he had maintained as a Garison against all opposition When the Prince was within half a mile of the Town Massey took the Alarm commanded his Horse to mount and gave order for his Foot to march that the Royalists might not get before them which the Prince aimed at A furious Charge the said Horse maintained consisting principally of Officers among whom was Kirl that betrayed Monmouth at last Massey was forced to flye narrowly escaping taking Major Backhouse his great second being mortally wounded with divers others and some common Souldiers taken Prisoners the rest fled to Gloucester in haste with the Governour But that which deservedly ought to begin the year was the investiture of Sir Thomas Fairfax in the supreme Command of the Army It was the first of April when he received his Commission and on the twenty third of April he went from London to Windsor to perfect the new Model where he continued in that troublesome affair to the end of the month In the mean time Colonel Cromwel who had been commanded out of the West by the Ordinance of the Parliament against Members continuance in any Military command whose limitations of forty days was then expired came thither to salute the General and next morning was stopped there with a dispensation from his attendance on the House for forty days longer which was extended to the length For Prince Rupert and his brother Maurice had gathered a competent Army of Horse in Worcester-shire and the confines of Wales and were ordered by the King to come and fetch him off with his Infantry and Train of Artillery from Oxford To which purpose a Convoy of Horse was presently dispatched consisting of near 2000 being the Regiments of the Queen the Earl of Northampton the Lord Wilmot and Colonel Palmer while the Princes advanced in a body after them Upon advertisement thereof the Committee of both Kingdoms recommended it to the General to send Lieutenant-General Cromwel with some Horse to march beyond Oxford and lye on the way to Worcester to intercept the same Convoy With a party of Horse and Dragoons therefore then on the field neither mustered nor recruited as of the new Model Cromwel immediately marched found the enemy and engaged them neer Islip-bridge routed them took 400 Horse and 200 Prisoners and the Qeens Standard And to make up this a kind of a victory presently summoned Blechington-house within four miles of Oxford where Colonel Windebank
Sir William Brereton now commanded in chief as Major-General of those Counties who civilly courted the Lord Byron the Governour to a Surrender laying before him the impossibility of any Army of Forces that could be advanced that way for that the King was beset in all his Garrisons either by close or open Sieges which at last the Noble Lord hearkned unto and upon very honourable Conditions Surrendred it by Articles the 3 of February And thence Sir William went to besiege Litchfield-close which not long after he gayned by the same way of Treaty as will appear in its due place Several other places of lesser concernment without much parley surrendred likewise suspected of bribery or such-like practises which were finely palliated by the necessity that compelled the greater to their rendition The House now upon discharging the Wardship of the heirs male of Sir Christopher Wray a Member of the said House take an occasion to Vote down the Court of Wards and Liveries All the Kings strength in the field except that Army that was pen'd up in Cornwal was now collected under the Command of the Lord Ashley who was marching to joyn his Infantry with the Kings remains of his Cavalry about Farringdon whereabouts Colonel Rainsborough and Fleetwood kept their Post having an eye upon that design of conjunction and Colonel Morgan and Sir William Brereton pursued him in the Rear from Hereford and Worcestershire At Stow in the Would they overtook and set upon him wearied in his Quarters but his men were yet not willing to resigne their swords till after a fair dispute they were over-powred 1500 taken Prisoners with himself and all his Baggage and Ammunition This was the last battel that was fought hac vice for the King in England and which put a period to any further attempts in the field the Royalists being forced to take up in their strong Holds or submit to the Parliament and endeavour a Composition which was the main work but too hastily entred upon as their own sad experience soon informed them And just before this the 14 of March the Lord Hopton accepted of Terms for the disbanding of his Army which was in this manner After this worsting at Torrington and marching back into Cornwal General Fairfax followed him within two days to Launceston where Colonel Basset with 500 men at first made opposition but was compelled to abandon it as likewise Saltash was quitted and Mount Edgecomb offered a Treaty and not far from thence Sir Iames Smith with a strong party fell upon some of the Van of their Army with good success but having notice of Cromwels approach timely withdrew and gave them liberty to possess Bodmin while the Lord Hopton made his head-Quarters at Truro from whence the Prince embarqued and set Sail for the Island of Scilly with the Lord Culpeper and others which occasioned General Fairfax to complement the Lord Hopton to a disbanding as reckoning them by the Princes forsaking them as good as lost Among other terms offered him this to his particular self as being honour from the mouth of an enemy is requisite to be inserted Lastly for your self besides what is imployed to you in common with others you may be assured of such Meditation to the Parliament on your behalf both from my self and others as for one whom for personal worth and many vertues but especially for your care of and moderation towards the Country we honour and esteem above any other of your party whose error supposing you more swayed with principles of Honour and Conscience we most pity and whose happiness so far as is consistant with the publique welfare we should delight in more than in your least suffering In the mean while the Army advanced and neer St. Columbe beat up the Quarters of the Princes Regiment who made a gallant Charge through the enemy and broke their first divisions but fresh supplies coming they drew off in order leaving behind them Major-General Pert a gallant person mortally wounded a Prisoner but so rebated the edge of the enemies courage that they halted a while and part of the Army drew back to Bodmin more resolved for Treaty than Conquest To which place came the Lord Hopton's answer wherein he pretended his understanding of a likelyhood of agreement between the King his Master and the Parliament which he said without any other Treaty would conclude him and desired to be referred thereto but Fairfax urging this Overture to his advantage would allow of no such delays but his Terms he offered being honourable was all he could grant acquainting his Lordship that there was no such probability of Accommodation and indeed his Lordship was greatly mistaken for there was never any such intention before nor after and delays were dangerous in respect of assistance both from the French and Irish which had been promised to be landed for the Kings service in that County Hereupon the Army also advancing a Treaty was concluded on at Tresilian-bridge and a Cessation agreed to and the General thereupon though with much reluctancy of the Lord Hopton made Truro his Head-quarters so that now the Kings Forces had but six miles in bredth being as it were pounded up as Essex before The conclusion of the Treaty was followed by the rendition of St. Mawes Castle The number of the disbanded was nine Brigades the French consisting of three Regiments the Lord Wentworth's of four Sir Iames Smith's of three the Lord Cleveland's of four Major-General Web's of three the Lord Hopton's commanded by Colonel Bevil the Lord Goring's of five and the Princes Regiment consisting of seven hundred and Sir Richard Greenvil's Reformadoes The Conditions were That they should march away with Horse and Arms in number according to their respective qualities more or less as they should chuse to go abroad to Foreign Service or with Passes to go home each Colonel with eight or six horses six or two pair of Pistols and so other inferior Officers respectively the common Troopers to have twenty shillings a man for their Horses which upon ratifying the Agreement being noised many of the Royalists sold their horses before-hand and got spittle-Jades in their stead which upon their disbanding were turned upon their hand The Lord Hopton was allowed fourty Horse and Arms for himself and twelve men the Lord Wentworth twenty five Horse and Arms for himself and eight men These were the most material and in six days performed All the French were presently shipped for their Country by provision made by the General at Plymouth whither he went accompanied by Lieutenant-General Cromwel being welcomed by the discharge of 300 Pieces of Ordnance while the Army retreated back into Devon-shire to make an end of the Siege of Exceter where Sir Hardress Waller had continued during this Cornish Expedition and the Lords Hopton and Wentworth not deigning the Jurisdiction or indeed any favour from their fellow-subjects at Westminster
Spain and the Emperor should be Warranters for the Observance And now for the better support of the Prince of Oranges Dignity the Dutch East-India Company unanimously resolv'd to give Him and his Heirs Male after him Three in the Hundred of all that their gains upon the division And then having secur'd themselves from Munster they made an agreement with Lunenburgh to keep 14000 Men in the Service of the States they paying him such a certain Sum. About this time also the difference between the King of France and the State of Genoa were wholly Reconcil'd by the Mediation of the King of England But on the other side the King of France continues his German War so that Besancon the chief City of Franche Compte falls into his hands being rendred upon ordinary Articles after a short Siege Nor did the Ciradel hold out much longer The next Town Besiegd was Dole which not being able to withstand the Fortune of the French Arms yielded it self After which Solines and Castle St. Anne being taken made the Conquest of Franche Compte compleat About the middle of Iune was fought the Battle of Sanzeime between the Marshal Turenne and the Imperialists wherein the Imperialists being far less in Number had the worst It was fought from Nine in the Morning till Night when the Imperialists finding themselves over-powr'd retir'd in very good order leaving behind about 2000 Men. Nor was the loss of the French less considerable for they lost a great many common Soldiers but more Commanders A little before this the Dutch had taken the Island of Normantier from the French where they destroy'd a great deal of Corn but not long after quitted it upon Agreement made with the Inhabitants and the Religioâ—s Order of Cistertians in that Island to pay them 14000 Crowns in four Months and for their security taking with them the Abbot and some of