IX The Government of the Viceroy D. Vasco de Gama and of the Governour D. Enrique de Meneses till the Year 1524 that of 25 in the Reign of King John the Third 279 CHAP. X. Concludes the Government of D. Enrique de Meneses in the Year 1526 King John the Third Reigning 289 TOM I. PART IV. CHAP. I. THE Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo from the Year 1526 to the Year 1527 and Reign of King John the Third 296 CHAP. II. Continues the Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo from the Year 1527 till the Year 1529 King John the Third Reigning 310 CHAP. III. The Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 to the Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 326 CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 in the Reign of King John the Third 336 CHAP. V. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna and Reign of King John the Third 361 CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1534 in the Reign of King John the Third 371 CHAP. VII Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna the same Year 1536 in the Reign of King John the Third 388 CHAP. VIII Still Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1537 till the Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 402 CHAP. IX Continues still the Government of Nuno de Cuna the same Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 415 CHAP. X. Which ends the Government of Nuno de Cuna this same Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third and concludes the First Tome 433 THE Portugues ASIA TOM I. PART I. CHAP. I. Discoveries under Prince Henry from the Year 1412. till the Year 1448. 1. LIKE an Impetuous Torrent did the Mahometans spread themselves over the Lesser Asia after the Catholick Arms had expelled them our Provinces The Christian Princes busied in destroying each other looked on their Progress without attempting to put any stop to the Current when the Kings of Portugal as the first who had shaken off themselves the Burthen of those Barbarians and the first who passed over to crush them in Africk obeying the Decrees of Heaven which required it undertook to be the first who should stop their proceedings in Asia 2. Prince Henry fifth Son of King Iohn the First accompanied his Father in the glorious taking of Ceuta which was Anno 1415. and had a considerable share in the honour of this Victory as well in regard of his Courage as Conduct it being doubtful which was most predominant in him and therefore the more to be admired for that at this time he was but in the 21th year of his Age. At his return from thence he brought so great an inclination being already most skilful in the Mathematicks to discover New Lands and Seas that he spent above 40 years in this study and vast Sums of Mony in bringing Masters from all parts and Discoverers and sending Vessels to his Discoveries Being very well read in Geography and having examined many who had travelled much of the World chiefly the Moors of Fez and Morocco he got some information of the Arabs who border on the Desarts of Africk and of the Azanagi and Kingdom of Ialof near the border of Guinea That he might more wholly apply himself to these affairs he chose for his abode the Town of Ternacabal in the Kingdom of Algarve on Cape Sagres whence the prospect of the Ocean stirred up his Hopes and Endeavours Going to Bed one night with his thoughts fixt on these Designs in the morning as if he had received some heavenly assurance of success he with all haste gave Orders for fitting out two Ships which and some other passed not beyond Cape Bojador 60 Leagues beyond Cape Nam then the Bounds of the Spanish Navigation This Cape was so called by Gilianes who first passed it because it stretches it self out so far viz. almost 40 Leagues to the Westward which in Spanish is called Bojar and thence the Cape Bojador It s running so far Westward was also the cause that none passed it before as also that off of it for about 6 Leagues runs a strong Current which breaking upon the Sands rises high and makes a great Sea This terrified all not considering that keeping off at Sea they might turn the Point The Prince encountring the greatest difficulty sent Iohn Gonzales Zarco and Tristan Vaz in a small Ship with Orders to coast along the Barbary shore till they had passed that formidable Cape discovering all the Land which according to the Opinions of Learned Men and Information of Arabs was concluded to run on till under the Equinoctial Before they reached the Coast of Africk they met with such violent Storms they doubted not being swallowed by the Waves The Weather obliged them not to follow their Orders and without knowing where they were fell in with the Island which they called Puerto Santo or Holy Haven for such it appeared to them after the Storm This is a little Island not far to the Northward of the Madera The Inhabitants they found neither well Civiliz'd nor quite Barbarous but the Soil very fertile The Prince joyful with this News and the hopes the Discoverers gave him sent them again and with them Bartholomew Perestrello with three Ships with Seeds to sow and Cattle to stock the Place They put in two Rabbets which increased in such manner in two years space that the Corn and Plants being destroyed by them it was found more convenient to unpeople than inhabit the Island 3. Perestrello returned home Iohn Gonzales and Tristan Vaz making another Voyage discovered afar off something like a Cloud and directing their Course to it found an Island covered with all manner of Trees whence they gave it the name Madera which in Spanish is Wood. This Island for Extent pleasant Air and Plenty is the chief in that Western Ocean Each Discoverer entred a different part of the Island and each had a Grant of that Part from the Prince with the Title of Captain Tristan gave his name to that Point where he landed and Iohn Gonzales took to himself the Title of Camara de Lobos or Den of Wolves because of a Cave he found at landing which seemed to be the habitation of those Beasts The Prince gave the Island of Puerto Santo to Perestrello to people which proved in vain by reason of the vast multitude of Rabbets The Discoverers of Madera began to settle their Plantation by firing part of that Wood that filled the Island and the Flame took such possession that it burnt seven years continually and was seen far off in Smoak and Sparks like Mount Aetna so that afterwards the Island being plentiful of Grain the greatest want the Inhabitants suffered was of Wood there having been nothing else in it before There were Churches built and now there is a Cathedral King Duarte Brother to
the Prince gave him the Island and afterwards the Spiritualities thereof to the Military Order of Christ. 4. The Prince had spent twelve years endeavouring the discovery of Guinea and was now much encouraged by the discovery of these two Islands though many condemned his undertakings objecting That the Land he looked for was only Deserts like those of Libia that if any reached those Parts they would turn black that King Iohn his Father had invited Strangers to plant in Portugal so far from sending out people of which the Country was in want that God had appointed those Countries for the habitation of Wild Beasts which might appear by that they were expelled that new Island by the Rabbets All this time the Prince's undertakings were not only censured but almost fruitless till he sent Galianez in a Barque who passed that till then Invincible Cape Boxador which action was then in the common Opinion looked upon not inferior to the labours of Hercules 5. Gilianes returned in his Barque with Alonso Gonzales Balday in a bigger Vessel than the former and passed 30 Leagues beyond the Cape where landing they saw a great track of Men and Camels Without any further knowledge they returned home giving the name of Angra de Ruyvos to that Bay in English Bay of Gurnets because they found there great quantity of that Fish The next year the Design was continued and they passed twelve Leagues farther Here putting ashore two Men on Horseback who going on till the Afternoon saw nineteen Men with Javelins who fled and were pursued and some wounded and one of the Portugueses the first Blood spilt in those Parts Baldaya having notice thereof went ashore but in vain for the Moors fled in the Cave where the Moors had been were found some things of inconsiderable value but esteemed as an Omen of greater advantages They run on twelve Leagues farther where at the Mouth of a River they saw so many Sea-Wolves they judged them to be 5000 they killed many and brought the Skins which being a novelty were then had in esteem Going farther into the Land they found Fishing Nets drying but no People and their Provisions being spent they were obliged to return to their Prince without any further progress 6. Antony Gonzales was sent back to the place of the Sea-Wolves with orders to load his Vessel with their Skins One night he went up the Country eight Leagues with ten Men and spying a naked Man with two Darts in his hand driving a Camel he came up and took him the Man with the fright neither defending himself nor endeavouring to escape In his return he met a company of forty Moors and one Woman whom they also took in their sight without resistance these were the first taken on that Coast. Returning aboard they found another Ship was arrived there from Portugal under Command of Nunno Tristan with this addition of strength they went ashore again and met people at night and being so close that they lost the use of their Weapons clasped each other in Arms and knew not whom they held but by being naked and cloathed and the strangeness of the Language they killed three and returned to their Ships with ten Prisoners This Place they called Puerto del Cavallero or the Knights Port Antony Gonzales being there knighted by Nunno Tristan An Arab that was on board understood these Moors him and the Woman they put ashore to perswade the Inhabitants to redeem the Prisoners Next day appeared about 150 some on Camels some on Horseback provoking our Men to Land but finding they did not discharged a Volley of Stones at them and went off Antony Gonzales returned to Portugal with some Slaves Tristan having first careen'd coasted on as far as Cabo Blanco or White Cape where though he saw the track of People meeting none he returned home 7. Antony Gonzales returns carrying with him the chief of the Moors he had brought he promising to give seven Guinea Slaves for his ransom but once ashore forgot his promise yet giving notice in the Country others came to redeem the two Young Men that were Prisoners giving for them ten Blacks of several Countries and a considerable quantity of Gold Dust which was the first brought from those parts Therefore a Rivulet that runs up about six Leagues was called Rio del Oro or River of Gold This and a Shield of Buck-skin and some Ostriches Eggs they brought home all men admiring the colour of the Slaves The Gold stirred up covetous desires and encouraged Nunno Tristan to undertake again the Voyage and passing farther discovered the Island Adeget one of those of Arguim and saw twenty Almadies or Boats passing over from the Continent four men in each sitting in such manner that they rowed with their Legs Tristan launching his Boat with seven men chased them and brought fourteen aboard and going back for the rest they had reached the Island Hence they went over to another Island which they called De las Garcas or Island of Hauks because of the vast numbers they saw there and took some 8. The Profit encreasing the desire of it also encreased Some came from several parts to Portugal to admire those Rarities the Natives brought Lancelot the Prince's Servant Galianes who first passed Cape Bojador Stephen Alonso Roderick Alvarez and Iohn Diaz erected a Company in the Town of Lagos paying an acknowledgment to the Prince they asked leave to pursue these discoveries and set out with six Caravels whereof the first was Commander in chief arriving at the Island de las Garzas Martin Vincent and Giles Vasquez with each fourteen Souldiers in their Boats went over to the Island Nar where falling upon a Town they killed many and brought away 155 Prisoners all Moors The Captain Lancelot desiring to do the like attacked Tider and other Islands where he took above forty Prisoners which he presented to the Prince and was well rewarded 9. Gonzalo de Cintra set out with one Ship and coming to the Island Arguim run up a Creek at night intending to go ashore but the Tide ebbing he stuck and in the morning 200 Moors coming upon him he was killed with seven of his company These were the first Portugueses killed in these Attempts and from the Captain that place took name being called Angra de Gonçalo de Cintra fourteen Leagues beyond Rio del Oro. Antony Gonzales Iames Alonso and Gomez Perez set out in three Caravels bound for that River with orders to treat of the conversion of these Barbarians of Peace and Trade The Proposals were not received and they returned bringing back one of the People of the Continent who came voluntarily to see our Country and one of ours called Iohn Fernandez remained there with the same design Next Nunno Tristan made another Voyage and brought twenty Slaves from a neighbouring Village Dinis Fernandez in another Vessel passing the Mouth of the River Sanaga which divides the Azanagi from
Ialof took four Blacks who were fishing in an Almadie or Boat Sailing forward he discovered the famous Cabo Verde and returned satisfied with this exploit and having killed a great many Goats in an Island 10. Antony Gonzales Garcia Mendez and Iames Alonso though separated by a Storm met again in the Islands of Arguim Falling upon a Village they took 25 Moors they flying he that ran best took most as Laurence Diaz who took seven whilst others took but one and some none They called this Point Cabo del Resoate or Cape of Ransom because some Blacks were ransomed there The joy was the more for that they found Iohn Fernandez who was left there the last Voyage he was fat and in health though rough like the Inhabitants He told them that the Country being all plane and open they often lost their way and therefore were guided as at Sea by the Stars the Winds and by Birds That the Inhabitants lived miserably feeding on a certain Grain which the Earth produces without tilling on some Herbs Lizards and Locusts all scorched in the Sun which is predominant that place lying under the Tropick of Cancer That they used much Milk not only as Meat but Drink by reason of the scarcity of Water and therefore when they eat any Meat they never kill the Female because of the Milk those near the Sea eat some Fish When they were acquainted with our People and they gave them Corn they eat it whole The Land is Barren being all Sand bears a few Palm and Wild Fig-trees they have no Houses but Tents their Cloaths are Skins and the better and neater sort wear Alhaiques which is not unlike our Crape and the best some better sort of Cloath but none good their Employment is the care of Cattle their Language and Writings the same with those of the Coasts of Barbary with only about as much difference as is between the Castillians and those of Gallicia they have no King and live by Hords or Companies Returning home with this Account of Iohn Fernandez at Cabo Blanco they killed some Moors and took 55. 11. Dinisianez da Gram Alvaro Gil and Mafaldo de Setubal with each a Caravel landed in the Island Arguim where they took seven Moors and by the help of them forty seven afterwards They ran along the Coast of the Continent eighty Leagues and at several times took fifty Slaves losing seven Portugueses whose Boat being left dry by the Ebb in the Island de las Garzas they were all killed Lancelot who once before had commanded a small Fleet sailed from Lagos again towards Arguim as Admiral of fourteen Vessels At the same time set out from Madera Alvaro and Dinis Fernandez and Iohn de Castilla and others who all together with the former fourteen made up twenty seven Sail Nine of the fourteen of Lagos came to Arguim where Dinisianez was who persuaded them to destroy the Island in revenge of the seven that had been killed but the Moors understanding the danger fled so that only twelve were found whereof only four could be taken the rest killed as also one of our men Alvaro de Freytas returned with his three Ships Lancelot with his sailed to the Island Tider landed and finding no People returned aboard where seeing some Moors from the Shoar jearing our men because they could not find them two of our men were so provoked that they leaped into the Water with their Arms and swam to shoar to the Moors who ran down to receive them Others of our men seeing the danger those two were in leaped after them and on the shoar was a sharp skirmish many of the Moors were killed and sixty taken This done Suero da Costa and three more returned home In a Village at Cape Blanco they took nine Moors among them a Woman who promising a great Ransom deceived Suero for at the Island Tider the bold Woman who could swim very well leaped over-board and gained her liberty by swimming ashoar Lancelot and others unwilling to return without some Loading as light as they came out designed to sail to Zahara of the Azanagi and Guinea but after some small attempts resolved for the Island of Palma They touched at Gomera and were received by two Commanders Piste and Brucho in acknowledgment of some kindness they had received from Prince Henry They discovered to them the design and taking them along landed in Palma all they got was seventeen Prisoners but among them was a very large Morish Woman who was said to be Queen of part of that Island They returned to Gomera and Iohn de Castilla dissatisfied with the small Prize base and ingratefully carried away Captives about twenty Islanders who were his Friends and had assisted him Which wrong the Prince amended by sending them back well cloathed 12. Gomera and Palma are of the number of the Canary Islands The Canaries were discovered for King Henry the Third of Spain by Iohn de Betancour a Frenchman among them he conquered those called Lancarote Fuerteventura and Ferro In them he left Masiot de Betancour his Nephew who conquered Gomera and exchanging them with Prince Henry for some Land in Madera he went and lived there And because the Islands being twelve in number there remained eight not conquered viz. Gran Canaria Palma Graciosa Infierno Alegranca Santa Clara Roche and Lobos the Prince sent a Fleet in which were 2500 Foot and 120 Lances commanded by Don Fernando de Castro who landing there converted many Infidels But there being complaints made from Spain to whom that Conquest appertained it was given over Afterwards King Henry the Fourth of Portugal gave them to D. Martin de Ataide Count of Atonguia And lastly in the Treaty between Alfonso of Portugal and Ferdinand of Castile it was agreed they belonged to Castile The Inhabitants of these Islands were governed by a certain number of Persons they varied in their Worship in Fight they used no Weapons but Sticks and Stones their Cloathing upwards was Skins the lower part a covering made of Palm-leaves of divers Colours they took off their Beard with sharp Stones their Governours had the Maidenheads of all Women that married they feasted their Guests with them at their visits the Children sucked Goats their common food Wheat and Barley Milk Herbs Mice Lizards and Snakes 13. Lancelot being homeward bound discovered the River Ovedec which he called Sanaga because a Black of that name was released there It was then believed to be one of the Branches of Nile because they were informed it ran far to the Eastward Stephen Alonso in a small Boat went up the River and took two Blacks with considerable opposition made by their Father Roderick Anez and Dinis Diaz were here separated from the rest by a great Storm and arrived in Portugal Lancelot steering toward Cape Verde went ashore upon an Island where he found nothing but Goats and these words cut on the Bark of a Tree TALENT DE BIEN FAIRE This was
found in him such an affection to our People and Religion that he sent with him to Portugal some Sons of his Chief Men desiring they should be baptized and being made Christians returned and with them Ministers to instruct them in the Faith They were baptized at Beja where the King and Queen were Godfather and Godmother to the chief of them and he called D. Iohn his Heathen Name being Zacuta the same was done by the Nobility with the others whose Names and Sirnames they took Betwixt the Fort of St. George and Congo is the Kingdom of Benin The King hereof covetous of the advantages he saw others reap by our Trade feigned he would be converted and desired Priests for his instruction but they being sent the design was discovered and so the effect ceased but not the covetousness for those Heathens bought Christned Slaves and we with the same avarice sold them after being baptized knowing their new Masters would again make them fall into Idolatry This lasted till the Religious King Iohn the Third forbid it though to his great loss but God who gives an hundred for one to requite him ordered that another Gold Mine should be discovered below that of St. George whence much more was gathered without a Crime than had been before by that so scandalous a Trafick 4. King Iohn was informed by the Benin Embassador who came to desire the Priests should be sent them that 250 Leagues beyond them was the most powerful Prince of all those Countries called Ogane by whom the Kings of Benin for their security were confirmed receiving of him a Staff with a Head and a Cross like that of Malta all of Brass curiously wrought An Embassador went with Rich Presents to solicit these Ensigns of Royalty who never saw Ogane because he speaks from behind Curtains but at their departure shews a Foot in token that he grants their Request Our King imagined this Prince might be he that is vulgarly called Prester Iohn by comparing these Formalities with what he had heard reported of him He fitted out three Ships commanded by Bartholomew Dias he set up a Cross in 24 degrees of South Latitude 120 Leagues beyond the other Discoverers in Sierra Parda He sailed in sight of the Bay they called de los Vaqueros or of Herdsmen because of the many Cows they saw there beyond this they touched at the small Island Santa Cruz or Holy Cross so called from one he set up 25 Leagues farther they came into the mouth of a River which they called del Infante the Sirname of the second Captain who was the first that saw it Being about returning they discovered that so many Ages unknown Promontory which they called Tormentoso or Stormy because of a great Tempest they met with there but our King gave it the name of Cabo de Buena Esperança or Cape of Good Hope for the great hopes it gave of discovering the Indies There was set up the Cross St. Philip. The two first Ships coasting along met the third with only three men aboard having lost it nine Months before with nine Men in it then With meer joy of seeing the others a strange but not unheard of death one of the three died the other six had been killed by the Blacks With various fortune observing the discovered Country they arrived in their own the extent of Land till then found out being 750 Leagues 5. Whilst these Discoverers conquered the difficulties of the Seas Peter de Covillam and Alfonso de Payva travelled by Land who came first to Naples then to Rodes to Alexandria Grand Cair then with a Caravan of Moors to Toro on the Coasts of Arabia Here they parted Payva towards India and Covillam for Aethiopia having appointed a time when to meet again at Grand Cair Covillam went to Cananor Calecut and Goa famous Cities in the East passed thence to Zofala in Aethiopia then to Aden at the Mouth of the Red Sea on the side of Arabia and at last to Grand Cair where he found his Companion had died After these had been sent out two Jews Rabbi Abraham of Beja and Ioseph of Lamego Covillam sent back the latter to inform the King of his success with the other he embarqued for Ormuz where having observed what was most remarkable he left the Jew to follow the Caravans of Aleppo and returning to the Red Sea came to discover the Court of Prester Iohn who detained him there as a Spie But while he was detained travelled from Rome Luke Mark an Aethiopian Priest sent by Prester Iohn to our King This Priest's information revived the Kings hopes and desires and he was sent back with an Account of what means had been used to settle a Correspondence and Projects for the perfecting of it 6. Before Luke Mark parted from Portugal was arrived Bemoi Prince of Ialof He came with State and was received accordingly being conducted to Court by Don Francisco Coutinno Count of Marialva His strangeness did not cause so much admiration as he conceived of the Majesty and Grandeur with which the King received him under his Royal Canopy This was the cause of his coming Biran who reigned in Ialof giving himself up to all manner of Vice resigned the Kingdom to his Brother Bemoi with the reputation of delivering it to a Person in all respects worthy of the Royal-dignity But Cibitah the elder Brother envious of Bemoi's happiness kills Biran and seizing the Government makes War upon Bemoi who with the assistance of Gonzalo Coello sent by King Iohn made some resistance This relief was sent him by reason of the hopes he gave of receiving the Faith But it being suspected he only designed to make use of the Portugues assistance the Captain was ordered to leave him which was a great grief to Bemoi He gave such excuses for not being presently baptized as seemed sufficient and losing soon after a Battle he went to Portugal to seek a more favourable turn of Fortune 7. It was no small part of his Fortune to be received by so great a Prince but above all to the hopes of Eternal Happiness being soon after baptized by the name of Iohn which he took from the King who was Godfather Next day he gave him Arms Purpure a Cross Or within an Orle of Portugal He in return did homage to the King for all the Lands he should be possessed of Twenty four Gentlemen of his Retinue were baptized with him There was great rejoycing our People shewing their grandeur in such divertisements as were most in use then and Bemoi with his Retinue giving a view of their Activity in Riding Alighting and Mounting upon a Speed standing upright on the Saddle Galloping and some in their Career took up Stones off the Ground and much more worthy admiration The King furnished him with twenty Caravels well manned and armed as well to forward his Restoration as to build a Fort on the River Zanaga 8. The Province of Ialof lies between
that he might not see his Prince's Colours dragged and ours flying and among them Six hundred Prisoners in Chains In the Front the Cannon and all other sorts of Arms in Carts very delightful to behold The Governour walked upon Leaves of Gold and Silver and rich Silks The Ladies from the Windows sprinckled him with sweet Water and threw Flowers on him Our Queen Catherine hearing the Relation of his Victory and Triumph said D. John had Overcome like a Christian and Triumphed like a Heathen CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of D. John de Castro and Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. SCarce was the Triumph over when the Governour sent Iames de Almeyda Freyre with One hundred and twenty Horse Eight hundred Foot and a Thousand Indians to drive out of the Lands of Salsete and Bardes some Troops sent to Hidalcan to possess themselves of them because the Conditions upon which he delivered them were not performed The Enemy appeared at Cowlij to the number of Four thousand who fled at the News of our approach So the Lands were recovered without drawing Sword Hidalcan sent the same Troops again with Nine thousand more and a Company of Renegado Portugueses Commanded by Gonzalo Vaz Coutino who flying the punishment of his Crimes defended himself by committing greater Iames de Almeyda marched again with the same Force as before but being too weak was forced to quit what before he had regained The Governour marched in Person with Three thousand Men in five Batalions Francis de Melo joyned them with about Fifteen hundred The Enemy hearing of it though so numerous retired to the Fort of Ponda Our Army followed and D. Alvaro de Castro who led the Van took a Ford defended by Two thousand Musqueteers The other twelve or thirteen Thousand were drawn up in good Order about the Fort but fled after receiving our first Fire leaving the Fort so clear it appeared they had no design to maintain it 2. The Victor never wants Friends Cidoça King of Canara sent to Congratulate D. Iohn de Castro upon this Victory He proposed a New League with Portugal which was concluded upon Honourable Terms as always happen to those who are sent to This Kingdom of Charnataca corruptly Canara had no Sovereign Prince till the Year of Grace 1200. It began then in Boca a Shepherd who stiled himself Rao that is Emperour a Title that contiued in all his Successors This King as a Memorial of the Defeat given to the King of Delij built the famous City Visajanagar corruptly also called Bisnagar The Crown continued in his Line till usurped by Narsinga from whom this Kingdom took that Name as also that of Bisnagar from the City Afterwards King Melique sent also to ratifie and confirm the Peace with us rather through Hatred to him was defeated than Love to the Conquerours 3. D. George de Meneses who was left in the Sea of Cambaya with six Ships was informed that Madremaluco Son-in-Law to Coje Zofar and Lord of Baroche was gone from thence with all the Garrison Baroche is a City seated in the highest part of those Plains encompassed with a strong Wall very populous and well built Meneses marched by Night and at Break of Day had entred the Houses killing many asleep and the others as they awaked Such as escaped with the Fright they knew not whither they ran leaving Wives and Children behind only to save their own Lives The City could not be maintained and therefore was plundered and burnt and the Cannon that could not be carried Aboard were burst To D. George's Sirname was added that of Baroche 4. The Governour was informed the King of Cambaya would come upon Diu with a greater Power than before and with all diligence prepared to relieve it The City of Goa advanced Mony for this Enterprize and the Women again sent him their Jewels by their little Daughters complaining he had not made use of them the last time and desiring he would now But he sent them back with Presents The Fleet consisted of 160 Sail. 5. They sailed to Baçaim and thence to Suratt where D. Alvaro who set out eight days before had taken a Work killed some Moors and got Cannon Next they entred the Port of Baroche whence they discovered the King of Cambaya covering the Plain with 150000 Men and 80 Cannon in the Front the Army made a Semicircle and covered a League of Ground D. Iohn boldly leaped ashoar not only to shew he feared him not but with design to fight him The most Experienced Officers dissuaded him representing it was a rashness for 3000 to attack 150000 that it was enough that he had Landed and drawn off with as much leisure as if Victorious He was forced against his Will to submit to the Advice of his Elders He went on to Diu and giving the Command of that Fort to Luis Falcam because D. Iohn Mascarenas was returning to Portugal he run like an inundation along the Coast of Por and Mongalor The beautiful and strong Cities of Pate and Patane were abandoned by the Inhabitants and by us destroyed near Two hundred Vessels burnt in their Ports and a rich Booty taken The same hapned to Dabul but with some opposition This was done in revenge for Hidalcan's ravaging the Lands of Salsete and Bardes 6. Calabatecan his General had lately possessed those Lands with Twenty thousand Men. The Governour went to meet them with Fifteen hundred Horse and Four thousand Foot but the Enemy scarce heard them when they fled to the Mountains of Cowlij leaving their Tents and Baggage for haste Our Army rested and at Break of Day marched to give a good Morrow to Calabatecan who slept not but came down with Two thousand Horse to maintain the Ford. But Almeyda passing with a few Horse struck him down with his Lance yet he rising nimbly had killed our Captain with his Cimiter had not his Page again cast him down with a stroak of a Lance. He again rose and was again beat down by Almeyda and cut to pieces His Arms Horse and Furniture were of such value that the share of George Madera one of those that killed him being the Cimiter Dagger Chain and Rings were worth Eight thousand Crowns The Moors and Christians fell to it desperately but the former knowing their General was killed soon fled losing almost Three thousand Men. 7. Soon after the Governour marched to the Coast where he left neither Town Wood nor Flock or Herd of Cattle that could be seen but what he destroyed with Fire and Sword He was so pleased with this Success that he entred Goa in manner of Triumph giving the best share of it to his Son D. Alvaro These were rather demonstrations of Joy than Triumphs if otherwise the Triumphs were too many 8. Sometime before F. Antony del Padron the first Commissary of St. Francis in India with some Companions had entred into the Island Ceylon and Preaching had wrought no small effect along the Coast.
