for establishing Religion and maintaining Peace and Quietness it was necessary there should be a lawful General or Provincial Council of Germany held within a Year And that no Delay nor Impediment might intervene That Ambassadours should be sent to the Emperour to pray him That he would look upon the Miserable and Tumultuous State of the Empire and come into Germany as soon as he could and procure a Council As to Religion and the Edict of Wormes it was concluded That in the mean while until either a General or National Council might be had all should so behave themselves in their several Provinces as that they might be able to render an Account of their Doings both to God and the Emperour Before the passing of that Decree the Elector of Saxony and Landgrave sent for the Deputies of Strasburg Norimberg and Ausburg and told them That because they perceived their Religion was dear unto them and that it plainly appeared what the Bishops and Papists drove at they were thinking Whether a League and Association might not be made for mutual Assistance in case any of them should be in Danger for their Religion and because they conceived good Hopes of those of Frankford and Vlm they did not refuse to communicate also with them To this the Deputies made answer That they had no Instructions from their Principals as to that but that they would carefully acquaint them therewith The Duke of Saxony had two Divines with him George Spalatine and John Islebe and the Landgrave had also brought his Preachers with him the rest of the Princes requested That they might not preach to prevent Disturbances but that was in vain Ferdinand also before the Decree was made having sent for the Deputies of all the Cities and represented to them the Kindness that he and his Predecessors of the House of Austria had always had for them exhorted them to be obedient to the Emperour and not to listen to the Counsels and Persuasions of some that would pervert them It was also decreed That Aid should be sent to the King of Hungary But by that time the Dyet was dissolved which was about the latter end of August the Turk having already entred Hungary overcame King Lewis in Battle who was also slain as he fled in the Pursuit All the Princes Electors except Brandenburg were present at the Dyet of Spire This Summer the Emperour married the Infanta Isabel Daughter to King Emanuel of Portugal and Sister to King John who succeeded to his Father At the same time the Dyet was held at Spire the twelve Cantons of the Switzers kept a Conference and Disputation at Baden thither came the chief Catholick Divines as Faber Eckius Munner and the Bishops of Constance Basil Coyre and Lausanne under whose Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction these Cantons were sent their Deputies Theses were published there which Eckius very confidently defended As that the real Body and Blood of Christ is present in the Eucharist That it is really offered for the Quick and the Dead That the Virgin Mary and the rest of the Saints are to be prayed to as Intercessours That the Images of Saints were not to be removed That there is a Fire of Purgatory after this Life Oecolampadius and some others impugned them Zuinglius was absent and wrote to the Switzers the Reasons why he did not come but confuted Eckius his Theses in Writing John Faber who was highly esteemed by the Bishop of Constance bearing great hatred to Zuinglius is reported to have put the Switzers upon this Match of Disputation and persuaded seven Cantons at first to which all the rest assented afterwards except Zurich to whom the rest sent both Letters and Messengers praying them That against the day appointed they would send thither their Deputies and especially Zuinglius who was one of the chief Men they wanted and to whom they gave a Safe-Conduct But he having some Reasons to move him and chiefly That he would not trust his Life with those of Lucerne Vri Switz Vnderwald and Zug besides his being forbidden by the Senate to go thither excepted against the Place appointed for the Dispute but was satisfied with Zurich Berne or San-Gall The Issue of the whole Debate was That all should continue in the Religion which hitherto they had observed and admit of no new Doctrins within their Territories but submit to the Authority of a Council This was done about the latter end of June But before this the Bishop of Constance had caused one John Huglie a Priest to be burnt at Merspurg because he disliked some things in the Popish Doctrin King Lewis being thus unfortunately killed Ferdinand contended That the Kingdom was his by Agreement but he had a Competitour John Sepsy Vaivode of Transilvania This competition bred a division among the Nobility and States that broke out into a War which proved fatal to Germany and the neighbouring People For the Emperour of the Turks afterwards took the Vaivode into his Protection and Buda being delivered up made him a King on condition That he should be Feudatary and hold of him The French King being returned home out of Spain where he left his two young Sons Francis and Henry Hostages gave it out That the Conditions of Peace which he had agreed unto were Unjust and that he would not stand to them After Ambassadours had been therefore sent to and fro the Pope and Venetians made a League with him whereof the chief Articles were That for the Defence and Security of Italy they should maintain an Army of thirty thousand Foot and about six thousand Horse That they should provide a Fleet of eight and twenty Galleys with Tenders That the Enemy being defeated in Lumbardy and Italy they should attack the Kingdom of Naples by Sea and Land That being conquered it should be annexed to the Patrimony of S. Peter and belong to the Church yet so as the King of France who pretended a Title thereunto should have seventy five thousand Crowns yearly paid out of it That the Honour and Dignity of the Family of Medices should be maintained in the State of Florence That the French King should give up the Dutchy of Milan to Francis Sforza whom the Imperialists had besieged in the Castle of Milan and forced to surrender and whom also he promised to assist with his own Aid and Switz-Forces and to give him a Wife of the Blood-Royal of France but upon this Condition That he should pay him fifty thousand Crowns yearly and maintain his Brother Maximilian who was Prisoner in France A little after Pope Clement wrote to the Emperour reckoning up the good Offices that he had done him That for his sake he had refused Advantagious Conditions offered him by the French King That when the King was taken he had upon a certain Condition advanced an hundred thousand Crowns to the Commanders of his Army That he had several times discovered unto him the Counsels
Prince Cassimire was appointed to raise Forces so and to post them that the Publick might receive no Damage in the mean while Afterwards the Electors wrote Letters and sent Ambassadours to the Emperour into Spain to acquaint him with all that had been done The chief of the Ambassie was Frederick Prince Palatine but in the mean time some Messengers were privately dispatched with the News of whom one is said to have posted from Frankford to Barcelona in nine Days time The Prince Palatine arrived about the latter end of November and delivered the Elector's Letters the summ whereof was That he would be pleased to accept of the Empire that was offered unto him and all Delay laid aside to come with all speed into Germany The Emperour made a Generous Answer by the Mouth of Mercurine Cattinario That though great Troubles seemed to be threatned on the one Hand from the Turks and on the other from the French yet he neither could nor would be wanting to their common Country especially when so great Princes made such a Judgment of him and required that at his Hands that therefore he accepted the Honour and Charge that was offered him and would put to Sea with the first Opportunity in order to his coming into Germany Much in the same Words also he wrote back to the Electors and so having nobly presented Prince Frederick he dismissed him Thus then was he made Emperour the Fifth of that Name at the Age of nineteen Years The French King was the more troubled at this Repulse that he knew his Affairs were thereby exposed to greater Danger for he had rather that any Man should have had that Dignity than Charles of Spain whose Power being already suspected by him he saw now by this means mightily encreased and confirmed He had been at vast Charges and very free of his Gold in making Friends to promote his Designs The same is said to have been done also by the Flemings but of this I dare not be positive But let us trace back a little the Genealogie of Charles Charles V of France called the Sage gave to his youngest Brother Philip the Dutchy of Burgundy that had fallen unto him Philip afterward married Margaret the only Daughter of Lewis Earl of Flanders and had by her a Son John to him was born Philip the Father of Charles the Hardy who being killed before Nancy left behind him a Daughter Mary the Heiress of vast Territories She at length was married to Maximilian the Son of the Emperour Frederick III and bore to him Philip who married Jane Daughter to Ferdinand King of Spain by whom he had Charles and Ferdinand the Infanta Jane being with Child went to Ghent and was there brought to Bed of Charles on February 24 1500. Here we must say somewhat by the by of Ferdinand the Emperour's Grand-Father by the Mother He was King of Arragon and Sicily and had in Marriage Isabel the Daughter and Heiress of John II King of Spain having afterwards obtained the Kingdom of Naples also Now the Children he had by her were John Isabel Jane Mary and Catharine John and Isabel dying without Issue the whole Succession of the Kingdom by the Laws of the Country fell to the next Sister Jane and by this means all the Inheritance of the Duke of Burgundy a most powerful Prince and of Ferdinand King of Spain descended to Charles the Son of Jane for in the Division of the Inheritance the Possessions of the House of Austria fell to Ferdinand So that for many Ages Germany had not had a more Powerful Emperour Charles lost his Father when he was a Child of six Years of Age and his Grand-father Ferdinand when he was about sixteen after whose Death he went into Spain and there continued till being chosen Emperour he came into Germany as shall be said hereafter And since we are now come to this Place it will not be amiss to say somewhat of the manner of chusing the Emperour Charles King of Bohemia and the fourth Emperour of that Name in the Year of our Lord 1356 made a Law concerning this which is called Bulla Aurea the Golden Bull These among others are the Heads of that Law That when the Emperour Dies the Archbishop of Ments so soon as he comes to know of it shall presently Summon the rest of the Electors to meet within three Months on a certain Day at Frankford or to send their Deputies with full Power and Commission for chusing the Emperour or King of the Romans That if the Archbishop of Mentz should be negligent his Colleagues nevertheless should meet within the time aforesaid accompanied with not above two hundred Horse a piece when they enter the Town and of them only fifty with Arms. He who neither comes nor sends his Deputy or departs before the Business is done is to lose his right of Election for that time That the Magistrates of Frankford be true and faithful to the Electors and during their Assembly suffer none besides the Electors and their Families to enter the Town When they are met they are to hear Mass in S. Bartholomew's Church for imploring the Assistance and Grace of the Holy Ghost and then take an Oath to be tendred unto them by the Archbishop of Mentz That they shall not act by vertue of any Compact Bribe Promise or Gratuity afterwards they are to fall to the Business and not depart before an Emperour be chosen that if the matter be protracted longer than thirty Days they shall have no Victuals but Bread and Water allowed them He who is chosen by the greater Part shall be in the same condition as if he had been elected nemine contradicente The Emperour being in this manner chosen the first thing he is to do is To confirm to the Electors all their Priviledges and whatever concerns their Dignity Honour Liberty and Immunity It is moreover provided and enacted that they mutually allow one another free Passage through their Territories what Place they are severally to have in the Dyets and Assemblies of the Empire how Votes are to be taken and what their several Places and Charges are when the Emperour Dines or does any thing else in publick Moreover that in the time of an interreign the Elector Palatine shall have the administration of the Government in Schwabia Franconia and the Circle of the Rhine and the Elector of Saxony in the Circle of Saxony that upon the death of an Elector his eldest Son or Brother-german shall succeed to him that if an Elector be under the Age of eighteen Years his nearest Kinsman by the Father's side shall supply his Place until he be of Age that the Electors meet yearly and consult of the Affairs of the Publick that Frankford be the Place of Election but Aix la Chapelle the Place of the first Instalment and Sclavonian Languages that they may be able to discourse with many Nations We spoke before of the Conditions
condemned all those who presumed to act contrary to this Decree and declared their Appeals invalid And not long after he Excommunicated Sigismund Duke of Austria for taking Cardinal Nicholas Cusanus Prisoner Sigismund Appeals from him to the Council and the Pope Excommunicates George Heinburg a Lawyer that drew up the Appeal as a Traytor and Heretick and writes to the Senate of Nuremberg to Banish him and Confiscate his Estate This Decree of his Julius II confirmed that he might defend himself against those Cardinals who had revolted from him against Kings and Princes and the Divines of Paris who often made use of such Appeals Pope Pius who was before called Aeneas Silvius was present at the Council of Basil and wrote the History of it wherein he highly commends the Decrees that were made there but at last being advanced to the Papacy he changed his Opinion and declared that the Council ought to be subject to the Pope Luther when he found himself condemned at Rome renews his former Appeal from the Pope to General Council And now since the Pope continues in his Tyranny and Impiety and proceeds so far as to condemn him neither called nor heard nor convict of Heresie he says he Appeals again from him to a General Council for these four Reasons Because he condemns him at pleasure without hearing the Controversie because he forbids him to hold Faith to be necessary in the Sacraments because he prefers his own Opinions and Fancies to the Holy Scriptures and for rendring all Councils useless Therefore he calls him rash and obstinate a Tyrant a proud Despiser of the Church and Antichrist himself and says he will prove all this whensoever it shall please his Superiors and for that reason desires the Emperour and other Magistrates that for the Glory of God and in defence of the Liberties of a General Council they would admit his Appeal that they would bridle the Tyranny of the Pope take no notice of his Bull nor do any thing in the business till the Cause be fairly heard and decided Before he appealed after this manner which was upon the Eighteenth day of November he had put out a Book concerning the Babylonish Captivity and in the Preface he says that he advances every day more and more in the Knowledge of the Scripture that formerly he had published a small Treatise concerning the Pope's Indulgences and that then he writ very modestly having a very great Veneration for the Roman Tyranny But that now he was of another Opinion and that being stirred up by the provocation of his Adversaries he had discovered that the See of Rome was nothing else but the Kingdom of Babylon and the Power of Nimrod the mighty Hunter Afterwards he disputes concerning the Sacraments of the Church and holds there are but Three Baptism Penance and the Lord's Supper And having discoursed concerning these he proceeds to consider the others also Confirmation Orders Matrimony and Extreme Vnction but he allows them not the Name or Title of a Sacrament and says that they are properly Sacraments which are Promises with Visible Signs annexed to them the others which have no Signs are bare Promises and therefore he thinks that Penance ought not to be reckoned in the number of Sacraments if we would speak properly because it wants a Visible Sign of Divine Institution Luther after he had heard of the Pope's Bull besides the Appeal we have been speaking of publishes a Book wherein he confirms and maintains all those opinions which Leo had condemned In the mean time the Emperour having setled all things in the Low-Countries appoints the Electors to meet him at Aix la Chapelle on the Sixth of October in order to his Coronation But at that time the Plague raged there very much therefore the Electors when they were arrived at Cologn about ten Miles from Aix la Chapelle and the report of the Plague encreased daily they writ to the Emperour being then at Louvain to desire him to chuse some other place for the Coronation But the Townsmen who had laid out a great deal of Money in trimming up their Houses and furnishing themselves with Provisions did by a proper Messenger assure him that there was no Danger The Emperour therefore persisted in his Resolution and declares That he cannot well alter the Order of Charles IV which appoints the Coronation to be there Therefore upon the 21 of October the Archbishops of Mentz Cologn and Triers with the Ambassadours of the Duke of Saxony and Marquess of Brandenburg arrive there for the Duke of Saxony himself by reason of his Ilness was forced to stay at Cologn The next Day they go out to meet the Emperour and when they came near him they alighted off their Horses and the Archbishop of Mentz made a Speech to him which he answered graciously by the Cardinal of Saltzburg And so joyning their Company together they marched towards the Town Before the Gate the Count Palatine meets him The Horse that accompanied the Electors were about a thousand six hundred some Archers and some with Lances those that attended upon the Emperour were about two thousand all bravely clothed John Duke of Cleve being a Neighbour had brought thither four hundred Horse very well armed who contended so long with those of Saxony about the Precedency that Night came on them before the whole Cavalcade which was the finest that ever was seen in Germany could enter the Town On each side the Emperour rode the Archbishops of Cologn and Mentz being followed by the Ambassadour of the King of Bohemia the Cardinals of Sedune Saltzburg and Croye and the Ambassadours of other Kings and Princes the Pope's only and the King 's of England were absent and that designedly lest by giving place to the Princes of Germany they might seem to diminish the Honour of their Masters The Emperour was brought into our Lady's Church where after he had made his Prayers he talked with the Electors apart and so went to his Lodging The next Day they met again at the Church but there was such a Croud of People that the Guard had much ado to keep them back In the middle of the Church there hangs a large Crown the Floor underneath was covered with rich Carpets where the Emperour for some time lay prostrate while the Archbishop of Cologn says certain Prayers over him After that is done he Archbishop of Mentz and Triers take him up and lead him to the High Altar Here he falls down again and having said his Prayers is lead to his Throne that was richly overlaid with Gold the Archbishop of Cologn begins Mass and having proceeded a little way he demands of him in Latin Whether he will keep the Catholick Faith defend the Church administer Justice and maintain the Dignity of the Empire protect the Widows and the Fatherless and such other distressed Persons and whether he will give due Honour to the Bishop of Rome When he has assented
to uphold and establish their own Tyranny He quoted about thirty of these places by which he shewed That he had just and sufficient Reasons to burn their Books Then he challenges them to produce but one good Reason to justifie their burning his Works But that so few or none had for some Ages past opposed the Power of Antichrist he says Therefore came to pass because the Scripture had foretold That he should vanquish all his Adversaries and be strengthened by the Alliance of Kings Since then the Prophets and Apostles have predicted such dreadful things one cannot but form to himself a very frightful Idea of his Cruelty That the Constitution of Sublunary things was such that out of the best Beginnings sometimes did arise the greatest Corruptions when he had proved this by some Examples he applies it to the City of Rome which being loaded with all the greatest Blessings of Heaven had wholly degenerated from what it was formerly and with its Poysonous Contagion infected a great part of the World That this Ordinance of the Popes was contrary to Law and all received Customs nor were the Usurpations of that Bishop any longer to be endured since he declined a fair Tryal and would not be bound up by any Decree or Judgment whatsoever In the former Book we told you how Silvester Prierias had wrote against Luther When this had been answered by him very sharply Ambrose Catarine an Italian took up the Cudgels and published a Book in Defence of the Pope's Supremacy To this Luther answers very fully and having expounded some places in Daniel he teaches That the Papal Tyranny was there painted out and that what he has foretold of the Kingdom of Antichrist was only truly applicable to the See of Rome This Catarine was afterwards made Archbishop of Cosenza THE HISTORY OF THE Reformation of the Church BOOK III. The CONTENTS The Emperour is prevailed with by Duke Frederick to write to Luther who relying upon his Majesty's Letter as upon a safe Conduct comes to Wormes there he undauntedly justified what he had written or taught in presence of the Emperour and a great Assembly of the Princes and constantly persevered therein though he was Curs'd and Excommunicated by the Pope in his Bull de Coena Domini threatned with Banishment by the Emperour and tamper'd with by the Princes severally to make him recant his Opinions The Council of Constance is proposed unto him from whence taking occasion he speaks of Wickliff John Huss and John Zischa a Bohemian The Divines of Paris condemn Luther's Books While a League is making betwixt the French King and the Swisse Zuinglius dissuades them from taking Pay or Pensions from any Prince to serve them in their Wars Luther being Outlawed by the Emperour's Proclamation retreats into a more private place The King of England also writes against him Pope Leo X dies and Adrian succeeds him Solyman the Magnificent is prosperous in Hungary The Emperour endeavours to suppress Seditions in Spain and makes a League with the King of England The Bishop of Constance Presecutes Zuinglius Troubles at Wittemberg The Anabaptists rise which gave occasion to the Diet of Norimberg Thither Pope Adrian sent his Brief and Legate Solyman takes Rhodes Zuinglius having set forth the Heads of his Doctrin is attack'd by the Papists but at length the Reformed Religion is received at Zurich WHile Duke Frederick waited upon the Emperour to the Diet of Wormes he procured a Promise of him that he would send for Luther and give him a publick Hearing Luther being informed of this by Letters from Duke Frederick towards the latter end of January wrote back an Answer expressing the great Satisfaction he had that the Emperour would be pleased to take the Cognizance of that Cause which was indeed a publick concern to himself and that for his part he would do all that he could with a safe Conscience and without prejudice to the Reformed Religion Wherefore he entreated the Prince that he would endeavour to obtain a safe Conduct for him that his Person might not be in danger That good and learned Men might be chosen with whom he should Dispute That he might not be condemned before he were convicted of Errour and Impiety That in the mean time his Adversaries might desist from that rage of theirs and not burn his Writings And that if for the future he should attempt any thing else for the glory of God and the discovery of Truth he might have the Emperour's leave to do it That so soon as the Emperour gave him a safe Conduct he would nt fail to come to Wormes and there so maintain his Cause before impartial Judges that all Men should be convinced that he had done nothing frowardly but all for the good of Christendom and chiefly that for the welfare of Germany he had been at this labour and pains in endeavouring to reclaim his Countrymen from many and most gross Errours to the purity of the Gospel and true Religion He moreover prayed that the Emperour and he would seriously reflect upon that dreadful bondage and miserable condition wherewith Christendom was oppressed by the Roman Papacy Wherefore the Emperour being sollicited by Duke Frederick wrote to Luther March the Sixth That since some Books had been published by him he had consulted with the Princes and was resolved to hear from himself Personally what he had to say That therefore he granted him free liberty to come and appear before him and afterwards to return home which that he might safely do he had engaged the Publick Faith as more fully appeared in the safe Conduct sent with his Letter He therefore commanded him forthwith to set out upon his Journey and not fail to be present in the space of One and twenty days That he should not fear any violence or injury for that he would take care that he should not suffer the least prejudice It hath been an old Custom with the Popes of Rome solemnly to Curse and Excommunicate some sorts of Men on Thursday in the Passion Week As first Hereticks next Pyrates then those who impose new Toll and Customs or exact such as are prohibited those who Falsifie or Counterfeit the Bulls and publick Instruments of the Court of Rome who supply the Turks and Saracens with Arms and other Counterband Goods who hinder the Importation of Corn to Rome who offer violence to any that follow and attend the Court of Rome who invade or damnifie the Possessions of the Church of Rome or Places thereunto adjoyning as namely the City of Rome Sicily Naples Sardinia Corsica Tuscany Spoleto Sabina Aucona Flaminia Campania Bolonia Ferrara Benevento Perugia and Avignon Some former Popes among Hereticks named the Garasians Pateronians the Poor Men of Lyons the Arnoldists Speronists Wicliffites Hussites and Fratricelli But Leo X this year clapt Luther and his Followers in with the rest and solemnly Curs'd them on Holy-Thursday This Bull is commonly called
not indeed for maintaining their Religion but for asserting their Rights and Liberties Thereupon presently they ran to Arms possessed themselves of the Towers and Gates and having placed Guards in proper Places kept Watch and Ward in the same manner as in a Camp when there is Danger from a neighbouring Enemy Next Day the Senate desired Time to consult referring the Matter to those who lately had been Intercessors The Citizens did not refuse that but in the mean time would have those they accused turned out and that they should prosecute their Suit at their own Private Charges but that for themselves who maintained the Cause of the Publick and of Posterity their Charges should be defrayed by the Publick The Senate granted these and some other slighter matters that thereby they might mitigate their Anger The same Day some of the Town's-People who had Orders to go the Rounds about the City and see that no Abuses were committed went into the Cathedral Church where one of them with his Pike pushed at the Image of a certain Saint which thereupon tumbled down and was broken This gave them an occasion to lay Hands afterwards on more but the Priests who were extreambly troubled at that interposing they that they might not go beyond their Commission departed without any further Quarrel When the Report of this was brought to the Market-place and made greater than indeed it was three hundred armed Men were forthwith sent to the Church to the assistance of their Brethren who were said to be hard put to it and in Danger But before they came the rest were gone However that they might do something for their coming they broke down all the Images they found there and so proceeding did the like in all the rest of the Churches Then some of the Senate came running to prevent any Tumult or Riot to whom the Citizens said What you have been consulting about any time these three Years whether you had best do it or not in one Hours time we have dispatched that there may be no difference among us hereafter about Images So that the Senate condescended to all they desired and twelve Senators were turned out but without Disgrace among whom were Henry Meltinger at that time Burgo-master and Lucius Zeigler Dean of Guield A Decree also passed That Mass should be abolished and Images broken down both in the City and abroad also in the Country throughout all their Jurisdiction That besides the Senate should for the future admit of two hundred and threescore of the Members of the City Companies to deliberate with them about those things which concerned the Glory of God and the Welfare of the State. When the Citizens had got those two Decrees made they joyfully returned home to their Houses and wreakt their Fury only upon the Images The third Day after which was Ashwednesday the Wooden Images were distributed among the Poor to be made use of for Fewel But they quarrelling and falling to Fisty-cuffs about dividing the Spoil it was thought fit to burn them publickly Wherefore there were nine Piles of them made before the Cathedral Church and burnt And so it happened That the very same Day on which the Papists used to sprinkle the People's Foreheads with Ashes to put them in Mind that they are but Dust and Ashes was a pleasant and joyful Day to the City because then the Images were reduced into Ashes February 12 the Common Council of the Companies which were mentioned approved the Acts of the Senate and the next day after an Oath was taken by all the Companies and then all quietly departed When the Cantons of Zurich Berne and Solothurn had Intelligence of these Stirs they presently sent Deputies to make Mediation but before they came all was over We made mention a little before of the Dyet of Spire which the Emperour appointed to meet in the beginning of February but it was not opened before the beginning of March The Princes and States made a great appearance there and the Elector of Saxony brought Melanchthon with him The first thing they fell upon was matter of Religion and after much Debate they made a Decree therein as shall be said hereafter Now the Drift of the Papists was to divide the Duke of Saxony and the other Princes from the Cities that they might not consult and joyn together in Design And because all the Cities were not of the same Judgment the Princes were about the Lord's Supper they were in good Hope they might accomplish their Desires but that was in vain as you shall hear hereafter King Ferdinand also and his Colleagues sent for the Deputies of some of the Cities separately April 5 and severely chid them for having made many Innovations contrary to the Emperour's Edict but then he exhorted them to comply and joyn in Opinion with the rest of the States lest through their Dissentions the Dyet might be dissolved They made answer That what Innovations they had made were no ways prejudicial to the Emperour that above all things they desired Concord would do any thing for the Emperour and did not refuse to submit to the Judgment of a lawful Council Zurich and Berne the two far most powerful Cantons of Switzerland being agreeed in Religion as we have said the Cantons of Lucerne Vri Vnderwalt Switz and Zug who above all others spighted that Doctrin made a League with King Ferdinand In the mean time Pope Clement April 23 sent John Tomaso of Mirandula to incite the Princes to the Turkish War and to tell them That though of late Years he himself had sustained great Losses nevertheless he promised Aid and that he would make it his endeavour that Peace being made betwixt the Emperour and French King a Council should forthwith commence that Germany might at length embrace the same Religion that other Provinces did The Council of the Empire we mentioned some Months before had been removed from Esling to Spire whither the City of Strasburg having sent their Deputy Daniel Meige to consult and act with the other Counsellours about the Affairs of the Publick he was not admitted to sit because the Strasburghers had lately abolished the Mass and would not stay till the Conclusion of the present Dyet This being known the rest of the Cities perceiving it to be a Precedent which concerned themselves also did mediate and demanded that the Custom of the Empire might be observed That though they might have done some things contrary to the Ceremonies and Rites of the Church yet ought they not therefore to be denyed their Right before the Controversie were determined in a Lawful Council especially seeing no such thing had hitherto been attempted nor had any Person been as yet in the least debarred from his Right in the publick Dyets of the Empire upon account of Religion Afterwards James Sturney Deputy for the City in that Dyet protested That if contrary to the Laws and Custom of the Empire they were in this
forbear associating themselves in so impious a War. Some of the Cities had so dealt with those of Zurich Bern and Basil that they promis'd not to refuse the League provided they might be admitted indefinitely without exception to any of their Opinions which John Frederick promis'd he would report unto his Father As to what was propounded about providing for their defence the Cities declare That they will give in their full Answer in relation to that business in the next Assembly at Franckfort and as to the creating a King of the Romans the Princes determine as before That they will not yield Obedience And since the Emperor had by his Letters commanded them to acknowledge Ferdinand for King of the Romans it was agreed that the Prince of Saxony should in the mean time draw up the Form of an Answer which should be produc'd in publick at Franckfort and that then the Cities likewise should declare their Sentiments about creating King Ferdinand The fourth of June is the day appointed for the Convention of Franckford In the mean time during their stay at Smalcalde they receive Letters from the Emperor to acquaint them that he is from all parts allarm'd with the news of the Turks design to invade Germany with a mighty Army his Commands therefore are that they contribute their Aids without any Exception They after the manner of their Ancestors do declare that they will not decline the sustaining any Charge or the doing any good Office which they owe to the Publick but that he himself must needs know what was the purport of the Elector of Brandenburg's Speech at the Diet of Auspurg which yet he himself did afterwards in some measure qualifie as likewise what was then and there decreed concerning the Imperial-Chamber that they then did make it their earnest request that he would by his authority set aside all actions that might be issu'd out from the Imperial-Chamber upon the score of Religion but being then not able to prevail they had some few months since renew'd their Requests both by their Letters and Embassadors but could obtain no other answer but what the Palatine Frederick had at length given their Embassadors viz. That 't was to no purpose for them to proceed or expect any farther but that he would at his own leisure consider what answer was fit to be made This they confess was much beside their expectation however they could not imagine but that some time or other something would have been offer'd by way of answer Now in that they are urg'd to contribute their assistance against the Turk before they have made their own Peace at home the World may easily judge how dangerous and inconsiderate an action it would be in them to part with their own Defences and as it were ham-string themselves in so difficult a juncture when they can hardly expect any thing at home but Confiscations and Violence For should actions be let loose upon them from the Exchequer upon the account of Religion who can doubt but this would be a direct act of violence they therefore again and again entreat him that he would come to some determination at last and afford them some peace and security by suspending all Exchequer actions till the time of a Council that they on their parts would to the utmost of their power endeavour to discharge their duty not only in this War against the Turks but also in all other concerns of the Publick Their farther request is that he would acquaint them by these Embassadors what his Resolutions are in this affair In the month of March Richard Archbishop of Triers departed this life whose authority among the Electors was very considerable both for his great experience in affairs and his endeavours after Liberty There was some suspition of Poison and one of his Domesticks being put to the Torture did by his hardiness and constancy escape the danger At the earnest request which those of Vlm did make to the Senate of Strasburg Bucer was sent unto them who by the help of Oecolampadius and Ambrose Blauret constituted Churches within their Territories and drew up for them a religious Form. About this time there came into the Netherlands Mary the Emperors own Sister whose Husband as we said before was Lewis King of Hungary She was by the Emperor substituted Governess of all those Provinces in the room of Margaret his Aunt lately deceased There was a Contest between Clement the Seventh and Alfonsus Duke of Ferrara about Regiun and Modena which by mutual consent they submitted to the Arbitration of the Emperor who being at this time in the Low Countries pronounces for the Duke of Ferrara The King of France on the 21 of April returns this answer to the Letters which were sent him from the Princes and Cities That there is nothing which he more heartily wishes for than the Peace of Europe and that he is not a little pleas'd to find their Inclinations that way and that to this end they desire a Council may be call'd which to him seems not only convenient but necessary For where ever mention is made of healing the Publick Breaches there 't is always his judgment that they cannot possibly lay a firmer Foundation for it than by calling in the Blessed Spirit that gracious discoverer of Truth to their assistance and would but the rest come to this Resolution was there but a place free from all danger or suspicion set apart for the Council where every one might have liberty to speak freely his Opinion and where no allowance should be giv'n to prejudice then indeed they might reasonably hope for a prosperous Issue As to the Concern they have lest he should be alienated from them by the false Criminations of their Adversaries they have no reason to fear for it had been his constant custom not to pronounce any thing rashly even against the Reputation of his Enemies But since there is so close and so ancient a Friendship between the Kings of France and the Princes of the Empire what a grand Barbarity would it be to entertain any sinister opinion against these his Friends and Allies before their Cause is heard Now how great a value he sets upon this ancient Alliance is visible from hence that ev'n when there is War between him and the Emperor the Germans and Citizens of the Empire have always found an open ingress into France and a regress from thence where they have the advantage of Trading as freely as if they were at home so that France may properly be call'd A Mansion of the Princes and Citizens of Germany These Priviledges are very well known and yet they are not so great but that he will take an opportunity much to enlarge them for their sakes especially if according to their Declaration they will stand to the Decrees of a religious and free Council For that the Controversie as they desire may be decided rather by Arguments than the Sword
thousand Soldiers who upon the approach of the Enemy gave notice to those in the City by several Messengers to fly with all speed to their assistance but such was the Expedition of the Enemy that they could not come in so opportunely to their Relief for having got upon the top of a Mountain over which they were to pass they beheld from thence their Friends in the Valley beneath very hardly press'd and in a dangerous condition having therefore encourag'd one another they made a confused descent from the Mountain the nature of which was such that they could not pass above one at a time Being therefore not able to draw up all their Forces they were over-whelm'd with multitudes and having lost many of their Men they at last turn'd their backs This happen'd upon the 11th day of October Among the number of the slain Zuinglius was found For the custom of Zurich is such that upon any Expedition the principal Minister of their Church goes out along with them Now Zuinglius who was in his own nature a very stout and couragious Man consider'd likewise with himself that if he should stay at home and the battel should go against them he must needs draw upon himself a great Odium for animating other Men by his Preaching and yet shrinking back himself in the time of danger he therefore resolv'd to run the common risque They us'd his dead body very barbarously which shew'd that their revenge could not be satisfy'd ev'n with his death He was aged 44 years being four years younger than Luther There was a Comet seen almost all the month of August and about that time died Lovice Mother to the King of France she was Sister by the Father's side to Charles Duke of Savoy Those of Bern who were to make War upon Vnderwalt having understood the misfortune send to encourage their Friends of Zurich and to promise their assistance assuring them that they will shortly be with them with all their Forces desiring that it might be left to them to revenge their Quarrel But when upon a meeting which was held about eight days after the battel they of Bern appear'd somewhat slack in performance the people of Zurich having receiv'd Aids from Basil Schaffhausen Suntgaw and Mulhausen draw out from their whole Body some select Troops who Marching out in the night do plant themselves in a Mountain near Memmingen that so they might be ready as soon as the Moon was up to make an effort and surprise on a suddain the City Zug But the Enemy who lay encampt not far off having notice of the Project flew to their Arms with all speed and marching before it was light came upon them unawares setting up mighty Shouts and Cries for the greater incussion of Terror This was upon the 20th of October Many were on both sides kill'd and though the five Cantons had the better of it yet those of Zurich would not in the least abate of their zeal for Religion At length a Peace being made up through the mediation of Friends this among other Articles was inserted That those of Zurich Bern and Basil should depart from that League which they had lately made with the City of Strasburg and the Lantgrave and that the five Cantons should do the same with Ferdinand And thus having drawn up Instruments which did mutually oblige them the Confederacy was on both sides dissolv'd Towards the end of November OEcolampadius departed this life He had conceiv'd an extraordinary grief at the death of Zuinglius which was thought to have heightned his Distemper there having been an intimate familiarity betwixt them He was aged 49 years There are some Exercitations of his extant upon the Prophets which are highly approv'd of by the Learned On the 19th of December the Protestant Embassadors met again at Frankfort and there came to an Agreement for a mutual Defence which was the only thing they wanted In this Convention those of Gossar Emberk and Embden were admitted into the League as those of Esling had been a little before But George Duke of Brandenburg was absent as were likewise the Embassadors of Nuremburg Camin and Heilsburg who though they profess'd the same Doctrin yet as we hinted before were averse to the League The Emperor leaving the Low-Countries in the beginning of January directed his Journey towards Ratisbon in order to hold a Diet there as we have said before Having in his way thither arrived at Mentz on the last day of January the Archbishop of Mentz and the Prince Palatine intercede with him again for Peace about which when he had permitted them to hold a Treaty they sent advise to the Duke of Saxony and the Lantgrave that they would likewise give their Concurrence Wherefore after some intercourse of Letters it was agreed that a Convention should be held in the beginning of April at Schwinfurt a Town of the Empire situated upon the Main Here they began to treat about establishing a Peace till the sitting of a Council The mediating Princes were there present themselves and by the Emperors Order laid before them these Injunctions That they should Innovate Teach and Publish nothing about Religion besides the Writing that was exhibited at Auspurg but should keep themselves within those bounds till such time as a Council should sit That they should not hold Communication with the Zuinglians or the Anabaptists lest under the pretext of Religion they should draw over to them and receive under their Protection the Subjects of another State. That they should not suffer any of their own Subjects to teach without the limits of their Dominions That they forbear all Reproaches and give no disturbance to the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction or to the Rites and Ceremonies of the Church That they Contribute their assistance against the Turks and that they be Obedient to those Decrees which respect the Publick Good and the administration of the Empire That they be Obedient to the Emperor and the King of the Romans and that they dissolve whatever League has been made against the Emperor the King or those States that are of a different Religion If they will comply in these things they hope that both the Emperor and the King will lay aside all Resentments that have been formerly occasion'd The Duke of Saxony being detain'd by Indisposition had sent thither John Frederick his Son there were likewise present Francis Duke of Lunenburg and Ainhault as likewise the Embassadors of the other Princes and Cities to whom were lately added the Cities of Nortingen and Hall and Suabe After things had been long debated the Mediating Princes dispatch'd in writing all the Transactions to the Emperor who was holding his Diet at Ratisbone to the end that they might understand what his Pleasure was As to that Proposition which requir'd that the Duke of Saxony and his Allies should yield Obedience to the King of the Romans they commit to writing and deliver to the Mediators upon the