the Principal Islanders After that they approach'd Bell Isle intending to have made a descent there but the Castle upon the Island was too well provided for their Entertainment In August was tought the Battle or rather Notable Skirmish call'd the Battle of Seneff between the Prince of Conde and the Confederates Imperialists Dutch and Spaniards in shoâ—t thus That the Confederates Army being upon their March toward a place call'd Binch the French tell upon the Rear and forcing them to Retreat through a narrow way which they could only pass in Files put them into great Confusion upon this the French soon became Masters of the Baggagâ— and Cannon when the Prince of Orange and after that the Germans came and engaged the Enemy so that the Fight continued till Night and then the French were forc'd to retreat to their Camp and the Prince of Orange and the Imperialists remain'd Masters of the Field The Prince of Orange was in great danger having been long Engag'd with the Enemy Several Officers of Quality were slain on both sides among the rest on the Prince of Orange's part Sir Walter Vane Major-General to the Prince having bravely behav'd himself was shot in the back and knee of which he dyed soon after and of 32 Colonels of the Dutch Army 26 were either Kill'd or Wounded the stress of the Fight lying upon them Many Common Souldiers were slain on both sides though the greatest Number was reported to be lost by the French being said to be above 3000 and many more confiderable Officers than upon the Dutch side The next Attempt of the Prince of Orange and the Confederates was upon Oudenard to which they had laid a â—ormal Siege but they were soon disturb'd by the Prince of Conde upon whose Approach and Resolution to fall upon them the Confederates drew off and marched toward Ghent In November Graves a strong Town Besieg'd by the Dutch was after a rough Siege and many Assaults retaken from the French The Garrison consisting of 1600 Foot aâ—d 400 Horse marching out upon Composition And now the Army of the Confederates and the French under Turenne lying near one another produc'd some considerable Action though their wary Commanders would not put all to the push nor was the Victory fully determin'd by the grandest of their peformances In the first place 4000 French Horse most of them the Troops of the King's Houshold Commanded by Monsieur Montauban fell upon some Munster Troops and a Regiment of Imperial Cuirassiers who guarded a certain Passage and with the suddainness of the Attack put the Imperialists into disorder but Caprara's Regiment that of the Prince of Lorain and some others coming to their Assistance they gave a stop to the Enemy till such time as other Lorain-Regiments came in the Fight was sharply maintain'd on both sides but at last the French were forc'd to retire the slaughter being great on both sides but greatest on the French and among the rest Mountauban himself was taken Prisoner The next was an Engagement between the Gross Bodies of both Armies for Turenne Advancing toward Colmar found the Confederates drawn up in Battalia readily attending his coming The Fight was bloody and tedious and many of the French Commanders were slain but more common Souldiers of the Imperialists side but Night coming on all Action ceased However the French continued in Arms all Night expecting to have renew'd the Fight next Morning but when the Imperialists perceiv'd that they retreated in great Disorder to Schlestadt and repassed the Rhine at Strasburgh Turrenne made himself Master of Colmar and sent Provisions to Brisaâ— which together with his keeping the Field were the Reasons that the French concluded themselves the Victors and sung Te Deum for their success at Paris On the other side the Imperialists took themselves to be Conquerours because their loss was no greater In Flanders there was nothing remarkable only the change of the Governour For Monterey being call'd home the Duke de Villa Hermosa was sent to succeed him Anno Dom. 1675. UPon the 13 th of April both Houses of Parliament met in pursuance of their last Prorogation They sate till above a Week in Iune following But the difference between the two Houses increasing about the business of Fag and Shirley upon which four Lawyers were Committed by the Commons to the Tower His Majesty was pleased upon the 9 th of Iune to Prorogue them again till the 13 th of October following having only signed some private Bills In May arriv'd in England the Prince of Newburgh having made some stay in London he went to Oxford where he was nobly treated by the University In the Barbadoes a Conspiracy was discover'd among the Blacks to have destroy'd the English which had been carried on with great secrecy till the very time of the Execution and was begun by the Blacks belonging to Captain Swanley who was kill'd by them But the Plot being found out several were made Exemplary In New-England the Natives under King Philip Hegamore of those parts fell upon the English and kill'd several and
Kings Forces under the Marquess of Newcastle at Wakefield and buoyed up the sinking interest of that Cause Monmouth likewise was taken by the Parliaments Forces under the command of Sir William Waller who also took Hereford and other places This in sum more particularly now Of the West where the Kings interest bore the greatest sway we have hitherto said little It will be now time to turn that way and see from what beginnings the War arose in that quarter where for the most part its principal events and concerns were placed Two Proclamations were about this time published one from the Earl of Cumberland the other from the Earl of Newcastle whereby Ferdinando Lord Fairfax Sir Thomas Fairfax Sir Matthew Bointon Sir Edward Loftus Sir Henry Forbes Sir Thomas Malleverer Sir Richard Darby Sir Christopher Wray Sir Henry Anderson Sir Iohn Savil Sir Edward Rodes Sir Hugh Cholmley Sir Thomas Rennington Sir Thomas Norcliffe and others were declared Traytors which the Parliament retaliate upon the Earls in like manner The menage of the Military matters there were on the Kings part as to the remote Counties of Cornwal and Devon shire after the Retreat of the Marquess of Hertford Lieutenant-General of the Western Association with Sir Lewis Dives out of Sherburn where they were besieged by the Earl of Bedford but in vain in Dorcester-shire was committed to four eminent persons viz. the Lord Mohun Sir Ralph Hopton Colonel Ashburnham and Sir Iohn Barkley by whose joynt Counsels and Forces levyed by their respective Friends and Interests an Army was framed to oppose the Earl of Stamford then coming down from Glocester where he first was made Governour as Lord-Lieutenant joyntly with the Lord Roberts of the same County to settle the Militia for the Parliament having a Commission therefore according to that Ordinance which service was well advanced At the approach of this enemy near Liskard it was taken into consideration to whom the alone charge and ordering of the Battel should be intrusted for four would breed distraction whereupon the business of the day was deservedly devolved upon Sir Ralph Hopton who had been an old Souldier in the Low-Countries and yet before the War had been taken for a Puritan and a Commonwealths-man against the Prerogative he was desired by them all as hitherto they had prevented any such division by an equal moderation to take it upon him After therefore he had commanded publique prayers in the head of every Squadron which was performed he drew up the Foot in the best Order he could placing a Forlorn of Musqueteers in the little enclosures and then winged them with the Horse and Dragoons he had This done two Minion small Drakes being fetched from the Lord Mohuns house were planted within random-shot of the enemy concealed by the Horse from them which were discharged with such success that the enemy quickly quitted their ground and in a rout fled on which the Royalists did sparing execution There were taken 1250 prisoners most of their Colours all their Canon Arms and Ammunition and so the Victor-Army came that night to Liskard Salt-Ash was assaulted and forced by Sir Ralph Hopton where he took ten pieces of Ordnance 700 more Prisoners 400 Arms and a Ship with 16 pieces of Ordnance Litchfield was no sooner delivered to the Parliamentarians but Spencer the valiant Earl of Northampton comes and besieges it again for the King and summons the Governour Lieutenant-Colonel Russel to deliver it to him he refuseth and in the interim Sir Wiliam Brereton and Sir Iohn Gell advance to his relief with 3000 men and upwards against these the Earl draws off a Party from the Leaguer and at Hopton-Heath on a ground full of Cony-boroughs which afforded ill footing for Horse of which the Earls Forces chiefly consisted Charges the Parliamentarians where at last he obtained a Victory with the price of his life a dear bargain for the King and his Cause of which he was a most magnanimous Assertor he was first unhors'd whether by the disadvantage of the Ground or born down by the Enemies is uncertain he refused quarter and was killed by a private unlucky hand His Forces returned afresh to the Siege where soon after they were seconded by Prince Rupert who having coasted the Country from his summons of Glocester into Wales returned back by Litchfield where he so powerfully carried on the Siege that the stout Governour was compelled to hearken to his Terms and surrender that place which continued for the King throughout the War the price it cost being well worth and requiring the safe keeping of the Jewel The rendition was the 16 day of April I would not disjoyn the story for the years sake Colonel Charles Cavendish reduced Grantham to the Kings obedience taking 350 Prisoners with Officers and Colours and then demolished the Fortifications the like fortune had the Parliamentarians in recovering Marlborough from the King which was regained by them but soon after as not tenable was slighted by all parties Anno Dom. 1643. THis year began with the smart actions as before of Prince Rupert who on the third of April entred and Mastered Brimingham Town the residence of a famed Lecturer Some Welchmen were here got together for the Parliament where they made some little defence but were soon beaten up to their Barricadoes which they forsook likewise and fled betwixt 150 killed and taken some good Ammunition but all not worth the life of that stout old Earl of Denbigh who was here killed in the Service of his Soveraign Next ensued a revolt of a notable place in the North to the King as the year before began with a notable revolt of Hull to the Parliament such another parallax was throughout the War in the Western and Northern Battels if one had the better in the West at the same time the other had it in the North. Now Scarborough was delivered to the King by the means of one Captain Brown Bushel who long afterwards paid for it with his head at Tower-hill The Lord Fairfax who commanded in chief for the Parliament in the North after several Velitations and Skirmishes betwixt him and the Earls of Newcastle and Cumberland Generals for the King who had declared this Lord and his Adherents Traytors was overthrown at Bramham-Moor and the Parliaments Cause through this and other losses in those parts greatly endangered whereupon the Scots were hastily sollicited to come into the aid of their English brethren as we shall see at large hereafter Now the Parliament flew high in their consultations at home the Grandees working upon the sober part of the Parliament that the action of the Queen in bringing over Arms Money and other provisions for the assistance of the King was a dangerous destructive business wound up the anger of the two Houses to such a pitch that she was proclaimed Traytor and at the same time down went all the Crosses