the Door they would not restore it When a Portugues passing by told him Leave off for in that House they love Hens If it were Adem they would soon part with it but not a Hen. Now in Portugues by a Hen they signifie a Coward as well as the Fowl and the word Adem signifies a Duck and was the name of the place he quitted D. Alvaro finding the posture of Affairs so changed desisted from the Enterprize 5. He had Orders as soon as he concluded at Adem to go to Caxem that first being laid aside he went to the second The King of Caxem impatiently expected his assistance against the Turks who had taken his Castle of Xael They assaulted it and those within being only Thirty offered to surrender upon Honourable Terms The Portugueses against the Inclination of the King and D. Alvaro refused to give any Conditions and wrongfully detained them that came to Treat Pride and Injustice seldom go unpunished The Portugueses attack the Fort and the Besieged turning their Submission into Rage died couragiously killing Five hundred Portugueses The rest returned in Triumph to Goa which was no ways grateful to the Governour and 't is thought the Cowardize at Adem and Rashness at Xael were two great Causes that carried him to his Grave for all he endeavoured to dissemble it 6. The News of the Victory at Diu being brought this Year to Lisbon the King resolved to send a greater Fleet than usual to India and to Honour D. Iohn with unusual Favours for they were the first that any Governour of India received from his Prince for good Service performed The Fleet consisted of seventeen Sail. D. Iohn had the Government continued to him with the Title of Vice-Roy a Present of Mony and his Son D. Alvaro made Admiral of the Indian Seas 7. D. Iohn was almost dead when these Bounties reached him and he died of a Disease that nowadays kills no man though it did formerly for even Diseases dye It was grief for the miserable estate India was reduced to without any means of redressing it and the Actions of some Gentlemen among them that of his Son at Xael He publickly begged pardon of many for Writing against them to the King that it may appear even Great Spirits purchase Favour by mean Whispers 8. D. Iohn find ing himself unable to manage the Government appointed a Council of select Persons to supply his place And when he saw there was no hopes of Life he called them before him and some others and said Though he neither hoped nor desired to live yet while he continued in that condition something must be spent That he had nothing and desired that they would order something out of the King's Revenue that he might not dye for want Then he ordered a Mass-Book to be brought and laying his hand upon it his Eyes lifted up to Heaven swore That he had no way made use of the Kings or any other mans Mony That he had not drove any Trade to increase his own Stock and desired that this Act of his might be Recorded Soon after he gave up the Ghost in the Arms of St. Francis Xaverius on the 6th of Iune in the 48th year of his Age having Governed two Years and eight Months In his private Cabinet was found a Bloody Discipline and three Royals which was all his Treasure 9. He was buried in the Church of Saint Francis In the Year 1576 his Body was brought to Portugal and laid in the Church of Bemfica of the Dominicans on a Hill not far from Lisbon He is painted Crowned with Palm-branches and cloathed in Red. He was a great Latinist and well skilled in Mathematicks Being desirous to know why the Red-Sea appears of that Colour he made Men Dive to the bottom and bring up what they found whereof he writ a Treatise 10. D. Iohn Governed without suffering himself to be over-ruled by Pride as others did before and after him He asked nothing for himself as a Superiour what the Necessities of the Government required he asked as an Equal He valued Men according to Merit not Fancy He so much loved every one should look like what he was that seeing a fine Suit of Cloaths as he passed by a Taylors and being told it was his Sons he cut it in pieces saying Bid that young man provide Arms. He was the 14th in the number of Governours and may be accounted the 4th Vice-Roy and first of the Name 11. It is fit something should be said of this Great Man's descent and first Actions He was born the Year 1500 and was Son of Alvaro de Castro Governour of the Chancery and of D. Leonor de Noronha Daughter of D. Iohn de Almeyda Count of Abrantes In his Youth he served in Tangier and returning home had a Commendary valued at 500 Ducats a year conferred on him which was all a man of his Birth and Merits was ever worth In those days the Revenues were small and Men great afterwards the Revenues grew great and the Men little A Great Soul then did much with a little now they do nothing with a great deal The Year 1505 when D. Francis de Almeyda went first Vice Roy of India his Salary was but 15000 Royals a year D. Constantine fifty years after because he was of the Blood Royal had 40000. Now they have 100000. See who performed the greatest Exploits in that Post. 12. He served afterwards under the Emperour CHARLES the Fifth in the Expedition of Tuniz and refused his part of a Present in Mony that Prince made to the Portugues Officers saying He served the King of Portugal and of him expected his Reward After this he commanded a Fleet upon the Coast and was sent with another to the Relief of Ceuta which joyning with that of Spain the Spaniard hearing the Moors were drawing near would draw off to Consult concerning the manner of giving Battle but D. Iohn refused to stir The Moors not knowing the Fleets were parted retired and D. Iohn remained with the Honour of this Action 13. When the Vice-Roy D. Garcia de Noronha went to India D. Iohn was Captain of one of his Ships Being ready to go aboard the King sent him a Grant of the Command of Ormuz and 1000 Ducats a year â—…ll he was in possession of it The last he â—…ccepted because he was poor and refused â—…e first saying He had not yet deserved it â—…e went to Suez with D. Stephen de Gama â—…nd up to Mount Sinai where his Son 〈◊〉 Alvaro was Knighted Being returned to â—…ortugal he lived retired in a Country-â—…ouse he built near Cintra giving himself altogether to his Studies Thence he was called by the Advice of the Infante D. Luis and sent Governour to India CHAP. VI. The Government of Garcia de Sá from the Year 1548 till the Year 1549 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. THE first Patent of Succession being opened named D. Iohn Mascarenhas who after the long Siege of
Lopez desiring he would make Peace with those People that had fled to his Protection He asked nothing in behalf of the Town because they were all Christians and because there was a Prophecy among them foretelling the coming of foreign Christians to settle a correspondence with them which he seeing the Christian colours looked upon to be fulfilled Iames Lopez returned a courteous answer and stood in to the shoar where some Christians came abroad to him They told him their Prince Prester Iohn had some years since sent an Embassadour whose name was Matthew to a King of the end of the World whose Fleet then conquered India to inform him of those remote Christians and demand succour against the Moors but that he never returned Sequeyra hearing this was convinced those Men dealt ingenuously because he brought that Embassadour with him and had orders from King Emanuel to land him safe in his Prince's Dominions The Embassadour was placed before them who received him with great respect and joy which was no less in him for being restored to his Country after ten years absence Next day came ten Religious Men from the neighbouring convent of the Vision with the same gladness to see him they were received by the Priests of the Fleet in their Surplices There were great demonstrations of Joy for the Union of two so distant Nations agreeing in the same Faith and the fruit of this meeting was that those who from the beginning had not acknowledged the Supremacy of the Roman Church now submitted to it CHAP. IV. A continuation of the Government of James Lopez de Sequeyra from the Year 1520 till the Year 1521 and reign of King Emanuel 1. THE Kingdom of Prester Iohn now discovered is most known by this name though improper and is properly called the Kingdom of Abassia or Empire of the higher Aethiopia It was so called from that great Iovarus corruptly Prester Iohn who came to it from the Christians of Tartary with a Cross before him like our Bishops And this King carried a Cross in his hand with the Title of Defender of the Faith as being a Iacobite Christian. The Dominions of this Prince lye between the Rivers Nile Astabora and Astapus On the East it runs along the Red-Sea 120 Leagues this being the least side which in all contain 670 Leagues On the West it borders on those Blacks who possess the great Mines of Gold for which they pay him Tribute On the North divided from the Moors by a Line drawn from the City Suanquem to the Island Meroe or Noba On the South it borders on the Kingdom Adea from whose mountains falls the River Obi that loses it self in the Sea at the Town of Quilmance in the Kingdom of Melinde 2. The Kings of Abassia pretend to be descended from Solomon and the Queen of Saba she being delivered on the way called the Child Meilech and sent him to his Father to be by him declared King of Ethiopia who when he anointed gave him the name of David his Grandfather He ordered his Houshold and gave him Officers of his own and for High-Priest Azaria the Son of Sadoc who stole the Tables of the Law out of the Temple and carried them with his new Prince They affirm that the Descendants of those same Officers still possess the same Employs They had knowledge of the Law of Christ by the means of Queen Candace in whom they glory as being of their Country But their true Apostles were S. Philip and S. Matthew The King in memory of his Descent begins his many Titles thus David beloved of God Pillar of the Faith of Kin to the Stock of Iuda Grandson of David Son of Solomon Son of the Pillar of Sion Son of the Progeny of Iacob Son of the Hand of Mary c. Emperor of the great and high Ethiopia c. The People are very religious have many Churches and many Monasteries of only two Religious Orders the one of S. Anthony the other the Canon Regulars They have no considerable Towns little practice of Learning no skill in Mechanicks and so are very rude in their Diet and Cloathing In such Houses as use more Grandeur all the Furniture is of other Countries There are as expert Thieves among them as our Gypsies in Europe The Religious Men who live in Convents wear long Habits of Cotton the others and their Priests and Nuns Skins which does not cover as much as Modesty requires Their Prince for the most part lives in the Field in a populous City of Tents often removing In his Messages he uses that style of Portugal I the King greet you This was what our Discoverers could then gather let others say what is since found and what Alterations have happened 3. Now came the Barnagax or Governor of that Province having received the News of the arrival of Matthew the Embassador and our Fleet. He appeared on the Shoar with two hundred Horse and two thousand Foot After some difference about the place for him and Iames Lopez to meet they met on the Edge of the Water and were seated on Chairs upon the Sand which then burnt with the heat of the Sun there Matthew the Embassador was delivered and with him D. Rodrigo de Lima sent Embassador by King Emanuel to Prester Iohn There they treated of building a Fort either on the Island Camaran or that of Maçua against the Moors Lastly they both swore the Sincerity of this Agreement on a Cross and after they parted sent some Presents on both parts D. Rodrigo de Lima set forward on his Journey without Matthew who soon after died in the Monastery of the Vision which he had earnestly desired to reach Iames Lopez erected a great Cross in that Port in memory of the arrival there of our Fleet and caused many Masses to be said in the Mosque of Maçua Hence he went to the neigbouring Island of Dalaca and having burnt the City deserted by its Inhabitants stood over to the Coast of Arabia One Galley and most of the Men were cast away by bad Weather and he came to an Anchor at Calayate where he found George de Albuquerque who waited his coming and going on to Mascate left him to winter there with the Ships and he went on with the Gallies to Ormuz 4. Whilst our Governor was in the Red Sea Chrisnarao King of Bisnagar covered the Hills and Plains and drank up Rivers with an Army of thirty five thousand Horse and seven hundred thirty three thousand Foot five hundred eighty six Elephants loaded with Castles in each of which were four Men and twelve thousand Water-carriers to supply all parts that the Men might not dispeâ—…se to seek it The Baggage was numberless and there were above twenty thousand common Women He led all this power to take the City Rachol belonging of right to his Ancestors who still left the Recovery of it as a Charge to their Successors and was possessed by Hidalcan with whom to this effect he waged
dispute 10. The time being come they must return to Siranagar the King would not permit them to depart till they swore they would return and then he promised they should have liberty to Preach and he would build them a Church being much pleased with a Picture they left him of our Lady with our Saviour sleeping in her Arms. The Fathers returned acccording to promise and the King in pursuance of his built the Church with great joy and was afterwards Baptized with the Queen notwithstanding the Lama's for their private Ends did all they could to oppose it The Fathers understood by Merchants who came from China that it was 60 Days Journey distant from that Court travelling through the Kingdom of Usanguâ—… 40 Days Journey from the same Court and thence 20 to China That there were two great Kingdoms where the Cross was much used That Cathay is not a Kingdom but a great City and Metropolis of a Province subject to the Grand Sopo very near China Hence perhaps some gave China the name of Cathay Perhaps this Empire of Tibet is that of Prester Iohn so much spoken of and not Ethiopia as was believed But let us return to India 11. In April 4. Malabar Parao's took a Portugues Ship carrying the Men into slavery under Arcolo a King of the Country opposite to the Place where the famous Fort of Cunnale once stood Among the Prisoners were two Franciscans one whereof proved so acceptable to the King that he was the cause of settling a firm Peace between him and the Viceroy 12. Two Ships arrived from Lisbon which returning home the next Year were lost with the whole Portugues Fleet upon the Coast of France in a terrible Storm and was the greatest Loss Portugal sustained since the time of King Sebastian 13. There being nothing remarkable this Year in India let us see what the Carmelites did in Persia where they got footing in the Year 1604. They soon erected several Convents and confirmed the Armenians who were in danger of falling from the Faith terrified with the Persecution raised by the King of Persia. F. Basil of St. Francis was very successful among those called of Saint Iohn about Bassora In the short space of six Months he Preached in the difficult Persian Arabian and Turkish Languages as if he had part of the gift of Languages peculiar to the Apostles and gained such Reputation that many neighbouring Princes permitted him to Preach and build Churches in their Dominions 14. F. Iohn Thadeus and F. Peter of Saint Thomas went to the City Xiras being sent for by the Sultan thereof where they converted some Mahometans others gave them their Doubts in Writing to be sent to Rome assuring if they were satisfied in those Points there would be no need of Preaching to convert them Veâ—…taviet Moses an Armenian Bishop acknowledged his Error in denying the Supremacy of the Church of Rome and promised to perswade all her Diocess to acknowledge it In fine these Fathers have laboured with great Profit and Success 15. Three Ships sailed this Year from Lisbon to India one of them at his return on this side the Cape Good Hope fought twice with three Dutch Ships and came off with Honour 16. Nunno Alvarez Botello sailing with his Galleons for Mascate there arose such a terrible Storm that it parted all his Company from him and he had much difficulty to perswade his Men in despair to work The Tempest ceasing their Provisions fell snort there was but one Pipe of Water for 500 Men and no Land near where they might be supplied Some died with Thirst others running mad leaped over-board After a Fortnight spent in this miserable Condition they discovered the Land of Rozalgatâ—… always fatal to the Portugueses The Men cried to go ashore but Nunno with fair words and kindness disswaded them and coming to Teve they were relieved without danger 17. Off Surat Nunno discovered six Dutch Ships he gave them câ—…ace but lost them He sailed to Bombaim to refit a Galleon and thence to the Bar of Diu. An English and Dutch Squadron both consisting of 17 Sail sailed to Bombaim thinking to find him there They battered the Fort and mâ—…ting no Opposition burnt the poor Towns along the Coast. A Dutch Captain entring the Church of Our Lady of Hope with his Sword cut to pieces a great Crucifix and burnt part of it He had soon after the Reward of this Barbarity his Ship being burnt by Ruy Freyre and he with all the Men slain Nunno hearing of this Action begged the Crucifix of the Rector vowing to carry it always with him till he had revenged the Wrong or died in the Execution of it So it fell out as will be seen hereafter 18. The King of Achem fitted out a Fleet of 35 Galleys against Malaca D. Francis Coutinno with 16. Sail burnt 34 of them killing or taking 3000 Men and bringing off 800 pieces of Cannon 19. On the 17th of Iune 4 Dutch Ships came before the Port of Macao designing to fall upon the Fleet was ready to sail for Iapan The King's Revenue being low our Commander could act nothing against them some rich Men undertook it in Merchant Ships They fitted out five and boarding the Enemy's Admiral burnt her killing 37 Men taking 50 24 pieces of Cannon a quantity of Ball some Money and much Provisions The other 3 fled 20. Ferdinand de Sousa commanded at Angola and after defending it against two Dutch Squadrons fortified the Coast the space of half a League raising 4 Works planted with Cannon and cast up a Trench at the Bar of Corimba which secured it against any attempt Zinga Queen of Angola went with a great Power to Besiege the Garrison of Ambaça but Iohn Carreyro sending a Company of Portugueses to assist that Lord who was our Friend the Queen was defeated A Body of Men marching to her aid was met by nine Portugueses with a number of Blacks who fled at first sight the nine Portugueses fought till their Pouder was spent and two being killed the other seven were taken which was no small Satisfaction to the Queen and many of the Blacks who before were our Friends hereupon became Neuters 21. Soon after the Queen was defeated and deposed and her Brother Airiquibange Crowned King being become a Christian as did many Persons of Note by his means At Congo the City Salvador was taken by the Prince of Sunne who killing the King placed in his stead D. Ambrose of the same Blood Royal. He proved a wise and religious Prince 22. The beginning of this Year went from Portugal for India but one Ship and a Pink. The latter as it return'd was burnt by the Dutch and the Men made Prisoners But in November 3 Ships more set sail The Viceroy returned to Portugal in the first Ship having resigned the Government to D. F. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim by reason D. Francis Mascarennas appointed to succeed him was gone to Spain The Count this second
Prince Henric's Motto whereby he expressed his designs and gave Lancelot to understand the Portugueses had been there before it was Alvaro Fernandez of Madera that was there He stood along the Shoar whilst Gomez Perez going up close in a Boat threw a Looking-Glass and a Sheet of Paper with a Crucifix on it upon the Land to some Blacks that were there who breaking and tearing them to pieces poured in a Volley of Arrows for which our men design'd to be revenged next day but a great Storm which dispersed all our Ships prevented the execution Laurence Diaz got home first Gomez Perez put in at Rio del Oro whence he brought one Slave and many Skins of Sea-Wolves and found the people there somewhat tractable Alvaro Freytas and Vincent Diaz in the Island Tider took fifty nine Slaves Diniz Fernandez and Palacano at Cape St. Ann took nine more twelve of our men swimming ashore for them With these and such like small successes they all returned home having lost one small Vessel but the men saved 14. Nunno Tristan run 60 Leagues beyond Cape Verde and anchoring at the Mouth of Rio Grande or the Great River he run up in his Boat and soon discovered eighty Blacks in thirteen Almadies or Boats who surrounded him and poured in their poisoned Arrows in such manner that they killed most of his men before they could get aboard where he also died none escaping without a Wound Only four men were left in the Ship brought her home after two months wandring in the Sea without knowing which way to steer Alvaro Fernandez prosecuted the same Voyage and went 40 Leagues beyond Tristan killing with his own hand the Lord of a Village whereby was put to flight a multitude that oppressed him At their return to the Ship they took two Women He came to the River Tabite where he was wounded being attacked by the Blacks in five Almadies Gilianes and others set out with ten Caravels carrying with them the Prisoners unjustly seized by Iohn de Castilla They put in at Cape Verde where they were beaten and lost five men They throve better among the Moors and therefore returned to Arguim where they made forty eight Slaves and at their return in Palma two Women which had cost them dear had not Iames Gonzales with a Cross-bow killed seven of the Islanders and among them their King who lead them with a Palm in his hand in token of his Soveraignty and our Victory 15. Gomez Perez deceived by some Moors of Rio del Oro who had promised a great ransom was revenged by bringing away eighty Slaves the same year Next year set out Iames Giles Homen with orders from the Prince to settle a Trade with the Moors of Meca or Messa 12 Leagues beyond Cape Gue where he got fifty Blacks for eighteen he carried with him and returned being drove away by a storm Here was left behind against his will Iohn Fernandez he who voluntarily staid before among the Azanagi They brought a Lion which was then much looked upon in Lisbon The Fame of these Attempts flew so that it brought from the King of Denmarks Court a Gentleman called Ballarte a person capable and desirous of great Designs He was well recommended by his King to the Prince who at his Suit sent him with Ferdinand Alonso who then went Embassador to the King of Cape Verde They were ready to receive him in hostile manner but were appealed when two Blacks who were the Interpreters told them our design the chief points whereof were the shewing them the Light of the Gospel and teaching them a more civilized way of living Their Farim or Governour being informed hereof came down to the Shoar and sent an account of our arrival to his King Mean while they began peaceably to trade Some Elephants Teeth stirred up a desire in Ballarte to see one alive A Black offered to shew him one and treacherously slew him and some of our men which obliged us not to stay the coming of that King 16. King Duarte reigned but a short time His Son Alonso the Fifth succeeded him being but six years of Age at seventeen he took upon him the Government Prince Peter Brother of the Discoverer having ruled for him those eleven years Because from this time the Discoveries were managed upon the King's account we will conclude with a description of this great Undertaker Prince Henry the Beginner and Author of the South and Eastern discoveries was of a proportionable bigness his Limbs gross and strong his Skin white and fair his Hair strong and rough his Countenance was terrible to such as were not acquainted for in the greatest heats he was more governed by Meekness than Passion he had a grave and graceful Gate he was very circumspect and cautious in his words plain in his Person as far as suitable with his Quality patient in Troubles valiant in Danger skilled in Learning the best Mathematician of his Age very liberal extream zealous for Religion he was not known to be given to any Vice he never married nor was it heard that he sinned against Continency his Memory and Prudence were equal to his Authority He died at Sagres in the year 1463. and the 67th of his Age he lies with his Father in the most noble Church of Batalla CHAP. II. Discoveries under King Alfonso the Fifth from the Year 1448. to the Year 1471. 1. KING Alfonso the Fifth took upon him the Government and prosecuted as his Uncle had done those discoveries The first step he gave was a grant to the Prince that none without his leave should pass Cape Bojador and also the fifth and tenth of all things brought from thence The differences between the King and his Uncle Prince Peter were a great stop to these affairs Leave was granted the Prince to plant the Islands Azores discovered by Gonzalo Vello they are seven in number their Names St. Michael St. Mary Iesus or Tercera Graciosa Pico Fayall Flores and Cuervo which lies farthest to the Westward as does the first to the Eastward They differ not much in Latitude being about the same with Lisbon The reason why they were so called is from a great number of Hauks which they call Azores that were seen there when first discovered In the last was found the Statue of a Man on Horseback with a Cloak but no Hat his Left Hand on the Horses Main the Right pointing to the West there were some Letters carved on the lower Rock but not understood It seemed to point out America Because in the Islands of Argâ—…m there was trading for Gold and Blacks the King ordered a Fort to be built in one of the Islands and called by the same name it was erected by Suero Mendez who was Commander of it At this time also were discovered the Islands of Cape Verde by Antony Nole a Genoese sent by that Republick to Portugal He also discovered the Island called Mayo or May because he arrived