of any Bargain Gift Reward or Promise Now the reason that the two Brothers of Bavaria were inserted in the number is this They among the rest had oppos'd the Election of King Ferdinand and having communicated their Counsels with the Duke of Saxony the Lantgrave and the King of France they enter'd into the League for the defence of the Liberties of Germany And the King of France had deposited 100000 Crowns in the hands of the two Brothers that they might be in a readiness when occasion would serve The Mediating Princes upon the 20th of April return an Answer to those things which we have recited That 't is for the sake of Peace and Concord that they negotiate this Affair nor could they think that such things as these would have been propounded by them Now that a King of the Romans should be chosen whilst the Emperor is in being they have many weighty Reasons to urge which reasons have been formerly made use of to John Frederick who was then his Fathers Embassador and should now if the matter so requir'd be more copiously explain'd But since they are not alone concern'd in this business but likewise the Emperor the King and the other Princes their Colleagues they will not debate this Point any longer but leave it undecided that so they may come with greater ease to the accommodating of other things as the occasion of this Assembly does require However if it be expected that they should give them and their Allies a reason for what they do they will not decline the trial and they question not but they shall back their Cause with such Proofs as will not admit of any Exception But now if an account of these things should be brought to the Emperor they are very much afraid that they will be so far from taking any place there that they will rather prove an occasion of interrupting at least this Pacifick Treaty if not of wholly taking it away To the end therefore that a Truce and Reconciliation may be brought about as well in relation to the matter of Religion as to that of the Election and that there may not be a separation between those two Points they earnestly intreat the two Princes of Saxony the Father and Son that they will have some regard to themselves in this Affair and depart from their Resolution For then they have reason to hope that both the Emperor and King will abundantly take care that this Election shall never be prejudicial either to them or their Heirs Nay they doubt not but they will lay aside all Resentment and afford their Favour to them all especially to the Duke of Saxony in promoting that business which he now solicits and ev'n in the Cause of Religion as far as 't is possible to be done For they are very much afraid that he cannot be prevail'd with to grant them a Peace as to matters of Religion whilst the Point of Election remains undecided As for their parts 't is out of Love and Friendship that they give this advice and do intreat them so to accept it and that they would so manage themselves that they at length may see that this their Intercession was not without it's weight nor their Diligence imploy'd to no purpose Four days after John Frederick the Prince made them this return viz. That he had not expected from them such an Answer as this for in that they had among other things affirm'd That 't was for the Safety and Dignity of the Empire that a King of the Romans should be created he is under a necessity of giving an Answer to this as well in the Name of his Father as the other Associates whose perswasion it is that this Election is irregular and not at all for the Welfare of the Empire Now since they sustain the Character of Arbitrators he greatly hop'd that they would not have defended this Cause but have propounded it as a doubtful and controverted Point For as to the other things mentioned by them they do not properly belong to Arbitrators but ought to be referr'd to such a time when they may fall under a common deliberation Indeed when at Cologne the Emperor desir'd that his Brother Ferdinand should be admitted into a Partnership of the Empire there were some Reasons offer'd for the doing of it but they were not of such weight that for their sakes the Caroline Law together with the Rights and Liberty of the Empire should be violated that at the same time He together with the rest of his Father's Embassadors gave in their Reasons by way of Answer why it ought not to be done He therefore now again repeats what he said before that if the Emperor would not admit of these their Propositions then the Cause may come to be discuss'd in a fair Trial that so the reasons of their Descent may be known Now since 't is their part to act equally and impartially he did imagine that being Arbitrators in other matters they would likewise in this Controversie find out some honest Expedient which might be for the advantage of the Empire but since nothing of this is done he will not urge them any further As for his Father and his Confederates they will undoubtedly make it evident without injuring any Man how great a Breach this is upon the Laws and Liberty of the Empire and that they are not to be blamed if any inconvenience arises from thence He hopes likewise that since these things concern the Honour and Safety of the Empire the Emperor will not take it unkindly Among the other Propositions the first which belongs to that head in which the Zuinglians are concern'd has this tendency viz. to hinder the Princes from confederating with a number of Cities and so indeed the Umpires did in their debate explain it That if the Zuinglians would confess and forsake their Error then they should be included in the Peace but if otherwise then they were to be deserted no assistance to be afforded them nor any League to be made with them But last year at Smalcalde there happen'd to be a good understanding between the Protestants for when those of Strasburg together with some Cities of Schwaben had made a fuller explication of their Doctrin about the Lord's Supper which before had only been propounded in the Diet at Auspurg this their Interpretation was accepted of by the Saxons Being therefore now unanimous they all of them return the same Answer to the former Propositions and agree at last to lay down these conditions of Agreement That they who have exhibited a Confession of their Doctrin and an Apology for the same at Auspurg as likewise those who hereafter shall receive the same Doctrin shall keep themselves within those bounds and shall make no further Innovations till such time as a Council shall sit which has so often been promis'd and agreed upon that they shall not joyn themselves as to the Doctrinal part
Magistrates along with him when they were all met he pulls off his Cloke and throws it upon the ground together with the New-Testament and making these as it were Symbols of his sincerity he protests and swears That the Doctrin he had publish'd was reveal'd to him from Heaven and therefore threatens them on a terrible manner that God would never bless them if they did not consent At last they agree upon the Point and the Doctors do nothing but harangue upon Matrimony in their Pulpits for three days together Soon after he marrieth no less than three Wives one of which was the Woman I mention'd before the Relict of the famous Prophet John Mathews His Example was so well followed that they accounted the Repetition of Matrimony before they were Widowers a very commendable thing But some of the Citizens who were very much dissatisfy'd with this way giving a signal about the Town call'd all those who adher'd to the Doctrin of the Gospel into the Market-Place when they had done this they apprehend the Prophet and Knipperdoling and all the Teachers of that Perswasion When the Mobile understood this they immediately betake themselves to their Arms Rescue the Captives by force and murther about fifty of the other Party with great barbarity For they tied them to Trees and Stakes and then shot them the chief Prophet applauding their Cruelty and telling them That if they intended to do acceptable Service to God they ought to be the first in discharging at them others were killed after another manner Upon the 23d of June another Prophet starts up who was a Goldsmith who after he had conven'd the Rabble into the Market-Place tells them That it was the Will and Command of the heavenly Father that John of Leyden should be Vniversal Monarch of the World Thaâ— he should March out with a most powerful Army and slay all Kings and Princes without distinction giving Quarter to none but the Multitude who were Lovers of Justice That he should possess the Seat of his Father David till the Father requir'd him to Resign his Kingdom For now the Wicked were to be destroy'd and the Righteous to begin their Reign upon the Earth These words being spoken aloud presently John of Leyden falls upon his Knees lifting up his hands to Heaven Men and Brethren saies he I have been assur'd of this Truth a great while since yet I was not willing to divulge it my self and now you see to make it the more unquestionable the Father has made use of the Testimony of another Upon this being chosen King he immediately dissolves the Duodecimvirate and according to the custom of other Princes makes choice of some Noblemen for his own Service He likewise orders two Crowns a Scabbard a Chain and Scepter and such other Regal Ornaments to be made for him forthwith of the best Gold. Then he appoints certain days in which he would give a Publick Hearing to all those who had a mind to address themselves to him As often as he appear'd abroad he was attended with his Officers and Lords of his Houshold Two young Men rid immediately behind him He on the right hand carried a Crown and a Bible the other a drawn Sword. His principal Wife appear'd in the same State for we are to observe he had several Wives at the same time In the Market-Place there was a high Throne erected for him cover'd with Cloth of Gold. The Causes and Complaints which were brought before him usually related to Matrimony and Divorces than which nothing was more frequent insomuch that some who had liv'd together many years were then separated Now it happen'd that when the People press'd to hear Causes and stood very close in the Market-Place Knipperdoling springs out of a sudden and climbing the Crowd runs upon their Heads on his Hands and Knees and breathing in their Faces The Father saies he to each of them has sanctified thee receive the Holy Ghost Another day he leads up a dance before the King This is my custom saies he sometimes with my Concubine but now the Father has commanded me to do it in the Kings Presence But when he over-acted his part and would not give over his Majesty of Leyden took pet and went away As soon as he was gone Knipperdoling mounts the Throne and sets up for King himself but his Majesty coming by tumbles the Fellow down and lays him in Limbo for three days During the Siege these Anabaptists write a Book and publish it which they call The Restitution In this Book among other things they affirm That the Kingdom of Christ is to Commence in such a manner before the last Judgment that the Godly and the Elect shall Reign the Wicked being every where destroy'd They affirm likewise That it 's lawful for the People to turn the Magistrates out of their Office that though the Apostles had no Authority to Challenge such a Jurisdiction yet those who are the present Ministers of the Church ought to take the Sword into their own hands and new-mould the Commonwealth by force To this they added That no Person who was not a true Christian ought to be tolerated in the Church farther That no Body could be saved unless they resigned all their Fortune to the Publick Use without reserving any Property to themselves Luther and the Pope they said were false Prophets but Luther worse than the other Lastly That the Marriage of those who were not enlightned with true Faith was polluted and impure and to be accounted Fornication or rather Adultery more than any thing else These Tenents of theirs were principally oppos'd by Melancthon Justus Menius and Vrbanus Regius who publish'd very large and satisfactory Treatises upon this Subject Some few weeks after the new Prophet I mention'd before sounds a Trumpet through all the Streets and commands them to meet armed at the Porch of the Cathedral for the Enemy was to be beaten off the Town When they came to the place of Randevouz they found a Supper prepared They are ordered to sit down being about four thousand of them afterwards about a thousand others sit down who were upon Duty while the first number were at Supper The King and the Queen with their Houshold-Servants wait at the Table After they had eaten and Supper was almost done the King himself gives every one a piece of Bread with these words Take eat shew forth the Lord's death The Queen in like manner giving them a Cup Bids them shew forth the Lord's death when this was over the Prophet before-mention'd gets into the Pulpit and asks them If they would obey the Word of God When they all told him Yes It is the Command of the heavenly Father saies he that we should send out about eight and twenty Teachers of the Word who are to go to the four Quarters of the World and Publish the Doctrin which is received in this City Then he repeats the Names of his Missionaries
the Chapter chosen to succeed in his place but the Elector of Saxony pretended that the Chapter had no Right to do so without his Consent and therefore in exclusion to Pflug he substituted Nicholas Amstorff a Divine of Wittemberg of a noble Family in his place whom in the Month of January Luther installed and afterwards published a Book in the vulgar Tongue wherein he asserted That the Flock of Christ was not to be committed to Pflug as being an Enemy to the pure Doctrine of the Gospel Pflug being in this manner rejected made a publick Appeal to the States of the Empire wherein he justified his Right and complained of the Wrong that was done him The Elector on the other hand answered the Writing of Pflug and having enlarged much upon the Right of the House of Saxony which he proved by ancient Precedents amongst other Reasons why he could not admit of him as Bishop he alledged this also That he openly opposed the Augustane Confession After the Overthrow in Hungary which we mentioned before a Diet was called by King Ferdinand in the Emperor's Name to begin at Spire in the Month of January wherein the Emperor appointed his Brother King Ferdinand to preside in his Name and gave him for Assistants Hugh Count of Monfort and John Naves The Princes who appeared there were the Elector of Brandenburg Frederick Prince Palatine Albert Duke of Meckleburg Ernest Marquess of Baden the Bishops of Mentz Wormes Spire Constance and Heildesseim The rest sent Deputies thither When they came to a Session which was the Ninth Day of February King Ferdinand in the Emperor's Absence opened the Diet by a Speech as is customary telling them That it was known to all how great Diligence and Care the Emperor had used both that Religion might be setled and the Government entirely established But that when Differences would not be wholly adjusted in the former Diet his imperial Majesty for weighty Reasons went from Germany into Italy where having treated with the Pope about a Council and the Turkish War he prevailed so far at length that his Holiness had promised to send a Legate to this Diet that he went afterwards with a Fleet into Barbary that having taken Algiers which was in the Enemies Hands and which did great damage to Spain and his other Provinces he might obtain a competent aid from his Subjects against the Turk after he had removed the Danger and secured the Sea Coast but that being by a Storm prevented from effecting what he had proposed he returned to Spain that he might again prepare himself to make War against the Turk both by Sea and Land. And that because the Turk had lately made himself Master of Buda the chief City of Hungary and of the Town of Pest over against it into which he had put Garrisons he had called this Diet to advise what was fitting to be done That seeing the Turk had left in those two places all the great Guns which he had either brought with him or taken from the Christians there was no doubt but he would come back again in the Summer time that he might not only take the remaining part of Hungary but also invade all the Provinces bordering upon Germany For that since Buda was taken and all other Passes laid open there was nothing now that could stop or divert him That therefore these were weighty and necessary Matters to be now consulted about at which Consultations the Emperor would willingly have been present but that being hindred by time he had committed that care to him who though the State of his own Religion did chiefly require his Presence yet was resolved not to desert the publick at such a Pinch Having made this preamble he declared to them what the Austrians Hungarians Bohemians and the Neighbouring People nay and what the Church Men of his Dominions would contribute to this War praying and exhorting them to do the like for that the Danger stared all Men in the Face and the condition of Affairs was now such that either the Enemy was to be driven out of Hungary or all were to expect and soon after undergo the extremity of Miseries After the Diet of Ratisbone John Gropper Deputy from the Archbishop of Cologne being returned Home mightily commended Bucer saying That of all Men he was the â—ittest to be intrusted with the Reformation of Religion for that he was both very Learned a lover of Peace and of a good and upright Life Wherefore the Bishop who knew Bucer before and had thoughts of employing him sent him word that he had a desire to speak with him Bucer therefore going this Year in the Month of February to Cologne was most courteously received and particularly by Gropper who had prevailed with him to come thither from Bonn. So after some conversation with the Bishop he gave him leave to be gone upon condition that when he should be sent for at another time he would come back again as shall be said hereafter About this time also King Henry of England cut off the Head of his Queen Catharine Howard for that having Married her for a Virgin he found that she had been defloured before He that defloured her had got some place in Ireland but being recalled by her when she was Queen and taken into her Family he was also Beheaded after her as some others were partly for the same Crime and partly for concealing it When she was out of the way the King married a Sixth Wife the Lady Catharine Parr The French King sent an Ambassy to the Diet at Spire and Francis Oliver Chancellor of Alenzon was the chief person in it who in a full Assembly of all the States when they were consulting about the Turkish War February the Fourteenth spoke to this purpose That he needed not use many words to plead for a favourable hearing at their Hands since all understood how well affected the King his Master stood towards the Interests and Welfare of Germany that what he had to say also was of so great moment that he doubted not but they would willingly listen to the King's Counsel and Proposals Seeing that when the Diet of Ratisbone was busie in Accommodating the Difference of Religion News being brought That the Turk was preparing to Invade Hungary with a vast Army the King had forthwith sent Ambassadors to the Grand Seignior to avert if he could the War from Hungary for the sake of Germany which lay next to it but that his Ambassadors had been apprehended by the Emperor's Soldiers and that it was as yet uncertain whether they had been kill'd or were still alive whereby not only the Truce but the Law of Nations was also violated Now that they were sent for that Cause the King would make it out by the very Letters and Instructions which were then intercepted by the Imperialists That afterward a false Report had been spread abroad as if the King had called in
the Turk when it was publickly known that they who were straitly Besieged in Buda had implored Aid from the Port That not long after the taking of the Ambassadors the overthrow of Hungary came to be divulged at which News the King was extreamly troubled and being informed that Resolutions were to be taken in this Diet of sending Succours into Hungary and for curbing the Fury of the Turks his Majesty could not but declare his thoughts to them in so weighty a concern That therefore if his Discourse should prove somewhat long he begg'd their patience for that all which was of the cause would not be briefly comprehended in any Speech though never so Eloquent and Elaborate That the first point to be considered then was Whether or not it would be profitable not only to Germany but to all Christendom also that they should make War against the Turk for the better understanding whereof he would take notice of the Arguments of those who did advise the War And that the Reasons most commonly alledged were That the Germans had always been and were still accounted valiant Defenders not only of their own Liberty but of that of their Neighbours also And that therefore it was not to be suffered that the barbarous and cruel Turk the common and perpetual Enemy of all Christendom being drunk with Prosperity and Success should make himself Master of Hungary a most flourishing Kingdom and the comport of Germany but that he was to be attacked with all their Force and Courage not doubting of Victory since by base and wicked ways and not by lawful Succession nor Right he had so far inlarged his Empire And that though his Dominions were of a vast extent yet he might be overcome and was not so Invincible as many did believe which was apparent enough not only by those great Exploits which John Hunniades Matthias King of Hungary Scanderbeg Prince of Epirus and Tamberlain Emperor of the Tartars had successfully atchieved against him but also by what they themselves of late years had done when they drove him away and made him raise the Siege of Vienna That the Turks differed from the Germans in their way of making War for that these by Robbing and like a flying Flame wasted and destroyed Countries where-ever they came whereas the Germans either by fighting couragiously put the Enemy to flight or by Blood and Wounds procured to themselves an honourable Death That therefore since the Enemy was at the very Door of Germany a War was necessarily be to undertaken and no longer delay made That these and the like were the Reasons urged by those who promoted a War but that they did not rightly consider the State of Germany when they spoke and urged so as if Germany were united at Home when in the mean time it was full of Divisions and Animosities and nothing but Hatred Enmity and Dissension amongst the Princes That it ought then to be considered what Germany was able to bear how great and dangerous a War that was like to prove against an Enemy who in all the World could not be matched for Power nor the necessary Materials of War For that a Battle or two would not put an end to the Quarrel but there would be need of fresh Supplies of Soldiers with a vast and constant Charge to continue the War. That though the Forces of Germany were indeed very great and its strength almost incredible yet so great Wealth and Power was not rashly to be squandered away but rather that they ought to wait for a better Occasion and delay till Princes agreeing among themselves the Power of Christendom might be enlarged and strengthened with more Recruits That the Battle fought by the Emperor Sigismund at Nigeboli and many other overthrows received to the present times ought to be a warning to them not to undertake any thing unadvisedly That no War wherein he was not the Aggressor had ever hitherto succeeded That without doubt Buda and Pest were so well provided of all things necessary that unless the Garrisons should be starved out there was no Hopes of recovering them but that these were uncertain Hopes too and that besides the Turk would every Foot bring a new Army and fresh Forces and so Harrass and break the German Soldiers already tired out and weakened by a long Siege as that he might easily put in Provisions into the place That again if they should bring it to a deciding Battle and he get the better of the Day it would be very hard for the Germans to reinforce their Army nor could that be so soon done neither but that he would advance into the very Heart of Germany and carry all before him That Germany also being by frequent Wars drained of its Soldiery had need of Peace and Quietness to recruit and recover strength again and that all Men knew what stress was to be laid upon the Hungarians for who were more fickle and inconstant than they Who made nothing of changing their Masters and entertained such rancour in their minds against the Germans that they preferred the Turkish Government far before theirs That therefore it would be much better to Fortifie it out of Hand and put strong Garrisons into the Frontier Castles and Towns that lie betwixt Austria and Hungary That the same should be done in Bohemia and every where else where there was occasion That it was safer to do so than without any strong hold behind their Backs to carry on a War and endeavour to take from the Turk the places he held in attempting whereof the least miscarriage would prove an infinite prejudice to Christendom But that if he should begin and make War against Germany first that then their whole Forces should be drawn out into the Field For that it was the ancient and peculiar Glory of Germany that as they never enlarged their Borders by doing wrong to others so likewise they valiantly beat off the danger and stoutly defended their own Liberty That this praise was by all means to be transmitted to their Posterity an invading Enemy was manfully to be withstood and not rashly believed if after declaring of War he should perchance offer Conditions of Peace For that it was natural to those who proposed to themselves Rule and Dominion that they knew not how to set bounds to their Ambition That therefore when matters should begin to look as if Force and Hostility were threatened then with all diligence preparations should be made for a defence for that so it would come to pass that either he would desist or if he proceeded learn to his own loss how much it was easier and more honest to maintain ones own Liberty than wrongfully to invade another's Dominion but that because it would be very difficult for them to make Head against such an Enemy whether they were upon the offensive or defensive part nothing could be more requisite than that the domestick Grudges and Dissenssions of Germany should be removed That they had
Emperor could not make use of Albert's Service witout increasing the suspition which was then in Germany That this would be a very great affliction to him who desired nothing more than the Peace and Tranquillity of the Empire In the beginning of August Augustus the Brother of Maurice returned out of Denmark a few days after having consulted with his Council he caused his Subjects and amongst them those of Wirtemberg to take an Oath of Allegiance to himself and his Heirs-Male and that if he had no Male-Issue that then they should return under the Subjection of John Frederick and his Sons if he were obedient to the Emperor and observ'd the Treaties made some years since but if he did otherwise then they were to admit the Landgrave This being thus done he was proclaimed Electoral Prince and summoned a Diet of his States to meet the Twentieth of August The Seventeenth Day of August there was a very great Earthquake at Meissen in Misnia At the Day appointed the States assembled and a numerous Diet was opened at Leypsick Augustus proposed to their consideration in the first place Whether they would enter into his late Brother's League with King Ferdinand the Princes and Bishops and prosecute the War against Albert. Secondly What should be done in order to a Peace with John Frederick the late Elector because in the absence of Augustus that Prince had sent Ambassadors to the Great Men and demanded to be restored to the Electoral Dignity and to his Possessions which had been taken from him by the Emperor and conferred upon Maurice After Deliberation the States gave Answer That they were of Opinion that he should make a Peace with both Parties and that Albert the Elector of Brandenburg should be induced to enter into a Treaty of Peace and to that purpose there passed an Act of State though Ferdinand King of Bohemia very diligently sollicited them by Henry Plaw his Chancellor to continue in the late League To this Convention John Frederick sent another Ambassy and demanded to be restored to his Inheritance with some sharpness of Words and it was seconded also by those which were his Subjects in this Assembly but it had no effect Augustus pretending that he was not obliged to a Restitution and adhering to the Articles and Agreements made by John Frederick with the Emperor when he was taken Prisoner yet he said he would consent to a Continuance of the Claim and not reject all Treaty thereupon During this Convention of the States Henry Duke of Brunswick desired the Aid of Augustus Duke of Saxony against Albert who was then levying new Forces So soon as ever John Frederick heard of the Death of Maurice he sent John William one of his Sons to the Emperor into the Low Countries to sollicite his Restitution and almost at the same time the Nobility and States in the absence of Augustus sent Ambassadors to recommend him to the Emperor John Frederick at the same time also sent Ambassadors to Ferdinand and to the King of Denmark about the same Affair In the mean time the Bishop of Wurtzburg besieged Schweinfurt which had been Garrison'd by Albert as I have said above and the Forces of the Bishop of Bamberg and of the City of Norimberg when they had sometime besieged Collebach levied the Siege and joyned with the Count of Plaw who then lay before Hosie a Town belonging to the Elector of Brandenburg In this Month Nine Persons were condemned to be burnt at Lyons some of them having been imprison'd above a year There were Questions proposed to them one by one concerning the Presence of Christ's Body in the Eucharist Purgatory the Mass Auricular Confession the Ceremonies of the Church Invocation of the Virgin Mary and the Saints the Primacy of the Pope of Rome Free-Will Justification by Works concerning the Church the Power of the Bishops the Monastick Vows the Choice of Meats Extream Unction Confirmation and Images They all of them severally made the same Answers to every one of these Questions with great constancy alledging for what they said the Testimony of the Scriptures Whilst they were yet in Prison they comforted one another by their Letters and they sent others to their Friends and to the Neighbour-Churches wherein they gave an Account of what had happened One of these Prisoners Lewis Marsac a Souldier reciting several Passages out of the Sacred Scriptures the Inquisitors who examin'd him asked him if it were fit for him to read the Scriptures and how he knew these things were in the Gospels The King's Lieutenant also said there were only two Evangelists Matthew and John the other two and Paul pick'd up a few Scraps or ends of the Story and patch'd them together He said also That if the Doctors of the Church had not given Authority to the Writings of St. Paul he should not have regarded his Epistles more than he did Aesop's Fables When on the other side Marsac replied That there were very excellent Testimonies in the Scriptures concerning the Vocation and Apostleship of St. Paul especially in the 1st Chapter of the Epistle to the Galatians He replied That is nothing to the purpose for he bears witness to himself The Executioner had order to put an halter about the Neck of each of the Prisoners when they were carried to Execution but Marsac having served the Crown as a Souldier the Judges had ordered he should be led without that Mark of Disgrace But Marsac turning to the principal Judge said Is their Cause better than mine I Pray Sir why do you not bestow the same Chain upon me Why should not I too be admitted into the Fellowship of this Noble and Illustrious Order of Knights Alluding to the Custom used by Princes who to honour and exalt their particular Friends admit them into their Order as they call it and give them a Chain or Collar of Gold as an honourable Badge of it Five of these who were Frenchmen had been Students in the University of Lausanne where they had been maintained by the Canton of Bern in which that City stands and when they heard these Students were taken up and in great danger the Canton sent a Memorial to the King and desired these Students might be returned to them But the King disappointed them in this pretending that by Law he could not do so It is thought the Cardinal of Tournon blew the Coles in this Affair We have already spoken of the Death of that Illustrious Prince Edward the Sixth King of England He had before been consumptive and in the beginning of January he fell sick His Disease increasing he became very sollicitous for his Kingdom and the State of Religion and began to consult his more intimate Friends Who was the fittest Person to suceed him For though his Father had by his last Testament made Mary and Elizabeth his two Sisters his Heirs as we have above related yet because now he was come to somewhat a more advanced Age
Emperor's Lieutenant was marching towards them with his Forces and that it would be very difficult to defend it they Plundered the Place and in good time marched away laden with the Spoils of it Not long after this an account was given from Venice and other places that Solyman Emperor of the Turks had caused Mustapha his eldest Son to be Strangled upon a suspition of Treason and Disloyalty towards him The report was very strong that a second Wife of Solyman's had put him upon this Murther in order to the advancement of her own Son which she desired might succeed his Father in the Empire I have already given an account of the Commitment of the Archbishop of Canterbury he and the Lady Jane with three Sons of the Duke of Northumberland were brought to Tryal in the Month of November for Rebellion and Treason and found Guilty But according to the custom of that Kingdom they were remanded to Prison and upon the Intercession of some on their behalf they were reprieved Sebastian Schertilingen whom I have often mentioned upon whose Head and Life the Emperor had set a Price as I have said in my twenty fourth Book was about this time reconciled to the Emperor and Ferdinand his Brother and recovered his Estate again At the Sollicitation of the Bishops and their Confederates the Judges of the Imperial Chamber in the usual form Proscribed Albert of Brandenburg the first of December as a disturber of the publick Peace and of the Empire and sending their Letters to all Parts to be publickly affixed exposed his Life and Fortunes to the will of any Man that would make a Prey of them In the Interim Henry Duke of Brunswick having left Count Plaw to carry on the Siege of Blasseburg he marched the sixth of December with his Forces to Schweinfurt which is a City of Franconia seated upon the Mayn which Albert then held with a strong Garrison The Forerunners of Henry's Army was a reinforcement of Soldiers sent from Norimberg and Forcheim But Albert foreseeing this Siege had before-hand carried into the City whatever Victuals could be found in the Neighbourhood and then had burnt down all Houses near it that he might make it impossible to carry on a Siege against it in that dead time of the Year So not being able to effect any thing and having also lost some of his Men in a Sally which Albert made out of the City this General was soon forced to retire and marching with a small Retinue he passed through the Territories of John Frederick Duke of Saxony without doing him any Dammage in his return Home When Albert heard that he was Proscribed he appealed to the Emperor and beseeched him to reverse the Sentence But the Emperor said he ought not to hinder the Execution or Administration of Justice Whereupon Albert refused to submit to their Judgment pretending it was obtained by Purchase and Bribery and soon after published a Protestation or Remonstrance against it The Chamber in the mean time commanded the neighbouring Provinces of the Empire to put this Decree in Execution The tenth of October a Parliament was begun in England which sate till the sixth of December and then was dissolved in which all the Laws of Edward the sixth concerning the Lord's Supper the Ceremonies of the Church and the Administration of the Sacraments the Marriage of the Clergy the Election of Bishops the Ordination of Ministers and the publick Liturgy and all other things of that Nature were repeal'd and all things pertaining to Religion were reduced to the same State they were left in when King Henry the eighth died That no disturbance should be given to those Priests and Ministers of the Church which should hereafter be Licensed the Divorce of Catherine the Mother of Queen Mary was declared Illegal There was also a Proposition of the Marriage of the Queen to Prince Philip the eldest Son of the Emperor made to the Lords of the upper House for the obtaining their Approbation There had before been a Fame spread that he was to Marry his Cousin-German the Daughter of Emmanuel King of Portugal and of Elenora his Queen This Marriage with Queen Mary of England being at last agreed after the rising of the Parliament which opposed it the Emperor sent for Cardinal Pool to him out of Germany where till then he he had detained him as I said before This Procedure caused a Report That Pool being descended of the Royal Family and much esteemed by the English Nation It was suspected he might have possibly put some stop to this Marriage There were also other Bishops ordained in the Sees of those whom I have mentioned to be Imprisoned about this time The Emperor also sent a very splendid Embassie into England for the Solemnization of the Marriage between Prince Philip who was absent and Queen Mary the principal Person in which was Count Egmondt They arriving in London in the beginning of January after a Treaty of some few days Continuance concluded this Affair The People were much enraged against this Match and some of the Nobility having Communicated their Counsels to each other broke out into a Rebellion the Principal Leader in which was one Sir Thomas Wiat he raising an Insurrection in Kent caused grievous and sharp Sermons to be Preached against the Queen and her Council as designing by this forreign Match to involve England in a perpetual and most wretched Slavery and also that she had extinguished the true Religion and restored the Roman-Catholick again Kent is one of the most Eastern Counties of England ennobled by the City of Canterbury and lying upon the Streights of Calais over against France The report of this Commotion coming to London the twenty fifth day of January there came soon after News that Henry Duke of Suffolk was raising Men in Devonshire whereupon the Queen levied what Forces she could get together and made Thomas Duke of Norfolk whom she had lately discharged out of the Tower her General who marching towards Rochester Bridge was deserted by his Soldiers who went over to Wiat so that he got back to London with great Difficulty For the appeasing these Tumults and avoiding of the Dangers that threatned them the Emperor's Ambassadors took Ship in the beginning of February and returned into Flanders The same day the Queen went into the City of London and in the Guild-Hall made a sharp Speech against Wiat saying she knew all his Projects and expressing the tender Love she bore to her People and saying she had done nothing in it without the Advice of her Council That she had now lived a considerable part of her Life in Virginity and that even now it was none of her Desires to Marry but would willingly have continued Single if the States had thought it convenient That she was very much afflicted to see her Kingdom endangered and filled with Slaughter and Bloodshed on the Account of her Marriage She desired
Ulrick Duke of Meckleburg Christopher Duke of Wirtemburg Charles Marquis of Baden Ernest Prince of Henneberg and the Ambassadors of Joachim Duke and Elector of Brandenburg and of John and George Fredirick of that Family of Philip Landtgrave of Hesse and of Barnim and Jo. Frederick Dukes of Pomerania upon the report of a Council suddenly to be assembled met at Naumburg to which Place the King of Denmark and the Princes of Lunenburg sent only Letters of Friendship to assure those that met that they would stand by them The design of it was to put an end to those Controversies which had arisen amongst the Protestants themselves to renew their Subscriptions to the Augustane Confession to consider and by mutual Consent to resolve whether they should go to the Council or refuse it They had great Controversies amongst themselves about the various Editions of the Augustane Confession which had been explained enlarged and as to the Expressions very often changed and the Elector of Saxony was for the retaining the first Edition and putting the Smalcaldick Articles by way of Preface to it but the rest not consenting to it he left Naumburg and return'd When they came to consider the Council of Trent they were no less divided in that too Some were for an absolute rejection of it others were for the fending Ambassadors from the several States who should propose the giving an Account of their Faith in a free and truly Christian Synod and enter a great Complaint against the Pope and Court of Rome make their Exceptions to the Council on the account of the Suspition of the Judges the perverse Method or Order of Proceedings and the Inconvenience of the Place this they conceived would â—itigate the Envy had been raised against them and shew that their Enemies and not they were the obstructers of Concord and Union After this they sent Deputies to the Duke of Saxony deploring his departure before the End of the Conference and giving him an Account of the Form of Confession they had Agreed to Subscribe and desiring him that he would also subscribe it or at least restrain his Divines from traducing and defaming it as they had before done by some things agreed at Frankford Soon after Augustus Duke of Saxony Married Anne Daughter of Morice of the Family of Nassaw and Brother to William Prince of Orange Jerolamus Martinego who was sent to Treat with Queen Elizabeth for the same end as I have said already came into Flanders and from thence according to the ancient Custom sent for Leave to come into England but was denied it the Council of England not thinking it fit to admit a Nuncio from the Pope when there Religion would be apt upon such an Encouragement to Imbroil our Affairs upon began to Treat with Throcomorton our Ambassador in that Court That Queen Elizabeth would be pleased to send her Ambassadours to the Council in which he was seconded by Letters from the Kings of France Spain and Portugal and the Cardinal of Portugal and the Duke de Alva To which she replied That from her Heart she desired a General Council but she would have nothing to do with a Papal That she would have nothing to do with the Pope neither whose Authority was banished out of England by the consent of the Three Estates That it belonged not to him but to the Emperour to call a Council and that she acknowledged no greater Authority in him than in any other Bishop The Twenty fifth of July Erirk King of Sweden was Crown'd with great Pomp at Stockholme upon the Baltick Sea. Charles Cardinal of Caraffa and Nephew of the last Pope was strangled the Sixth of March in the Castle of St. Angelo upon pretence That he had Exasperated Paul IV. his Uncle with his false Stories and put him upon a War That he had caused the Truce between France and Spain to be broken had entered underhand Treaties with the Protestant Princes of Germany and also with the Turk the Enemies of Christianity but in reality because the Pope was much offended with the sharp Answers the Cardinal made after he was imprison'd The Pope being thereupon made sensible that the Cardinal was a Person of great Spirit and Interest and if ever he were dismiss'd he would at one time or other Revenge the Quarrel upon the Popes Relations so that his Holiness contrary to his first Intentions found it was needful to cut him off though against Law as his own Canonists generally said The Count de Paliani Brother of the Cardinal of Caraffa had the same fate but on other pretences In France all that desired the Peace of the Church and the Reformation of Religion concluded the Pope would not hold a Council whatever he pretended and therefore urged the having of a National Council which was opposed by the Guises and their Faction for fear the Protestant Party should prevail in it against the Catholick They did whatever they could to perswade the King and Council from it and procured the Pope to perswade Philip King of Spain to interest himself in it who sent Anthony Bishop of Toledo to perswade the Queen to send the French Clergy to the Council of Trent and that in the mean time to prevent a Schism the thoughts of a National Council should be laid aside He had Orders also as occasion offered to threaten those who favoured the Protestants and to give assurances of his Masters readiness to support the young King which was ill taken in France as a kind of usurping a Right to interpose their Spanish Pride in the French Affairs Toledo died in France and Maurice his Successor became very importunate with the Queen to begin a Persecution against the Protestants which was as stiffly opposed by the King of Navar who demanded his Kingdom and interrupted all the Spanish Proceedings by his frequent Complaints to the young King. King Philip finding to his Cost that this Princes Power was greater in France than he imagin'd began a Design upon him to make him more pliant to his Desires This was to reject his Wife and Marry Mary Queen of the Scots and then declaring himself Head of the Catholicks in France the King of Spain was to give him Sardinia for Navar and to help him to Conquer England and so two Heretical Queens were for Heresie to be laid aside and the Pope was to Consecrate and Bless the Business The King of Navar detesting the Project of Repudiating his Queen the Exchange of Sardinia was driven on with more eagerness pretending it was the greatest Island in the Mediterranean Sea next Sicily and the most fruitful rich and populous and situate very conveniently for a Conquest of Barbary This Project being also seconded by the Popes Nuncio the Cardinal of Ferrara prevented the calling of a National Council which Wise Men thought was the only thing that could have prevented the Civil War which after broke out to the almost total Ruine of France