throughout England particularly the third of this moneth Cheapside-Cross was demolished And for the better carrying on of the work of Reformation Mr. Henry Martin a Member of Parliament enters violently into the Abby-Church at Westminster defaces the Ornaments of the Church and breaking open two doors makes his way to a private place where the Crowns Scepters and other Utensils of State used by Kings on their day of Coronation were but Mr. Wheeler perswaded him to be more moderate he only secured them by sealing up the Doors After this beginning of Reformation the Parliament took the Solemn League and Covenant at Westminster It was first framed in Scotland and was generally taken by them in the Year 1639. The main drift of it was against the Episcopal Dignity and was now for the mutual indearment of the two Nations assurance being promised the Parliament from Scotland pressed upon all in England where the Parliaments power was Paramount being taken throughout London the fifth of this moneth The Earl of Essex advanceth from Reading to Tame where a general sickness seized upon the Army during their quartering there about Prince Rupert fell into part of their quarters but the Essexians taking the Alarm and drawing out the business came to a Fight in Chalgrave field where Colonel Hambden that great stickler against Shipmoney was mortally wounded It was observable that in this place the said Colonel Hambden first Listed and Trained his men in the beginning of the War The Lord Keeper Littleton having departed with the Great Seal to Oxford according to the Kings Command the Parliament voted a new Great Seal to be made To cast an eye to the affairs of the West Sir Ralph Hopton after his little victory at Liskard having made sure of the County of Cornwal and established all things to the advantage of the Kings affairs there marched into Devonshire to oppose the Earl of Stamford and Major-General Chudleigh for the Parliament with whom on Tuesday May 16 a Battel happened at Stratton in that County The Kings Forces had the disadvantage both in want of Ammunition and being necessitated to March up a steâ—p Hill open to all oppositions to come to fight being in number not above 3000 the sixth part whereof was Horse and Dragoons The Enemy were above 5000 with the same quantity of Horse but supplied that defect with the strength of the Hill on which they were fortified The Royalists attempted their ascent four several ways and were as resolutely beaten down the fight continuing from five in the morning till three in the after-noon without any certainty of event or success on either party Major General Chudleigh charged stoutly against a stand of Pikes commanded by Sir Bevil Greenvile to the disordering of his Party and the overthrowing of his Person but in time came Sir Iohn Berkley and restored the fortune of the day by taking Major-General Chudleigh Prisoner Towards the end of the day the several parties met at the top of the Hill with great shouts of joy which the routed Enemy confusedly forsook and fled There were taken seventeen hundred Prisoners all their Cannon and Ammunition being thirteen brass Pieces of Ordnance seventy barrels of Powder with a Magazine of Bisket and other provisions proportionable By this opportune Victory all that Nook of the West was reduced to the Kings entire obedience except Plymouth and for which important service the King presently honoured Sir Ralph with the Title of Baron Hopton of Stratton from the place where he atchieved his honour The Parliament had appointed first Colonel Thomas Essex then Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes to be Governour of Bristol of which in the beginning of the troubles they had possest themselves and having discovered a Plot of delivering the City to Prince Rupert who accordingly was drawn down near the place expecting the Signal which was ringing of a Bell and opening a gate surprized and secured the intelligencers viz. Mr. Robert Yeomans and Mr. George Bourcher two of the Citizens and soon after notwithstanding the King and his Generals mandates and threats of retaliation disloyally executed them in that City Iames Earl of Northampton defeats a body of Parliamentarians in Middleton Cheiny Town-field under Colonel Iohn Fiennes killed 200 took 300 more with their Arms while the rest fled to Northampton and brought them into Banbury his Garison At this time also Wardour-Castle in Wilt-shire was taken by the Parliaments Forces and not long after retaken by Sir Francis Dorrington But enough to be said of such petty places Sir William Waller was now advanced into the West with a well-furnished Army to prevent those dangers which the growing Fortunes of the Lord Hopton threatned to the Cause and the well-affected in those Counties By force partly and partly by perswasion he had screwed himself into a great many Towns chiefly Taunton and Bridge-water which he Garisoned whereupon the Lord Hâ—mpton joyning with Prince Maurice and the Marquess of Hartford advanced East-ward and at a place called Landsdown met with Sir William drawn up in a place of great advantage with Forlorns Sir Bevil Greenvil and Sir Nicolas Slanning advanced first upon them and some Horse but Sir William had so lined the Hedges and the Horse were so galled with Musquet-shot that they were forced to retreat disorderly towards the Rear of their Foot when the Cornish-men came on with resolution and beat them out of their Hedges and pursued them up an ascent where they had almost regularly fortified themselves by Hedges and laid Stone-walls From hence Waller charged with a body of Horse and again disordered them yet they rallied and received another Repulse in one of which Major Lowre that commanded part of the Horse was slain in the Head of them as also that noble person Sir Bevil Greenvil in the Head of his stand of Pikes with which he had done signal Service so oâ—ten divers Gentlemen of less note falling with him until in conclusion night drawing on nay quite spent for it was one of the clock in the morning and past before they gave over the Battel might be said or a continued Skirmish it was to be drawn betwixt them the Royalists continuing in the Field all â—ight having possession of the Field dead and of 300 Arms and nine barrels of Powder leâ—t by the Enemy which by some accident or treachery was fired and the Lord Hopton thereby hurt and endangered Here were slain besides on the Kings part Mr. Leak son to my Lord Deincourt now Earl of Scars-dale Mr. Barker Lieutenant-Colonel Wall Capt. Iames Capt. Cholwel and Mr. Bostard That which on the other side seems to say that Sir William Waller had the better of it is that within two days after he had cooped up my Lord Hopton in the Devises this again is imputed to the want of Ammunition the Royalists being forced as they were taught by
Dragoons with him and the place Tenable and Prince Rupert was also on his way to relieve it from Bristol with 1500 Horse and Foot but Okey's Dragoons creeping on their bellies over the Bridge to the Gate which they fired made the Governour surrender Iuly the 29. upon Articles To return to Sherburn-Castle there Sir Lewes Dives was Governour who made a most notable defence which for the honour of that noble Knight who so constantly and through so many hazards adhered to the King and because this was a place of remarque and the first that endured a formal siege in the beginning of the War shall be more largely spoken of A Hay-stack August the fifth at night within a stones throw of the Works was gained a Storm was then resolved on but afterwards deferred and Battery and Approaches pitcht upon together with Mining for that the ground wherein the Castle stood was minable Much hurt was done out of the Castle by Birding-peices by very skilful Marks-men several Officers and Gunners being killed by such shot Both Mines and Galleries were now made every worker being rewarded with twelve pence a day and twelve pence a night so hazardous was the service and then a second Summons was sent in with an offer from the General that the Ladies and Women might depart Sir Lewis acknowledged that civility but contemned the peremptoriness of the demand The Miners were got within two yards of the Wall where the Rock appearing they began to doubt of any effect but it proving but a soft stone on the 14 of August the great Guns played and had made a Breach by the evening in the middle of the Wall so that ten a breast might enter and one of the Towers was beaten down when the Parliament-Souldiers were so venturous as for six pence a Bullet to fetch off all the Cannon-shot that rebounded from the Castle of which there was great scarcity A third Summons was now sent in to deliver the Castle or expect extremity to which Sir Lewis told the Drum that he would hang him That the language was so far different from what he had formerly received that he could not believe it came from the same hand That whatever happened he would not lose his honour to save his life which he should think well bestowed in the service The Mine being now ready to spring a general Assault was resolved on the Gallery being advanced so neer the Works that the Souldiers pulled the Wool out of the Woolsacks from the besieged who made fires all night to discover the Mines and Approaches Two of the Towers were also gained and with that encouragement the Assaylants without order improved it forcing them within from their Guns which they had planted to oppose their entrance at the Breach so that presently they were forced to quit the great Court within the Castle Which so disheartned them that the Besiegers hastily and before the time appointed leapt over the Works and so into the Castle which was followed by the whole Army who presently possessed themselves of it and plundered it sufficiently stripping every person within it but because of the little opposition they found giving indifferent good quarter Sir Lewis was taken Prisoner and kept so a long while in the Tower till after the death of the King being designed for the slaughter also he made an escape from his Keeper at White-hall whither he was brought to be examined and soon after did notable service in Ireland for his present Majesty There were taken also 400 Prisoners Colonel Giles Strangeways Sir William Walcot Colonel Thornhil and the Clubmen of the parts adjacent fully quieted by the loss of this place