Selected quad for the lemma: prince_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
prince_n	john_n	king_n	wales_n	3,820	5	10.0804	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12533	De republica Anglorum The maner of gouernement or policie of the realme of England, compiled by the honorable man Thomas Smyth, Doctor of the ciuil lawes, knight, and principall secretarie vnto the two most worthie princes, King Edwarde the sixt, and Queene Elizabeth. Seene and allowed.; Common-wealth of England	Smith, Thomas, Sir, 1513-1577.	1583 (1583)	STC 22857; ESTC S117628	79,409	124

dubbing of the prince knight or some such great occasion may be by the king compelled to take that order honour or to pay a fine which many not so desirous of honour as of riches had rather disburse Some who for causes ar not thought worthy of y e honor and yet haue abilitie neither be made knightes though they would and yet pay the fine Xl. l. sterling at that time when this order began maketh now Cxx. l. of currant mony of Englande as I haue more at large declared in my booke of the diuersitie of standardes or the valor of monies When the Romanes did write senatus populusque Romanus they seemed to make but two orders that is of the Senate and of the people of Rome and so in the name of people they contayned equites and plebem so when we in England do say the Lordes and the commons the knights esquires other gentlemen with citizens burgeses yeomen be accompted to make the commons In ordaining of lawes the senate of Lordes of England is one house where the Archbishoppes and Bishops also be and the king or Queene for the time being as chiefe the knightes and all the rest of the gentlemē citizens and burgeses which be admitted to consult vpon the greatest affaires of the Realme be in an other house by themselues and that is called the house of the commons as we shal more clearely describe whē we speake of the parliament Whereupon this worde knight is deriued and whether it do betoken no more but that which miles doth in latine which is a souldier might be moued as a question The word souldier now seemeth rather to come of sould and paymēt and more to betoken a waged or hyred man to fight than otherwise yet Caesar in his Commentaries called soldures in the tongue gallois men who deuoted swore themselues in a certaine band or othe one to another and to the captaine which order if the Almains did follow it may be that they who were not hyred but being of the nation vppon their owne charges and for their aduauncement and by such common oth or band that did follow the warres were possibly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 called knightes or milites and nowe among the Almaines some are called lanceknights as souldiers of their band not hyred although at this day they be for the most part hirelings Or peraduenture it may be that they which were next about the prince as his garde or seruauntes picked or chosen men out of the rest being called in the Almaine language knighten which is asmuch to say as seruantes these men being found of good seruice the word afterward was taken for an honor and for him who maketh profession of armes Our language is so chaunged that I dare make no iudgement thereof Now we call him knight in english that the french calleth cheualier and the lataine equitem or equestris ordinis And when any man is made a knight he kneeling downe is stroken of the prince with his sworde naked vppon the backe or shoulder the prince saying sus or sois chiualier au nom de Dieu and in times past they added S. George and at his arising the prince saith auauncèr This is the manner of dubbing of knights at this present and that terme dubbing was the olde terme in this point and not creation At the coronation of a king or queene there be knightes of the bath made with long and more curious ceremonies But howsoeuer one by dubbed or made a knight his wife is by and by called a Ladie as well as a barons wife he himselfe is not called Lorde but hath to his name in common appelation added this syllable Sir as if he before were named Thomas William Iohn or Richard afterward he is alwayes called Sir Thomas Sir William Sir Iohn Sir Richard and that is the title which men giue to knightes in England This may suffice at this time to declare the order of knighthood yet there is an other order of knightes in England which be called the knightes of the garter King Edward the third after he had obtained many notable victories King Iohn of Fraunce King Iames of Scotland being both prisoners in the tower of London at one time and king Henrie of Castell the bastard expulsed out of his realme and Don Petro restored vnto it by the prince of Wales and Duke of Aquitaine called the blacke prince inuented a societie of honour and made a choice out of his owne realme and dominions and all Christendom and the best and most excellent renoumed persons in vertues and honour he did adorne with that title to be knightes of his order gaue them a garter decked with golde pearle and precious stones with the buckle of gold to weare daily on the left legge onely a kirtle gowne cloke chaperon collar and other august and