Province of America called Brazill for the abundance of that Wood which it produces and hither had he been drove by Storms Having left this Port on the 12th of May he saw a Comet stretching its Tail to the Cape of Good Hope which vanished in eight days and was the forerunner of a terrible Storm insomuch that the day growing dark they could not see each other or hear with the horrid noise of the Winds 20 days this Tempest lasted and swallowed four Ships The Admiral arrived with only six Ships of all his Fleet upon the 16th of Iuly on the Coast of Zofala He chased two Ships the one was stranded the other taken they belonged to Moors and came from the Mine of Zofala commanded by Xeque Foteyma The Admiral treated him courteously restoring all that was taken because he was Uncle to the King of Melinde who deserved well of the Portugueses for the kind Offices Vasco de Gama had received of him in time of need Having quitted the Moor he arrived at Mozambique on the 20th of Iuly where he refitted and held on his Voyage 3. Coasting along he came to an Anchor before the antient and noble City Quiloa Abraham a Man renowed among his People and rich with the Trade of Zofala then reigned there The Admiral sent him word he had important Affairs to communicate to him from our King The Answer was that he should come ashoar and he would hear him He replied That according to his Instructions it was not permitted him to land unless to fight such as refused the Friendship of Portugal but that in respect to such a Prince he would meet him in a Boat in the middle of that Bay This Answer was surprising and Fear wrought more than Kindness Several Boats were set out on both sides richly adorned and filled with Musick Our Commander proposed Amity Trade and Religion The Moor gave good words but disguised ill designs This known a Councel was held the Resolution was to go on leaving the Revenge for a fitter opportunity and thus they arrived at Melinde the second of August where they were received with all kindness not only upon account of the Friendship established with Vasco de Gama but also for the Generosity wherewith Xeque Foteyma had been treated They visited and presented each other Ours which was considerable was carried by the Factor Ayres Correa together with a Letter from our King writ in Arabick which was so highly prised by that King that to the end he might keep the Bearer ashoar that night he sent the Admiral the Ring whereon was his Seal the greatest security of those Kings He told how much he was infested by the King of Monbaça for having admitted our Friendship renewed and confirmed it with words and actions Soon after our Ships sailed having taken in two Guzarat Pilots and set ashoar two Men in order to discover Prester Iohn's Country the antient desire of our Princes 4. On St. Bartholomew Eve they reached Anchediva The Vessels were wash'd and tallow'd they watered and dealt with the People by signs and left them satisfied Then they stood over for Calicut and discovered it the 17th of September The Natives beheld us with Pleasure and Admiration our Cannon was fired for joy but struck a terror into the People on the Shoar who fled Ayres Correa who had this employment at Melinde went to advertise the King Zamori He setled the manner how the King and Admiral should meet which was done with much circumspection There were given as Hostages for the safety of the Admiral and such as should land with him six of the Kings principal Ministers of the Family of the Bramenes whose Names he brought from Portugal by the advice of Moncayde The Prisoners that Vasco de Gama took were also returned in performance of what he had writ to Zamori and that they might give an account of what they had seen in Portugal 5. The Embassie was delivered with much state it tending only to the settling Peace and Commerce After much delay proceeding from Jealousie Peace was concluded and sworn to and a House in the Town with much difficulty granted for the conveniency of Trade Ayres Correa took possion of it with sixty able Men. The Merchants of Meca obstructed our getting lading complaint was made to the King but no redress 6. The cause of it was the enmity between two Moorish Governours one of the Sea the other of the Land Affairs the first called Coje Bequi the other Coje Cemireci This last was offended that our Factor had made greater application to the other than to him and contrived to be revenged as follows He was informed there sailed from Cochin a City distant about 30 Leagues a very great Ship of Ceylon bound for Cambaya with Elephants who must pass before us He therefore told the Factor that the King having desired one of those Beasts was refused it by the Owners that if our Men would take the Ship they would oblige the King forward their own business and possess themselves of a great quantity of Spice which the Merchants of Meca had there His design was that we should receive damage in the attempt that Ship being of great bulk and to this purpose gave notice to the Owners that they might be the better provided and in case that did not succeed at least hereby we should disoblige the Merchants of Cochin The Admiral sent after the Ship Peter de Ataide in the St. Peter who gave her chase she made no account of our Vessel till some of our Balls reaching her she bore upon us pouring in her shot then made away and was pursued and taken out of the Bay of Cananor There were aboard seven Elephants whereof one was killed by a Cannon Ball and eaten by our men This contrivance was of advantage to discover the Author to terrifie the King seeing such a Vessel taken by one that was not above the sixth part of her bulk and to gain the Friendship of the King of Cochin for the Admiral discovering the fraud restored the Ship to the Owners making satisfaction for the damage Here it was that Duarte Pacheco Pereyra gave the first marks of that Heroick Valour which after made him renowned in all the World 7. This evil design turned to our advantage but not the next for the Ships having been there three Months there were but two laden and at a dear rate and the Factor suspecting that the Ships of Meca laded by night which hindred ours complained to the King who ordered him to make Prize of such Boats They entred and found nothing for it was a contrivance of the Moors to incense the People against the Portugueses and so it fell out for the attempt being divulged the Rabble rises in search of the Factor and his Company whereof they suddenly slew forty the others with five Franciscan Fryers escaped that Storm The Admiral before the blood of those slain was cool in a rage burnt fifteen great
to the King and Princes who with Joy waited to see and honour him And no wonder since all the Christian Princes visited him by their Embassadors led by the admiration of his Glorious Exploits The French Embassador had his Picture drawn which was hung up in the Gallery of Fame among the other Hero's He was of a middle Stature strong built of a clear Judgment ready Wit a great Heart and very Liberal His Liberality did as much at Diu as his Valour for it is vain for a Miser ever to expect to purchase Glorious Victories Yet this Virtue was prejudicial to him in Portugal for the King having appointed him Governour of India was disswaded by some who said That Empire was too little for his Bounty 7. The late success of our Arms chiefly in Cambaya terrified all the Eastern Princes our Enemies so that Nizamaluco and Hidalcam immediately sent their Embassadors to confirm the last Peace concluded with them Zamori to obtain the more favourable Reception with the Vice-Roy took Emanuel de Brito Commander of the Fort of Chale for his Mediator Brito promised his Interest and accompanied the Embassador China Cutiale who came to Goa with a splendid Retinue The Vice-Roy received him with Courtesie and Grandeur The Peace was Concluded much to our Credit Had not the Vice-Roy fallen sick he designed to go to Calicut to perform the Ceremony of Swearing to the observation of the Articles but sent his Son D. Alvaro to this purpose under the Direction of discreet Men because he was young They came to Panane with a numerous Fleet where that Prince expected them accompanied by the Kings of Chale and Tanor They met with great demonstrations of Joy the Peace was sworn and lasted 30 years which was one of the greatest Blessings we enjoyed in India 8. About the beginning of Ianuary this Treaty was Concluded and the Vice-Roy sent towards Cambaya D. Peter de Castellobranco with 14 Sail who returned to God without any Action of Note Iohn de Sepulveda coming from Ormuz and hearing that Ruy Lorenço de Tavora was streightned by the Enemy in Baçaim relieved him with diligence and they forced the Enemy to leave the Field Antony Carvallo with 8 small Vessels went to seek some Pirates that coursed between Baticala and Anchediva They fled but being overtaken were destroyed their Ships burnt and the Country laid waste Carvallo returned with Honour to Goa where the Vice-Roy growing so weak he could not attend the Government he proposed a Worthy Person might be chose to supply his place and then said It should be no other than his Son D. Alvaro This surprized all Men being a violation of the Publick Liberty of Choice And might have proved of dangerous Consequence had not his Death prevented it for sometimes it is expedient One should dye for the good of the People 9. The Vice-Roy being dead the first Patent of Succession was opened and Martin Alfonso de Sousa was therein named who not long before was gone to Portugal The second being opened named D. Steven de Gama who lived Indisposed without the City All rejoyced at the Election as few were grieved at the Death of the Predecessor who nevertheless was honourably Interr'd His Picture represents him in the ancient Habit of Portugalâ—… all Black lined in Crimson He was the Third Vice-Roy and Eleventh Governor but first of the Name and held it a Year and seven Months His Son D. Alvaro came to Portugal and brought with him two Embassadors of the King of Cota He desired of King Iohn That in case he had no Son his Grand-Child might be sworn King To this effect the Embassadors brought his Image in Gold which held in its Hand a Crown set with Jewels for the King to Crown the Statue with The King did it publickly with much solemnity and the Embassadors returned well pleased as dispatched to their Prince's satisfaction CHAP. III. The Government of D. Stepen de Gama from the Year 1540 till the Year 1542 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. DOn Stephen entred upon the Government the beginning of April he was Son of D. Vasco de Gama The first thing he did was to cause all he had to be publickly Valued that it might not be thought afterwards he had got his Estate by that Government at the end whereof it was found considerably diminished The first Act was hard to be imitated so the second which was That he advanced a great Sum to the Publick seeing the Treasury exhausted Next he refitted the Fleet which was laid up The care of Temporals did not lessen his attention to Spirituals so he founded the Colledge of St. Faith for the Heathen Youths that are Converted This was the second Colledge erected in that Empire and the first at Goa and the first Rector of it was that singular person the Vicar General Michael Vaz He sent his Brother D. Christopher young in years but not in ability to attend the Repairing the Ships at Cochin He sent Advice to several Commanders in order to be in a readiness to oppose the Rumes who it was said were Sailing towards our Coasts D. Christopher set out with 600 Men against the King of Porca and a Caymal of his because they had robbed Sebastian de Sousa coming from Maldivia and refused to make Restitution He marched up the Country slew many of the Enemy and routed the rest Beheaded the Caymal and laid the Country waste which produced an advantagious Peace and an Agreement between this King and him of Pimienta 2. Being advertized That the Rumes could not set out this Year he attended other Affairs Emanuel de Vasconcelos was sent with 20 Sail to the Coast of Malabar and Antony de Castelobranco with 30 to Cambaya Scarce were they gone when 4 Ships arrived from Portugal They carried new Orders from the King as dangerous as they were new for whoever deprives Men of the hopes of Advancement takes away their Courage Such were these being the sullen thoughts of Ministers who thinking all too little for themselves think every thing too much for others The Ships being sent to Cochin to load and return home D. Stephen prepared to set out for the Red Sea in order to burn the Turkish Gallies at Zues but first he sent some Commanders to the Post assigned them 3. When Badur King of Cambaya made over the Lands of Baçaim to the Portugueses he took them from Bramaluco a brave Man to whom he had before given them He thought the death of the Vice-Roy D. Garcia furnished him a convenient opportunity to regain them by surprize He set out of Damam in the dead of Winter with 300 Horse and 5000 Foot Ruy Lorenço de Tavora Commander of that Fort considering if the Enemy once took footing it would be hard to remove them sets out with 650 Portugueses the later number were Horse and Men of known Valour The Foot he divided into four Battalions and reserved to himself the 50
this last left about Four hundred of his Men on that Shoar and in his Long-Boat got to Goa These Four hundred who were left built a small Vessel and arrived at Cochim In the other Ships went the Bishop D. Belchior Carnero a Jesuit and some other Religious Men sent by the Pope to the Emperour of Ethiopia D. Alvaro de Silveyra was now made Admiral of a Fleet of 21 Sail provided for the Sea of Calicut and against the Queen of Olala who refused to pay her Tribute He over-run all those Coasts with Fire and Sword destroying many Towns and Ships and all things that stood in the way particularly the City Mangalor and a sumptuous Pagod Zamori sensible of his Losses desired Peace which was concluded Silveyra returned Victorious 6. Let us return to Ceylon Tribuli Pandar having made his Escape as was related out of Prison fled to Balande Madune subtilly exasperates him against the Portugueses and sent him Six hundred Chingala's with whom and his other Men he was so succesful that he reduced the Towns of Paneture Caleture Maça Berberi Gale and Beligam to the last Extremities destroying our Churches and killing many Christians Converted by the Religious of St. Francis who first Preached there Now comes Alfonso Pereyra de Laçerda to take upon him this Command Madune who before had assisted Pandar now offers to aid Laçerda against him He accepts the Offer The King sent his Son Raju by the way of Caleture with an Army Laçerda sent Ruy Pereyra with Two hundred Men and Antony de Spinola with One hundred two other ways to assault the City Palandu where Tribuli was They beset the Town at one time and after a vigorous Resistance the Portugueses entred it the King fled his Wife was taken and many of his Men killed The Portugueses returned Victorious and Madune obtained one of the Ends he had proposed to himself which were either That the Portugueses should destroy Pandar or he them 7. The beginning of this Year sailed Iohn Peixoto with two Galleys for the Red-Sea to discover what was doing at Suez He found all quiet and being loath to return without doing something he Landed before Day in the Island Suanquem with the King whereof we were at Variance It being a dead time of Night he found all asleep and might say as a Prince who killed a Man that was sleeping that he left those Islanders as he found them for many were killed before they awaked others after The same fate befell the King in his Palace Peixoto returned to his Galliots carrying Slaves and Booty without receiving the least damage Next day keeping along the Coast he destroyed several Towns and returned to Goa having purchased as much Honour with two small Vessels as others with many He brought away F. Gonçalo Rodriguez whom he found at Arquico much dissatisfied that he had not prevailed with the Emperour of Ethiopia to admit of the Rites of the Church 8. The King of Baçora oppressed by the Turks made now the same Offers to the Governour he had done before to the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha in case he would assist him to throw off the Turkish Yoak The Conditions were admitted and neither this time did it succeed for D. Alvaro de Silveyra going upon this Design with twenty Sail met not with the success he had the year before against the Malabars A terrible Storm so disabled him in that Port that he was not in a condition to attempt any thing a second time Michael Rodriguez Coutino prospered better going to the Lands of Salsete and Bardes against some Parties of Hidalcan who sought Revenge for our favouring Meale All the Sea-Ports were destroyed with Fire and Sword and many Ships perished He killed and took many Prisoners and returned with Honour and Riches to Goa The chief of the Booty was a great Ship of Meca taken at Dabul after a sharp engagement for there were Two hundred Moors in her who killed eight of our Men. 9. This Misfortune the more enraged Hidalcan and to mend it he sends a numerous Army into those same Lands The Governour set out with a strong Body to oppose him The War lasted all the Winter without any Action worthy relating In September arrived four Ships from Portugal in them went Ferdinand de Sousa and Castellobranco Embassadour to the Emperour of Ethiopia and F. Iohn Nunes Barreto Patriarch of that stubborn People His Companion was the Bishop Andrew de Oviedo who did nothing because the Emperour could not be reduced to change his Old Rites With these came to India F. Gonçalo de Sileyra to be Provincial he afterwards received the Crown of Martyrdom in Monomotapa All this shall be related in its proper place 10. The Governour set out to Visit our Forts in the North with a Fleet consisting of One hundred and fifty Sail of all sorts He gained the Mountain and Fort Azarim for a small purchase by the means of Coje Mahomet a Trusty Moor living at Bazaim This Mountain is not far from the City and rises very upright for the space of a League a little below the Top it is girt with a sort of Border standing out which renders it almost inaccessible the rest being very difficult of ascent It is kept by Threescore Men who need no other Arms to defend them but the Stones that lye there which rolled down the Passes must carry before them all that is in the way The Garrison lives upon the Top which is plain and almost round They light themselves with sticks of Wood that grow there and burns like a Torch with that odds that they cannot be quenched by Wind or Water 11. Antony Moniz Barreto was sent to take possession of this place he left there a Captain and 60 Portugueses and went on to take the Fort of Manora not far distant which the Inhabitants abandoned he left there George Manhans with 120 Men and returned to Bazaim where he found the Governour receiving an Embassy from the King of Cinde who desired Succour against a Tyrant that infested him We were desirous of this Prince's Friendship and thought fit to purchase it by Relieving him Seven hundred Men were sent to him in Twenty eight Vessels all Commanded by Peter Barreto Rolim 12. The Fleet arrived safe at Tatá the Court of the King of Cinde The Prince who was there visited Barreto and sent word of his Arrival to his Father who was absent in the Field He Answered desiring our Commander to wait till he Advised what was fit to be done Barreto stayed and soon after hearing the King was agreed with his Enemy without giving him notice he asked of the Prince leave to depart and that he would pay the Charge of the Fleet as was promised by the Embassadour The Answer was so little to satisfaction that Barreto landed his Men entred the City and in the Fury killed above Eight thousand Persons and destroyed by Fire the value of above two Millions of
of Silk much Fish and Cattle of sundry sorts The Natives are Pagans the Moors first came in as Merchants then possessed themselves as Lords since the year 1400. Of the Natives those they call Batas who inhabit the inland are most brutal eating human flesh The Moors dwell on the Coast. They use several Languages but chiefly that of Malaca Their Weapons were poisoned Arrows like those of Iava from whom they are descended afterwards they used our Arms. The Island is divided into nine Kingdoms that of Pedir was once the greatest now that of Pacem whose Kings are no longer lived than the Rabble pleases George de Albuquerque now carried one of their Princes expelled to restore him to his Crown either by persuasion or by 〈◊〉 he having to this effect fled to the protection of the Portugueses when Alfonso de Albuquerque took Malaca 2. George Albuquerque arriving at the Island and assisted by the neighbouring King of Ara proposed to the Usurper to quit the Kingdom to the lawful Prince who had submitted himself to the King of Portugal Genial the Usurper offered the same submission to keep his possession The Offer was refused and Albuquerque went to attack him in his Fort which was scaled and the Gate broke open but valiantly maintained by thirty Men who were in a Tower over it with the Usurper himself till Cid Cerveyra with a Musket Shot which went through his Forehead brought him down whereupon the thirty Men dismayed and fled The Flower of three thousand Moors assaulted by three hundred of our Men courageously defended a large Court or place of Arms assisted by the Elephants Hector de Silveyra directing his Lance to the Trunk of one the Beast put it by and laying hold of his Body threw him into the Air but so fortunately that he lived Two others succeeded better one killing the Rider the other wounded the Elephant so that he flew back making great havock among his own party The Moors retired to a lesser place and being close pursued the King of Aru coming on to our assistance in due time two thousand of the Enemy were slain Four or five Men of Note were killed on our side many wounded George de Albuquerque twice in the Face Next day the dispossessed Prince was restored with great state and made tributary to King Emanuel and a Fort raised there as in other places 3. At this time arrived at the same Port Antony de Brito with the Fleet that had been commanded by his Brother George who with the choice of his Men was killed on the shoar of Achem twenty Leagues distant from Pacem and was sent thither with six Sail and three hundred Men. Behold an example of Avarice and Ingratitude Iohn de Borba after suffering Shipwrack having been tossed nine days on the Waves with nine Companions and cast upon the shoar of Achem was received and relieved by that King as if he had been in his native Country But George de Brito arriving he informs him there was great store of Gold in the Tombs of the Kings and the more to induce him to commit the Robbery said the King had taken away the Goods of some Portugueses Brito after some inquiry into the Business began to pick a quarrel with the King and seise upon that Gold He landed with two hundred Men and finding a Fort in his way took it Two Drunken Men issuing out after the taking were killed by the Enemy and several succeeding to relieve or revenge them George de Brito was at last obliged to come to their Succour at such time as the King came on with a thousand Men and six Elephants Here Brito and most of his Men were killed among them fifty of Note This is the just Reward of Injustice Ingratitude and Avarice The sad Remainder retired to their Ships the Command whereof fell to Antony de Brito Brother to him slain who now joined Albuquerque in the Port of Pacem where he left some Men and three Ships which were afterwards of use against a Moor who infested that Coast. 4. George de Albuquerque returning to Malaca and taking possession of that Command prepared to make War upon the King of Bintam who was forty Leagues distant from Malaca in the Island Bintam of forty Leagues circumference The Island was well fortified having two strong Castles and the Rivers staked so that it seemed almost inaccessible Albuquerque set out from Malaca with eighteen Sail and six hundred Men. Finding it impossible for the Ships to come up he landed his Men in Boats to attack a Fort but the Water being up to their middles and the Enemies shot very thick they were forced to retire without doing any execution and having lost twenty Men and many wounded 5. Hence Antony de Brito set sail for the Maluco Islands which are in the midst of many others under the Equinoctial about three hundred Leagues from Malaca Eastward The principal of them are five about twenty five Leagues distant from each other Their Names tho in general called Malucos are Ternate Tidore Mousell Maquien Bacham The biggest not above six Leagues in circumference They are covered with Woods and Fogs therefore unhealthy These five produce â—…ves but no manner of Food and thâ—…and Batochina sixty Leagues in length produces Food but no Cloves In some there are flaming Mountains chiefly in Ternate Their chief Sustenance is Meal made of the Bark of Trees like to the Palm from these and others they have Wine and Vinegar There is a sort of Canes that in the hollow have a Liquor delightful to drink The Inhabitants are not great Lovers of Flesh though they have plenty more of Fish of which there is an infinite quantity They are not affable but warlike and most swift either in running or swimming Idolaters as to their Religion Of their Origen there is no account They were in process of times possessed by Moors since whose first coming to them there was yet living an old Master when Brito arrived 6. To these Islands and particularly Ternate Brito was sent to build a Fort which long since Boylefe the King thereof had desired Others had gone before but to no effect as in the time of Albuquerque Antony de Abreu who lost one of the three Ships he carried but saved the Men. He arrived in the Island Banda five go under this name but it is most proper to the chief which is like an earthly Paradice one great Ornament of it being the Plant which produces the Mace Antony de Abreu returned to Malaca but his other Captain Francis Serram was drove to Ternate the King whereof seeing him and some of his Men in Armour concluded a Prophecy was fulfilled which foretold that Men of Iron should come to that Island who would make it famous Anthony de Miranda went thither afterwards Francis Serram staying there to expect an answer from King Emanuel to the Letters of the Kings of Ternate and Tidore each striving to have the Fort built