their Leaders being sent Prisoners with those of Sherburn The next place designed as a further Trophee of the Parliaments victorious Army after some dispute because Plymouth was straightly beset and in the same plight now as Taunton formerly was Bristol In the march of the Army thither Colonel Rainsborough took in Nunny-Castle the 21 of August upon condition of liberty to go to their own houses Commissary-General Ireton was first sent with 2000 Horse to secure the Villages and Towns adjacent to Bristol from being fired by the Royalists in that City which because of its importance being justly reckoned in the first rank of populous Cities of the Kingdom and the onely considerable part the King had for Shipping Trade and Riches and lay advantagious for supplies from Ireland was thought necessary to be reduced and the danger of leaving so considerable a strength of 3000 Horse and Foot as Prince Rupert could make in the field and leave a sufficient Garrison besides was no inconsiderable motive to the attempt At the setting down of the Army several Salleys were made with different success Sir Bernard Ashley mortally wounded and taken under the Walls when on the fourth of September a Summons was sent in unto Prince Rupert which for its extraordinary civility and stile and that seeming reverence it bears for here the game began this being the first tast of this Model and drawn by Ireton is very delightful to insert For his Highness Prince Rupert SIR FOr the service of the Parliament I have brought their Army before the City of Bristol and do Summon you in their Names to render it with all the Forts belonging to the same into my hands for their use Having used this plain language as the business requires I wish it may be as effectual unto you as it is satisfactory to my self that I do a little expostulate with you about the Surrender of the same which I confess is a way not common and which I should not have used but in respect to such a person and such a place I take into consideration your Royal Birth and Relation to the Crown of England your Honour Courage the vertues of your person and the strength of that place which you may think your self bound and able to maintain Sir the Crown of England is and will be where it ought to be we fight to maintain it there but the King misled by evil Counsellours or through a seduced heart hath left his Parliament under God the best assurance of his Crown and Family the maintaining of this Schism is the ground of this unhaâ—pie War on your part and what sad effects it hath produced in the three Kingdoms is visible to all men To maintain the rights of the Crown and Kingdom joyntly a principal part thereof is that the King in Supream Acts is not to be advised by men of whom the Law takes no notice but by his Parliament the great Council of the Kingdom in whom as much as man is capable of he hears all his people as it were at once advising him and in which multitude of Counsellours lies his safety and his peoples Interest And to see him right in this hath been the constant and faithful endeavours of the Parliament and to bring those
wicked instruments to justice that have misled him is the principal ground of our fighting Sir if God makes this clear to you as he hath to us I doubt not but he will give you a heart to deliver this place notwithstanding all the other considerations of Honour Courage Fidelity c. Because of their constancy and use in the present business depends upon the right or wrongfulness of this that hath been said And if upon such conviction you shall surrender it and save the loss of blood or hazard the spoiling of such a City it would be an occasion glorious in it self and joyful to us for the restoring of you to the endeared affections of the Parliament and People of England the truest friend to your Family it hath in the World But if this be hid from your eyes and through your wilfulness this so great famous and ancient a City be by your putting us to force the same exposed to the ruine and extremities of War which yet we shall in that case as much as possible endeavour to prevent then I appeal to the righteous God to be judge between you and us and to require the wrong And let all England judge whether the burning of its Towns ruining its Cities and destroying its people be a good requital from a person of your Family which hath the Prayers Tears Purses and blood of its Parliament and People And if you look on either as now divided hath ever had that same party both in Parliaments and People most zealous for their assistance and restitution which you now oppose and seek to destroy and whose constant grief hath been that their desires to serve that your Family have been ever hindred or made fruitless by that same party about his Majesty whose Counsel you act and whose Interest you pursue in this unnatural War I expect your speedy Answer to this Summons with the return of the Bearer this evening and remain Your Highness Humble Servant THO. FAIRFAX The Trumpeter was detained all the night during which there was a voluntary Cessation on both sides which continued all the next day when this Answer was returned SIR I Received yours by your Trumpeter I desire to know whether you will give me leave to send to the King to know his pleasure in it Your Servant RVPERT To which this was the Reply next day SIR YOur overture of sending to the King to know his pleasure I cannot give way to because of delay I confess your Answer doth intimate your intention not to surrender without his Majesties consent yet because it is but implicite I send again to know a more positive Answer from you self which I desire may be such as may render me capable of approving my self Your Highness Humble Servant THO. FAIRFAX In the mean while additions of Country-forces by means of Mr. Ashe and others promoting the Generals Warrant to that purpose being come to the Leaguer a Storm was concluded on for that intelligence came to the Army and was seconded with advice from the Committee of both Kingdoms that the King who was then newly come out of the Associated Counties of which by and by was intended for the relief of Bristol and to that purpose was to joyn with General Goring who was newly inforced as was said before and was now about Collumpton in Devonshire whose Letters intercepted being sent to Secretary Nicholas said that within three Weeks time he should be in a condition to relieve the Town So that the Prince did prudently temporize with Fairfax by sending out a Draught of very high Articles while succour might be sent him and his Lines finished though others and those valiant expert Commanders of whom for honours sake Colonel Pretty ought not to be forgotten declared that the Town was tenable by force and needed not the courtesie or charms or words to preserve it but it since appears that the Prince had Orders from the King if it came to extremity to surrender it upon honourable Articles On the 10 of September the City having been alarmed two nights together about two of the Clock in the morning the Storm began which was round the City for the Sea-men also having by the loss of Portshed which was rendred to Colonel Weldens Regiment free riding in the River attempted it of their side but the Tide failed them the disposal of the several posts of the several Regiments was after this manner The signal being given which was by setting on fire a great heap of straw and faggots on the top of a hill and the shooting of four great Pieces of Ordnance against Pryors Fort from the place where the General was to reside all the time of the Storm the General Assault began Colonel Montague and Colonel Pickerings Brigade with their Regiments at Lawfords gate entred speedily and recovered two and twenty great Guns and took many Prisoners in the Works them Major Desborough seconded with his Horse of the Generals Regiment and part of Colonel Graves Sir Hardress Waller's Regiment and the Generals between Lawfords gate and the River Froom Lieutenant-Colonel Pride's Regiment part against Pryors Fort and part to alarm the great Fort who in the mean while took a Fort wherein were some Welch-men Colonel Horn and Colonel Raustings attempted neer Pryors Fort. The Horse that entred here were led on by Captain Ireton seconded by Major Bethel who received a shot in the thigh whereof he after dyed whose Troops likewise mortally wounded Colonel Taylor of the Kings party The Line being thus thrown down by the Pioneers and mastered both by the Foot and Horse the Royalists Horse retreated and stood in a Body under the favour of the great Fort and Coulstons Fort. Priors-hill-Fort held out the most obstinately but at length was resolutely mastered where Prides Souldiers gave no quarter except to a very few in regard of the great slaughter they within made by their gallant defence But on the Somersetshire-â—ide the success was not answerable where Colonel Weldens Ingoldsby and Herberts Regiments were appointed to storm these by reason of the height of the Work which they had not rightly calculated the Ladders proving too short were repulsed with great loss of above 300 men Leiutenant-Colonel Purefoy and Major Cromwel killed in the general Assault and soon after some part of the Town was set on fire to make the other more defensible And then the Prince thought good to treat and obtained the Conditions he first propounded saving that the General would not admiâ— of freeing the City from any Garrison I may not omit that Sir Richard Crane a familiar and Favorite of the Prince was killed some time before in a Salley According to the honourable Articles of the Surrender on the 14 of September the Royalists Marched out and then assigned as was before agreed Oxford for the place they would go to and because of the danger of the Clubmen had 1000 Arms lent them at the