magnificall apparell both of stuffe and fashion exquisite heroicall to weare at high feastes as to so high and princely an order was meete of which order he and his succesors Kinges and Queenes of England to be the soueraigne and the rest by certaine statutes and lawes among themselues be taken as brethren and fellowes in that order to the number of xxvi But because this is rather an ornament of the realme than any policie or gouernment thereof I leaue to speake any further of it Of Esquiers CHAP. 19. EScuier or esquier which we call commonly squire is a French worde and betokeneth Scutigerum or Armigerum and be all those which beare armes as we call them or armories as they terme them in French which to beare is a testimonie of the nobilitie or race from whence they do come These be taken for no distinct order of the common wealth but do goe with the residue of the gentlemen saue that as I take it they be those who beare armes testimonies as I haue saide of their race and therefore haue neither creation nor dubbing or else they were at the first costerels or the bearers of the armes of Lordes or knightes and by that had their name for a dignitie and honour giuen to distinguish them from a common souldier called in latine Gregarius miles Of Gentlemen CHAP. 20. GEntlemen be those whom their blood and race doth make noble and knowne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke the Lataines call them all Nobiles as the French Nobles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Nobilitas in Latine is defined honour or title giuen for that the auncestor hath bin notable in riches or vertues or in fewer wordes old riches or prowes remaining in one stock Which if the successors do kéepe and follow they be verè nobiles and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 if they doe not yet the same and wealth of their auncestors serue to couer thē so long as it can as a thing once gilted though it be copper within till the gilt be worne away This hath his reason for the Etimologie of the name

also we do reiect women as those whom nature hath made to keepe home and to nourish their familie and children and not to medle with matters abroade nor to beare office in a citie or common wealth no more than children and infantes except it be in such cases as the authoritie is annexed to the blood and progenie as the crowne a dutchie or an erledome for there the blood is respected not the age nor y e sexe Whereby an absolute Quéene an absolute Dutches or Countesse those I call absolute which haue the name not by being maried to a king duke or erle but by being the true right next successors in the dignitie and vpon whom by right of the blood that title is descended These I say haue the same authoritie although they be women or children in that kingdome dutchie or earledome as they shoulde haue had if they had bin men of full age For the right and honour of the blood and the quietnes and suertie of the realme is more to be considered than either the tender age as yet impotent to rule or the sexe not accustomed otherwise to intermeddle with publicke affaires being by common intendment vnderstood that such personages neuer do lacke the counsell of such graue and discreete men as be able to supplie all other defectes This as I sayde is not enough But the diuision of these which be participant of the common wealth is one way of them that beare office the other of them that beare none the first are called magistrates the second priuate men Another the like was among the Romanes of Partricij plebei thone striuing with thother a long time the patricij many yeares excluding the plebes from bearing rule vntill at last all magistrates were made cōmon betweene thē yet was there another diuision of the Romanes into senatores equites and plebs the Greekes had also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Frēch haue also at this day les nobles la populare or gentils homes villaines we in England diuide our men commonly into foure fortes gentlemen citizens and yeomen artificers and laborers Of gentlemen the first and chiefe are the king the prince dukes marquises earles vicountes barrons and these are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the nobility and all these are called Lords and noblemen next to these be knights esquiers and simple gentlemen Of the first part of gentlemen of englande called Nobilitas maior CHAP. 17. DUkes marquises erles vicountes and barrons either be created by the prince or come to that honor by being the eldest sonnes as highest next in succession to their parentes For the eldest of dukes sonnes during his fathers lyfe is called an earle an earles sonne is called by the name of a vicount or baron or else according as the creation is The creation I cal the first donation and condition of the honour giuen by the prince for good seruice done by him and aduauncement that the prince will bestowe vpon him which with the title of that honour is commonly but not alwayes giuen to him and to his heires males only the rest of the sonnes of the nobilitie by the rigor of the lawe be but esquiers yet in common speeche all dukes and marquises sonnes