slain the rest fled and the Town was plundered The Wife of Arel and other persons of Note were taken with much Gold Silver Jewels Silks and other Stuffs good Cannon and thirteen considerable Vessels all was put to the Sword first and then delivered up to the Flames without the loss of one Man The Governor returning to Cochin found there two Ships that came from Portugal with Nuno de Cuna who came to take upon him that Government and was behind with most of the Fleet. Lope Vaz desired to deliver up India to him cleansed of Pyrats and so prosecuted his Undertakings He went to Cananor and sent his Nephew Simon de Melo against Marabia a Town not far distant who burnt twelve of the Paraos that guarded the Port and landing fired the Town The same he did at mount Delii Antony de Silva de Meneses acted in the same nature at other places There was nothing every where but Fire and Sword Ruin and Destruction 14. The King of Cambaya at this time had fitted out eighty Barques against Nizamaluco Lord of Chaul and did harm to the Portugueses Alexiath a valiant â—…oor commanded that Fleet and our Commander at Chaul and Nizamaluco both demanded aid of Lopâ—… Vaz He set out with forty Sail in which were above a thousand Portugueses besides the Natives who bore Arms. Hector de Silveyra had the Command of the Vessels that rowed Lope Vaz being arrived at Chaul sent eighty Portugueses under the Command of Iohn de Avelar to Nizamaluco then sailed towards Diu understanding the eighty Barques steered that way Off of Bombaim he had sight of them Some Vessels run to secure the mouth of the River Bandora left the Enemy might escape that way Hector de Silveyra with his Brigantines fetched up Aleixiath The Cannon began a furious Charge and the Smoak being dispersed there appeared in the Air showers of Bullets and Arrows Then they boarded and after a vigorous Engagement Alixiath fled with only seven of his eighty Barques Thirty three of them were of use the rest burnt the Prisoners were many much Artillery taken and abundance of Ammunition Hector lost not one Man in this glorious Action to which Lope Vaz was a joyful Spectator tho envious of Silveyra's Glory Iohn de Avelar acted no less for scaling an almost impregnable Fort of the King of Cambaya he was the first that entered and having slain all the Defendants delivered it up to Nizamaluco Here three Portugueses were lost They were all assisted by a thousand of Nizamaluco's â—…ubjects That Prince honored and rewarded the Bravery of the Portugueses 15. Lope Vaz overjoyed with this success thought Diu now weakened would surrender if he appeared before it and he judged right as afterwards appeared But all the Captains except Hector de Silveyra being of a contrary opinion he was forced to desist and went back to Goa leaving the famous Hector with twenty two Vessels that rowed to scour that Coast of Pirats Antony de Miranda on that of Malabar drove all that came in his way He had destroyed twelve Paraos when Christopher de Melo the Governor's Nephew joined him with a hundred choice Men in six Brigantines and a Gally Then they took in the River Chale a mighty Ship of Calicut laden with Pepper and bravely defended by much Artillery and eight hundred Men. Near Monte Hermoso or Mount Beautiful they defeated fifty Sail of Calicut and took much Cannon and many Men in three Paraos But the Winter coming on they retired 16. Hector de Silveyra who was left with his Brigantines on the Coast of Cambaya did much execution He run up the River Nagotana of Baçaim and landed the Natives with the Terror of his Actions deserting the Towns whereof he burnt six At the last the Commander of Nagotana appeared in the Field with five hundred Horse and a great number of Foot Hector knowing it was a raâ—…ness to encounter him retired towards his Brigantines but the Horse coming on hindered any from embarquing Hector faced them and killing three made some room Francis Godino dismounting one of the Enemy got upon his Horse and killing another brought that Horse to his Captain who encouraging his Men made the Enemy give back and so gained time to imbarque Hector went hence to Bacaim seated on the Banks of the River of the same name found it well fortified and stored with Cannon through whose Mouths he must force his landing Behind the Town lay Alixiath with five hundred Horse and three thousand Foot Hector entered the River by night and in the morning in despight of their Cannon forced the Works killing many of the Defendants As he marched to the Town on a sudden Alixiath fell on him with his three thousand five hundred Men. Silveyra drew his Men into one Body and bravely put all that number to flight killing many Whilst they fled Baâ—…aim was plundered and burnt The Lord of Tana a great City not far distant terrified at this success submitted himself as Tributary to Portugal and was received by Hector who now retired to Chaul 17. Let us now see what was done during this time at Maluco Simon de Sousa Galvam was going in a Galley with seventy Men to take the Command of that Fort of D. George a most violent storm brought him in a miserable condition to the Port of Achem. Immediately flocked about them several Vessels upon pretence of assistance but being come aboard they fell upon the seventy Portugueses with all manner of weapons but they recovering the Fright bravely drove them all from their Ships sides but not above twenty of them were left that could stand upon their Feet The King in a rage that the Ship was not taken ordered his Admiral to attack her in the morning He came and Simon de Sousa encouraging those Men that could scarce support themselves did Feats like to those related in Fables and repelled with great slaughter that Inundation that came upon them But a Moor who was in the Galley leaping overboard gave the Enemy an account of her miserable condition With a fresh supply they came on again and boarded her killing most of our Men Simon de Sousa was cut in pieces Only such as had not life enough to seek their death remained alive and were carried to the King with the Galley and afterwards served in the execution of his wicked Designs as shall appear in its proper place 18. Thus Simon de Sousa sailing by the way D. George de Meneses continued his Command at Maluco He sent some Portugueses against Tidore and the Spaniards that were there but they being put to the rout D. George gathered the Ternatenses they their Allies the chief whereof were Cachil de Aroez the King of Bacham and the Sangages They fell upon Tidore in the morning those of of Tidore and the Spaniards fought couragiously but were obliged to give ground and retire the Spaniards to their Fort having lost six Men two killed and
appoint that a Bulwark upon the Sea should immediately be delivered to him that they should not meddle with the King's Revenues at Diu c. Immediately a Iew and an Armenian were sent to Portugal with this News to the King and to the Governor at Goa Iames de Mesquita one of the Portugueses who served Badur at the Siege of Chitor that King desiring that Nuno de Cuna would instantly come to Diu. 13. Whilst these things were in agitation seven Ships arrived from Portugal with Men and great Riches They came to Goa before the first advice reached the Governor and before the second could come he was under sail with a resolution to accept the Offer of Badur The King received him with much honor and demonstration of Joy After the first Visits he desired him to send some Men to recover the Fort of Vivarcne taken by the Mogols upon the River Indus and some Relief to the City Baroche Vasco Perez de Sampayo was sent to the first with two hundred and fifty Portugueses in twelve Barques To the latter Enterprize went Emanuel de Macedo who returned to Diu without doing any thing the Inhabitants having quitted the place which was too big for his small number to maintain 14. About this time there was one Iames Botello in these parts who was in disgrace with King Iohn because it was said he designed to go for France being skillfâ—… in the Affairs of India The Favour of Princes is generally recovered either by something very inconsiderable or else by some Action that seems impossible Botello resolved upon the latter He knew how earnestly the King desired the raising the Fort at Diu scarce was it granted when he getting the Draught of it and a Copy of the Capitulation committed himself to the vast Ocean that is between Spain and India in a Barque that was but sixteen Foot and half in length nine Foot broad and four Foot and a half deep He set ouâ—… privately with his own Slaves three Portugueses and two others saying he went to Cambaya Being out at Sea he discovered his Design they were all astonished but overcome by fair Words and Promises Till finding they were reduced to unspeakable Miseries the Slaves agreed to kill him and killed a Servant which occasioned all the Slaves who were Sailers to be slain Without Seamen or Pilot he held his Course and to the admiration of all Men arrived at Lisbon where the Barque was immediately burnt that no Body might see it was possible to perform that Voyage in so small a Vessel The King was greatly pleased with the News and Iames Botello restored to the Royal Favour without any other Reward for this prodigious Action 15. Nuno de Cuna began the Work with diligence and a great number of Hands being himself the first that laboured at the Foundation which was done with Sound of Trumpets Fifes Drums Noise of Cannon and Shouts The Work was soon finished and the Command of the Fort given to Emanuel de Sousa with nine hundred Portugueses and sixty Pieces of great Cannon Badur already reaped the Benefit of this Concession for Nizamaluco at the instance of Nuno de Cuna not only made peace with but assisted him against his Enemy Vasco Perez had recovered Varivene and King Omaum hearing Nuno de Cuna was at Diu despaired of taking that 〈◊〉 and employed his Arms against other places 16. Badur pleased with this success desired to view in person how much of his Kingdom was yet left him This he communicated to Nuno de Cuna desiring a number of Portugueses might go with him and particularly Martin Alfonso de Sousa Nuno approved his Resolution and gave him five hundred Men whereof fifty were of Note Now Cuna fearing Omaum would fall upon Baçaim sent to its Relief Garcia de Sa with four hundred Portugueses He seeing a mighty Army threaten that City resolved to quit it to the terror of all the Inhabitants and with miserable Cries of Women and Children Antony Galvam considering the loss of the Portugues Reputation persuaded him with strong Reasons to alter his Resolution Sa began to fortifie the place and the Mogol knowing thâ—…r Resolution drew off This Retreat of the Mogols encouraged Mirao Muhmold Nephew to Badur who was upon the Frontier of Nizamaluco to recover many places taken by the Mogols which brought fresh Hopes to Badur of regaining his Crown 17. Badur being thus prosperous with the assistance of the Portugueses only and repenting he had given leave to raise the Fort would build a Wall between it and the City covering the Design he had thereby of gaining the Fort with the pretence of parting the Portugueses and Gurarates whose too free Communication caused Divisions There was some bickering between the King and Nuno about it till the King desisted Nuno de Cuna went to Baçaim and began the Fort there giving the honor of laying the first stone to Antony Galvam in reward of his resolution in defence of it Garcia de Sa was left to carry on the Work and Nuno returned to Goa 18. Let us return to Malaca and Maluco whence the course of the Occurrences in India drew us During the Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo the King of Achem had caused to be killed Simon de Sousa and others bound for Maluco and taken others prisoners He feigned to be sorry for that Action and sent three of the Prisoners to Peter de Faria then commanding the first time at Malaca offering Peace and desiring him to send persons fit to treat of it and he would deliver to them Sousa his Galley and the other Prisoners This was much for the ease of Malaca and therefore Peter de Faria sent presently a Vessel with some Portugueses who were all killed by that Tyrants Order before they came to him Six months after Garcia de Sa then commanding the King writ a Letter to him saying He wondered no Body was sent to treat of Peace believing by reason of the Secresie used in murdering the others it was not known and at the same time caused the Prisoners he had whom to compass his wicked ends he treated kindly to write to the Commander about it Sa presently sent a Gallion well provided with Men and Cannon commanded by Emanuel Pacheco who suffered himself to be circumvented by the King's Barques and he with most of the Men were slain the Gallion was carried for the King to see who then caused the rest of the men and the prisoners he made much of to be killed Then he joined with the King of Aru and all this to the intent to gain Malaca having intelligence with Sinaya Raja a considerable Moor who lived in that City The Correspondence being discovered by some drunken Achemes produced the publick safety and death of Sinaya who was thrown headlong from a Tower by Garcia de Sa his order 15. The year 1530 Gonçalo Pereyra set out from Malaca for Maluco and in pursuance to the Governor's Order by the way
was the Reward those who deserved best found in Portugal where Heroick Actions were looked upon as Crimes and Crimes as Heroick Actions But his Fame will live for ever CHAP. X. Which ends the Government of Nuno de Cuna this same Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third and concludes the First Tome 1. THE Present sent by the King of Cambaya to the great Turk to obtain Succour from him was delivered together with the News of his Death The great Value of this Present demonstrated to that Prince the vast Riches of India and stirred up in him a desire of becoming Master of it He thought he might expel the Portugueses in the East and one of them a Renegado then at Constantinople promoted the Design by making it easie 2. The Turk ordered a Fleet to be fitted and gave the Command of it to the Eunuch Solyman Bassa Governor of Caire Solyman was a Greek Janisary born in the Morea of stature short his Face ugly and Belly so big he was more like a Beast than Man his Age eighty years he could not rise up without the help of four Men. His Purse purschased him this Command offering the Turk to furnish the Shipping at his own Cost The better to perform this he put to death many rich Men to seize their Estates Among others he hanged Mir Daud King of Theâ—…ayda after taking from him a great Sum of Mony So it might well be said this Fleet was rather built by the Dead than by the Living It contained seventy Sail most large Gallies well stored with Cannon Ammunition and Provisions seven thousand Land-Men Janizaries Turks and Mamalucs the Seamen and Slaves of the best many of the latter taken out of the Venetian Gallies then at Alexandria which were seized upon the Peace made by Bajazet in the year 1503 being now broke 3. Solyman having set out committed Villanies natural to a Tyrant and Coward as he was He caused four hundred Soldiers to be put to the Oars and because they complained put to death two hundred He thought to have taken the King at Gidda but he who well knew him escaped At Zebet after receiving a rich Present he beheaded the King In like manner after receiving a Present and Relief from the King of Aden counterfeiting he had many sick Men aboard they were set ashore privately armed and seized the City while he murdered the King aboard About the beginning of September he came before Diu having lost six Vessels by the way 4. When King Badur was killed upon the Sea with some of his Reâ—…inue one Coje Zofar swam to shore and was well received by the Portugueses who put all others to the Sword He upon several occasions shewed himself so grateful that Nuno de Cuna much favoured and recommended him earnestly to Antony de Silveyra At last without any provocation he fled from Diu to the new King of Cambaya offering his Service and persuading him to war upon the Portugueses and drive them from that Coast affirming it might be easily done with the assistance of the Turkish Fleet which he knew would soon be there The King with this Encouragement forms a Body of five thousand Horse and ten thousand Foot at Champanel The first that appeared was Coje Zofar with three thousand Horse and four thousand Foot maintained by himself knowing it is suspicious to advise dangerous Enterprizes and not have part in them Antony de Silveyra having notice hereof provided for a long and dangerous Siege 5. Coje Zofar made the first Breach falling upon the Town of the Rumes near Diu where he did much harm Francis Pacheco defended himself bravely in a Bulwark with fourteen Portugueses till relieved by Antony de Silveyra and Zofar was obliged to draw off being wounded in the Arm. At the same time appears Alu Cham the King's General with all the Army and he and Zofar set down before the Passes Antony de Silveyra orders the Officers commanding them to quit those Posts the better to maintain the City and Fort. In the Execution of these Orders they lost some Ships and Guns 6 By reason of this Loss and because there were many private Enemies who only waited an opportunity of shewing their malice Silveyra could not maintain the City Some he hanged and retired to the Fort always taking the Advice of his Captains Alu Cham and Coje Zofar presently possessed themselves of the City and Island abandoned by us and began to play their Shot vigorously Lope de Sousa who guarded the Wood and Water whereof the Fort stood in need had several Rencounters and slew many of the Enemy without losing one Man but was himself much wounded Antony de Silveyra hearing of the approach of the Turkish Fleet with speed sent advice thereof to Nuno de Cuna the Answer was the Diligence wherewith he prepared to relieve him in person 7. Michael Vaz a resolute Man sent by Silveyra to discover saw the Enemies Fleet and the better to view it came up so near that their Shot reached his Vessel He got off and carried the News to the Governor at Goa The Fleet came to an Anchor in the Harbour and was now formidable not only to those few Portugueses but even to the Moors who had expected it Next day Solyman landed six hundred Janizaries well accoutred and armed with Bows and Musquets to terrifie the Beholders They entered the City and there acted all the Insolencies used among Soldiers Then drawing near the Fort they killed six Portugueses but three hundred of our Musqueteers advancing killed fifty of them and forced the rest to retire 8. A storm obliged Solyman to remove to Madrefavat a safer Harbour There he continued twenty days in which time Silveyra bettered the Fortifications planted his Artillery and assigned every Man his Post. The same was done by the Turks assisted by Coje Zofar Some of their Cannon played upon a Bulwark to burn which they built a wooden Castle on a great Barque filled with combustible Matbut Francis de Goveâ—… who had his Command by Sea went out by night and with great difficulty got to and burnt it At this time came some relief sent by Nuno de Cuna yet the greatest Comfort they brought was the hopes of his coming after in person 9. Solyman returns from Madrefavat and fires his Cannon upon the Bulwark where Francis de Gouvea commanded from whence and from S. Thomas his Tower he was so well answered that one of his Gallies sunk with most of the Men. The greatest harm the Portugueses received was from their own Cannon which burst and killed some for the Enemy only killed two Brothers whose Mother took them in her Arms and carried off the Bodies without shedding a tear Zofar now furiously battered Francis Pachecho's Bulwark which he rendered not tenable seven hundred Janizaries assaulted it and set up their Colours but some of the scattered Portugueses advancing fell on dislodged them and killed one hundred and fifty The Dispute lasted
our hopes advanced when the Fathers were imprisoned by the Court of Ceremonies for presuming to reside there without presenting themselves before their Tribunal This confinement lasted but three days because the King sent for them Though he sent for them they saw him not yet performed all the usual impertinent Ceremonies to his Throne as if he had been there The Supream President of that Court more particularly examined F. Rivius who he was whence he came and what he and his Companions pretended at Court and he being the most expert in the Chinese Language in most lofty terms answer'd to all those Particulars to the great admiration of the President and all the Auditory 13. The King being informed hereof granted the Fathers leave to live at that Court and all the Courtiers favoured them especially the Ministers of State and Mandarins F. Rivius so far gained the favour of a Calao the Supream Dignity in that Empire that he treated him as his equal a thing never used in that great Place seated him at his Table and gave singular attention to all he said particularly in Matters relating to Religion One of the things that most pleased him was that Christianity allowed not of more Wives than one Thus Rivius contracted Friendship with the President of the Supream Council and soon after most of the Principal Men. 14. Thus with Divine and Royal Assistance the Faith was propagated at Peking Hancheu Nanking and Nancham There were converted Mandarins Lawyers and other Persons of Note some with their whole Families and the Society of Jesus after 20 Years labour in the Year 1601 was possessed of four Residences in China one whereof at Court which was to support all the rest 15. F. Nicholas Longobardo a Sicilian who was Rector at Hancheu suffered very much but some Men of Note especially one Tauli pleading for the Fathers the Storm was somewhat appeased But it broke out more furious at the Instigation of a Witch who there being a great Dearth said the Goddess Quonhin would not give Rain whilst the Fathers were there and F. Nicholas was threatned with Death who desirous to suffer Martyrdom ran to the Place where they were threatning him He finding those People disputing about the Rain told them how vain it was to expect it from any but the God he preached and immediately there fell such abundance as refreshed the Fields and quenched their Thirst after his Blood so that House for that time was restored to its former quiet Let this for the present suffice touching the Conversion of China till we have occasion to speak of it again The End of the First Part. THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM III. PART II. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra from the Year 1597 till 1600. DON Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra arrived at Goa in May having set out from Lisbon the Year before with five Sail whereof only his Ship Winter'd at Mombaçá He carried himself from the beginning with such State that he gained the general ill Will of all Men notwithstanding in other things he endeavoured to oblige 2. He disposed of all Places in the gift of the Viceroys to his own Creatures who sold them to underserving Persons whereby those who had merited them by their Service were put by their Right Yet afterwards hearing the just Complaints made against this unjust Proceeding he caused the Buyers to be refunded and gave those Places to Men of more worth 3. Manasinza the great Mogol's Favourite marched to subdue the Patanes who were in Rebellion because Catula King of Orixa having plunder'd and profaned a famous Pagod they unexpectedly fell upon him and killed his Son with 2000 Men. Manafinza had with him 35000 Horse 80000 Foot many Elephants with Castles and great quantity of all other warlike Engines At the City Iassalor all the Inhabitants to the number 6000 fell furiously upon the Enemy resolving to die and ordering as soon as they were cut off their Goods Wives and Children should be burnt that the Enemy might not possess their Riches or dishonour their Families They did great Execution at the first onset but were all cut to pieces and there being no time to put in execution their design Manasinza entred Iassalor plundering the Riches and ravishing Women which struck such a Terror into the rest of the Patanes they all submitted themselves Then marching towards the King of Orixa and he not daring to stand a Battel freely offered Subjection 4. In Ceylon the Tyrant D. Iohn King of Candea taking the advantage of time when our General D. Hierome de Azevedo had dispersed his Men to refresh them caus'd the King of Uva and the Princes of Dinavaca to join and take the Field with 4000 Men many Musketeers and armed Elephants With this force they marched towards our Fort of Corvite six Leagues from Ceitavaca where Salvador Pereyra de Silva commanded with 100 Men. Silva by the General 's order chose some of his Men and marched one Night with such a secrecy four Leagues to the Place where the Enemy was Encamped that they sooner felt than heard him killing many of their Men before they could handle their Arms. The Confusion was such they presently fled he pursued them slew above 1000 and carried away some Prisoners Elephants and other Booty 5. In the Summer D. Iohn takes the Field again with the King of Uva and Simon Correa who being in Rebellion called himself King of Ceitavaca He thought to draw our General D. Hierome out of his Works by attacking our Quarters at Mature where D. Ferdinand the Modeliar commanded D. Ferdinand understanding the Enemy was near thought to have performed such another fortunate piece of Service as Salvador Pereyra had done but his Companion Simon Pincham prevented him and after a desperate Fight in which he was almost lost obtained a Victory equal to that of Pereyra and falling upon the Rebels in their Works killed most of them so that the Flower of Candea fell this Day 6. At the end of May died at Columbo the lawful King of the whole Island of Ceylon D. Iohn Parea Pandar a Catholick and without Heirs King Philip was with the usual Solemnity immediately Proclaimed King of the whole Island and the Oath of Fidelity to him taken by all the Principal Men as being appointed Heir by the last Will of the Deceased 7. About this time came first into India the Scourge of the Portugues Pride and Covetousness for in the Month of September News was brought to Goa that the two first Holland Ships which durst cut those Seas had been in the Port of Titangone and were bound for the Island Sunda The Viceroy having held a Council about this Affair it was resolved to fit out a Squadron of two Galleons three Gallies and nine other Vessels and the Command of it was given to Laurence de Brito an ancient and experienced Captain deserving of greater Commands 8. Three Ships arrived