and War having eaten things most reluctant to nature till the Kings affairs 1645 being desperate he accepted of no less honourable than his York Conditions and was now deservedly and as the onely fit person intrusted with this chief Bulwark and Fortress of Loyalty By him many additions were made to render it impregnable one most dangerous to the enemy was that he had caâ—sâ—d the ground before the Trenches to be broke and digged into pits wherein he had driven stakes so that it was neither safe for Horse nor man if they should attempt to storm to approach the Works But all this strength availed not against the Fate upon the Kings Cause besides that there was some Division among the Nobles at Court to whom the King had left a power of Treating with the Enemy insomuch that after a Summons the Governour by the advice of the Lords condescended to a Treaty which was managed at Marston at Mr. Crooks House by Commissioners on both sides and after a long debate all Hostility being exercised in the mean time especially when it was thought they would agree the besieged shot their great Guns continually by which they did some hurt killing a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Works and Prince Rupert received a shot in a Salley that he made rather to take the air than out of any great designe the Treaty came to a conclusion upon very noble Terms which Fairfax was willing to grant not knowing but that he might have been forced to continue there till the depth of Winter at which time the over-flowing of the Rivers which were now diverted might make him rise and leave the Siege there being plenty of all provisions in the Town to maintain it beyond that time The Articles being tedious and like those of Exeter need no repetition On Wednesday the 23 of Iune according to Agreement Sir Thomas Glemham marched out with a Body of 3000 compleat Foot through two Files of the Enemy which were placed at the East-Gate and extended to Shotover-hill where their Horse were drawn up in the Rear in a Solemn Military posture and having marched to Tame 900 of them laid down their Arms and had Passes to their own houses the rest or the most part of them took service under Colonel Tillier one of the Garrison for the French and some for the Spaniard A thousand more marched out at the North-gate whose habitations were in Glocester-shire and the Counties that way Prince Rupert and Maurice departed on the Monday before to Oatlands upon special Articles for themselves and a number of Gentlemen on Tuesday besides near 2000 that staid aâ—â—er the Army was entred for Passes so that there could not be less than 7000 men besides three Auxiliary Regiments of Scholars and Townsmen which were disarmed by the General upon his entrance then in the Town being the very flower and the Chivalry of the Kings Army There marched out likewise the Duke of York the Marquess of Hartford the Earls of Dorset and Southampton the Duke of Richmond and Earl of Lindsey being comprised in the said Articles who departed Oxford some while before the Siege and rendred themselves the Lords Cottington Lane and Dunsmore Secretary Nicholas Sir George Lisâ—e and abundance of brave Gentlemen and Officers so that it was a pleasant martial fight and many were the spectators from London to behold their exit The Duke of York was conveyed to St. Iames's to his Royal Brother and Sister under the Government of the Earl of Northumberland from whence by means of Colonel Ioseph Bamfield he was conveyed away according to the directions of the Queen his Mother into Holland as some while before the Princess Henrietta after married to the Duke of Orleans was by the Lady Dalkeith her Governess privately carried into France In these Articles Faringdon was also included the Governour Sir George Lisle being then in Oxford ratifying the same Colonel Poyntz and Colonel Rossiter had joyned their Forces and with the access of the Scottish Army resolved to besiâ—ge Newark upon which they long had a hankering desire They began the Siege in December which was continued with all obstinacy the Town defending it self resolutely and by often Salleys annoyed the besiegers doing notable Execution upon them The Scots lodged on the North-side with 6000 men making good Muschams bridge Poyntz on the South-side Colonel Rossiter and Lebunt at Blechington Claypool the first time he appears in service now put on by Cromwel with Leicester and Ely forces at Bennington the Nottingham Brigade at Stoak where the Lord Bellasis the Noble stout Governour gave them such a Camisade by a sudden eruption that he totally routed their Horse Poyntz being there and had near surprized the Foot but that Rossiter came opportunely in and designing to get between the Salliers and the Town made them leave their Victory and make home in their way whither they defeated the said Colonel Rossiter and safely returned in at their Works Nevertheless and though General Leven with his Army was drawn off from Newark disgusted for want pay Poyntz would not give over but having turned the River Trent quite from the Town on the North-side and the Scots having taken Sands Fort before who paid dear for their Approaches and the other River being also turned aside and several Forts and Batteries new raised within Musquet-shot of the Town a second Summons was sent in unto the Governour which had not prevailed for all their bravado's of danger had they not been reinforced with a command from the King to his Lordship to make as good Terms as he could and deliver the place for that the Peace of the Kingdome might the sooner be râ—stored Accordingly on the 4 of May a Treaty was entred into the Articles very fair but not so comprehensive as those given by Fairfax but yet such as signified the noble Governours resolution and pointed at his great desert he having approved himself an eminent Souldier and Servant of his King and Country throughout the War and was afterward his Majesties Governour of his Town of Hull While the Army was marching to Oxford Colonel Whaley with a thousand Foot and-four Troops of Horse was sent to besiege Banbury who lay before it ten weeks ere the Governour would hearken to any Terms as nobly angry with the Fortune of his Cause as disdainfully vext with the disparagement of the Siege the Castle able to defie their entire Army and which had often disappointed and beaten several united strengths that beleaguered it But I cannot so regretfully partake with that Loyal Garrison as Mr. Sprig doth zealously with the Town in a Paragraph of his worthy observation and which mâ—â—â— very justly be construed in a better sense than he meant it being a full â—ccount of that once-famous place for Zealotry Banbury once a great and fair Market-Town before the late Troubles but now having scarce the one half standing to gaze on the Ruines of
very predicament but he having his Liberty upon Bail from the Serjeant at Arms left his Bail in the lurch and fled for it and put himself out of the benefit of this qualification Phelps one of the Clerks of the Court of Justice was marked for this but was not Sentenced The Earl of Middleton the King 's great Commissioner came about this time from Scotland to White-hall and on the 30th of this Moneth the Parliament was adjourned by the King to attend their business in the Country till the 20th of November the King and they parting with mutual satisfaction the Lord-Chancellor declaring that the King's confidence in them had not in the least deceived him Much discourse there was all the Summer that his Majesty would take a Progress to visit his Loyal City of Worcester and the places of his Sanctuary and Refuge in his escape thence and to that end his Tent-Office was held at Clarkenwell green to prepare and make all things ready for the accommodation of his Progress but the suspition of affairs and the designes of the old Enemy who as was said before was at work deferred it this year and a shorter journey took up the next Commissioners likewise came from the Parliament in Ireland with an acceptable present to the King at White-hall The Duke of York who had been chosen Captain to the Artillery-company in London and by their Deputies humbly requested to honour them with his acceptance which he was nobly pleased to do and lead with them in their Ground and see them Exercise to his good content accepted now likewise from them an invitation to dine with them on their annual Feast-day at Merchant-Taylors Hall whither accompanied him with the same invitation the Duke of Buckingham and divers other Persons of Honour This Moneth of August was the Reading of that excellent Lawyer and most accomplisht Gentleman Sir Heneage Finch his Majesties Sollicitor at the Inner Temple whose Nobleness and Generosity were herein equal to his matchless Abilities in the Laws as his magnificence in this Solemn occasion did make appear especially in that particular Treatment he gave the King who to honour this one of his best servants was graciously pleased to accept of it and to dine in that Hall a favour not before indulged to any of these famous Societies by any of his Royal Progenitors the most Illustrious Duke of York was present and Dined here with his Brother to both their likings and approbations Count Conningsmark from the young King and Queen of Sweden had been here some while and now came another more splendid Embassy by Count Brahe at whose reception near the Tower a Fray or Conflict happened betwixt the French and Spanish Embassadours Coaches for Precedency which should first follow the Swedes Coach both Parties came prepared for the Encounter but the French were basely worsted and seven or eight of them killed This had like to have caused a new Rupture betwixt both Crowns the French King sending a Messenger to Madrid to demand satisfaction but at the intreaty of the new-Married Queen the difference was put up While I am relating this Forreign matter I must insert that the Prince of Spain a Child about five years old dyed and a young Prince or Dolphin was born to the French King on All Saints day and therefore Christned Lewis Tous Sancts Several Prisoners in the Tower Regicides and others by reason of the practices of their Parties were now in October sent a way from the Tower to several remote places Castles and Islands for securing the Peace and with them the Market of Herbs which usually stood before in Cheap-side and by Tichburn in his Majoralty because it cumbred up the ways was placed in St. Pauls Church-yard and a Cross built there which is yet standing was by Proclamation to avoid the scandal of selling and buying in that Ground now removed into Aldersgate-street and Aldermanbury Several suspected persons of the Phanatick Party were now seized and committed to several Prisons The Right Noble Iames Duke of Ormond after several uneffectual designments of others was appointed by his Majesty Lieutenant of Ireland which Place and Dignity he had before so prudently discharged After the expiration of the Adjournment of the Parliament from Iuly last they met again the Twentieth of November now in their full and entire Constitution the Lords Spiritual the Bishops by virtue of the Act of Repeal made the last Session taking their places which the King in his Speech to the Houses did congratulate to them as a felicity He much desired to see accomplished in this goodly restored Fabrick of the Government On the Twenty fifth of the same Month the Regicides that came in upon Proclamation and were respited after Sentence to the pleasure of the Parliament were brought to the Bar of the House of Lords to answer what they could for themselves why Judgment should not be Executed they all Pleaded the Proclamation which they understood and supposed did extend to favour of Life upon the rendring themselves thereupon as likewise that as to the Crime they were all of them guilty of no malice toward the Person of the King Henry Marten added that he never obeyed any Proclamation before but this and hoped that he should not be Hanged for taking the Kings Word now They were remanded back again to the Tower from whence they came and no further proceeding had concerning them The Lord Chancellour in his Speech made mention of a Plot which one Major White had discovered and upon which several Persons had been secured that were Officers formerly in the Army and what care had been taken by the King to prevent the danger and to attain to a full discovery And this Michaelmas-Term one Iohn Iames one of the Fifth Monarchists a Small-coal-man by Trade and ingaged in Venners business but was absent or saved himself the last day they broke out but had not departed from his malice ever since that disappointment but continued his Meetings and Conventicles with others of his desperate Crew among whom he was a great Rabby or Teacher flew out into several Traiterous Speeches and Invectives against the Kings Person Government and Family which relisht of the same Design couched in Venners Declaration which being over-heard by some Neighbours living near the same Conventicle Iames was seized and carried before a Justice who Committed him to Newgate whence this Term he was brought to the Kings Bench Bar and there the Words were proved against him and he Convicted and Condemned as a Traytor On the Twenty seventh he was drawn on a Sledge to Tyburn some of his Sect and Opinion throwing themselves into the same Sledge and embracing him so fond were they of this their silly though bold Seducer At the Gallows he denyed the words but owned and avowed his Chilianism and the Personal Reign of Christ out of which respect he prayed not for the King or any Authority but with the