and the eldest sonne of an earle be called Lordes The which name commonly doth agree to none of lower degree than barrons excepting such onely as be thereunto by some speciall office called The barrony or degree of Lordes doth answere to the dignitie of the Senators of Rome and the title of our nobilitie to their patricij when patricij did betoken senatores aut senatorum filios Census senatorius was in Rome at diuerse times diuerse and in Englande no man is created barron excepte he may dispend of yearly reuenue one thousand poundes or one thousand markes at the least Vicountes earles marquises and dukes more according to the proportion of the degree and honour but though by chaunce he or his sonne haue lesse he keepeth his degree but if they decay by excesse and be not able to maintaine the honour as senatores Romani were amoti senatu so sometimes they are not admitted to the vpper house in the parliament although they keepe the name of Lorde still Of the second sort of gentlemē which may be called Nobilitas minor first of knightes CHAP. 18. NO man is a knight by succession not the king or prince And the name of prince in england 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 betokeneth the kinges eldest sonne or prince of wales although the king himselfe his eldest sonne and all dukes be called by generall name princes But as in Fraunce the kinges eldest sonne hath the title of the daulphine and he or the next heire apparant to the crowne is monsire so in Englande the kinges eldest sonne is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the prince Knightes therefore be not borne but made either before the battle to encourage them the more to aduenture their liues or after the conflict as aduauncement for their hardinesse and manhood alreadie shewed or out of the warre for some great seruice done or some good hope through the vertues which do appeare in them And they are made either by the king himselfe or by his commission and royall authoritie giuen for the same purpose or by his liuetenaunt in the warres who hath his royall and absolute power committed to him for that time And that order seemeth to aunswere in part to that which the Romanes called Equites Romanos differing in some pointes and agreeing in other as their commō wealth and ours do differ and agree for neuer in all pointes one common wealth doth agree with an other no nor long time any one common wealth with it selfe For al chaungeth continually to more or lesse and still to diuerse diuerse orders as the diuersity of times do present occasion and the mutabilitie of mens wittes doth inuent and assay new wayes to reforme and amende that werein they do finde fault Equites Romani were chosen ex censu y e is according to their substance and riches So be knightes in England most commonly according to the yearely reuenew of their landes being able to maintaine that estate yet all they that had Equestrem censum non legebantur equites No more are all made knightes in Englande that may dispende a knightes land or fee but they onely whom the king wil so honour The number of Equites was vncertaine and so it is of knightes at the pleasure of the prince Equites Romani had equum publicum The knightes of England haue not so but finde their own horse themselues in peace time and most vsually in warres Census equester was among the Romanes at dinerse times of diuerse valew but in England whosoeuer may dispende of his free landes 40. l. sterling of yearely reuenue by an olde law of Englande either at the coronatiō of the king or mariage of his daughter or at the

a certaine proportiō betwéene the scarcity and plentie of other thinges with gold and siluer as I haue declared more at large in my booke of monie For all other measures and weightes aswell of drie thinges as of wet they haue accustomed to be established or altered by the Parliament and not by the princes proclamation only The prince vseth also to dispence with lawes made whereas equitie requireth a moderation to be had and with paynes for transgression of lawes where the payne of the lawe is applyed onely to the prince But where the forfaite as in popular actions it chaunceth many times is part to the prince the other part to the declarator detector or informer there the prince doth dispence for his owne part onely Where the criminall action is intended by inquisition that maner is called with vs at the princes suite the prince giueeth absolution or pardon yet with a clause modo stet rectus in curia that is to say that no man obiect against the offendor Whereby notwithstanding that he hath the princes pardon if the person offended will take vppon him the accusation which in our language is called the appeale in cases where it lieth the princes pardon doth not serue the offendor The prince giueth all the chiefe and highest offices or magistracies of the realme be it of iudgement or dignitie temporall or spirituall and hath the tenthes and first fruites of all Ecclesiasticall promotions except in the Uniuersities and certaine Colledges which be exempt All writtes executions and commaundementes be done in the princes name We doe say in England the life and