the Court of Peking he was throughly satisfied that China and Cathay where the same thing 30. Then ended the Year 1606. The 4th of these Travels now grown pleasing to B. Benedict for that he had compassed his end found his Order where it was least to be expected and could relieve them with what he had got by his Merchandize which amounted to 2500 Crowns and at that time was a considerable Treasure He gave advice of his arrival to F. Matthew at Peking and he sent B. Iohn Fernandez a Novice of the Converts to conduct him forward He arrived at Sucheâ—… the latter end of March 1607 and 11 Days after our Discoverer died not without suspicion of Poison given by the Moors to rob him as they did abusing Isaac and B. Fernandez who having buried the deceased went to Peking CHAP. VI. The Government of the Viceroy D. Martin Alfonso de Castro from the Year 1604 till 1607. 1. DON Martin Alfonso de Castro entring upon the Government gave some signs of being ambitious of Glory but Fortune was not favourable to him or as some say his own Humour was an impediment Therefore let us proceed with the Affairs of the Conquest of Pegu. 2. Ximilica King of Arracam considering his Son was Prisoner thought good to treat with Nicote and he to come to an agreement the better to make his advantage of the Profits of the Custom-House sent Advice of all to Goa and received Orders thence to return the Prince without any Ransom But Interest being his greatest aim neither Obedience to the Viceroy nor the Respect he owed that King whose Creature he was could prevail to hinder him from selling that Prince for 50000 Crowns pretending it was for the Charge of the Fleet the King had obliged him to fit out 3. The King of Arracam justly offended hereat set out a small Fleet against Siriam which was easily defeated but gave him occasion to enslave 100000 Christians and treat them with great rigour which nevertheless moved not many of them though but new Converts Afterwards he combines with the King of Tangu who Besieges the Town with a great Army by Land while he shuts it up by Sea with 800 Sail in which he had 10000 Men. Paul del Rego met him with 80 Ships and failing of the success he had formerly setting Fire to the Powder blew up himself and all that were with him rather than fall into the Hands of the Enemy The Siege continued so long till the besieged were ready to surrender when on a sudden upon some suspicion the King of Tangu quits the Field by night and he of Arracam found it to no purpose to lie longer upon the Sea 4. Some of the neighbouring Princes startled at this success of Nicote sought his Friendship and an Alliance with the King of Portugal The first that effected it was the King of Tangu Nicote marries his Son Simon to a Daughter of the King of Martavam thereby to strengthen himself and have the opportunity of gathering more Riches And being now desirous to rob the King of Tangu tho actually then in Peace with him to colour his wicked Design he pretends that King was overcome by him of Ova as indeed he was and made Tributary since the Treaty as if that could absolve him for breach of Faith In fine with the King of Martavam's assistance he fell upon took and robbed him of Tangu and returned with him and above a Million of Gold without hearkning to the Protestations he made of his continuing a faithful Vassal to the Crown of Portugal 5. Let us keep in mind these his unjust Proceedings and in its place we shall see them rewarded as they deserve for all these Particulars happened not at this time but it is anticipated to prevent too much dismembring the Relation of them Indeed it is to be admired a Christian Government should support such Unchristian Proceedings 6. It will be fit to return to the Affairs of the Moluco Islands The Hollanders were now strong in those Seas and well backed by the Islanders who tired out with our insatiable Avarice joined with those Rebels to expel us 7. The Hollanders about this time having forced us thence had possessed themselves of Amboina Gaspar de Melo commanded there whom absolute Necessity obliged to quit it yet being unjustly accused and in danger of suffering with Disgrace his Wife poisoned him A strange Government where notorious Criminals were not punished and an innocent Person was so Persecuted that she who loved him took away his Life least they should take away his Honour who had none of their own The Portugueses who were at Tidore since the loosing of Ternate seeing the King did not deliver them up to the Hollanders who demanded them and had nine Ships in the Harbour but that he was resolved to stand by them took such Courage that they withstood the continual Batteries of 120 Cannons which played on them without intermission 8. The King of Ternate sends a Fleet to assist the Hollanders and Landing batters the Fort on the other side All we had to oppose this Power was 10 or 12 pieces of Cannon and but a small number of Men able to bear Arms. After four days Battery the Enemy gives the Assault our Men encouraged by their Captain Peter Alvarez de Abreu with Sword in Hand bravely repulse them In the midst of their hopes that this defeat would oblige the Enemy to desist the Powder by some accident taking fire blew up the greatest part of the Fort and most of the Men so that the Enemy entred it when they least expected and our Men were forced to accept of some Vessels to go where they thought fit 9. About Four hundred Persons of all sorts were shipped and got to the Philippine Islands where D Peter de Cunna Commanded Neither was their Voyage without danger the enraged Sea being ready to swallow them but the Mercy of God brought them safe ashore by virtue of certain Reliques thrown into the Water by a Jesuit which laid the Storm and after their landing were brought and laid upon the Sand by a Fish 10. In February Cunna sailed from the Philippine Islands towards Ternate with One thousand Spaniards and Four hundred of the Natives He Besieged the Fort in which was the King himself and had above One hundred Cannons The Hollanders and Ternatenses thinking to surprize the Besiegers made a Sally and were so received by Iohn Rodriguez Camelo who commanded a Company of Portugueses that he not only beat them back but entred the Fort along with them So that when the Spanish Commander came up fearing some mischance might be occasioned by that heat Camelo met him at the Gate with the Keys of the Fort and Cunna to honour him for that Action put about his Neck a Gold Chain he had upon his own 11. The Ternatenses in the fright abandoned the City as they had done the Fort. The Spanish Commander losing no time drove the
such Monsters This base Man being lifted to that height the steps by which he ascended being Treachery and Ingratitude he now found it was no longer possible to support his Power without some considerable Succour 2. This Man who in his Prosperity forgot to submit himself to the Viceroy now seeing the probability of falling acquaints him with the Danger he is in He proposes like an absolute Prince That if the Viceroy will effectually support him he will become Tributary to Portugal with the acknowledgment of a Galleon loaden with Rice to be delivered Yearly at Goa or Malaca He urged all had been done by him was to revenge the Murder of the Portugueses slaughtered by the King of Arracam in Banguel of Dianga and to gain the Viceroy by the hope of Profit hinted that the vast Treasure of that King might be taken This last so blinded the Viceroy that in stead of abhorring the Villanies of that Wretch he resolved to assist him contrary to all Human and Divine Laws 3. For this Expedition the Viceroy fitted out 14 of the largest Galliots one Flyboat and a Pink and gave the Command of them to D. Francis de Meneses Roxo who had governed Ceylon He sailed from Goa about the middle of September well manned and equipped but not without much foreboding of an unfortunate Event for as the Viceroy only weighed the prospect of Gain the People considered the injustice of the Enterprize 4. On the 3d of October D. Francâ—… arrived at Arracam the chief Port and Residence of that King he had before sent a Galliot with Advice of his coming to Sebastian Gonzales at Sundiâ—…a His Instructions being opened before all the Captains they contained that he should enter that Kingdom without expecting Sebastian Gonzalez It was more reasonable that man should have been expected as who knew the Country and their manner of Fight besides the Forces he was to bring but God had decreed the Ruin of that vile Wretch and of that unjust Succour On the 15th of October they discovered coming down the River a Fleet so numerous they could not see the end of it The foremost was a Dutch Pink and many Hollanders commanded other Vessels All that could be discoverd appeared full of Men and well equipped an ill sight for 15 little Ships that expected them neither were they now 15 for one was gone to Sundiva the Pink was in pursuit of a Ship that fled and another was gone to fetch the Pink. 5. The Dutch Pink fired the first Gun and then the Fight began furiously our Galliots advancing without any dread of that vast Fleet. Four Galliots got before the others and in an instant their Captains and many Soldiers were killed yet the rest were no way dismayed and the other eight came up darkening the day with Smoak notwithstanding the repeated flashes of Fire Many of the Enemy were drowned oversetting their Vessels through haste to fly from us The Fight lasted from morning till evening when the Enemy drew off thinking some Relief was coming to us having discovered the Galliot that went to seek the Pink which they could not find We lost 25 Men of Note besides others 6. Next morning the Pink came up aboard him the wounded Men were carried and such as he had fit for Service taken out D. Francis resolved to lie at the mouth of the River till Sebastian Gonzalez came to joyn him and then again attack the Enemy At length Gonzalez came with 50 Sail well manned and equipped and hearing what was done railed against the Viceroy for giving such Orders and against D. Francis for obeying them About the middle of November they sailed up the River discovered the Enemies vast Fleet riding in a safe Place and resolved to attack it D. Francis took half Gonzalez his Ships and gave him half those he brought so they made two equal Squadrons They divided themselves and fell on on both sides firing upon those Vessels they could reach but none of them advanced The King from the Shore encouraged his Men causing the Heads of some that fled to be set upon Spears for a Terror to the rest 7. Scarce had our Men time to breath when a great part of that vast Fleet came down upon them divided into 3 Squadrons This was at Noon when the heat of the Sun scorched Sebastian Gonzalez put to flight those that attacked him our Pink did as much with the Hollander D. Francis received and did much harm The Advantage was visible on our side till about Sun-setting our Admiral D. Francis was killed by two Musket-Balls one in the Forehead the other in the left Eye A Signal given on Board his Galliot caused Sebastian Gonzalez to cease â—…ollowing his good Fortune and the Tide ebbing the Fleets parted but Gaspar de Abren's Galeot being left among the Enemy all her Men were slain and the Vessel torn in pieces yet Abreu was brought off by Antony Carvallo mortally wounded and lived some days after 8. Our Fleet being come back to the mouth of the River care was taken of the Wounded and above 200 Dead were buried in the Sea The Body of D. Francis was embalmed D. Luis de Azevedo the Vice-Admiral succeeded in the Command They all sailed over to Sundiva and D. Luis with his Squadron thence to Goa notwithstanding Sebastian Gonzales for his own security laboured all he could to keep him there Not long after the King of Arracam falling upon him in his Island took it and reduced him to his former miserable condition so his Sovereignty passed like a Shadow his Pride was humbled and his Villanies punished Our Fleet on their return burnt some Ships of the Moors laden with Provisions upon the Coast of Paliacate and St. Thomas But Iohn Gomez Paez fighting with others had his Galliot blown up and few Men were saved CHAP. VIII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo this same Year 1615 and that of 1616. 1. THE Viceroy fitted out the Squadron for the North which consisted of 12 Ships and as many small Vessels in which were at least 20 Gentlemen of Quality whom the Portugueses call Fidalgos that served as Voluntiers The Admiral was Ruy Freyre de Andrade 2. This Fleet set out about the end of October Ruy Freyre by the way visited the Northern Forts At Balcar beyond Surat he sent out the Fleet for Cambaya under the Convoy of two Ships giving Advice to the Commander to send away that which was there As soon as Ruy Freyre came to Suratte Nababo who commanded there for the Mogol sent him two Vessels loaded as he said with fresh Provisions but they were costly Curiosities and Silks Ruy Freyre to receive this Message called all the Captains aboard his Galliot and before them viewed and commended the Present That done he took only one Piece assuring the Messenger All must be returned but that he should be as ready to serve his Master as if he had received the whole Present Nababo
Granadoes in her hands and they returned with shame 11. N. Barreto a Fidalgo 16 Years of Age killed his Father for which his Head was cut off so Justice was done where there never was any The Mercers of Goa esteemed more Honorable than the Goldsmiths would not allow them to use a sort of Umbrello with an Ornament on the top and middle of it A Goldsmith went abroad with such an Umbrello the Mercers broke it and beat him The other Goldsmiths coming to assist their Brother there ensued a Fray in which much Blood was spilt and much Plunder got though no victory for the Algnaâ—…es or Officers robbed the Shops of those who were fighting 12. On the 11th of November appeared a Comet in the East and another on the 24th They were seen at four in the morning both under the Sign Scorpio The first extended towards the South in the form of a Palm the other toward the North and was like a Flower-pot The latter lasted till the beginning of Ianuary the other till the 20th of December 13. The first time the King of Arracam went to the City Chatigam after the Portugueses inhabited there they presented him a Bough thick set with Figs he offered it to his white Elephant so coveted by all the Eastern Princes to eat but he would not though the King prayed him to take it for the King of Ova the Mogol and his own sake But scarce did he desire him to eat it for the King of Portugal when the Elephant joyfully snatched it in his Trunk The King in a Passion caused him to be deprived of all his Ornaments as a Golden Dish on which he fed Gold Chain by which they led him and the like The Beast for Grief would not eat and the King for fear it should die was forced to restore its Furniture 14. At this time died at Bengala that Moor so famous for his Age being above 300 Years old when Nunno de Cunna took Diu which was 60 Years before this time and he seemed now but 60 Years of Age. It was reported there were others 200 Years old thereabouts but upon enquiry none appeared Only one Woman was found about 100 Years of Age and had married that same Year having before buried seven Husbands Thus much for the Year 1618 now for that of 1619 which is no less wonderful 15. Upon one of the three Hills that overlook Goa stood a large wooden Cross on which very many of the Inhabitants of that City the 23th Day of February saw the perfect Figure of a Man Crucified The Archbishop having examined the Truth of it took it down and of it made a small one two spans in length with a Crucifix of Ivory upon and a Glory of Gold round The remaining Pieces were distributed to the Churches and Persons of Quality Ten Days after the Cross was taken down Water gushed from the hole where it had been fixed in which Cloaths being dipped wrought many miraculous Cures On the Place where the Cross stood was built a Church 16. It was debated in an Assembly of the principal Clergy whether the Threads the Bramenes hang across their Shoulders were a Heathenish Superstition or only a mark of Nobility after some time it was concluded in favour of the latter as only a distinction of Honour The reason of examining this Point was because many of the Bramenes refused to embrace the Faith only for that they were obliged as soon as Christians to leave off those Threads 17. D. F. Christopher the Archbishop said the first Mass in his Cathedral at Goa which was finished this Year and is not inferior in Grandure to many of the European Churches of Fame It was dedicated to St. Catherine on whose Day that City was taken 18. There happened a great Dearth and Famine which destroyed many People In only the little Island of Bardes almost 400 died There was a wonderful Eclipse of the Sun most visible at Moçambique soon after noon the day becoming quite dark the space of two hours This caused great Admiration as did another of the Moon at Goa 19. In the Province of Peking in China it rained not for a whole Year In that of Xantung the Famin was such Men eat one another Two Women were executed for eating eleven Children In that of Nanking was a Plague of Mice Two Parts in five of the King's Palace were burnt and five Towers were blown down in the City Two Suns were seen together the one eclipsing the other A Man entred the Palace to kill the Prince In the Province of Xangsi appeared a Man cloathed in yellow with a green Cap and Fan of Feathers who said Vambie that was the King's Name does not govern he has reigned long is always asleep the Kingdom going to Ruine the People starves the Captains are slain This said he vanished and though all means were used to find him he could never be heard of 20. That there might be somewhat extraordinary in the Viceroy he died on the 10th of November of a swelling upon his Back as big as the Crown of a Hat so black and monstrous it frighted not only the ignorant but the ablest Physicians 21. The Viceroy was buried in the Church of the King 's a League down the River the usual Burial Place of those who die in that Command as his Father did who is there interred He was not of a very piercing Judgment but positive of Stature tall well shaped neither white nor swarthy Of Viceroys he was the 23th of Governors 43th the 4th of the Name and 3d of the Sirname CHAP. XVIII Of the Governour Ferdinand de Albuquerque from the Year 1619 till 1622. 1. THE first Patent of Succession being opened there was found named Ferdinand de Albuquerque a Gentleman 70 Years of Age 40 whereof he had been married and an Inhabitant of Goa and consequently well versed in the Affairs of India But having lived long at ease was become slow in Business which suited not with the pressing Occasions of that time 2. The King of Porca always ill affected to the Portugueses this Year embraced our Friendship with great Demonstrations of Sincerity and Affection 3. The Arache D. Luis who became a Christian only to gain the better Opportunity of raising new Troubles now disturbed the Peace of Iafanapatan He stirred up the People to Enthrone a Prince at Remancor and marched with 30000 Men towards our Men who were fortified in a Pagod Philip de Oliveyra had but 30 Men having sent the rest to Ceylon as fearing no Insurrection With those 30 he withstood all that number of Enemies who first attacked the Church of our Lady in which were 30 other Portugueses and then the Pagod where Oliveyra was and were at both Places repulsed with Loss Oliveyra held it out a Month till Relief came from Ceylon Andrew Coello brought Succors by Water and Luis Teyxeyra 1600 Men by Land The latter entring the Kingdom did many Actions barbarous and inhuman He
clove Men with Axes like Trees opened the Wombs of Women and put in their Children snatched from their Arms. These are impieties unworthy a Christian yet sometimes excused in War 4. Oliveyra finding himself thus strong took the Field slew a multitude of the Enemies and gave them a total overthrow Scarce had they breathed after this Victory when the Prince of Remancor appeared with his Army but Teyxera suddenly falling upon him made such havock he was glad to cast himself at Teyxeyra's feet who received him with great Courtesie They returned to give Thanks for this Victory in Our Lady's Church where the Religious at the Door offering Oliveyra a Palm he said it was due to Teyxeyra and caused it to be given to him Both deserved but he doubly who refused once for conquering his Enemies another for overcoming himself in not accepting it A wonderful Victory in our Age. 5. The Arache D. Luis escaped his Wife and Children were taken she in despair slew her self whilst he perswaded the Nayque of Tanjaor he might make himself King of Iafanapatan He raised 2000 Badagaes and gave the Command of them to Chem Nayque that King of the Carcas who not long before assisted Chingali Oliveyra was strong in Our Lady's Church but in November met the Enemy The fight being desperate with some loss on our side he advanced to encourage the Men the Enemy knowing him seven of them attack him and one of them struck a Spear through his Mouth out at his Throat yet he recovering killed two of them the others fled 6. The Enemy retired to their Trenches Oliveyra being reinforced by 1000 Men from Ceylon assaults them kills many and took many more yet after all he ransomed 1500 taken by the Chingalaes and set them at Liberty The Nayque still coveting that Crown raised more Badagaes Oliveyra sent three Captains with their Companies to suppress him they slew so many without losing one Man that being weary of killing they returned with 1000 Heads 7. The Prince Son to the late King of Iafanapatan who had escaped the Tyranny of Chingali being in the Hands of the Franciscans was baptized together with his Mother and many Nobles and Commoners and at last making over his Claim to that Kingdom to the King of Portugal took the Habit of that Order by the Name of F. Constantine of Christ. 8. Chingali who was taken some time before was sent to Goa with his Wife there condemned to Death and being first converted to the Faith made a most happy end His Wife following the Example given by him was baptized by the Name of Margaret of Austria and retiring to the House of the Converts in that City led a Life that may be an Example to all ancient Christians 9. I think I have not specified the cause of these Troubles which was thus Para Raja Cheygra Pandara made Governor and King of Iafanapatan when Andrew Furtado slew the former King wore that Crown 28 Years and hoping the Viceroy would confirm his Choice named a Son of the deceased to succeed him who being but 7 Years of Age he ordered his Brother Areaquerari Pandara should govern till he was of Age him Changali Cumara murdered to usurp the Crown After that he slew many others whereupon the People mutinying reduced him to great Streights till being succoured by a number of Badagaes raised by the Nayque of Tangaor and commanded by the King of the Carcas they came to a Battel wherein Changali being victorious secured the Crown for some time This Tyrant not content that the Portugueses winked at his bad Title refused to pay them the usual Tribute which was the Cause why Oliveyra fell upon and took him as has been related 10. Abas Xa King of Persia being bent upon possessing himself of the Island and Kingdom of Ormus Camberbeque Cam of Lara began to undertake it on pretence an ancient Tribute was not paid him which he never had since Alfonso de Albuquerque entred that Place He hindred the Trade and secured several Portugues Merchants and seeing we did not agree with him about the Trade of his Silks he settled it with Iames King of England concluding a League with him for the taking of Ormuz Ray Freyre de Andrade who came the Year before from Lisbon with 5 Galleons to cruize on that Sea sent to Goa for Succour but could not obtain it tho' he only desired 4 small Vessels 11. Nevertheless Freyre fights the English and worsts them The Arabs joining with the Persians had taken Iulfar and Dola which caused great scarcity of Water at Ormuz where there is none but what is brought from abroad Freyre went over to forward the building a new Fort at Queixome and by his Absence the Fleet before weak was much impaired Then came two Galleons from Goa commanded by D. Emanuel de Azevedo and D. Iohn de Silveyra an Enemy to Freyre they were ill manned and scarce of Ammunitions and brought Instructions that curbed the Power of the Admiral 12. Being now strong at Quixome he scoured that Coast where were burnt 400 Sail and the Towns of Boami Camir Congâ—… Astan and Doçar at Niquilay he took and destroyed four Ships and above 80 great Barques The Persians assisted by the English furiously batter'd the Fort at Queixome yet Freyre carried on his Work and assisted the Arabs that continued firm to us When Freyre was somewhat streightned the two Captains that came with the Galleons to his assistance from Goa left him 13. This Year sailed from Lisbon for India 4 Ships under the Command of Nunno Alvarez Botello There came also two Pinks one for Malaca the other for Moçambiqus and two Ships more under Iacome de Morales Sarmiento who was to be General at Moçambique during the War about the Mines of Monomotapa as if he were like to last as long as the War 14. The Ships that came from Portugal under the Command of Botello returned the next Year and with them two more built at Goa with the Men and Loadings of two others one left in India as unfit for the Voyage the other lost at Mombaça In one of these two Ships called the Conception was a Hermit who whilst they Winter'd at St. Helena stole away and being asked why he left the Company said He had rather stay in that desert Island than to go see the Misfortune that Ship would soon fall into Being come to the Island Tercera they found Orders there to make the Lat. of 39 Deg. where they would find D. Antony de Ataide Admiral of Portugal They obeyed but missing of him one Morning at the Mouth of Tagus they met 15 or 16 Sail of Turks Our Ship was ill manned had but few Guns and her Steeridge full of Bails 15. The Turks having powred in their broad-sides boarded the Ship killing 20 Portugueses of 140 that were in her most of them sick yet the Enemy receiving great damage entred with 400 Men who were all slain save 8 or 9 that
home 1434 5. Next Year set out two Ships which advanced 12 leagues farther fought with some of the Natives and brought home Skins of Sea-Wolves 1435 6. Two Ships touched at the place where the former killed the Sea-Wolves fought with the Natives and brought some Prisoners to Portugal 1440 7. Anthony Gonzalez with one Ship discovered the River he called Del Oro or of Gold because he found somethere and brought the first Blacks to Portugal Year 1442 8. Nunno Tristan discovered the Islands of Arguim and that of Garcas 1443 9. A Company being erected to carry on these Discoveries one Lancelote sailed with 6 Ships discovered the Island Nar and others 1444 10. Gonzalo de Sintra with one Ship passed 14 leagues beyond Rio del Oro 1445 11. Antony Gonzalez went with 3 Ships to Trade at Rio del Oro. 1446 12. Nunno Tristan with one Ship went to Rio del Oro. 1446 13. Dinis Fernandez with one Ship reached to the River Sanaga and discovered the Islands of Cabo Verde 1446 14. Antony Gonzalez with 3 Ships sailed as far as the Islands of Arguim 1447 15. The same Year set out first 3 Ships which went no farther than the Islands of Arguim Then 14 Sail after them 3 more Then another Squadron the number of Vessels not known but they carried 2600 Men to conquer the Canary Islands After this another Squadron no number of Ships known Then Nunno Tristan with one Ship who went as far as Rio Grande and was there killed And last Alvaro Fernandez who passed 40 leagues beyond Rio Grande to the River Tabite All these set out in one Year 1447 16. Giles Yanâ—…z with 10 Caravels went no further than what was before discovered Iames Gil Homem with one Ship passed beyond Cape Gue and brought the first Lion from those Parts to Lisbon Ferdinand Alonso with one Ship went Ambassador to the King of Cabo Verde Gonzalo Vello with one Ship discovered the Islands Azores All these the same Year Year 1448 17. Suero Mendez with one Ship went to build a Fort at Arguim which was the first erected in those Conquests 1449 18. Antony de Nole with 3 Ships discovered the Islands Mayo and St. Philip and St. Iacob 1460 19. Peter de Sintra with 2 Ships sailed as far as Sierra Leona 1467 20. Iohn de Santarâ—…m with two Ships went as far as Cape St. Catherine Ferdinand Po with one Ship discovered the Island Hermosa there were also other Discoveries but the Discoverers are not known 1469 21. Iames de Azambuja with 12 Sail and 600 Men built a Fort in Guinea from which time the King styled himself Lord of Guinea 1481 22. Iames Cam with one Ship discovered the River of Congo or Zayre 1484 23. Iames Cam setting out again with one Ship ran 200 Leagues farther discovering the Kingdom of Beni and Empire of Ogane 1485 24. Bartholomew Dias with 3 Ships discovered the Bay called Angra de los Vaqueros the Island De la Cruz the River Del Infante and Cape he called Tormentoso but King Iohn the Second named it Cape of Good Hope Year 1486 25. Gonçalo Coello went to assist the Prince of Ialof the number of his Ships not known Peter Vaz de Cuna sent to the River Zanaga with 20 Sail. 1488 26. Gonzalo de Sousa sailed with 3 Ships to Congo 1489 27. Vasco de Gama with 3 Sail discovered India 1493 28. Peter Alvarez Cabral sailed for India with 13 Vessels whereof 5 were cast away one put back to Lisbon and another accidentally discovered Brasil being drove thither by a Storm 1500 29. Iohn de Nova with 4 Ships one of them discovered the Islands Conceiçam and St. Helena 1501 30. D. Vasco de Gama the first Discoverer returns again to India with 9 Sail. 1501 31. Vincent Sodre commanded 5 Sail bound for India as are all that follow so that it will be needless to repeat it two of these were lost 1502 32. Stephen de Gama with 5 Sail. After him Alfonso de Albuquerque with three then Francis de Albuquerque with three Antony de Saldana with three two of this number were lost one found the Island Zocotora 1503 33. Lope Soarez de Albergaria with 13 Sail. 1504 34. D. Francis de Almeyda first Viceroy of India with 20 Sail one was cast away Peter de Anaya with 6 Sail two of them perished Sebastian Barâ—…uda or Cyd Barbosa with 2 Sail. Year 1505 35. Tristan de Cunna with 16 Sail who discovered the Islands to which he gave his own Name one of these Ships was cast away Alfonso de Albuâ—…erque with 6. 1506 36. George de Melo with 4 Sail. Ferdinand Suarez with 4. Vasco Gomez de Abreu with 7. 1507 37. Iames Lopez de Sequeyra with four Sail. 1508 38. George de Aguiar with 13 Sail three of them were cast away D. Francis Coutinno with 17. 1509 39. Iames Mendez de Vasconcelos with 4 Sail. Gonçalo de Sequeyra with 7 one of them was lost Iohn Serram with 3. 1510 40. D. Garcia de Noronna with 6 Sail. 1511 41. George de Melo with 9 Sail one cast away Garcia de Sousa with 4. Iohn Chanoca with one Ship 1512 42. Iohn de Sousa Lima with 4 Sail two of them cast away 1513 43. George or Christopher de Brito with 5 Sail one cast away Luis Figueyra with two 1514 44. Lope Suarez de Albergaria with 17 Sail. Fernan Perez de Andrade with 3. 1515 45. Iohn de Silva or Silveyra with 5 Sail two of them cast away Iames de Unnos or Unes with only one 1516 46. Antony de Saldanna with 6 Sail. 1517 47. Iames Lopez de Sequeyra with 12 Sail. 1518 48. George de Albuguerque with 14 Sail one of them cast away the Captain ran away with another Raphael Castano with 3. Year 1519 49. George de Brito with 10 Sail. 1520 50. D. Duarte de Meneses with 12 Sail. Sebastian de Sousa with 3. 1521 51. D. Peter de Castro with 4 Sail one of them lost 1522 52. Iames de Silveyra with 9 Sail one cast away 1523 53. D. Vasco de Gama with 17 Sail 3 cast away 1524 54. D. Lope de Almeyda with 4 Sail. 1525 55. Christopher de Vega with 5 Sail. 1526 56. Emanuel de Lacerda with 5 Sail two were lost 1527 57. Nunno de Cunna with 11 Sail three lost 1528 58. Iames de Silveyra with 5 Sail. 1529 59. Francis de Sousa Tavarez with 6 Sail. 1530 60. Achilles Godinno with 5 Sail. 1531 61. Peter Vaz with 5 Sail. 1532 62. D. Iohn Pereyra with 7 Sail one cast away D. Peter de Castellobranco with 10 Sail. 1533 63. Martin Alfonso de Sousa with 5 Sail. 1534 64. Fernan Perez de Andrade with 7 Sail. 1535 65. George de Lima with 5 Sail. 1536 66. George Cabral with 5 Sail. D. Laurence de Silva with 6. 1537 67. Iames Lopez de Sousa with 8 Sail. Year 1537 68. D. Garcia de Noronna with 11 Sail one lost 1538 69. Iames oâ—… Peter