several Towns for the Protestants 388. Routed by Duke Maurice 504. Taken into the service of Duke Maurice Assists the Magdeburghers 514. Henry the VII Emperor refuses to pay Allegiance to the Pope 38. Henry the VIII Writes against Luther 50. Is called defender of the Faith Ibid. Is Pensioner to Charles the V. 51. His Daughter Mary is Betrothed to Charles Ibid. Writes to the Princes of the House of Saxony against Luther 65. Receives a Golden Rose from the Pope 75. Writes a Scornful answer to Luther's Letter 101. Makes a League with France in the absence of King Francis 102. Makes a League with Francis against Charles 112. His answer to the Protestant Princes of Germany 150. Is dissatisfied about his Marriage with Catharine 169. Sues to be Divorced Ibid. They are Dilatory at Rome Ibid. He Marries Anne Boleyn 170. Is declared in Parliament head of the Church Ibid. Revokes Peter Pence Ibid. Sends Fox Bishop of Hereford Ambassador to the Protestants at Smalcald 188. His Ambassadors winter at Wittemberg 205. His Letter to the Protestants Ibid. He beheads Anne Boleyn 206. Quells a rising in England 209. His Reasons against the Council of Mantua 231. His Reasons against the Council at Vicenza 250. He enacts in Parliament several things about Religion 251. Marries Anne of Cleve Ibid. His Answer to the Elector of Saxony's Ambassador 255. Beheads romwel Earl of Essex 267. Is divorced from Anne of Cleve Ibid. Marries Catharine Howard Ibid. Burns Papists and Protestants for Religion 269. Beheads Catharine Howard for Adultery 289. Marries Catharine Parr Ibid. Makes a successful War in Scotland 324. He makes an Expedition into France 327. Takes Bologne Ibid. Makes a Treaty of Peace with France 355. Forewarns the Protestants in Germany of their danger 356. Dies 418. Henry of Zutphen suffers for Religion in Germany 75. Henry Duke of Saxony refuses to change his Religion to gain the Dutchy 249. But gains it by George's Death 250. Henry Dauphin of France has a Daughter 382. Henry the II. of France succeeds to Francis the I. 424. Is Crowned 435. The Ceremony of it Ibid. Persecutes the Lutherans severely in France 456. Enters Paris in State 484. Crowns his Queen Ibid. Persecutes the Lutherans Ibid. Makes a League with the Switzers Ibid. Regains several Places from England 485. Publishes another Edict against the Lutherans 492. Sends a Letter to the Pope about his assisting Octavio Farnese 514. He declares War against the Emperor with his reasons 517. Justifies himself from Leagues with the Turk 518. Sends the Abbot of Bellozane to Trent with a Letter to the Council Ibid. He Publishes an Edict against the Pope 521. And another against the Lutherans Ibid. Answers the Emperors Declaration 522. Hinders the Switzers from sending Ambassadors to the Council of Trent 528. He sends Ambassadors to Duke Maurice 529. Makes Peace with the Pope 548. He declares War against the Emperor 553. Calls himself Protector of the Liberties of Germany 554. He takes Toul Verdun Metz 555. Takes an Oath of Allegiance from the People of Metz Ibid. His Treaty with the Strasburghers 557. His answer to the Princes Ambassadors 558. The reasons of his leaving Germany 559. His answer to the Switzers Ibid. He Wastes Luxembourg 563. His Ambassadors Speech at the Treaty of Passaw 564. He Sollicites again by Letters from Aichstadt 567. He brings his Men from Luxembourg back into Artois 571. Is offended with the Pacification at Passaw 572. Writes to the Emperor 576. Sends a Declartion to the States of the Empire 577. Carries on the War in the Low Countries 603. But is beaten in Tuscany in the Sienese War 604. His Letter to the Diet at Francfort Ibid. Takes Casal 613. Carries on the War into Montferrat 617. Hereford vide Fox Herman vide Cologne Hesse vide Philip Landgrave Hildesheym a City in the Dutchy of Brunswick embraces the Protestant Religion 300. they are accused by their Bishop to the Emperor 313. Hogostratus James a Dominican writes against Luther 4. Commissioned by Maximilian to Examine Jewish Books 30. Writes against Reuchlin Ibid. Is cast by the Bishop of Spire Ibid. Appeals to Rome Ibid. Leaves his Cause Ibid. Examines two Augustine Friars at Brussels 63. Holland an Inundation there 137. Hooper John Bishop of Glocester burnt for his Religion 607. Huberine Caspar an Interimist Preaches at Augsbourg 535. Hugh Capet makes himself King of France 150. Huglie John a Protestant burnt for Religion by the Bishop of Constance 105. Hungarians beg for assistance at the Diet of Spire 324. Their Horse join Duke Maurice 409. Husse John Preaches Wiclef's Doctrine 46. Appeals from the Pope to Christ Ibid. Went to the Council of Constance with safe Conduct 47. There burnt Ibid. Hutton Ulricus a Noble Man of Franconia 65. Favours Luther and dies Ibid. I JAmes the V. of Scotland Marries King Francis's Daughter 209. His Queen dies 230. Makes a War with England unsuccessfully 304. Dies Ibid. Jerome Bishop of Brandenbourg 2. Jerome of Prague burnt at the Council of Constance 47. Jerome Bishop of Ascoli summons Luther by P. Leo's Order to appear at Rome 5. Jews compared with Roman Clergy 29. Illyricus Matthias Flaccius Writes against the Adiaphorists 498. Imperial Chamber Vide Protestants is set up again in the Diet at Augsbourg 466. The Judges fly from Spire for fear of the Confederate Princes 557. They answer Marquess Albert's Deputation about the Franconian Bishops 577. They decree in Favour of the Bishops 578. Indulgences Preacht up in Germany 1 2. Confirmed by Pope Clement's Decree in the Extravagants 9. Why granted 273. Indult vide P. Paul the III. P. Innocent the III. Decreed to the Electoral Princes a right of chusing the Emperor 21. His decree de Majoritate Obedientia 107. Inquisition its Original 434. Inquisitors about the Emperor's Edict of Religion in the Netherlands how they proceed 498. Interim drawn up at Augsbourg 454. The heads of it 458. Often Revised and Corrected 459. Sent to Rome ibid. The Electors differ in their Opinion about it ibid. Those who draw it up are rewarded 468. It is disliked on both sides Ibid. Confuted by the Saxon Divines 481. Joachim Elector of Brandenbourg sends an Embassie to the Elector of Saxony 242. Sends Agents to Eysenach 244. Made Geneali ssimo against the Turks 292. He Strikes in with the Papists in the War against the Smalcaldick League 375. Interposes for a Peace 418. With the Landgrave Ibid. Intereedes for Saxony 427. And his Life was spared at his Intercession 428. Intercedes for the Landgrave 429. Remonstrates to the Emperor for him at Hall 433. Calls Bucer to Augsbourg 454. Angry with him for not subscribing the Interim 457. Receives the Interim 461. Acts with Duke Maurice in the Magdeburgick War 505 506. He sends Ambassadors to the Conncil of Trent 526. His Ambassadors with those of D. Maurice Sollicite the Emperor about the Landgrave 531. John XXII P. vide Aquinas John King of Denmark overthrows the Swedes 62. Dying leaves his Son Christian of six Years of Age Ibid. John succeeds his Brother Frederick of Saxony 84. Goes to Franck-hausen against Muncer's Gang Ibid. Comes to the Diet at Augsbourg 127. Excuses the Landgrave's going from Augsbourg to the Emperor 131. Procures the removal of the Guards from the Gates of Augsbourg 131. Is cited by the Emperor to Cologne 141. Sends his Son and goes himself to Smalcald 142. Writes to the Confederate Princes to hinder an Election of a King of
Council of the Empire 76. The Senates Answer 79. Their Ministers draw up an Apology ibid. Quarrels there about the Mass 115. They stience the Popish Ministers ibid. The Bishop complains to the Diet at Spire 116. Mass abolished there ibid. Their Deputies protest upon their being denied to sit in the Diet 118. Their Divines answer Erasmus 122. Makes a League with the Evangelick Cantons of Switzerland 126. Which is resented by the Council of the Empire ibid. They with some other Consederate Cities exhibit a Confession at Augsbourg to the Emperor 130. They debate the matter further against the Emperor 138. They are oppugned by Popish Divines ibid. They set up a School 241. Their Letter to the Emperor to disswade him from the War 378. They make their Peace and are fined 423. They refuse the Interim 464. And stand to it to Granvell 465. They send their Judgment of the Interim to the Emperor in a Letter 471. In a Consultation they resolve to accept of the Interim 472. They send Deputies with another Letter to the Emperor 473. Their Bishop writes to them about yielding ib. They are commanded to agree with their Bishop 474. They write to the Emperor of the Bishops unreasonable demands 478. The Bishop says Mass again 479. Quarrels between him and the Senate about the publick Professors 480. The Senate and the Bishop agree 485. Mass first said in the Cathedral 491. Derided by the People ibid. Whence the Priests fly ibid. The Bishop complains to the Emperor 496. But the Breach is made up ibid. The Bishop complains against the Preachers 513. The Senate sends Sleidan their Deputy to the Council of Trent 529. vid. Sleidan They answer the Demands of Marq. Albert 571. Stroza Peter a Florentine gulls the Protestants with Promises of Money 404. Stupitz John General of the Augustine Friars 2. Stura Steno vide Christiern Sturmius James dies 594. Sweden vide Gustavus Switzers oppose the Election of Francis I. to the Empire 14. An account of their Commonwealth 48. Had a Custom that Priests should publickly keep Concubines 51. They complain against Zuinglius in a Convention of Estates 66. They assemble at Lucern and make Edicts against the New Religion 67. They Remonstrate against those of Zurick 69. They join with Zuinglius in the Doctrine of the Eucharist 97. They meet 12 Cantons to Dispute at Baden 105. The Popish Cantons make a League with Ferdinand 118. Seeds of Civil Wars arise amongst themselves 120. Which are taken up ibid. They make a League for six years with the Landgrave of Helse 141. Do not refuse to join in the League of Smalcald if Comprehension be allow'd them 148. Not admitted into the League 151. The Popish Cantons League against the Zurichers 155. They overcome the Zurichers 156. They overcome them again ibid. They conclude a Peace ibid. The Protestant Cantons interceed with the French King to remit his Severities towards the Protestants 210. They answer the Letter which was sent to them by the States of the Empire 323. Interceed to the French King for the Waldenses 347. They give an answer to the Protestants Embassy 392. They answer the Emperors Letter 398. The Protestant Cantons differ in their Answer about the War from the Popish ones 399. Their Answer to the Protestants demands 404. Two Protestant Cantons refuse a League with Henry II. King of France 484. Sylvius Aeneas vide P. Pius T. TEcelius John Tetzel a Dominican writes against Luther's ninety five Theses 2. Teutonick order its institution 99. They subdue Prussia ibid. Thomas of Becket Arch-Bishop of Canterbury 241. Killed by some of King Henry II's Court ibid. His rich Shrine ibid. Canonized 242. Toledo Don Francisco de Ambassador from the Emperor at the Council of Trent 374. Treats vigorously with the Protestant Ambassadors there 539. Transylvania Vaivod claims the Kingdom of Hungary against Ferdinand 112. Writes about it to the Princes of the Empire ibid. Invites Solyman into Germany 121. Is made King of Hungary by Solyman ibid. Dies 269. His Son is delivered up to Solyman 285. Made Vaivod of Transylvania ibid. Transylvania revolts from Ferdinand 633. Tregerus Conradus disputes with the Preachers of the Reformed Religion at Bern 111. Trent nominated by the Pope to hold a Council 292. Allowed by the Catholick Princes of Germany ibid. Protested against by the Protestants ibid. The Council called 296. It is opened 361. The first Session ibid. The decrees of it 362. The second Session ibid. The third Session 373. The fourth Session with its decrees 377. The French Ambassadors Speech in the Council ibid. It is put off 391. What number of Bishops were there ibid. Decrees made there about Justification 416. The seventh Session 422. The Council is divided and some go to Bononia 425. The Emperors Deputies commanded not to stir thence ibid. The Councilis divided 439. Cardinal of Trent speaks to the Pope about removing the Council 443. The Council meets once more at Trent 513. Sits formally 518. Receives the French King's Letter ibid. The Ceremony of their Sessions 520. The way of making Articles and Canons 521. They decree the business of the Lords Supper 525. They leave some things to be disputed when the Protestants should come to the Council 526. The form of their safe conduct ibid. They answer the French Kings Letter 527. They make decrees about Pennance and Extream Vnction 530. Long debates about a Safe Conduct at Trent 539. They are wonderfully divided 546. Fly from Trent in haste 547. And they prorogue the Council for two Years 548. Treves vide Triers Triers Elector makes a Speech for Francis I. 16. Perswades Luther to yield 46. Very courteously ibid. Richard the Elector makes War with Francis Sicking 56. Not for Religion ibid. Kills several Boors at Wormes 81. After they had thrown down their Arms ibid. Dies 149. The Elector of Triers leaves the Council of Trent 542. Truchses George Head of the Schwabian League 80. Routs the Boors in Schwaben ibid. And at Winsberg 81. Burns the Town ibid. Routs others in Franconia ibid. Makes a Speech to the Protestant Princes in the Emperors Name 134. Turegie vide Oxline Turks vide Solyman their Original 295. They invade Hungary 314. They take Tripoly 518. Their Fleet takes Corsica 591. Their Fleet scours the Coasts of Italy 617. V. VAiod vide Transylvania Valla Laurentius his book censured 28. Vargas Francisco de and Martino Velasco the Emperors Ambassadors protest against the Council at Bononia 446. Venetians make a League with the Emperor against Francis 204. They conclude a Peace with the Turk 252. They publish a Proclamation about Religion against the reformed 468. Venize Gabriel Provincial of the Augustans in Germany vide Leo. Vergerius Peter Paul the Popes Legate at Augsbourg 127. Had orders to manage the business of a Council cautiously 166. Is recalled into Italy by P. Paul III. 147. And sent back with the old Instructions 175. Consults with the Duke of Saxony at Prague 180. Sent to Naples to
with those of Zurich about Religion The Answer of the Senate of Zurich The Bishop of Constance's Book to those of Zurich Their Answer to it Images abolished at Zurich The Recess or Decree of the Dyet of Norimberg The Bishop Strasburg's Complaint to Cardinal Campegius The Senate's Justification Campegius's Plea with the Deputies of Strasburg The Resolution of some Catholicks at Ratisbone The Regulations for Reformation of the Clergy Luther's Admonition to the Princes of Germany The Pope sends a Golden Rose to the King of England Erasmus his Book of Free-will Henry of Zutphen suffers The Duke of Bourbonne Besieges Marseilles An Insurrection of the Boors Complaints of the Popish Clergy against the Senate of Strasburg 1525. Oecolampadius preaches at Basil A Tumult at Zurich The Zurichers expostulate with the rest of the Cantons The Senate of Strasburg gives an Answer to the Council of the Empire The Apology of the Ministers of Strasburg The French King made Prisoner Vlrick Duke of Wertemberg in vain attempts to recover his Country The Boors take the Field The Boors worsted The Boors Army in Algow dispersed The Cruelty of some Boors at Winsperg An Insurrection of the Boors also in Lorrain And 18000 of them are slain Another Slaughter of the Boors at Wormes Geismeier the General of the Boors assassinated A Sedition in Cologn The number of those that were killed The Princes and Cities ingaged in the Schwabian League Mass abolished at Zurich Muncer a great Sectarian Muncer preaching at Mulhausen got new Magistrates created and the Monks ejected whose Monasteries he and others took possession of Phifer Muncer's Companion and his enthusiastick Pretences Frederick Elector of Saxony dies The Princes Forces against the Boors Muncer's seditious Speech A Consternation in Muncer's Camp. The Speech of the Langrave of Hesse to his Soldiers The Princes Army overcome the Muncerianâ— Muncer taken His Discourse to the Princes His unseasonable laughing upon the Rack Luther advises to have a care of Muncer He published a Book dehorting the Boors from Sedition The Boors Demands Luther's Answer to the Grievances of the Boors Luther's Monitory to the Princes and Nobility Luther's common Epistle to the Nobles and Boors Luther sends an Allarm against the Boors The Emperour's Letters for calling the Dyet of Auâ—burg Carolostadius his Exposition of This is my Body Luther marries a Nun. Zuinglius differs from Luther about the Lord's Supper Pope Clement's Letters to the Parliament of Paris The Sorbonists persecute James Fevre The French King writes in his behalf A Change in Prusia The Original of the Teutonick Order The Master of Prusia deserts the Empire Is made Duke and imbraces the Reformed Religion Luther writes to the King of England Luther writes also to George Duke of Saxony The King of England's sharp Answer to Luther A League betwixt France and England Luther's Complaint of the King of England The French King sick in Prison 1526. The Treaty of Peace at Madrid betwixt the Emperor and French King. The French King leaving his two Sons Hostages is set at liberty The Dyet of Spire The Emperour's Letter to the States of the Empire about observing the Decree of Wormes The Turks invade Hungary The Judgment of some Cities in the Dyet of Worraes A Complaint of some Cities of Germany against Mendicant Fryers Against the Immunities of the Clergy Against Holydays A Dissention among the States at Spire about Religion The decree of Spire concerning Religion The beginning of a League among those of the reformed Religion Lewis King of Hungary slain The Marriage of Charles V. A Disputation at Baden The Points disputed The Issue of the Disputation John Huglie a Priest burnt for Religion The League of the Pope French and Veretians against the Emperour The Pope's expostulatory Letter to the Emperor The Emperour's Answer to the Pope The Emperour's Letter to the Colledge of Cardinals The French King's Letters to the Princes of Germany The Emperour's Letter to the Princes of Germany The Princes Letter to the Emperour The Demands of the Pope Venetians and French who were Confederates 1527. The Emperour's Answer unto them The Elector John Frederick marries the Daughter of the Duke of Cleve Rome taken and plundered by the Duke of Bourbonne The 〈◊〉 of the Diet of Ratisbonne The sect of the Anabaptists The French King renews a War in Italy Alexandria and Pavia taken by the French. Leonard Cesar Burnt for Religion Ferdinand made King of Bohemia A Dispute at Berne 1528. Popery abolished in the Canton of Berne Ambrose Blancer at Constance There Mass Images and Ceremonies are abolished As also at Geneva The Kings of England and France send Ambassadours to the Emperour The French King challenges the Emperour to a Duel A War betwixt Ferdinand and the Vaivode The Vaivod's Complaint to the Princes of Germany King Ferdinand's Title to Hungary The Elector of Saxony and Landgrave prepare for War. The Emperour's Answer to the French King's Challenge A Dyet appointed at Spire Naples besieged by the French. A Contention at Strasburg about the Mass The Popish Preachers silenced by the Senate there 1529. Mass by common Consent abolished at Strasburg A Dissention about Religion at Basil Mass abolished at Basil And Images burnt The Dyet of Spire Five Cantons of Switzerland make a League with King Ferdinand The Deputy of Strasburg not admitted to sit in the Council of the Empire The Decree of the Dyet of Spire The Protestation of the Princes against the Decree of Spire Some Cities joyn in this Protestation The Original of the Name of Protestants The Protestants appeal to the Emperour A Civil War among the Switzers Peace betwixt the Emperour and French concluded at Cambray Solyman besieges Vienna But is forced to raise the Siege The Vaivode made King at Buda A New Disease in Germany Two Learned Men burnt at Cologne for Religion A Conference at Marpurg betwixt Luther and Zuinglius Erasmus writes a Book against the Reformers Which is answered Sforza recovers the Dutchy of Milan The Protestant Ambassadours with the Emperour The Ambassadors appeal from the Emperour's Answer and are confined to their Lodgings Caden presents a Book about Religion to the Emperour in name of the Landgrave For which being stopt and in danger he makes his escape and returns home The Assembly of the Protestants at Smalcalde The League betwixt the City of Strasburg and the Switzers 1530. The French King's Sons return to France with his Queen The Emperour makes his entry into Ausburg The Emperour's Speech in the Dyet of Ausburg Campegius's Speech to the Princes The Protestants Confession of Faith presented at Ausburg The Popish Divines confute the Augustane Confession The Duke of Saxony's general Answer to the Confutation of the Popish Divines The Landgrave departed from the Dyet The Florentine War. Commissioners for reconciling Religion The Pope gives King Ferdinand leave to make use of the Ornaments and Goods of the Church The Emperour's Speech to the Protestants The Protestants Answer Truchses his Speech
to the Protestants in the Name of the Emperour Their Answer Commissioners chosen for framing a Decree The Tenor of that Decree What the Protestants find fault with in the Decree The Protestants depart from the Dyet A great Inundation at Rome The like in Holland The Draught of the Decree read to the Deputies of the Cities but a Copy of it denied to them Some Cities urge a Council Faber and Eckius well rewarded which occasioned a merry Saying of Erasmus The Agreement of the King of Poland and Marquess Albert of Brandenburg made null The Decree of Ausburg Luther's Book to the Bishops and Prelates Luther comforts dejected Melanchthon Bucer Essaies a Reconciliation betwixt Luther and Zuinglius c. The Landgrave makes a League with Zurich Basil and Strasburg upon account of Religion The Elector of Saxony cited by the Archbishop of Mentz for chusing a King of the Romans The Smalcaldick League among the Protestants The Pope's Complaint to the King of Poland The Protestants Letter to the Emperour about the Election of a King of the Romans The Reasons of creating a King of the Romans 1531. Ferdinand declared King of the Romans The Protestants Letters to the Kings of England and France The Protestants Confession at Anspurg The Protestants Appeal to a free Council Calumny against the Protestants A Convention of the Protestants at Smalcalde News of the Turks Incursions The death of the Archbishop of Trierâ— The Queen of Hungary is made Governess of the Netherlands The Emperor is made Umpire between the Pope and the Duke of Ferrara The King of France his Answer to the Protestants How the French and Germans come to be akin How Charles the Great was saluted Emperor Lewis the Fifth the last of Charle's Race Hugh Capet Invades the Kingdom The King of England's Answer to the Protestants The Opinions of the Cities concerning a King of the Romans The reason why the Switzers are not admitted into the League The Controversie between the Bishop of Bamburg and the Duke of Brandenburg The Elector of Brandenburg's Appeal to a Council A Diet appointed at Spiers Arbitrators for a Peace apply themselves to the Duke of Saxony Upon what Conditions the Duke of Saxony will come to the next Diet. The Elector of Mentz and the Prince Palatine send Embassadors to the Protestants The Duke of Saxony and the Lantgrave's Letters to the Arbitrators The Diet appointed to be held at Ratisbon A quarrel among the Switzers Articles of Peace propounded The five Cantons are hindred from Provisions The War breaks out between them Those of Zurich are vanquish'd Zuinglius is slain Those of Zurich again defeated OEcolampadius dies 1532. Conditions of a Pacification laid down by the Arbitrators Or the Law of Charles the Fourth The condition of creating a King of the Romans The form of the Oath which is taken by the Electors according to the Caroline Law. The Princes of Bavaria oppose the Election of King Ferdinand The Arbitrators Answer to the Protestants The Prince of Saxony's Answer to the Arbitrators The Tricks of the Popish Party The Agreement between the Zuinglians and the Lutherans The Protestants lay down their conditions of a Pacification The Emperor upon necessity confirms a Peace to all Germany The number of the Protestants Delegates appointed to reform the Imperial Chamber The King of Denmark taken Prisoner Albert Duke of Prussia proscrib'd An Irruption of the Turks into Austria The Turkish Horse destroy'd The Emperor goes for Italy 1533. The Popes Embassador's Oration to the Duke of Saxony The Emperor 's Embassador's Speech to the Duke The Duke's answer to the Embassador A full and large Answer of the Protestants to the Pope and the Emperor George Duke of Saxony makes Search after the Lutherans Luther publishes a Book to justifie himself An account of the Family of the Medices Clement creates four French Men Cardinals The Lantgrave endeavours the Restitution of Ulrick Duke of Wirtemburg 1534. A great Revolution in England Woolsey dieth with discontent Peter-pence forbidden A Pique between Luther and Erasmus The Imposture of the Franciscaâ—s at Orleans Apparitions frequent in the times of Popery The Lantgrave his Expedition A Pacification between Ferdinand and the Elector of Saxony A Treaty between Ferdinand and the Duke of Wirtemburg Vlrick Duke of Wirtemburg recovereth his Country Christopher Ulrick Duke of Wirtemburg his Son. The Lantgrave his Letter to the Emperor Francis Sforza marrieth Clement the Seventh dies Paul the Third chosen Pope Andrew Grittus Doge of Vinice Lewis Andrew his Son. A Persecution in France 1535. St. Genevefe the Protectress of Paris The French King writes to the Germans The Lantgrave goes to Ferdinand in order to a Reconciliation The Emperor sails into Africk Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas More are beheaded The death of Francis Sforza Vergerius meets the Lantgrave at Prague Vergerius gives the Lantgrave a Copy of his Speech The Protestants Answer to Vergerius The French Embassador's Speech at Smalcalde The Judges of the Chamber are troublesome to the Protestants The Protestants disown the Jurisdiction of the Chamber The Elector of Saxony treats with King Ferdinand The Protestants Answer to the French Embassador The French King's opinion concerning the Points in Controversie The English Embassador his Speech to the Protestants The Protestants Answer to the English Embassador The League of Smalcalde renewed Ausburgh receives the reformed Religion Munster a City in Westphalia The Anabaptists and their Doctrin Rotman a Preacher of the reformed Religion The Papists are commanded to prove their Doctrin by the Holy Scriptures They confess their Ignorance John of Leyden a Botcher and Anabaptist Herman Stapred an Anabaptist The Anabaptists are expell'd Munster A Civil War in Munster Petrus Wirtemius John Mathew an Anabaptist orders that all Mens Goods should be common The Prophesies of the Anabaptists John of Leydon proclaimed King of the Anabaptists The Anabaptists Book concerning the Restitution The Anabaptists Supper The Apostles of the Anabaptists A meeting of the Princes at Coblentz The Doctrin of the Anabaptists and their wickedness The Anabaptists Book concerning the Mysteries of the Scripture The King executes one of the Queens himself Luther's opinion concerning the people of Munster A Diet held at Wormes Another Diet at Wormes The King of Munster is carried about for a sight 1536. The King of the Anabaptists is executed War between Denmark and Lubeck A War between the Duke of Savoy and Geneva The French King makes War upon the Duke of Savoy The Family of the Visconti of Millain The Emperor makes a Speech against the French King. The Venetinns make a League with the Emperor Vergerius is sent away to the Emperor The Articles of the League between the King of England and the Protestants The English Embassadors Winter at Wittemburgh The King of England's Letter to the Protestants The Protestants meet at Frankford Anne of Bullein Queen of England is beheaded A Bull of Paul the Third for the Convocation of a Council Ferdinand sends
that the One and twenty days which he had allowed him to return in being expired every one should endeavour to apprehend him and bring him into lawful Custody Banishing in the same manner all that should any ways aid or assist him He ordered all his Books also to be destroyed appointing a severe Penalty for Stationers that should meddle with them for the future And this Decree which he said was made with the common Consent and Advice of the Princes and States he commanded to be inviolably observed by all It was said that there were but a few who had a hand in framing this Decree For some of the Electors acknowledged that they were not privy to it as shall be said of the Elector of Cologn in its proper place The Elector of Mentz who is Chancellor of the Empire had a great stroak in Matters of that nature However it be the Emperor by this Sentence procured to himself much Favour so that the Pope fell quite off from the Frienship of France and made a League with him as you shall hear by and by After the Publication of this Sentence Duke Frederick appointed some Gentlemen in whom he could most confide to convey Luther into some more private place remote from the concourse of People that so he might be out of danger and this was performed with great secrecy and diligence In this his Retirement he wrote several Letters to his Friends and some Books also as one for abolishing private Mass which he dedicated to his Brethren the Augustine Friers Another concerning Monastick Vows dedicated to his Father John Luther and one against James Latome a Divine of Lovain He exhorted the Augustines to Courage and Constancy telling them that they had a strong support in Duke Frederick who was a wise Prince a lover of Truth and most averse from rash Judging They of all others were the first that began to leave off saying of Mass and therefore it was that Luther composed for them the Book we now mentioned that he might both encourage the weak and confirm the strong earnestly exhorting them to persevere in that purpose Duke Frederick hearing of this and fearing that some great disturbance might thereupon ensue commanded that the Opinion of the whole University should be taken about the matter and brought to him For that purpose the University chose four of their Members Justus Jonas Philip Melancthon Nicholas Amstorff and John Dulce These having had a Conference with the Augustines made a report of what their resolution was and at the same time declared how great injury was done to the Lord's Supper Wherefore they prayed the Duke that he would abolish that great Impiety not in one Church only but in all places also and restore the true use of the Lord's Supper according to the Institution of Christ and the Practice of his Apostles without regard to the Reproaches and Calumnies of Gain-sayers For that it was the course of this World that he who would undertake the defence of the true Doctrin of the Gospel must suffer many things That he ought to make it his chief study reverently to acknowledg that singular Mercy wherewith God had now blest him in making the Light of the Gospel to shine among the People To these things Duke Frederick made Answer That he would omit nothing that might conduce to the propagating of Piety but that since the matter was very difficult he did not think it fit to make too much haste and that hardly any thing could be effected by them who were so few in number But that if the Matter were grounded on Scripture many would certainly come over to them and then such a change as might seem to be pious and necessary would more conveniently be brought about That for his own part who was ignorant of the Scripture he could not tell when that accustomed Rite of the Mass which they condemned was first introduced into the Church and when that which the Apostles are said to have followed was left off That all Churches generally and Colleges wer founded for the Mass being endowed for that end with great Revenues so that should Mass be now abolish'd the Goods and Lands heretofore given for that use would be taken from the right Possessors That any Man might see what disturbance and confusion that would breed And that since they had referred the whole Affair to him it was his advice to them That having consulted the rest of the good and learned Men of the University they would proceed in the matter moderately and devise with themselves such means as might be proper for keeping Peace and Piety among them The Commissioners having consulted together made their Reply and again advise him to abrogate the Mass alledging that it might be done without Tumult and that though it could not yet that which was just and good ought not therefore to be omitted That their being fewer in number was no new thing since that from the beginning of the World the greatest part of Mankind had always opposed the true Religion That none would accept and approve the right way of administring and receiving the Lord's Supper but they to whom it should be given from above That Colleges were founded of old not for Mass but for the pious Education of Youth and these Possessions given for the Maintenance of the Masters and Scholars and for the Use of the Poor which Custom had lasted almost to the time of St. Bernard but that about Four hundred years since this trafficking about Masses came in play which now ought to be utterly abolished That though it were of ancient date yet such a Profanation was not to be tolerated And that if Stirs and Commotions should arise from thence it was not to be imputed to the Religion but to the Wickedness of the Adversaries who for Gain sake withstand the Truth against their own Conscience That however Men ought not to regard such inconveniences but to proceed absolutely whatever Tumults the World might raise for that all these things had been long ago foretold by Christ This year the Emperor's Brother Ferdinand Archduke of Austria married the Lady Ann Sister to Lewis King of Hungary Among so many Adversaries as Luther had Henry VIII King of England opposed him also in Writing and in the first place refuted his Opinion about Indulgences and defended the Papacy Afterwards he censured all his Disputations concerning the Sacraments of the Church taking occasion of writing from the Book of the Captivity of Babylon When this came to Luther's knowledge he wrote a most bitter Answer declaring That in defence of this Cause he valued no Man's Honour nor Greatness However Pope Leo gave the King an honourable Title for this calling him Defender of the Faith. How Charles of Austria came to be chosen Emperor hath be shewn before But some private Quarrels happening afterwards betwixt Him and the French King it came to a War at last though
them during Life that no Man might have cause to complain That the Ornaments of Churches belonged not to the true Worship of God but that God was exceeding well pleased when the Necessities of the Poor were relieved That Christ commanded the Rich Young Man in the Gospel Not to hang up his Wealth in Churches for a shew but to sell all his Goods and give unto the Poor That they did not despise but highly esteemed the Order of Priesthood when Priests did their Duty and taught the People aright but for the rest of the Rabble that did no publick Good but rather Harm if by little and little they were diminished without giving Scandal and their Possessions converted to pious Uses they made no doubt but that it would be very acceptable Service to God That it was to be questioned Whether their Singing and Prayers were pleasing to God or not for that most of them understood not what they said and besides were hired to do it That what tacit and Auricular Confession which muttered over Sins was good for they would not undertake to determine but that they reckoned the other whereby true Penitents confessed their Sins to Christ their Mediator to be not only profitable but necessary also to Consciences troubled and born down under the Pressure of Sin That that usual way of Satisfaction which was very gainful to the Priests was both Erroneous and Impious that this was truly to Repent and make Satisfaction when men reformed their Lives That the Orders of Monks was a Human Invention and no Ordinance of Gods That they highly Reverenced and Honoured the Sacraments which had God for their Author and would not suffer any Man to despise them but that they were to be used according to the Word of God and Divine Institution and the Lord's Supper not so to be applyed as if it were an Oblation or Sacrifice That if the Clergy who lately sent Deputies to complain could prove that they had molested them or that they were guilty of any Errour they did not refuse to make them Satisfaction But if otherwise that it seemed reasonable to them that they should be enjoyned to do their Duty that 's to say Teach the Truth and to abstain from standering of others that they had been extreamly glad to hear from them that they were desirous to be delivered from the Rapine Extortions and immoderate Power of the Pope and his Dependents but that there was no better way of accomplishing that than to follow in all things the Word of God for that so long as their Laws and Decrees should be in force there was no Deliverance to be expected but that the preaching of the Word of God was the only means to shake all their Power and Dignity That they were sensible enough of the great Force and Efficacy of the Gospel and of the Truth and because they distrusted their own Strength therefore they had recourse to Kings and Princes for Aid That if in this Particular the Assistance of Scripture was to be made use of the thing it self required That the same should be also done in other matters and that all things whereby God was offended should be abolished that for the Reformation of all these Abuses they would freely bestow not only their Labour and Counsils but their Estates and Fortunes also for that it was a thing which ought to have been done long since That therefore they prayed them to take in good part what they had said and seriously reflect upon the same that for their parts they desired nothing more earnestly than that all might live in Peace That in like manmer they would do nothing contrary to the Articles and Conditions of the League but that in this Cause which concerned their Eternal Salvation they could not do otherwise than they did unless they were convinced of their Errour That therefore as they had lately so again they earnestly desired them if they thought their Doctrin to be repugnant to Holy Scripture that they would make it so appear to them within a certain time to wit before the End of May for till then they would expect an Answer from them and from the Bishops and from the University of Basil In the mean time the Bishop of Constance having held a Synod made Answer to those of Zurick in a little Book composed for that purpose wherein he treats of Idols and graven Images what they were of old how the Jews and Gentiles worshipped them why the Church received Images and Pictures what time they were first introduced wherein the Idols of the Jews and Gentiles differed from the Images of Christians and concludes that when the Scripture speaks of putting away graven Images it was only to be understood of the Idols of the Jews and Genttiles and that therefore the Images received by the Christian Church were still to be retained In the next place he handled the Mass and alledging many testimonies of Popes and Councils endeavours to prove it to be an Oblation and Sacrifice This Book which was pretty long he sent to the Senate about the beginning of June and seriously exhorted them not to suffer Images to be removed the Mass abolished nor the people to be any otherwise taught He caused the Book to be afterwards Printed and sent it about and among others to the Canons of Zurick giving for his Reasons that though it had been written for the private use of the Senate who craved it of him yet because he had heard that questions and animosities did arise in other places also upon the same account he was willing to make but one business of it and to consult the interest of the rest also that therefore he advised them to follow the received custom of the Church and not to be persuaded by any mans Reasons to the contrary The Senate replied to this August the eighteenth that they had carefully read the Book over and over again and were extremely glad that he had published it for that so it would appear which of the two maintained the better Cause Then they tell what was the opinion of their Doctors and Learned men and confute his Arguments by Scripture But before they wrote back unto him the Senate had already commanded that all Images both within the City and in all other places also within their Jurisdiction should be pulled down and burnt but all without tumult This was done on the fifteenth of June and some months after the Canons treated and came to a composition with the Senate who both together agreed upon a way how the goods and revenues of the College should be disposed of The Emperor sent John Haunart to the Diet of Norimberg before mentioned to complain that the Decree of Wormes which was made with their unanimous advice and consent had been to the great prejudice of Germany infringed and to command that it should be carefully observed for the future To which the Princes Answered That they would observe
therefore stick to that and make it their Endeavour That the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament should be plainly and purely taught That this alone was the Sure and Infallible Way but that the Traditions of Men were no sure Ground to build upon That the Decree of the last Dyet was made for Peace and Concord's sake but that if the present Decree should be in Force it would open a way to great Troubles and Discontents for that now since whilst that Decree of Wormes was still in suspense some Princes pretended to the Estates of their Subjects as forfeited for not observing the Edict it might be easily understood what would be done if the same Edict were again established and some of the other Princes and States should by Force attempt to compel them to those things which they could not perform with a safe Conscience That moreover it was not fairly alledged That the Decree of the last Dyet was conceived in such Words that most men in the mean time did abuse it and thought they might do what they pleased until the meeting of a Council These being Rumors spread by those who stood but little in awe of the last Judgment when all things should be made manifest That for their own Parts they were willing to answer such as would accuse them of transgressing that Decree before any impartial Judges And that therefore since the Case was so they did not assent to this Decree of theirs but would give Reasons for what they did openly to all Men and to the Emperour himself and that in the mean time till the meeting of a General or Provincial Council of Germany they would not act any thing which they could not maintain by Law That after all they were not ignorant neither of their Duty as to what was decreed concerning living in Peace not invading other Men's Possessions Anabaptists and Printers c. Some of the chief Cities after consultation had joyned with the Princes in this Protestation as Strasburg Norimberg Vlm Constance Ruteling Winshaim Memmingen Lindaw Kempen Hailbrun Isne Weissemburg Norlingen and San-Gall And this is the Original of the Name of Protestants which is famous and common not only in Germany but also amongst Foreign Nations King Ferdinand was gone out of the Assembly before this Protestation was made though he had been desired by the Elector of Saxony and his Associates to stay a little Afterwards the Protestants drew up and published a kind of an Appeal wherein having related what had been done they at length appeal from all the Proceedings of the Dyet of Spire and the Decree there made to the Emperour to a Lawful General Council or Provincial Synod of Germany and in short to all impartial and unsuspected Judges determining withal to send Ambassadours to the Emperour Not long after those of Zurich and Berne took the Field with an Army against their Enemies the five Cantons whom we mentioned a little before and the Zurichers published a Declaration of the Reasons and Causes that moved them to do so instancing many Injuries done by them and among the rest that in the Canton of Switz some of their People who came to demand Money due unto them had been whipt That they of Vnderwalt had hung up their Arms and the Arms of Berne Basil and City of Strasburg upon the Gallows That they all also had made a League with King Ferdinand for the Suppression of the Reformed Religion wherein they said It was stipulated That what Lands of theirs on this side the Rhine should be taken by the Assistance of King Ferdinand should all belong to them from whence it may be easily seen say they that it is their Design to cast us out of our Country by the Aid and Assistance of Foreigners Wherein they not only violate the Law of Nature but their Covenants and Agreements also when to our Ruine they conspire with the most Ancient and Implacable Enemy that our Nation hath against whom for so many Years even from the beginning of our League we have so unanimously joyned all our Strength and Force When the Armies on both sides had taken the Field and were incamped by the Mediation of their Neighbours and of the City of Strasburg also the matter was accommodated and both laid down their Arms. King Ferdinand had sent them Auxiliary Forces which were advanced as far as the Rhine It was agreed upon betwixt them That they should make no War one against another upon account of Religion and that for the future they should abstain from Railing and opprobious Words under a severe Penalty The French King being affected with the condition of his Children whom he had left Hostages in Spain and his unsuccessful Wards in Italy where he had lately lost an Army and his General Lautreck as we said having likewise lost Andrea d' Auria a Genoese and most Famous Sea-Commander who much about the time that Lautreck dyed revolted to the Emperour and regained the Liberty of his Country began to incline to Peace Wherefore at Cambray a City of Hainault there met Margaret the Emperour's Aunt Aloisia the French King's Mother and many Nobles among whom was Erard de la Warch Cardinal and Bishop of Liege and in the Month of August concluded a Peace wherein that Resolution taken in Spain three Years before as hath been said against the Lutherans was revived and confirmed The other Conditions were partly altered for the Emperour resigned Burgundy to the French King in case he had a Son by his Sister and the King was to pay for the Ransome of his Sons to the Emperour twenty hundred thousand Crowns therein comprehending the Debt due to the King of England Not long after the Emperour came to Genoua from Spain and at the same time Solyman the Emperour of the Turks being invited by Jerome Alasky a Polonian of extraordinary Parts sent for that end Ambassadour from John the Vaivode marched through Hungary with a most numerous Army into Austria where laying Siege before Vienna the chief City thereof September 13 and having by battering and springing of Mines made a Breach in the Walls he gave the Assault but the Garison under the Command of Philip Prince Palatine making a brave Defence October 16 he raised the Siege having lost many thousands of his Men in the Retreat who were partly slain and partly made Slaves But upon his Departure he made the Vaivode King at Buda A new kind of Disease also invaded Germany this Year for Men being taken with a Pestilential Sweating either dyed within four and twenty Hours or if they sweated out the Poyson recovered by degrees their Health again but before any Remedy could be found for it many thousands perished The Distemper in a very short space of time spread it self from the Ocean all over Germany and with incredible celerity like a Fire raged far and near It is commonly called The Sweating Sickness of England