member of the kinges subiectes are the kinges onely that is to say no man hath hault nor moyenne iustice but the king nor can hold plea thereof And therefore all those pleas which touche the life or the mutilation of man be called pleas of the crowne nor can be dooke in the name of any inferior person than he or shée that holdeth the crowne of Englande And likewise no man can giue pardon thereof but the prince onely Although in times past there were certaine countie Palatines as Chester Durham Clie which were hault iusticers and writtes went in their name and also some Lorde marchers of Wales which claymed like priuiledge All these are now worne away The supreme iustice is done in the kinges name and by his authoritie onely The Prince hath the wardshippe and first mariage of all those that hold landes of him in chiefe And also the gouernement of all fooles natural or such as be made by aduenture of sicknes and so continue if they be landed This being once graunted by act of Parliament although some inconuenience hath béene thought to grow thereof sith that time it hath béene thought verie vnreasonable yet once annexed to the crowne who ought to go about to take the clubbe out of Hercules hand And being gouerned iustly rightly I see not so much inconuenience in it as some men would make of it diuerse other rights and preeminences the prince hath which be called prerogatiues royalles or the prerogatiue of the king which be declared particularly in the bookes of the common lawes of England To be short the prince is the life the head and the authoritie of all thinges that be doone in the realme of England And to no prince is doone more honor and reuerence than to the King and Queene of Englande no man speaketh to the prince nor serueth at the table but in adoration and kneeling all persons of the realme be bareheaded before him insomuch that in the chamber of presence where the cloath of estate is set no man dare walke yea though the prince be not there no man dare tarrie there but bareheadded This is vnderstood of the subiectes of the realme For all strangers be suffered there and in all places to vse the manner of their countrie such is the ciuilitie of our nation The chiefe pointes wherein one common wealth doth differ from an other CHAP. 4. NOw that we haue spoken of the parliament which is the whole vniuersall and generall consent and authoritie aswell of the prince as of the nobilitie and commons that is to say of the whole head and bodie of the realme of England and also of the prince which is the head life and gouernor of this common wealth there remaineth to shewe how this head doth distribute his authoritie and power to the rest of the members for the gouernment of this realme and the commō wealth of the politique bodie of England And whereas as all common wealthes and gouernmentes be most occupyed and be most diuerse in the fashion of fiue thinges in making of lawes and ordinaunces for their owne gouerment in making of battel peace of truce with forraine nations in prouiding of mony for the maintenance of themselues within thēselues defence of themselues against their enemies in choosing and election of the chiefe officers and magistrates and fiftly in the administration of iustice The first and thirde we haue shewed is doone by the prince in parliament The seconde and fourth by the prince himselfe The fift remaineth to be declared Of the three maners and formes of trialles or iudgementes in England CHAP. 5. By order and vsage of Englande there is three wayes and maners whereby absolute and definite iudgement is giuen by parliament which is the highest and most absolute by battle and by the great assise Triall or iudgement by parliament CHAP. 6. THe matter of giuing iudgement by parliament betweene priuate and priuate man or betweene the prince and any priuate man be it in matters criminall or ciuill for land or for heritage doth not differ frō thorder which I haue prescribed but it proceedeth by bill thrise read in ech house and assented to as I haue saide before and at the last day confirmed and allowed by the prince Howbeit such bils be seeldome receaued because that great counsell being enough occupyed with the publique affaires of the realme will not gladly intermedle it selfe with priuate quarels questions Triall of iudgement by battle CHAP. 7. THis is at this present not much vsed partly because of long time the Pope and the cleargie to whom in times past we were much subiect alwayes cryed against it as a thing damnable and vnlawful and partly because in all common wealthes as to the tongue so to the maners fashions habites yea and kindes of trials and iudgmentes and to all other thinges that is therein vsed time and space of yeares bringeth a chaunge But I could not yet learne that it was euer abrogated So that it remaineth in force whensoeuer it be demanded The maner of it is described in Briton The triall by affise or xij men first of the three partes which be necessary in iudgement CHAP. 8. THe two first iugdementes be absolute supreme and without appeale and so is also the iudgement by the great affise And because our manner of iudgementes in England is in