there the first day of that Month. Next day he saw the other two which he named St. Philip and St. Iacob The names of those not yet mentioned are Fuego Brava Boavista Sal St. Nicholas St. Lucy St. Vincent St. Antony in all ten They are commonly called of Cape Verde for that they lie 100 Leagues to the Westward of it Pedro de Cintra and Suero de Costa went as far as Sierra Leona 2. So great were the hopes of the Guinea Trade and the returns stirred up covetousness so that the King farmed this Trade to Fernando Gomez for 500 Ducats a small sum in comparison of their present greatness He was obliged to continue the discoveries 500 Leagues farther in five years He fortunately discovered the Trade of Oro de la Mina or the Gold of the Mine by Iohn de Santaren and Peter de Escobar They went as far as Cape St. Catharine 37 Leagues beyond Cape Lope Gonzales in two Degrees and half of South Latitude For this discovery was added to him the Sirname of Mina and he was made Noble Ferdinand Po discovered the Island which he called Hermosa or Beautiful which name it changed for the Discoverers The last discovery during the reign of King Alonso was that of Cape St. Catharine so called because discovered on her day There were other discoveries before this as the Coast from whence was brought the first Cochinilla which the Italians knowing the Value but not the Name call Grana del Paraiso or Scarlet of Paradise they had it from the Moors of this part of Guinea who crossing the Country Mandinga and Deserts of Libia brought it to the Port Mundibarca in the Mediterranean Now were found the Islands St. Thomas Anno Bueno and Principe all neglected the King being wholy bent upon Africk How little these places were minded may appear by this that a Spanish Fleet commanded by Garcia de Loaysa Knight of Malta arriving at the Maluco Islands the year 1525. he found there were Portugueses there before it was known in Portugal and found in two degrees of South Latitude the Island of St. Mathew not inhabited but with footsteps of the Portugues several Fruit-trees and tame Cattle carved on the Bark of a Tree that our men had been there 87 years before and the French Motto of Prince Henry Talent de bien Faire It was the custom of those Sailers to leave this Motto in all places where they landed CHAP. III. Discoveries and Conquests under King John the Second from the Tear 1481. till the Tear 1495. 1. KING Iohn the Second who succeeded his Father Alonso considering the Riches of the Countries discovered encreased his Revenue and finding the Natives inclined to receive the Faith ordered a Fort to be raised in that part where was the Trade of Gold called Mina To this end he fitted out twelve Vessels laden with all Materials for the Work from the Stones of the Foundation to the Tiles with Provisions for 600 Men 500 of them Souldiers the rest Workmen The Commander was Iames de Azambuja At his arrival he confirmed the Peace some time before concluded with that People He acquainted the Prince of it called Camaransa with his arrival and intention He landed to take possession and set up the Portugal Colours upon a Tree at the Foot of it he made an Altar and caused to be celebrated the first Mass that had been in those parts He prepared himself to receive the Black King who came attended with many of his Subjects naked save that from their Waste downward hung Monkies Skins or covering made of Palm-leaves All armed some with Shields and Javelins others Bows and Arrows some had Skins for Helmets in such manner they appeared more ridiculous than terrible The Prince's Legs and Arms were covered with plates of Gold on his Neck a Chain with many small Bells and Tags to his Beard Before him went a great number of Instruments more noisie than harmonious all that were known were Tabors Horns and Bells He met the Captain with a grave and pleasing Countenance the Captain received him with Gravity and Magnificence The Black took his hand in token of Peace the same the chief Men about him After the Ceremonies different in the Nations but all vain and impertinent Azambuja laid open his Kings design which was first to instruct him in the Christian Faith and conceal our Covetousness asking leave to build a House for our Men to live in which was to be a Fort to offend them upon occasion I do not pretend to persuade the World our only design was to Preach on condition it be believed it was not only to Trade 2. The Portuges Captain was heard with wonderful attention and the proposal of Religion admitted but that of the House or Fort rejected for they are Barbarians in our conceit but not for their own Interests Azambuja pressed and Caramansa yielded and retired The Workmen began to break a Rock for the Work and the Blacks who adored it taking that as an Affront drove them away Azambuja took the wisest course and running to them pacified them with many Gifts not of value but such as pleased The Fort finished was called St. George for the particular devotion the King had to that Saint As it encreased it gained the name and priviledge of a City Azambuja remained there with 60 men and sent back the Fleet laden with Gold He held that Government three years he gave it up with Honour a thing rare among the Portugueses and was honourably rewarded 3. The King began to take the Title of Lord of Guinea The Custom till now had been to set up Wooden Crosses in all the new Discoveries the King ordered for the future to carry them of Stone with the Kings and Captains Names the Time when by whom and by whose Order erected The first of these was Iames Cam who passing Cape Catharine the last of King Alonso's discoveries came to the River Congo in the Kingdom of the same Name by the Inhabitants called Zagre He went up the River and saw on both sides Blacks but were not understood by those he carried with him By signs he found they had a King and that he resided far off He sent him Presents the most powerful Arguments of Embassadors but finding the Men that carried them stay long he set sail bringing some Blacks home with him King Iohn was well pleased to see them and dispatched again the same Iames Cam sending back with him the Blacks joyful with many Presents he gave them but above all with the recovery of their Liberty The first part of his Instructions was the Conversion of those Infidels At his arrival he restored those Blacks to their Prince and received the Men he left behind with mutual admiration Following on the Discovery he ran 20 Leagues farther setting up the Cross he called St. Augustin in 13 degrees of South Latitude and another in 22. At his return to Congo having seen the King he
Cambaya Albuquerque rejoyced more than at his Victories to see his Nephew Don Garcia with that Command the great succour he and Melo brought the Captives released and all things concurring to further his designs His satisfaction was increased by the arrival of Antony de Sadanna with the Garrison of Quiloa which Place being of small importance they had quitted At the same time came an Embassador from the King of Persia and one from him of Ormuz to go to Portugal Albuquerque ordered the affairs of Cochin to pass to Goa and by the way left George de Melo in the Fort of Cananor 4. He was received at Goa as a publick Father and being informed of the past as well as present posture of Affairs he visited the Fortifications and studied how to drive Rotzomo Cam from his Works The sixth day from his arrival being on an eminence with some Gentlemen viewing 4000 Moors and 200 Horse who diverted themselves in the Field it being Friday which is their Sabbath he could not hinder our men from rushing upon them and driving them up to their Fortifications where was a hot Skirmish and our men victorious with some Booty having killed above 100 and lost one Captain and another man and some wounded 5. Albuquerque resolving to take that Fortress from the Enemy gave the assault by Land and Sea and thinking it was not vigorously carried on by Sea he leaped into a Boat and came so near that a Cannon Ball killed a Canara that steered the Vessels dashing his Brains and Blood on his Beard This so inflamed him that he promised a reward to any that should break that Cannon and immediately one of our Gunners directed a Ball into the Mouth of it wherewith it flew in pieces and killed the Canonier This made way for our men to come up the River and lay the siege closer when Zufolari appearing on the Continent with 7000 men coming to the relief of it but finding nothing could be done he retired with some loss sustained by our Cannon Albuquerque set down before the place with 4000 men whereof 3000 were Portugueses in two Bodies one Commanded by himself the other by his Nephew Don Garcia de Noronha At first we received some damage but afterwards did so much that Rotzomo Cam surrendred upon condition to leave the Fort with all the Cannon and Ammunition and deliver all the Slaves and Renegadoes which last Albuquerque punished by cutting off their Noses Ears Right Hands and Thumbs of the Left and sending them so maimed to Portugal One of these was Ferdinando Lopez who to do Pennance for his Sins voluntarily staid with a Black in the Island St. Helena where he was afterward serviceable to some Ships and began to sow that Island Albuquerque endeavoured to bring Rotzomo Cam over to the Portugues Service but succeeded not But this his Fortune terrified many Princes The King of Calicut concluded a Treaty with Don Garcia de Noronha whom his Uncle had sent to Cochin to take charge of Affairs there Those of Narsinga and Bisa Hidalcam and others sent Embassadors to all which he answered extolling the value of the Portugueses Amity and the terror of their Arms and being dispatched sent after them Messengers of his own to inform those Princes and gain intelligence of them Now arrived at Goa Mathew Embassador from Prester Iohn in order to go to Portugal he brought with him a piece of the Holy Cross and Letters from Queen Helena who Governed that Kingdom during the minority of her Son David The design of this Embassie was to settle Amity with our King and ask Aid against the Moors who ever infested that Empire The Embassador said that at his Masters Court there were then three Portugueses one called Iohn who stiled himself Embassador of the King of Portugal and two who said they had been lately set ashoar at Cape Guardafu to discover the Country These were Iohn Gomez and Iohn Sanchez set ashoar there by Order of Albuquerque himself with a Moor for that discovery 7. Finding the Affairs of Goa in so good a posture he resolved to put in execution an Enterprize he had been charged with by King Emanuel This was the Conquest of the City Aden He fitted 20 Ships without acquainting any body with the design When ready to sail he acquainted the Captains with his intentions The number of the men was 1700 Portugueses and 800 Canaras and Malabars They set sail the 18th of February and arrived safe at Aden Miramirzan Governour of the Town sent to complement Albuquerque and a Present of Provision Several Messages passing and no hopes of a surrender appearing it was resolved to give the assault 8. The City Aden is seated on the Coast of Arabia Felix near the Mouth of the Red Sea called by Ptolomy Modocan Over it appears the Mountain Arzira all a barren Rock in many Cliffs The Town from the Sea looks beautiful and strong It is rich and famous for the great resort thither of many Nations The Soil so scarce of Water that it has only a few Wells and Cisterns Even from the Clouds it is scarce watered above once in two or three years whence it is void of all Trees Plants and Orchards the delight and pleasure of other Towns 9. Albuquerque found the Enterprize was more difficult than it had been represented On Easter-Eve in the Morning our men landed with Scaling Ladders this being thought the proper method for gaining the place It was doubtful who first mounted the Wall but several being already upon it the Ladders overburdened with the multitude that pressed to get up broke several times so that there was no hope of relieving those who had gained the top and stood in great danger and Albuquerque was forced to order them down making one out of the broken Ladders some fighting while the others came off After four hours engagement they retired with great danger and loss more sustained by the accident than the Enemy George Silveyra and five men were killed some died after of their wounds and some with the fall from the Wall 10. Albuquerque complying with his ill fortune and the persuasions of his Captains and to save time resolved to give over that attempt and sail towards the Mouth of the Red Sea But first they took a Bulwark that guarded the Port where many Moors were killed and 37 great pieces of Cannon found The Ships were all first plundered and then burnt The fourth day after their arrival they sailed out of this Port and arrived at the Mouth of the Red Sea next the Coast of Arabia which was much celebrated with great signs of Joy by Albuquerque as being the first of our Nation that had entred those Seas CHAP. VIII A Continuation of the Conquests of the Year 1513 the Reign of King Emanuel and Government of Alfonso de Albuquerque 1. THE Form of the Red Sea is not unlike to that of a Crocodile the Mouth of it is the place answerable to the narrow
The Victors cruelly run hewing those that had any Life left them which moved one to set fire to a quantity of Powder that was in one of the Queens Tents and blew up all that were about it 9. The King overjoyed that D. Christopher was taken caused him to be brought to his presence and said What would you have done with me had I been defeated He Answered I would cut off your Head and divide your Body and the Limbs should be set up in Publick places for a Terrour to other Tyrants The King caused him to be buffeted with his Slaves Buskins his Body to be bathed in melted Wax and his Beard wove with waxed Threads which were fired and he led through the Army Being brought back the King himself cut off his Head his Body was quartered and set upon Poles It is said Where the Head fell there gushed out a Spring the Water whereof drank cured many Diseases The same hour the Air being calm a Tree was tore out by the Roots in the Garden of certain Religious Men and afterwards the same Hour the Emperour having vanquished this Tyrant caused his Head to be struck off the Tree that was then dry re-planted it self in the same place and was covered with Leaves 10. Most of the Portugueses that were taken perished in Slavery or Dungeons Alfonso Chaldeira with Thirty followed the Queen Emanuel de Cuna with Forty got to Barnagasso and was well received Others followed the Patriarch they made up in all One hundred and thirty Whereof Ninety because Cuna with his Forty Men were too far off went to the Emperour who then drew near and very much lamented the slaughter of that Body and loss of such a Commander What those Portugueses did in the Service of that Prince afterwards does not belong to this place because the Affairs of India whence we have made a long digression call upon us CHAP. X. The End of the Government of D. Stephen de Gama 1. THe Governour D. Stephen perceiving the Ships from Portugal stayed long and guessing they were at Mozambique resolved to make use of the Merchandize they brought To this purpose he sent Luis de Mendez to Vasconcelos in a Galley to give Orders about it and to Advertize him Whether a Successor was sent him in those Ships He guessed not ill for Martin Alfonso de Sousa sent to succeed him with five Ships was detained at Mozambique by the Weather and a tedious Sickness 2. This Fleet was happy in that it brought over to India one of the first Fathers of the Society of Iesus as well in respect of Time as that he was one of the Chief in Piety and Virtue This was the Famous St. Francis Xaverius who laboured much and was very successful in converting those Infidels 3. St. Francis was the first that had in the East the Dignity of Apostolick Legate in all Asia But because we shall hereafter have occasion to touch upon his great Virtues and wonderful Actions let this suffice here as to the time of his coming 4. Most of them that enter upon the Government of India look upon it as no small happiness if they can send off their Predecessor with Disgrace and therefore endeavour to come upon them by way of surprize Martin Alfonso desiring to compass that commanded Leuis Mendez not to acquaint D. Stephen that he had found him at Mozambique But Mendez who was D. Stephens Kinsman and resolved to do his Duty sent a man to carry him Advice Martin Alfonso heard of it and imprisoned him He met with bad Weather in his Way to Goa and light upon Iames Suarez de Melo called the Gallego who flying a Sentence of Death he had incurred was passed to India and with 120 Men in two Vessels was become a Pyrat Him Martin Alfonso received and pardoned because he pretended he could say much against D. Stephen Much he might have said that was honourable very little to his Discredit What ought to have procured him severer Punishment was the cause of his favourable Reception Let us remember this Suarez endeavouring to Rise more than was due to him by these hellish Contrivances and we shall hereafter see him rise to the highest pitch and then cast down to the depth of Misery 5. Martin Alfonso de Sousa being come to an Anchor in the Port of Goa sent Advice of his Arrival to D. Stephen at a very unseasonable Hour being the dead of Night and that in such manner as well signified the Ill-will he bore him Which obliged D. Stephen to send an Answer unworthy of them both and to make him a very uneasie Visit when he resigned up the Government to him Martin Alfonso sound nothing to lay to the Charge of D. Stephen as those desired who set him upon it for he being a Gentleman of much Honour could never desire it of himself 6. But whereas he ought to have checked himself finding nothing against him he grew the more obstinate For it is Natural to men in the wrong to persist and believe they take Wing when they are deepest stuck in the Mire He vented his Malice in allowing him the worst Conveniences for his Voyage and D. Stephen was so disgusted at these Proceedings that he never saw his Face after he resigned the Sword to him At length he Arrived in Portugal for his Enemies had no power on the Seas and Winds and was received with general Joy of the Court and with Favour by the King who offering him a Wife he refused her and thereupon as others for Accepting was put out of Favour He obtained leave and went to live at Venice for Portugal was always ready to despise or banish Great Men. The Emperour Charles the Fifth persuaded him to return to his Country assuring him of his Prince's Favour He returned and found none for Princes are more fixed in punishing a little omitted to please than in rewarding much done to serve them 7. This is what D. Stephen did in India this the Reward he had for Governing it well He was of a middle Stature thick and strong a thick Beard and black Hair his Complexion ruddy He was very Liberal and not a little Positive but not without cause A great Horseman In the number of Governours the Twelfth first of the Name second of the Sirname and held it two years and a Month. He made an Inventory of what he was worth when he entred upon the Government and so when he left it and was found 40000 Crowns the worse the full Value having been 200000. On his Tomb is only this Epitaph HE THAT MADE KNIGHTS ON MOUNT SINAI ENDED HERE So much did he value the Honour of that Action and not without Reason CHAP. XI The Government of Martin Alfonso de Sousa from the Year 1542 till the Year 1545 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. THis Chapter must begin with what hapned in the time of both Governours one ending and the other commencing Homaum Paxa King of
against those Confederates since they could not be brought to a Peace 2. The Weather being seasonable the King of Pimienta took the Field at Bardela wth 10000 Nayres the King of Cochin did the same with his Men and 600 Portugueses Commanded by the rash Francis de Sylva Captain of that Fort. The Armies being drawn up in sight the King of Pimienta at the Request of Sylva gave him a Meeting between them Sylva pressed for an Accommodation which the King condescending to upon reasonable Terms was broke off by our Captain who having more natural Strength than natural Reason acted more like a Brute than a Man The Armies charged each other Couragiously and the King of Pimienta was carried off Wounded and died before he knew the event of the Battle His Men fled and were pursued into their City with great slaughter the Royal Palace was fired which among them is the hainousest Affront whereupon they Rallied and fell upon the Victors with such Fury that they obliged them to retire in great disorder Sylva discharged some few that stood by him and rushing into the thickest of the Enemies was killed Above fifty Portugueses were lost here which abundantly countervailed for our Victory 3. Five thousand Nayres all sworn to Revenge the death of their King or dye entred the Country of Cochim killing many and forcing others to fly to the Fort. The Commander of the Fort Henry de Sousa marced out and finding them engaged with the Indians who fought desperately killed Five hundred Two strange and contrary Accidents hapned upon this occasion One was a Man that lay dying arose and taking a Lance did great Execution among the Enemies and perfectly recovered his health The other a Man in perfect health who fell down dead with the Fright 4. All the Joy of this Success vanished at the sight of Zamori who came attended by the Princes of Malabar with 140000 Men. He Encamped with 100000 at Chembe ordering those Princes who were eighteen in number and among them the King of Tanor lately so fond of us and our Religion with the other 40000 whereof 5000 had devoted themselves to pass over into the Island Bardela Our Governour upon the first Advice prepared to meet this Storm He sent before Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda with four Ships and Orders That having joyned those that were at Cochim he should shut up those Princes in the Island till he came being resolved to follow at his Heels Sepulveda did his part and the Governour his for he sailed immediately the Cities of Goa Chaul and Baçaim furnishing what they had offered for the Expedition against the Turks which came to nothing The Fleet consisted of above 100 Sail and almost 4000 Landmen The first Execution was at Tiracole where many Houses Ships and Goods were burnt Coulete suffered the same Fate after a vigorous Resistance which cost the Lives of many of them and sixteen of ours At Panane the same and we lost eight 5. Our Governour Landed at Cochim and found that King with Forty thousand Men he had himself Six thousand Two thousand having joyned him there The Island being beset and Signal given to fall on those within began to waive a white Flag for a Parley It was concluded those eighteen Princes should put themselves into the Governours hands upon promise of Life He finding they delayed resolved to fight them the next day but was hindred by a great Flood yet he concluded he might put his design in execution the day after But what security is there in human Felicity Cabral was almost in possession of one of the most glorious Actions that had been seen in India when the sudden Arrival of the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha ravished this Honour from him noâ—… suffering him to proceed nor concluding himself what was so well begun On the contrary he suffered all those Princes to escape with their whole Army 6. St. Francis Xaverius seeing how many great Enterprizes were disappointed through the malice or Envy of the Governours wrote a Letter to the King acquainting him therewith and advising to punish such Miscarriages with severity whereby they might for the future be prevented But Ministers serve as they please Saints advise well and Princes Eyes are never opened Commonly the want of due Punishment is the cause of publick Calamities 7. Whilst George Cabral was at Cochim waiting to embarque in the Ships that were bound to Portugal one Night about the middle of February there was a Report That Eight thousand sworn Nayres would enter the City Cabral run to the Gates with Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda in order to march out and meet them at Break of Day but was hindred by the Council of the City He stayed with a competent Number of Men to guard the Town and sent Sepulveda with Fifteen hundred Portugueses and the Natives They found those desperate Men in a Neighbouring Town acting all that Rage and Malice could suggest They Charged them the Fight was very desperate fifty Portugueses were slain and above a Thousand of the Amouco's or devoted Nayres the rest fled 8. Let us see what was done during this time by the Captains sent by the Governour to several parts The King of Cota had asked Succour against his Brother Madune Pandar King of Ceitavaca who endeavoured to expel him his Kingdom he offered in requital for the Relief to pay a greater Tribute than before Caralea Pandar Prince of Candea not following the Example of his Father who was bent against the Religious Men who made him a Christian desired to be Baptized and fled with the Priests to a Fort from whence he sent to beg the Governour 's assistance Both these places being in the Island Ceylon he sent thither D. George de Castro with six hundred Men. Madune scarce saw him when he raised the Siege he had laid to Cota where his Brother was The King of Cota and D. George followed him and he so fortified the Passes they were forced in some places to fight their way through showers of Bullets Stones and Arrows with some loss of Men and no small slaughter of the Enemy Being come in sight of the City Madune met them and there ensued a bloody Battle desperately fought on both sides At length Madune was obliged to â—…y to the Mountains and leave his Brother in possession of that great City singularly adorned by a Pagod of wonderful magnificence The Plunder was very considerable Madune implored his Brother's Mercy who had little reason to shew him any yet did and left him possessed of his Kingdom 9. D. George did not meet with the like success at Candea whither he went after this Victory The Enemy came unexpectedly upon him with Forty thousand Men in a narrow Pass whence he could not escape and killed Eight hundred of his Men half of them Portugueses He got away with more grief for this Loss than honour by the late Victory For it is certain we are more sensibly grieved at
