that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants called Bermudas from the Spanish and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer Bermet a City of the hither East-Indies supposed by Castaldus to be the Barbari of Arrian Bern Berna a great and well built City of Switzerland which has its name from a Bear and carries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust a Town of Schwaben and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that deserve to be remembred It is the cheif City of the Canton of Bern which is one of the largest Cantons and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg They suffered much also from Albertus who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year In 1346. they renewed their League with Freiburg after which followed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it obtained the second place amongst the Cantons In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South 4 from Freiburg to the North and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry handsom Towns good Castles and Villages that you may compare it almost to one continued City and as for the Civil Government of it it is managed by two Councils of Senators under a Chief whom they call in French an Avoyer in German Schaltesch which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards See Doctor Burnett's Letters Bernards Castle a Market-Town in Durham in Darlington Wapentake upon the River Tees which takes its name from a Family that first came into England with the Saxons Bernbourg a small City in Germany in the Upper Saxony in the Principality of Anhalt upon the River Saaldar Sala 4 German Miles from Magdebourg towards the South and as many from Dessaw to the West It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle Bernich Berenice a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny but called Hesperia by Mela one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis between the Promontory Boreum now il Capo di Teiones upon the greater Syrtis and the City of Arsinoe to the East It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy the third King of Egypt as Solinus saith Bernstadt Bernardi Vrbs a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw Beroa Berrhaea believed to be the modern Aleppo was a famous City amongst the Antients reedified by Seleucus Nicanor and sometime an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch See Aleppo § Also an antient Town in Macedonia near the River Lydius Berry Bituricensis Provincia Bituriges a Dukedom in France bounded on the North by Sologne on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone on the West by Poictou and part of Tourein and on the South by Limosin The Principal City of this Province is Bourges divided into 2 parts by the River Chur a rich fruitful and populous Province The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Germany and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome for from the Conquests by them made proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina See Gallia Bersheba or Beerseba an antient City of Palestine by the way of Gaza to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon Josh 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc Some take it to be the same now with Gibel Bertinoro Bretinorium Petra Honorii a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither removed from Forlimpopoli It s Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco S. Bertrand de Cominges Convenae seu Lugdunum Convenarum a City of France at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Garonne in the Earldom de Cominge which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West Berwald a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh remarkable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. betwixt the Crowns of France and Sweden and the Princes of Germany Berwick Burcovicum Bervicium Teusis a Town in Northumberland situated upon the North side of the River Twede the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England and saith Camden the strongest hold in all Britain It stands upon a Promontory so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland as a Pledge for his Ransom being then a Prisoner in England restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony Edward I. in 1297. retook it After this it was won and lost divers times till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England The English Princes have fortified it but especially Queen Elizabeth who Walled it anew within the old Wall and added Out-works after the later Modes by which it was made incredibly strong Henry II. built the Castle and other of our Princes the outward Wall so that all its Works are owing to the English After a long Peace in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamped under her Walls again in opposition till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it and quitted it Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son Duke of Berwick Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the
it is a low Marshy or Hollow Soil and much over-spread with Waters It is great too and very fruitful having on the North the Zuider Sea on the West the German Ocean on the South Zealand and Brabant and on the East Vtrecht Guelderland and a part of the Zuider About sixty Leagues in Circuit therein containing twenty nine walled Towns besides others heretofore walled which enjoy the same privileges with those that are and four hundred Villages eighteen of the principal Towns have Seats in the Assemblies of the States General to wit Dort Haerlem Delft Leyden Amsterdam Goude Rotterdam Gorcum Schiedam Schoonhoven Briel Alcmaer Hoorne Enchuysen Edam Monnikendam Medenblik and Purmerend Yet the diameter of this Province may be traversed in six hours In former times it was more extended towards the East of Nimeguen it s District being then a part of Holland The Batavi a Warlike Nation possessed the greatest part of this Country in the times of the Roman Empire who were conquered by Julius Caesar with the rest of the Galls of whom this was then thought a part After the Roman Empire was overthrown in the West this Province being almost dispeopled by the Inroads of the Norman Pyrats was given by Charles the Bald to Thierrie or Theodorick a Prince of Aquitain Son of Sigebert about 863. with the Title of a Count or Earl his Posterity enjoyed it till 1206. in seventeen Descents when it passed to the Earls of Hainault in which Family it continued till 1417. and then it passed by the Surrender of Jaqueline Countess of Hainaule and Holland to Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy and so to the Spaniards When Philip II. treated this Free People ill they revolted and in 1572. submitted to VVilliam of Nassau Prince of Orange and in 1581. declared King Philip to have forfeited all his Sovereignty and having leagued themselves with their Neighbour States they defended themselves so well against that Prince by the assistance of Queen Elizabeth that at last they forced the Spaniards to acknowledge them a Free State And though the French King Lewis XIV by a sudden Surprize brought them very low in the year 1672. yet the next year they forced him to withdraw his Garrisons and recovered every inch of Ground from him The Prince of Orange though a Child in Age out-doing by the blessing of Heaven the oldest States-men and the most experienced Generals In the East-Indies the Hollanders are the Sovereign Governours of the Coast of Coromandel the Islands of Amboine Banda Ternate Ceylon and the City of Malaca part of the Islands of Sumatra and Celebes and divers places upon the Coast of Malabar § They have also given the Name of New Holland to a Region of the Terra Australis by them discovered in 1644. to the South of New Guiney and the Moluccaes To a Territory of Moscovia near the Streights of VVeigats by them named the the Streights of Nassaw upon the North Sea And lastly to a Country in the North America upon the Canadian Ocean betwixt Virginia and New France South-West of New England and East of the Irâ—quois in Canada But this latter has been been in the hands of the English since 1665. Holdenby a Castle belonging to the Crown in Northamptonshire where King Charles the Martyr was kept a Prisoner by the Parliamentarians from Feb. 17. 1646. to June 4. 1647. when by Cornet Joyce one of the Officers of the Rebels he was carried to Childersley and thence to Newmarket Here that afflicted Prince had leisure to compose that excellent Piece after his death Printed under the Title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which contributed more to the Re-establishment of his Children and the Reviving his oppressed Honour than all the Armies and Forces in the World could have done Holderness the most South-Eastern Promontory or Cape in Yorkshire called Ocellum by Ptolemy It lies North of Saltfleet a Town in Lincolnshire and shoots it self forth into the Sea a great way There are divers Towns in it King James I. created John Ramsey Viscount Hardington in Scotland Earl of this Place and Baron of Kingston upon Thames Anno 1620. The late Prince Rupert bore the same Title by the Creation of King Charles I. in 1643. which is now enjoyed by Conyers D' Arcie the present Earl of Holderness of the Creation of King Charles II. La Hougst Vast or Port de la Hogue Oga or Ogasti Vedasti a Haven or Sea-Port-Town in the Territory of Coutances in Normandy ten Miles from Bayeux to the West and sixteen from Caen to the same Holstein Holsatia that is as the Name signifies in the German Tongue the Hollow Stone or Rock or rather a Country overgrown with Woods and Forests as Holt signifies in the German Tongue is a Dukedom of great extent in the Lower Saxony in Germany though often comprehended in the Kingdom of Denmark because a part of it is subject to that Crown It was anciently a part of the Chersonesus Cimbrica bounded on the North by the Dukedom of Sleswick or South-Jutland on the West with the German Ocean on the East with the Baltick Sea and on the South with the Dukedoms of Bremen and Lunenburgh separated from it by the Elbe It is divided into four parts Dithmarsen Holstein Stormaren and VVageron The principal Cities in it are Lubeck and Hamburgh which are Hanse-Towns or Imperial Free Cities besides which there are Kiel and Rensburg in Holstein Krempend and Gluckstad in Stormaren Part of this Dukedom is under the King of Denmark and part of it under the Duke of Holstein The ancient Inhabitants were the Saxons our Ancestors who about 449. began the Conquest of Britain which perhaps were but some Tribes of the Cimbrians The rest which remained in Germany were conquered with the Saxons by Charles the Great and continued under the Empire till 1114. when Lotharius the Emperour gave Holst or Holstein properly so called to Adolf of Schaumburgh with the Title of Earl of Holstein whose Posterity enjoyed it till 1459. in eleven Descents when Christiern of Oldenburgh King of Denmark Sweden and Norway Son of Theodorick Earl of Oldenburgh and of Hedvigis Sister of Henry and Adolph the two last Earls of Holstein succeeded in the Earldom of Holstein The present Dukes of Holstein are descended from Christiern II. King of Denmark who died in 1533. From Christian III. one of his Sons are descended the Dukes of Holstein Regalis from Adolph another Son are derived the Dukes of Holstein Gottorp But this Work will not permit me to pursue these Lines any further Holt a Market Town in the County of Norfolk The Capital of its hundred Holy Island a small Island upon the Coast of the County of Northumberland not far from Berwick in which there is one Town with a Church and Castle and a good haven defended by a Block-house The Air and Soil not very grateful yet well accommodated with Fish and Fowl It s ancient Name was Lindisfarne a famous Episcopal
Borders of the Capitanate towards the Mountains upon the River Melfi or Molpa four Miles from the River Ofanto sixty five from Naples to the East and almost forty from Manfredonia South Mellila Ryssadirum a Town in Barbary subject to the King of Spain It lies in the Kingdom of Fez in the Province of Garet or Jeyrat taken by Ferdinand King of Spain in 1496. who gave order for the fortifying it It is seated on the Mediterranean Sea in a fruitful Plain at the foot of a Mountain almost forty German Miles from the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar to the East over against Almeria in Granada Being besieged by the Moors Anno 1687. the Garrison slew five hundred of them in one Salley October 5. whereupon the next day they lest the Town and drew off Melinde Melinda a Town and Kingdom in Zanguebar in Africa The Town is a Sea-Port fortified with a Castle which the Portuguese have erected And the Sea adjacent some take to be the Asperum Mare of Ptolemy Melito or Meliton Miletus a small City in the Kingdom of Naples in the further Calabria which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio but exempt from his Jurisdiction Pope Gregory VII translated this See from Taurianum a ruined City in 1075. This City is called Melita by Cicero it stands between Cosenza to the North and Regio to the South forty Miles from either five from Nocera and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the East It has been in a decaying condition a long time especially since 1638. in which it suffered very much by an Earthquake Melli Mellum a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa in which the River Niger is first divided into several Branches Bounded on the East by the Kingdoms of Mandinga and Malegneta on the West by the Atlantick Ocean It has a great and populous City of the same name where the Court resides thirty days journey from Tombut And the Kingdom is tributary to that of Tombut since 1520. Melun Melodunum a City of France in the Province of Brie in the Borders of Gastinois in the Generalité of the Isle of France upon the Seyne which it covers with two Bridges four Leagues from Fountainbleau to the South-East ten from Paris to the South and three from Corbeil In this City died Robert King of France in 1030. and Philip I. in 1109. It hath a Castle many fine Churches gives the title of a Viscount and its name to an honourable family Memel or Memmel Memelium Memmelburgum Cleupeda a Town in the Kingdom of Poland in the Province of Samogitia seated upon the Banks of the Baltick Sea thirty Polish Miles from Koningsperg to the North thirty eight from Riga to the South-West Baudrand ascribes it to Russia Regalis and to the County of Sambienfi and saith it has a strong Castle a Lake and a safe Harbour This Town was taken by Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden in 1628. But restored to the Poles under whom it now is almost intirely ruined by Fire in 1678. now rebuilt Long. 50. 00. Lat. 56. Memel Chronus a River which ariseth in Lithuania about fifteen Polish Miles South of Minski called Niemen by the Poles It watereth Grodno and Kowna and entering Prussia Regia is called Russ and falling at last into the Lake of Memel by the Town of Memel entereth the Baltick Sea at Kowna This River takes in the Vill which watereth Vilna and is one of the most considerable Rivers in these parts Memmingen Drusomagus Memminga an Imperial Free City in Schwaben in Germany upon the River Iler seven German Miles from Vlm to the South and nine from Ausburg to the North-West Menan Menanius a vast River in the further East-Indies which ariseth out of the Lake of Chiammay and passing the Kingdoms of Pegua and Siam it watereth Odia or Siam the Capital of that Kingdom and Anio then by two great Mouths falls into the Bay of Siam in Long. 328. Menapii an ancient People of Gallia Belgica whose Capital Town was the Modern Kessel in the Dutchy of Brabant Menaw the Isle of Man Mende See Mande Mendlesham a Market Town in the County of Suffolk in the Hundred of Hartesmere S. Menehoult Sancta Menehildis a strong Town in Champaign put into the Hands of the Spaniards by the Prince of Conde in 1652. and recovered to France in 1653. It is seated in the Territory of Argonne the Capital of which it is upon the River Aisne Axona nine Leagues from Verdun to the South and six from Bar le Duc to the North-West It has a Castle of great strength Baudrand writes this S. Menehould the Maps S. Manheu Mengrelia Colchis a Province in Asia in Georgia towards the North and the Euxine Sea which bounds it on the West Abascia separated from it by the River Coraz now called Colours lies on the North Guriel on the South cut off by the Phasis now Rione Imaretza and Susan on the East This Country is well watered fruitful under a Prince of its own descended of the Kings of Georgia It had a City called Sebastopolis which is now swallowed up by the Waters See Archangelus Lambertus and Sir John Chardin The first of which lived many years in this Country the latter has lately published an account of what he saw there For their Manners see Georgia The present Prince of Mengrelia is the eighth of this Family and Tributary to the Turks whose Tribute is sixty thousand Ells of Linnen Cloth made here and this is as much as he can well afford his Revenue not exceeding 20000 Crowns per ann much of which is raised from his Subjects sold for Slaves to the Turks to the number of seven or eight thousand in a year Which with their perpetual and fierce Wars has so depopulated this Country that the Prince is not able to bring above four thousand Horse and three thousand Foot into the Field and might easily be totally subdued by the Turks if it were thought worth the while or possible to keep a roving People who have neither Towns nor Cities in subjection when they are once Conquered Menteith Menthitia a County in the North of Scotland Bounded on the West by Lenox and the Lake Lomond on the North by Albain on the East by Stratherne and on the South by Sterling and Lenox The principal Town in it is Dunblain The Damnii inhabited in ancient times a part of this County in the Opinion of Mr. Cambden Mentz Meintz Moguntia Magontiacum a City of Germany of great Antiquity called by the Inhabitants Mayntz by the French Mayence by the Spaniards and Italians Magonza It stands in the Lower Circle of the Rhine upon the Rhine six German Miles from Franckfort on the Mayne to the West eighteen from Treves and fifteen from Spire to the North. Mentioned by Ptolemy and Tacitus It has its Name from the River Main or Moin which falls into the Rhine over against it The ancientest City in that part of Germany as having been certainly