determined That for his own part he would in this and in all other Causes of the Empire for the Love and Affection he bore to his Country do what in Duty he ought And that therefore he demanded of them all that every one of them would testifie the like Zeal and Good-will towards the Publick The Princes after deliberation had were of Opinion That Religion should be the first thing debated Four Days after Cardinal Campegius made a Latin Speech to the Princes in presence of the Emperour exhorting them That in the cause of Religion they would obey the Emperour whose Virtue and Piety he much extolled that he also would in the Pope's Name endeavour that all should profess the same Faith and with reconciled Minds undertake a War against the Turk Next the Deputies of Austria represented the great Damages they had sustained from the Turks and demanded Aid After this the Elector of Saxony George Marquess of Brandenburg the Duke of Lunenburg and the Landgrave entreated the Emperour to hear their Confession of Faith that was drawn up in Writing He ordered it to be produced and laid down They again insisted and because it was a matter that concerned their Reputation their Lives and Fortunes and the Salvation of their Souls and because perhaps he had been misinformed in the thing they desired it might be heard The Emperour commanded them to wait upon him next Day at Home but in the mean time desired to have the Writing presently They again with all imaginable importunity urged and entreated that it might be read Nor did they think said they that that would have been denied them since he heard Men of far inferiour Rank about Matters of much less importance But when he would not change his Resolution they desired him to leave the Writing with them until it should be read That being granted they come next Day and in the Assembly of all the States read it in the Emperour 's hearing Afterwards they gave it him in Latin and High-Dutch offering to explain any thing in it that might seem obscure and that if the matter could not perhaps be now determined they did not refuse to submit to a Council so often promised and expected The Emperour who had spent the whole Winter from November to March with the Pope in Bolonia and had lived in the same Palace with him designed wholly if he could to accommodate the Difference about Religion without a Council as knowing that to be most acceptable to Pope Clement whose scope was That if the matter could not be composed by fair means it should be crushed by force of Arms. Wherefore June the twenty sixth he sent for the Deputies of all the Cities to come to his Lodgings and there made Frederick Prince Palatine declare unto them in his Name That in the last Dyet of Spire a Decree had been made which was obeyed by most much to his Satisfaction but that some others had rejected the same which he took very ill at their Hands That therefore he required them not to separate from the rest or else to give their Reasons why they did not comply To this the Deputies of the Protestant Cities made answer That they had done nothing undutifully nor were they less desirous than any of their Ancestors had ever been to testifie all Loyalty and Obedience to his Imperial Majesty but that since he demanded to know the Reasons why they had not admitted of the Decree they desired time to deliberate Afterwards on the seventh of July they gave their Answer in Writing much to the same effect as they had done the Year before when as we said they sent Ambassadours to him into Italy Unto which Embassie and the Reasons there alledged they also referred themselves Two Days after the Emperour caused the Question to be put to the Elector of Saxony and his Associates Whether or not they would exhibit any thing more They said no only resumed in few Words the summ of the Confession of Faith already delivered Afterwards he commanded the Deputies of the Cities who pretended That in Conscience they could not obey the Decree of Spire to give in Writing those Heads which they scrupled at and delivered the Duke of Saxony's Confession to the rest of the Princes to be examined by them who presently gave it to their Divines of whom the chief of all were John Faber and Eckius These battered it with a contrary Writing and Confutation which being read over before the Princes some of them judged it to be too sharp and thought fit that some Men should be chosen to peruse the Writings of both Parties and to soften them but their Opinion prevailed who would have it delivered to the Emperour as it was and the whole matter to be committed to him In the mean time the Cities of Strasburg Constance Memmingen and Lindaw delivered a Confession of their Faith to the Emperour also in Writing These as we said before differed in Opinion from the Elector of Saxony and his Associates about the Lord's Supper The Matter being deliberated with the Pope's Legate the Emperour ordered an Answer to be made to the Saxou-Writing which he communicated to the Princes on the first of August The conclusion of it was severe and hard no less than the Ban of the Empire being threatned to those who obeyed not But that was qualified by the Advice of the Princes wherefore August the third he called together all the States and made Frederick Prince Palatine tell them That he had long and much considered the Saxon Confession of Faith and also ordered some Honest and Learned Men to give their Judgment of it What was Orthodox therein and what contrary to the Doctrin and Consent of the Church That they had done so and had given their Judgment in another Writing which he approved Then was the Confutation of the Confession written by the Divines of the contrary Perswasion read and it proceeded in this Method They divided the Saxon-writing into two Parts the first contained one and twenty Chapters of these they had admitted some and rejected others some were admitted in part and in part rejected alledging many Testimonies of Fathers and Councils Among the rejected were these That Good Works are not Meritorious That Justification is attributed to Faith alone and not to Works also That the Church is the Congregation of the Godly That Men cannot make Satisfaction for Sins That the Saints do not make intercession for us Other things they admitted of with certain modification as the Doctrin concerning Ceremonies as also that the real Body and Blood of Christ was so in the Sacrament that Christ was under each Species and that the Bread and Wine were wholly changed The Doctrin about Confession they admitted provided the People were obliged to confess yearly at Easter to declare all their Sins exactly receive the Lord's Supper and believe that there are seven Sacraments in the Church They made a Proviso also That
suffered to enjoy their Religion peaceably until the sitting of a Council they would also contribute Money for the Turkish War. Being therefore sent for next day to appear in Court there was a certain form of Pacification read unto them wherein they only were comprehended who had approved the Decree that was made whereupon a Debate arising and the Deputies alledging it concerned not them or if it did that it ought to have been conceived in clearer terms lest by its ambiguity it might afterward occasion dispute they made answer That they would make report thereof to the Emperour Two days after the Emperour sent for the Deputies of Strasburg and their Associates to come to his Lodgings and in the Assembly of the States ordered the Confutation of their Confession of Faith to be read a prolix and biting Paper especially in that part where it treated of the Lord's Supper The Authors thereof were John Faber and Eckius who having an odious Subject to descant on made use of all the severe Reflections they could that they might incense the Emperour and Princes The upshot of all was That whereas in matters of Religion they professed an Opinion different from all others and approved that most grievous Errour about the Lord's Supper That they had also thrown Images out of the Churches abolished the Mass pulled down Publick and Religious Houses built in former times by the Liberality of Emperours and Kings cherished and promoted several Sects by Books and Pamphlets which they published and dispersed amongst the People all over Germany That therefore he again required them to retract and embrace the Ancient Religion for that otherwise he would certainly do what in Duty he was obliged to do Some time after they made answer That in the Confutation many things were read otherwise than they were contained in their Paper That some things also were so bitterly represented that if true they deserved not only censure but punishment also but that these things were not rightly charged upon them for that no such thing was done within their Cities and if any person whosoever durst break out into the like Licentiousness they would certainly be punished for it That since then they had a clear Conscience that it was a weighty Cause and that the Paper was very long and could not be answered before they had made a Report thereof to their Principals therefore they desired in the first place That a Copy of it might be given to them and then that no Credit should be given to that Charge and Accusation before their Justification were heard and examined That in all other things they were ready to serve his Imperial Majesty to the utmost of their Power The Emperour told them He would consider on 't and five Days after the Elector of Brandenburg made answer in his Name That he could not give them a Copy for that upon weighty considerations the same had been denied to the Duke of Saxony and that all farther Dispute about Religion was prohibited But that if they had a desire to be reconciled and to return again into the Bosom of the Church he would not refuse them the hearing of the Confutation read once or twice more But that he charged them withal That they would profess the same Religion that the other Princes and States did and contribute Aid against the Turk for that unless they would give way and leave off to be so stubborn he would by the Advice of the Pope and other Kings act as it became him After some time granted them for Deliberation they made their Reply in presence of all the States That they had Orders to demand a Copy of what had been objected against their Confession that they might send it home which in their Opinion was done not for more Disputes sake but that if perhaps the Learned Men of the other side should interpret the meaning of their Paper otherwise than it ought or if any Crime might be laid to their Charge they might be in a Readiness to answer and justifie themselves That now since by what they could retain in Memory of the Confutation read they perceived that their Confession was perverted contrary to the Sense and Meaning of their Magistrates and otherwise interpreted than the very Words of it could bear that besides since many horrid things were reckoned up which could in no ways be attributed to them as they had said before they therefore again desired and prayed that they might have a Copy of the Confutation granted them whereby they might be enabled to purge themselves of what was objected against them especially seeing in the close of their Confession they had begged of the Emperour That he would refer this Difference about Religion to the Determination of a Lawful Council of Germany being the only way that had been always lookt upon as the most proper and convenient and that therefore since they were resolved to maintain no errour knowingly nor to be obstinate in any thing they begged again and again that the Cause might be decided by a Free and Holy Council That they would not refuse what should therein be decreed according to the Testimony of Holy Scripture That in the mean time they would serve the Emperour with their Lives and Fortunes and that they had lately acquainted the Deputies of the Cities with their Resolutions as to their contributing Aid and Assistance for the Turkish War which was That if Peace were setled throughout the Empire and security given them for the free Exercise of their Religion until the meeting of a Council they were willing to contribute what in Reason they ought For that the Year before they had liberally given and more too than came to their shares Which being so and that since hitherto they had received no answer they once more most earnestly prayed That Peace might be given to Religion for that otherwise though they might be never so willing yet they would not be able to contribute any thing The Marquess of Brandenburg said That he would make a Report of it to the Emperour In the Afternoon some Commissioners read unto them a Draught of the Pacification wherein they only were comprehended who should receive the Decree as hath been said before of the Duke of Saxony and his Associates They made answer That neither was there a Copy of the Decree given them nor were they comprehended therein so that they could not promise any thing in the Names of their Principals and that since the matter was still left at an uncertainly they expected to know the Emperour's Pleasure therein as they had also declared themselves to the Elector of Brandenburg The Deputies for the State of Strasburg in this Dyet were James Sturmey and Matthias Pharrer and the â—ormer pleaded the Cause with the Emperour and Princes both in the Name of his own City and also of their Confederates Whilst these Matters were in Debate the Cities of Ausburg Frankford Vlm and Hall declined the Decree
with those who entertain different Opinions about the Lord's Supper and Baptism from what is contain'd in the Writing set forth at Auspurg They shall not draw over to them or give Protection to the Subjects of other States upon the score of Religion But if there be any whose condition is such that they may lawfully go whither they will these having first giv'n notice to their Governors may Travail if they please and be entertain'd they shall not send out any Preachers to teach without their Dominions unless the Magistrate of such a place where a Convention is held shall desire or permit it But if he refuses it they shall then have liberty to do it privately at home But whenever they are present at a Diet of the Empire or do send out Forces against the Turks they may then make use of their own Teachers and receive the Supper of our Lord according to the Institution of Christ That all Reproaches be forborn however the Ministers of the Church may as they are in duty bound rebuke Vice and Error and shew which is the right way provided they do it with temper and moderation That those of their Religion be not excluded from the Imperial Chamber That Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction stand where it does but that the Bishops may not bring those into danger or trouble who make profession of this Doctrin That those Ordinances which have been made but are not yet put in execution concerning Religion Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Ceremonies and the Goods of the Church be suspended till the time of a Council That the Goods of the Church be made use of and enjoy'd by them who are in possession of those places to which those Goods do properly belong and that nothing be taken by violence from any Man but that the annual Revenues be dispos'd of to those places which have formerly receiv'd them till such time as a Council shall decree otherwise That in political Affairs every Man perform his duty that all Men endeavour the good of the Publick and exercise acts of mutual kindness and fidelity to one-another Though both sides stood thus at a distance from one another without any probability of a nearer Conjunction yet the Arbitrators thought fit to proceed in the Treaty and therefore for the convenience of dispatching a more speedy account of all things to the Emperor they appoint another Meeting to be held at Nuremburg upon the third of June Now though the main Controversie could not here be made up yet by reason of the Turks Interruption into Germany the Emperor finding himself obliged to draw his whole Strength together from all parts ratify'd a general Peace to all Germany and did by his Edict command that no Disturbance should be giv'n to any Man upon the account of Religion till such time as a Council should sit and if no Council should be held then till such time as the States of the Empire should find out some expedient to salve these Differences To those that shall disobey this Edict he threatens a very severe punishment and declares that he will use all his Endeavours that a Council may be call'd within six months and begin it's Session the year following But if this cannot be brought about then the whole matter shall be brought to an Issue in a Diet of the Empire He therefore Commands that all judicial Actions commenc'd upon the score of Religion be suspended and that no Process be hereafter carry'd on against the Protestants or if there be that all such Process become null and void The Protestants on the other side who were then seven Princes and 24 Cities do make him a tender of their utmost Obedience and Devoir and promise their Assistance against the Turks This Scheme of a Peace was by the Arbitrators drawn up on the 23th of July and the Emperor to whom they had address'd by Letters and Messengers gave it his Confirmation on the second of August and ratify'd it afterwards by a publick Edict commanding the Imperial Chamber and his other Judges to be obedient to it Whilst these things are transacting the Emperor as we said before is holding a Diet at Ratisbon where among other things he declares that he had some time since sent an Embassy to the Pope and the Colledge of Cardinals about calling a Council to which he has likewise received an Answer which he communicated to the King of France whose judgment it is that a Council is necessary But as to what the Pope has writ back concerning the manner but more especially the place of holding the Council there arises very great difficulty nor can they as yet come to any Resolution about it But because these differences about Religion do daily increase from which there is great danger fear'd he will therefore endeavour to prevail with the Pope to call a Council to some convenient place within the time appointed and he hopes that he will not be wanting either to his own Duty or the Publick Good. But if this cannot be effected then he will endeavour to find out some remedy in another Diet of the Empire which he will call for that purpose It was decreed in the Diet at Auspurg that a Reform should be made in the Court of the Imperial Chamber To which purpose the Emperor adds two Commissioners in his own Name and moreover delegates the Elector of Mentz and the Prince Palatine together with the Bishop of Spiers John Simmerius the Palatine William Bishop of Strasburg and Philip Marquess of Baden The Embassadors of all which Princes having met together at Spiers on the first day of March do Enact certain Laws which partly affect the Judges partly the Advocates and partly the Litigants A Copy of this Reform they present to the Emperor with which having first consulted his Friends he declares himself to be well pleas'd having first made some small additions to it This year which was the Tenth of his Exile Christiern King of Denmark having got together a Navy had some hopes of recovering his Losses but being taken at Sea he was committed to Custody and about the same time his Son died being a young Man and educated by the Emperor his Uncle In a former Book we took notice how the Emperor had rescinded the Contract that was made between Albertus Duke of Prussia and Sigismund King of Poland but Albert persisting in his purpose was about this time proscrib'd by the Imperial Chamber at the Suit of Walter Cronberg Which thing when the King of Poland understood he set forth in this Diet by his Embassador how Prussia had been anciently under the Command and Patronage of his Kingdom and therefore desires that this Proscription may be totally revers'd But Cronberg on the third of June did in a long Harangue declare that Prussia was a dependency of the Empire and did not at all belong to the King of Poland For though their Ancestors being overcome in battel had been forc'd to
publick and understand also the Reasons why he came not sooner into Germany that what trouble pains and charges he was at in supporting the Government of the Empire he would in due time make it so plain to them that all should be convinced that nothing was dearer unto him than the Welfare of Germany nor would he mention neither what vast Expences he was put to daily in maintaining a Fleet at Sea to withstand the Encroachments of the Turks That he was come and in great haste too to this Diet though his Health and other Affairs had been a great hindrance unto him That besides he had moved the Pope to send a Legate hither and that accordingly Cardinal Contarini was come a Man of great Vertue and a Lover of Peace That therefore since this Diet was called chiefly for settling the Affairs of Religion and that nothing was yet determined therein though it might be of dangerous consequence if an end were not put to these Divisions it was his earnest desire that a Reconciliation might be made and that he would willingly contribute thereunto whatever lay in his Power That he expected the like Will and Inclinations from them and therefore was importunate with them that they would consult about measures for accommodating the Controversies and the manner of proceeding therein and that they might perceive how much he loved Concord it was his Advice provided they knew of no better Expedient that of the whole number a few good and learned Men that were desirous of Peace and Germans Born should be chosen to conferr amicably about the matters in Controversie and how they might be adjusted and then to make their Report to him and their own States that the thing being afterwards deliberated amongst them and communicated to the Popes Legate a Decree might accordingly pass That this course had been looked upon as the most convenient both at Ausburg heretofore and lately at Wormes but with this proviso That it be no derogation to the Decree of Ausburg To these things the Protestants answered April the Ninth and having praised and extolled the Virtues and Goodness of the Emperor they craved that the Conference of Wormes might be continued as being transferred to this place That to what his Majesty offered of commissionating some new they would give their Answer they said when they should learn from him who the Persons were But the other Princes and States having given their Answer April the Twelfth throughly approve his Council and mainly urge That the Decree of Ausburg may continue in Force and Authority Afterward the Emperor demanded of both especially of the Protestants that they would referr the choice of the Persons to him and confide in him as to that particular who would do nothing but what should tend to the Peace and Welfare of the Country When that was granted him on the Thirteenth of April he caused Frederick Prince Palatine in his Name to appoint for the Conference Julius Pflug John Eckius John Gropper Philip Melancthon Martin Bucer and John Pistorius that they should handle the controverted Points of Doctrine and then make a Report thereof to him and the Princes He afterwards called them before him April the Two and twentieth and gave them a long and serious Admonition that in handling of this matter they should not be swayed by Passion nor Affection but have regard only to the Glory of God. They all modestly excused themselves desiring that other fitter persons might be appointed except Eckius who said that he was prepared and ready but when the Emperor urged it upon them they submitted and at the same time entreated him to add some more to their number who might be present partly as presidents and Moderators and partly as Witnesses and Hearers of the Proceedings He therefore named Frederick Prince Palatine and Granvell for Presidents and Theodorick Count Manderschitt Eberhard Ruden Henry Haseu Francis Burcart John Fig and James Sturmey for Witnesses Now when they all met April the Twenty seventh Frederick Prince Palatine made a Speech and advised the Conferrers seriously to set about the matter and conferr amicably Then Granvell presented to them a Book in Writing which he said had been delivered to the Emperor by some good and learned Men as a proper means for a future Reconciliation That it was therefore the Emperor's Pleasure that they should peruse and weigh that Book as a lawful Argument and Matter to treat on commend what all of them approved therein and correct what was amiss That Book contained these Heads of Doctrine Of the Creation of Man and of the Uprightness of Nature before the Fall Of free Will Of the cause of Sin Of original Sin Of Man's Justification Of the Church and the Marks and Authority thereof Of the Mark of the Word Of Repentance after the Fall Of the Authority of the Church in discerning and interpreting Scripture Of the Sacraments Of Orders Baptism Confirmation the Lord's Supper Penance and Absolution Matrimony Extream Unction Of the Bond of Charity Of the Hierarchy of the Church and its Authority in settling Discipline and Government Of Images Of the Mass Of the Administration of the Sacraments and of the Discipline of the Church both as to Ministers and People In the Month of May the Protestants wrote from Ratisbone to the French King interceding for those of the Protestant Religion in Provence who were partly in Prison partly banished and partly forced to abscond and lead a miserable Life for their Profession and because some were received into Favour if they would renounce their Religion they desired he would release them from that condition shewing what a grievous thing it was to force Mens Consciences This Persecution proceeded from a Sentence pronounced the Year before against the Inhabitants of Merindole a Village of Provence by the Parliament of Aix which being exceeding terrible and cruel put the poor people into extream Terror and Apprehension However the full Execution of it was put off to another time and this Year's Persecution was but a Play in respect of that which followed four Years after as shall be said in the proper place Whilst these things are in agitation at Ratisbone William Duke of Cleve whose implacable Enemy the Emperor was because of his Possession of Guelderland went privily into France having appointed a day and place for those whom he designed to have with him to come to him by several ways When about the end of April he arrived at Paris he was received by the King's Officers and being conducted by Orleans on the Sixth of May he came to the King who was then at Amboise a Town in Turin upon the Loire The King embracing him as a Father would a Son sends presently word to the King of Navarre and his Sister that they should come to him as soon as possibly they could and bring their Daughter with them for they were at that time in Guienne Upon their coming
thereon according to Scripture But they not satisfying his Desire and finding none that were proper for instructing the People he sent for Martin Bucer from Strasburg one whom both John Gropper had always highly commended to him and he himself also throughly understood by the Conferences he had had with him Accordingly he came in the Month of December the Year before and by the Command of the Prince began in the beginning of this Year to preach at Bonn a Town upon the Rhine five Miles above Cologne On the Fifteenth of March after the Bishop held a new Convention of States at Born and proposed to them to consider of a Reformation of the Church But seeing the Clergy had sent no Deputies to this Convention the rest of the States desired the Archbishop to chuse Men proper for that Affair according to his own Judgment Therefore it was committed to the Care of Bucer to draw up the Heads of the Christian Doctrine and that all things might be done more exactly the Archbishop intreated the Elector of Saxony to associate Philip Melancthon with him When these Two and John Pistorius sent by the Lantgrave had finished the Work the Archbishop sent it to the Clergy of the Cathedral Church who are all descended of Noble Families requiring them to examine carefully the Doctrines contained in that Book And then he called another Convention of States to meet on the Two and twentieth of June after where he laid before them the Book of Reformation desiring that every State might commissionate some to peruse the Book with those that he should appoint that at length some tolerable and pious Reconciliation might be established But the Clergy we mentioned obstinately urged that Bucer chiefly and some other Preachers lately appointed might be turned out And then desired time to consider of the Book but refused to consult with the rest The Archbishop though he well perceived their Design in interposing this Delay yet that they might have no Cause of Complaining granted them time to deliberate But that as to the removing of Bucer and his Colleagues as they demanded he did not refuse it provided any Man could convict them either of erroneous Doctrine or of bad Life and Conversation which he several times gave them Liberty to prove against them being ready to present them to be tried before any lawful Judge Whilst Matters stood thus they prepared a contrary Book which they called Antididagma and in the Preface thereof after a great deal of Railing against the Lutherans they professed in plain Terms That they had rather live under the Turk than under a Magistrate that would embrace and defend that Reformation Gropper as they say was the Author and Contriver of that Book For though he had been very familiar with Bucer Two Years before at the Diet of Ratisbone though after his return Home from thence he had exceedingly commended him not only to the Archbishop but to all Men also and in all Places and though he had sent him many and most loving Letters yet when Matters were brought to this pass he fell totally off from his Friendship and forsaking the Archbishop to whom he was obliged for all his Fortune struck in with the Adversaries The same also did Bernard Hagey the Chancellor who were both enriched with fat Benefices The Divines of Cologne did violently oppugne Bucer and loaded him with most grievous Reproaches He on the contrary desired a friendly Debate and professed in all Assemblies that he would maintain this Doctrine against them Melancthon also wrote a little Book at that time in his Defence and having exhorted them to Modesty and the Study of the Truth he shewed them what horrid Errors they defended Duke Maurice of Saxony made some Laws at this time to be observed throughout his Territories and in his Preface before them he exhorts the Doctors and Ministers of the Church to be diligent in doing their Duty preaching the Gospel in purity and to be a shining Light to their Flock by the Examples of a virtuous Life that they exhort Men to Prayer and mutual Love and Charity sharply rebuke Vice and with the consent of the Magistrate Excommunicate incorrigible Offenders till they be brought to Repentance and that they present such to the Magistrate as will not be reformed that way neither In the next place because Youth is in a manner the seminary both of Church and State he Founded Three publick Schools at Meisen Mersburg and Port and in each place he appoints a certain number of Free Scholars whom he finds in Victuals and Apparel and pays their Masters Yearly Salaries employing for that purpose the Revenues of those Religious Houses wherein Monks and the like had lived before To the Students he allows Six Years to remain there and be taught Out of the same Revenues he also gave an Augmentation to the University of Leipsick of Two thousands Florins a Year and some Measures of Wheat In like manner he prohibited Begging and for Relief of poor Families allotted Money to be yearly consigned in certain places Moreover against Uncleanness he enacted That such as deflowered Virgins and did not marry them though they procured them to be married to others should nevertheless be committed to Prison but Adulterers he commanded to be put to Death That Noblemen and Gentlemen who married the Women whom they had enjoyed before Marriage should be thus punished That the Children whom they had by them before their Marriage could not succeed to any Lands or Inheritances which they held of him in Fee. The Emperor in the mean time arrived at Genoa from Spain by Sea and writing from thence May the Twenty Sixth to the Elector of Saxony the Lantgrave and Confederates he entreats them That now seeing the publick Peace was sufficiently secured by his Edicts and that there would be a Reformation of the Imperial Chamber very speedily that they would not refuse to contribute Assistance against the Turk who had not only made extraordinary Preparations but was also upon his March as he had certain Intelligence both by Messengers and Letters He had received an Account of all that pass'd in the Diet from Naves who went unto him And at the same time he appointed a Diet of the Empire to meet at Spire the last Day of November From Genoa he went to an Interview of the Pope at Busseto a Town upon the River Tava betwixt Piacenza and Cremona There again he demands of him as he had done before by Letters That he would declare the French King an Enemy but he made Answer That that would not be expedient for the publick State of Christendom and persisted therein The Pope had lately bestowed upon his Son Petro Aloisio Parma and Piacenza which upon an Exchange he had obtained from the College of Cardinals And because those Two Cities had formerly belonged to the Dukes of Milan he desired of the Emperor
that the War against him hitherto hath been so unsuccessful the Reason was plain For first He was informed of the Difference in Religion of the publick and private Janglings of the States of the Temper of Affairs and of what was done and acted in the Empire upon all Occasions by the French King to whom these things were carried In the next place because he was sure of Aid and Assistance from the French King as it was by Letters and Witnesses made out in the last Diet and hath been since verified in effect and though it would have been Advantageous to the Publick to have instantly withstood those Enterprises of France and nipp'd them in the Bud that they might not spread farther yet he was pleased with the Answer they made as to that particular in the last Diet of Nurimberg That however since he animated and excited the common and most cruel Enemy of Christendom against the Publick it was his Expectation that they would look upon the War which he was obliged to make against them no otherwise than if it were undertaken against the Turk himself And that they would not only condemn his Actions and Counsels but also give him their Assistance that being delivered from a Domestick Enemy he might be able to employ all his Force against the Turk That moreover he heard to his Trouble that the Aids which were decreed in former Diets were not given as they ought to have been and much too late for the Necessities of the Publick For that since his Brother King Ferdinand had placed all his Hopes in them who was not able to do much himself as being exhausted by the Charges of the former Years the Turk had this last Year taken from us other Towns and Castles which Misfortune might certainly have been prevented if the Aids that were decreed had been seasonably furnished That since that was the State of Affairs then and that it was the main Design of the Turk that Hungary as the Rampart being subdued and many Ways made open into Germany he might over-run it since the thing it self required it that the Hungarians should be relieved least being destitute of Succours they might be forced to submit to the Turkish Yoke and of Friends to become Enemies it was his Desire that in a Matter of so great Importance they would take it into Consideration how to raise present and lasting Aids not only for a defensive but offensive War also that so they might preserve their Wives Children and Country from utter Ruin and Destruction That in the mean time as to those things which have hitherto been a great Hindrance to all publick Actions he desired as much as in him lay to apply a Remedy That in the matter of Religion they themselves were sensible what Labour and Pains he had been at for many Years past and lately also at Ratisbone but that seeing Differences could not there be accommodated the whole Affair had been referred to a Council and other Diets And then that the Pope at his Sollicitation had called a Council wherein he had resolved to have been present himself if the French King had not made War against him That what had been done in the mean while they had learn'd without doubt from his Deputies But now that the same Difference still remained and was very pernicious to the Publick he put it to themselves to consider on it what way chiefly it might be removed and ended and to represent to him what they themselves thought best to be done in the Matter That he had also taken care already and would omit nothing for the future That the Judicature of the Imperial Chamber the Ground-Work and Stay of publick Peace might be lawfully constituted The same Day King Ferdinand's Ambassadors made a long Narration of the Turkish Invasions and demanded Assistance Presently after the Elector of Saxony the Lantgrave and their Confederates addressing their Speech to the Emperor You know say they most Victorious Emperor that from the very beginning we professed that in this most Honourable Assembly we would declare the Ground of our defending our selves by Arms against Henry Duke of Brunswick and we are still in the same Mind and Resolution not doubting but that after a full hearing of the Matter it will clearly appear to you that we had just and weighty Causes which necessarily obliged us to undertake that defensive War and that he ought not to sit here and consult with the Princes But since we perceive he thrusts himself into this Assembly without our Approbation and Consent all that we can and may lawfully do that the publick deliberations may not be hindred or retarded is that we protest we neither own nor acknowledge him for a Prince of the Empire and that his Presence shall be no ways prejudicial to our Right Whereunto the Duke of Brunswick immediately made Answer by the Mouth of his Chancellor The Elector of Saxony saith he the Lantgrave and their Confederates in defiance to all Law both of God and Man contrary to the Constitutions of the Empire and the publick Faith and Peace have by force of Arms and the highest Injustice robbed me of my Country for which they stand indicted before the Imperial Chamber so that they can have no place in the Diet of the Empire and if any had they have now lost it by that Crime and deserve that all Men should avoid their Company But if I must needs sit with them in Publick Consultations I protest that I consent not that they should have this place and that it shall be no prejudice nor derogation to my Cause The Protestants were then for having read their Plea containing the whole matter of Fact and the Reasons of what they had done in Writing least his Accusation might appear to be true or make an impression upon the Minds of those that heard it But the Emperor ordered Frederick Prince Palatine and Naves to desire them to deferr it till another time because the Day was far spent promising to assign them a Day for a Hearing to which they acquiesced And because the Lantgrave happened then to 〈◊〉 next to the Duke of Brunswick John Prince Palatine arose and to prevent any Quarrel sate himself down in the middle betwixt them having first protested that the same should be no prejudice to him nor his Family and this was thought to have been done by the Emperor's Advice The Day before the Duke of Saxony and Lantgrave had prayed Frederick Prince Palatine and Naves that they would procure the Emperor's Order for Brunswick not to appear in the publick Session But that could not be obtained the Emperor alledging that he could not be excluded till the Causes of it were first known The French King might easily imagine that the Emperor would make a sad complaint of him to the Princes of the Empire he therefore resolved to send a most splendid Ambassy to them in the Persons of Cardinal John du Bellay
prescribed by Law and the crime of neglect of Duty and slighting the Obedience they promised to him by Oath That his Nuncio would tell them the rest whom he prayed them to give credit to The Clergy and Colledge of Cologne vigorously pursued their Process at Rome against the Archbishop So that on the sixteenth of April the Pope pronounced sentence against him That forasmuch as unmindful of his own salvation he had several ways offended against the Rules and Doctrine of the Church and Apostolical Traditions against the Rites and Ceremonies of the Christian Religion in the Church accustomed contrary to the Censure of Leo X. published against Luther and his Adherents he therefore deprives him of the Communion of the Church of his Archbishoprick and all other his Benefices Priviledges Dignities and Faculties charging and commanding all People within his Territories and Jurisdiction not to obey him in any thing for the future he also absolves them from their Oath of Allegiance to him enjoyns him silence and awardeth him to pay to the contrary Party all the Costs of Suit. The Bishops of Liege and Utricht with the University of Louvain were joyned with those of Cologne in the Action This Sentence was in the Month of August following printed at Rome So soon as the Emperour came to Ratisbonne and was informed of what had pass'd in the Conference by the Presidents thereof he was extreamly offended at the departure of the Divines and by his circulatory Letters over Germany complains much of it and earnestly presses the Princes to come themselves in person From the Protestants there came only Deputies there were also present Duke Maurice Duke Erick of Brunswick John and Albert of Brandenbourg the Bishops of Trent Ausbourg Bamberg Wirtsbourg Passaw and Hildesseim About the latter end of May King Ferdinand came thither also June the second the Protestants make application to the Emperour complain of the Murder of John Diazi and demand Justice to be done upon the murderer all the Emperour told them was that he would advise about it with his Brother and when they had applied themselves to Ferdinand his Answer was to the same purpose With the Protestants were the Deputies of the Prince Palatine the Archbishop of Cologne Munster Norimberg Ratisbonne and Norlinguen The third day after the Emperour assembles all the States and in his Speech tells them the reasons of calling the Diet. That it was known to them how that most weighty Affairs of the Empire because of the absence of many remaining undetermined in the former Diet of Wormes had been referred to this Assembly but that he did not himself come at the appointed day in the beginning of January it was partly because of his indisposition and partly because the Conference began later than he had expected That he had had respect also to the bitter Winter-season and was unwilling to put them to any unnecessary charges and that though he had business enough to do at home yet he had undertaken the Journey and was the first that came contrary indeed to his expectation since the rest according to his example ought to have preferred the publick before their own private concerns However that he was still confident that they who were detained by sickness would come and the rest send their Deputies with full power and commission That moreover there had been a Conference of learned men appointed at Wormes which had indeed commenced and given him ample hopes that it would have continued so that when he and the other Princes had met here they might have found the Conferours minding their business and have taken cognizance of what had been transacted by them but that now they themselves were sensible that the Conference was dissolved and broken up without any fruit That seeing now it was his earnest desire to pacifie Germany by removing all dissensions about Religion he prayed them to communicate to him what more they thought it fit for him to do in the case that at length he might in discharge of his duty and trust enact somewhat for the publick good That moreover since it was absolutely necessary to the Empire that the Judicature of the Imperial Chamber should be reformed and seeing the manner how that was to be done was already prescribed by Law he did require that they whose right it was should provide Assessors and defray all the charges and not put him to more expences who was already overburdened with charches upon account of the Empire for that it was an intolerable thing and without precedent that Germany should be without Laws and Justice That the Debate about the Turkish War was also put off to this time but that last year the French King had sent him advice that there was hopes of obtaining a Truce and promised his aid and assistance for procuring it and because that not long since the States had given him supplies and that in many places the Crop did not answer expectation he had thought it convenient to give Germany a little relief that it might be able when occasion required to support the necessary charges so that by the mediation of the French King he had made Truce with the Turk for one year but that now since it expired at the end of October and was otherwise often violated as he was informed by his Brother King Ferdinand nor was it known what the issue thereof might prove it was wholly his opinion that seeing the matter required it they would now perform what formerly they had promised concerning supplies and that he on his part would do all that lay in his power both by counsel and acting for the safety and protection of the Empire It is the custom of the Electors to communicate and consult together but at this time the Deputies of the Electors of Mentz and Treves separated from those of Cologne the Palatine Saxony and Brandenbourg struck in with the Papists and having consulted the matter approved the Council of Trent and entreated the Emperour that he would maintain the same and perswade the Protestants to go thither and submit themselves to the Judgment and Decrees thereof The Protestants on the other hand beseech the Emperour that he would maintain Peace and the equal administration of Justice that he would refer the matter of Religion to a lawful Council of Germany a Diet of the Empire or a Conference of learned men to be managed according to a prescribed Rule and Method alledging that the Council of Trent was not the Council that was decreed and promised them in the Diets of the Empire Whilst these matters are under debate a sudden report flies abroad of great preparations for War that were making by the Emperour King Ferdinand and the Pope For since the Emperour had peace with the King of France and the Turk had granted a Truce for this year it was thought a fit time to attempt somewhat Some Bishops and the Emperours