While the King of England is preparing his Fleet by Sea the King of France leaving the Management of Affairs at home in the Hands of the Queen begins his March at the Head of his Main Army himself and first he Arrives at Charleroy the chief place of Rendezvous whence he sends to Montery to assure him that though he were constrain'd to March through those Countries yet he would take care that not the least Act of Hostility should be committed Toward the beginning of May Turenne appear'd within a League of Maestricht which was soon after wholly Blockt up in which condition the King leaving it March'd directly with the gross of his Army toward Rhinebergh In the mean while at Sea the English Fleet being in all English and French 160 Sayl had often sight of the Dutch But upon the 28th of this Month about five of the Clock in the Morning a most brisk Fight began near the Bay of Southwold The Blew Squadron first Engag'd and the Royal Iames was the first Ship that fir'd next to which his Royal Highness who was becalm'd but the Blew Squadron and the French having a Gale came up with the Duke and Fought briskly In the Afternoon of the day the Soveraign St. Andrew and about 20 more getting the Weather-gage of the Dutch were hotly Engag'd about which time the Iames being over-presâ— with Number of Men of War and Fireships a Flag-ship of the Dutch lay'd himself athwart his Hawser but finding his Entertainment too hot cry'd out for quarter whereupon the English entring and leaving the Iames naked the Fireships took their advantage two of which were sunk the third took place and fir'd a stout ship where the Earl of Sandwich perish'd for want of Relief but his Captain Captain Haddock escap'd with a shot in his Thigh The Henry and Two other ships more were likewise disabled At Night the Dutch stood away which the Duke perceiving stood after them keeping in sight of their Lights all Night In the afternoon of the next day the Duke hors'd up his Bloody Flag and bore lasking upon the Dutch intending a second Engagement but on a suddain there fell such a thick Mist with much Wind that they could not see a ships length about an hour and a half after it cleer'd up again and the Bloody Flag was put out a second time but the Fog coming thick again nothing could be done Whereupon the Duke finding himself near the Oyster-Bank Tack'd about stood away some Leagues and came to an Anchor there he staid all Night and the next Morning till Ten a Clock but could hear nothing of the Enemy who were retir'd to the shallows of their own Coast. In this Engagement were lost out-right the Earl of Sandwich Captain Digby in the Henry Sir Iohn Cox in the Prince Sir Freschevile Hollis Monsieur de la Rabinier the French Rear-Admiral with several others several others Wounded about seven hundred Common Sea-men slain and as many Wounded and the Royal Iames only Burn'd In the Henry not an Officer was left alive and above half the Men slain The Katharine was taken and the Captain put on Board a Dutch ship and the Men clapt under Hatches the Dutch going about to Fire the ship at what time a French Sloop came in and cut away the Fireships Boat and then the English finding a way to break out upon the Dutch redeem'd both themselves and the ship and brought away Sixteen of the Dutch Prisoners that were a little before their Masters On the Dutch side were lost Admiral Van Ghent and Captain Brakhel most of their great ships miserably torn among the rest two sunk one by the Earl of Sandwich another by Sir Edward Sprage one taken and one Burn'd besides a very great loss of Common Sea-men another great Vessel suppos'd to be a Flag-ship was seen to sink neer Alborough and several others that were missing suppos'd to be sunk or burn'd As this was no small loss at Sea considering some advantage they had to be beaten into their own Ports so was their loss as great by Land the French having at the same time taken Rhineberg Wesel Oysup and Burick Groll Borkelo taken by the Bishop of Munster and after them Rees Sckenk-Sconce and several others underwent the same Fate possessed by the French Nor was this all for the French without much resistance had now forc'd their Passage over the Rhine neer Tolbuys This neer Approach of the French bred such a Confusion in the Netherlands that many of the most wealthy Inhabitants forsook the Country not willing to hazard their Persons and Estates in a Country falling into the hands of a Victorious Forreigner The States also themselves remov'd from the Hague to Amsterdam for their better security opening the Sluces and putting the Country round under Water to the dammage of above 18 Millions of Gilders The King of England being throughly informed of these Proceedings puts forth a seasonable Declaration signifying That if any of the Low Country Subjects either out of Affection to His Majesty or his Government or because of the oppression they meet with at home from their Governours should come into his Kingdoms they should be Protected in their Persons and Estates that they should have an Act for their Naturalization and that all such Ships and Vessels as they should bring along with them should be accompted as English built and enjoy the same Priviledges and Immunities as to Trade Navigation and Customs as if they had been built in England or belong'd to his own Subjects And to restrain the Licentious Tongues of those that were apt to talk too busily and sawcily of State-Affairs the King did farther by his Proclamation forbid all his loving Subjects either by Writing or Speaking to divulge or utter false News or Reports or to intermeddle in matters of Government or with any of his Majesties Councellors or Ministers in their common Discourses All this while the Dutch at Land began to be more and more streightned for on the one side the King of France was Advanc'd within Three Leagues of Amsterdam Arnhem Vtrecht and Zutphen and Emmerick surrendred up to him on the other side the Bishop of Munster press'd hard upon Frizeland having taken Deventer Groll Borkelo Doetechem and several other Places of lesser Consequence insomuch that the People began to Tumult in all places but more especially at Dort whither they sent for the Prince of Orange where as he was at Dinner with the Lords at the Paw being the Principal House in the Town the Burgers who were in Arms surrounded the House and sent up their Captains to tell the Lords That except they presently drew up a Paper and put their Hands to it for declaring the Prince Stadt-holder they would Cut all their Throats whereupon the Paper was immediately drawn up and sign'd by which the said Prince was declar'd Stadt-holder with all the Powers and Authorities in as ample
manner of his escape and arrival at Paris 311. Continues there ibid. Interposeth betwixt that King and Princes honoured by the Duke of Lorrain ibid. From Paris to Liege and from the Spaw 363. to Colen 365. At the Duke of Newburg ibid. Privately withdraws upon Penruddock's rising 367. At Frankford 376. An interview with the Queen of Sweden in company with the Princess of Aurange ibid. To Flanders at Bruges 384. False reports spread of him here on designe 377. Honourably treated by the Elector of Mentz ibid. Entertains Forces in Flanders 291. His Title to the Crown annull'd 383. King at Dunkirk 396. In readiness with Forces from Flanders 403. His designe discovered by Manning 367. Privately at Sir George Booth's rising about St. Mâ—â—â—'s in Britany 426. At St. Jean de Luz ibid. And at Paris Complemented upon the Change by that Court 436. At Brussels thence to Breda 445. Sends his Letters and Declarations ibid. At the Hague 447. Proclaimed ibid. Departs for England 449. Complemented with an Elegant Speech ibid. Embarques and Lands at Dover 450. To Canterbury Rochester Dertford 451. Manner of his entrance into and passage through London ibid. Proclaimed in Ireland by the Convention Crowned 454. His answer to the Earl of Manchester's Speech 453. Passeth many Acts 454. His passage through London to his Coronation 475. Married to the Infanta of Portugal at Portsmouth 506. His Declaration concerning the Act of Vniformity 514. Kings Progress 539. At Oxford ibid. Declares War against France 544. Lays the first Stone at the Exchange 565. Makes peace with Spain 578. Takes a Progress 581. Invites the Dutch into England 585. Makes peace with the Dutch 595. Mediates a peace between France and Spain composeth the difference between the King of France and States of Genoua 600 Kingly power voted useless 226 Kirle a Lieutenant-Colonel betrayeth Monmouth to Massey 64 Knights of the Bath 481 Kniveton Daniel the Kings Messenger-Executed 256 L Lambert Major-General passeth into Fife defeats Sir John Brown there 293 Lambert made General against Sir Geo. Booth his success 425. His reward of a Iewel 427. His policy and use of his Victory ibid. His Cabal with the Officers of his Army against the Rump ibid. Offered Terms from the King by the Lord Hopton 431. Marcheth against General Monke ibid. Would Engage 434. Deserted by his men ibid. Turned off and discarded escapes from the Tower defeated taken by Ingoldsby 441. Ordered to Trial 505. Sentenced 510 Lambs a brave white-coated Regiment of the Marquiss of Newcastle overthrown and destroyed 61 Langdale Lord joyns with Hamilton 1â—7 Lane Lord-Keeper dieth at Jersey 270 Laud Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury a zealous Protestant traduced c. 12. And intended to be murthered 12 13. Impeached 17. And voted guilty of High Treason committed to the Tower ibid. Convened before the Lords and after a brave defence Sentenced 69 70. As bravely suffered Beheaded ibid. Col. Laughorn Poyer and Powel rise in Wales 171 Laughorn vide Poyer c. Laws poted to be maintained and preserved by the new States turned into English 287 to be new moulded into another Body 351. Lawson