Sea and the Lake of Exsechia Lychnitis The Archbishop is ever since 1300. chosen out of the Dominicans and confirmed by the Pope This City is under the Persians but has been wretchedly harassed by the Turks who as they prevail over the Persians and the Persians over them lay each others Mosques in Ruins Here is a stately Tower said to be of the Building of Tamerlane The Armenians pretend that Noah after the Deluge dwelt and was buried in this City It stands about seven Leagues from the River Araxes Long. 81. 34. Lat. 38. 40. in a fertile Country The Capital of Armenia the Seat of a Persian Kan or Governour Sir John Chardin saith they have generally thrown off the Roman Rites and are returned to their ancient Religion tho the Pope by an Ambassador sent to Persia in 1664. obtained great Favours from that Court for his Followers by which they are rather damnified than benefited Naseby a memorable Town in the County of Northampton in the Hundred of Guilesborough not far from Rothwell near to which the Rivers Avon and Nen derive their Springs it standing upon a high Ground But more especially remarkable for the Battel here fought June 14. 1645. betwixt the King's and the Parliamentarian Forces The first commanded by Prince Rupert the other by their General Fairfax The King's Forces were totally routed Natarone Vulturnus See Voltorno Natissa or Natisone Natisa a small River in Friuli which arising above Aquileja and washing it beneath that City is divided into two Branches both fall into the Ionian Sea near Grado a City in that Province This River was once Navigable up to Aquileja and served that City as a Port but now not Natolia Asia Minor is the most Western Part of Asia of great extent in the Form of a Peninsula called by the Turks its Masters Nadulu and by the French Natolie It is bounded on the North by the Euxine or Black Sea on the West by the Propontis and Archipelago on the South with the Mediterranean Sea and on the East by Armenia The principal Cities at this day are Amasia Ancyra Cutaige Cogni Tocat Isnich Bursia Smyrna and Tarabosan or Trapezunt It reacheth from Long. 51. to 72. and from Lat. 36. to 45. from the Hellespont to the Euphrates supposed to be six hundred and thirty Miles long and its breadth two hundred and ten The Air is very healthful the Soil as fruitful before it fell into the Hands of the Turks it was very populous Rich Civil and Learned but now in a manner desolate lamenting the Ruins of four hundred Towns destroyed by Earthquakes and the Barbarous devouring Turks Navagret Paropamisus a part of Imaus a vast Mountain in Asia Navareins Navaresium a City in the Province of Bearn in France which has a strong Castle seated on the River Gave d' Oleron four Leagues below Oleron to the North and six from Pa◠to the West Navarino Abarinus Pylus Messeniaca a great populous City on the Western Shoar of the Morea in the Province of Belvedore called by the Turks Iavarin It stands ten Miles from Modon to the North and fifteen from Coron to the West This is one of the most ancient Towns in the Morea and yet in a flourishing Condition being seated in the most pleasant and fruitful part of the Morea and having the best and most convenient Port. Accordingly whilst it was in the Hands of the Venetians they built two Castles and a strong Wall to defend it In 1498. it sustained a surious Siege and repelled the Ottoman Forces with that Bravery that they were forced to retire About two years after it fell twice in a short time into the Hands of the Turks through the Consternation of its Inhabitants after the Turks had taken Mondon and in their possession it continued till 1686. when the Venetians retook it Navarre Navarra a Kingdom in the North of Spain bounded on the North by France and the Pyrenean Hills on the East and South by Arragon and on the West by old Castile yet was there a small part of this Kingdom which lay on the North Side of the Mountains on the side of France The Country the incompassed with vast barren Mountains is said to be very fruitful and tolerably level within The Kingdom one of the first that was set up against the Moors began in the person of Garzia Ximenes in 716. and continued under thirty seven successive Princes of its own till 1512. when John de Albert King of Navarre being excommunicated by Pope Julius II. Ferdinando King of Arragon taking the advantage of the little affection his Subjects bore to him seized this Kingdom and drove the miserable Prince over the Alpes into France Baudrand averrs that the Spaniards had no Authority from the Pope to usurp this Kingdom but owns they had a Bull to justifie the keeping of it which needs no great Debate Since that time the Vpper Navarre has been under the Crown of Spain the Lower which is the least in the person of Henry IV. was united to the Crown of France and by Lewis the Thirteenth in the year 1620. incorporated for ever into the said Crown Panipelune in the Vpper is the Capital of the Kingdom In the Lower the principal Town is S. Jean Pie de Port. Naucratis an ancient City of the Kingdom of Egypt It stood near the Mouth of the most Western Branch of the Nile in a Division of its own Name and was the Birth Place of Athenaeus the Deipnosphista who together with Herodotus relates divers Customs of its ancient Inhabitants Naugracut Naugracum a Territory under the Great Mogul in the North Part of Indostan towards Tartary which reacheth to Mount Caucasus It has also a City of the same Name upon the River Ravée which afterwards falls into the Lahor two hundred and twenty Miles from Lahor to the East Naumburgh Neoburgum a City of Misnia in the Vpper Saxony which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Magdeburgh and once an Imperial Free Town It stands upon the River Saal where it receives the River Vnstrut The Bishoprick was Translated to this place from Zeitz in 1028. This City was in latter times under its own Bishop now under the Administrator of the Bishoprick of Newburgh who is of the House of Saxony with a small District belonging to it being yielded to the House of Saxony by the Treaty of Passaw in 1552. It is seated in the Confines of Thuringia eight German Miles from Erford to the East and six from Leipsick to the West The Bishops have been of the Augustane Confession ever since 1564. This City was taken by the United Forces of France and Sweden in 1638. Naxia Naxus called Nascia also Naxos and Strongyle one of the Cyclades is an Island in the Archipelago great populous fruitful eighty four Miles in compass having a City of the same Name which has in it a Greek and a Latin Bishop and eighteen Villages It belonged to the Venetians and was
were levelled by an Earthquake April 1690. At the same time the Sea left its accustomed Bounds a great part of a Mile the Earth vomited hot and fetid Waters its motion Pulses and Openings also all over the Island being such as nothing can be more terrible Neure a River of Kilkenny in Ireland which watereth Ross then falls into the Sewer which separates Leinster from Mounster and falls beneath VVaterford into the Ocean Neusidlersee Peiso a Lake between Austria and the Lower Hungary bteween Raab to the East and Vienna to the West Neustria the Name of a part of the Kingdom of France in use amongst the Writers of the Times of Charlemaigne and his Son to denote the Country from the Saosne and the Meuse to the Loyre and the Ocean It has been since changed into that of Normandy tho the present Dukedom of Normandy makes no more than a part of the ancient Neustria New Albion California an Island on the West of America in North Lat. 38. discovered by Sir Francis Drake in 1578. Newark upon Trent is a fair rich Town in Nottinghamshire seated on the East Bank of the Trent where it divides into two Branches and makes an Island before the Town eleven Miles from Nottingham to the North and in the high Road to York which took its Name from a Castle here built by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln in the Reign of Henry II. which was seized by King Stephen King John died in this Town in 1216. Edward VI. incorporated it and gave it the Privilege of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament It suffered a Siege for its Loyalty in 1643 1644. which was raised by Prince Rupert March 22. It stood firm to the Royal Interest till May 11. 1646. and then was forced to surrender the King being in the Hands of the Scots and all his Forces dissipated This Town gives the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Kingston and is the Capital of its Hundred Newbury Novum burgum a Town on the South of Barkshire upon the River Kennet which at Reading falls into the Thames Called by Antoninus Spinae tho not built now in the same place a fine rich Cloathing Town seated in a Champain Plain Country Made famous by a signal Victory obtained here by Charles I. Septemb. 20. 1643. over the Forces of the Parliament October 27. 1644. there was a second Fight in which tho the King's Forces which were much divided had at first the good Fortune to drive the Enemy out of the Field yet being overpowered by Numbers and fresh Supplies they were at last Routed and the King in great danger of being taken This Battel tho short was the sharpest that was fought in all that War Charles II. added a great Honor to this Place when in 1675. he created Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury New-Castle upon Tine is a strong rich populous Sea-Port Town in Northumberland upon the North Bank of the River Tine but on the Borders of Durham six Miles from the Sea The River is very deep the Haven secure and large the Town stands upon a rising Ground and has a fair Bridge over the River on the South side with an Iron Gate upon it which divides the County of Northumberland from the Bishoprick of Durham near which stands the Castle and over against it the Market-Place and more to the North upon a sleep Hill the Body of the Town fenced with Towers and strong Walls It contains four Parishes amongst which St. Nicholas's Church upon the top of the Hill has the gracefulness of a Cathedral Ships of good burden come up to the very Bridge But the Newcastle-fleet commonly stays at Sheales near the Rivers Mouth This Town for Wealth and Commerce by Sea and Land for all Commodities may well be esteemed the Bristol of the North. Mr. Cambden doth suppose it to have been called Garbosentum by the Romans afterwards Monk-chester and to have taken the name of Newcastle when it was rebuilt by Robert Eldest Son to William the Conqueror and Newcastle upon Tine to distinguish it from Newcastle under Line In the Reign of Edward I. a Rich Man being taken Prisoner in the Town by the Scots after his Ransom began the Fortifications of it and the rest of the Inhabitants finished this Work which made it both safe and rich Richard II. made it a Mayor Town Long. 21. 30. Lat. 57. 34. Thus far Mr. Cambden The Scots in 1640. seized this strong Town and thereby began the Calamities of England which lasted twenty years In 1644. after a long Siege the Scots took it the second time October 19. Lewis Steward Duke of Lenox was created Earl of Newcastle in 1604. by James I. He dying without Issue William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle was by Charles I. created Earl of Newcastle in 1627. Marquess of Newcastle in 1643. and Duke of the same in 1664. by Charles II. to whom succeeded Henry his Son in 1676. The Corporation Elects two members of Parliament Newcastle under Line a large Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill upon the rivulet Line It is a Borough Town and hath the honour of electing two Members of the English Parliament New England a large Country in North America first discovered by Sebastian Cabot under English Colours in 1497. Entred upon for the English by Mr. Philip Amadas in 1584. It lies in forty and forty one deg of North Lat. seventy Miles upon the Ocean which affords it plenty of Harbours The Air is healthful but the Weather very uncertain This Country was first begun to be Planted in 1606. In 1610. one Robinson an Independent Preacher struck in with the Design and much promoted that Plantation It is well watered with Rivers has great variety of Wild Fowl Wild Beasts Timber in abundance Flax Hemp Corn of all sorts Furrs Amber and Iron wherewith the Inhabitants drive a gainful Trade with the other English Plantations in America This Colony is very strong They have built seven great Towns the chief of which is Boston which in 1670. had fifty Sail of Ships belonging to it They would never submit to any Governour sent from England but lived like a Free State till a Quo Warranto being sent against them in 1683. by K. Charles II. they submitted to Henry Cranfield Esq and in 1686. accepted Sir Edward Andrews as Governour for King James II. The Dukedom of Newenburg Neoburgum called by the French Neubourg is a Tract in Germany in Nortgow upon the Danube part of which lies in the Circle of Bavaria and part in Schwaben Heretofore a part of the Dukedom of Bavaria till Maximilian I. granted it to the Children of Rupert Prince Palatine This Line ended in 1559. in the Person of Henry after whom Succeeded Philip Lewis Duke of Deuxponts or Zweybrucken in which Family it still is It takes its name from Newburg Neoburgum a City in Bavaria upon the Danube four Leagues from Donawert in Schwaben to