confident your Majesty will find that they have had wrong done them and that they have been upright in their intentions towards their Prince Cast an eye we beseech your Majesty upon the sad condition of Germany wretched indeed both through a long scarcity and dearth of all things and also because of the Turk that formidable and perpetual enemy of the Empire Consider Sir what fidelity the Parents of those great men have shew'd to your Ancestours how true themselves have always been to you and your Brother King Ferdinand when against the Turk and your other Enemies they assisted you even more liberally than any of the rest and are still ready to do the same Consider seriously with yourself how bloudy and dismal a War this is like to prove what sad Evils and Calamities it will bring upon multitudes of innocent People Babes Children Women and the like and do not at the instigation of those men who that they may preserve their own Dominion and Power are our implacable Enemies bring things to such a pass that renowned Germany or indeed any part of that Loyal Countrey being weakened and exhausted of all its strength should become unable any more to resist or put a stop to the progress of the cruel Turk We therefore humbly beseech your Majesty to hearken to the Prayers of your Petitioners whereby you 'l confer upon us the greatest favour we can receive And if any man after a fair hearing and tryal shall contrary to Law and Equity refuse to obey your Commands we will be so far from approving what he does that according to our allegiance we will to the utmost of our power assist your Majesty whom God has set over us as our supreme Lord and Master in reducing of him Duke Maurice who came to Ratisbonne May the twenty-fifth having had a long Conference with the Emperour in private on the twentieth of June departed but what the subject of that Conference was will afterwards of itself appear The Deputies of the Protestants finding all things tending to open War and not daring to consult together about their necessary Affairs nor to write to their Principals for fear of danger drop off one after another and return home June the fifteenth the Emperours sends John Muscher Treasurer of Upper Burgundy Embassadour to the Suizers And after he had premised some things of his good will towards them his affection towards the Publick especially towards Germany and of his desire of the peace thereof he acquaints them that some Princes under pretext of the Gospel did many seditious things overturned all Law that there being no administration of Justice they might boldly act what they pleased that their boldness was now come to such a height that they attempted against his Honour and Dignity threatened open Violence and War and gave no obscure intimations that it was their design in his absence to invade and oppress the common Countrey That for these reasons he was forced to take Arms that for the dignity of his Place and Character he might free the Publick from danger and restrain their insolence nor did he doubt but that God Almighty approved his endeavours that he expected the rest of the States whose safety and preservation lay at stake would assist him with their aid and council That he therefore intreated them that they would not suffer themselves to be perswaded by his adversaries who spightfully broached many odious and evil things of him nor at their instigation act or suffer any thing to be acted within their borders whereby this his purpose might be hindered or retarded For that it was a War undertaken for the welfare of all Germany and for no other cause That they should therefore persist in the ancient Amity and League that was betwixt them that he would do nothing contrary to it himself nor suffer that any of his should but be ready upon all occasions to give them Testimonies of his Love and Favour as hitherto he had done which as by many other instances so chiefly it might be understood by this that he never made Peace with any other Kings or Potentates but that they were comprehended in it The Towns of the Upper Germany and the Duke of Wirtemberg hearing of the Emperour's Answer which Naves made in his Name as we mentioned before wrote instantly to the Duke of Saxony and the Landgrave the Heads of the League and acquainting them with what was doing promise all the assistance and fidelity they can they raise as many Foot as possibly they could and were indeed the first in Arms. Their Army was divided into two Bodies the one that of Prince Ulrick consisting of Four and twenty Ensigns of Foot and many Gentlemen amongst them and the other that which the Towns hir'd and paid When these had joyned at Ulm June the twenty-first they march to Gunsperg and being next day drawn up they encamp in two Bodies The Commanders were John Heideck Schertelin Balthazar Gutling Sebastian Besserer Matthew Langemantel John Harder and Joyce Rosenberger These take an Oath of the Forces of the Cities as the custom is obliging them to certain Conditions and command them to obey and take their Orders from Schertelin until the Princes the Heads of the League should come themselves Then having gone to Wirtemberg's Men and done the like with them they appoint Heideck upon the same conditions to be their Commander This being done Balthazar Gutling a Gentleman by Birth and Counsellor to the Duke of Wirtemberg with the consent of all the rest spake to his Princes Men to this purpose Gentlemen and most dear Fellow-Soldiers The Pope of Rome Satan's Vicar is again about raising a Combustion such as may consume and utterly destroy Germany our Native Countrey and to this he is moved not only by the bitter and irreconcilable hatred wherewith he persecutes the true Religion but also by revenge for the Calamities he suffered some years ago when Rome was taken and sackt by the Germans He hath therefore spurr'd on Charles our most mighty Emperour to make War against our Princes and States who are joyned together in league in hopes that by force and all manner of cruelty he may compel them to submit to his Religion and to observe the Rites of his Diabolical Worship For indeed it is reported for a certain that that proud and accursed slave of Satan hath already a considerable Body of choice Horse and Foot in Arms whom he intends to send to the Emperour it goes current also that the Spaniards are upon their march against us now-what havock and desolation what misery and mischief our Countrey is to expect from foreign Soldiers all men of sence foresee Our Princes and States therefore knowing it to be their duty not only to protect and defend their Subjects from all violence and injury but also to labour and provide that they be not deceived by any false Religion and thereby endanger their own Salvation
Popish Forces arrive at Landishut to the great satisfaction of the Emperour who having intelligence of the approach of the Confederates had by several Messengers entreated them to hasten their March. They consisted of Ten thousand Foot and Five hundred Light-Horsemen who were commanded by Octavio Farnese the Pope's own Grand-son whom he made their General Several famous Officers served under him as Alexander Vitelli John Baptista Savelli Sfortia Palavicini Frederick Savelli Paolo Vitellio Julio Ursini Alexio Lascaris Jerome of Pisa John Maria of Padoua Nicolao Piumbino Nicolao Petiliano and others With these Cosmo de Medices Duke of Florence sent Two hundred Horse under the Conduct of Rudolph Balione and Hercules Duke of Ferrara an hundred Commanded by Alfonso his Bastard-brother To Octavio the Pope joyned his Brother Cardinal Alexander Farnese to be a kind of Spy over the Emperour's Counsels and to incite and spur him on to Action Upon Farnese's departure out of Italy he is said to have boasted That he would make such Slaughter in Germany that his Horse might swim in the Lutherans Blood. Not long after came also the Spaniards whom the Emperour had sent for out of Milan and Naples to the number of about Six thousand all old Soldiers Some of the Chief Officers were Philip Lanoio Prince of Sulmona Alvaro de Sandi Alphonso Vivas and James Acre over whom was Ferdinando de Toledo Duke of Alva the Emperour's Lieutenant-General and next to him John Baptista Castaldo The Cardinal of Ausbourg was Commissary-General In the Emperour's Service were also Maximilian Archduke of Austria Emanuel Philibert Son to the Duke of Savoy Erick Duke of Brunswick and Philip the Son of Duke Henry who was Prisoner George Duke of Meckleburg George Duke of Brunswick Duke Henry's Brother a Church-man Ferderick Count of Furstemberg Renard Count of Solmes and many others In the Protestant Camp were John Ernest Duke of Saxony the Elector's Brother John Frederick the Elector's Son Philip Duke of Brunswick with his four Sons Ernest Albert John and Wolfgang Francis Duke of Lunenburg Wolfgang Prince of Anhalt Christopher Count Henneberg George Count Wirtemberg Albert Count Mansfield with his two Sons John and Volrat Louis Count Oetinghen with his Son of the same Name William Count Furstenberg Christopher Count Oldenburg Hubert Count Bichling and Count Heideck besides Record Rifeberg and eight Ensigns of Suitzers All the Forces being then Rendezvoused except those which the Count of Buren was bringing from the Lower Germany the Emperour decamped and marched towards Ratisbonne So soon as that was known some began to suspect that his Design was upon Misnia and Saxony and therefore the Confederates having caused Bridges to be made pass their Army over the Danube But having advanced a little towards Nortgow Advice comes from Ratisbonne that the Emperour was marching to Ingolstadt That made them change their March and by rough and stony Ways return again to the Danube lest the Emperour should possess himself of Newburg three Miles above Ingolstadt and of Donawert and by that means have an open Passage into the Dutchy of Wirtemberg Next day after they were come to Nassefels the Landgrave advanced with a small Party of Men that he might view Ingolstadt not knowing that the Emperour's Forces were there for he had heard but of a few Spaniards in Garrison and those he intended to provoke to a Skirmish But as he was advancing a Party of the Prince of Sulmona's Horse sally out and charging the Landgrave some were killed on both sides and many wounded Prisoners also were taken who gave intelligence that the Emperour was that day to encamp at Ingolstadt The Elector of Saxony was highly displeased at that Action of the Landgrave and threatned to leave the Army if any such thing for the future were done without his knowledge The whole Army in the mean time was drawn out but after they had for some time stood to their Arms in posture of giving Battel they retreated again to their Camp. In the fore-part of the Night following the Spaniards break into Count Heideck's Quarters who commanded under the Duke of Saxony and kill him an hundred Foot-Soldiers Some of their own Men they lost also so that there was a great Tumult in the Camp which was much encreased by the darkness of the Night The day following being the twenty ninth of August some Captains of Horse and Foot were sent out to view the Situation of the Enemies Camp. Those some Italian Horse who were in Ambush suddenly charge and many being killed on both sides the Protestants were fain to retreat to their Camp without any Success Wherefore next day the Landgrave himself marches out with a small Party of chosen Men to try if he could make any sure Discovery and having found a Foard though the Scouts that had been sent out before him said there was none he returns to the Duke of Saxony and acquaints him that the Horse might pass the River On the last of August then they resolved to march by break of day and possess themselves of a higher Ground where the Beacon of Ingolstadt sometime stood and from thence play upon the Enemies Camp with their Ordnance that so perhaps they might draw the Emperour out to Battel When the Night was far gone the Duke of Saxony sends word to the Landgrave at two several times That the Emperour was gone and that his Camp was all in a Smoke But he giving no credit to that Report orders out five Troops of Horse under the command of William Schacht to possess themselves of the Foard and to make Bridges for passing over the Infantry and Artillery A little after he himself follows in great haste with the rest of his Forces and whole Train of Artillery When he was come to the River Schacht tells him That the Emperour was not removed which News he sent to the Duke of Saxony and marching forwards made himself Master of the Hill we mentioned and planted some Field-pieces upon it His Men also he posted on the right and left which also the Duke of Saxony did as soon as he arrived THE HISTORY OF THE Reformation of the Church BOOK XVIII The CONTENTS The Landgrave's Advice to fall upon the Enemy is not approved The Suitzers will not joyn in this War. Wherefore the Landgrave and Duke of Saxony sollicite the Bohemians and fully answer the Emperour's Accusations They remove their Camp that they may hinder the passage of the Count of Buren Peter Stroza promises to lend them Money but basely disappoints them Donawert is surrendered to the Emperour In the mean time Duke Maurice assembles all the States of his Dominions against the Duke of Saxony to these the Landgrave makes answer The Bohemians and Hungarians invade the Territories of the Duke of Saxony and there spoils plunder satiate their unlawful Lusts and put all to Fire and Sword. Duke Maurice takes most part of his Towns by surrender At Meaux
only we but all those also who profess the Reformed Religion are in danger and that the great Design in hand is wholly to re-establish Popery Let all men judge then of the fairness of their Proceedings when in the late Diet at Ratisbonne they endeavoured to perswade and solemnly averred that they would use only lawful and peaceful Remedies for healing the breaches of Religion Lately said the Landgrave he told me at Spire That he was not engaged in any League with the Pope the same also said Granvell This then is that Fatherly Affection that Zeal for and Love of Peace whereof they so much brag and so often Was ever the like heard that they should endeavour to perswade Princes of one thing and in the mean time resolve the quite contrary We are sensible enough of the Duty of the Princes to the Emperour and what on the other hand he is engaged to perform as we stand obliged to him so is he mutually to us Now that he Proscribes and Outlaws us without a fair hearing and endeavours to turn us out of all he therein dissolves the Obligation in Law whereby the Lord or Superiour is mutually bound to his Tenant or Vassal That he objects to us the Crime of Rebellion it is a meer sham also and he himself knows that he does us wrong in that For not long since said the Landgrave he gave me Thanks at Spire that I had used my utmost diligence to compose the Differences about Religion Now whereas he says that I prepared for War and exacted Money of some States I do not indeed deny it and weighty reasons I had too for making Preparations But it is publickly known that by the mediation of Louis the Elector Palatine and of Richard Archbishop of Traves that whole matter was husht nay he himself acquainted me by his Letters that though he had been highly displeased with me for what I had done yet because I had laid down Arms he required no more besides when sixteen years ago he spoke to me of the same Affair at Ausbourg I justified my self so well in presence of King Ferdinand Frederick Prince Palatine and some others that he was satisfied therewith he cannot then make that any part of his present quarrel That I assisted Ulrick Duke of Wirtemberg at the intercession of the Duke of Saxony and George Archbishop of Mentz that matter was also taken up and I received again into favour which transaction he himself ratified and afterward at Ratisbonne fully pardoned me upon his Royal Word He now also speaks of the War of Brunswick but the cause of that we made manifest by a publick Declaration and two years since gave a fuller account of the same in a most frequent Diet of the Empire where he was present Duke Henry did indeed answer then but the Emperour refused to hear our Replies Now the reason why he did not bring the Tryal to a full issue and with the Advice of the rest of the Princes give Sentence therein at that time was forsooth because demanding then Supplies against the French and Turks he purposely put a stop to the Suit and ordered a Sequestration wherein we also condescended to him at Wormes though we were not obliged and it was agreed on both hands that Frederick Prince Palatine and his Cousin John Prince Palatine of Simmeren should hold and govern the Province which we had taken until the Cause should be brought to a final decision according to Law this being done he past his Word to us that the Duke of Brunswick should likewise comply and by Letters strictly enjoyned him to do so but he slighting the Orders raised War against us and therein was made Prisoner as appears by a Declaration published by me and Duke Maurice In this War then we did nothing undutifully nothing contrary to Law and appeal to impartial Judgment But from that very thing it will easily appear what his Intentions are as to our Religion For though Duke Henry most sawcily despised his Orders and when he heard of the Sequestration reviled him in very reproachful Language yet because he is an implacable Enemy to our Religion he was never called to any Account for it Where he saith That we have brought some under subjection to us it is far otherwise and has been answered by us several times before But that may be truly said of him who hath reduced some Provinces and Bishopricks of the Empire under his Jurisdiction and against this War hath had in many places Meetings of Nobles that he might to our destruction engage them to himself This we acknowledge indeed That we have received some into our Protection upon account that if they should incur any danger for professing the Gospel we might stand by and defend them and that we look upon to be our duty since God commands us to help the afflicted Now for many Years past and at this time especially none stand more in need of Help and Protection than they who are reckoned Lutherans In other things that related not to Religion we never gave them any Countenance but always exhorted them to give the Magistrate his due He objects to us also That we disswaded others from repairing to the Diet but that is very impertinent since on the first of April last we sent Orders to our Deputies who met at Wormes when he was going to Ratisbonne That waving all other Business they should repair to that Diet and that we either came in Person or sent our Deputies to all the other Diets of the Empire What he saith of the Imperial Chamber and the interruption of Justice hath been many times refuted already He moreover brings an Instance of the Heathen Magistrates to shew That it is not lawful to resist him Whereas we have not only done our Duty but more also than either we ought or our Forefathers were accustomed to do to our own great loss and prejudice and that upon that account he hath not the least cause of complaint it will appear by what shall be said hereafter A certain Embassadour lately sent to him from the French King hapned occasionally to speak of this War telling him That he undertook a Matter of very great concern That he would do well to consider with himself how powerful Germany was and how dangerous the Attempt That if one or two perhaps had offended a Course might be taken to accommodate the Matter without a War. Whereunto he is said to have made this Answer That there was no need of an Accommodation That he would subdue Germany or put all to the risque for that the Strength thereof was not so very great that he needed to be afraid of it That it was now above twenty years since he had laid down his Measures for accomplishing that Design That in several Wars they had given him frequent Supplies and lately too against the King his own Master That they had been at great Charges in several Diets That they had lost
much of their Military Force also in many Wars and that he had brought about all these things that Germany might be weakned in strength and brought low so that this was then a very fit time for Actin An honest and worthy Gentleman who had this Speech from the Ambassdor's own Mouth told us all Why does he then lay the Cause of the War at our Door seeing it is so long since he himself projected it when we were no more but private Persons and as yet wallowed in the Puddle of Popery Now had he stood to his Covenants and Decrees we also would have done our Duty But because he hath broken them and that God is to be obeyed rather than Man let him e'en take the Blame to himself For since he contrives the Ruine of our Religion and Liberty he gives us a lawful Ground to oppose him with a good Conscience and in the Circumstances we now stand in it is lawful to resist as may be made out both by Sacred and Profane History For God is not the Author of Violence and Injustice nor are we any other way obliged to him than according as he fulfils the Conditions upon which he was created Emperour He confesseth That he hath privately transacted with us which we are very glad to hear Why then should he raise a War for those Matters which have been once fairly accommodated For it can no ways be made out that we have been guilty of any Rebellion either before or since these Transactions But the Case standeth thus Five and twenty years since he made a Decree at Wormes and published an Edict with most severe Penalties against Luther and all that followed his Doctrine Now it is his Design by this War to put that Edict in execution We never aspired to his Scepter nor Crown being content with our own Lands and Revenues which we pray God we may be allowed peaceably to enjoy If what he says be true why did we so often give him assistance and but two years ago against the French King also For which good Office he ought to forget any small Offence we might have committed even though no Accommodation had been made We never spoke irreverently of him but rather always extolled him for the Opinion we had of his Virtues No scandalous or infamous Libels nor Pictures were ever published by our Divines or any others against him On the contrary our Divines and Learned Men gave him always very high Commendadations in their Sermons exhorted the People to do the like and made publick Prayers for his Health and Prosperity Perhaps indeed they published some against Popery and we had no reason to forbid them But how sawcily and ignominiously Cochleus Hadomar and the Carmelite of Cologne inveighed against us our Associates and Divines even when they met at Ratisbonne for setling of Differences is notoriously known He objects to us Conspiracies and Conventicles and in that as in all things else he does us great injury For we are true Germans born and bred very averse and great Strangers to such Tricks and Artifices as having been for many Years past contrived against us now at length discover themselves That we might indeed defend our selves against unjust Violence we entred into a League we deny not and did it only to secure our selves but not to offend any Man as in another Declaration we have already made it appear And five Years since saith the Landgrave when I transacted with the Emperour in the Diet at Ratisbonne Granvell assured me and my Chancellor at that time That the Emperour was not at all offended at that League but could be content that we brought over as many as we could to joyn with us Afterwards he has some blind Hints as if we had invited the Turk into Germany which certainly falls of it self For we both contributed Assistance at all times against the Turk even greater than any of our Ancestors had done and did do so also when we were no ways obliged to it because of non-performance of Conditions and when some other that had promised Assistance gave none at all But it hath been talked on long ago how he and his Brother dealt with the Turk to make an Invasion and subdue us and our Associates only Supplies were lately given him against the French King by publick Decree He then promised That so soon as he concluded that War he would forthwith march against the Turk He afterwards made Peace with the Enemy without the consent of those with whose Money he carried on the War and now he bends all his Force against us Is it not a rare Spectacle to see great Guns brought out of Austria to serve in this War and in the mean time neighbouring Hungary wasted by a most cruel Enemy The Crimes he lays to our Charge Seditions Conspiracies High Treasons and what not are all imaginary nor is there any other Cause of War than what we have often already mentioned He saith That he hath condescended more to us than became him and connived at many things not without grief and trouble of Conscience But that is meer Hypocrisie also For it was his desire long since to have made War against us but was hindred by the Times and was forced to delay it till now that he had Peace with the Duke of Cleve the King of France and the Turk What his Inclinations have been the sad and grievous Punishments inflicted upon harmless and pious Men throughout his Dominions sufficiently declare And that he heretofore transacted with us also we find now to have been done only that all other Affairs dispatched he might have nothing to mind but only this War. A thing that I could never have suspected saith the Landgrave considering the extraordinary Kindness and Civility wherewith he lately treated me at Spire at which time also Naves dealt with my Chancellor that that Conference might be kept secret Now the scope of this his Accusation is that he may divide our Confederates from us and therefore he charges us with Tyranny Rapine and Disturbance of the Government but very unjustly For we severely punish Rapine and Robbery within our Territories and upon that account have purchased to our selves no small Hatred However John Diaz a most innocent Man was in a horrid and unparallell'd manner robbed of his Life and murdered the Parricide his Brother was taken and indited the Princes earnestly moved that such a barbarous Villany should be punished But what came on 't all The Thing speaks it self He casts the Blame of all the Troubles and Stirs upon us but it is his own Edict of Wormes that hath raised all the Commotions for though he has been often and earnestly sollicited by us yet would he never abrogate it and our Adversaries have always rested upon it as upon a firm Foundation especially Henry Duke of Brunswick who entred into a League with some before the Diet of Ausbourg and it is publickly known what the end of that Diet
few chosen out of the rest of the States that so villanous a purpose was contrived Since therefore I am now by Gods blessing come with an Army to my own Borders again I am fully resolved to be even with your Prince and to use all necessary means for the defence and recovery of my Country and in so doing I shall endeavour by a just Revenge to make you also especially the Authors of such damnable Counsels truly sensible how heynous an injury it is that I have received It troubles me indeed that matters are brought to such a pass and I am sorry for the Calamities of our common Country but since you gave the beginning to them and that I am necessitated to free my Country from unjust Violence and Oppression I protest that all the Evils that may thereupon ensue are not to be imputed to me Such of you also as have had no hand in this Crime and are ready to make your innocence appear to me may freely do it and be graciously received The King of Denmark though a Confederate sent no assistance to the Protestants The Emperour removing from Hall to Hailbrun and having received the Towns-people into favour sent the Duke of Alva into the Country of Wirtemberg as we said before who having taken some places upon capitulation did a great deal of damage there But at the sollicitation of the Prince Palatine on the third of January the Duke of Wirtemberg made his Peace on these terms That by reason of is his sickness he send Embassadours to make his submission and humbly beg the Emperour's pardon That within six weeks time he would do the same in person That he observe the Emperour 's publick Decrees That he give no assistance to the Duke of Saxony and Landgrave of Hesse but aid the Emperour in putting into execution the Outlawry published against them That he suffer not the Emperour's Enemies to have any Commerce within his Territories That he make no League wherein the Emperour King Ferdinand and the House of Austria shall not be comprehended If any of his Subjects bear Arms against the Emperour King Ferdinand and House of Austria he punish them severely That he take an Oath of his Nobility not to serve in any such Wars That he give free and open passage to the Emperour whenever it shall please him to march through his Country That he deliver up all the Ammunition and Ordnance which the Confederates have left in his Country That for the charges of the War he pay three hundred thousand Florins one half in hand and the rest within five and twenty days That for security Achsperg Kirchen and Schortendorff shall be put into the Emperour's hands as cautionary Towns to be garrisoned by him at his pleasure That he compound with those whom he hath damnified in this War and if he cannot that he stand to the Emperour's Award That both he and his Son shall submit to the Court of high Burgundy when they go to law in those places That he punish none of his Subjects who surrendered themselves to the Emperour That King Ferdinand retain his whole Right and Title That within six weeks his Son Christopher and his people ratifie and confirm the Articles and that his Brother George enjoy not the benefit of this Peace January the third as we said these Articles were drawn up in writing and five days after the Embassadours of Duke Ulrick Balthasar Gultling Lodovick Fravenburg and John Fesler a Lawyer came to Hailbrun and falling at the Emperour's feet told his Majesty that their Prince being by sickness hindered from coming in person had sent them to make his excuse That he did openly confess his fault was heartily sorry for the Crime he had committed and by all that was sacred begg'd to be received again into favour and that the utmost rigour might not be used against him and his people for that he both ratified the Articles of Peace and so soon as his health did permit would come in person to beg his Pardon and would never be unmindful of so great a favour To this Naves makes answer in the Emperour's name That he was satisfied with his confession of his fault and begging pardon for the same and that in mercy and compassion he was willing to spare the multitude and forgive him provided he perform the Conditions of Pacification and be diligent in doing his duty for the future After them came the Embassadours of Memmingen Bibrach Ravensburg Kempen and Isne and humbly confessed their fault and begg'd pardon that they had offended him to which they said they were induced partly by their own errour and partly by the inticement of others but that they fled to him as to a Fountain of Mercy beseeching him to forgive and restore them to their former state and condition without any diminution of their ancient Liberties and Priviledges The Emperour thereupon takes an Oath of them That they would be faithful to him for the future obey the same Laws as the rest of the States did renounce the League they had entered into with the Duke of Saxony and Landgrave and no ways assist them and that thenceforward they should engage in no League against him Upon these Conditions he receives them again into favour and fines the City of Memmingen in fifty thousand Florins Before they appeared in the Emperour's presence they desired to have assurance given them that their Religion should not be altered But Naves whom the Emperour made use of then as his chief Spokes man in those affairs bid them have a special care not to mention any such thing for that otherwise he would look upon it as a sign that they distrusted him especially since he had sufficiently declared himself as to that particular in the beginning of the War That therefore they should rest content and require no further security And this was thought to have been done lest that if it had been refused them it would have seemed that other things were aimed at than what the Emperour had professed in his publick Declarations and that if it had been granted in express terms it would have offended the Pope whose design was that by this War the Protestant Religion should be utterly extirpated At that time a Sedition broke forth in Genoa against the Family of Doria the Head of which was then Andrea the ablest Sea-Commander living who by the Emperour's interest was advanced to be the Leading-man in that Commonwealth The chief Ringleader of this Tumult was the Count of Fieschi and in the Scuffle Joannin Doria a Relation of Andrea's a man of great valour was amongst others killed And had not the Count of Fieschi dropt into the Sea and perished there it was thought much mischief would have been done and the Republick been in very great danger but he being taken off the rest of the Conspirators slunk away and so a great calm presently succeeded that storm The
perform their Duties especially the Free Towns and not be prevailed upon to forsake their League February the thirteenth an Embassador came from the French King to Strasbourg one Mendoza an exiled Spaniard who made large Offers and Promises in his Master's Name But the Senate had already concluded to send Deputies to the Emperour to treat of Peace so that he departed without any Success in his Negotiation The Deputies they sent to the Emperour were James Sturmey Matthias Pharrer and Mark Hagie Their Instructions were to go to Ulm and learn for a certain what the Conditions were that the Emperour would be pleased to accept of in Capitulating Anthony Bishop of Arras was then of the Emperour's Council for his Father Granvell was gone to Besanzon and about the same time Naves died to whose Place one George Selden a Civilian afterwards succeeded who because of the multiplicity of the Affairs of Germany had John Marquard of Baden and Henry Hasen who had formerly been Counsellor to the Prince Palatine and lately to the Duke of Deux ponts a Man very well versed in the Affairs of Germany assigned him for Colleagues and Assistants King Ferdinand that he might encourage the Bohemians who as I told you declined the War February the sixth undertook a Progress with his Son young Ferdinand and came to Leutmeritz a Town upon the Borders of Bohemia He staid there a day or two before the Nobility and States came and at their Meeting made a long Speech to them telling them amongst other things That since Duke Maurice implored his Aid he entreated them to take Arms both in respect of the ancient Alliance betwixt the two Nations as that they were the Emperours Vassals also And that because some gave it out that by so doing their Liberties would be infringed he promised to give them Security that it should not be made a President in time to come The States then present alledged That they could not make any publick Resolution without the Consent of the rest and therefore they desire that he would call a Convention of States as soon as he could Some others promised him their Service and Obedience and these were the Governours of Towns whom he therefore thanked telling the others at large That this was not a time for debating but that the Occasion required present Help against the Enemy That so soon as the War was over he would not refuse to call a Convention of States nor was he resolved to inpair the Liberties of any man That therefore he desired them to comply and follow him At length fearing the King's displeasure seeing he had spoken with some heat they condescend and promise that if they did not serve in the Field themselves they would find others But about the thirteenth day of February the Nobility and the Citizens of Prague write to the King and beseech him That since he insisted upon new and unprecedented Orders he would call a Convention of States to meet at Prague the twentieth day of March but that if he could not they beg of him not to take it ill if they themselves should meet and determine what was to be done In answer he represents to them what was done at Leutmeritz and promises to call a Convention by the eighteenth of April charging them not to meet nor attempt any thing in the mean time However within four days after he had written to them to that purpose they make a League and Covenant for the Defence of their Liberty When Marquess Albert was come into Saxony Duke Maurice assigned him the Town of Rochlitz for his Head-quarter which was the Dowry of the Landgrave's Sister a Widow Duke George's Daughter-in-law The Elector John Frederick who then lay at Aldenburg three Miles distant having notice of this March the first sends before in the night-time Ernest Duke of Lunenburg and Volrate Count Mansfield with some Troops of Horse and Record with his Regiment of Foot till he himself should come up with the rest of his Forces Next morning before it was day a few Horse being sent out upon the Scout fall upon the Out-guards of the Enemy of whom some were taken and the rest fled to the Town There was four Companies of Foot in the Suburbs who with a Party of Marquess Albert's Horse sallied out by break of day and came to an Engagement with the Saxonians who put them so to it that they were beat back and forced to retreat into the Suburbs But when the Elector who led the main Body was come and from an adjoyning Hill plaid with his great Guns into the Town his Foot at the same time having entred the Suburbs and fired it the four Companies of Foot we mentioned betake themselves to flight over the Bridge as the Horse did foarding over the River Muldaw The Foot then who were now Masters of the Suburbs boldly advance take the Town by Assault plunder it and carry away the great Guns In the heat of the Action Marquess Albert bethinks himself of flying and makes for the Bridge but being in his way taken by Ernest Duke of Lunenburg he is brought Prisoner to the Elector There was a Garrison of six Companies of Foot besides Horse in the Town who drawing together into a Body resolved to defend themselves but being overpowred by number they yield and being disarmed promise not to carry Arms against the Duke of Saxony and his Confederates for six Months time and so are dismissed The Horse went in pursuit of those four Companies of Foot which as we said fled over the Bridge and killed most of them and amongst these many Italians and Spaniards Marquess Albert had what of King Ferdinand and what of the Emperour about fifteen hundred Horse ten Companies of Foot and fourteen Pieces of Ordnance The Conflict lasted from break of day till noon wherein the Elector did not lose many Men but amongst those Wolf Theoderick a Man of great Courage who died of a Shot he had received some days after the Action Of the Imperialists were killed in the Town a thousand and without and in the River three hundred After the Conflict the Elector returned to Aldenburg with his Prisoner and afterward made the whole matter known in Bohemia assuring the States that he would not attempt any thing contrary to their League and demanding Justice to be done upon those who had invaded his Country and put all to Fire and Sword. The Duke of Wirtemberg had stipulated That as soon as his Health did permit he would come and beg the Emperour's Pardon He came then to Ulm in the Month of March though very weak still in Body and sitting in a Chair with the Emperour's leave because he was not able to move nor stir himself he ordered some of his Counsellors to beg Pardon for him on their Knees promising all Duty and Obedience for the future The Emperour having given him a frank and
generous Answer immediately departed and because of the Saxon-War went to Nordlingen Whilst the Duke of Wirtemberg performed this Ceremony of Submission there was a vast Crowd of People got together who being told of it before flocked thither to see the Shew In those three Places we named before of the Dutchy of Wirtemberg the Emperour had already placed Garrisons and chiefly Spaniards THE HISTORY OF THE Reformation of the Church BOOK XIX The CONTENTS The Seventh Session of the Council of Trent is held When the City of Strasbourg had captitulated and made Peace with the Emperour he orders his Army to advance Shortly after the Death of the King of England Francis King of France dies The Fathers that were at Trent go to Bolonia The Duke of Saxony is taken in Battel and though he was condemned to die yet with undaunted Courage he professed the Reformed Religion Wirtemberg being surrendred the University is dissolved Duke Maurice and the Elector of Brandenburg earnestly intercede for the Landgrave who being come to wait on the Emperour is detained Prisoner King Ferdinand by Letters to those of Prague appoints a Convention of States A great Commotion raised at Naples because of the Spanish Inquisition as they call it Henry King of France is Crowned and the Solemnity of the Coronation described The Emperour by Proclamation puts the City of Magdenburg to the Ban of the Empire He sollicits the Suitzers to enter into a new League A Diet is held at Ausburg Petro Aloisio the Pope's Son is assassinated in his own House The English overcome the Scots in a great Battel The Protestant Electors are prevailed with and the Free Towns terrified A Contention ariseth about the Imprisonment of the Landgrave Means are used for recalling the Fathers to Trent but they who had removed to Bolonia firmly persist in their Opinion and Resolution so that there is nothing but Confusion in the Council of Trent THE Seventh Session of the Council of Trent was held the third day of March. In it were condemned all who maintain either that the Sacraments of the Church were fewer than Seven or that they were not all instituted by Christ who deny that one is of more Dignity than another who affirm that they are only outward Signs of Grace or Righteousness received by Christ who deny that they confer Grace who hold that no spiritual and indelible Character or Mark is by Baptism Confirmation and Orders stamped upon the Soul and that all have like power to administer them or that the usual Ceremonies of the Church may be omitted or altered in the Administration of the same who say that the Doctrine of the Church of Rome the Mother and Mistress of all others concerning Baptism is not sincere That Vows made after Baptism are of no force and derogate from the Faith they have professed who assert That Confirmation is but an idle Ceremony and was no more in ancient Times but an Instruction of Youth who deny the Virtue and Influence of the Holy Ghost to be conferred in Confirmation and who assign the Office of Confirmation not to Bishops solely but indifferently also to any Priest Then they make Decrees concerning Ecclesiastical Benefices That Bishops and other Rulers of the Church be lawfully begotten of due Age and conspicuous for Good Manners and Learning That no Man of what Quality he be do by any Title whatsoever possess more than one Bishoprick and that such as have Pluralities keep which of them they please and resign the others within a Year That those who have the Cure of Souls reside upon the Place and substitute no others to officiate for them unless for a time and so as that they have made appear to their Bishop that they had a lawful cause of Absence which is to be allowed of by him who is to take care that the People be not neglected that the Faults of Priests be punished and what is amiss amongst them reformed And then the one and twentieth of April is appointed for the Day of the next Session King Ferdinand being at Dresden with Duke Maurice on the eighth day of March writes to the Bohemians acquainting them That Duke John Frederick was resolved to invade them That therefore they should be upon their Guard and obey Sebastian Weittemull whom he had appointed to be his Vicegerent in his absence The Deputies of Strasbourg who as we told you went to Ulm being come back with the Conditions prescribed by the Emperour which the Senate did not dislike are sent back again to transact and make a final Conclusion Setting out upon their Journey then they find the Emperour at Nordlingen taken ill of the Gout and having March the one and twentieth made their Submission are received into Favour They had pretty tolerable Conditions for the Emperour put no Garrison upon them was satisfied with Thirty thousand Florins and did not exact above twelve Pieces of Ordnance of them The Elector of Brandenburg in the mean time bestirred himself affectionately in behalf of the Landgrave and applied himself also to King Ferdinand But very hard Conditions were proposed which were these That he approve without exception all the future Decrees of the Diet of the Empire That he give one of his Sons in Hostage That he dismiss Duke Henry of Brunswick and his Son and submit to the Emperour's Decision as to the Difference betwixt them That he send the Emperour a Supply of some Troops of Horse and eight Companies of Foot against the Elector of Saxony and the Confederates and that he pay them for six Months That he submit himself to the Emperour and openly confess his Crimes But he rejected the Conditions and acquainted his Friends by Letters That unless they were mitigated he had rather seeing he could not in Honour condescend to them undergo the worst of Fortunes The day the Emperour transacted with the Strasburgers he parted from Nordlingen to go to Norimberg And next day upon the Road having dispatched Letters to the States of Duke Maurice he tells them That forasmuch as that Outlaw John Frederick flying to his own Home had not only regained what the Prince Elector Maurice had by his Orders taken from him but those Places also which King Ferdinand his Brother possessed in that Country as Dependents on Bohemia he was now upon the march to come and repress his Boldness Wherefore he charged them in the first place that they should take care that in those Places through which he was to march with his Army nothing might be wanting that was necessary and that the Soldiers might be kindly used In the next place That they should despise the Threats of John Frederick and shew all Love and Duty to their Prince as they had hitherto done since the main Design of the present War was to daunt his insolent Fierceness and to settle Peace and Quietness amongst them The very same day he wrote to the Council and Magistrates
they would never have had an hand sure in enticing a Noble Prince their Kinsman and near Relation into such streights and in being the Instruments of his Imprisonment Nor indeed had they any knowledge thereof till after Supper that the Duke of Alva told them That he must remain in the Castle as in Custody But however it be they acted generously and fairly as we said in the beginning And since they also engaged their Faith and Promise your Majesty may easily perceive how heavy it must needs lye upon them their Children and Relations if after so many and frequent intercessions and all security given he be longer detained Prisoner You see in like manner most mighty Sir since you have German-blood in your Veins what they ought to do for their Honour and Reputations sake according to the ancient and received Custom of the German Nobility when the Sons of the Captive Prince claim their Right and put them to it to answer according to the Form of their Obligation and that they could not excuse themselves to other Princes though either the Power of suing or the Bond and Obligation which they have were taken from them Now if the Landgrave who is neither by Compact nor Promise given but upon the occasion we mentioned kept Prisoner did through impatience and the irksomness of so long a custody essay some means of procuring his own Liberty and if perhaps his Servants did attempt somewhat against his Guards the Princes earnestly desire that that may not be prejudicial to them But seeing that by reason of their Obligation they lie under great streights out of which none but your Majesty under God can relieve them since you know how they came to strike upon that Rock and since your Majesty has good experience of their Loyalty Affection and Duty when in the worst of times according to the Example of their Ancestors they ventured their Fortunes Lives and Blood in your Service it is their most hearty and earnest suit to your Majesty that you would relieve them by releasing your Prisoner and therein have regard to them who honour and love you and not to what the Landgrave hath done Especially since not a few of their Families have spared neither cost nor danger in serving you Ancestors and the House of Austria and Burgundy And if it be feared that if he were at liberty he would flinch from his Articles you are not ignorant Sir granting it should be so of what the Nobility and People of Hesse are bound to by Oath and what the Princes have given your Majesty security for But if you demand more ample security they have not only offered that already but now again do it and have impowered us to treat about the same They are of opinion also that all the Conditions which could presently be performed are already fulfilled But if you would know the reason why the Castles have not been so soon demolished they make no doubt but that the Prisoners Sons can satisfie your Majesty and then if any more be wanting to be done they will use their utmost endeavours that you have all just content given you Wherefore if ever they themselves their Fathers or Grand-fathers have done any thing that has been acceptable to your Majesty to the Emperour Maximilian or to any of your Progenitors or if you think that they can be able to do any thing for the future that may be pleasant and agreeable to you They beg of you again and again that you would now suffer them to reap some fruit of it and that you would give Life to that Hope and Promise which you made to them First at Hall then at Naumburg and lastly at Ausburg that so they may serve and honour you from henceforth with greater promptitude and alaâ—rity and have cause to glory that the Fidelity and Service which they have formerly performed to your Majesty hath been well bestowed and amply rewarded For if otherwise they can obtain nothing at present you may conjecture Dread Sovereign what inconvenience will ensue upon it when they are forced to appear publickly and justifie their own innocence But it is still their Hope Sir that you will listen to their Prayers They 'll take that indeed as the greatest favour you can oblige them by and not only they but the Landgrave himself his Sons and all their Relations will ever make it their earnest endeavours to express their gratitude for the same And because their Reputation is so deeply engaged in the thing they have solicited other Princes to intercede with them also whose Ambassadours stand now before your Majesty And for this end have they done it that what they themselves by Prayers Agents and Letters could not hitherto obtain from you by their Recommendation and Favour they might effect and they pray your Majesty to take it so When thus they had spoken they presented to him the Letters of Ferdinand King of the Romans Albert Duke of Bavaria and the Brothers of Lunenburg in favour of the Landgrave Now the Princes who interceded by Ambassadours were Frederick the Elector Palatine Wolffgang Duke of Deuxponts John Marquess of Brandeburg Henry and John Albert Dukes of Meckleburg Ernest Marquess of Baden and Christopher Duke of Wirtemburg Their Ambassadours presently after the foregoing Speech had been spoken shew'd their Commissions and then told their Errand The Electoral Princes Duke Maurice and the Marquess of Brandeburg say they being in great perplexities upon occasion of the Landgrave's detention as they said and intending to supplicate your Majesty in his behalf most gracious Emperour have entreated our Princes to intercede joyntly with them that through their Recommendation the suit might have greater weight with your Majesty Which Office in so reasonable a thing they could not deny them considering the intimate Friendship and Relation they have to one another Since the Case is so then as the Ambassadours of both the Princes have now made it sufficiently appear And seeing if he should be longer detained it must needs redound to the disadvantage and opprobry of those who have pawned their Faith and Honour to him the Princes who have sent â—s pray and beseech your Majesty to take these things into serious consideration for they think themselves very much concerned also that the Dignity Honour and Reputation of the other Princes do not suffer nor can any thing afflict them more than that their Fame should be â—ullied with any stain which cannot be avoided unless the Captive Prince be set at liberty They therefore earnestly beg that these Prayers and Intercessions may prevail with your Majesty and that he may be speedily released especially since he hath acknowledged his fault humbly begg'd pardon for the same and hath been now a long while in custody but above all because the necessary Obligation of two Electors does require it who in acting a fair and generous part and endeavouring to gratifie your Majesty have run themselves into these