Portugueses there were more wounded Ferdinand Machaâ—… saying He should be killed here said the Office of the Dead for himself and leâ—…t it might be thought Cowardize went Dancing up to the Enemy he died of his Wounds soon after the Surrender The King also died for Grief and his Son Câ—…chilguzarate succeeded him Bernardin de Sousa being jealous of the Fort of Tidore went over to it and that King fearing greater damage agreed it should be demolished 9. Sultan Halaudim that King that Peter Mascarenas expelled Bantam and D. Stephen de Gama from Ujantana resolved now to try his Fortune against Malaca He had a great Power at Sea and was assisted by the Kings of Pera Pam and Marruaz and the Queen of Iapara in the Island of Iava About the beginning of Iune the Fleet of these Confederates put to Sea consisting of above Two hundred Sail. The King of Ujantana had sent an Embassadour to D. Pedro de Silva Commander of Malaca whose chief business was to discover what Force was in Malaca D. Pedro on the other side was privately informed by Laximena the Embassadour's Father of the King's design which was to surprize Malaca by giving oâ—…t His Preparations were against Achem. He had like to compass his Ends for the time was very short to provide The King entred the Port and burnt what Ships were in it and at the same time possessed himself of the Suburbs Then he intrenched planted his Cannon and began to batter the Fort furious and successfully and at length reduced the Inhabitants to feed upon such things as are loathsom 10. D. Garcia de Meneses sailing for the Maluco's put into Malaca with his Caravel where he had a hot Dispute with Lacxemena the Kings Admiral who had betrayed his Masters Counsels to the Portugueses and was then killed by them with his Son and his Ship sunk But D. Garcia did not long survive this Honour for attempting to gain a Gun that did much damage to the Town he was killed and with him above thirty Portugueses brought by D. Pedro de Silva to rescue him Mean while several Portugues Ships came into the Harbour from divers parts the News of the danger Malaca was in had reached The Enemy endeavoured to oppose them and Gomes Barreto conducted them in with safety 11. The Enemy resolved to Assault the City and the Commander D. Pedro having Notice of it provided to receive them Scarce did they begin to mount their Ladders when there fell on them a Storm of great pieces of Timbers Stones and Granado's so that in an instant above Eight hundred of them lay dead under the Wall This obliged them to retire to their Works and they resolved to starve the City Our Commander fearing the Consequence of this Resolution was advised by an unknown Souldier who before at the Assault promoted the throwing of Beams to send abroad some Ships and give out They were going to put those Kingâ—… Countries to Fire and Sword They believing it left the Siege which was prosecuted by the Queen of Iapara with the Men of Iava till Giles Fernandez de Carvallo coming unexpectedly with Two hundred Men there ensued a bloody Fight and at length the Enemies were put to a shameful flight having lost above Two thousand Men many Ships and all their Cannon and Ammunition whereof was a great quantity and it was of great consequence to the City What the Enemy could not execute by force when present they did by perfidiousness after their flight They poisoned a Well whereof our Men drinking above Two hundred died to the great terrour of all till the Cause was known 12. The Affairs of Ceylon were now in a very turbulent posture for Madune contrary to the Agreement distressed the King of Cota who had recourse to Gaspar de Azevedo Commander of Columbo and he with the King's Men and 100 Portugueses defeated the Enemy But the King of Cota being killed by a Musquet-shot he of Ceytavaca renewed his Pretensions The success was not answerable to his expectation for the New Prince assisted by the Portugueses gave him a total Rout. At the beginning of September the Vice-Roy prepared to go in Person to remedy these Disorders At the same time arrived from Portugal five Ships and soon after two more One was forced back to Lisbon by ill Weather The Vice-Roy set out the beginning of October with 3000 Men in 70 Sail. 13. The first thing he did after his Arrival at Ceylon was to put upon the Rack some Subjects of that King he went to succour that they might discover where their Princes Treasure was buried as if he had been an Enemy or had sent for him to make him his Treasurer In the second place he searched the Dead Man's Palace and found 80000 Ducats Thirdly He demanded 200000 Ducats for his Charges which was immediately granted And Fourthly he took the Field with his Three thousand Portugueses and Four thousand of the Kings Men. The King of Ceytavaca met them with a like Number but soon fled into the Mountains followed only by 100 Men. His City was plundered and the Booty very considerable The Vice-Roy turned over the Earth and dug up the Foundations of Buildings to discover hidden Treasures One was found consisting of many Gold and Silver Idols of a large size and other things One half of right belonged to the King we pretended to Relieve according to Agreement but the Wants of India permitted no performance of Promises Had the Indian broke his Word with the Christian he had been a Barbarian I know not what a Christian is that breaks his with the Barbarian Perhaps wiser Men know It appeared we went in search of hidden Treasures not to Relieve distressed Kings when this King desiring Five hundred Portugueses might be left with him to prevent his Enemies making Head again he was left without any because there was no more hopes of Treasure But we shall soon see the King of Cota revenged by the King of Portugal that it may appear the Actions of Kings are Divine when they are their own 14. Mean while Don Antony de Noronha scoured the Sea of Calicut making great havock in it and along the shoar The Vice-Roy returned to Cochin bringing with him a Kinsman of the King of Cota who was become a Christian went to Portugal where he was received with Honour and sent back to India and died in the Faith The Vice-Roy found the dispatch of the Homeward-bound Trading Ships was retarded by the Prince of Chembe he resolved to punish him and set out with a Fleet that contained Four thousand Men. Thirty thousand were gathered from Calicut to oppose him and some endeavoured to hinder the Landing but were soon put to flight 15. Our Men landed and marched to the City the Enemy met them and there followed a bloody Battle in which we lost forty Men but the Enemy was put to flight and the Vice-Roy satisfied with ravaging the Country returned to Cochim and dispatched the Ships
intermedled not because they were both Subjects to Portugal in the end he of Cochim had the better Those of Cranganor committing some Outrages Iohn Pereyra chastized and reduced them 13. The Vice-Roy was now preparing to make War upon the King of Iafanatapan and Lord of the Island Manar because he persecuted the Christians and had usurped that Crown from his Brother who fled to Goa and was Baptized by the Name of Alfonso He Landed near the City Iafanapatan with 1200 Men forcing the Prince to retire who with 2000 opposed him The Portugeses entred at a large Street in which were some Pieces of Cannon which killed N. Sardina Ensign to Luis de Melo Iohn Pessoa took up the Colours and marched up to the Canon Luis de Melo and D. Philip de Meneses were both Wounded 14. The Vice Roy came on and six or seven Men were killed about him The Prince coming down another Street made some resistance but to no effect Night coming on the King retired to his Palace and not thinking himself safe there set fire to it and withdrew to a Fort a League off Thus the Vice-Roy was left possessed of that beautiful City He marched after the King who thinking that Fort too weak was fled farther off D. Constantin took possession of it and sent several parties to pursue the King the first of them Commanded by Luis de Melo the Achilles of those times They pursued him till he cried for Mercy and to purchase an Accommodation offered to restore the Treasure taken from Tribuls Pandar and his Mother-in-Law Wife to the King of Cota to pay an Acknowledgment to the Crown of Portugal and give up the Island Manar The Vice-Roy accepted the Conditions considering how difficult it was wholly to deprive him of that Crown and restore it to his Brother though he had never so much right 15. Fortune is as quick in over-turning as bestowing her Favours Whilst the Conditions were putting in execution the Natives falling upon the Portugueses who were secure in their Submission killed many The Vice-Roy escaped narrowly and got aboard the Fleet whence he sent D. Antony de Noronha with 400 Men to relieve the Fort where Ferdinand de Sousa was and had killed many of the Natives in defence of it They two being joyned made themselves way and marched to the Shoar carrying all that was in the Fort and killing all that opposed them The Vice-Roy thus succesful at first and afterwards unfortunate set Sail carrying with him the Prince given as an Hostage for performance of the Articles of Peace He sailed to the Island Manar where he built a Fort and translated thither the Inhabitants of Punicale to redeem them from the Tyranny of that Nayque who would fleece them Emanuel Rodriguez Coutinho was left to Command there and with him some Franciscans and Jesuits all satisfied with the equal distribution the Vice-Roy made of all things Then he sent Balthasar Guedez de Sousa to Command in chief in Ceylon and with him the King of Cota his Grandmother and Kindred whom the King of Iafanatapan had delivered to him being one of the Conditions of that unfortunate Treaty CHAP. XVI The End of the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Constantin 1. AMong the Treasure lately taken from the King of Iafanatapan was an Idol adored throughout all the Coast of Asia and so highly esteemed by all those Princes particularly the King of Pegu that he every year sent Embassadours with rich Presents to get a Print of it This so much worshipped Relick was nothing but a Tooth of a white Monkey Some say the rarity of the Colour was the cause of his being so much admired as the King of Siam's white Elephant Others affirm besides his Whiteness he came into such esteem by finding out the Wife of an ancient Indian King that was run away from him and had been sought for through all parts to no purpose the King loving her beyond expression The King in requital made much of the Beast while it lived and after its death erected Altars to it Others are of Opinion it was a Mans not a Monkeys Tooth and perhaps the Man had the same Employ as the Monkey for all was no better than Pimping a great step to Preferment with Princes However it was the King of Pegu hearing our Vice-Roy had the Tooth sent to offer him 300000 Ducats for it and it was not doubted his Zeal would extend to give a Million if the Bargain were well drove Most of the Portugueses were for taking the Mony and some wished they might be employed in carrying the Tooth to Pegu not doubting but they should gather a Treasure by shewing it by the way 2. The Vice-Roy doubtful whether he should accept or reject the Offer and to throw the blame of either Resolution from himself had a meeting of the Chief of the Clergy and Laity where the Question was discussed long and with much heat The Resolution was That the Tooth should not be sold but consumed to Asâ—…s The Vice-Roy accordingly in the presence of them all caused it to be beaten to dust in a Mortar and then burnt All men at that time seemed to applaud the Act but not long after two Teeth being set up instead of that one as shall be related in the Government of D. Antony de Noronha they as much condemned and railed at it 3. D. George de Meneses Baroche at this time did much in Ceylon in defence of the King of Cota against his Brother Madune D. George was hard to please because he loved to endure hardship he hearing one Morning in his Galley a Souldier asking an â—…on for Breakfast said to him What do you 〈◊〉 for Dainties There is no provision in this Store but Powder and Ball. A good Example for our Times when a Portugues lords half a Galleon with Hen-Coops and 〈◊〉 of Sweet-Meats 4. This Severity in D. George caused some Souldiers to desert to Cota he went to bring them back and at his return found that George de Melo his Lieutenant â—…d fallen upon the Enemy so successfullâ—… that he cut off a number of them Baroche envious of this Honour attacked them in another place and killed 200 and with the same heat run up a River after Madune till a Cannon Ball kilâ—…g 20 of his Seamen at once he retired a â—…e Then matching by Land after Raju 〈◊〉 Son who had above 3000 Men â—…h him put him to flight killing 150 without losing one Man The Enemy fortified himself in a convenient place and D. George going on to attack him was told there was no Powder then says he Load your Muskets with Sand. He advanced unfortunately for what with an Ambush and what with the assistance of the Elephants he lost above 70 Men. D. George was in danger of being killed by an Elephant had not Pâ—…dralvarez Freyre fortunately shot it He retired in such a Rage for this ill success that he bit the Sand perhaps because it had not
Governor and began to act as such The first thing he did was to send Advice to Peter Mascarenas of his Election either that he was not yet so fond of the Government or rather to dissemble how fond he was of it Next he gave the Command of Goa to Antony de Silveyra de Meneses and sent Francis de Sa to the Island of Sunda whether he had been designed from Portugal giving him four hundred Men in six Ships Antony de Miranda Azevedo had fourteen to guard the Coast of India Manuel de Gama had nine for the Coast of Coromandel which he cleansed from Pyrats and retook a Ship of ours taken by them Martin Alphonso Iusarte was sent to Maldiva with six Vessels and took a rich Vessel of Meca in which were three hundred Moors Having given other necessary Orders he sailed for Ormuz with five Ships and three hundred Men. 4. They suffered much by the way chiefly through Thirst. In his Passage he reduced the Towns of Calayate and Mascate which had revolted being exasperated by the avarice of Iames de Melo for it is certain the King and publick suffer for the Interest of private Men a thing D. Enrique was so sensible of that this Melo being then Commander at Ormuz he writ to him to be more moderate and not provoke thirty years to go from Goa to teach sixty at Ormuz for those were the Ages of them both Lope Vaz did nothing at Ormuz but compose the Difference between Iames de Melo and Raez Xarafo which had occasioned the Revolt of those two Towns receive the Tribute of that King and Prester Iohn's Embassador who came with D. George de Lima both brought by Hector de Silveyra 5. Who was sent to lie off of Diu in wait of the Ships of the Red Sea that trade for Cambaya whereof he took three They went to Diu where he continued many days at the request of Melique Saca who made use of him to secure himself against the King of Cambaya feigning he intended to deliver the City to Silveyra being weary of the Tyranny of that King Lope Vaz was then at Chaul giving Oders for fortifying several places fearing the Rumes or Turks were coming with a great Power whereof he sent advice to King Iohn and sailed for Goa 6. At the same time arrived in India two Ships of five that set out this year from Lisbon the other three came afterwards These two brought fresh Orders from the King relating to the Succession in the Government wherein Lope Vaz was before Mascarenas the former having been the contrary The Surveyor of the Revenue Alfonso de Mexia to whom they were directed desirous to kindle Broils caused them to be opened to the great danger of the publick Peace 7. The News hereof met Lope Vaz on the way and arriving at Goa he was a second time received as Governor and went thence to Cochin He dispatched the trading Ships home and sent in them Prester Iohn's Embassador who went to Rome where he gave entire submission to the Church of Christ through the means of the Portugueses and having received several Favours from Pope Clement the Seventh returned to his Prince These Ships being gone Lope Vaz designed to go to the Red Sea against the Turks who it was said fortified the Island Camaran Some loose Tongues said it was a policy to strengthen himself at Cochin in order to resist Mascarenhas who came to take upon him the Government Others said he really intended to go to deprive Mascarenas of all Power and gain the Affections of the Soldiers by giving them plunder The certainty is he studied to secure himself for to resign a Command voluntarily is a thing not practised since those times 8. Raez Solyman the Turk who killed Mir Hozem at Gidda recovered his Princes Favour by delivering up to him this City he had gained in the Service of the Soldan and by means of a considerable Present for Gifts are of force even with Princes who have no need of them Selin who was then at Grand Cayre converted his Hatred to Love because Solyman promised him great Advantages in India if he would furnish him with a competent power to act there He gave him twenty Gallies and five Galions that were then at Suez Solyman succeeding his Father Selin sent Haydarin to deliver this Fleet to Raez who was then fortifying the Island Camaran where the said Haydarin upon some disgust killed him Mustapha Nephew to Râ—…ez succeeded him and slew Hydarin then sailed to Aden and thence to Diu seeking the protection of the King of Cambâ—…ya as fearful of the Great Turk whom he had offended with that Murder and other Actions and having but few Vessels with him for most of them refused to obey him and returned to Suez Antony Tenreyro carried an account of the Success of this Fleet to King Iohn by Land with general admiration being the first that performed that Journey till then thought impossible 9. Let us now return to Peter Mascarenas at Malaca where the News being come of his Succession to the Government he was immediately proclaimed and obeyed as such As such he gave Orders and bestowed some Commands The Season was not yet proper to sail from Malaca to Cochin But the Desire of Command waâ—…s no season so he set out without it A storm forced him back to Malaca and he making a Virtue of Necessity complied with Fortune concluding it was Providence brought him to that City which he had left in great distress and taking it as an Omen of the Honor he thought to gain over Bintam whose King entertained no small hopes of recovering Malaca which was wholly unprovided Mascarenhas disposed the Minds of the few Gentlemen that were there and prepared to fall upon that King giving out all was for the Island of Sunda whither it was known Francis de Sa was designed He set out with twenty one Ships in them four hundred Portugueses and six hundred Malayes commanded by Tuam Mahomet and Sinai Raja 10. Great Labour was employed in clearing the Mouth of the River when thirty Barques appeared sent by the King of Pam to the Relief of our Enemy Duarte Coello and Ayres de Cuna went to meet them battered some dispersed others and took twelve loaden with Cannon and Provisions They return to the hard Labour of clearing the Mouth of the River in which Work Ferdinando Serram consumed twelve Days wherein his Men were spent with toil and his Ship pierced with a thousand Cannon Shot Yet he obtained his end tho not without danger of perishing for Laxemena fell upon him with such fury that Ferdinando was left for dead and both sides fought with great obstinacy Peter Mascarenas perceiving this Action pressed forwards in small Vessels that rowed and coming upon the Moors made them retirâ—… with a great slaughter Being returned to his Post he considered the City which was formidable for its Walls and opposite Fort flanked with Bulwarks stored with Men and
He was Son of Tristan de Cuna and Donna Antonia de Albuquerque Of stature large and well proportioned He wanted one Eye Tho he had Majesty in command he was courteous and not subject to any passion easie to be reconciled loved to do good to all an observer of Justice free from Avarice prudent in Counsel affable in Discourse His Picture represents his Complexion fair his Beard black all the Cloaths black only the Cap blew He governed ten years wanting two months and died the beginning of the year 1539. He was the tenth Governor and first of the Name The End of the Four Parts of the First Tome DEDICATED TO HER MOST SACRED MAJESTY CATHERINE QUEEN-DOWAGER OF ENGLAND c. THE PREFACE SINCE our Asia now receives a new Prince let us begin another Tome with a different Style As the other Prefaces were filled with Instructions and Documents of pure Zeal so shall this with the delightful Entertainment of a curious Reflexion For when Fortune makes it her Sport to heap Burdens of Care there is none so resolved or unmoved but requires Diversion and Ease The Kingdom of Portugal parted from consider that it began and ended in Henry's and in the number 12 that the last King died on the Day and last Year of Peace that the King and Kingdom expired where they had their Birth that being founded by a Spanish Female by another they were extinguished and such-like Reflections we shall discover no less remarkable Circumstances in the Portugues Asia The Promoter of this wonderful Discovery was Prince Henry and Henry was the last of our Princes that Possessed it Alfonso was the Founder of the Royal Throne of Portugal in Europe Christ appearing to him and another of that in Asia when the Cross appeared to Alfonso de Albuquerque in the Red-Sea The Throne of this Kingdom was raised on the Victory obtained by Alfonso at Orique over the Moorish Emperor called Isâ—…iael and the Prince of Goa the Metropolis of our Dominions in Asia taken by Albuquerque was called Ismael and the King of Persia deprived of his Sovereignty over Ormuz was also Ismael Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses was the last Governour of India sent by our Natural Princes and his Picture was the last the Hall in the Palace of Goa appointed to hang up the Portraitures of the Viceroys and Governors could contain The Name of the first Viceroy of India was Francis and consequently his is the first of those Pictures and now we see the Name of the first Viceroy sent by a Spaâ—…ish Prince is Francis and therefore the Picture of that Name is the first in the second Hall destined to preserve those Memorials If there be still any obstinate Philososophers who hold That all Worldly Things are the meer Effect of Chance let them contemn the Consideration of these Parallels on such important Occasions but let not those despise it who allowing the most inconsiderable Earthly Affairs to be the Work of Providence cannot but be assured the Great are much more its Care Let not those I say undervalue it who know the Immortal Providence can be discovered but by Shadows The Divine Power has always taken this course to manifest itself to Man What Wonder then it should take that Method in the Revolution of a Kingdom more peculiarly belonging to Christ himself Thus then these wonderful Presages first concurring not to speaâ—… of Comets the Kingdom of Portugal returned to its formet Original after 500 Years Peregrination over the whole circumference of the Earth And now bringing that Precious Scepter from the East puts it into the Hands of Philip in Spain who had the Fortune to be the great Ocean to which run all the great indifferent and small Rivers of so many Empires Kingdoms and Sovereignties spread over the whole Face of the Terrestrial Globle Who would not believe that the Portugueses would lose their Valour having lost their Natural Prince since it is certain the Presence of Princes is the chief Strength of it We shall see them deprived of this Glory but not of that Virtue Our Hero's of this Age did not degenerate from those of the other so soon as naturally might be expected Such was their Bravery such their Courage they seem to have exceeded the Bounds of their Fortune and even of Nature THE CONTENTS TOM III. PART I. CHAP. I. The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Francis Mascarennas Count De St. Cruz fromthe Year 1581 till the Year 1584 Page 1 CHAP. II. Continues the Government of D. Francis Mascarennas 9 CHAP. III. The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Duarte de Meneses from the Year 1584 till 1588. 20 CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses 28 CHAP. V. Continues the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses 40 CHAP. VI. The End of the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses 47 CHAP. VII The Government of Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno from the Year 1588 till 1590 56 CHAP. VIII The Government of the Vice-Roy Matthias de Albuquerque from the Year 1591 till 1597. 64 CHAP. IX Continues and Concludes the Government of Matthias de Albuquerque 71 CHAP. X. Of the Propagation of the Gospel in the Empire of China during these later Years 78 CHAP. XI Continues the Subject of the Propagation of the Gospel 85 TOM III. PART II. CHAP. I. THE Government of the Viceroy D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra from the Year 1597 till 1600 93 CHAP. II. Continues the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 99 CHAP. III. Continues the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 107 CHAP. IV. The Remarkable Revolutions of Pegu during the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 117 CHAP. V. The Government of the Viceroy Ayres de Saldanna from the Year 1600 till 1604 124 CHAP. VI. The Government of the Viceroy D. Martin Alfonso de Castro from the Year 1604 till 1607 138 CHAP. VII The Government of the Archbish D. F. Alexius de Meneses who was Governor from the Year 1607 till 1609 148 CHAP. VIII Of the Viceroy D. John Pereyra Frojas Count de Feyra in the Year 1608 153 CHAP. IX Of the Governour Andrew Furtado de Mendoça in the Year 1609 162 CHAP. X. The Government of the Viceroy Ruy Lorenço de Tavora from the Year 1609 till 1612 166 CHAP. XI Of the Propagation of the Christian Faith in China 174 TOM III. PART III. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo from the Year 1612 till 1617 181 CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1613 190 CHAP. III. Continues the Government of D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1614 197 CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of D. Hierome de Azevedo 207 CHAP. V. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615 212 CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615