North America in the Province of Acadia was taken by the English and restored to the French by the Treaty of Breda in 1667. It stands at the bottom of the Bay of France and has a safe and large Harbour Port Royal a Port in Florida near Virginia Port Royal a celebrated Nunnery near Cheureuse in France six Leagues from Paris Port Royal a Port on the South of Jamaica in the Hands of the English by whom the Town was built Which before the late dreadful Earthquake 1692 ruined the greatest part of it had in it above one thousand and five hundred Houses and extended twelve Miles in length extremely populous it being the Scale of Trade in that Island It is seated at the end of a long point of Land which makes the Harbor and runs into the Main about twelve Miles having the Sea on the South and the Harbor on the North. The Harbor is about three Leagues broad and in most places so deep that a Ship of one thousand Tun may lay her sides to the Shoar of the Point Lead and Unload at pleasure and it affords good Anchorage all over For the security of it there is built a very strong Castle always well Garrisoned with Soldiers and has sixty pieces of Cannon mounted Yet this Town stands upon a loose Sand which affords neither Grass Stone fresh Water Trees nor any other thing that could encourage the building of a Town besides the goodness and convenience of the Harbor Porto Sabione Edron a Port on the Gulph of Venice near Chiosa Fossa Clodia a City in that State twenty five Miles from Venice Porto di Salo Salorius a Port in Catalonia four Miles from Tarragona towards Barcinone Porto Santo Cerne one of the Azore Islands discovered by the Portuguese in 1428 and by them called Ilha de Puerto Santo Not far from the Madera about eight Leagues in Circuit Porto Seguro a City Port and Prefecture in Brasil in South America upon the Sea Coast under the Portuguese The Prefecture lyes betwixt that called los Isleos and the other of Spiritu Santo Port Uendres Portus Veneris a large Port in the County of Russilion upon the Mediterranean Sea in the Borders of Catalonia Seventeen Miles from Perpignan to the North-East It has this name from a Temple dedicated to Venus in the times of Paganism which stood near it Porto Uenere Portus Venerii Portus Veneris a Town in the States of Genoua which has a Haven and a Castle built by the Genouese in 1113 seated over against the Isle of Palmaria Sixty Miles from Genoua and three from the Gulph del Spezza to the East Porto Uiejo a Town and Port in Peru in South America upon the Pacifick Ocean in the Province and not far from the City Quito Porto Zora Pisidon a City of Africa Propria mentioned by Ptolemy now called Zora by the Europeans and Zuarat by the Moors It is a strong Place which has a large Harbor belonging to it in the Kingdom of Tunis one hundred and twenty Miles from Tripoli to the West taken and plundered by the Knights of Malta not long since Portsmouth Portus Magnus a Town in Hampshire in the Hundred of Ports down of great Antiquity called by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Great Haven the Old Town then stood higher up The New Town is built upon an Island called Portsey which is about fourteen Miles in Circuit and at a full Tide floats in Salt Water by a Bridge on the North joined to the Continent The Town is fortified with a Timber Wall covered with Earth on the North-East near the Gate it has a Fort and two Block-Houses at the entry of the Haven built of hewen Stone by Edward IV. and Henry VII To which Qu. Elizabeth added other Works and a Garrison to watch and defend the Place The latter Princes have built Store-houses for all sorts of Naval Provisions and Docks for the building of Ships In Mr. Cambdens time it was more resorted to on the account of War than Commerce and had little other Trade than what arose from the boiling of Salt But since its Trade is much encreased It is grown populous a good Nursery for Sea-men and a Corporation represented by two Burgesses in the Lower House of Parliament Giving also the Title of Dutchess to the Lady Louisa de Querouaille Created by K. Charles II. 1673. Baroness of Petersfield Countess of Farnham and Dutchess of Portsmouth Portugal Lusitania Portugallia a Kingdom on the West of Spain bounded on the West by the Atlantick Ocean on the South by Algarve which is annexed to this Kingdom on the East by Andalusia Extremadura and Leon and on the North by Gallicia It lies on the Sea Coast from North to South four hundred Miles not above one hundred where broadest and eighty in the narrower places eight hundred and seventy nine in Compass Divided into five Provinces to wit Entre Douero è Minho Tra los Montes Beira Estremadura and Alentejo or Entre Tejo è Guadiana whereunto was added Algarve under Alphonsus III. with the Title of a Kingdom The principal Rivers are those four expressed in the Names of the Provinces Douero Minho Tajo and Guadiana which furnish the Kingdom with very convenient Ports It was anciently called Lusitania from the the Lusitani its first Inhabitants and took the present Name about the fifth Century from Poriocale a celebrated Mart. The Air is generally healthful the Earth Hilly and Barren especially as to Corn which is much of it imported from France But it yields Wine Fruits Fish Game Salt Horses and Mines And is so very populous about Spain especially towards the Sea that they reckon more than four hundred Cities or great privileged Towns three Archbishopricks ten Bishopricks and above four thousand Parishes This Kingdom is said to be founded by one Henry Earl of Lorain about 1099. For this Prince having shewn much Gallantry in the Wars against the Moors was by Alphonsus VI. King of Castile rewarded with the Marriage of Teresia a Natural Daughter of his and a part of this Kingdom with the Title of an Earl The Son of this Henry Alphonsus I. having in 1139. in the Battel of Obrique defeated five Moorish Kings assumed the Title of King This Prince assembled the Estates of his Kingdom at Lamego in the Province of Beira who there passed a Law called the Law or Statute of Lamego for the exclusion of Strangers from the Crown which remains in full force to this day His Posterity enjoyed this Kingdom and very much inlarged it by Victories against the Moors at home and by the Discovery of several unknown Countries abroad for seventeen Descents Amongst which John I. styled the Father of his Country succeeded in 1385. tho only the Natural Son of Peter I. the King save one immediately preceding his ascension But Sebastian a young Prince who succeeded King John III. in 1557. perishing in a Battel in Africa in 1580. and Henry dying soon after who was a
Pius II. It was a flourishing University in 1386. but when founded is not known to me Several Popes Alexander III. Pius II. Pius III. Alexander VII and great Men have been Natives of this place its greatest glory is S. Catherine of Siena a Dominican who persuaded Pope Gregory IX to leave Avignon She died in 1380. Canonized by Pope Pius II. in 1461. Sierra-Liona a chain of Mountains upon the Frontiers of Nigritia and Guinee in Africa therefore placed sometimes in the one and sometimes in the other by Writers It gives name to the River Sierra-Liona and to a large African Kingdom whither the English French Dutch and Porteguese traffick for Ivory Ambergrease Pepper Crystal Coral pieces of Gold c. The English for the security of their Commerce built themselves a Fort upon the River Sierra-Liona which in 1664 was lost to the Dutch In 1607 the King of this Country with his Family and others received Christian Baptism of Father Barreira a Portuguese Jesuit of the Mission The Portuguese called him Dom Philippe de Lion in allusion to the name of his Kingdom The present King is also a Christian tho the greatest part of the People Heathens His Kingdom extends from Cape Verga to Cape Tagrin and hath its name from the noise of the Sea against the Rocks and the thunder from the Mountains of it resembling the roaring of a Lion Sierras-Nevadas a Chain of Mountains in Castile d'Or in South America extended the space of forty Leagues and accounted two in height being tho near the Line in the hottest seasons always covered on the top with Snow as it is intimated in its Name Siga a City of Mauritania Caesariensis in Africa with a Port upon the Mediterranean in the Kingdom of Algiers It is an ancient City and in Christian times has been a Bishop's See Now called Humain A River of its own name Siga falls into the Mediterranean here Sigan a City of the Province of Xensi in China which is the Capital over thirty five other Cities Sige and Sigeium Promontorium an ancient Episcopal City of Troas in Asia minor ruined For the Promontory see Janizzari Sigeth Salinae Metuharis a strong Town the Head of a County of the same Name in the lower Hungary seated in a Marsh made by the River Alme two Hungarian Miles from the Drave seven from Alba Regalis to the South and five from Quinque Ecclesiae to the West It has a very strong Castle fortified with three Ditches and as many Walls which added to the situation of it make it very considerable Solyman the Magnificent ended his Life at Quinque Ecclesiae during the Siege of this place which was yielded to the Turks September 7. 1566 after a Defence that wanted nothing but Success to have rendered it the most celebrated that has happened Nicolas Esdrin Count of Serini Governour of it being slain in the last Sally which he made at the head of his remaining Forces It is now in the Emperor's hands by re-conquest surrendred January 15 1688. The Imperialists found therein eighty five pieces of Cannon § There is another Town of the same Name in the Vpper Hungary near the Fountains of the Tibiscus in the Principality of Transylvania Sign a Venetian Garrison in Dalmatia besieged by the Turks twenty four days in 1687 and relieved by the Forces of the Republick under General Cornaro Silaro Silarus a River in the Kingdom of Naples in former times the Boundary of Lucania and now often called il Selo and il Silaro It ariseth in the Hither Principate from the Apennine and falls into the Bay of Salerno eighteen Miles from that City to the East Il Sile Silis a River in the States of Venice which watereth the City of Treviso and then falls into the Adriatick Sea Silesia a great Province in the Kingdom of Bohemia called by the Inhabitants Slisko by the Poles Slusko by the Germans Schlesien Bounded on the East by Poland on the North by the Marquisate of Brandenburgh on the West with Lusatia and Bohemia properly so called on the South with Moravia and the Vpper Hungary It was for eight hundred and sixty years a part of Poland and revolted from that Crown under Vladislaus Loch King of Poland in 1327. In the fifteenth Century this Country generally imbraced the Doctrines of John Hus which were tolerated by Rhodolphus II. in 1609. It had at first several Princes of Royal and Sovereign Jurisdictions in their several Principalities which together with the Piastean Family ended in the Person of George William in 1675 whereupon that Country returned entirely to the Emperor as King of Bohemia having been above three hundred years ago united to the Kingdom of Bohemia The Principal Cities and Towns in this Province are Brieg Crossen Glogaw Grotkaw Jawer Lignitz Monsterberg Olss Troppaw Oppelen Ratibor Sagan Schweidnitz Volaw and Breslaw which is the Capital City of this Country It is divided into the Vpper and Lower Silesia The Isles of Silly Silurum Insulae Casiterides a knot of Islands in the Vergivian Ocean to the West of the Land's end of Cornwal an hundred and twenty Miles South of the Coast in Ireland sixty from the Land's end and an hundred and forty from Cape S. Mahe in Britagne The French call them the Sorlingues They are and ever have been under the Crown of England in all above an hundred and forty five all clad with Grass or green Moss The greatest of them is S. Mary which has a Town and Harbor of the same Name Where Queen Elizabeth in 1593 built a Castle to defend it from the Spaniards and fixed a Garrison in it King Athelstane was the first of the Saxon Kings that conquered them See Cambden Simmeren a Town and County in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany The Town hath a Castle belonging to it Simois a small River of Troas in Phrygia in the Lesser Asia It arileth out of Mount Ida and joining with the Scamander falls into the Archipelago together with it near Cape Janizari at the entrance into the Streights of Gallipoli Sin Sina a City in the Kingdom of China in the Province of Choquang seated at the foot of a Mountain § Also a Desart betwixt the Mountains Elim and Sinai in Arabia whither the Israelites in their March came the fifteenth day after their departure from Egypt and murmuring for hunger were relieved by an extraordinary Rain of Quails and Manna Exod. 16. 4. 13. Sinai a part of the Mountain Horeb upon the Coast of the Red Sea in the Stony Arabia separated by a large Valley from the Mountain of S. Catherine It hath at some distance from its foot a Spring of good Water and upon the top two Grotto's in Rocks at this day said to be the place where Moses received the Tables of the Law and where he passed his forty days fast It is now wholly covered with a Multitude of Chappels Convents Cells and Gardens possessed by some Latin amongst a crowd of
by the constant Tradition of the Country thereabouts confirmed by their situation in the Plains of Shinar in Chaldaea the same Place and by their Construction in the most solid parts with Burnt-brick and Slime the same Matter with Babel expressed in Gen. xi 2. 3. The Basis of them approaches nigh to a Square containing in circuit about 1150 Paces and the height terminates almost every where in Pyramidal Points First built by the general concurrence of the Families of the Sons of Noah under Nimrod whether for an Asylum against a second Deluge or a Memorial of the former and of their Names to continue after their separation into several Parts none know according to Chronologers about the hundred and seventieth year after the Flood of Noah Whereof the Greek and Latin Poets after many Ages coming to a confused sense they embellished the Story with Fictions of Giants scaling Heaven upon Mountains laid upon Mountains It seems the Undertaking was so displeasing by the History of Genesis to God that to stop it he broke the one common universal Speech of the Builders into all the jarring and disconsonant Languages of Mankind at this day The Tower of Leander a square Fortress upon a Rock in the midst of the Hellespont betwixt the Point of the Seraglio at Constantinople and Scutari on the other side in Asia Yielding a charming Prospect of the City and Country about Constantinople The Turks guard it with several Pieces of Canon calling it in their Language Khescalasi the Castle of the Young Maid as the Europeans do the Tower of Leander in allusion to the story of Hero and Him tho it stands in a quite different place than where Leander by the Relation did swim Towridge a River in Devonshire upon which Torrington Bediford and Hatherley are all situated Trabisonda Trapezus a great City on the Euxine Sea in the Lesser Asia which is the Capital of Cappadocia Called by the Inhabitants Trabosan by the French Trebisonde by the Italians Trabisonda and Trebisonda An Archbishops See the Seat of a Turkish Governour and has a large safe Haven In 1204. Alexis Comnenus established a Kingdom over Cappadocia Paphlagonia Pontus and other Provinces with the Title of the Kingdom of Trebizonde from this its Capital City It continued under Princes of its own of the Family of Lascara from 1261. to 1460 when taken by Mahomet II. Emperor of the Turks In 1616. this City was sacked by the Cossacks It is built at the Foot of an Hill Long. 71. 06. Lat. 44. 03. Traerback a Town upon the Moselle in the County of Spanheim eighteen Miles from Luxemburgh between Trier and Coblentz The King of France's erecting a new Fort over against this Place in 1687 occasioned a great Dispute in the Imperial Diets whether it was not a Violation of the twenty years Truce tho he erected it upon the Grounds re-united to his Crown Tragonara The same with Dragonara Trajanopoli Trajanopolis a City of Thrace which is an Archbishops See upon the River Hebro or Mariza eleven German Miles beneath Adrianople to the South Now very small and not much inhabited Trajanopolis See Islenos § There was another ancient City of this Name in the Island of Sicily An Archbishops See in the time of Pope Gregory the Great The Greeks called it Draginae Trajeto Trajectum an Episcopal City in the Terra di Lavaro in the Kingdom of Naples Tralles an ancient City of Lydia in the Lesser Asia which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ephesus or Sardis Entirely now ruined Trani Tranium Trana a City in the Province di Bari in the Kingdom of Naples which is great and populous the See of an Archbishop It stands in a fruitful Soil upon the Adriatick Sea and had heretosore a great Haven which is now stopped with Sand. Frederick II. built a strong Castle in it to defend it against the Saracens In 1589. a Provincial Council was held here Long. 40. 39. Lat. 41. 15. Transchin a County in the Vpper Hungary upon the River Vag betwixt Silesia to the North Moravia to the South Turocz to the West and Neytracht to the East It s capital Town bears the same name Tranfissalane See Over-Yssel Transylvania Septemcastrensis Erdelia a Province of the Vpper Hungary called by the Natives Erdely by the Germans Sievenburgh by the Dutch Sevenburgh by the Poles Siedmigrodka by the Sclavonians Gradikaziemia by the Turks Ertel and by the Italians Transylvania Bounded on the North by Red Russia a Province of Poland on the East by Walachia and Moldavia on the South by the latter and Hungary on the West by the Vpper Hungary The principal Places in it are Hermanstadt Alba Julia or Weissenburgh Clausenburgh Bistriz or Besterze Schiesburgh or Segeswar Medwisch or Megies and Croonstadt or Breslaw Separated from its Neighbours by the Carpathian Hills which encompass it It s length from East to West is sixty eight French Leagues its breadth sixty two It affords great plenty of Corn Wine Cattel not destitute of Mines of Gold Silver and Salt This Prince is able to raise about twenty thousand Men for War After the Saxons who cultivated this Country very much the Romans were Masters of it in the time of Trajan The Religion prosessed ever since 1561. is the Augustane Confession but mixed with Calvinists Socinians and some that follow the Greek Rites and some Turks This Principality was separated from Hungary by John King of Hungary in 1541. In 1571. Stephen Battori Prince of Transylvania and afterwards King of Poland endeavoured in vain the re-establishment of the Roman Catholick Religion Christopher Battori his Brother and Successor founded a College of Jesuits at Clausenbourgh but dying in 1583. Sigismond Son to Christopher and Successor was constrained to disperse it in 1588. Others reckon its Princes from John Hunadies made Vaivode hereof by Vladislaus IV. Michael Abafti the twenty third Prince from John Huniades who succeeded John Kemeni in 1661 by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt May 9. 1688 with the full consent of the States of Transylvania made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor and the King of Hungary to endure for ever Which till then was tributary to and had its Prince after his Election by the States confirmed by the Grand Seignor Accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal Places The said Prince dying April 1690 the States in a general Assembly resolved firmly to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor and the young Prince Son to the deceased he being confirmed by the Emperor in the Succession against all the Pretences of Count Teckely or the Ottoman Port according to the Ten or of the said Treaty And thus they remain intirely incorporated with the Crown of Hungary under the Protection of the Emperour Trapano or Trapani Drepanum a City in Sicily in the Valley of Mazara which is a celebrated Mart and has a large and safe Harbor on the Western Shoar of that Island Twenty two Miles from