desired only that they would furnish him with Provisions and that he might March with his Army through their Country promising them all Good-will and Friendship He made use of the Cardinal of Lenoncour as his Agent who commended his Zeal and good Intentions to the Senate The Constable had written to them also most friendly but when he was come nearer the Town with his Forces he desired to be let in and obtained it and next day he made himself Master of the Gates and all the Works and Fortifications Afterward on the eighteenth of April the King himself came also and stayed four days there He obliged the Senate and People to take an oath of Allegiance to him and appointed Monsieur Gonnâ—r to be their Governour with orders to disarm them to carry all their Weapons into one place and to fortifie the Town the same he did in those Cities we mentioned In Lorrain also and by Messengers sent before to Strasbourg Haguenaw all the neighbouring places and to the Bishop of Strasburg he demanded supplies of Corn and Provisions Ausburg being taken as we said the old Town-Council whom the Emperor had turned out restored and the Power of Election also being again confirmed to the Companies the confederate Princes marched to Ulm which had refused to enter into League with them When on the twelfth of April they were come thither they rode about the Town but being shot at with the great Guns from within they demanded satisfaction for the Injury done unto them and rated it at three hundred Thousand Florins which being refused they fell to Hostilities But Duke Maurice went from thence to Lintz a City of Austria that he might understand from King Ferdinand what the conditions of Peace were for he as I said was by consent of the Emperor Mediator The Emperor in the mean time had by Letters exhorted the chief Princes of the Empire to use their endeavours to quench this Conflagration and find out some means of Peace wherein he would not be wanting and when some implored sucours from him as being unable to act any thing against so great force to encourage them he made answer that there was a treaty of Peace on Foot which he hoped would take effect but if otherwise that he would not be wanting neither to them nor the Publick The Princes having besieged Ulm six days on the nineteenth of April removed to Stocach a Town in Hegow where they received three Months Pay in the French King's Name as it had been agreed and Gamey de la Mark the French Hostage was delivered up for the other de Nantueil died on the way thither The Hostages whom the Princes gave the King were Christopher Duke of Meckelburg and Philip the Landgrave's Son. April the last the Princes returned to the Danube some Miles below Ulm. In the mean time Albert of Brandenburg burnt and destroyed the Towns and Villages belonging to Ulm raised Contributions from them and took their Castle of Helfenstein seated on a high Hill putting a Garrison therein He also raised a Contribution of eighteen Thousand Florins from the Town of Gislingen three Miles distant from Ulm and some adjoyning Villages When Duke Maurice came to Lintz he offered Proposals about the setting at Liberty the Landgrave his Father-in-Law about settling the difference concerning Religion the right Establishment of the Government about the making Peace with the French King their Confederate and the reception of the outlawed Persons into Favour These were the Rhinegrave and others whom we mentioned before amongst whom also was Count Heideck who some years before had put himself under the Protection of Duke Maurice as hath been said but on whose head the Emperor had set no rate that he might not offend Duke Maurice as it is credible To these demands King Ferdinand with whom were his Son Maximilian his Son-in-Law the Duke of Bavaria and the Emperor's Ambassadors made answer that the Emperor did not refuse but that the Landgrave might be set at Liberty yet so that they presently laid down their Arms that as to Religion and the regulation of the Government he was pleased that the matter might be determined in the next Diet of the Empire but that the Emperor was very loth that the French King should be comprehended that however Duke Maurice might learn of him upon what terms he would make Peace that the proscribed might also be received into Favour provided they would submit to the condition offered by the Emperor King Ferdinand demanded besides that after the conclusion of the Peace Duke Maurice would assist him in Hungary and that the Soldiers should not take on under the French King. But Duke Maurice having answered that without the consent of his Associates he could not conclude any thing they broke off the Treaty at that time and appointed another meeting to be on the twenty sixth of May at Passaw a Town lying between Ratisbonne and Lintz where the River Inn falls into the Danube that the Princes Mediators and their Deputies should also be there On the first of May the Landgrave's Son and John Albert Duke of Meckelburg led the Army to Gundelfingen and there lay eight Days waiting for Duke Maurice's return from Austria Next day after he came the Army was Mustered at Laugingen a Town belonging to Otho Henry Prince Palatine for they had recovered his Province out of the Emperor's Hands and driven the Bishop of Ausburg out of his Country Otho Prince Palatine having also joyned in League with them From thence they direct their March towards the Alpes but it happened at this time that King Ferdinand obtained a Truce from them which was to last from the twenty sixth of May to the eighth of June In the mean time the Emperor was raising Forces at the Foot of the Alpes who assembled at the Town la Rue During these Commotions the Cardinal Bishop of Ausburg who otherwise was not rich and had suffered much damage went to Rome that he might obtain from the Pope new Promotions and Benefices to fill up the chinks again After this the Judges of the Imperial Chamber fled from Spire for both the French King and the Princes had in their Declarations hinted their displeasure against them plainly enough and cast the blame of all the troubles upon them The French King marched with his Army along the Borders of Lorrain and May the third came to Saverne a Town belonging to the Bishop of Strasburg within four Miles of that City He had before demanded a supply of things necessary from the Strasburgers and therefore Deputies had been sent to him to Sarbruck seven Miles from the City to offer him a certain supply of Corn and Wine and the Deputies were Peter Sturmey Frederick Gottesseim and John Sleidan but the Constable undervalued that offer as nothing answering his Expectation and though the Deputies left him with a promise to make their report to
Primitive Church and first four Councils that it commends and teacheth those Works which are truly Christian and exhorts the People to obey their Magistrates So that if a firm and certain Peace may be established in this Diet there was no doubt but the Emperor and his Majesty might obtain great Succours from the Germans against the Turks but then those who had imbraced the Augustan Confession and for the most part had been brought up in it would constantly persist in that Faith so that if there were not such a Peace made as should include Religion and confirm the Possessions of the Church Revenues where they now were though this affair were only referred to another Diet as has already been frequently done and one day spent after another in Delays whilst the People were left in a miserable uncertainty of enjoying what they had That in this case it was very doubtful whether all Men would patiently bear it for though he and the rest of the Princes should sit still acquiesce and do their duties and continue in their Obedience yet it might happen that those that were mean Men and of no regard might cause Troubles by means of this uncertainty of Danger and of this fear for Religion especially in those Places which lay most exposed and afforded the greatest opportunities for Insurrections of this Nature That this being a thing in which the fortune of the Empire consisted he desired earnestly that his Majesty would apply his Thoughts to it now he had obtained a full and plenary Power from the Emperor That besides this Condition was some years since proposed by his Brother Maurice at Passaw that if perhaps the differences in Religion could not be Composed that yet nevertheless an inviolable Peace should be Established till things could be intirely Composed And though the Emperor would not then admit this offer because as he said all the States were concerned in it yet seeing he did not neither totally reject it and in the Treaty or Decree expresly promised That he would take Care that things might be equitably discussed in the Diet and there should be no Arts used to suborn the Votes of Men in the business of Religion He was confident on this account that in the entrance or beginning of this Diet He would solicite not only those States and Princes who met then at Passaw but all the rest of the States to imbrace a Peace When the Deputies of the Duke of Saxony had made this Speech in the Diet the fourth of February the next day the King of the Romans made a reference or proposal of it to the States in the manner I have set forth in the conclusion of the last Book About this time the Learned Men of Misnia and Wittemberg and especially Melanchthon sent their Letters of Consolation to those Ministers which were Banished out of Bohemia as I said in the end of the last Book wherein they shew the Craft of the adverse Party who alledged that they only desired to preserve necessary Order in the Church and that those who either had no Episcopal Ordination or who were Married ought not to distribute the Holy Sacrament for they only pretended this Cause of their Banishment that they might not seem to intend the oppression of the true Religion But then these Learned Men sufficiently proved that it was a meer Tyranny to deprive Ministers of their Functions only because they were Married for that the Devil was the Author of the Prohibition of Marriage as appears sufficiently in the sacred Scriptures That Orders were not to be sought from the Hands of the Bishops who were the declared Enemies of the Gospel and defended Idolatry but that they were to be sought from that Church which imbraced the true Doctrine and therefore had the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven That it was extreamly absurd and dangerous to ask Shepherds of the Wolves That the Church has ever had a Right to elect fitting Ministers and that so it was decreed in the Council of Nice That those that were thus Elected and Tryed were confirmed by those that presided in the Holy Churches That this Custom was still retained and therefore it was a meer slander when they pretended the Protestants disturbed or broke the Order of the Church Therefore since this was the true state of things and for that they were Banished for the Profession of the true Religion they ought to bear their Sufferings with the greater moderation of Mind for that God in due time would take Care of them and they and the Neighbour Churches would afford them the best Hospitality and Charity they could The French having taken Jurea a City of Piedmont upon the River Doria under the Command of Brisac the thirteeenth day of December of the last Year This Year the third day of March they took Casale a City standing near the Po by surprize though there was in it a Garrison of Spaniards and Germans the Castle held out for some time and then was forced to yield too after this they possessed themselves of several other Towns and amongst them of Valenza and Salvadora both which they beat down and levelled The sixth of March Augustus the Elector of Saxony Joachim Marquess of Brandenburg and Elector the Children of John Frederick late Elector of Saxony the Landgrave of Hesse and several of the neighbouring Princes met at Naumburg upon the River Saal and there renewed the Hereditary League between these Families which I have mentioned before in my twenty fourth Book and at the same time mutually agreed to stick to the Augustan Confession and that no suspition might thereupon arise af any under-hand Combination the fifth day after their Meeting they gave the Emperor an account of the reason of this congress in this manner The last year when there was a Treaty concluded between Augustus and John Frederick Electors of Saxony it was then determined that the ancient and Paternal League should be renewed which was begun above a hundred Years since and afterwards confirm'd by a Law That they were then met to renew that League and as it had been very beneficial to their Ancestors and their People so they hoped that for the future they should reap the same Advantage from it seeing they sought nothing from it but the Publick Peace and Welfare and did not design to offend any Person and they said that pursuant to the old Custom they had excepted his Imperial Majesty and his Brother the King of the Romans out of it and that as they desired to live in Peace amongst themselves so they would perform that Duty which they owed to the Publick and which became obedient Princes of the Empire That as to Religion they would not exceed the terms and limits of the Augustan Confession but then because those Heads of the Christian Religion which were contained in it had not the least mixture of any Seditious or Impious Doctrines by the Blessing of God they would
scarce have been possible to have reduced you to Concord And when so many other Princes have made a defection from the Church and that Enemy of Mankind has invented such variety of Stratagems against you yet God in his divine Goodness has look'd upon you and defeated the devices and attempts of the Devil By which he has given us a certain Token not only of his Goodness and Clemency towards you but also of his Intentions to use your Services and to unite you two to his Vicar on Earth for the taking away these destructive Contentions and restoring a general Peace both as to Church and State. These and many other such Arguments did that Cardinal offer to the Consideration of these Princes threatning them also with the Wrath and Vengeance of God if they did not desist and suffer their People which was grievously Harrassed and impoverished to recover Now though these Arguments did not prevail then yet when he went into England he went on with his design of reconciling them and at last he prevailed so far as to dispose both the Emperor and King of France to send their Ambassadors to treat of a Peace The Queen of England who was the Mediator in this Treaty appointed a place betwen Calais Ardee and Graveling three Towns belonging to these three Princes in the Center of which she chose out a dry and convenient place in the middle of a Plain and having moted the same she caused four houses to be built which though not intended for any long duration were yet made very convenient and Beautiful In this place the Ambassadors met the twenty third of May. There met for the Emperor amongst others the Bishop of Arras for the King of France the Cardinal of Lorrain and the Constable and for the English as Mediators were present Cardinal Pool the Earl of Arundel and the Lord Paget A Rumour spread it self throughout Christendom which caused great Expectations and various Judgments in the Minds of Men and especially in those who were best acquainted with the Controversies of these Times for that in this Treaty the Dukedoms of Milan and Burgundy Savoy Piedmont Corsica Navarr Lorrain and Luxemburg and the Cities of Toul Verdun and Metz were to be contended for and setled The Affair being much and long debated and the Mediating English insisting to have some of these things referred to the determination of a Council nothing at last was done but the Treaty was broke up The tenth of June Ferdinand and the States of Germany wrote a Letter to the Emperor wherein they desired him that in this Treaty he would particularly concern himself for the restitution of those Places which the King of France had taken from the Empire When therefore the Meeting was ended without any Effect the Emperor the twenty fifth of June wrote to the Diet to this Purpose It is very grateful to me to see you thus affected with the Calamities of those who have been so much afflicted by the publick Enemy of the Empire and of me and truely their Cause was most dear to me and I accordingly before I received your Letter had commanded my principal Ambassadors who were to attend this Treaty that they should persist in the restitution of these places to their former State with the utmost diligence and they should not remit any thing as to that Article And although I for my part having opened all the ways I could to a Peace thought that the King of France would for the sake of Peace not have been stubborn and refractory yet after all the Congress is for the present broke up without any good Effect Yet however that I may consult the good of Christendom I will not refuse to make a Peace if any tollerable Conditions are offered and when time serves I will do my endeavour to have those places restored to the Empire and to put them for the future into a better Condition than they were before The Emperor had a little before sent the Duke de Alva into Milan that he might take care of the War there as his General Ferdinand Gonzaga having obtained a release from that Post and being about this time gone from Flanders to live privately at Home There was also a strong Report which prevailed much about this time that Mary Queen of England was with Child About this time also the Persecution in England grew sharper Bradford who was condemned to be burnt in the manner I have set down in the end of my twenty fifth Book and was afterwards respited and kept in Prison was burnt in July Frederick the eldest Son of John Frederick Duke and Elector of Saxony Married Agnes the Daughter of the Landgrave of Hesse and which had been the Wife of Maurice the last Elector of Saxony Many of the neighbouring Princes met on the occasion of this Marriage and appointed a second Meeting at Naumburg to consult of their affairs About the same time Joan the Mother of the Emperor died and Ferdinand her second Son celebrated her Obsequies at Ausburg About the same time there was a tumult raised at Geneva in the night time by some of the Senators of that City who designed by this means to make themselves and their Party Masters of that Commonwealth these Men had also a great aversion for John Calvin who had fled thither on the account of the Persecâ—tions in France and now the driving him out of this City was one of the principal Motives of this Insurrection In the night time there was a sudden Commotion made in several parts of the City and the Cry was The French are in Arms and the City is betrayed The French in the mean time keeping within their Houses and so the design miscarried and many of them who were in this leud Conspiracy were Executed and some others were forced to fly for the safety of their Lives The reason why they would have had the French Banished out of the City was because many of the French Fugitives and Sojourners in the City had been lately taken into the number of the Citizens by which they believed their Party was weakned and the other encreased The Turkish Fleet came this Year into the Tyrrhenian Sea as it had done several years before and much terrified Tuscany That therefore there might be the less dammage done by this Navy the Marquess di Marignano General of the Emperors Forces about the thirteenth of June suddenly set upon Porto Ercole which was then in the Hands of the French and by the Valour of his Soldiers took the Castle and slew all the French that were there in Garrison after this the Turks too besieged Piombino but receiving great Losses in their Attacks and not being likely ever to take it they left that place and attempted the Island of Elba belonging to the Duke of Florence but to no purpose neither About this time there were some Civil Laws published by the King of France at
except ye are resolved to feel the greatest of all Calamities and Miseries I will not be larger now and I trust you will in this do what the necessity of Affairs and the consideration of your Duty shall require But they on the contrary urged the same things over again and said they could not desist and if they obtained nothing the consideration of the Supplies would thereby be obstructed and hindred because they had no Command to promise any thing till they had obtained a sufficient Security for the freedom of Preaching their Religion their Ministers and Schoolmasters In this Month of February Henry Duke of Brunswick Married the Sister of Sigismond King of Poland and about the same time John Isemburg Archbishop of Trier Died and was succeeded by John Ley. The twenty sixth of the same Month the Elector Palatine Frederick died at Alzem in a great old Age and Otto Henry his Brother's Son succeeded him who had before imbraced the Reformation and had thereby run the hazard of being deprived of all his Fortunes He having taken the Oath of Allegiance of his People presently put out an Edict that no Man should say Mass or use the other Ceremonies of the Church in his Dominions In our twenty second Book we have given an account of the disturbances raised in Prussia by Osiander who had brought in a new Doctrine concerning Justification but the greatest part of the Learned Men disliking his Opinion Albert Duke of Prussia by a publick Declaration set forth that he was resolved to follow the Doctrine of the Augustan Confession and therefore he Commanded the Ministers of the Churches to Teach according to it and promised them to pass by what was past if they obeyed thiâ— Edict for the future That therefore this Controversy might be truly composed and not break out afresh John Albert Duke of Meckelburg the Son-in-Law of the Duke of Prussia a Prince of very great Learning went thither and calling in the Assistance of some other Learned Men he reduced John Funcius the principal Man of the Osiandrians to an open acknowledgment of his Error and obtained a Promise from him that he would for the future Teach according to the Augustan Confession and this being done by the other Divines of that Province too there was a Reconciliation made between the Parties and that Church was setled in Peace The fourth day of March a Comet appeared and was seen for twelve days together and in the same Month the Deputies of the German Princes and Cities met at Ratisbon and began with the consideration of the Case of Albert Marquess of Brandenburg because his Adversaries in the last Diet had desired the Assistance of the Princes against him But his Kindred interposing on his behalf it was at last decreed that he should have the publick Faith for his Security and that this Cause should be determined by Arbitrators and upon his return into Germany out of France in the Month of February there was accordingly a Treaty begun which was now assumed by the Diet the affairs of the Empire being delayed to the Month of April Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury had been long since condemned and after the Death of Ridley and Hooper was returned back to his Prison as I have said but now the twenty first of March he was burnt at Oxford Some few days before upon promise of Life and at the urgent Perswasion of some that were sent to him he had recanted most of his former Doctrines and appeared unconstant but when he saw he must die he made an Exhortation to the People wherein he spoke much of Repentance and amendment of Life the People being very attentive to him then he said how much he had offended God by denying the Truth and recapitulating the principal Points of Doctrine he shortly explain'd his Belief as to each of them and proved that the Papacy was the Kingdom of Antichrist Here he was interrupted and after many Reproaches he was hurried to the Place of Execution When he was tied to the Stake and the Fire was kindled about him he stretched forth his Right Hand saying This has Sinned by subscribing those wicked Doctrines which the Enemies of the Truth proposed to me and therefore it shall first be Punished he thereupon thrust it into the Flames as far as he could that it might first be Tormented Thus was the Primate of England Burnt a Person of great Learning and Authority At the time the Papal Character was taken from him by what they call a Degradation which is attended with many Ceremonies he was forced to wear mean Cloaths made of Canvas and he was now brought out in this Habit that he might be scorned but it had a contrary Effect for that the greatest part of the Spectators commiserating his Condition could not forbear weeping over him though they did not doubt but he was changing this miserable Life for an Immortal one and passing into his Heavenly Country Cardinal Pool soon after was enriched with his Spoils and made Archbishop of Canterbury having the Winter before been made a Priest for he was only a Cardinal-Deacon when he came over As the Inhabitants of the Lower Austria sollicited King Ferdinand to grant them the free Exercise of the Lutheron Religion so the Subjects of the Duke of Bavaria about the same time became very troublesom to Albert their Duke upon the same account This Prince observing that King Ferdinand his Father-in-law had yielded something he also having then need of Money did for a time comply with his Subjects and granted them liberty to take the Sacrament of the Lord 's Supperin both Kinds and to eat Flesh on the days prohibited in case of great necessity Yet at the same time he made a long Protestation That he would not desert the Religion of his Ancestors nor suffer any thing to be changed in the Ceremonies and Rites of the Church which he said was not lawful for him to do without the consent of the Supreme both Civil and Ecclesiastical Magistrate And that he granted these two things for so long time only as till there was a publick Order made to the contrary or a Reconciliation between the contending Parties for that it was his will that all his former Orders concerning Religion should be exactly observed in all other Points but these Two and that in these he would take all the care he could that the Metropolitans and Bishops should confirm these his Concessions and should not on these accounts trouble any of them This Edict was dated the last day of the month of March. About this time some of the Nobility of Transylvania revolted from King For dinand whereupon he commanded the Dyet to be prorogu'd to an uncertain day and began to levy Forces which were afterwards sent down the Dâ—â—ube towards Hungary There is a Town call'd Oberen seated in Alsatia three miles from Strasburg an Inhabitant of this place who was a Vine-Dresser being then in
great Poverty took the opportunity when his Wife was abroad and murder'd all his Children the eldest was a Girl of seven years of age the second a Boy of four years old and the youngest an Infant of about six months old and in the Cradle This Murther was committed the 10th of April There was then also a strong Report That the Pope and his Partisans had entred a secret Combination against those of the Augustan Confession This Opinion was the more easily entertain'd because it was certainly known that the Pope was much incens'd against the Decree made the last year at Ausburg by which Peace and Liberty were granted to those of that Religion And it was believed he had sollicited the Emperour to declare that Edict to be void for he saw that men daily made a defection from his Kingdom and he well knew what had been desired by the Inhabitants both of Austria and Bavaria To this was added a meeting of the Archbishops of Ments Trier and Cologne at the Batbes and it was suspected this meeting was not for nothing King Ferdinand having put an end to the Dyet of Austria went into Bobemia and summon'd a Dyet of that Kingdom and of the near Provinces at Prague in which he demanded and obtain'd Moneys for his defence against the Turks After this he sent Letters to the Deputies who had now expected him some months at Raticbon in which he excus'd his not coming to them and acquainted them with his being necessitated to go to Vienna before he could come thither and then he prorogued their Session to the first of June After King Ferdinand was return'd out of Bobemia the Lgndtgrave went into Misnia and staid some time with Augustus Duke of Saxohy The 10th day of May the Duke of Areschot who was a Prisoner in the Castle of Vincenne which stands not far from Paris made his escape and came safely home The Cardinal of Ausburg about the same time being return'd from Rome where he had continu'd about a year and hearing how suspitiously most men spoke and thought of him as one that was engag'd in close Designs with the Pope for the Ruin of Germany In the end of May he put out a Vindication of himself in the German-Tongue which was to this purpose When the last year after the Death of Julius II. saith he I went to Rome as the duty of my Place obliged me I was one of those who elected the present Pope I then intended to take the first opportunity of returning into Germany but I was detained by the Pope who was then deliberating about the Reformation of the Church and having for that purpose chosen some Learned Men of all Nations he was pleased to appoint me for one though I was not worthy of such a Trust because I was a German But then because my Bishoprick requir'd my presence here I at last obtain'd leave of the Pope to return home which I could not obtain till the last day of March immediately after which I began my Journey hither Now though I have ever since my Advancement to this Dignity and before behaved my self so that no ill thing can truly be laid to my charge which I desire may not be taken for a proud boast and although I have ever been an Adviser and Promoter of Peace to my great damage and hindrance and have ever taken all the care I could for the Honour and Safety of my Countrey yet as soon as ever I arriv'd in Germany I was acquainted by my Friends who are worthy of credit That during my absence there was a Book printed here to defame me as if I had enter'd into a Combination with the Pope and other Italian Princes to involve Germany and especially those of that Nation who embrace the Augustan Confession in a calamitous War. Now they pretended in this Paper That the cause of this Attempt and of this close Treaty was that the Pope was very much offended with the Decree made in the last Dyet at Ausburg that he had laboured to persuade the Emperour to reverse it that he had absolved that Prince from the Oath he had given them that he had promised the Emperour all the help and assistance he could give him for the Conquest of Germany provided the Emperour would assist him in the Recovery of his Spiritual Jurisdiction in Germany that he had to that end procur'd a Truce between the Emperour and the French King that both their Forces might be employ'd in this Work. And they added That German Soldiers were at present to be listed and no other to the end the Design might be the better conceal'd that the King of England was to send 8000 Horse and to be General in this War and that Levies were made in several places In short that all things were manag'd with that care that all the Forces were to begin their March at the same time and suddenly to in vade the Empire whil'st most of the Princes were from home at the Dyet of Ratisbon that both the Pope and the King of England had sent Envoys to several of the Princes of Germany and made them great promises the Pope especially that he would send a great Body of Horse and Foot to their Assistance that I have traduced Otto Henry Elector Palatine Christopher Duke of Wirtemburg and Albert Marquess of Brandenburg as Lutherans Seditious men and worthy to be driven out of their Countreys that the Lantgrave was in the mean time much commended by me in an Assembly of the Cardinals because he had made a defection from his Religion and one of his Ministers called Titelman had both by Word and Writing recanted his Religion at Rome Now because these slanders do not only affect the Pope and the Emperour but Me also and my Reputation and because it is the duty of a good man to justifie his own and his Princes Honour and Innocency it is fit I should answer all the Accusations In the first place therefore I say it is a great affliction to me to find there are still some men who contrary to the old German Virtue Constancy and Fidelity can be induced to lend an assent to such slanders as these and seem to design by these leud Libels and Reports to excite the minds of the Princes of the Empire against their Head and to engage them in a cruel and wicked War amongst themselves I believe many can remember that dismal turbulent and dangerous Galumny which about 32 years since was invented and spread abroad That King Ferdinand the Archbishops of Mentz Saltzburg and Wurtsburg the Elector of Brandenburg William and Lewis of Bavaria and George Duke of Saxony were all combin'd in a League against John Elector of Saxony and the Landtgrave which prevail'd so far that it had like to have ended in a destructive War. Certainly the Princes ought not to forget those times For that Villany was discovered the several Princes as they were obliged having printed each of them
imaginable That the Town had been taken but the Castle still held out but much oppressed by the Cannon of the Enemy That he had received Accounts by Letters and Messengers That the Bassa of Bosnia was assembling great Forces to in vade Sclavonia That the Beglerbeg of Greece was drawing great Forces together at Sophia and then designed to come forward and that Solyman himself would come into Hungary in Autumn to Winter there or at least that he would be there early in the Spring with a vast Army to take Vienna That in a time of so great distress he was not at leisure nor durst he leave his Provinces but was wholly taken up in providing for the Defence and Security of them and because he would not have the Dyet held any longer in suspence which was contrary to the Interest of the Empire he had committed the management of it to the Duke of Bavaria that he might begin it and preside till he could come thither himself That he had sent a splendid Ambassy to treat of a Peace or a Truce three years since with Solyman and his Ambassadors were detained at Constantinople and although a Truce had been concluded till the Ambassador should return home yet the Turk had broke his Faith and had taken many Towns and Castles in the Borders of his Kingdom of Hungary and seeing he was now battering Sigeth it was not reasonable to expecta firm and lasting Peace upon tolerable Conditions This being the state of things he said a great and terrible Danger was threatned thereby not only to the Remainder of the Kingdom of Hungary but to Austria and all Germany and therefore it was needful to come presently to a Resolution of sending Succours and levying money for the defence of it which might be deposited in certain Places to be issu'd out by publick Treasurers as need should require That the King had sollicited other Princes to send Supplies and that he was resolv'd to spare no Treasures and to hazard his own Person and his Sons But then his Hereditary Countries being exhausted by a War which had lasted so many years were not now able to grapple with so formidable an Enemy alone but it was absolutely needful the Empire should assist them and that speedily And seeing in the last Dyet it was resolved That the composing the Differences of Religion should be considered in this he earnestly exhorted them to consider whether it was possible to be done and by what way They were to consider also of the Money and of the establishing the Peace of the Empire But then the Turkish War ought not to be postpon'd or delay'd but to be one of their first and most important Considerations that so the present and impending Danger might be averted The 15th day of September the Emperour having a fair Wind and a promising Season set Sail with a good Fleet for Spain and took along with him as his Companions in this Voyage Mary Queen-Dowager of Hungary and Leonora Queen-Dowager of France his Sisters But before his departure he had resigned to his Son Philip the Government of the Low-Countries and to his Brother King Ferdinand the Empire of Germany to which purpose he had sent a Letter to the Electors wherein he desired they would accept of him and acknowledge and obey him as Emperour of Germany The last day of October John Sleidan I. V. L. a Person worthy of great Commendations on the account of the rare Endowments of his Mind and his great Learning died at Strasburg and was honourably buried FINIS A CONTINUATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION To the End of the COUNCIL OF TRENT In the Year 1563. Collected and Written by E. B. Esq LONDON Printed in the Year MDCLXXXIX A CONTINUATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION BOOK I. The CONTENTS The Introduction The Revolt of Transylvania The Siege and brave Defence of Sigeth a Town in Hungary Charles V resigns the Empire He goes to Spain John Sleidan's Death and Character Paul III a Furious Prince The War between him and King Philip in Italy The Peace between them The Affairs of England The Dyet of Ratisbonne The Death of Ignatius Loyola the Founder of the Order of Jesuites And of Albert Marquess of Brandenburg The unsuccessful Conference at Wormds between the Romish and Protestant Divines The War between France and Spain The Siege Battle and Taking of S. Quintin Charles V his Letter to his Son. The Spanish Army disperse and the French increase A Persecution in France The Siege and Loss of Calais The Situation and Form of that Town Guines taken A Turkish Fleet land in many Places in Italy and carry many into Captivity The Dauphin Married to Mary Queen of Scotland The first Overtures for a Peace between the Kings of France and Spain Andelot Marshal of France ruined by the Arts of the Duke of Guise Thionville Besieged and Taken by the French. The Defeat of the French near Graveling An unsuccessful Expedition of the English against France The Treaty of Cambray began The Parliament of England meet and Queen Mary Dies The German Affairs the Death and Character of Charles V. The Succession of Queen Elizabeth The Scotch Affairs and the first setling of the Reformation in that Kingdom IT was the Misfortune of this Great Man John Sleidan to die in that nick of Time when the Fates of the two contending Religions and of all Christendom were just upon the setling It is true he lived to see the Augustane Confession setled in the Dyet of Ausburg and perhaps he might hear of the Resignation of the Empire by Charles V to his Brother Ferdinand but then Death surprized him before he could give any account of it for with it he designed to have begun the next Book in all probability and to have filled up this with some other Accidents such as a large account of the Revolt of Transylvania and the Siege of Sigeth would have afforded him But then had he lived till the Year 1563 he should have seen the Death of Queen Mary Henry II of France and Charles V and the setling of the Roman Catholick Religion by the Determination of the Council of Trent contrary to the Expectation of all Men which seems to be the first Period of the Reformation and absolutely necessary to give the Reader a clear Prospect and full View of the first Joynt of this great Revolution I have therefore persuaded the Stationer to add a Suppliment to this Version for that purpose and because I am a Member of the Religion by Law established and not willing to offend them of the other Persuasions I resolve to advance nothing in it but from Authors who lived and dyed in the Communion of the Church of Rome shewing the matter of Fact with great Brevity and making few or no Reflections of my own That so the Reader may be left entirely to himself to think what he Please and God shall direct him I will
V. It was penn'd in Latin but I could no where find the Latin Copy and perhaps it was never printed at least I am sure it is very scarce and not likely to be ever used again by any Prince till Time shall be no more The Emperour knew very well saith Thuanus that next to God the Right of Electing and Receiving the Resignation or Surrender of the Empire was in the seven Electoral Princes and that without their Consent and Authority this could not be done and to dispose them to approve and allow this Act of his he had appointed William of Nassaw Prince of Orange George Sigismond Seldius Vice Chancellour of the Empire and Wolfang Haler one of his Secretaries of State to be his Ambassadours to them But a War soon after breaking out between the King of France and his Son King Philip by the breach of the late Truce it was two Years ere that Command of his took its effect In the mean time John Archbishop of Trier of the Family of the Counts of Isemburg died and John Laien succeeded him and Adolph Archbishop of Cologne was succeeded by Anthony his Brother The Emperour set sail the fifteenth of September with a Fleet of sixteen Spanish and twenty Flemmish Ships all Men of War besides the Admiral in which he and his two Sisters went. At Portsmouth seven English Ships joyned him and at the Isle of Wight seven more He arrived safely at Laredo a Port in Biscaye where he was entertained by a great concourse of the Nobility and Deputies of the Cities of the Kingdom of Spain So soon as ever he set his Foot upon the Shoar he prostrated himself upon the Earth and kissing it he said Hail my beloved Mother naked came I out of my Mother's Womb and now I return naked to thee again as to another Mother and here I consecrate and give to thee my Body and my Bones which is all the Acknowledgment I can give for all thy numerous Benefits bestowed upon me His next care was to make a formal and a publick Renunciation of the Kingdom of Spain to his Son Philip in this great Assembly After this he spent two Days at Valladolid with his Grand-son Don Carolo instructing that unfortunate Prince in the Rules of Glory and Virtue and doubtless it was a noble Lecture which so great a Prince like another Patriarch made to his supposed Heir From hence this Glorious Prince retired to a Place he had chosen to spend the remainder of his Life being a Valley in the Borders of Spain and Portugal equally Delightful for the Temper of the Air and the Pleasant Crown of Hills which incircled it and supposed to be the Place where the famous Sertorius was basely murthered It is well watered with Springs and Rivolets and rarely Fruitful and lies about eight Spanish Miles from Placentia a City of the Kingdom of Leon by the Town of Scaradilla this Place he had remarked in Hunting and had ordered a small Apartment of seven Rooms fourteen Foot square to be built for him and here he lived with twelve Servants and one Horse for his own use having reserved an hundred thousand Crowns for his Subsistence which was not over well paid neither spending his Time in the innocent Arts of Grafting Gardning and Reconciling the Differences of his Clocks which yet he could never make to strike together and therefore ceased to wonder He had not been able to make Men agree in the Nicities of Religion Here he first heard of the breach of Truce between his Son and the King of France and though he was something concerned at it yet he concluded the Rashness of the Old doating Pope and the Perfidy of the Caraffa's would end in the Ruine of the Prosperity of France as it came afterwards to pass The last Day of October saith the great Thuanus John Sleidan when he had brought down his History to that time with an exact Faith and Diligence dyed of the Pague at Strasburg in the one and fiftieth Year of his Age. He was born at Sleidan a Town in the Dukedom of Juliers near Dueren and from thence he took his Name a Person who for his Learning and great Experience in Affairs was much esteemed by that Age He had spent the greatest part of his Youth in France and being entertained in the Family of Bellay had both learned and done great things in the Service of Cardinal John Du Bellay but a sharp Persecution arising in France against those that were suspected of Lutheranisme he went and lived at Strasburg and served that Free City and being by his own Employments much enformed of the Carriage of Affairs he added to what he had seen what he had learned from Men worthy of Credit and wrote his Book of Commentaries Paul IV had succeeded Marcellus a short lived Pope the twenty sixth of May in the Year 1555 as John Sleidan has set forth in his last Book he was a Man of a Furious and unquiet temper and made it his great Design to raise the See of Rome to its former Greatness and Authority but not considering the present state of things mistook his Measures The Submission of England had raised in him extravagant Hopes of Reducing Germany too under his Obedience but then the Peace of Religion appeared so contrary to that Design that it irritated him to the utmost and he threatned the King of the Romans and the Emperour That in a short time he would make them know to their Sorrow how much they had offended him if they did not prevent it by revoking and disallowing the things they had granted That he might have no occasion to proceed as he intended to do not only against the Lutherans but even against them too as Abettors of them But all this Ranting Zeal missing its due Effect he began his Revenges on King Philip the Son of the Emperour who was the best Friend that See had then in Christendom by denying to admit him to the Kindgom of Naples Marc Antony Colonna a Favorite of Philip King of Spain had about this time dispossessed Ascanius his Father who was a Subject of the Popes but had a great Estate in the Kingdom of Naples of all that lay in that Kingdom upon pretence that he was infected with Heresie that he favoured the French Interest against the Emperour and that he lived a dissolute Life And the Accusation had been countenanced and encouraged by King Philip to that height that the Father as much as in him lay at his Death disinherited his Son giving his Estates in the Papacy to the See of Rome and those in the Kingdom of Naples to Victoria his Daughter the Wife of Garzia de Toledo This was made the Pretence of the ensuing War between the Pope and the King of Spain into which the French and English were drawn too and all Christendom almost imbroiled again The Pope however considering that he was not able to deal