Sir John sent to the Streights 526. Proclaims War with the Algiers ibid. Called home 528 De Lede Spanish Embassador hither 373. Governour of Dunkirk slain there 406 Leeds taken by Fairfax 42 Leicester Earl made Deputy of Ireland 20 Leicester taken â—6 Retaken 80 81. Lenthal Mr. John 469 Lesly Scotch General 13. Defeated at Marston-moor 59. Baulked at Hereford 87. Taken and sent Prisoner to Chester 302 Letters sent from the King to the Rump 441 Levellers first 131 Levens Dr. Executed 269 Liberty of Conscience Enacted in England 275 Libberton Lord to the King at Jersey 233. Slain at Dunbar 273 Ligne Prince 455 Lilburn John whipt at Carts Tail for seditious Books 2 Lilburn and Levelling party secured 232. Their History and Actions at Burford 234 Their new Commotions 255. Defeated and their Ring-leaders shot 234 Lilburn Col. Chief Commander in Scotland he defeats the Royalists 355 Lilly's Prognostications 310 Lines and Bulwarks about London alarm'd by the King's march 39 Lindsey Earl General for the King 38. His Son 47 Limerick Siege 304. Surrendered 305 Lisle killed 534 Litchfield besieged and taken 42. Retaken by Prince Rupert 44 Litchfield Earl 424 Littleton Lord Keeper 45 Little or foolish Parliament sit down 349. Their Character and Names 350. Their strange Consultations and Actions 351. Dissolved 353 Lockyer shot to death 233 Lockhart the Rump Embassador at St. Jean de Luz 426 Loans and subscriptions against Scotch War by the Earl Strafford c. all the Nobility and Gentry 11 London proffers their ready service to secure the two Houses their Levies forbidden by the Kings Letters 27. A Plot to surprize it for the King Mr. Waller hardly escaped 47. Engage against the Army and Petition the Parliament 137. Too rashly 138. Tumult the Parliament ibid. Submit to the Army their Lines and Works dismantled Army through it in Triumph 141 Bishop of London attended the King at his death 220 London-Derry relieved by the joynt forces of O Neal and General Monke the ill consequences thereof 239 Longford house surrendred 92 Loudon Lord abuseth the King 120 Lorn Lord pardoned 509 Lords House comply with votes of Non-addresses awed by the Army 165 Lords of the Privy-Council 488 Loathbury sad fire 513 Loughborough Lord 81 97. Escapes 227. Arrives at the Hague ibid. Love Minister Sentenced and Executed 240 Lucas Sir Charles and Sir George Lisle shot to death 179 Lucas Sir Charles and Sir George Lisle reinterred at Colchester 500 Lunsford Lieutenant of the Tower 25 Luzancy assaulted by St. Germain 602 M Macquire and MacMahon seized in Dublin sent Prisoners to the Tower 22. Executed 71 Mace a new one made 235 Maestricht blockt up 584. Surrendered 596 Major-Generals established 378. Their power and awe of Elections c. 382 Mallet Iudge resignes 522 Man Isle reduced 306 Manchester Earl at Marston 58. At Dennington-castle 63. Disbanded 72. His Speech 452. Made Lord-Chamberlain 455. Dies 580 Mannings Treason 365. Shot 368 Mardike taken 396. Attempted by the Spaniard ibid. Marlborough 42. Burnt 343 Mary Princess Married to the Prince of Aurange 18 Marriage Act 351 Marston the Leveller hanged 257 Marsin General 403 Marshals Court in Southwark abolished 291 Maynard Serjeant to the Tower c. 374 Massey Col. 42. Disbanded 112. Heads the Citizens against the Army 139. Impeached 132. Flies into Holland 143. Escapes from the Tower 303. Escapes from St. James's 227 Arrives at the Hague ibid. Worsted and wounded at Upton-bridge 296. Taken 303. Taken and Escaped 424. Mazarine Cardinal joys the Queen-Mother with Cromwel's death 410 Maurice Prince drowned in the West-Indies 337 Members the five the grand cavil of the Rebellion 25. Five Members charged 26 Eleven Members impeached by the Army 132. Fugitive Members sit in Council with the Army 140. Reseated by them 141. Void and null all that was done in their absence 142
led by Hewson a daring Souldier The town fired Colonel Okey takes Burrough Garrison for the Parliament The Clubmen dispersed They were Ten thousand in a Body The Motto of one of their Colours Sherburn Castle besieged and Bath taken Sir Lewes Dives the Governour of Sherburn Castle maks a notaâ—â—â— defence The General Summons the Castle and offers the Ladies and women their liberty to depart The Castle again Summoned The Governours resolute answer Sherburn Castle taken August 15. Sir Lewis Dives imprisoned in the Tower he escapes to Ireland Nunny Castle taken by Colonel Rainsborough for the Parliament Ireton sent towards Bristol Several Salleys with different success Sir Bernard Ashley mortally wounded Sir Thomas Fairfax's Summons to Prince Rupert Observe the strange guise of these words The Trumpeter detained a Cessation Prince Rupertâ— Answer Sir Thomas Fairfax's reply Bristol Stormed Sept. 10. and afterwards delivered upon Articles Sir Richard Crane slain The Royalists march to Oxford The Gen. waits on Prince Rupert two miles out of Bristol The Plague at Bristol Sir Tho. Fairfax removes to Bath Sir Hugh Cholmley delivers Scarborough to Sir Matthew Boynton for the Parliament July 25. Raby Skipton Sandal and Pomfret-Castles delito the Parl. Hereford besieged by the Scots They take Canon-Froom Sir Barnabas Scudamore Governour of Hereford The Siege raised The King in person encounters the Scots at Bewdley and worsâ—eth them defeats Sir John Gell and enters the Association and surpriseth Huntingdon and Cambridge St. Ives fined 500 pound by toe King The King at Oxford The Royalists began to come in upon composition The King marcheth towards Wales comes to Ludlow designing to relieve Chester Routon heathfight Sept. 24. The Parliaments Forces under General Poyntz beaten but reserves coming in the King is worsted The King quits Chester and goes into Wales Eikon Basil. The King assists Montross with Horse Sherburn fight Octo. 25. in York shire The Royalists forced to fâ—â— by Colonel Copley and Colonel Lilburn Lord Digby routed at Carlisle Sands he flies into Ireland The King at Newark Octob. Lord Bellasis Governour thereof Lord Digby charged with disloyalty by divers Lords the King his friend The King returns to Oxford Gen. Poyntz routs the Kings Câ—nvoy Belvoyr taken Sir Gervas Lucas Governour thereof Several Castles and Houses taken Berkley Castle Surrendred by Sir Charles Lucas Devises and Winchester Surrendred by the Lord Ogle Basing-house stormed and taken Doctor Griffiths Daughter slain Marquess of Winchester and the Governour sent Prisoners to London Basing-house demolished The plunder great and rich Langford-house Surrendâ—ed to Cromwel Tiverton taken by Fairfax Major Sadler executed Sir Gilbert Talbot taken Prisoner Transactions in the West betwixt the Armies The siege of Exeter by the Lord Fairfax Prince Rupert endeavours accommodation with Fairfax General Goring goes into France Lord Wentworth commands his Troops A skirmish at Corf Castle between the Kings Horse and the Parliaments the Kings Horse worsted Fairfax at Dartmouth Plymouth siege dâ—serted Lord Wentworth worsted by Cromwel Darmouth stormed and taken Sir Hugh Pollard Governour Sir Henry Cary hath conditions to march the Governour and the Earl of Newport have quarter given Torrington fight it is taken by the Parliament 80 baâ—rels of Powder fired in a Church the guard killed the Army and Town endangered Lord Hopton and Lord Capel wounded Lord Hoptons Commission taken Lord Hopton a valiant and discreet Souldier Shelford house stormed and taken by Maj. Gen. Poyntz Col. Stanhop the Governour thereof killed and the house demolished The Countess of Derby surrenders Larham house A neat Stratagem Bolton Castle and Beeston Castle delivered Hereford taken by surprisâ— December 18. Lord Brudenel fourteen Knights and Iudge Jenkins taken Prisoners Westchester taken Sir William Brereton Commander for the Parliament Lord Byron surrenders Chester The Court of Wards Voted down The Kings Forces under Sir Jacob Ashley defeated at Stow in the Would March 12. Sir Jacob Ashley taken Prisoner Lord Hopton disbands Sir James Smith falls on a party of Parliamentarians with success The Prince and Lord Culpeper set sail for Scilly Lord Hopton complemented by the Parliament General The Parliament Army beat up the Princes quarters neer St. Columbe Major-General Perr a gallant-Commander mortally wounded A Treaty concluded on at Tresilian bridge a Cessation agreed on Nine Brigades disbanded The Conditions of their disbanding Thâ—â— take shipping at Plymouth Lord Hopton and Wentworth sail into Scilly Abingdon attempted by Sir Stephen Hawkins Ashby deâ—la-zouch surrendred to the Parliament by the Lord Loughborough Dennington Castle surrendred Mar. 25. 1646. to the Parliament and demolished Ruthen Castle delivered to the Parliament by Sir William Vaughan April 8. Corf Castle taâ—â—â— Exeter City delivered Apr. 3. to the Lord Fairfax by the Governour Sir John Berkley by a Treaty between Commissioners on both sides The Conditions Sir John Stawel included in the Articles The General marcheth to Tiverton and towards Oxford * Anglia Rediviva Woodstock surrendred April 26 to Colonel Rainsborough for the Parliament The King leaves Oxford April 27. Tâ—e King disguised comâ—s to the Scotch Army May 4. The King reiterated Messages for peace the first Dec. 5. The Parliaments answer Message of the 15 of December 1645. Message of the 15 of Decem. for a Personal Treaty Another to the same purpose Decemb 29. Royalists expeled the Lines of Communication The Parliaments Answer January 14. The King replies Jan. 15. The Kings Message and Answer of the 17 of January to that of the 13. His Majesties Messageâ— of the 24th of Jan. The King commands a general weekly Fast in Oxford The Earl of Glamorgan 〈◊〉 by the Lord Digby and for a while 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maâ—esties 〈◊〉 Jan. 29. The Parliament publish an Ordinance for the Scizure of the King and his Adherents They pretend to invite the Prince by Commissioners The Prince departing for France Barnstable surrendred April 7 th Ruthen Castle St. Michaels Mount and Dunster Castle Surrendred Arch-Bishop of York declares for the Parliament Dudly Castle surrendred Sir Thomas Fairfax câ—mâ—s before Oxford he summons a Council of War raiseth a great Fort neer the Town Sir Thomas Glemham Govâ—râ—â—â—r of Oxford Carlile â—ieâ—led to the Scâ—ts July 1â— 1645 by Sir Thomas Glemham Divisions at Court among the Nobles at Oxford Oxford delivered June 23. The Governour marcheth to Tame Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice depart to Oatlands Duke of York and many persons of great Quality depart from Oxford Duke of York conveyed to St. Iames's sooâ— after into Holland the Princess Henrietta to France a while before Faringdon included in the Oxford Articles 〈◊〉 Parliament-Forces under Col. Poyntz and Col. Rossiter besiege Newark General Leven with his Scots draws of from Newark the Town Summoned Lord Bellasis the Governour commanded by the King to surrender May 4 a Treaty entred into and Newark yeilded The Parliament-Forces under Col. Whaley besiege Banbury * Anglia Rediviva Sir William Compton the Governour yields on honourable Terms May 8.