negligence of the Spaniards grew so strong and numerous that all their after Attempts signified nothing Their Sugars which at first were coarse and would quickly melt if not spent are now improved to a great Perfection This Island is not well Watered with Rivers or fresh Springs yet lying now they want not that Element being supplied by Pools Ponds and Cisterns It is very fruitful and enjoys a perpetual Summer Hot but cooled by the Briezes which rise with the Sun and blow fresher as the Sun gets higher The chief Town of this Island is S. Michaels situate at the bottom of Carlisle Bay in the Southern part of the Island where Ships have a very secure Harbor Barbara a small Village in the Island of Sicily but once a City of great Fame and much taken notice of by Greek and Latin Writers under the several names of Aegesta Egesta Acesta and Segesta c. It lies 22 Miles from the Promontory and City of Drepanum now called Trapano to the North-West and 40 from Palermo upon the Western Shoar of the Island near it runs a small River which now beareth the name of S. Bartholomew Barbary Barbaria a large Country in the Western part of Africa lying a considerable length from East to West but not of equal breadth it is bounded on the North by the Mediterranean Sea on the East by Egypt on the West by the Atlantick Ocean and on the South by the Atlantick Mountains which separate it from Biledulgeridia In the times of the Roman Empire this vast Tract of Land was divided into divers Provinces viz. Mauritania Tingitana Casariensis Sitifensis Numidia Africa propria Byzacena Tripolitana Marmorica and Cyreniaca it is now divided into the Kingdoms of Fez Morocco Algiers Constantine antiently Cirta Tunis and Tripoly with the Territory of Barcana This Country was in antient times subject to the Commonwealth of Carthage and the great Kings of Mauritania and Numidia after it fell into the Romans Possession I have shew'd how they divided it Here was a most flourishing Church till the 5 Century in the begining of which the Vandals then Arians entered it and brought in their Heresie with them but that which more effectually contributed to the ruin of Christianity here was the Conquest of it by the Moors in 647 when one Hucha a famous General whom Osmen the Third Caliph of the Saracens imployed to that purpose finally expell'd the Romans and ever since the Moors have possessed it who being the most enraged Enemies of Christianity that ever professed the Mahometan Law have so far extirpated Christianity that there is very few if any of the Inhabitants of this vast Tract of Land which profess it Barbela a River in the Kingdom of Congo in Africa which falls into the River Zaire which washeth the Walls of S. Saviour or Banza the Capital of this Kingdom Barbenzon Barbentio a Principality in Hainaut Barberino Barberinum a small Town in Tuscany in Italy from whence the Noble Family of the Barberines receive their name of which Family Pope Vrban VIII was who succeeded Gregory XV. and sate 21. Years viz. from 1623. to 1644. This small Town is built upon an Hill in the Road between Florence and Siena 16 Miles from the former toward the South Barbowyna Berbis a Village of the lower Hungary where the Ruins of an antient Roman Town are yet seen upon the Drave 3 German Miles from Quinque Ecclesiae towards the South Barbuda or Barbada one of the Caribby Islands in America under the English but of no very great Account It is in length 15 Miles Lat. North 17. d. â— Barca Marmorica a small Kingdom in Africa on the West of Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea under the Empire of the Turks But there is no Town of any note in it there is adjoining to it a Desart called by the same name Barceâ— Barcetum a Castle in the Dukedom of Parma between the Rivers of Parma and Taro and the Apennine 22 Miles from Parma toward the South and 16 from Pentremoli There was antiently a very famous Monastery built here by the Kings of the Lombards Barcelona Barcino a City of Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona and an University it has an excellent Port upon the Mediterranean Sea well Traded and also a Castle This City is the Capital of that Province and esteemed one of the best Cities of Spain Built by Hamilcar a Carthaginian and called by his Punick Sirname of Barca In the Year of our Lord 805. it was recovered out of the hands of the Moors by S. Lewis King of France it is seated between the outlet of the River Badelona Baetulo which runs on the Eastern sides and that of Lobregat Rubicatus which at the distance of 2 Miles on the Eastern side falls into the Mediterranean Sea It stands 12 Leagues from Tarragona East and 16 from â—â—rona towards the South and 13 from Ossuna Taken by the French in 1640 but returned under the Spaniard in 1652 after a very sharp Siege This City was Honored with the Title of an Earldom by Lewis the Good after he had taken it from the Saracens Charles the Gross gave this Earldom to Godfrey d'Arria for his Service against the Normans and his Heirs after the Death of Raimond the last Earl it was united to the Kingdom of Arragon in 1162. There were 3 small Councils celebrated in this City one in 540. one in 603. and the last in 1064. James II. King of Arragon died here in 1327 Alfonsus IV. in 1336. and John II. in 1479. Barcelonette a Town and Valley in Provence heretofore now in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy Built or rebuilt by Raimond V. Earl of Provence in 1231 who called it by this name in memory that his Ancestors came into Provence from Barcelona in Spain Barcelor a City of the East-Indies under the Dominion of the King of Bisnagar upon the Sea Shoar between Goa and Canora It lies in almost 15 d. of Northern Lat. and Long. 105. This City was some time under the Portuguese but is now recovered bythe King of Bisnagnar a potent Indian Prince It was also heretofore the Capital of a distinct Kingdom Barcelos Celiobriga a small Town in Portugal Honored with the Title of a Dukedom It lies in the County of Entre Douro é minho upon the River Cavado which not far from thence falls into the Atlantick Ocean 6 Leagues North of Porto and 4 West of Braga Barcena Coloe a Marsh in Aethiopia out of which ariseth the River of Astapus as Ptolomy saith Bardewic a most antient City in Saxony within a Mile of Lunenburg said to be built 990 Years before the coming of our Saviour Bardi a People amongst the antient Gauls in very great Esteem with them for Poetry and Musick supposed to dwell about Montbard or Mont-Barri in Latin Mons Bardorum a Mountain in the Territory of Auxois in Burgundy which still retains their Name Bardt a
3 years and ended in the total subversion of this City An. Mundi 3803. Yet it was made a Roman Colony and rebuilt under the Gracchi 25 years after the Ruin of it and was as Vell. Paterculus affirms the first Colony the Romans sent out of Italy After this it flourished greatly and the Primate of it had 125 Suffragan Bishops under him A Council held here in the year 348. condemned the Rebaptization of such as were baptized by Hereticks And divers others were here assembled in the Primitive Ages sometimes by the Catholick Prelates sometimes by the Schismaticks and Hereticks as they are called in the Languages of their respective Communities An. Christi 432 it was taken by Gensericus King of the Vandals In the year 533 under the Reign of Justinian it was recovered back to the Roman Empire About the year 632 it fell into the hands of the Saracens who made it Tributary only before the year 684 they took it again and treated the Inhabitants with great cruelty About 690 Justinian II. recovered it again from them About the year 703 the Saracens returned the third time and made a third Conquest of it ever since which time they have enjoyed it to the total ruin of Christianity and when in 1269. it was again retaken by Lewis IX the Saracens soon recovered it and totally ruined it This City lies 15 Miles West from Tunis Long. 34. 50. Lat. 32. 20. § The Spaniards have given the Name of Carthage to a Town also of New-Spain in America in the Province of Costa ricca which stands in the middle of the Country betwixt the 2 Seas Carthagnea Carthago Nova a City of Murcia in Spain built by Asdrubal one of the Carthaginian Generals in that Kingdom It was afterwards brought under the Dominion of the Romans by Scipio Polybius gives an accurate Description of this City in his X Book and Livy in his XXIV The Moors becoming Masters of it totally ruined that antient Pile and it lay buried almost 600 years in Rubbish when in 1570. Philip II. King of Spain rebuilt it It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo three Leagues from Murcia to the South and about 84. from Gibraltar to the North-East Long. 20. 35 Lat. 38. 02. Carthagenia Nueva Carthago Nova a City of New Granata in South America which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Santa Fe de Bogota Also a safe and very large Port defended by 2 Forts and washed by the River of S. Magdalen where the Spanish Fleet ordinarily rendezvous Yet was this important place taken by our famous Drake in 1585. This was also the first place the Spaniards Walled in the West-Indies It lies in Long. 299. 30. Lat. 3. 10. 22 Leagues from S. Jago de Arma in the Province of Quimbaia otherwise now called the Province of Carthagena from hence which has the Government of S. Martha to the East Popayon to the South and the Ocean to the North. Carththuel Carduelia a Province of Georgia in Asia in which is Teflis the greatest City in that Kingdom Cartmell a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale Casale Bodincomagus a strong City the Capital of the Dukedom of Montferat in Italy It was raised to the honor of a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan by Pope Sixtus IV. in 1474. seated on the South side of the Po with a very strong Castle built of late years and was made famous by a Defeat of the Spaniards in 1640. when the French took this City but in 1652. lost it again It stands 4 Miles from Trino to the East now under the Dominion of the Duke of Mantua who is himself under the protection of the French But the ill Air it stands in and the Contests of Princes has made it very thinly inhabited § Casal or Casal Maggiore a small Town in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy and in the Territory of Lodi near the Po. § Casal Pustrulengo a small Town betwixt Lodi and Piacenza in the same Country Casalmach Iris a vast River in Cappadocia in the lesser Asia which riseth out of Mount Argius in the Borders of Armenia Minor above Sebastia now Savastia and having increased its Streams by the addition of several Rivers it passeth on the East of Tochat and Amasia to the Euxine Sea between Limania to the East and Simisio to the West Casan Casana a very considerable City in Muscovy upon the River Casanka in a pleasant Plain about 10 German Miles from the Northern Shoar of the Wolga in Long. 99. 00. Lat. 55. 38. Of a considerable bigness but the Houses are all of Wood as also the Towers and Ramparts only the Castle and its Fortifications are all of Stone which are well furnished with Cannon and a good Garrison The River Casanka serves it instead of a Ditch by all which it is made a very considerable Fortress The Town is inhabited by Muscovites and Tartars but the latter are forbidden entring the Castle upon pain of Death This City as Olearius acquaints us was taken by John Basilovits Duke of Muscovy from Sapgery a Tartarian Prince July 9. 1552. There is a Province belonging to it of the same Name which of itself is very fertile and good but in a manner desolate by reason of the Incursions of the Cossacks This was the State of things here in 1636. Casbin or Caswin Casbinum Arsacia one of the greatest Cities of the Kingdom of Persia in the Province of Ayrach or Parthia towards the Caspian Sea Long. 85. 00. Lat. 36. 15. Heretofore called Arsacia and is seated in a great Sandy Plain which is half a days Journey off Mount Elwend which runs to the South-West as far as Bagdat The City is a German Mile in compass having neither Walls nor Garrison but is inhabited by 100000 People Heretofore the usual Residence of the Kings of Persia It stands 65 German Miles North of Hispahan and the same distance from Tauirs to the South-East Caschaw Cassovia a City of the Upper Hungary and Capital of the Province Abanvivar seated upon the rapid River of Hewath or Kunnert which soon after falls into that of Tarcza which enters the Tibiscus by Dob This City is under the Emperor as King of Hungary but was lately in a manner free till setting up Count Teckely as their King it was retaken by the Imperialists in 1685. who have since bridled them with a very strong Garrison It is very well fortified and has the best Arsenal in all Hungary about 4 German Miles from Esperies to the South and 11 from Agria to the North-East Long. 43 32. Lat. 48. 32. Cascar or Kasghar by others called Chazalg a City and Kingdom in Turquestan in Tartary The Kingdom of Thibet stands South of it Caserta Caserta a small City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples near the River Volturno which is a Principality and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua from whence it stands 4 Miles to the East