That this Limitation was an Hindrance to the so much desired Union of Religion seeing thereby the Bishops were deprived of the Liberty of speaking their Minds freely in Matters of Religion because they should thereby forfeit their Office and Revenues if they approved of the True Religion That on the contrary the Peace would be much stronger between the Princes and States of the Empire if Religion were perfectly Free. That therefore the Electors Princes and States who had imbraced the Augustane Confession desired now as they had also formerly done in the Dyet of Ausburg That this grievous Limitation and Restriction might be abolished and that it might be free for all Ecclesiastical Persons to imbrace the Augustane Confession and suffer their Subjects to imbrace it That they of the Augustane Confession did not by this desire that the Revenues of the Church should be dissipated or turned to Profane Uses or annexed to certain Families but they would take great Care to prevent these Inconveniences and do their utmost in it And that by this means the true Intention of the Founders should be observed tho' the Profession of the True Religion should be permitted for it was without doubt their Design to have the Pious and Sincere Service and Worship of God Promoted and Setled tho' they err'd in their Choice That the Electors Princes and States aforesaid would suffer the Publick and Civil Business of the Empire to be dispatched in this Dyet at Ratisbonne but then they had commanded them their Deputies not to give any consent to any thing till the said Limitation were taken away But then if it was once Abolished and Repealed they were ready and willing to assist and promote the Publick Affairs in this Dyet to the utmost of their Abilities This Protestation or Remonstrance was very often renewed afterwards in several of their Dyets but being always opposed by the Princes of the opposite Religion and by the Emperours it could never be obtained because they ever thought That the granting this Liberty would end in the Rnine of the Roman Catholick Religion On the other side those of that Religion wrote sharply against the Peace of Religion as it was then established by the Treaty of Passaw and the Dyet of Ausburg calling it a Lawless Confusion and in private saying That as it was obtained by a War so it must by a War be revoked In the Year 1556 the Thirty first of July Ignatius Loyola the Founder of the Order of Jesuites died in the Sixty fifth year of his Age. He was born in Spain and at first served as a Soldier which Employment he deserted in the Year 1521 upon a Wound received at Pampelune In the Year 1528 he began to gather Companions In the Year 1534 or 35 this Order was first framed by him and in the Year 1609 he was Canonized by Pope Paul IV. And as Petavius saith it was confirm'd by Paul III in 1540 the Twenty seventh of September James Lainez a Spaniard was this Year his Successor and the second General of that Order which had then obtain'd One hundred Colleges in several Parts of Christendom as one of that Society assures us In the beginning of this year Albert the Son of Casimir Marquis of Brandenburg having lately by the Interposition of some of the Princes obtain'd leave from the Dyet to return into Germany to defend his Case and sojourning then with Charles Marquis of Baden at Pforzheim in Schwartzwalt being extremely worn out with the Troubles of his Affairs and a Disease which sprung from the Intemperance of his former Life died the Eighth Day of January This Prince was an Illustrious Example of the Instability of Human Greatness and of the Divine Justice For He that was once surrounded with so many Thousands of Fighting Men that his Name was terrible to all Men and almost the whole German Empire lay exposed to his Ravage at last by a change of his Fortunes was deserted by all Men and now ended his Life in great Misery and Poverty being despised by his very Enemies as the great Thuanus represents it The Eleventh of March the Dyet began at Ratisbonne the last year was ended In it there was a Decree of Recess made That a Friendly Conference should be held the Fourteenth of August at Wormes for putting an End to the Differences of Religion That a double Supply of Eight Months should be granted to King Ferdinaud to enable him to carry on the War against the Turks That the Peace of Religion and that of the State should be preserved with great and exact care and for the Renewing the Imperial Chamber of Spire which is the Supreme Court of the Empire In April died John Count Palatin of Simeren President of the said Imperial Chamber and the Father of Frederick who about two years after succeeded Otho Henry in the Palatinate of the Rhine He was a Prince of great Learning and managed this Trust with the highest Commendations both for his Prudence and Justice Soon after the great Controversie between the Families of Nassaw and Hesse which had been depending Fifty Years and is often mention'd by Sleidan concerning the County of Catzenellobogen was friendly ended at Frankfort upon the Main by the Interposition and Mediation of Otho Henry and Augustus Electors William Duke of Cleves and others who were made Judges in this Affair for both Parties the Landgrave of Hesse by their award retaining that County upon paying to William Prince of Orange 1600 Crowns and resigning up to him the Earldom of Diez for 1050 Crowns When the time of the Conference appointed by the Dyet drew near the Divines who were of the Augustane Confession had a Meeting at Frankford on the Main the First of August to adjust their own private Differences before they entred into a Conference with the Roman Catholicks so that this latter was not begun till the beginning of September At the opening of it Julius Pflug Bishop of Naumburg who was President in this Conference desired those of the Augustane Confession that they would in the first place shew openly their Disagreement with and Detestation of the Zuinglians Osiandrians Synergists and Adiaphorists Because the Peace of Religion was only granted to those of the Augustane Confession by the Dyet and this Conference was appointed with none but them and the Emperor besides knew that most of them had Orders to do this That therefore some benefit at least might result from this Conference they would once for all by a common consent condemn these Erros and there would be much less danger and difficulty in the rest The younger Ministers and Deputies of Saxony easily assented and producing their Instructions were very forward to separate the Augustane Confession from these Errors But Philip Melancthon an old wise Man who saw the drift of this cunning Gamester said the Examination and Explication of their several Doctrins ought to go before the Determination and Condemnation of them and that
last interrupted by the Commotions of Germany In order to this the 19 th of November 1559. he Published a Bull for the recalling this Council to Trent at the Feast of Easter of this Year vehemently Exhorting all Patriarchs Archbishops Bishops and Abbats and all others who had the Right or Privilege to Sit and Vote in a General Council by common right or any Privilege or Ancient Custom that at that Day they would be present in the said Council He also Admonished the Emperor Elect and all other Christian Kings and Princes that if they could not be personally present they should send their Ambassadors thither affirming beforehand that he designed nothing by this Council but the Glory of God the Reduction and Salvation of the scattered Sheep and the lasting Peace of Christendom There was soon after a sharp Invective Printed at Ausburg by Paulus Vergerius Bishop of Cabo di Istria in Friule who was a Cardinal and had been imployed by several of the preceding Popes in great Ambassies and had lately left that Church and betaken himself to the Protestans of Germany In it he set forth the Pride Pomp Luxury Ambition Bribery and corrupt Manners of the Court of Rome which he vow'd he well knew and from his heart detested That the Council was not call'd by the Pope to establish the Doctrine of Christ but those Human Inventions which they had brought in contrary to the Commandments of God not to Purge God's fold but to disseminate their inveterate Errors not to restore Christian Liberty but to introduce a misrable Servitude and Oppression on the Souls of Men none but the Bishops and Abbats who should take an Oath prescribed by the Roman Ceremonial Lib. 1. c. III. § XIV being permitted to sit there That all the inferior Clergy and secular Princes had only a right to come be instructed but not to deliberate or vote by which it must needs come to pass that not only all those who had separated from that Church on the account of her gross Errors would not be heard which was promised at first by Paul III. but that also many of the most Skilful and most Learned Doctors of that Church would be excluded from giving any Vote and all Liberty in which only there was any hope of restoring the Peace of the Church would be taken away and a Door opened to let in a Schism which would never have an end The Pope perceiving that this Complaint would irritate the Minds of the German Princes for whose sake the Council was first Indicated sent Ambassadors to them Zachariah Delfino Bishop of Faro and John Francis Comendon Bishop of Zant being by his order directed to all the Princes with Letters of Credence They went first to Ferdinand the Emperor who was then at Vienna from thence they went by his Advice to meet all the Princes of the Augustane Confession who were then Assembled at Naumberg upon the River Saole in Saxony whom they were to treat very gently and modestly studying to avoid whatever might give occasion of Exasperation or Offence by the Counsel of this great and excellent Prince he telling them this was the easiest way to do their Business and to get a Positive Answer He also reminded them of the Conditions upon which the Protestant Princes had in the last Dyet declared they would consent to the Council of Trent That if they hap'ned to be mentioned the Ambassadors might not be destitute of an Answer He also sent Three Ambassadors of his own with them 1. Otho Count of Eberstin 2. Felix Bogislaus Baron of Hassenstein And 3. Christopher Meela Vice-Chamberlain of Bohemia These being admitted the day after their Arrival at Naumburg into the Assembly of the Princes exhorted them to be present in the Council to be shortly holden at Trent that an end might so be put to the lamentable Differences of Religion and the Calamities of Germany When they had deliberated on the Proposal they return'd this Answer That they were very Thankful to the Emperour for his Care of and Love to the Empire As to the Council they did not refuse a Free General and truly Christian Council in which not the Pope but the Word of God should sit as Judge the Oath of the Bishops being discharged and a Liberty allowed to those of the Augustane Confession to Vote But on the contrary they perceived the Pope pretended to continue the Council of Trent and only to allow those Bishops to Vote who were Sworn to him against which they had already Protested in many Dyets of the Empire They concluded with a Promise of a more partiticular Answer when they had consulted the Princes assembled at Newburg they having as yet no Instructions concerning this Point from them or their Deputies And in the mean time they prayed the Emperour that he would preserve inviolably the League of Passaw and the Peace of Religion After this both the Pope's Legates were heard one after another who said very much in Commendation of Pius IV. his great Care of Religion and good Affection towards them That to this end he had recall'd the Council to Trent for the Extirpation of Heresie and Sects in which he promised all things should be transacted with Christian Charity and Brotherly Affection and all should be fully and sweetly heard and Determinations made and Suffrages given with the utmost freedom and liberty Therefore they exhorted them to send Ambassadors with Plenary Instructions and lend their Assistance to the bringing so commendable a Design to its desired end which was the restoring Peace to Christendom They delivered also the Pope's Letters to the several and respective Protestant Princes which being Superscribed with the word Son were all return'd Seal'd to the Legates The last day of the Meeting the Electors and other Princes in the Morning return'd an Answer to the Pope's Legates That they did not acknowledge the Popels Jurisdiction nor think themselves bound to give him any account what they intended in the Business of the Council the Calling and holding of which belonged not to him but they had fully declared their Minds to Ferdinand the Emperour their gracious Lord. That as for them the Legates they esteemed them for their Noble Birth and great Learning and should have shewn them greater respects if they had not come on the Pope's Errand Being thus dismissed they went to Lubeck and sent to Frederick King of Denmark for leave to come to him but had for an Answer That neither he nor his Father had never had any Business with the Pope nor did he desire now to know their Errand And Martinego who was sent to Queen Elizabeth of England was forbidden to come over To give the Reader a certain and clear knowledge of this Meeting at Naumburg The 13th of January Fredcrick the Elector Palatine Augustus Duke of Saxony and Elector Jo. Frederick of Saxony Wolfang of the Palatine Family Ernest and Philip Dukes of Brunswick
Poissi But that this Affair had not succeeded according to his wish and that even in the Dispute about Images which seemed to have less of Difficulty they had yet not been able to agree But that whatever Men pretended he would by the help of God endeavour that the Confession of Faith which could not be destroyed without the Ruin of the Peace of the Nation should insensibly be established as far as the Infancy of the King and the present State of Things would permit He wrote also to the same purpose to the Duke of Wirtemberg and to Philip Landtgrave of Hesse The Elector Palatine wrote an Answer dated the 20th of April from Heidelburg wherein he said he was sorry to see the Affections of the Protestants cool in this Affair and therefore he exhorted him to go on in this commendable Design of Reforming Religion When the Edict of January came to be published the Guises and Montmorancy who were now reconciled and were absent at the time of making it employed all their Industry to prevent its having its effect alledging it was not made as it ought and would prove destructive to the Kingdome of France and having brought over Navar to their Party tho' they foresaw they should meet with great and almost insuperable Difficulties yet they thought they should at last gain their Ends. The Duke of Guise went therefore to his Country House and his Brother Charles the Cardinal soon after followed him thither So they both went to Zaberen a Town belonging to the Bishop of Strasburg where Christopher Duke of Wirtemberg met him on pretence he came to visit a Lady that was his Kinswoman bringing with him John Brent and James Andrea two eager defenders of the Augustane Confession against the Zuinglians whose Doctrine was generally followed by the Protestants in France here they conferred together three days The Cardinal of Lorrain pretended to have a great affection for the Duke of Wirtemberg and the rest of the German Princes he said also That since the Conference of Poissi he had a good opinion of the Augustane Confession and that he had often persuaded the Protestants to subscribe it and they had ever refused it because they did not so much desire the Reformation of Religion and of the Church Discipline as the spreading lewd and monstrous Opinions which tended to the filling France and Germany with new Tumults That the King of Denmark wisely foresaw this who congratulating by his Ambassador the attempt to reform the Church expressed at the same times his fear that they should embrace the Zuinglian and Geneva Confession instead of the Augustane and thereupon carefully advised the King of Navar to consider this That the Duke of Wirtemberg and the other Princes of Germany ought to fear the same thing if they desired the Peace of Germany or that of the Church For that as Germany and France were near each other so their Interests were so interwoven that the Good or Evil would be common to them That as they were derived from one of the Illustrious Families of Germany and enjoyed one of the principal Stations in France so they had left that Kingdom to confer with him the Duke of Wirtemburg and to settle by mutual Consent what might be useful and salutary to both these States and that they might conjointly oppose the Endeavours of the Zuinglians and their Doctrine They pretended they did not do this with intention to hinder the Reformation of Religion and the Worship of God For that they desired above all things but that they sought to prevent that Tempest which these Sectaries were raising both in France and Germany And therefore they desired the Duke to interpose his Authority with the Princes of Germany and to induce them to have a good Opinion of their Designs The Duke of Wirtemburg having consulted with Brent and Andrea his two Divines who were very desirous the Helvetian Confession should not be entertained in France commended the Cardinals affections towards himself and the Empire and said he approved of his Counsel for the hindering the Reception of that Confession in France which without doubt would cause great Commotions But then he said this was upon condition that the Reformation should be carried on in France in the mean time and that no Severities or Proscriptions should be employed against those who had made defection from the See of Rome The Cardinal was thought to have said this to the intent to dispose the German Protestant Princes to send Supplies against the French Protestants when it should come to a War or at least to make them less apt to succour the Prince of Condé and the Protestants Thus that Conference ended The Duke of Guise and the Cardinal returned to Joinville in Champaigne where soon after he received a Letter from the King of Navar that he should come to Court as fast as was possible whither he forthwith went. In the Borders of Champaigne there is a Town called Vassy which has high Walls and is the Capital of a Presecture The Protestants had a Meeting-place in this Town able to contain twelve Hundred persons in which at times they preached and administred Sacraments after their way because they had as yet no setled Minister but procured one from Troyes The Bishop of which place was a favourer of them But now there was one Leonard Morel come from Geneva to settle there which was ill taken by Claude de Sainctes the Governour of the Town and by the Prior Curate and Neighbours who had frequently complained of it to Jerome de Burgos Bishop of Chaalon sur Marne in Champaigne under whom the place was The year before the Bishop came thither and had a disorderly Dispute with the Minister about imposition of Hands managed by one of his Divines which he brought with him before the People Governour and Bishop which had no good effect Antonia de Bourbon the Mother of the Guises a zealous Roman Catholick was also much offended with the nearness of this place and desired very much to be rid of it and she reproached her Son for his over-great patience in a thing wherein the Glory of God her own Honour and the Religion of his Ancestors was concerned Hereupon the first of March he went to Vassy with Lewis the Cardinal his Brother Du Brossay and his Son and a great Retinue designing rather to suppress and dissipate this Conventicle by his Presence than to offer Violence to any private person As he went he heard a Bell ring at an unusual time and asking the reason of it was told It was to call the Protestants to their Meeting Hereupon his Foot-men began to make a Noise as if there had been a Military Enterprize but the Duke went on and entred Vassy where there were 60 Horse ready to receive him and he was to dine that day at Sclaron The Curate and Prior were very earnest with him to go by the Conventicle but whilst he delayed them
had before carefully enquired into the Numbers and Riches of the Protestants that she might know what she and the King might expect from them but she could not be assured of any thing only that there were 2150 Assemblies in the Nation the Delegates of which proffered her and the King their Services in case of Necessity but when she desired a more particular and exact account they suspected she had some ill design against them and declined giving her an exact account of their Secrets reflecting on her inconstancy which they much suspected In the mean time Conde was coming to Court as the Queen had ordered him and was at Pont Sainct Clou within two Miles of Fontain-bleau which when the Queen heard all things were put into Confusion as if a Siege had been expected the Populace running into disorder and the Magistrates conniving at it Nor was the disorder less in the Court. The Queen fearing not without cause that some mischief would ensue if Conde came up the Confederates being in possession of the King and resolving to carry him and the Queen to Paris The Queen would gladly have stood Neuter but the Confederates told her plainly they knew Conde was come to get the King into his Power and they were resolved to carry him to Paris and if she pleased she might follow him and so they carried him to Melun not giving her any time to consider of it The Queen followed and took such Lodgings as they assigned her in the Castle Here she would have made her Escape with the King if the Jealousie of the Confederates had not prevented it They knowing this would give a great Reputation to the Party that could gain it and make the opposite Party look like Rebels Next Morning the Queen fell to flatter the Confederates to get them to go back to Fontainbleau and that she might speak with Conde But the Duke of Guise disappointed all her Projects and carried the King and his Brother to the Castle de Vincennes within two Miles of Paris the King weeping as if he had been carried into Captivity by force The next Morning Montmorancy entred Paris pull'd up the Seats and Pulpit of the Protestant Meeting-House near Port St. Jean in the Suburbs and burnt them publickly the people rejoycing greatly at it And in the Afternoon did the same thing without Porte de St. Antoine to another such House but here the Fire took the next Houses which abated the Joy though there was at last too much bestowed on so ridiculous an Enterprize Upon this many good Men were injured by the Rabble in the Streets as being suspected in the Point of Religion yet it came not to Blood. The next day after the King and the Queen were brought up to the Louvre the Confederates pretending they were not safe elsewhere And here they began to talk of Declaring a War against the Prince of Conde which was opposed by the Chancellor whose Judgment was slighted by Montmorancy because he was a Gown-man But he replied That tho he was no Soldier yet he knew very well when War was fit and when not but the violence of the Confederates at last excluded him from that Consulation The Prince of Conde was coming towards the Court but hearing that the Queen out of levity or fear was joyned with the Triumvirate and was gone to Paris he seeing the Enemy in possession of the King's Person concluded they had got a great Advantage over him and yet that the Die being cast it was too late to go back so he went to Orleans to meet d' Andelott and sent to Coligni the Admiral to come thither to him Innocent Tripier de Monterud was then Governour of Orleans for Charles de Bourbon Prince de la Roche-sur-Yon he in the beginning had been very favourable to the Protestants and had equally imployed them with the Catholicks in the Guard of the City but seeing the Queen was now joyned with the Confederate Catholick Lords he changed his Mind and took in more Forces by stealth that he might thereby over-power the Protestants But Andelott entering the place with a small Attendance quickly got together 300 of the Protestants and seized St. John's Gate and immediately sent to the Prince of Conde to come up so that though Mon. de Monterud endeavoured to recover this Post yet it was in vain and the Town fell into the Hands of the Prince of Conde and Monterud was forced to obtain the Prince's Leave to be gone The Seventh of April the Prince of Conde sent a Letter to all the Protestant Churches and Nobility in France to bring to him all the Forces and Moneys they were able to raise for the Rescuing of the King out of Captivity and the delivering him out of the Hands of some great Men who had first violated the Laws or Edicts of France and then seizing the Person of the King by force Abused his Authority to the breaking the Peace of that Kingdom The next day he put out a Manifesto wherein he largely unfolded the Truth that the bottom of their Design was to deprive the Protestants of France of that Liberty which had been granted them by the King's Edict which he proved amongst other things by the Massacre of Vassy which he said was design'd for a Signal to the whole Nation to do the like He call'd God to Witness his only Intentions were to restore the King and his Brothers and the Queen and the Council to their Liberty to preserve the Veneration due to the Royal Edicts and especially that solemn Edict of January last and to prevent the Moneys given by the States in the last Assembly for the payment of the Debts of the Crown from being mispent or turned to other uses for as for him and his they would manage this War at their own Charges He desired that whilest the King was in their Power no Credit should be given to any Edict Warrant or Commission though under the great Seal or Signed by the King. As for his Brother the King of Navar he should pay him always the Respect that was due to his Character and Place but he desired the Duke of Guise and his Brothers and Montmorancy should lay down their Arms restore the King and his Council to their liberty and suffer the Edict of January to continue in force till the King were of Age and then he would lay down his Arms and he and his would return to their own homes If they refused these just and equal Conditions and attempted any thing with force against him he said he would not bear it but would rescue the King and his People from their violence and they should answer for all the Calamities and Miseries which should follow He wrote two days after this to the Princes of Germany and ordered the Ministers to do so too that the greater Credit might be given to his to the same purpose And in the Conclusion desired
he was resolved to treat France without any favour In order to this the Pope puts out a Bull dated the 7th of April by which he grants power to the Cardinals appointed Inquisitors General for all Christendom to proceed smartly and extrajudicially as shall seem convenient to them against all and singular the Hereticks and their Abettors and Receivers and those who are suspected to be such abiding in the Provinces and places in which the filth of the Lutheran Heresie hath prevailed and to which it is notorious there is not a safe and free entrance tho' the said persons are adorn'd with the Episcopal Archiepiscopal Patriarchal Dignity or Cardinalate without any other proof to be made of the safety or freedom of the Access But so that Information be first made and that they be cited by an Edict by them to be affixed to the Doors of the Palace of the Holy Inquisition c. admonishing and requiring them to appear personally and not by their Proctors before the said Inquisition within a certain and limited time as the said Inquisition shall think fit upon pain of Excommunication denounced Suspension and other lawful pains And if they shall not so appear they shall be proceeded against in the secret Consistory and a sentence decreed against them tho' absent as convict and confirm'd with a clause of Derogation Tho' this Bull was contrary to all Laws yet the Inquisitors presumed upon it to cite some Bishops of France and with them Odet de Coligni Cardinal de Chustillon who had embraced the Opinions of the Protestants and was now call'd Count de Beauvais he having been formerly Bishop of that City St. Roman Archbishop d'Aix John Monluck Bishop of Valence Jean Anthony Caracciolo Son of the Prince de Melphe Jean Brabanson Bishop of Pamiez Charles Guillart Bishop of Chartres And as if this had been intended but for a step to her the Princess Joan Labrett Queen of Navarr Relict of Anthony late King of Navarr All which I say by a Bull dated the 28th of September and affixed at Rome were cited to appear before the Inquisition within six Months and the Queen was told That if she did not she should be deprived of her Royal Dignity Kingdom or Principality and Dominions as one convicted and the same should be pronounced to belong to whosoever should invade it The King and Queen of France and all the Nobility were extremely exasperated with these proceedings of the Pope and the Bull being read in the Council of State D'Oisel the then Ordinary Ambassador in the Court of Rome was ordered to acquaint the Pope That the King could scarce give any credit to the first reports which were spread in several Pamphlets in France till the Citation which was fixed up in several places in Rome was read to him at which he was much troubled because the Queen of Navarr was in Majesty and Dignity equal to any other Prince in Christendom and had from them the Title of Sister 2. That the danger which threatned her was of ill example and might in time be extended to any of them and therefore they were all bound to assist and defend her in this common cause and the more because she was a Widow 3. But the King of France above all other because nearly related to her and her late Husband who was one of the principal Princes of the Blood Royal and had lost his Life in his service in the last War against the Protestants leaving his Children Orphans the Eldest of which was now in the King's Court and under his care That the King could not neglect the cause of this sorrowful Widow and her Orphan and Children who appeal'd to his fidelity and the Memory of his Ancestors who had in all times of affliction succoured the Princes of Germany Spain and England That Philip the Bold the Son of St. Lewis had with a potent Army defended an Orphan-Queen of Navarr and brought her into France where she was after Married to Philip the Fair from whom Joan the present Queen of Navarr was lineally descended And that John Labrett the Grandfather of this Queen being in like manner persecuted by one of the Popes and driven out of a part of his Kingdom the rest had been defended and preserved by Lewis the Twelfth and his Successors That the Popes themselves have heretofore fled to the French for protection when they have been expelled out of their Sees who had often restored them defended and enriched them with the grant of many Territories That this Queen was so near a Neighbour and such an Allie to the Crown of France that no War could be made upon her without the great damage of France That all Princes were Interested in the Friendship and Peace of their Neighbours and obliged to keep all Wars at a distance from them for the preservation of their own quiet and security Since therefore his Majesty saw by this Bull that there was a design to deprive his Ancient Allies of their Dominions and at pleasure to set up others in their stead he had just reason to fear that as the Spaniards had heretofore on such pretences possess'd themselves of all the Countries to the Pyrenaean Hills so that in time they might pass them too and descend into the Plains of France and so a dismal and destructive War might be rekindled between these powerful Princes to the great hazard and ruin of Christendom Lastly the Queen of Navarr being a Feuditary of the Crown of France and having great Possessions in that Kingdom was under the Protection of the Laws of it and could not be drawn out of it to Rome either in Person or by Proxy no Subject of France being bound to go to Rome but if the Pope had any cause against them he was obliged to send Judges to determine upon the place even in those Cases that came before him by Appeal That therefore this Citation was against the Majesty Law and Security of the Crown of France and tended to the diminishing of the esteem of that King and Kingdom That if the Form of this Proceeding were considered what could be more contrary to the Civil Law than to force a man out of his proper Court and condemn him in another without any hearing For there are Laws That no accused person shall be cited out of the Limits of the Jurisdiction in which he lives and that the Citation shall not be obscure and perfunctory but declared to the proper person or to his family And the Constitution of Pope Boniface the Eighth That Citations set up in certain places of Rome should be of force was recall'd by Clement the Fifth and the Council of Venna as hard and unjust or at least mitigated and it was decreed that they should not be used but when there was no safe coming to the person accused But in France where the Queen of Navarr resides it cannot be pretended that there is no safe coming to
66. Agricola vide Islebius Aix Parliament of Aix make a Cruel Decree against the Waldenses 343. Albert of Brandenburg Bishop of Mentz and Magdeburg 2. Luther writes to him Vide Luther Is made Cardinal 4. His Speech to the Electors at Frankfort 14. He Proclaims Charles the Fifth's Election 18. Answers Luther's Letter kindly 31. Makes a Speech to Charles the Fifth 37. Is concerned in the Ban by which Luther was Proscribed 49. Sends Ambassadors to the Protestants at Smalcald 153. Dies 354. Albert of Brandenburg Grand Master of the Teutonick Order wars with Sigismund King of Poland 99. Demands Succours from Germany Ibid. Swears Allegiance to Sigismund Ibid. Marries and is made Duke of Prussia Ibid. What he did is rescinded by the Emperor 139. He is Proscribed 161. He assists Osiander and Banishes those Ministers who refuse his Doctrine 511. Albert Marquis of Brandenburg assists Duke Maurice 417. He keeps Rochlitz 420. Is taken Prisoner by the Duke of Saxony Ibid. Set at liberty 428. Goes into France to mediate a League between the French King and Duke Maurice 549. His Declaration of War against the Emperor 551. He joins D. Maurice and the Landgrave's Son 555. He wasts the Country about Ulm 556. He is very cruel to the Norembergers 561. Fines the Bishops of Bamberg and Wurtzburg 562. Makes Peace with the Norembergers Ibid. He writes to the City of Ulm to yield to him 563. He deserts the Confederates and wars in his own Name 567. Breaks in upon the Bishops of Mentz and Triers Ibid. Demands his chief Castle of the Bishop of Triers Ibid. He falls upon the Bishops upon the Rhine 571. His Demands of the Strasburgers Ibid. He besieges Frankfort 572. Makes War against the Bishops of Mentz and Spire Ibid. And robs the Churches of those Bishopricks 573. Is receiv'd at Triers Ibid. Marches into Luxemburg 574. Makes a Peace with the Emperor 575. Beats the French at Pont a Mousson Ibid. Complains to the Franconian Bishops 577. Refuses an Accommodation at Heidelberg and declares War against the Bishops of Franconia 578. Takes Bamberg and spoils the Country Ibid. Makes War upon Duke Maurice 581. War is declared against him Ib. His Answer to their Declaration 584. His Territories are invaded Ibid. He is routed by D. Maurice 585. Writes a Letter to D. Maurice's Subjects 586. Renews the War against the D. of Brunswick 591. Is routed by him Ibid. He retires towards France 592. He is Proscribed 594. Sues in vain to have it taken off 595. He Remonstrates to the Diet of Ausburg against the Norembergers 599. By continuing the War he is at last Outed of all 601. Goes into France 604. Writes to the Diet at Frankfort Ibid. Albert Count Mansfield goes against Muncer's Rabble 84. He routs them Ibid. Albert of Brunswick killed 404. Albertus Magnus vide Aquinas Aleander Hieronymus sent against Luther to Frederick by the Pope 38. Made a Cardinal 39. Alexander de Medicis recovers Florence 132. is killed by his Kinsman Lorenzo Medicis 209. Alaski sent by Ferdinand Ambassador to Solyman 270. Imprisoned by him 271. Aloisia Mother to Francis I. writes to Pope Clement during his Captivity 98. Makes a League with Henry the VIII 102. Amstorfius vide John Frederick Elector of Saxony Anabaptists their Original 110. Their Doctrines at Munster 190. Their Book called the Restitution 196. Their Supper Ibid. their 28 Apostles Ibid. Who were all Executed 197. They write to the Landgrave 198. Their Hellish Doctrines Ibid. Their Book of the Mysteries of Christ 199. Angelical Doctor vide Aquinas Anne Boleyne Wise to Hen. VIII Beheaded 208. Anthony D. of Lorrain forbids his Subjects to read Luther's Books 75. Defeats the Boors in his Country 81. Kills 18000 of them Ibid. Of which many after Promise of Life was granted Ibid. He negotiates a Peace between the Emperor and French King in vain 320. Dies 327. Antinomians their Original 244. Apparition of Ghosts frequent in the times of Popery 172. Aquinas Tho. chiefly quoted to prove Indulgences 3. Studied at Cologne and Paris 4. Scholar to Albertus Magnus Ibid. Sainted by Pope John XXII Ibid. Dies An. 1274. Ibid. Called Angelical Doctor Ibid. Arbitrators Elector of Mentz and Prince Palatine chosen to mediate between the Protestant Princes and the Emperor 154. Their Answer to the Prince's Propositions 158. Aristotle better used by the Lovain Doctors than Luther 29. Arnstadt a Town in Thuringia a Convention of Protestants there 251. Arras vide Anthony Perenot Granvell D'Avalos Ferd. Marquess of Pescara heartens the Imperialists to Fight at Pavia 79. Accuses the French King 295. Augsburg a Diet there 4. The Diet at Ausburg removed to Spire 97. They embrace the Protestant Religion 109. Commissioners to frame a Decree there 135. The Tenor of it Ibid. The Decree of that Diet 139. They publish a Book against the Ecclesiasticks 212. They promise to lend no more money to the Emperor 389. They capitulate with the Emperor 418. A Diet called to Ausburg 435. It is an Armed Diet 437. It is opened Ibid. A Decree there about a free Council 467. Another Armed Diet at Augsburg 499. The Decree of the Diet about a Council 512. Their Divines examined of a sudden by Granvell and sent out of Germany 516. Is surrendred to D. Maurice and the Confederate Princes 555. Great Contests about Religion in the Diet 621. The Allegations of the Papists against the Protestants 622. The Decree of the Diet 626. Augsburg Cardinal of vindicates himself 633. Augustane Confession read to Charles the Fifth 129. Oppugned by the Popish Divines 130. Augustine Monks at Wittemberg forbear saying Mass 49. Two Augustine Friars examined at Brussels 63. Burnt 64. Augustus suceeds his Brother Maurice in the Electorate of Saxony 587. Calls a Convention of his States what 's their Answer to his Proposals Ibid. Refuses to appear at the Diet of Ausburg 612. Austrian Nobility Petition Ferdinand for Liberty of Conscience 285. They renew their Instances 287. They Address again 628. Their Reply to Ferdinand's Answer 630. Ferdinand's Answer to their Reply 632. B BAden a Disputation there of both Parties of Switzers 105. The Points disputed of Ibid. Bamberg Wigand Bishop of Quarrels with the Elector of Brandenburg 152. Barbarossa the Turkish Admiral takes Castlenovo 251. Lies with his Fleet at Thoulon 314. He Besieges the Castle of Nizza Ibid. When he could not take it he retires to Thoulon 316. As he retires from Thoulon makes sad ravages in Italy 326. Barnes Rich. Burnt at London 269. Basil-Council asserted the Superiority of Councils to a Pope 10. Oecolampadius Preaches there 76. Great Dissentions about Religion 116. Images broken down and burnt upon Ash-Wednesday 117 Mass abolished there Ibid. The Form of the safe Conduct which was granted at the Council of Basil 539. Bavaria the Dukes oppose the Election of Ferdinand King of the Romans 158. The D. of Bavaria intercedes for the D. of Brunswick 307. Beaton David Cardinal Arch-Bishop of St. Andrews killed 382. Becken Otho gives the
the Romans 143. Protests by his Son against Ferdinand's Election to be King of the Romans 144. Pleads Age and demands safe conduct before his going to the Diet at Spire 153. Gives an Answer to the Elector of Mentz and the Prince Palatine 154. The conditions upon which he would acknowledge a King of the Romans 157. Dies 161. John Frederick Son to John D. of Saxony answers the Emperors and Popes Ambassadors 163. Yields to acknowledge Ferdinand K. of the Romans 173. Answers Vergerius's Propositions for a Council 181. Negotiates with Ferdinand to stop the Prosecutions of the Imperial Chamber 185. Goes to Smalcald 189. Negotiates with Henry VIII of England 205. Quarrels with his Cousin George D. of Saxony 206. He communicates the Embassy of the Elector of Brandenbourg to the Landgrave 243. His Answer to the Brandenbourghers Embassy Ibid. Goes to the Convention at Eysenach 244. Quarrels with the D. of Brunswick 247. Writes to the French K. in behalf of the D. of Wirtemberg 249. He sends Ambassadors into England 252. He Answers the Emperors Letters 263. Quarrels with Naumburg about a Bishop 288. Puts in Amstorfius Ibid. Makes War upon the D. of Brunswick with the Landgrave 298. The Declarations of the Reasons of their undertaking Ibid. Their answer to the Message of the States of the Empire 299. Intercedes to no purpose for the D. of Cleve 313. Accommodates with King Ferdinand 325. His Son is affianced to K. Ferdinand's Daughter Ibid. Writes to the Emperor about the D. of Brunswick 354. He armes against the Emperor 384. He and the Landgrave declare War against the Emperor 385. Sends his Son John William Ambassador to D. Maurice 406. Writes to Ulm to the Confederates for Assistance 409. Is in danger upon the Retreat of the Army 412. Raises contributions upon Papists Ibid. Writes to the States of D. Maurice's Countrey 414. Besieges Leipzick 417. Takes most of Maurice's Towns and his own again Ibid. Writes to the City of Strasbourg 419. Takes Rochlitz by Storm and Marquess Albert of Brandenbourg Prisoner 420. His Ambassadors to the Bohemians 424. He takes some Towns from D. Maurice 425. Is overthrown at the Forest of Lochawer 427. Taken Prisoner Ibid. Condemned to die Ibid. Bears it bravely Ibid Accepts the Emperors Proposals 428. Absolves his Subjects from their Oath of Allegiance 429. His Heroical Courage in refusing the Interim 462. He is used with great Harshness 463. Declares he will not perswade his Sons to receive the Interim 469. Is carried Prisoner into the Low Countries 473. And kept with the Emperor 474. Is brought back into Germany with the Emperor 496. Is dismissed by the Emperor 573. Sollicites to be restored upon Maurice's Death 587. Dies 596. The differences between him and the Elector Augustus 597. John Prince Palatine steps between the Landgrave and the D. of Brunswick at the Diet of Spire 319. John Marquess of Brandenbourg answers to the Saxon's and Landgrave's Letter 387â— Refuses the Interim 460. Illebius Joannes Agricola Preaches up Antinomianism 244. Recants 245. Assists in Drawing up the Interim 454. Jubilee Reduced to 50 Years by Pope Clement 9. P. Julius II. obliged to call a Council in 2 Years 26. Refuses to appear at that of Pisa Ibid. Calls another at the Church of St. John de Lateran in Rome Ibid. Excommunicates the Pisan Cardinals 27. Dies Ibid. His decree concerning Appeals 35. P. Julius III. de Monte Inaugurated 492. gives his Hat to a Youth Ibid. Secures Parma to Octavio Farnese 492. Publishes Bulls to call a Council at Trent 503. They Offended many 505. Cites Octavio Farnese to Rome 513. Writes lovingly to the Switzers 514. Publishes Indulgences at the Council of Trent 542. Publishes a Declaration of Thanksgiving for the Reduction of England 611. Dies 614. K. KIng of the Romans terms of choosing one 157. The manner of their Elections 158. Knights the ceremony of their Creation 37. Knipperdoling a great incendiary in Munster 193. Made publick Hangman of the Town 194. Is taken at the Storm of Munster 201. and executed with John of Leyden 202. L. LAndgrave vide Philip Landgrave of Hesse Landre Francis de a Preacher at Paris 297. Articles exhibited against him ibid. His Answer ibid. Recants 309. Latimer Hugh burnt for his Religion at Oxford 619. Langus Matthew Bishop of Gurk vide Maximilian Made Cardinal 27. Lateran Fourth Council its Dignity 26. Immortality of the Soul debated in it 27. Lautrec leads an Army into Italy 110. Takes Alexandria and Pavia ibid. Besieges Naples 115. Dies before it ibid. Lenoncour Robert Cardinal made Bishop of Metz 499. Assists the French King in the taking of Metz 555. Pope Leo X. Publishes Bulls of Indulgences 1. Sends Cajetan to the Diet at Augsbourg 4. Summons Luther to appear at Rome 5. Writes to Cajetan to fetch Luther to Augsbourg and to command all persons to declare their abhorrence of his Opinions ibid. Writes to Frederick D. of Saxony to abandon Luther 6. And to Venize to command him to take care of Luther ibid. Publishes a Bull Nov. 8. 1518. For Indulgences 12. Favours the Election of Francis I. 14. Meets him at Bononia after the defeat of the Switzers at Marignano 14. Concludes the fourth Lateran Council 27. Answers the Elector of Saxony's Letter 34. Publishes a Bull against Luther 35. Condemns his Books and gives him 60 daies to repent Ibid. Else he Excommunicates him 36. Makes a League with the Switzers 48. And with Charles V. 50. Dies Ibid. Leva Antonio de Charles V.'s General in Provence 208. Unsuccessful there Ibid. Lewis XII Sends Ambassadors to the Council of Pisa 26. His Kingdom put under an Interdict by P. Julius 27. Lewis K. of Hungary craves aid from the Diet at Nurenberg 54. Overthrown by Solyman and killed 105. Lewis Prince Palatine stands up for the preserving Luther's safe conduct at Wormes 44. Sends Ambassadors to Smalcald to the Protestants 153. Dies 321. Lewis D. of Bavaria vide Bavaria Leyden John of a Taylor 192. Preaches Anabaptism at Munster Ibid. Incenses the Mad Multitude 193. Marries Matthew's Widow 194. Publishes Polygamy by Inspiration 195. Is made King of the Anabaptists Ibid. Administers the Supper to his Subjects 196. Beheads one of his Queens 199. Is obstinate to the last 201. Is taken in the surprize of the Town by Opersteyn Ibid. Garried about for a sight 202. Executed Ibid. His Body set in a Cage upon a Tower in Munster Ibid. Lindaw the City of Lindaw receives the Interim 472. Lintz a Town of Austria upon the