some Crime upon him he was brought to a Trial but acquitted 18. About this time came to the City Meaco a Spanish Vessel commanded by D. Iohn de Samudio from Manila he raised a Fort in the Port of Pinal notwithstanding D. Paul de Portugal who commanded there opposed him He protested against this Proceeding and made use of Threats but all to no effect CHAP. III. Contiuues the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 1. THE Hollanders in hatred to our new Prince and desirous to purchase the Spices of Asia at a cheaper rate resolved not to beg them any longer in Portugal and to this effect set out in the Year 1595 some Ships which were unsuccessful yet this did not deter them for in the Year 1597 they fitted out the first Squadron for this Voyage and reaped the benefit of it in 1599. This Squadron consisted of 8 Ships in which were 800 Men and Provisions for 3 Years Their Admiral was Iacob Cornelius Neque of Amsterdam they set sail from that Port on the 13th of May 1598. arrived at Madera on the 15th on the 17th at the Canaries where they took Wine on the 23d at the Islands of Cabo Verde on the 29th they were in the Latitude of 6 degrees and passed the Line on the 8th of Iune a wonderful swiftness and to me incredible 2. On the 24th of Iuly they saw the Cape of Good Hope where a violent Storm parted three of the Ships which arrived at the Island Banda the latter end of April The others on the 24th of August discovered the Island Madagascar and on the 30th Cape St. Iulian. On the 20th of September they came to the Island Cerne or Cisne in 21 degrees of Latitude and called it Mauricia Here they found Tortoises of such a magnitude that they carried two Men on their Backs and Birds they killed with Sticks which made them conclude it was not inhabited At Banda they joyned the other three Ships They loaded four which returned for Holland the others steered for the Moluces 3. On the 21st of Ianuary they discovered the great Iava and touched at the City Tuban and on the 27th at the Port of Madura an Island in 2 deg 30 min. of South Latitude There they endeavoured to Ransome some of their Country-men part cast away in their former Ships and part secured for offering false Money because the Natives demanded too great a Rate for them they attempted to rescue them by force In the fray two Boats full of Men they would rescue were sunk and at last they were forced to Ransome them At Amboina they settled Trade Two Ships returned to Banda erected a Factory and loading Spice arrived in Holland on the 20th of April 1600. Those that were left at Amboina went to Ternate were well received by the King and loading Clove returned home 4. D. Hierome de Azevedo in Ceylon raising a strong Fort at Manicravare to be the nearer to the Kingdom of Candea the Conquest whereof was his chief aim so perplexed the Usurper that he setting out several Bodies with the King of Uva to distract our General was in all places by him overthrown More had been done but that the Men mutinied for want and dispersed themselves throughout the Villages for sustenance Being refreshed they returned to their Duty and reduced all the Corlas to our Obedience D. Hierome cutting off many Heads as a Punishment to them and Terror to others The Year following he obtained another Victory on the Borders of Candea 5. D. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa was gone to visit the Christians called of St. Thomas who live dispersed about the Mountains of Malabar in Malia Turubuli Maota Batimena Diamper Pimienta Tetemute Porca Paru and Cartuti 6. Those Christians continued firm in the Faith till about the Year 750 though with some mixture of Errors About the Year 810 came thither the second Thomas mentioned at the end of the second Tome repaired the Temples erected by the first and restored the Doctrine Thus it continued almost 100 Years till about the Year 900 it was over-run with the Nestorian Heresie In the Year 890 came thither from Babylon two Caldeans called Mar Xarsio and Mar Prod who divided that District into two Bishopricks and were ever after prayed to as Saints till our Archbishop suspitious of them forbid it After them came Mar Ioanne sent by the Greek Patriarch who living at Cranganor introduced the Caldean Brevlary His Successor was Mar Iacob who died the Year 1500 and after him Mar Ioannatâ—… 7. Thus the Bishops and Heresies continued till the Year 1556 when Pope Paul the Fourth confirmed D. Iohn Bermâ—…z Patriarch of Ethiopia and Simon Sâ—…ca Bishop of Caâ—…emit the Metropolis of Mesopâ—…ia and Mar Elias and Mar Ioseph confirmed by the Pope the first as Patriarch of Mussal and the others in their Suffragan Bishopricks and ordered Ioseph who was Bishop of Ninice to go govern the Christians of Malabar and the Bishop D. Ambrose Mouteceli for his Coadjutor Thus the Patriarchal Seat was divided into two the one Orthodox at Mussal the Heretical at Antioch Ioseph and Ambrose passed over to the Mountains of Malabar where the latter would not follow the other and after reading Divinity at Goa died at Cochim in the Year 1557. D. George Temudo Bishop of that place perceiving Ioseph spread the Poison of Nestor caused him to be secured and brought in Chains to Portugal whence he returned to his Bishoprick upon promise of Amendment He found Mar Abraham in his Place being chosen in his absence by the Thomites Abraham being Persecuted went to Rome and promising to reduce that People to Truth got Pope Pius the Fourth his Breves as Prelate Neither of them performed what they had promised but continued in their Heresies 8. Then came Mar Simon saying He was sent by the Patriarch of Babylon to succeed in that Bishoprick The Queen of Pimienta received and placed him at Câ—…use where he exercised the Episcopal Power till being carried to Lisbon he went thence to Rome and was condemned by Pope Sixtus Quintus as not being so much as a Priest and a meer Nestorian Abraham died and his Archdeacon governed the Diocess no Babylonian Bishop daring to come there D. F. Alexius endeavouring to keep out such Heretical Prelates and that was the occasion of this his Visitation 9. This Prelate found that amidst their other Errors they denied the Virginity of our Blessed Lady rejected the Use of Images believed the Souls of the Just enjoyed not God till the General Judgment allowed but three Sacraments Baptism Order and the Eucharist used in stead of Confession a Perfuming in the Churches that their Consecration Wine was of Cocos that their Host was a Cake with Oyl and Salt that Priests were Ordained at 17 Years of Age and Married after Ordination that Fathers Sons and Grandsons administred Sacraments in the same Church that their Wives called Catotiaras or Cassaueras that is Priests
Count de Linarez with 9 Sail two lost 1629 165. D. George de Almeyda with 2 Sail one lost 1630 166. Antony de Saldana with 2 Ships both put back by Weather Fr. Vas de Almada with 2 Sail. 1631 167. Ios. Pinto Pereyra with 7 Sail. 1632 168. Antony de Saldana with 5 Sail. 1633 169. Hier. de Saldana with 3 Sail. 1634 170. Peter de Silva with 2 Sail one lost Gonzalo de Barros Silva with two 1635 171. Iohn de Melo with 2 Sail. 1636 172. Iohn Suarez Vivas with 2 Sail. 1637 173. I. de Sequeyra Varejam with 4 Sail. 1638 These are all the Ships there is any account of that sailed from Lisbon to discover and after for India since the Year 1412 when Prince Henry first attempted finding the way to India by Sea The Viceroy and Governors of India from the first Discovery till the Year 1640. 1. DON Francis de Almeyda first Viceroy and Governor Year 1505 2. Alfonso de Albuquerque second Governor 1509 3. Lope Soarez de Albergaria third Governor 1515 4. Iames Lopez de Sequeyra 4th Governor 1518 5. D. Duarte de Meneses 5th Governor 1522 6. D. Vasco de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 2d Viceroy and 6th Governor 1524 7. D. Henry de Meneses 7th Governor 1527 8. Peter Mascarennas 8th Governor 1529 9. Lope Vaz de Sampayo 9th Governor 1529 10. Nuno de Cunna 10th Governor 1529 11. D. Garcia de Noronna 3d Viceroy and 11th Governor 1538 12. D. Stephen de Gama 12th Governor 1540 13. Martin Alfonso de Sousa 13th Governor 1542 14. D. Iohn de Castro 4th Viceroy and 14th Governor 1543 15. Garcia de Sa 15th Governor 1549 16. George Cabral 16th Governor 154â—… 17. D. Alonso de Noronna 5th Viceroy and 17th Governor 1550 18. D. Peter Mascarennas 6th Viceroy and 18th Governor Year 1554 19. Francis Barreto 19 Governor 1555 20. D. Constantin de Bragança 7th Viceroy and 20th Governor 1558 21. D. Francis Coutinno Count de Redondo 8th Viceroy and 21th Governor 1561 22. Iohn de Mendoça 22 Governor 1564 23. D. Antony de Noronna 9th Viceroy and 23d Governor 1564 24. D. Luis de Ataide 10th Viceroy and 24th Governor 1567 25. D. Antony de Noronna 11th Viceroy and 25th Governor 1571 26. Antony Monez Barreto 26 Gov. 1573 27. D. Laurence de Tavora 12th Viceroy and 27th Governor 1576 28. D. Iames de Meneses 28 Gover. 1576 29. D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia the second time 13 Vicer and 29 Gov. 1578 30. Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses 30th Governor 1581 31. D. Francis Mascarennas Count de Santa Cruz 14 Viceroy and 31 Governor 1581 32. D. Duarte de Meneses 15th Viceroy and 32th Governor 1584 33. Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno 33 Gov. 1588 34. Mathias de Albuquerque 16th Viceroy and 34th Governor 1691 35. D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 17th Viceroy and 35th Governor 1597 36. Ayres de Saldanna 18th Viceroy and 36 Governor 1600 37. Martin Alfonso de Castro 19th Viceroy and 37th Governor 1604 38. D. F. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa 38th Governor 1607 39. D. Iohn Pereyra Count de Feyra 20th Viceroy and 39th Governor 1608 40. Andrew Furtado de Mendoça 40th Governor 1609 41. Ruy Lorenco de Tavora 21th Viceroy and 41st Governor 1609 42. D. Hierome de Azevedo 22th Viceroy and 42th Governor 1613 43. D. Iohn Coutinno Count de Redondo 23th Viceroy and 33th Governor 1617 44. Ferdinand de Albuquerque 44 Gov. 1619 45. D. Alfonso de Noronna 24th Viceroy and 45th Governor 1621 46. D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra the 2d time 25 Viceroy 46 Governor 1622 47. D. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim 47th Governor 1628 48. D. Francis Mascarennas 26 Viceroy 48 Governor 1628 49. Nunno Alvarez Botello 49 Gov. 1628 50 D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares 27 Viceroy 50 Governor 1629 51. Peter de Silva 28th Viceroy 51th Governor 1635 52. Antony Tellez de Silva 52 Gov. 1639 53. Iohn de Silva Tello 29 Viceroy 53 Governor 1640 Books in Print and Manuscripts out of which the Portugues Asia was Collected BOOKS in Print 1. EIght Volumes of the Affairs of India by Ferdinand Lopez de Castanneda who went into India only to examine into he Truth of what he writ His Stile nor Geography are not commendable but he has many curious though tedious Remarks It has been translated into French and Italian and I suppose some other Languages 2. Four Decades of the great Iohn de Barros who though posterior to Castanneda as to time is preferable to all for Judgment and is particularly esteemed for his Geography 3. Four other Decades of Iames de Couto Historiographer of India from the 4th to the 7th for he began at the 4th for then that of Iohn de Barros was not publick 4. Commentaries of the Actions of the great Alfonso de Albuquerque writ by his Son of the same Name 5. Antony Pinto Pereyra his Chronicle of D Luis de Atayde the famous Viceroy and Supporter of India writ in the Days of King Sebastian 6. Ferdinand Mendez Pinto his Indian History writ at the same time as the last Many make a doubt of Truth of what he writes and as many who have travelled those Parts affirm he might with truth have writ much more no less incredible to our apprehension I look upon him as a very true Historian for many Reasons Yet supposing he is not it is in things wholly omitted by me 7. The Bishop D. Hierome Osorio wrote the History of India in Latin which beyond dispute is the best Work of that Nature next to Titus Livius As to his Latin all Men grant him to be the best Ciaeronian His method is singular his Judgment piercing his Reflections sharp his Ornament majestick In fine he is accomplished in all Points 8. Mafeus is well known and very pleasant he did little but Epitomizing the Decades of Iohn de Barros as to the Substance of the History 9. F. Antony de S. Roman did little more than Translate Mafeus but not with Elegancy equal to him the Translation there is of him in Italian is better 10. Iohn de Lucena a Jesuit in the Life of S. Francis Xaverius brings in many Particulars of the Indian History He sticks not to the Rules of History but in his way of Writing deserves esteem for his Judgment Elegancy and way of Reasoning 11. Antony Galvam who was Commander of Ternate writ much concerning India and particularly of the Affairs of those Islands which has not been Printed or is extant at least it has not come to my Hands I only saw the Books he calls of Discoveries which is only short hints of things 12. Dr. Garcia Dorta of the Drugs and Medicinal Plants of Asia 13. A Collection of several small Books by several Authors giving an Account of many Shipwrecks that happen'd whereof we make mention in their Places 14. Several Relations particularly of the Jesuits 15. My own Book of
Vidigueyra 1. THE Kingdom of Pegu before not very considerable was raised to be one of the greatest Empires in Asia by the King of Uva and Brama assisted by 1000 Portugueses under the Command of Antony Ferreyra de Braganca who served him as his natural Prince The Kingdom of Pegu properly so called borders on that of Arracam the Countries of the Brama's and Iungoma's on the West is bounded by they Sea of Bengala from the City Rei to that of Sidoa distant 90 Leagues from each other the breadth of the Kingdom is about the same and its true Name is Bagou 2. It is about 1000 Years since this Kingdom was first erected by a Seaman who was the first King then his Son who lived 80 Years next the Grandson called Tam these and all their Successors added to their Name the Title of Banna Caél Uca Talanna Inda Darar Mampla Ximindo the last who died the Year 1640 as was before related when Branginoco so far inlarged it by his Conquests that it extended to China and Tartary and was Sovereign of Twenty-four great Kingdoms beside Eighty Princes not inferior to Kings Thus it became the powerfullest Monarchy in Asia except that of China 3. This King for the Conquest of Martavam thirty Leagues distant from Pegu gathered 700000 Men and 1700 Ships The Siege lasted six Months in which died 160000 Men. The City being taken and the King killed 140000 Houses were burnt besides 1600 Temples in which were taken 60000 Idols most of Gold and precious Stones there were also taken 3000 Elephants 6000 Cannon and innumerable Prisoners The King's share of the Spoil was above 100 Millions of Gold 4. For the Conquest of Siam he led a greater Force possessed himself of the Kingdom and took the King and his two Sons called by reason of their different colour one the Black the other the White He was content to leave that King in Possession of the Crown as his Vassal having himself been till then his Subject carrying away his two Sons as Hostages 5. Branginoco returning Victorious to Pegu entred the City in Triumph many Waggons going before loaded with Idols and inestimable Booty He came at last in a Chariot with the conquered Queens loaden with Jewels at his Feet and drawn by the Captive Princes and Lords before him marched Two thousand Elephants richly adorned and after him his victorious Troops He built a Palace as big as an ordinary City The least part of its Beauty was rich Painting and Gilding for the Roofs of some Apartments were covered with Plates of solid Gold Some Rooms were set with Statues of Kings and Queens of massy Gold set with rich Stones as big as the Life He was carried on a Litter of Gold upon many Mens Shoulders the Reverence paid him was more like a God than a Prince 6. After some time the two Brothers asked leave of the King to go visit their Father which he granted and afterwards sending to demand the usual Tribute the black Prince refused to pay it The King in a Rage sends his great Favourite Banna with a powerful Army against him Banna ravaged the Country of Siam and Besieges the Prince in Hudixa who defended it so bravely that Banna being forced to draw off he fell upon and totally defeated him The King sends his Brother-in-Law with a greater Power and he receives a greater overthrow 200000 of his Men were cut in pieces with a great number of Elephants and Horses many more of both taken The black Prince remained Victorious his Men were enriched and all encouraged to follow their good Fortune 7. The King of Pegu raises another Army of 1700000 Men 1500 Elephants 80000 Horse and all Necessaries proportionable the Command of it he gave to Mapa Raja his Son with the Title of King of Siam not doubting of the Victory At the News of this Power all Siam trembled except the valiant Black now King who met his Enemy and gave him Battel The two Kings encountring on their Elephants fought and he of Pegu was cast dead off his Elephant at which sight his Men fled and the Siamites pursued them a Month destroying the greatest part of that vast Army 8. The King of Pegu in a Rage for the Death of his Son turned his Fury against the People and some days burnt above Ten Thousand throwing so many into thè River Ganga as stopped the Passage even of Boats He forbid them sowing which caused such a a Famine that they not only eat one another to which purpose there was a publick Butchery of Man's Flesh but devoured part of their own Bodies For want of Fuel they made fire of human Bones having first taken off the Flesh to eat It is wonderful all this Tyranny never obliged that People to rebel A good Example given by Heathens to those more barbarous Christians who dare fly in the Face of just Princes without the least shadow of Oppression 9. This was followed by a Pestilence that depopulated all the Kingdom The neighbouring Princes taking this advantage fell upon the King of Pegu covetous of his Treasures Among them was the Black of Siam who retired with the loss 100000 Men. The King of Tangu was he that possessed himself of all he promised Life Liberty and Estates to all that would come over to him The first that deserted were the Portugueses and Moors for some Portugueses are like Moors in Matters of Interest After them followed a Bastard Son of the King whose Head was cut off by Order of the King of Pegu's Sister Wife to him of Tangu saying That he who was false to his Father could not be true to her She said and did well but who will punish her for treating her Brother barbarously when taken 10. He in despair delivers himself up to the King of Tangu who being possessed of the City and Palace found such Treasure that he made no account of Silver and other Metals and Riches It is avouched for truth that he could not remove all the Jewels and Gold in twelve Caravans each consisting of Seven hundred Elephants and Horses The News of this Treasure drew thither the King of Arracam who contenting himself with what he of Tangu undervalued gathered above Three Millions and a great Train of large Cannon The King of Tangu presented him of Pegu to his Sister and she who having killed his Son for betraying him it was thought would comfort used him Reproachfully and afterwards seeing the King her Husband inclined to Mercy caused him to be beaten to Death 11. The King of Tangu in whose House he of Pegu was Murdered by his own Sister was his Creature and Son to a Carter So that Kingdom had its beginning in a Seaman or Waterman and ended in a Carter both Employs of the same Nature one by Land and the other by Water 12. This Year came into India from the remote Mountains of Scythia or Tartary the Prince Baxan Fourth Grandson of Tamerlain the Great was by the Augustin
Friars converted to the Faith lived some time and marryed a Woman of Quality at Goa and thence came over to live in Portugal 13. Four Ships arrived safe at Goa from Lisbon commanded by Ayres de Saldana who went Viceroy of India One of these Ships was taken coming home at the mouth of Lisbon River In another returned the late Viceroy D. Francis de Gama better beloved by the Elements than by the Portugueses as will appear by what follows 14. Matthias de Albuquerque one of the great Men of India who afterwards fell at variance with the Count before that happened sent him a Present of two Horses worth Two Thousand Crowns He accepted but upon the falling out returned them Albuquerque would not take them and the Count's Messenger left them by his Order tied at the Door of one of Mathias his Servants Albuquerque commanded his Servant to turn them loose and they run about the City till no Body receiving them they were by his Order tied at the Hospital Door with a Bill signifying they were given to the Poor 15. The Statue of the Great D. Vasco de Gama Grandfather to the Count of a large Proportion cut in Marble stood over the principal Gate of the City fastned to the Wall by a strong Iron Bar. The French Ingenier Sebastian Tibao at the Instigation of those Gentlemen the Count's Enemies in the Night applied to the Iron that Herb that has the quality of eating it by which means the next Night it was pulled down broke and the Quarters hung up in publick Places 16. The Day the Count was to Embarque Forty Men well armed got aboard before him and hanged up at the Yard Arm his Effigies made exactly like him in Face and Habit. He was going aboard as they returned and seeing that sight asked what it was they answered It is your Lordship and those are the Men that did it He only replied No more no more India He caused the Statute to be dropt into the Sea set sail and within two Days came again into the Port to take in Fowl for the Voyage because all he had before were poisoned This is a common Practice in India especially among the great Ones 17. But as was said the Elements loved the Count better than the Men for he was the first that ever came from India to Lisbon without furling Sail. The continual biting of the Yards upon the Masts had so fastned them that they were forced to out them down when they came 〈◊〉 Lisbon to lower them because they would not run 18. He set sail on the 25th of December and arrived at Lisbon the 27th of May so that he spent but 5 Months in the Voyage which equals the swiftness of the Winds themselves and could not have been performed but by running continually with them The Count was tall and well shaped of a grave Aspect his Complexion fair capable of the greatest Command and not Covetous He was the 17th Viceroy and 35th Governour 5th of the Name 3d of the Sirname and the 5th Count. CHAP. V. The Government of the Vice-Roy Ayres de Saldanna from the Year 1600 till 1604. 1. AS soon as Ayres de Saldanna had taken upon him the Government he dispatched the homeward bound Ships which were six under the command of D. Hierome Continno That called the St. Simon commanded by Iames de Sousa of Viana came first to the Island St. Helena where there were two great Holland Ships with each two tire of Guns They presently sent aboard our Ship to tell the Captain He must instantly yield and go aboard them unless he would soon be sent to the other World Sousa considering that Message required a loud Answer sent it from the mouth of a Cannon and they understanding it replied with 8 the Terror whereof made our Men drop from the Yards who were furling the Sails but they soon recovered themselves 2. The Enemies Cannon playing killed at first two of our Men and tore the Rigging and Masts at which our People were so frighted they sought to abandon the Ship Sousa with much Valour encouraged them and began to play his Guns with good success The Fight lasted without ceasing that afternoon all night and the next morning wherein the Hollanders receiving great Damage made away leaving ashore the Cask they had sent for Water Our 5 Ships came up afterwards and continued their Voyage together 3. The Viceroy found at Cochim great Complaints against the King of Iafanapatan for that contrary to the Treaty of Peace he gave Passage to the King of Candea through his Country The Commander of Manar Manuelâ—… Barreto de Silva was sent against him with 1000 Men. The King expected him with 12000. Being upon the point of ingaging the Difference was amicably made up by F. Emanuel of St. Matthias Religious Men are good to promote Peace between Lay-Governors but when they take upon them Secular Governments they confound all 4. This Year 4 Ships set out of Lisbon for India and were all drove back Five Galleons also sailed and two of them were forced in again one lost on the Coast of Zocotora Another returning next Year from India richly laden met at the Island St. Helen 3 Holland Ships of 30 Guns each ours had but 27 small ones yet could not avoid fighting 5. The Fight lasted some days till the Galleon was beaten to pieces and the Enemy got nothing by the Victory The Captain and most of the Men were taken and basely treated by the Hollanders who put them ashore in the Island of Ferdinand de Noronna whence they passed to Pernambuco and were there nobly entertained by Iames Botello provided with all Necessaries and sent home 6. The Ships that were forced back the last Year and two more arrived in India and brought the News That on the 24th of November 1602. there appeared over Italaca a Blue Cross seeming to the Eye about four Fathoms in length and two in breadth of a curious form with Green Boughs over it It continued two hours about day-break during which time it was seen by above forty Christians of Suneputat who were going to Mass to their Parish of St. Lazarus The following Year 5 Ships went from Portugal We have no farther account of the Occurrences of these Years and therefore must be content with what follows which happened about that time 7. Andrew Furtado went over to the Moluco Islands in hope to recover them He drove the Hollanders out of Amboina and Sunda restored the Rosatelos to our subjection gained many strong Places from those of Ito Nao and Veranula and then appeared before Ternate from which by bad Weather and other Accidents he was drove after having spent 5 Years in continual labour Let us leave him at Amboina while we treat of the Conquest of Pegu which happened about the same time 8. Xilimixa King of Arracam who had possessed himself of the Crown of Pegu to express his Gratitude to the Portugueses that served him