The Capital of its hundred upon the River Bane and in the division of Lindsey Horndiep Arnapa a small River of Holland which ariseth in Drent a Territory of Over Yssel and flowing through Groningen a little beneath Hunsen falls into the River Reit Diep after it has watered the City of Groningen Horndon on the Hill a Market Town in the County of Essex in the hundred of Barstable Horomelt one of the Names of Greece Horsham a Market Town in the County of Sussex in Bramber Rape It is a large Borough Town having the Election of 2 Parliament-men situated near S. Leonards Forest Horti Hortanum See Orta Houdain Hodanum a small French City in la Beausse or in the Government of the Isle of France according to others near Chartres two Leagues from Dreux to the North-East and eight from Paris to the West upon the River Vegre La Houlme Holmesia a small District in Normandy between the River Orne Olina and the Territory of le Mans in which there is no Town of note Howden a Market Town in the E. riding of Yorkshire giving Name to a small Territory call'd Howdenshire near the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Derwent Hoy Dumma an Island of Scotland which is one of the Orcades three Miles from the Island of Mainland call'd also Hethy Hoye Hoya a small Town in Westphalia upon the River Weser two German Miles from Ferden to the South and from Newburg to the North the Capital of the Earldom von Hoye in Westphalia which was under Earls of its own till 1582. when upon the Death of Otto the last of them it fell to the Duke of Brunswick Zell Hudsons Bay an Arm of the Sea North of Estoiteland in the North America discovered by one Hudson an Englishman in 1612. Hudwicswaldt a City or Town in the Province of Helsing in the Kingdom of Sweden on the Baltick Sea towards the Province of Middlepad Huccar Vero a River of Spain Hued or Hued-il-Barbar Icer Serbes a River in the Kingdom of Algiers in Africa which derives its head from the Atlas and takes so many turnings and returnings amongst the Mountains that betwixt Bonne and Tunis it comes to be passed twenty five times At length falls into the Mediterranean Sea They Fish for Coral upon its Banks Hued Nijar Niger a River of Africa in Aethiopia Hued el Quiber Nasabath a River in the Kingdom of Algier Huesca Faventia Calicula Vesci Osca Escua a City in the Kingdom of Granada See Horiguela which is the same City § There is another Town of the same Name in the Kingdom of Arragon upon the River Ysuela fourteen Miles from Saragosa to the North-East and twenty from Lerida to the North-West This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of aragossa and call'd by the ancients Osca Illergetum A Council was celebrated at it in 598. Huetca a Dutchy in New Castile upon the Confines of the Kingdoms of Granada and Murcia Hull Petuaria Hullum a Town and River in the East Riding of Yorkshire The Town is seated upon the West Bank of the River where it entereth the Humber twenty six Miles from York to the South-East and eleven from the Spurn Head or British Sea to the North-West Of no great Antiquity Edward I. purchasing the Ground of the Abbat of Meaux and built the Town which thereupon was called Kings-Town He made the Haven also granted the Town a Charter and divers Liberties by which means it grew to that it now is being for stately Houses strong Forts well furnished Ships Merchandize and plenty of all things the best in this part of England The Inhabitants ascribe much also to Michael de la Poole Duke of Suffolke who procured them many Privileges after he was by Richard II. made Duke of Suffolk Their gainful Fisheries on the Coast of Iseland had its share in this growth Being grown Rich they Walled the Town Paved their Streets raised their chief Magistrates from a Warden to Bailiffs at last in the Reign of Henry VI. got the Honor of a Mayor and that the Town should be a County Charles the Martyr Treasured up here a goodly Magazine for the benefit of his Subjects but when he came to use it April 23. 1642 he was most unworthily and undutifully excluded by Sir John Hotham which on the twenty fifth of the same Month was by the Parliament justified being upon the matter the first act of Hostility against that Holy Prince Hotham the Son was routed April 11. 1643. at Ancaster by Colonel Cavendish And both Father and Son came to be Beheaded by their Fellows Rebels the first in 1644. and the other in 1645. for intending to return to their Allegiance The River of Hull riseth by Kilham in the same County and passing on the East of Beverley at the distance of a Mile falls into the Humber between Hull and Dripole being Navigable up to Beverley and perhaps higher Hulst Hulstum a City in the Low-Countries in Flanders near Gaunt small but very well fortified the Capital of the Territory of Waes taken by the Dutch in 1645. and kept by them ever since It stands five Leagues from Antwerp to the West and seven from Gaunt to the North-West Humago Cissa an Island near Histria Humain Siga a City of Mauritania in Africa Humana a ruined City in the Marca Anconitana Humber Abus one of the principal Rivers of England or rather an Arm of the Sea into which many of the Rivers of this part of England empty themselves on the North it hath Yorkshire on the South Lincolnshire out of the first of these it receives the River of Hull then the Ouse which bringeth with it Derwent the Swale the Your the Wharf the Are Calder and the Dun then the Trent which divides Nottingham from Lincolnshire and brings many other with it as the Darwen the Manifold the Stoure and many others above Barton it receives the Ankam out of Lincolnshire the Mouth by which these Streams enter the German Ocean being almost seven Miles wide Humble Homelia a small River of Hantshire which rising by Bushwaltham and watering Boteley forms an Haven called Humble Haven on the East of St. Andrew's Castle over against the Isle of Wight where it entereth the British Sea Hungaria Pannonia inferior is one of the Noblest but most unfortunate Kingdoms next to Greece in Europe The Natives call it Magiar the Poles Wegierska the Germans Vngarn and the French Hungary On the North it is bounded with the Vpper Poland and Red Russia the Carpathian Mountains interposing between it and them on the East with Transylvania and Moldavia on the West with Stiria Austria and Moravia and on the South with Sclavonia and Servia Baudrand including Sclavonia bounds it on the South with Croatia Bosnia and Servia It extends in length from Presburgh along the Danube to the Borders of Transylvania the space of three hundred English Miles and one hundred and ninety of the same in breadth it takes in all
to the West and sixteen from Magdeburg to the South It has a Castle called Pleisenburg and an University opened here by Frederick Marquess of Misnia in 1409. Upon the Banishment of the followers of Jerome of Prague from that City four thousand Students retiring to this In 1520. Luther disputed here with Eckius against the Popes Supremacy soon after which they embraced the Reformation In 1547. this City which then belonged to Maurice Duke of Saxony was besieged by John the Elector of that House in the Month of January Maurice tho a Protestant having joined with the Emperour against the rest of the Augustane Princes who had taken Arms for the defence of their Religion and Liberty against Charles V. And although the City was not then taken yet it was much defaced by the Battery and its Suburbs burnt In 1630. Gustavus Adolphus gave the Forces of Ferdinand II. a great defeat near this place In 1642. the Swedes defeated the Forces of Ferdinand III. under the Arch-Duke Leopold and Piccolomineo and thereupon the City was forced to yield it self to the Victorious Swedes It is not great but rich by reason of its Mart twice every year and the great concourse of Students to this University Leyte Leyta Lutis a River of Austria which washing the Town Prurck adder Leyta in the Lower Austria at Altemburg falls into the Danube three Hungarian Miles from Presburg to the South and six from Javarin Lez Ledum Liria a River of Languedoc it ariseth three Miles above Montpellier and a little beneath falls by the Lake of Maguelone into the Mediterranean Sea See Les. Lhon See Lippe Lhundain the Welsh Name of London Lhydaw the Name of Bretagne a Province in France in some of the Writers of the middle Ages Liacura Parnassus a Mountain in Greece in Achaia Liamone Pitanus or Ticarius a River in the Isle of Corsica Liampo the most Easternly Cape of all the Continent of China in the East-Indies taking its Name from a Town so called in the Province of Chechiara Lianne Liana Elna a small River in Picardy in France which ariseth in the Confines of Artois and flowing through the County of Bologne by the Capital City of it falls into the British Sea Liasto Liguidon a Sea-Port on the East of Sardinia an Island in the Mediterranean Sea Libano Libanus the greatest and best known Mountain in Syria which alone produceth the Cedar Tree in that Country It beginneth between the Confines of Arabia and Damascus and ends at the Mediterranian Sea near Tripoli having run from East to West one hundred and twenty five Miles It is the oftenest mentioned of any Mountain in the Sacred Scriptures exceeding high and very far spread fruitful and pleasant and was the Northern Boundary of the Holy Land and Mother of the River Jordan Now inhabited by divers Towns and some Cities amongst which is the Seat of the Residence of the Patriarch of the Maronites The Rivers Rochan Nahar-Rossens and Nahar-Cardicha spring from it The Northern part is said to be continually covered with Snow It hath Palestine to the South Mesopotamia to the East and Armenia to the North with one foot in Phoenicia another in Syria and the Mediterranean to the West Opposite to it stands a Mountain called Antilibanus separated only by a Valley See Antilibanus Libaw Liba a Town in the Dukedom of Curland in the Kingdom of Poland which has an Haven on the Baltick Sea in the Confines of Samogitia eighteen German Miles from Memel in Prussia and twenty five from Mittaw the Capital of Semigallia to the West This Town was often taken and retaken in the late Wars between the Swedes and Poles at last by the Treaty of Olive-Kloster in 1660. it was restored to the Duke of Curland Liburnia a Branch of the ancient Illyricum now thrown partly into Croatia and partly into Dalmatia It s principal City was Scardona now Scardo in Dalmatia The Lopsi were some of its ancient people to whom is owing the invention of light Frigats thence called Naves Liburnicae Libya is so considerable a part of Africa in the old Geographies that the Greeks called all Africa Lybia It stood divided into the Exterior and Interior The former lay along the Mediterranean betwixt Egypt and Marmorica or from Egypt South according to others along the left Bank of the Nile as far as to Aethiopia in which space the Desart of Elfocat and the Kingdom and Desart of Gaoga now are contained The other ran from the Mountain Atlas to the River Niger containing the now vast Desart of Zaara And this latter is Libya properly so called Which together with Libya Marmorica now Barca and Libya Cyrenaica makes up a second division that we find in Writers of Libya Lichfield Lichfeldia a City which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Canterbury seated in the County of Stafford twenty four English Miles from Leicester to the West ten from Stafford to the North-East and sixteen from Coventry to the North-West It is a low seated beautiful and large City divided into two parts by a clear Brook which is crossed by Causeys with Sluces in them for the Passage of the Water That part which lies on the South Side of this Water is the greater by far and divided into several Streets and the North Part though less has the Cathedral Church the Close incompassed with a strong Wall in which are the Prebends Houses and the Bishops Palace This has been a Bishops See very long for in the year of our Lord 606. Oswius King of Northumberland having conquered the then Pagan Mercians instituted a Bishoprick and settled Dwina as Bishop here to instruct them in the Christian Faith his Successors were in such esteem with the following Kings of Mercia that they did not only obtain large Possessions for the maintaining the Dignity of this See but were also reputed the Primates of Mercia and Archbishops Ladulph one of them had a Pall sent him as such upon the Golden Solicitations of Offa King of the Mercians about 779. Which Dignity lasted not long for it died with this King and Archbishop Ladulph A Synod held in 1075. ordaining that the Bishops Sees for the future should be settled in the greatest Cities Peter Bishop of Lichfield removed this to Chester Robert Lindsey another of them removed it to Coventry Roger Clinton a third Bishop but the thirty seventh in Succession in 1148. began the beautiful Cathedral here which he dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and S. Chad and rebuilt the Castle which is now intirely ruined The Ciose in the old Rebellion was garrisoned for the King But the Lord Brook a zealous Parliamentarian coming before it March 2. 1642. though the General was slain and so paid dear for his Disloyalty yet the place was taken by that Party The twenty second of that Month the King's Forces returned and besieged it the second time and April 8. after a Defeat of three thousand that came to the Relief of
had heretofore Kings of its own till the Portugueze expelled them But of late the Natives have expelled the Portugueze Matane a Country in Africa East of the Island of Madagascar where the French have some time since established Colonies Matapan Taenarus the most Southern Cape of all Europe in the Morea provided with two good Ports betwixt which the Turks in 1570. built a Fortress to bridle the Mainotes called Castro di Maini But the Venetians soon after destroyed it to favour the Mainotes with their Liberty again Mataya a Province towards the River of Amazons in South America betwixt the Mouth of the Rivers Madera and Tapaysa where they both fall into the River of Amazons Matayone a Dutchy in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples supposed to be the Magdalonum or the Meta Leonis of the Ancients Matera Mateola a City in the Province of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples in the Borders of the Basilicate and of the Territory of Bari upon the River Canapro seated in a Valley surrounded on all sides with Mountains This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari and now in a very good state it stands thirty six Miles from Taranto to the North-West and twenty five from Bari to the South-West Long. 40. 45. Lat. 40. 42. Materan or Materaw Materanum a great City on the South Side of the Isle of Iava in the East-Indies one hundred Leagues from Bantam to the East The Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name of great extent from East to West And once the Capital City of the whole Island of Iava Long. 135. 40. Southern Lat. 8. 20. Matharee or Matheree a sweet and delicious Seat two Leagues from Cairo in Aegypt concerning which the Cophtite Christians entertain a Tradition that the Blessed Virgin with the young Child reposed for some time there in their flight from Herod into this Kingdom Matin Mathis a River of Macedonia which falls into the Gulph of Venice near Durazzo Matique Matica a Province in Florida towards the Apalatean Hills Matâ—agia Messene a very ancient but ruined City in the Morea on the Southern Shoar towards the West Matzuma a Country in the Land of Jesso lately discovered by the Hollanders between Japan and Tartary which has a City of the same name See Jesso Maudre Modre Maldra a small River in the Isle of France which ariseth near Montfort and falls into the Seyne at Mayenne Maulcon a Town in Biscay Mauleon de Soule Malleo Mauleosolium a Town in the Pais des Basques in France The Capital of the Viscounty of Soule Mauli a River in Sicily See il fiume di Ragusa Mauâ—ve See Mauve Mauren-Haer Sogdiana a Province on the North-East of Persia Mauriac Mauriacum a Mountain in Auvergne Maurice Mauritia a City in Brasil in Pernambuck built by John Maurice Prince of Nassaw in 1644. The Capital of the Dutch Plantations in those Countries afterwards taken by the Portuguese This City stands upon the River Biberibi a little above its Mouth two Spanish Leagues from Olinda to the South and has a safe Port near Reciff It was called by the Dutch Mauritzstadt Maurienne a Valley or Province of Savoy extended from the Alpes to the River Isere on the one side and from la Tarantaise to Dauphine on the other It s Capital City is S. Jean de Maurienne an Episcopal See upon the River Arche This Valley has been honoured with the Title of an Earldom above six Ages since and some are of opinion that it anciently was the Seat of the Brannovices mentioned by Caesar Mauritania an ancient large Region of Africa which now lies contained within the Western part of Barbary They divided it into Caesariensis Tingitana and Sitifensis Mauritania Caesariensis had Getulia to the South the Mediterranean Sea to the North Tingitana to the West and Sitifensis to the East and is now almost wholly included in the West of the Kingdom of Algiers Mauritania Tingitania was bounded on all sides by the Atlantick and Mediterranean Oceans together with Caesariensis and Getulia And in the time of the Emperour Constantine was called by the Spaniards Mauritania Transfretana The name of Tingitana came from the City Tingi now Tangier Mauritania Sitifensis had for its bounds Numidia to the East Caesariensis to the West the Mediterranean to the North and Gaetulia to the South And the Eastern part of the present Kingdom of Algiers stands in this Mauritania Mauritz-Mylandt Cygnea an Island in the Aethiopian Sea upon the Coast of Africa called Docerne by the Portuguese who first discovered it See Isle Maurice Long. 80. Lat 20. South Mauritzlandt a part of America Magellanica in the Land of Fire on the South of the Streights of Magellan most extended to the East of those Streights and first discovered by the Hollanders in 1616. It had this name from the Prince of Orange who occasioned the Discovery Maurothalassa the Euxine Sea Maurum Taurus a Mountain in Asia Mauve Malva a small River in the Dukedom of Orleance which falls into the Loyre at Mehun four Leagues beneath Orleans to the West Baudrand writes Mauâ—ve St Maws a Borough and Market Town in the County of Cornwal in the Hundred of Powder returning two Members to the House of Commons Maxi Loryma or Laryma a City of Caria in the Lesser Asia over against the Isle of Rhodes which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rhodes from whence it stands twenty Miles to the North. Mayence See Mentz Mayenne Meduana a fine City in the Province of Maine upon the River Mayne six Leagues from the Borders of Normandy towards Anjou twenty Miles from Angiers to the North the same distance from Dol in Bretagne to the East and from Rennes to the North-East This City is honoured with the Title of a Dukedom Mayn Meyn Moenus a River of Germany which ariseth from a double Spring in Mount Fichtelburg called Meiss-Mayn White Mayne and Rot-Mayn Red Mayn which two uniting in one Stream at Culembach and flowing Westward near Bamberg it receives the Rednitz Wareres Swinefurt Wurtsburg and Vertheim then cutting Franconia into two parts it passeth by Asburg and Franckfort augmented with the Saal Tauber and some smaller Rivers into the Rhine near but above Mentz Gustavus Adolphus laid a Bridge of Boats over this River which has not been-since continued See Mentz La Mayne Mayenne or Majene Meduana a River of France which ariseth in the Territory of Seez in the Borders of Normandy and flowing South through Maine watereth the City of Mayenne La Val the Castle of Gontier where it entereth Anjou and a little above Angiers being augmented with the Sartre and the Loir it falls into the great Loire above Nants twelve Leagues to the East Mayo Maii Insula an Island on the Coast of Africa in the Atlantick Ocean one of those that belongs to Cape Verde and famous for its Salt Works It is under the Portuguese Long. 366. 4. Lat. 50. 00. North. Mayo