Accommodation 132. Very much disconsolate 140. Comforted by Luther ibid. Comes to Cologne 310. Defends Bucer 311. His Opinion about Indifferent Things 481. He draws up a Confession of Faith for the Saxon Divines 515. Congratulates John Frederick's safe Return home 574. Sends Letters of Comfort to the Banished Bohemian Preachers 613. Mendoza sent by the Emperor to the Council of Trent 360. Ambassador to Strasbourg 419. His Speech to the Pope about the Council from the Emperor 443. Sends the Pope's Answer to the Emperor 445. Mentz the Seat of the Elector four German miles from Francfort 13. Elector of Mentz vide Albert. The Elector approves the Interim craftily in the Diet 460. Sends the Pope's Indult into the Landgraviate 483. Denies to Register Maurice's Protestation against a Council 499. He leaves Trent 543. He flies from Albert of Brandenbourg 567. He dies 614. Mersburgh Bishops Answer to Luther 33. Milan the Council removed thither from Pisa 27. Miltitz Charles Bedchamber man to Pope Leo vide Wittemberg Miltitz sent by Leo to Frederick against Luther 12. Treats with Luther 23. And the Augustine Friars concerning him ibid. Minden proscribed by the Imperial Chamber 245. Mirandula Joannes Picus his Books Censured 28. Monte Cardinal de the Pope's Legate at Bononia His Answer to the Pope's Letter 444. His Insolent Vsage of Vargas the Emperor's Ambassador at Bononia 446 447. made Pope and called Julius III. 492. Montmorency Anne made Constable of France 239. Is in disgrace 277. Gains Favour with Henry II. King of France Takes Metz for the French King 555. His Treaty with the Deputies of Strasbourg 557. More Sir Thomas Chancellor of England 180. Beheaded for not denying the Pope's Supremacy Ibid. Morin John under-Provost of Paris prosecutes the Protestants severely 175. Morone John Legate to P. Paul III. at Spire 291. Muleasses K. of Tunis outed of his Country comes to Augsbourg 457. Muncer Thomas begins to Preach in Franconia 52. An account of his Enthusiasm 83. Settles at Mulhansen 84. Turns out by the Rabbles help all the Magistrates ibid. Joyns with the Boors of Swabia and Franconia Ibid. Is routed by Count Mansfield Ibid. Retires with his Gang to Franck-hausen Ibid. His Speech to the Rabble 85. His men frighted 86. Routed by the Princes Army Ibid. 5000. of them taken Ibid. Muncer taken at Franck-hausen Ibid. Racked to confess his accomplices Ibid. Beheaded Ibid. Munster a City in Westphalia possessed by the Anabaptists 174. The Senate Estabilsh the Reformed Religion there 191. They make a treaty with the Bishop 192. Banish the Anabaptists Ibid. They are Tumultuous there 193. It is besieged by its Bishop Ibid. Who is assisted by the Neighbouring Princes 194. A great Famine in the City 198. The Princes threaten to send the Force of the Empire upon them 197. Murner Thomas a Franciscan Friar complains to Campegio against the Senate of Strasbourg 73. Musculus Wolfgangus flies from Augsbourg to Bern for not subscribing the Interim 461. N. NAples a sedition there because of the Inquisition 434. Nassaw Count of desires the Elector of Saxony to come to the Diet at Spire 152. Henry of Nassaw Charles V's General in Picardy 208. Unsuccessful there Ibid. William Son to Count Nassaw succeeds the Prince of Orange 327. Naves discourses with Count Solmes about the War designed against the Protestants 357. Speaks to the Landgrave at Spire in the Emperors name 368. Dies 419. Naumbourg the Chapter choose Phlugius for their Bishop 288. Netherlands Reformation gets footing there 341. Northumberland John D. of Marries his Son Guilford Dudley to the Lady Jane Gray 580. Is siezed on at Cambridge 589. And beheaded by Q. Mary Ibid. Nuremberg a Diet convened thither 51. Their Ministers accused to the Popes Legate 62. The Acts of the Diet Published 63. The treaty of Pacification removed hither from Schurnfurt 160. A Peace is there concluded Ibid. A Holy League there drawn up amongst the Popish Princes 245. Another Diet there 298. The decree of that Diet 299. The Netherlands Ambassadors accuse theâ—â— of Cleve in the Diet 306. The Decree of the Diet 307. Their quarrels with Albert of Brandenbourg 561. Vide Albert their Answer to Albert's Remonstrance 599. O OBersteyn Ulrick Count made General of the Army against the Munster mad Men 197. His Soldiers are tumultuous for want of Pay 200. He carries the Town at last 201. Ockham William Condemned by the University of Paris 28. What his Doctrine 29. Oecolampadius John Preaches at Basil 76. He embraces the Doctrine of Zuinglius 97. Disputes at Bern 111. Meets Luther at Marpurg 121. Dies 156. Orleans vide Franciscan Friars D. of Orleans dies 352. Osiander comes to Marpurg to the Conference betwixt Luther and Zuinglius 121. Sets up a new Sect about Justification in Prussia 511. Rails against Melancthon and the Saxon Divines 512. Dies at Coningsberg 575. His Sect in Prussia promise to submit to the Augustane Confession 632. Otho Prince Palatine Embraces the Protestant Religion 300. Recovers his Country and Joyns with the Confederate Princes 556. Oxford a dispute there concerning the Lord's Supper 483. Oxline John a Minister carried by force from his House by the Governour of Turegie 76. This Occasions the Canton of Zurich to remonstrate 77. P. PAlatine George vide Spires Palatine Prince vide Lewis vide Otho Palaeologus John Emperor of Constantinople comes to the Council of Ferrara 10. Pall the excessive charge of it 273. The Ceremony of its consecration 274. Passaw a Treaty there 563. The Princes Mediators there answer Maurice's Grievances 564. And they answer the French Ambassadors Speech 565. They exhort the Emperor to a Peace by Letters 566. They answer the Emperors Letters 568. The heads of the Pacification 572. Paris Doctors of that University appealed against P. Leo for Abrogating the Pragmatick Sanction 10. Censure the Books of Reuchlin 30. And condemn Luther's Books 47. An Account of the Faculty of Divinity at Paris 48. A Young Gentleman of Thoulouse burnt there for Religion 239. They are severe upon the Lutherans 296. The manner of Proceedings upon him 297. Their Divines at Melun draw up Articles against the Reformation 342. The Parliament answers the K. of France's Edict 619. Paul III. Farnese chosen Pope 174. Instructs Vergerius how to stave off a Council 175. Issues out Bulls to call a Council 206. And others to reform the Vices of Rome 209. Prorogues the Council called at Mantua 230. Is Sollicitous to reconcile the Emperor and the King of France 232. Appoints a Committe of Cardinals to Examine the Corruptions of the Church of Rome 233. Nominates Vicenza for the Session of the Council 238. Returns to Rome 241. Prorogues the Council without Limitation 250. Sends his Legate to the Emperor 264. Makes War upon Perugia 266. The Speech of his Legate at the Diet of Spire 291. Allows a Council to be held at Trent 292. Sends Cardinals to mediate between the French K. and the Emperor 303. Commends the Chapter of Cologne in a Letter to
Landgrave The Landgrave again speaks to the Emperour The ignorance of the Archbishop of Cologne observed by the Emperour The Emperour to the Landgrave The Conferences of some Princes Granvell speaks The Landgrave answers Granvell's words Divines are awkward and obstinate The Landgrave's words The Opinion of Paphnutius about the Lord's Supper and marriage of Priests Granvell speaks after the Landgrave The Landgrav's Answer The Elector Palatine's Opinion in this Conference Granvell's Answer The Landgrav's Speech The Landgrave Arbitrator betwixt the Dukes of Saxony The Emperour advises the Landgrave to come to the Diet. The Emperour thanks the Landgrave The Landgrave's Answer to the Emperour The Emperour to the Landgrave The Landgrave to the Emperour The Emperour to the Landgrave The Landgrave's Answer Spede's soppishness The Landgrave takes leave of the Emperour An Assembly of the Protestant Deputies at Wormes They of Ravensbourg enter into the Protestant League The third Session of the Council of Trent and the Acts of it The Speech of Don Francisco de Toledo in the Council The Pope's Letters to the Bishops of Switzerland The Switzers highly commended The Archbishop of Cologne excommunicated by the Pope The Emperour 's coming to Ratisbonne Diazi's murder unrevenged The Emperour's Speech at Ratisbonne Truce with the Turk by the mediation of the French King. A Division amongst the Electors The Protestants opinion of the Council of Trent A constant report of a War against the Protestants The Cardinal of Trent is sent to Rome to sollicit the promised assistance The Preparations of War. Albert and John of Brandenbourg take charge under the Emperour The Landgrave's Segacity The Protestants ask the Emperour the warlike preparations The Emperour answers the Protestants The Emperour's Letter to the Protestant Cities The Emperour writes to the Duke of Wirtemberg Granvell and Naves discourse the Deputies of the Protestants Cities A Decree of the Council of Trent The Office of Pastors Decrees concerning Original Sin. The Decree of Sixtus IV. concerning the Virgin Mary The Speech of the French Embassador He means the King of England The Demands of the French King. The Answer of those of Strasbourg to the Emperour Duke Maurice had a private Conference with the Emperour The Protestant Deputies return home The Emperour's Embassie to the Suizers The Duke of Wirtemberg and the Towns of Vpper Germany rise in Arms. The first of the Protestant Commanders Balthazar Gutling's Speech to the Soldiers A Meeting of the Protestant Deputies at Vlme Their Letters to the Venetians the Nobility of Germany the Grisons and those of Tyrol The Emperour's League with the Pope against the Reformed The Church Revenues in Spain given for maintaining a War against the Lutherans Peace betwixt France and England Henry the Dauphin of France has a Daughter The Cardinal of Scotland killed The Pope's Letter to the Suizers The Embassadours of the Protestants to the Suizzers Wolffembottel is demolished The Prince Palatine enquires after the cause of the War. The Elector Palatine desires to reconcile the Protestants to the Emperour Saxony and the Landgrave arm The Protestants Letters to the Emperour The Authors of the War against the Protestants The Emperour's Letter to the Archbishop of Cologne The Protestants send Ambassadors to the Kings of England and France Saxony and Landgrave publish a Declaration concerning the War. The Bishop of Ausbourg a great Incendiary The Protestants Letters to the Marquess of Brandenbourg Brandenbourgs Answer A Manifesto against Brandenbourg The Forces of the Landgrave The Landgrave sends his Son to Strasbourg The Duke of Brunswick offers to betray the Papists Councels against the Protestants The first Exploit of the Protestants Fiessen taken Erenberg is taken by Scherteline Francis Castlealto Dilinghen and Donawert taken by the Protestants These of Ausbourg furnish the Emperour with Money The Emperour's Forces at Ratisbonne The Duke of Saxony and the Landgrave Outlawed by the Emperour The Marriages of Bavaria and Cleves amidst the noise of War. The Session of the Council is put off The number of the Fathers of the Council of Trent Titular Archbishops Olaus Magnus of Vpsale and Venant a Scot. The King of Sweden reforms Religion The Archbishop reduced to poverty dies Duke Maurice his Progress to King Ferdinand The Emperour's Letters to Duke Maurice and to his Brother Augustus wherein he desires them to take possession of the Inheritances of the Duke of Saxony and Landgrave and so prevent others The Protestants Letters to the Duke of Bavaria A great Misfortune occasioned by Lightning at Mechelin The Suitzers Answer to the Protestants The Protestants Demand of the Suitzers The Protestants declare War against the Emperour The Emperour refuses to receive the Protestants Letters The Emperour's Answer to the Protestants Messenger A Dispute about what Title should be given to the Emperour The Protestants march to Ratisbonne The Pope's Forces come to the Emperour The Officers of the Pope's Army The Horse of the Duke of Florence and Ferrara A bloody Saying of Farnese The Commanders of the Emperour's Army German Princes in the Emperour's Camp. The Princes in the Protestants Camp. The Emperour marches to Ratisbonne A Skirmish betwixt the Landgrave's Men and the Spanish Garrison The Spaniards break into the Protestants Camp. The Count of Buren marches with his Forces to joyn the Emperour The Landgrave's bold and good Advice The oversight of the Protestants in not laying hold on their oppertunity was the beginning of their miscarriage in the War. The Emperour 's great Courage The Answer of the Suitzers to the Emperour The Pope and Emperour pretended not the same Cause for the War of Germany The Emperour's Letter to the Protestant Suitzers The Protestant Cantons Answer to the Emperour The Protestants Address to the Bohemians The Protestants Declaration concerning Incendiaries and Poysoners sent out by the Pope The Protestants Answer to the Instrument of Proscription The Emperour's Expression about the subduing of Germany * Who had refused the Empire when it was offered unto him The Protestants raise their Camp. The Count of Buren joyns the Emperor The French King refused to send the Protestants Assistance The Protestants grosly deceived by Stroza an Italian The Protestants write to the Reformed Suitzers The Suitzers Answer The Catholick and Protestant Camps near one another The River Egra Albert of Brunswick dies of his wounds Donawert surrendered to the Emperor The Duke of Alva insults over the Landgrave A change of affairs in Saxony Duke Maurice consults against the Protestants The Letters of Duke Maurice's Friends to the Protestants Duke Maurice writes to the Landgrave to the same purpose The Embassie of John William of Saxony to Duke Maurice Scherteline leaves the Protestant Camp. The Emperor Master of the Danube The Protestants lose an opportunity of taking the Emperour A Stratagem A Skirmish betwixt the Landgrave and Prince of Sulmona Another Stratagem used by the Emperor The Plague in the Emperors Camp. Farnese with some Troops returns home The Landgrave's Answer to the Mauricians The Landgrave's
suspicion of Lutheranism disappointed of the Popedom The year of Jubily The Golden-Gate The institution of the Jubily by Boniface VIII Reduced to 50 years And then to 25. The Jubily in the year 1550 earnestly desired by Paul III. But he was disappointed The Death of Paulus Fagius Mass again said at Strasburg 1550 The sight of Mass strange at first A tumult in the Cathedral of Strasburg The Preacher leaves the Pulpit and shifts for himself Saying of Mass interrupted The Priests glad of it A treaty of Peace between the English and French. The Protector of England delivered out of Prison Factions at Rome about chusing a Pope John Maria de Monte is made Pope De Monte changing his name is called Julius III. The French Kings Edict The number of Cardinals Julius inaugurated The opening of the golden gate A Joke upon the Cardinal of Ausburg Ambassadours sent to complement the Pope Parma restored to Octavio The most obscene Letter of Camillo Oliva out of the Conclave The Emperours Letter to the States of the Empire wherein he appoints a Dyet Peace betwixt the English and French. Boloigne restored to the French. Another Manifesto of the Magdeburgers The confession oâ— Faith of the Ministers of Magdeburg The Bishop of Strasburg complains to the Emperour of the City Mass again begun there The Emperour and his Son come to Ausburg The Emperours Edict against the Lutherans in the Netherlands The Reward of Informers Many astonished at the Emperours Edict especially those of Antwerp The 〈◊〉 against the 〈◊〉 The power of the Inquisitors The Questions in the Emperours Edict against the Lutherans The Cardinal of Lorrain the Companion of King Francis dies By whom Metz betrayed Adolph Archbishop of Cologne makes his entry into that City The Duke of Cleve has a Daughter born Duke Maurice his Protestation against the Council The Elector of Mentz Chancellor of the Empire The Cardinal of Ausburgs Sermon against the Lutherans Some Spaniards interrupt Divine Service The death of Granvell The Bishop of Arras in great power with the Emperour Brunswick besieged Dragut a notable Pirate Tripoly taken by the Imperialists The occasion of a Turkish War. At the Emperour's Command Duke Henry and the Senate of Brunswick lay down their Arms. Their Forces were by the Duke of Meckleburg turn'd against the Magdeburgers The death of John Albert Archbishop of Magdeburg Gâ—â—â—ge Duke of Meckleburg wasts the Country of Magdeburg The Magdeburgers engage the Duke of Meckleburg And are overthrown The Emperour complains of the Magdeburgers and Bremers The Princes write to the Magdeburgers and Bremeâ—s A Woman of Ausburg in great danger for a rash word The Edict about Religion in the Netherlands moderated at the intercession of the Emperour's Sister The Conditions proposed to the Bremers And to the Magdeburgâ—rs The third Declaration and undaunted Courage of the Magdeburgers Forces against the Magdeburgers A fight at Magdeburg The besieged make a sally out A Cessation of Arms. A Deputation sent to the Emperour against Magdeburg The Bremers Letter to the Princes at Ausburg The Answer of the Magdeburgers The death of Vlrick Duke of Wirtemberg A cruel Decree against the Mâ—gdeburgers Duke Mauric General of the War against Magdebâ—rg Which the Emperour is earnest should be prosecuted The Emperour desires to know the Reasons why the Interim was not observed The Causes why the Decree was not observed The Answer of the Deputies and Catholick Princes to these things Pope Julius his Bull for calling the Council Duke Maurice attacks the Magdeburgers Mansfield and Heideck defeated by Duke Maurice The Emperour's Edict against the Magdeburgers The Landgrave's Sons sue in behalf of their Father Lazarus Schuendi sent by the Emperour to the Landgrave's Sons c. The Landgrave thinks of making his escape But the design is discovered The Emperours Letters to Duke Maurice and Brandeburg concerning the Landgrave's flight Duke Maurice comforts the Landgrave's Sons promising his utmost endeavours The Magdebâ—rgers sally out and get the Victory The Duke of Meckleburg taken Maximilian's return into Germany The Emperour and King Ferdinand's emulation for the Empire Maximilian beloved of all Pope Julius his Bull offended many The Magdebâ—rgers are solicited to surrender The Declaration of the Clergy of Magdebâ—â—g against the Senate The actions of the Inhabitants of Magdeburg against the Clergy The value of the damage received The Magdeburgâ—s answer to the Accusations of the Clergy 1551 King Ferdinand complains of the Turks breach of Truce The Bishop of Winchester turned out of his Bishoprick and committed to prison again Osiander's new Opinion about Justification Condemned by the other Divines Albert Duke of Prussia sides with Osiander Joachim Merlin and some others are banished for Osiander's Doctrine Osiander falls foul upon the Divines of Wittemberg and Melanchton Another of his Opinions The Decree of the Dyet of Ausburg A meeting of the Princes at Norimberg Supplies decreed to King Ferdinand against the Turk The Emperours Edict against those that should assist the Magdeburgers Octavio Farnese in protection of the King of France puts a French Garison into Parma Sentence pronounced against the Landgrave Bucer dies The complaint of the Bishop of Strasburg against the Preachers Prodigies in Saxony The Popes Brief against Octavio Farnese Octavio cited to Rome The Council meets again at Trent Heideck a Friend to the Magdeburgers Farnese being conâ—umacious undertakes the defence of Parma The Emperours Declaration against Octavio The War of Parma betwixt the Emperour and French. The Popes Brief to the Switzers wherein he desires them to send their Bishops to the Council Prince Philip returns to Spain The French Kings Apology to the Pope Parma of the Patrimony of the Church Conditions of Peace proposed to the Magdeburgers The Empeâ—our calls the States to Trent Duke Maurice his Confession drawn up by Melanchton The Confession of Wirtemberg Brentius is by the Duke of Wirtemberg restored to the Ministery in the Church A Mâ—tiny in Magdeburg Duke Maurice his Letter to the Emperour The Decree of the Council of Constance The safe Conduct that the Bohemians had when they came to the Council of Basil The Ministers of Ausburg questioned about their Doctrine The Answer and Constancy of the Ministers The Ministers of Ausburg banished Preaching prohibited The liberality of the Captive Duke of Saxony towards banished Ministers The Reasons why they were served so Henry King of France makes War against the Emperour Cherie and St. Damian taken The Reasons why the French King made War against the Emperour The Turk takes Tripoly Contrary Narratives from the Emperour and King of France The Restauration of the Council of Trent Wherein Cardinal Crescentio presides The French King Letter to the Council And a Debate amongst the Fathers about the Superscription of it The Speech of the French Ambassadour The French Kings Protestation against the Council of Trent Expectative Graces The payment of Annats discharged Pragmatick Sanction The Advice of the Parliament of Paris not to abrogate
to the Swisses The Skirmishes the Princes had with the Imperialists Erenberg again taken A Mutiny in the Camp of Duke Maurice The Emperor flies in the Night time And escapes to Villach The Duke of Saxony set at Liberty A Convention of the States of the Low-Countries about making a League The Bishops of Cologne and Liege make League with the House of Burgundy The Emperor's House Plundered The Declaration of the Princes for restoring the outed Ministers The Princes restore the Ministers Devastations made by Marquess Albert. Albert's Letter to those of Norimberg The treaty of the Norimbergers with Duke Maurice Their Complaint to the Princes The Answer of the Princes The Norimbergers Answer to Albert's Letter Albert's cruelty towards the Norimbergers The Bishops of Bamberg and Wurtzburg severely fined by Albert. The Cities of Schuabia Mediators betwixt the Norimbergers and Marquess Albert The Norimbergers make Peace with Marquess Albert The Siege of Norimberg removed Albert's Letter to the City of Ulm. The City of Ulm's Answer to Albert. The French King wastes the Country of Luxembourg And sacks Danvilliers and Ivey The Treaty of Passaw Duke Maurice's Grievances The Opinion of the Princes Moderators concerning the Grievances proposed by Duke Maurice The French Ambassador's Speech The Princes answer to the Speech of the French Ambassador Of the Family of Luxembourg Albert of Austria Duke Maurice insists chiefly on two Points The Mediators by Letters exhort the Emperor to Peace Albert of Brandenburg deserting the Confederates makes War in his own Name Albert falls foul of the Electors of Mentz and Treves The Elector of Mentz flies for it Albert demands of the Elector of Treves his chief Castle Duke Maurice impatient of Delay His Speech in the Assembly of the Princes The Emperor's Letter to the Princes Mediators The Mediators Letter to the Emperor Duke Maurice returns to the Confederates Duke Maurice besieges Francfurt George Duke of Meckleburg killed with a great Shot The Elector Palatine unwillingly supplies the Princes with Cannon Conditions of Peace proposed by the Emperor The Emperor's Answer to the Mediators Letter The Emperor's Answer to the French Ambassadors Letter Duke Maurice accepts the Peace The French King reduces his Army The Duchess of Lorain commanded to leave France Wolffgang Master of Prussia driven out of his Countrey Albert persecutes the Bishops on the Rhine The Bishop of Spire dies Albert's Demands to the Senate of Strasburg The Answer of the Senate Albert besieges Franckfurt The Heads of the Pacification at Passaw The French King offended at the Pacification of Passaw Rifeberg joyns with Albert. Who slighting the Peace makes war against the Bishops of Mentz and Spire The Arch-Bishop of Mentz comes to Ausburg The Sienese revolt from the Emperor Marquess Albert robs she Churches of Mentz Spire The Death of Herman Archbishop of Cologne The Landgrave set at liberty is stopt again Duke Maurice sends his Forces into Hungary Those of Treves refuse a Garison And receive Albert. The Emperor again changes the Senate of Ausburg and restores the Ministers of the Church The Duke of Saxony and Landgrave return home Melanchthon congratulates the return of the Duke of Saxony Marquess Albert's March into the Country of Luxembourg The Emperor charges the Franconians to recover what Albert had taken from them The Emperor marches with his Army to Lorrain The Deputies of Strasburg desires of the Emperor His Answer The Emperor makes his Entry into Strasburg Where the Senate makes him a Present Foreign Ambassadors with the Emperor Richard Morison from England and Marco Antonio Amulio from Venice The Rapine of the Soldiers Which the Duke of Alva did not or could not repress The outlawed Persons slight the Peace and stay in France Hedio and Osiander Dye The Emperor besieges Metz. Marquess Albert makes his Peace with the Emperor Rifeberg goes over to the French King. A Fight betwixt Albert and the French at Pont à Mousson The Bishop of Bayonne escapes and D'Aumale is taken George Lichtemberg The Imperialists take Hesdin The French King writes to the Emperor The Siege of Metz. The Duke of Brunswick again driven out of his Country by Count Mansfield The Master of the Teutonick Order takes Elwang The Duke of Wirtemberg regains Elwang The People of Ulm demolish Helfestein The Emperor raises the Siege of Metz. 1553. Lutheran Books burnt by the Hangman at Metz. The Imperial Chamber order War to be made against Marquess Albert The French Declaration to the States of the Empire Marquess Albert's Complaint of the Franconian Bishops His Deputation also to the Imperial Chamber The Chambers Answer The Emperor writes to Marquess Albert. The Commissioners of the Dukes of Saxony John Frederick and Maurice meet to make them Friends The Ambition of Cardinal Lenoncourt Marsey garrisoned by French. Princes meet at Heidelberg to make Peace betwixt Marquess Albert and the Bishops of Franconia Marquess Albert slighting Peace betakes himself to Arms and publishes a Declaration The Duke of Wirtemberg and the Master of the Teutonick Order are reconciled The Decree of the Imperial Chamber against Marquess Albert and who were enjoyned to put it in Execution Duke Maurice makes a League with the Duke of Brunswick Albert Burns and Plunders He takes Bamberg The Norimbergers raise Bohemian Horse The Duke of Brunswick plagues his Neighbours Cleve and Cologne made Friends A convention of the Princes at Franckfurt The Emperor's Answer to his Ambassadors Letters The Counts of Oetingen force a good Father into Banishment Terovanne besieged and taken English Affairs The War in Germany The Declaration against Alcert Albert's Answer Albert's Territories Invaded Sigismond King of Poland Edward VI. Dies A Battel in which Maurice Elector of Saxony is Slain Maurice Duke of Saxony dies Prodigies which seemed to foretel his Death Hesdin taken The Emperor's Advice to the Princes of Germany Augustus Brother of Maurice succeeds The Diet of Saxony Nine Persons burnt at Lyons in France English Affairs †Sleidan has Norfolk Queen Mary entreth London The Story of Gardiner Northumberland beheaded Peter Martyr One Thornton Suffragan at Dover †Four or five †This Manifesto is extant at large in Dr. Burnet's History of the Reformation The Bishop imprisoned The Religion changed in England German Affairs Albert defated again Hoffe taken Corsica taken By the French and Turks The Waa in France Cambray besieged Several Princes of Germany meet †The Duchess de Valentois Albert retires into France Brunswick sieged †He was Prolocutor of the lower House of Convocation and Dean of Westminster but the Dispute began the twenty third of October tho' it was proposed the eighteenth in the Convocation Servetus a Spaniard burnt Sturmius dies Cardinal Pool detained in Germany The War against Albert Prosecuted English Affairs †Outlawed †Outlawed A Parliament in England †This was not done till March of the next Year 1554. †In this our Author seems to be â—isinformed for he said nothing of Religion in Publick The Lady Jane
Beheaded The Deaths of the Duke and Duchess of Saxony The differences between him and Augustus The Strangers leave England The Princess Elizab. committed to the Tower. The Siege of Siena Sir Tho. Wiat executed A Parliament The Diet of Germany The Norimbergerr Answer to Albert. Albert goes into Saxony The Duke of Savoy dies The Edict of King Ferdinand concerning Religion Papal Queries The French War iâ— the Low-Countries In Italy Prince Philip arrives in England Naples Resigned The Diet of ankfurt The French King's Letter to this Diet. Milan resigned to King Philip A Parliament in England †The Attainder was reversed the 22th of November England reconciled to the See of Rome The Emperor's Letter to the States of Germany Ferdinand comes to Ausburg 1555. The Parliament of England dissolved Five burnt in England The Diet opened in Germany A National Council of Germany long disused The Effect of this Speech April 10. 1556. England submits to the Court of Rome 1556. †Atrocia Blasseburg ruined Ferdinand invites the Princes to the Diet. The Protestâ—ne Ministers Comfort the banished Bohemians The French War in Piâ—dmont The Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg and other Princes League together The Letter of these Princes to the Emperor The Elector of Mentz dies Julius III. dies Siena taken by the Emperor's Forces Marceilus II. dies Paul the IV. Elected Cardinal Pool's Letter for a Peace †In 1521. * In 1522. Queen Mary mediates between the Emperor and King of France The Letter of the German Princes to the Emperor His Answer The Persecution in England An Insurrection in Geneva The Turks Fleet. Porto Ercole taken Catzenellobâ—gen The English Ambassadors Return from Rome The Danish Navy †1549. Latimer and Ridley burnt at Oxford †I suppose our Author was mis-informed as to this Particular The Parliament of Paris Answer to the King's Edict Caâ—zenellobogen The Low Countries resigned by the Emperor to King Philip. The Diet of Germany †In 1548. The Allegations of the Roman-Catholicks A Virulent Paper put in by the Roman-Catholicks against the Protestants Liberty of Conscience contrary to Catholick Religion The Protestants Answer Rom. 1. The Answer of King Ferdinand The form of the Recess prâ—posed Ferdinand's Answer to the Papers The Protestants Reply Ferdinand's Answer to the Protestants The Decree then made A Parliament begun the 21st of October in England The Pope requires the restitution of Abby-Lands Bishop Gardiner Dies †A suppression of his Urin. A Duke of Venice deposed King Philip and Ferdinand send Ambassadors to the Princes of Germany King Philip entereth upon the Government of the Netherlands The Address of the States of the Lower Austria for Liberty of Conscience King Ferdinand's Answer The States of the Lower Austria reply English affairs †The 12th of September Cranmer Burnt The Subjects of Bavaria petition for Liberty of Conscience Transylvania revolts The Cardinal of Ausburg's Apology for himself The Marquess of Baden embraceth the Augustan Confession Peter Martyr goes to Zurich * The cause by them alledged was That Ferdinand contrary to his promise had put Spanish Souldiers into their Towns which ruin'd their Country Thuan. †The Inhabitants and Garrison finding the Castle too little to be defended made a sudden Sally and recovered the Town the 23d of July the Turks were forced with great loss and shame to draw off * Which was then said to be much debased and corrupted to the damage of the People †These short Accounts seem added by another hand after the Author was dead if not that of the Emperour's Journey The Introduction The Revolt of Transylvania Sigeth besieged and most bravely defended by the Germans The Situation of Sigeth Babotz besieged The Character of Haly the Turks General Gran surprized by Scalado Charles V resigns the Netherlands and Spain to his Son. And the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand The Emperour's Ambassadours to the Electoral Princes The Emperour sets sail for Spain His Speech at his landing The description of the Place in which he lived Thuanus John Sleidan's Death and Character Natura iracundus pene implacabilis Natalis Comes Paul IV a furious Hare-brained Prince He annexes the Kingdom of Naples to the See of Rome The Duke de Alva begins a a War upon the Papacy Anagni taken Rome prepared for a Siege The Seige of Ostia 1557. The French Affairs Valenza taken Ostia retaken by the Pope The War in Italy under the Duke of Guise The Duke de Alva takes the Field Segni taken by the Spaniards The Duke of Guise recall'd A Peace between King Philip and the Pope * Caviiâ— The Affairs of England Ferrara rescued from Ruine by the Duke of Florence The Dyet of Ratisbonne A Remonstrance of the Protestant Princes Albert Marquis of Brandenburg dies The County of Catzenellobogen setled by Agreement The Conference at Wormes The War between France and Spain Queen Mary joyns with Spain The Siege of St. Quintin The Battel of St. Quintin Montmorancy ruin'd by being taken Prisoner The Day of the Battel St. Quintin taken by Storm A Letter of Charles V to his Son Philip. The French Army grows great A Persecution in France The misrepresentations of the Roman Catholicks against the Protestants The Siege of Calais 1558. The Site of Calais Guines taken A Turkish Fleet land in several Places of Italy and carry many into Slavery The Dauphine married to Mary Queen of Scotland The first Proposals of a Peace between France and King Philip. Andelot Marshal of France ruined by the Arts of the Guises Thionville besieged and taken The Defeat of Thermes near Graveling Dunkirk surprized And Vinoxberg The English Fleet unsuccessful The Treaty of Cambray began The Parliament of England meet and Queen Mary dies The German Affairs * That is the Ecclesiastical and Civil Government The Death and Character of Charles the Fifth His Opinion concerning Justification Queen Elizabeth succeeds The Scotch Affairs Scotland begins to entertain the Reformation 1559. The Death of Frederick I King of Denmark Christian II King of Denmark dies Frederick II conquereth Dieâ—marsh The Affairs of Italy New Bishopricks erected in the Low-Countries King Philip desirous of a Peace with France that he might be at leisure to extirpate Heresie That Design discover'd to the Prince of Orange The Dyet of Germany Conditions proposed by the Protestants for a Council The Emperor Confirms the Peace of Passaw The French Embassadors come to the Dyet The Life and Death of David George a famous Impostor The Treaty of Cambray produces a Peace at last The Peace occasions a Persecution in France The King goes to the Parliament of Paris to aw it into a Compliance Yet some retained their Freedom at the Price of their Lives The King's Answer A French Synod held by the Protestant Ministers The Protestant Princes of Germany write to the King of France A Commission issued to try the suspected Members of Parliament Du Bourg first tried The sad Condition of France during the Persecution Henry
Landgrave of Hesse an Account of a Confederacy of the German Princes 114. Beghardi vide Picards Belgrade vide Solyman Bellay Sieur de Langey sent by K. Francis to Smalcald 183. His Speech to the Protestants there Ibid. Dies 309. S. Bernard his Letter to P. Eugenius 24. Bern the Cantons of Bern desire a Publick Dispute at Bern 110. They Publish Theses of Disputation 111. There is a Disputation held Ibid. They abolish Popery 112. They join with the Zurichers to stop Provisions to the other Cantons 155. They are slack in sending the Zurichers Relief 156. Bichling Count condemned to die for siding with the French 326. Is pardoned Ibid. Blancer Ambrose disputes at Bern 111. Preaches up the Reformed Religion at Constance 112. Leaves his Monastery Ibid. Assists Bucer in constituting a Protestant Church at Ulm. 149. Bohemians Communicate in both Kinds 26. Their Suppression consulted about in the Fourth Lateran Council 27. Sects amongst them 53. They invade Saxony unwillingly 408. They return Home 409. They refuse to Fight against the Elector of Saxony 417. The Nobility of Prague desire a Convention to be called 420. A League amongst them Ibid. They Write to Ferdinand and Duke Maurice 423. They Write to the Moravians to defend their Liberties 424. They Write to Ferdinand interceding for the Duke of Saxony 425. And prepare for War. Ibid. They stand by the Duke of Saxony 426. They promise to comply 427. Pope Boniface the 8th appointed a Jubile every 100 Years 9. Book Printed in French against the Hucksters of Sacred things 178. An Account of it Ibid. Boors rise in Swaben 76. Are quieted Ibid. Rise again there 79. Publish their Demands Ibid. They treat with the Deputies of the Empire at Ulm. 80. They are Routed by George Truchses at Lippen Ibid. The Boors in Algow disperse themselves Ibid. They Rise in Franconia Ibid. Killed Count Helfenstein at Winsperg Ibid. Are Routed by Truchses 81. He punishes those who killed Count Helfenstein Ib. Another body takes Wirtzburg Ibid. Are Routed by Truchses Ibid. Vp in Lorrain Ibid. There Defeated Ibid. And every where else in Germany Ibid. Many killed Treacherously after Promise of Life Ibid. The demands of the Boors in Schwabia 90. Bourbon vide Charles D. of Bourdeaux a Sedition there 474. Quelled and the Inhabitants Punished Severely 475. Brandenburg Duke of Appeals to a General Council from the Bishop of Bamberg 152. Brandenburg Elector vide Joachim the Marquesses of Brandenburg act against the Protestants 376. Bremer's Answer to the Proposals made to them by the Princes 502. Brentius John in great Distress at Hall about the Interim 461. Received by the D. of Wirtemberg 462. He draws up a Confession of the Divines in the Dutchy and is esteemed by the Duke 515. Bruly Peter Preaches the Reformed Religion in the Netherlands 341. Is seized upon at Tournay Ibid. The Protestants in Germany intercede for him Ibid. He is Examined 342. Burnt Ibid. Brunswick Hen. D. of hot against the Protestants 239. His Letters to the Bishop of Mentz and Eldo intercepted by the Landgrave 246. He Quarrels with the Elector of Saxony 247. Accuses the Protestants 267. Hires Incendiaries to burn some Towns in Saxony 275. Who is accused of it to the Emperor Ibid. He is thrown out by the Saxon and the Landgrave 298. Appeals to the Imperial Chamber 304. Protestants in the Diet of Spire 319. The Story of the Dukes Mistress Eve Trottine 322. He answers the Calumnies of the Confederates 323. His Country sequestred into the Emperor's Hands 326. He cheats the French King of his Money 351. His Dutchy sequestred to the Emperor 352. He is Obstinate Ib. Raises an Army 352. Makes great spoil in the Dutchy of Brunswick Ibid. Is opposed by the Landgrave 353. Emploies D. Maurice to Mediate for him Ibid. Breaks the Truce Ibid. Fights the Landgrave 354. Surrenders at Discretion Ibid Offers to betray the Popish Councils to the Landgrave 388. Is set at Liberty and goes to the Emperor at Hall 432. Commences his Actions against the Landgrave in the Imperial Chamber 474. Besieges Brunswick 500. Outed of his Country by Volrat Count Mansfield 576. Complains of it to the Emperor at Metz. Ibid. Leagues with Maurice 578. Plagues his Westphalian Neighbours 579. Routs Albert 591. Besieges Brunswick 593. Makes an Agreement with John Frederick D. of Saxony Ibid. Prosecutes the War in Albert's Country 594. Raises Money from the Cities in the lower Saxony 602. Bucer Mart. meets Luther at Marpurg 121. Endeavours to unite Luther and Zuinglius 141. Constitutes a Church at Ulm 149. Goes to Cologne at Gropper's Invitation 288. Is kindly received by the Bishop Ibid. Preaches at Bon 310. Is opposed by the Clergy of Cologne 311. Opposes Malvenda about Justification at Ratisbon 359. Goes from the Conference Ibid. Is sent for to Ausburg 454. Rejects the Interim 457. Goes into England 479. And dies at Cambridge 513. Buda Besieged by Ferdinand 284. Taken by Solyman by a Trick 285. Budaeus Will. dies 269. Bull de Coena Domini what 42. Bull Golden what 19. Buren Maximilian Count of comes to assist the Emperor 397. He joins the Emperor 403. Takes Darmstadt 414. And Frankfort upon Composition Ibid. Dies 478. C CAden Mich. sends an Account to Nuremberg of their Ambassadors being confined at Piacenza 125. Presents a Protestant Book to Charles ibid. For which he is in danger ibid. But makes his Escape ibid. Caesar Leonard Burnt for Relgion 110. Calvin John Preaches at Strasburg 241. Answers Cardinal Farness's Speech against the Protestants 266. Writes an Antidote against the Sorbonâ— Doctors and a Book of Reliques 314. Is expelled Geneva 616. Campegio Cardinal goes to Nuremberg 66. Writes to the Elector Frederick Duke of Saxony 67. His Speech to the Princes of the Empire 68. His Reply to their Answer 69. His Answer to the Deputies from Strasburg 73. makes a Speech at the Diet at Worms 271. Capua Nich. Archbishop of Capua against Reformation 238. Sends a Copy of the Draught into Germany ibid. Caracciolus Martinus sent to Frederick by the Pope against Luther 38. Made a Cardinal 39. Cardinal The Delegate Cardinals draw a Model of Reformation 233. The Cardinals at the Council of Trent answer Mendoza's Speech 360. Carolostadius Andrew disputes with Eckius at Leipzick 22. Pulls down Images at Wittemberg 52. Goes over to the Enthusiasts ibid. Writes against Luther about the Eucharist 97. Excuses himself from being engaged with the Boors ibid. Begs Luther's Protection ibid. Capnio vide Reuchlin Cajetan Tho. Card. sent by Pope Leo to the Diet at Ausburg 4. Exhorts the Princes of the Empire to defend it against Selymus the Turk ibid. Treats with Luther at Ausburg 7. Commands Stupits to treat privately with Luther 8. Exclaims against the Council of Constance in the Council of Lateran 10. Writes to Frederick complaining against Luther ibid. Publishes Leo's Bull at Lintz 12. Sends it to the Bishops of Germany ibid. Exasperated the Breach of Luther 24. Casa John Archbishop of
Beneventum the Pope's Legate at Venice 475. Writes in defence of Sodomy 477. Prince Casimir of Brandenburg raises Troops upon Charles the Fifth's Election for his Service 18. Catharinus Ambrosius writes in defence of the Pope's Supremacy against Luther 40. Catharine of Austria Wife to Henry the Eight dies 202. Catharine de Medicis Married to Henry the second of France 168. Chabot Brian Philip Admiral of France Condemned 272. Restored 277. Chamber Imperial Delegates appointed to Reform it 161. They Prosecute the Protestants with Vigour 184. They Proscribe Minden 245. Vide Imperial Chamber in I. Charles the Fourth Emperor made the Golden Bull An. 1356. 19. Charles Duke of Bourbon besieges Marseilles 76. Takes Rome 109. Blocks up the Pope in the Castle of St. Angelo Ibid. His Soldiers commit great Insolencies Ibid. Dies 110. Is attainted by the French King Ibid. Charles the Great made Emperor at Rome 150. Charles King of Spain Competitor for the Empire 13. His Answer to Prince Palatine 18. His Genealogy 19. The Conditions which were imposed upon him as his Election 20. Goes into England 25. Thence into the Low-Countries ibid. Summons the Electors to Aix la Chapelle 36. Meets them there 37. Enters the Town in state ibid. The Ceremonies of his Coronation ibid. His Oath ibid. Goes to Cologne and calls a Diet to Worms 38. Promises Luther a publick hearing at the Diet 41. Writes to Luther and gives him safe Conduct 42. Writes to the Princes against Luther 44. Proscribes him 48 49. Makes War with Francis I 50. And takes Milain ibid. Returns into Spain 51. Goes into England by the way and makes a League with Henry VIII ibid. Answers the Complaints exhibited by the free Cities against the Diet at Nuremberg 66. Complains to the Diet that the Decree of Worms was not observed 73. Chides the States and Princes for attempting to call a General Council 75. Takes King Francis Prisoner at Pavia 79. Desires that a Diet may be called at Ausburg 96. Treats a Peace with Francis 102. The Articles of Peace ibid. Writes to the Diet at Spire that the Decree at Worms should be kept 103. Marries the King of Portugal's Daughter 105. Answers Pope Clement's angry Letter 106. His Letter to the College of Cardinals 107. He answers the Confederates Proposals 109. He leaves off publick Sports when he understood that Rome was taken 109. Accuses the French King of Breach of Faith 112. Answers the French King's Challenge 115. Calls a Synod to be held at Spire ibid. Answers the Protestant Ambassadors at Piacenza 124. Confines the Protestant Ambassadors to their Lodgings 125. Calls a Diet at Augsbourg 126. Is Crowned at Rome by the Pope ibid. Makes his Entry into Augsbourg 127. Makes a Speech to the Princes of the Diet ibid. Consents at last that the Augustane Confession should be read to him 129. His Speech to the Princes 133. He threatens the Protestant Prince 134. Debates with them about a Decree 135. As also with the Deputies of particular Cities 138. Denies the Liberty which the Protestants demanded 139. Rescinds Albert of Brandenburg's Transactions with the King of Poland ibid. Calls the Electors together to choose a K. of the Romans at Cologne 142. His Reasons for choosing a King of the Romans 143. He commands the Protestants to acknowledge Ferdinand King of the Romans 148. He gives them notice of a Turkish Invasion ibid. Calls a Diet at Spire 152. Removes it to Ratisbon 155. And confirms a Peace there to all Protestants 160. Sollicites for aid against the Turks to little purpose 161. Goes to Italy 162. Writes into Germany to obey Ferdinand ibid. His Ambassador goes with the Pope's Legate to the D. of Saxony ibid. His Ambassador's Speech to the Duke 163. Stands to the determination of Ferdinand concerning the D. of Wirtemberg 174. Goes into Africa 180. Takes Goletta ibid. Restores Muley Hazem to the Kingdom of Tunis ibid. Encourages the Prosecutions of the Imperial Chamber 184. His Speech against the French King 204. Writes to the Protestants in Germany 208. Is unsuccessful in france ibid. Sends Eldo his Ambassador to Smalcald to treat with the Protestants 212. Makes a Truce with the King of France 232. Meets Francis at Aigues Mortes 239. Accommodates with the Protestants at Francfort 248. Goes through France into Flanders 252. His Answer to the Protestants Ambassadors 255. He punishes the City of Ghent for its Insurrection 262. He writes to the Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave about a Peace 263. Deniels the D. of Cleve's Petition 266. Confirms the Decree at Haguenaw 269. Invites the Protestants to meet at Wormes ibid. He dissolves the Conference at Wormes 272. Appoints Persons to conferr at Ratisbon 276. His Exhortations to them ibid. Referrs Religious Matters to a Council 282. He makes a Private Grant to the Protestants 283. Complains of the D. of Cleve ibid. Sails into Africk 285. Loses his Fleet by a Storm ibid. Writes to the Senate at Metz to allow no Change in Religion 298. His Manifesto against the French King to the Pope 300. His Answer to the Cardinals of the Mediation who were sent by the Pope 303. His Soldiers waste Juliers and take Duren ibid. Writes to the Protestants from Genoa 311. Has an Interview with the Pope 312. Refuses to Confirm Parma and Piacenza to the Pope's Son ibid. Delivers Leghorn and the Castle of Florence to Cosmo Medicis ibid. Makes his Son King of Spain ibid. Makes a League with the K. of England ibid. Answers the Protestants Ambassadors from Smalcald ibid. Refuses to make up the Business with the D. of Cleve 313. He threatens the Hildesheymers ibid. Writers to the Senate of Cologne ibid. Goes to Bonne 314. Make a prosperous War upon the Duke of Cleve 315. Restores him upon his Submission ibid. Sends to the City of Metz to renounce the Reform'd Religion 316. Goes into Guelderland 317. Makes the French yield at Landrecy ibid. Answers the Saxons and Landgrave's Letter ibid. Opens the Diet of Spire with a Speech ibid. Waves the Controversie between the D. of Brunswick and the Confederate Protestants 319. His Expedition into France 326. Makes a Pacification with the French King 327. Makes Severe Edicts against the Lutherans in the Netherlands 342. Comes to Wormes 348. His Embassadors to the K. of Poland ibid. Endeavours a Treaty of Peace with the Protestants 349. Makes a Truce with the Turk 351. Takes the Clergy of Cologne into his Protection ibid. Cites the Archbishop of Cologne ibid. Writes to the Doctors of the Conference at Ratisbon 359. Answers the Protestant Ambassadors about the Elector of Cologne 360. He goes to Spire on his way to Ratisbon 367. Treats with the Landgrave and the Elector Palatine there 368. Comes to Ratisbon 374. Opens the Diet ibid. Sends the Cardinal of Trent to Rome to sollicite for assistance 375. Makes Preparation for War ibid. Answers the Protestant Deputies 376. Writes to the Protestant Free Cities ibid. Writes to the Duke of Wirtemberg 377. He sends