retire with great loss Makes peace Duke of Yorks Son Christened Parliament Proroguâ—d August The manner of the Translation of the Archbishop of Canterbury Kings Progress Scotch Parliament Bishop of London one of the Kings Council Iudge Jenkins dies Dutch surpriz'd by the Turk Pope and K. of France differ They come to an Agreement The Turks Bâ—siege New-hausel New-hausel surrender'd Count Serini beats the Turks at the River Mur. The Portugals take Ginaldo in Galicia and totally rout the Spaniards The Protestants of Piedmont defeat the Forces of the Duke of Savoy Traytors executed Disorders at Newbury Sir Thomas Doleman seiseth upon the chief sticklers Jews expell'd Tangier Sir Richard Fanshaw Embassador in Spain English Complaints against the Dutch Resolves of the Houses therein The King declares himself Sir John Lawson with a Fleet for the Streights Buchanans Bank burned in Scotland A Proclamation agâ—inâ—t Contributions c. 〈…〉 rous Tartar Barbado's â—eâ—â—ir Sir John Lawson proclaims War against Argier A Memorandum deliver'd the States Parâ—iaâ—â—â—t Proâ—ogâ—ed The King sends to the City for Mony Granted Earl of Teviot kill'd Turks defeated Turks a second time defeated Lawson callâ—d home Capt. Allen in his room Embassadors sent abroad Sir G. Downing sent into Holland Naval preparations A second Loan by the City Dutch Bravado Prince Rupert at Sâ—a The D. of York set forth to Sea Opdam dares not adventure out The Dutch lay up their Fleet. Dutch Burdeaux-Fleet taken Duke of York returns to London Earl of Sandwich keeps the Sea Royal Katherine and Royal Oak Launched The States disappointed by the English Dutch Scandalous Libel Dutch Desâ—gnes The Condition 〈◊〉 the Dutch with other Kingdoms De Ruyter Sayls for Guiny Smyrna Fleet Encountr'd by Cap. Allen. Sir Tho. Modeford Arrives at Iamaica Act for the Royal Ayd Parliament Prorogu'd Seamen Encourag'd Reprisals granted against the Dutch Feb. 1664 5 Declaration of War against the Dutch Another Dutch Libel Dutch Embassies prove frâ—â—â—less Earl of Morpeth affronted by the Hollander Major Holms committed Dischargâ—d Forein Ministers complain in Holland Capt. Allen returns Dutch Manufactures prohibited Peace with Gayland Sir C Cotterel sent to Bruxels English Fleet ready to set sail Duke of York goes aboard English Fleet upon the Dutch Coast. English Officers cashier'd in Holland Cessation of Arms between the Turk and Emperor Grand Seignior leaves Constantinople Sireni kill'd The French at Gigery Portugals Victory Sedition in Avignon Lisle killâ—d April 1655. English Fleet at Sea French Embassador expostulates with the Dutch Embargo in France upon the Dutch Embargo in Holland upon the English Dutch endeavour to amuse the Common people French Embassadors to England Dutch Libel against the English Valkenburghs Letter Guinee Relation Dutch ill treated in Russia General Fast. Ships taken by the English Everts taken Dismiss'd Order and Discipline of the English Fleet. Two Dutch East-India Ships taken Duke of York makes for the Coast of Holland Several Holland Merchant-Men taken Smyrna Ships sunk Lord Bellasis Governour of Tangier The Moors shew themselves without Effect English Merchants return safe home De Ruyter attempts the Barbadoes Lord Willoughby wounded by Allen. Duch at Sea Their Numbers Captain Nixon Executed June 1664. Parl. Proroguâ—d A Curiosity A Loss The Duke of York Ingaging the Dutch Fleet gain'd a very â—â—cal Victory July 1665. The Sickness Queen Mother returns for France The King at Oxford Duke of Albemarle stays in London Disaffected Officers order'd to depart the City English Fleet Rendezvouse Bankert returns De Ruyter Sails for New-found-Land The Stroaker Casualty in Norfolk A General Fast King goes to Portsmouth to the Isle of Wight and returns for Sallsbury Parl. Prorogu'd De Ruyter returns into Holland and is made Admiral Dutch loss in China Bishop of Munster threatens Holland August Dutch Assayl'd by Tyddeman in Bergen East-Indie Ships taken Sept. 4. Parliament sits in the Schools at Oxford Octob. 10. His Majesty's Speech The Commons Answer Parliament Prorogu'd Thanks of the House given to the University Duke of Ormond returns into Ireland November 1665. Term at Oxford Captain Howard 's Valour against the Dutch Dutch Embassador recall'd out of England The King's Letter to the Dutch Munster active against the Dutch King of France supplies the Dutch Munster 's Success in Holland Lunenburg excuses himself to the King of England French King declares war against England January 1665. February the King of England declares War with France Sir Christopher Mimms Chases the Dutch Pestilence abates and the King returns to White-Hall Parl. Prorogu'd Earl of Sandwich sent Embassadour into Spain Peace made with the Moors in Africa General Wrangle comes aboard Sir Jeremy Smith Nonconformist Ministers suppress'd in Scotland Parliament in Ireland Irish Traytors there examin'd King of Poland 's ill success Lubomirsky revolts German Princes quarrel Beaufort encounters the Argier Pyrates in Argier Portugals defeat the Spaniards English bravery in Portugal The Emperour's Brother deceased Peace made between the Empâ—â—oâ— and the Turk Turkish Embassadâ—r's present to the Emperor Savoy and Genoua at odds Mentz and Collen Electors reconcil'd Portugueses make an inroad into Spain Brandenburg takes Arms and expostulates with the Dutch Queen-Mother of France dies The Venetian and the Pope differ A counterfeit Messiah appears among the Jews Another Jewish Prophet in Arabia Foelix Turkish Embassadour's Secretary turns Christian. Palaffi Imbre revolts from the Emperour King of Spain dy'd March Governor of Jamaica assaults the Ducth Plantations in America Dutch conclude Peace with the Dane Swede stands firm to England April 6. Parliament Prorogu'd A Proclamation requiring Desborough and others to return into England Plotters Try'd at the Old-Baily Condemned and Executed Earl of Sandwich Arrives at Madrid Lord Hollis returns from France The Fleet ready A French Drag came to nothing Iune The Fleet divided A Fight for two days together maintain'd by the Duke of Albemarie The Fight renew'd Prince Rupert appears Sir George Ayscue Prisoner July The City furnish the King with 100000 l. The Dutch out again The English at their hâ—els Another Engagement English Loss Dutch Loss Sir Robert Holmes enters the Vly Burns 160 sail of ships He lands on the Schelling and burns a Town The Dutch at Sea again The English follow them close but stormy Weather hinders any attempt Monsiâ—ur de la Roche taken in the Ruby Tromp and De Ruyter fall out A designe upon Guernsey discovered Spies hanged The dreadful Fire of London The King and the Duke of York take great pains to prevent it Suspected persons Imprisoned An Observation The King takes care to relieve the distressed A General Fast. His Majesties Declaration concerning the Re-building of the City Val. Knight committed for dangerous advice about it Parliament reassembles They thank the King for his care in the War Vote a Supply of 1800000 l. Another Supply of 1250000 l. A Court of Iudicature Erected for deciding differences in the City His Majesties Horse-Guard burn'd Proclamation prohibiting Importation of Canary The Parliaments