Over the Trent and the Line it has two Bridges besides two others over two Ponds called the Cheney Bridges It has three Churches and a strong and goodly Castle built on a steep Rock on the West side of the Town In the Reign of Burthred King of the Mercians and Aethelred King of the VVest-Saxons the Danes having got the Possession of this Castle kept it against three Kings united against them and forced them to a Peace After this Edward the Elder walled the Town the South part of which was standing in Mr. Cambden's time The Castle which is now standing was rebuilt by VVilliam the Conqueror to curb the English Edward IV. repaired it In 1â—75 it was besieged by Henry II. but could not be taken In the Barons Wars it was surprised by Robert de Ferrariis an Earl otherwise it was never taken by force as the same Author observes Long. 22. 14. Lat. 53. 00. Charles Lord Howard descended from the House of Norfolk by the Mowbrays Earls of this County from 1377. to 1475. was in 1597. created Earl of Nottingham This Family ending in Charles Lord Howard the third in that Line the Honor was conferred May 12. 1681. upon Heneage Lord Finch Baron of Daventry then Lord Chancellor of England and it is now enjoyed by Daniel Son of the said Heneage Nova Antequera a City of New Spain in America in the Province of Oaxaca eighty Spanish Leagues from Mexico to the East seventeen from the North Sea to the South and seventeen from Vera Cruz. It is little and not much inhabited though a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico ever since 1535. Nova Guinea a large Country in the Western part of the Pacifick Ocean which is a part of the Terra Australis on the East of the Molucco Islands First discovered by Andrew Ardaneta a Spaniard in 1528. and then thought to be an Island but since to be a part of the South Continent Novara Novaria a City of Italy which in Pliny's time was the Capital of Insubria It is now a part of the Duchy of Milan and a Bishop's See under that Archbishop the Head of a small Territory called by its name Very strong and can shew many ancient Roman Inscriptions as Testimonies of its Antiquity It stands twenty five Miles from Milan to the West and ten from Turin in a well-watered and fruitful Soil and upon an Eminence well fortified Near this Lewis Sforza Duke of Milan was taken by the French in 1500. But twelve years after the Swiss gave the French a great Overthrow in this Place to abate their joy for their former Success Peter Lombard the Master of the Sentences and sometime Bishop of Paris was a Native of this City and Pope Innocent XI Bishop of it when he was chosen Novellara a fine Town in the Lower Lombardy between the Territories of the Dukes of Mantoua and Modena subject to a Count of its own who is of the Family of Gonzaga ten Miles from Regio towards the North. It has a Castle called Bagnuollo Novibazar Novus Mercatus one of the principal Cities of Servia upon the River Orasâ—a fifty Miles from Nissa to the West Novigrad Novigradum Argyrutum a Town in Dalmatia which has a Castle seated upon a Bay of the same name twenty Miles from Zara to the East and twenty five from Sebenico to the North. It belonged to the Venetians but was taken by the Turks in 1646. Novigrad a small City in the Vpper Hungary which gives name to a County one German Mile from the Danube five from Gran to the North-East and four from Vaccia It has a Castle which is seated on a Rock and a Dike thirty four foot deep cut in the same Rock which makes it almost inaccessible yet the Turks took this strong Place in 1663. Novogorod Velki Novogardia Magna a City of Moscovy called by the Germans Neugarten which is very great and an Archbishops See the Capital of a Principality of the same name seated in a spacious Plain upon the River Wolkow where it issueth from the Lake of Ilmen an hundred and five German Miles from Mosco to the North-West forty six from Pleskow to the East and forty from Narva to the South East Long. 50. 00. Lat. 58. 23. The River Wolchou or Woldga saith Olearius falls by Notteburgh and the Gulph of Finland into the Baltick Sea this River is the chief cause of the Wealth and Greatness of the City being Navigable from its Fountains almost to the Baltick which has made this City the chief for Trade in all the North. Vithold Great Duke of Lithuania was the first who in 1427. obliged this City to pay a vast Tribute John Basilowitz Grotsden Duke of Muscovy overthrew an Army raised by this City in 1477. Thereupon he made himself Master of it and carried thence to Mosco three hundred Wagons loaden with Gold Silver and rich Goods John Basilowitz another of their Princes in 1569. slew two thousand seven hundred and seventy of its Inhabitants and cast them into the River upon a bare groundless suspicion besides a vast number trodden to death by a Party of Horse This City was taken by the Swedes in 1611. and restored to the Russ in 1634. It hath formerly been so puissant that it passed for a common Proverb Who is there that can oppose himself to God and the great City of Novogrod They reckon about seventy Monasteries in it It s largeness has been set in the parallel with that of Rome but its Walls are of Wood and the Buildings mean Novogorod Nisi that is the Lower is a vast City of Moscovy seated upon the Wolga where it takes in the Occa an hundred German Miles from Mosco to the North-East and forty from Wologda to the South-East Novogrod Novogroda sirnamed Litawiski is a City of Lithuania under the Crown of Poland the Capital of a Palatinate of the same name in which the Diet of Lithuania ought by turns with Minsko to be holden It stands scarce four Polish Miles from the River Niemen or Memel and twenty from Vilna to the South Novogrodeck Seviersky a strong City of Russia which has been attributed to Lithuania when under the Poles but now it is under the Russ again It stands upon the River Dezna seventeen Polish Miles from Czernichou to the North-East forty six from Kiovia to the same and the same distance from Smolensko to the South This is also the Capital of a Palatinate Noyon Novomagâ—s Noviodunum a City in the Isle of France near the Borders of Picardy of which it was a part upon the River Vorse which two Miles lower falls into the Oise eight Leagues from Soisons to the South-West fifteen from Amiens six from Reims to the West and twenty two from Paris to the North. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reims the Bishop of it is one of the three Earls and a Peer of France the Diocese which belongs to it is called Le Noyonois â—â—bia a
the loss of Calais the Garrison of which was drawn out by King Philip to manage this Siege two years after the French recovered S. Quintin by a Treaty and kept Calais too It stands upon the River Somme six Leagues from Perronne to the East and seven from Cambray to the South Quir a part of the unknown Terra Australis discovered by a Spaniard of the Name but uncultivated as yet by Europeans Quiscon or Quiscun Ionia a Province of the Lesser Asia Quiso Cissa a River of the Colchi which falls into the Euxine Sea seventy six Miles South of the Mouth of the Phasos now called il Fazo Quiess Quissus a River of Bohemia in the Lower Silesia which in the Borders of Lusatia falls into the Borber near Sagan seven German Miles from Glogaw to the West Quiteva or Quieteva a City and Kingdom in Africa on the South of Aethiopia heretofore a part of the Kingdom of Monotapia towards Zanguebar Quito a Province of Peru in South America in the North part of that Kingdom between the Province of Quixo to the East and the Pacifick Ocean to the West eighty Leagues long and thirty five broad It had at first Kings of its own but before the arrival of the Spaniards was Conquered by the King of Peru and together with it fell under the Dominion of Spain El Quito the Capital City of the Province called by its name a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lima in a fruitful Valley at the foot of a Mountain called Volcano Pinta near Machangara and Machangavilla two Rivers almost under the Line It is likewise called S. Francisco del Quito Two hundred and fifty Spanish Leagues from Lima to the North and six from the Pacifick Ocean to the East In 1586. there was an University opened here The Government of Quito is a considerable part of South America and one of the three principal Provinces of the Kingdom of Peru on the North it is bounded with Popian on the East with the Rivers of Pulumaio and Amazons on the South with the rest of Peru and on the West with the Pacifick Ocean The Andes divide it into two parts besides Quito it contains Canela Quixos and the South and middle Popian with some other Territories of small Note This is a fruitful populous and well watered Province Quivira a Province in North America between New Mexico Mount Sual and Florida which was never Conquered by any of the European Nations nor indeed throughly Discovered It affords good pasturage along the Sea Coast Quixos or los Quixos Quixorum Provincia la Province in the North of Peru between Quito to the West and Canela to the East first Discovered in 1557. by the Spaniards who have only four Colonies in it R A. RAab Jaurinum See Gewer Raab or le Rab Arrabo a River of Hungary which ariseth in the Lower Stiria near Gratz and running Eastward through the Lower Hungary by the Counties of Salawar and Gewer it entertains the Lausnitz the Binca and the Guntz and watering S. Gothard and Kerment beneath Sarvar it divides into two Branches the right Hand Branch is called Rabnitz the other Rab these two make the Isle of Rab seven German Miles in length At Rab or Javarin they reunite into one Stream again and fall into the Danube This River is particularly memorable for a great Defeat of the Turkish Forces by the French and Germans in 1664. upon the Banks of it near Kerment See Ricaut's State of the Ottoman Empire pag. 207. Rabasteins Rapistanium a Town in the Vpper Languedoc in the Diocese of Alby in France upon the River Tarn whose Coat of Arms is three Turneps suitable to the Derivation of its Name from both the French and Latin Rave and Rapa a Turnep Rabath Oppidum Novum a City in the Kingdom of Fez sixty two Miles from Tangier and seventy four from Fez. Rabath See Petra Racanella Cylistarnus a River of the Hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples which flowing by Cosano falls into the Bay of Taranto Rachelburgh See Ratzburgh Rackelspurg Polentium Raceburgum a City of Germany in the Lower Stiria upon the River Muer under the Emperor as Archduke of Austria four German Miles from the Borders of Hungary to the West and six from Gratz to the East This City is a Roman Town ascribed by Antoninus to the Vpper Pannonia Radicofani a Castle and Seigniory in Tuscany between Stena and Rome Radini the same with Strymon a River which parts Thrace and Macedonia Radnorshire Radnoria one of the twelve Shires in the Principality of Wales Bounded on the North by Monmouth on the East by Shropshire and Herefordshire on the South by Brecknock cut off by the Rivers of Clarwen and Wye the Western point falls upon Cardiganshire It s form is Triangular the sides almost equal the whole Circumference being about ninety Miles The Air is sharp the Soil barren The Silures were the ancient Inhabitants of this County The Town of Radnor which gives name to it was by the Romans called Magi or Magnos pleasantly seated under an Hill which bears upon his top a large and strong Castle from whose Bulwarks there is a Trench drawn along the West of the Town on which has stood a Stone Wall it is represented by one Burgess in the English Parliament It s Long. is 17. 00. Lat. 52. 45. John Roberts Lord Roberts of Truro was by Charles II. July 23. 1679. Created Viscount Bodmyn and Earl of Radnor the first Earl of this County This County proved fatal to Vortiger the last Monarch of the British Blood here slain by Lightning and to Llewellin the last Prince of the British Race in 1282 found hid in the vast Mountains of this County and slain by one Adam Francton his Head being Crowned with Ivy was set upon the Tower of London in whom the British Race of Princes ended Radom a Town in the Lesser Poland in the Palatinate of Sendomir which is the Capital of a District of the same name Twenty Polish Miles from Warsaw to the South and fifteen from Sendomir to the North. Raglins Ricina an Island on the North of Ireland on the Coast of the County of Antrim which has a Castle sometimes reckoned amongst the Hebrides though it lies but eight Miles from the Continent Ragusa Ragusium Epidaurus Rhanzium a City of Dalmatia which is an Archbishops See and a Free State called by the Sclavonians Dubrounich by the Italians Ragusi It stands in the Confines of Albania on the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea to which it has a Port at the foot of a Mountain called by the Greeks Lau upon a Rock in so disadvantageous a situation that the Turks by rouling down great Stones from the Mountain might have overwhelmed it and so have become absolute Masters of it if they had ever desired to be so This City is about a Mile in compass has large Suburbs beside populous rich well Traded and Fortified About a League from it lies the Harbour of Santa Cruz
Bourbon the King of Navarre being slain before it It fell after this into the Hands of the Leaguers Henry IV. besieged it in 1593. but was prevented from taking it by the Prince of Parma though in the year following it willingly submitted to him after he had imbraced the Roman Catholick Religion The Parliament in this City was instituted by Philip the Fair in 1286. Established by Lewis XII in 1499. and re-established by Francis I. in 1515. Pope Clement VI. was sometime Archbishop of the See Pope Martin IV. and Gregory XI Archdeacons There have been divers provincial Councils here assembled Particularly in 1074. one against the Concubinage of the Clergy Roane or Rovane Rhodumna an ancient Town in France in the Dukedom of Bourbonne and the County of Foretz upon the River Loyre where it becomes first capable to bear a Boat Very great and populous tho not walled It stands twelve Leagues from Lyons to the South-West and eighteen from Moulins The Territory belonging to it is called le Roanez or Roannois and has the Honor of being a Dukedom by the Creation of King Charles IX Rober Erubris a River in Lorain which falls by Trier into the Moselle Robil Robel Rebellio a City or Town in the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh in the Lower Saxony by the Lake of Muritz in the Borders of Brandenburgh two German Miles from Var and seven from Gustro Robogh a Village in the County of Tyron upon the Sea Shoar against Scotland in the Province of Vlster which has preserved the memory of the Rhobogdii an old Irish Clan that possessed the Counties of Antrim Colran and Tyrone in this Province from whom that Cape now called the Fair Foreland by the English was then called Rhobodium being in the County of Antrim scarce fifteen Miles South of the nearest Shoar of Scotland Rocca Nova a Town in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples honoured with the Title of a Dukedom Rocca Romana a Town in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples near Alifa honored with the Title of a Principality Rochdale a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Salford upon the River Roche in a Dale or Vale which together compound its name La Roche Rupes a Town in the Territory of Genevois in Savoy five or six Leagues from Geneva little less from Anneci and one from the River Arve at the foot of the Mountains It hath a Collegiate Church and two Religious Houses Roche-chouart a Seigniory in the Province of Poictou towards the Borders of Angoumois giving name to a Family of Honour La Roche-En-Ardenne a fortified Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh in the Low Countries upon the River Vrt twelve Leagues from Luxemburgh and nine from Liege Honour'd with the Title of an Earldom Rochefort a Town and Port at the Mouth of the Charante in the Pais d'Aunis in France Heretofore no more than a Village but now become a Magazine enlarged with divers Buildings and more daily La Roche-sur-Yon Rupes ad Yonem a Town in the Lower Poictou in France towards Lusson upon the River Yon which after joyns with the Lay. Honoured some Ages since with the Title of a Principality which is enjoyed by the House of Bourbon Rochelle Portus Santonum Rupella Rupella Santonum Rupella a City and famous Port of France upon the Bay of Aquitain the Capital of le Pais d'Aunis and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux Seven Leagues from Brouges to the North two from the Isle of Re and thirty from the Mouth of the Loyre to the South-East It takes its name from the Rock on which it stands supposed to be built about the Sixth Century because not mentioned before against the Incursions of the Normans At first it had Princes of its own After this it was under the English from the times of Henry II. who possessed it as Duke of Anjou And that Prince granted this City its first Charter and Privileges which were confirmed by Richard and John his Sons King John Landed here in 1206. when he went to the Siege of Mountauban and after in 1213. In 1224. it was taken from the English by Lewis VIII King of France but recovered the next year and continued under the English till 1453. And then finally taken by Charles VII In the beginning of the Civil Wars of France this Town fell under the power of the Hugonots who very much improved its Fortifications It was their principal place of refuge under Charles IX After the Massacre of Paris it was besieged by all the Forces of France defended it self to a wonder and at last forced that Prince to a Peace in 1573. It continued after this in their hands till 1628. and then was taken by Hunger in order to which the Ocean was bridled with a prodigious Bank begun in 1627. and carried the length of 747. toises the English having twice unsuccessfully attempted to relieve it After the taking of it Lewis XIII King of France visited it in person re-established the Roman Catholick Religion destroy'd its Fortifications saving two Towers built heretofore by Charles the Fifth for the Defence of the Port and took away its former Privileges In 1649. it first became a Bishoprick the Chair being removed hither from Mallezais a small Place in Poictou by Pope Innocent X. at the request of Lewis XIV Long. 19. 25. Lat. 45. 56. Rochester Rossa Durobius Dorobrevis Rutupiae a City in the County of Kent and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Canterbury upon the Medway over which it has a stately Stone Bridge one of the fairest in England five Miles from the Thames twenty five from Canterbury to the East and London to the West This was a Roman Town or rather Castle as William of Malmsbury stiles it much enlarged to the East West and South In 676. it was ruined by Aetheldred King of the Mercians and after this several times by the Danes Aethelbert King of Kent erected here a sumptuous Church and caused one Justus to be made the first Bishop of it in 604. Gundulphus the Norman about 1080. rebuilt this Church and brought in Monks which are since changed into a Dean and six Prebendaries It has a Castle built by William the Conqueror which in the Reign of William Rufus and twice after in the Barons Wars has been besieged Dr. Sprat the present Bishop is the eighty third of this Diocese Charles II. added an Honor to this Place when he created Henry Viscount Wilmot of Athlone in Ireland Baron of Alderbury in the County of Oxon and Earl of Rochester December 13. 1652. Whose Son John Wilmot succeeded him in 1659. Which Family failing Laurence Hide second Son to Sir Edward Hide Earl of Clarendon and Lord Chancellor of England was by the same Prince created Earl of Rochester November 29. 1682. But before these it gave the Title of Viscount to Sir Robert Carr created Anno 1611. by K. James I. Viscount Rochester and afterwards Earl
they oppressed this Nation for many Ages and so harrassed them that no account can be given of the times when the Reigns of their Princes began or ended John XI was the first who began to enfranchise these Countries from the Servitude of the Tartars which they had so long groaned under John Basilovitz the 4th of this Race who began his Reign very young in 1540. ended it by the Conquest of the Tartars and all the petty Princes which had till then reigned in several parts of this Empire This was the cruellest Tyrant that any Age has produced and died as wretchedly as he lived in 1584. Foedor Juanovits his Son succeeded him at the Age of twenty two years he was a perfect natural Fool. There was another Brother called Demetrius of nine years of Age which had more sense But Boris who managed all this under Foedor caused Demetrius to be Murthered In 1597. Foedor dying suddenly without Children Boris was Elected and soon after Deposed in favour of a Counterfeit Demetrius brought in by the Poles after which followed nothing but Calamities and Confusions till in 1615. or as others say in 1612 one Michael Fedrovizt Son of Foedor Nikitis a Kinsman far removed of John Basilovitz was chosen by the Body of this Nation Emperor of Muscovy This Prince settled this vast Empire governed it with more Justice Clemency Prudence and Piety than all his Predecessors had used and at last died in great Honor July 12. 1645. To him Succeeded Alexius his Son The two Princes which some few years since ascended the Throne together are of the same Race Red Russia is a Province under the Crown of Poland sometimes called the Proper Russia and Roxolania it lies extended towards the South between Poland properly so called and Muscovy This contains the Palatinates of Russia properly so called Podolia Volhinia Belza Braslaw Kiovia and the Territory of Chelm being that part of Russia which as I said before was Conquered by the Poles and by Casimir II. in 1342. united for ever to Poland White Russia is a very confiderable Province under the Crown of Poland and so called because it was of old a part of Muscovy or Russia it is divided into six Palatinates which are Novogrod Miscislaw Witebsko Minskie Polokie and Smolenskie This last Palatinate has been recovered in latter times by the Russ and is not now under the Poles Russia properly so called Russi Rutheni is a Province of Poland and a part of Red Russia which has Poland on the West Volhinia and Podolia on the East the Territories of Culm and Belsia on the North and the Carpathian Hills dividing it from Hungary and Transylvania to the South the Capital of it is Lemburgh Some give this Province the name of Black Russia Rustan Rustanus Ager a small Territory in the Province of Bigorre in Aquitain in France near the River Arroux and S. Severe Ruthen a Market Town in Denbyshire in Wales The Capital of its Hundred Rutlandshire Rutlandia is the least of all the Counties of England Bounded on the North by Lincolnshire on the East and South by Northamptonshire divided from it by the River Weland and on the West by Leicestershire its greatest length is from North to South not full twelve Miles from East to West hardly nine and its circumference about forty The Air is temperate serene and healthful the Soil rich and fruitful in Corn and Pasturage especially about the Vale of Catmoss Woods and pleasant Springs are plentiful enough of the latter the Weland and the Wash are the principal so that it wants nothing This County was a part of the Lands possessed by the Coritani before the Roman Conquest and was Conquered by P. Ostorius in the Reign of Claudian the Emperor Afterwards it made a part of the Kingdom of Mercia and now is in the Diocese of Peterborough There are but forty eight Parishes and two Market-Towns in it Okeham being the Shire Town and Vppingham the other In 1390. Edward Plantagenet eldest Son of Edmund Duke of York In 1326 Richard second Brother of the said Edward and in 1450. Edmund Plantagenet second Son of Richard Duke of York all of the Royal Family successively were Earls of this County But in 1525. Thomas Mannors Lord Roos of Hamlake Tresbut and Belvoir Descended by the Lady Ann his Mother from the said Richard Duke of York was Created Earl of Rutland by Henry VIII in 1325. whose Posterity enjoy this Honor to this day John the twelfth of this Family succeeding John his Father in the year 1679. Rutuli an ancient People of Latium in Italy Ardea was their Capital City Ruvo Rubi a City in the Province of Bari in the Kingdom of Naples which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari a small but spruce and populous City about seventeen Miles from Bari to the West Horace mentions it in his Satyrs Inde Rubos fessi pervenimus c. Rye a member of the Cinque Ports upon the edge of the County of Sussex towards Kent in Hastings Rape situated at the fall of the Rother into the Sea where it hath a convenient Haven especially for a ready passage to Diepe in Normandy It returns two Members to the Lower House of Parliament The Fishermen take excellent Herrings here S A. SAada a City in the Happy Arabia perhaps of old called Sabatha it stands in the inland parts of that Country three hundred Miles from Aden to the North. If it is Sabatha its Long. is 76. 00. Lat. 16. 56. Saal Sala a River in Germany called by the French Sale It ariseth in Franconia over against the Nab and the Mayn and flowing through Thuringia it watereth Saalfeld and Jena then entering Misnia and passing by Naumburgh Mersburgh and Hall and being in this passage swelled by many smaller Rivers it falls at last into the Elbe beneath Bernburgh in the Vpper Saxony four Miles from Magdeburgh to the South Saan Savaria a River of Stiria Saare See Sare Saba supposed to be the same with Meroe in Aethiopia § One of the Charibye Islands in America under the Hollanders and near S. Christophers is likewise called by this name Sabaro Sybaris a River in Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples others call it Cochile and say it falls into the Bay of Taranto near Morano Sabaria a Town of the ancient Pannonia in Hungary the native place of S. Martin of Tours It is not certainly known where it is some conjecturing it to be one place and some another Sabini an ancient People of Latium in Italy whose memory is still preserved in the name of a Province now in the States of the Church called Terra Sabina which contains a part of the Territory heretofore belonging to them the Capital whereof was Cures There is a Monastery in this Territory honoured with a Bishop's See under the Title of the Bishop of Sabina and in the years 1590. 1593. 1595. c. Synodal Constitutions were published by the then Bishops bearing the same
Charles Emanuel his Father in the year 1675 being then a Child of nine years of Age the thirtieth in this Line and of the Roman Catholick Religion his usual Residence is at Turin in Piedmont where he declared War against France Jun. 4. 1690 in Conjunction with the Confederate Princes But has since lost a considerable part of his Dominions Sauve or Saulve Salvia a Town and Viguerye or Provostship in Languedoc in the Diocese of Nismes upon the River Vidourle adorned with an Abbey of the Benedictines since the year 1020. Saw the Save Sax-mundesham a Market Town in the County of Suffolk in the Hundred of Plumesgate upon a small River not far from the Sea Saxony Saxonia by the Germans called Sachsen in the several Ages that are past since the Roman Empire has had very different Bounds but the Brevity of this Work will admit only of its present State To take it in its largest Acceptation it contains two of the Circles of the German Empire called the Vpper and the Lower Circles of Saxony the Lower Saxony contains the Dukedoms of Brunswick Luneburg Magdeburg Breme Mecklenburg Holsatia and Lauenburg the Principalities of Ferden and Halberstad and the Bishoprick of Hildesheim which Countries lie between Westphalia to the West the Vpper Saxony to the East and South and Jutland and the Baltick Sea to the North all described in their proper Places The Vpper Circle of Saxony contains the Marquisate of Brandenburg Pomerania Thuringia Misnia the Dukedom of Saxony properly so called the Principality of Anhault Bounded on the East by Lusatia and Poland on the North by the Baltick Sea on the West by the Lower Saxony and on the South by Franconia and Bohemia The Electorate of Saxony is a Province of Germany in the Vpper Circle of Saxony bounded on the East by Lusatia on the North by the Marquisate of Brandenburg and the Principality of Anhault on the West by the Dukedoms of Brunswick and Hassia and on the South by Franconia and Bohemia The principal Town of it is Witteburg This Electoral Prince has the sixth Place amongst the Electors and his Residence at Dresden In the year 1652. John George I. Elector of Saxony divided this Duchy between his four Sons The Ancient Inhabitants were the Lombards As these and the Franks went South upon their Conquests made in the Roman Empire so the Saxons followed them and took Possession of their Ancient Seats as far as the Rhine They were with great difficulty Conquered by Charles the Great about the year 785. after thirty years of War with them Wittikindus their last King being made by Charles the Great the first Duke of Saxony upon his embracing the Christian Faith From him are descended all the Kings of France since Hugh Capet the Kings of Denmark of the House of Oldenburg the Dukes of Burgundy and Savoy the Marquesses of Montisferat and many other Noble and Illustrious Families of lesser Note so that this Person seems to have inherited Abraham's Blessing as to this This Dukedom is still in the same Family tho there was an Interruption of two hundred years beginning in the year 1180. and ending in the year 1423. To this Illustrious House Germany in a great degree owes the Reformation which begun by Luther here but for John Frederick the thirtieth Duke had been stifled in its Rise John George III. the present Elector is the thirty seventh Duke from Wittikindus and the twelfth since the Restitution of the Line The Richest as well as the most Ancient of the Princes in the Electoral College next the Emperor He also is by Birth-Right Great-Marshal or Gentleman of the Horse in the Empire and by Religion of the Augustane Confession The principal Branches of the House of Saxony are those of Saxe-Hall Saxe-Mersbourg Saxe-Naumburg Saxe-Weymar Saxe-Eysenach and Saxe-Gotha The Saxon-Heptarchy The ancient Brittains under Vortiger in their Wars with the Picts and Scots calling unto their assistance after the Roman Forces were totally withdrawn the Saxons and Angles out of Germany about the year 428 or as others 449 These Saxons under Hengist their General not only completed the Work they came for by chasing away the Northern Invaders but made themselves in time Masters of the Country of the Britains too suppressing the names of the Provinces and People that had been before assigned by the Romans and dividing their own Conquests into the seven Kingdoms of Kent the South Saxons West Saxons East Saxons East Angles Mercia and Northumberland The first of which Kent was set up by Hengist in 455. containing the County of Kent That of the South Saxons contained Sussex and Surrey and began in the Person of Aella who arrived in Britain a little before the death of Hengist in 488. The Kingdom of the West Saxons took in Cornwal Devonshire Somersetshire Dorsetshire Wiltshire Berkshire and Hampshire commencing about the year 519. in the Person of K. Cerdicus The Kingdom of the East Saxons advanced next about the year 527. under K Erchenweme taking in Middlesex Essex and part of Hartfordshire Towards 547 Ida Governour of Northumberland under the King of Kent set up for himself and extended his Kingdom over Yorkshire Lancashire Durham Westmorland Cumberland and Northumberland with the Southern parts of Scotland as far as to Edinburgh About 575. Vffa King of the East-Angles established a Kingdom in Norfolk Suffolk and Cambridgshire And lastly towards 580. began the great and inland Kingdom of Mercia under K. Cridda whose extent is already expressed under the word Mercia This Heptarchy by the successes of Egbert the 18th King of the West Saxons who had followed abroad the Wars of Charles the Great and began his Reign about the year 801. united in one Monarchy under him by the year 819. Whereupon the name of Heptarchy was suppressed and K. Egbert by a special Edict with the concurrence of the states of the whole Realm convened at Winchester in 819 ordained that the Kingdom and Country should be called Anglelond or Englelond whence England by reason himself was descended from the Angles So Egbert was the first King of England Scafato the lower part of the River Sarno in Italy Scagen Scagense Promontorium the most Northern Cape of Jutland in fifty eight degrees of Latitude over against Gottenburg in Sweden ten Danish Miles from Alberg to the North-East and from Gottenburg to the West There is a Village near this Cape called Skune Scala Scalis a City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Hither Principato which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Amalfi but this Bishoprick is united for ever to that of Ravello from which it stands one Mile and two from Amalfi it is very small and has not above one hundred and fifty Houses standing on an Hill at the Foot of Mount Cama and heretofore from that called Cama Scala Marmorea Amycli Daphne a Port of Bithynia in the Lesser Asia upon the Thracian Bosphorus or Streights of Constantinople beyond Chalcedon
Territory of Padoua in Italy Sclavonia the Southern Province of the Lower Hungary called by the Italians Schiavonia by the Germans die Sclavinien by the Poles Slovienska Ziemia The middle Ages under this Name comprehended Illyricum Dalmatia Croatia Bosnia and this which is now called Sclavonia On the North it has the Drave a great River which parts it from the Lower Hungary on the East the Danube on the South the Save which divides it from Croatia Bosnia and Servia and on the West Carniola and Stiria The length of it from the Town of Kopranitz in the West to the fall of the Drave into the Danube in the East is fifty German Miles its breadth from the Drave to the Save twelve This Country was first possessed by the Pannonians after that by the Goths about 386 who were Conquered by the Sclaves about 550. About 1200. these People became Tributaries to the Kings of Hungary About 1544. this Country was first subdued by Solyman the Magnificent In 1687. after the Battel of Mohats the Turkish Army mutining against the Prime Vizier all this Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor the Turks deserting it without any blows The German̄s upon their return were very well pleased with the Fertility of it The Chief Towns in it are Gradisca Esseck and Possega which is the Capital City The Inhabitants are great lovers of War and pray for nothing more earnestly than that they may die with their Arms in their Hands Scodra a City of Illyricum attributed by Livy and Ptolemy to Dalmatia and in those times the Seat of the Kings of Illyricum Now the Capital City of Albania and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antivari great and populous it stands upon the River Boiana Barbana twenty four Miles from the Adriatick Sea and eighty from Ragusa to the North East Twice besieged by the Turks under Mahomet II. without success and in 1478. resigned to them for a Peace by the Venetians The Inhabitants call it Scadar the Turks Iscodar and the Italians Scutari The Lake Labeatis out of which the Boiana Springs takes the name now of the Lake of Sclitari Long. 44. 20. Lat. 42. 24. Scone Scona a celebrated Abbey in the County of Perth upon the Tay three Miles from S. Johnston to the North West in which the Kings of Scotland for many Ages were Crowned Scopia Scapi a City of the Vpper Moesia and the Capital of Dardania in the Borders of Macedonia in the times of Ptolemy now called Scopia by the Italians and Vschub by the Turks It is a great populous City in Servia an Archbishop's See and the Seat of the Sangiack of Servia feated in a fruitful Plain upon the River Vardar over which it has a Stone Bridge of twelve Arches one hundred Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West ten from Sophia to the West and about the same distance from Giustandil to the South The River upon which it stands falls into the Bay of Thessalonica Scotland Scotia is the second Kingdom in Great Britain called by the French l' Escosse by the Italians Scotia by the Germans Schottlandt On the East it is bounded by the German Ocean on the North by the Deucalidonian Sea and the Isles of Orkney on the West by the Vergivian Ocean and the Irish Sea on the South by the River Tweed the Cheviot Hills and the adjacent Tract to Solway Sands whereby it is separated from England Solway Fyrth lies in deg 56. of Latitude and the most Northern point lies in 60 30. by which it should be three hundred and fifteen English Miles in length Polydore Virgil reckons four hundred and eighty its breadth is no where above sixty and its form Triangular with many great Inlets and Arms of the Ocean which indent both the Eastern and Western sides of it The Soil especially towards the North is generally barren affords little Timber and no Fruit Trees The Southern parts are more fruitful the Air in both sharp and cold It is divided into two parts the Southern and the Northern by Dunbritain and Edenburgh Fyrth The South part called the Low-Lands is fuller of Cities and great Towns the People are more rich and better civilized as not only Inhabiting a better Country but driving a Trade at Sea The Northern or High-Lands are more barren and poor the Inhabitants accordingly patient of want and hunger and very temperate in their Diet without which Virtues they could not subsist South Scotland is divided into twenty one North Scotland into thirteen Counties For the Ecclesiastical Government they have two Archbishops S. Andrews who has eight and Glascow who has three Suffragan Bishops under him In the times of the Romans this Country was called Caledonia and Albania the People Picts from their custom of Painting their Bodies The Romans never extended their Conquests beyond the South of Scotland because they thought the Northern and barrener parts not worth their pains The remaining Inhabitants after the withdrawing of the Roman Garrisons from the Northern parts of Britain became very troublesome to the Britains and forced them to call in the Saxons about 449 who Conquered the South parts of Scotland and possess it to this day The Scots or Irish about the same time entered the Western parts of Scotland and by degrees united first with the Picts or Highlanders by their assistance Conquered the Saxons and gained the Sovereignty of that whole Kingdom But there being no Letters here the Story of these times is very dark which has occasioned great Controversies concerning the time of the Scots coming out of Ireland About 839 the Picts were intirely subdued by Kenneth II. first sole King of all Scotland This Line continued under twenty three Princes to 1285. When Alexander III. dying without Issue there began a tedious and bloody contest about the Succession which was referred to Edward I. of England who adjudged the Crown to John Baliol an Englishman He Rebelling against his Benefactor was defeated by that Prince who following his blow made himself Master of Scotland and kept it to his death In 1307. Robert Bruce the other Competitor overthrew the English established himself King of Scotland and Reigned till 1332 when the Kingdom divided again between Edward Baltol and David Bruce which latter prevailed at first against his Competitor but fell under the power of the English where he was many years a Prisoner In 1371. Rob. II. Surnamed Steward descended from the eldest Daughter of David Bruce succeeded In 1602. James VI. the ninth in this Line succeeded after Queen Elizabeth to the Crown of England as Descended both by Father and Mother from Margaret the eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England the whole Line of Henry VIII being extinguished The Christian Religion was Planted here by different Persons and at several times The Saxon Scots were Converted by Aidan the first Bishop of Lindisferne about 635. The South-Eastern by Nimas Bishop of Candida Casa or White Herne about 555. The Highlanders or
of Holland one League from Leyden which has been adorned with the Title of an Earldom Valdiva a small City in the Kingdom of Chili in South America which has a large and safe Haven on the Pacifick Ocean under the Dominion of the Spaniards though it has been often ruined by the Indians It stands seventy five Leagues from Imperiali to the South written sometimes Baldiva Valence Valentia Julia Valentia Segalaunorum Vrbs a City of Gallia Narbonensis in Ptolemy now called Valenza by the Italians It is a neat populous great City in the Dauphiné and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vienne upon the River Rhosne eleven Leagues from its Metropolis to the South This Bishoprick was for ever united to that of Dye in 1275. The Bishops take the Title of Earls of Valence In 1452. there was an University opened here The River Isere closeth it on the North and the Rhosne on the West It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Valentinois hath a Cittadel an Abbey and a Collegiate Church besides the Cathedral with a great number of Religious Houses And anciently was a Roman Colony In 374. 584. and 855. Councils were assembled at this City In 890. Lewis Son of Bozon was confirmed King of Arles by the Bishops here met for the purpose There have been more Councils in after times held in the same place § Also a Town in the Province of Guyenne near the Garonne Valenchiennes Valenciennes Vallencenae Valentianae Valentinianae a City of Hainault upon the Schelde where it receives the Ronel which divides it A great strong spruce place two Leagues from Quesnoy to the North five from Tournay to the South and from Cambray to the West Henry VII Emperour of Germany was a Native of it and Baldwin and Henry Emperors of Constantinople In 1656. the French besieged it under the Mareschals Turenne and la Ferte But Don John of Austria assisted with the Prince of Conde raised the Siege and took the latter Prisoner In 1667. it was taken by the French under whom it now is They have since added to its Fortifications It was made an University in 1475. Valencia Valentia Valentia Constetinorum a City and Kingdom in Spain The City is called by the Italians Valenza and stands about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea forty nine Leagues from Barcinone to the North-West from Toledo to the East and Saragoza to the South Built by Junius Brutus a Roman in the year of Rome 616. Rescued out of the hands of the Moors by Roderic Bivar el Cid in the year 1025. Taken by them again and recovered the second time by James I. King of Arragon in 1236. Made a Bishops See in 1492. by Pope Alexander VI. In Pliny's time it was a great noble elegant City walled with five Bridges over the River Guadalaviar and now the best peopled in all Spain except Lishon and Madrid An University the Capital of a Kingdom and the Seat of its Courts of Justice and a Vice-Roy It has given to the See of Rome two Popes Calistus II. and Alexander VI. The Spaniards proverbially call it Valencia la Hermosa the Beautiful Long. 25. 15. Lat. 39. 55. The Kingdom of Valencia lies upon the Mediteranean Sea Bounded on the East by Catalonia and that Sea on the West by New Castile and by the Kingdom of Murcia to the South The chief Cities in it are Valencia Segorve Orighuella Xativa Elche and Alicante Watered by the Ebro the Mervedre the Guadalquivir and the Xucar so that it enjoys at once the most fruitful Soil and the most pleasant and temperate Air of all Spain much like that of Naples Their Silk and Wooll are the best in the World Their Sheep were first brought thither from Cotswald in England in 1465. by the imprudent Courtesie of Edward IV. In short the Plenty Delicacies and Pleasantness of this Kingdom has esseminated its Inhabitants and made them less able to defend it The ancient Edetani and Contestani dwelt here It became a distinct Moorish Kingdom in 1214. Submitted to Arragon in 1228. Finally conquered by them in 1238. Philip II. banished out of it twenty two thousand Families of the Moors Valeneia d' Alcantara a strong Town in the Province of Extremadura in Spain but in the Borders of Portugal upon the River Savar eight Leagues from Alcantara to the West Taken by the Portuguese and restored to the Spaniard by the Treaty of Peace in 1668. Valencia di Minho a strong Town upon the River Minho in the Kingdom of Portugal which has resisted the repeated Attacks of the Spaniards Valenza Valentia Forum Fulvii or Valentinum a strong Town in the Dukedom of Milan but in the Borders of Montferrat Built upon an Hill by the Po ten Miles from Casal to the East and seven from Alessandria to the North. It was attempted by the French in 1635. and in 1656. with great loss they took it in 1657. The Spaniards were defeated in 1658. in their design of recovering it but gained it by the Treaty of Peace the next year at the Pyrenees and are still in possession of it Valentinois a Territory in Dauphine of which Valence is the Capital It is divided into the Vpper and Lower Valentinois The Upper extends from the River Isere to the Droume the other from the Droume to the County of Venaissin Formerly under its own Counts It became united with Dauphine and the Crown of France in the time of Tewis XI King of France Lewis XII advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom Valette Valetta a new very strong fine populous City in the Isle of Malta Built by Jean de Valette a French Man Master of the Knights of Malta in the year 1566. after the Turkish Siege on the North side of the Island upon a Mountain called Sceb Erras having an excellent Port. The Master of that Order has resided in that City ever since the year 1571. The Castle belonging to it is called S. Elmo La Valette or Villebois a Town in the Dukedom of Angousmois in France Valiza Rhodope a Mountain in Thrace called by the Inhabitants Rulla It divides Thrace into two parts extending from East to West and gives Birth to the River Hebrus and some others Valladolid Pintia Vallisolitum Vallisoletum a City of Old Castile in Spain great elegant and populous upon the River Piznerga a little above its fall into the Douro in the Borders of the Kingdom of Leon of which it was a part Sixteen Spanish Leagues from Burgos to the South-West and twenty from Salamanca to the North-East This City was built by the Goths in the year of Christ 625. Made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo in the year 159◠Christopher Columbus the first Discoverer of America died here in the year 1506. It was for some time the Seat of the Kings of Castile and now an University of great esteem In this place Philip II. King of Spain by the perswasion of Mr. Parsons a known English Jesuit erected
near it on a Rock In the Cathedral you see the Tombs of many of the Kings of Sweden who bore the Style of Kings of Vpsal in former times And here in 1654. the famous Christiana Queen of Sweden resigned her Royal Diadem See Sweden Upsu See Alaschehir Upton a Market Town in Worcestershire The Capital of its Hundred upon the Severn in the South of the County It is well built and an antient Roman Town Ur an antient City of Chaldaea The place of the Birth and Death of Haran Abraham's Brother Gen. xi 28. Uraha a Gulph upon the Coast of the Terra firma in South America together with a Province of the same Name Uraniburg or Vranisbourgh Vraniburgum a splendid Castle and Observatory in the Island of Huen near Coppenhagen in the Sound betwixt Seeland and the Province of Schonen built by Tycho Brahe a Danish Baron the celebrated Astronomer in 1575. But since having been neglected is ruined Urba the same with Orba Urbanea Vrbinia a small new City in the Dukedom of Vrbino under the Pope made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vrbino by Pope Vrban VIII in 1635. who from an ordinary Village adorned it to this Dignity enlarged its Buildings and left it his Name It stands 7 Miles from Vrbino to the North-West Urbinio Vrbinium is a City of Vmbria in the States of the Church which is an Archbishops See and the Capital of the Dukedom of that Name A great and flourishing City seated near the Fountains of the River La Foglia 20 Miles from the Adriatick Sea to the North-West 7 from the Vrbanea and 25 from Rimini Made an Archbishops See in 1563. Il ducato di Urbino is that part of Vmbria which lies beyond the Apennine Bounded on the North by the Adriatick Sea and Romandiola on the East by the Marchia Anconitana on the South by Ombria and on the West by the Dukedom of Florence This Country was under Sovereign Dukes first of the Family of Feltria and after of Roborea the last of which having no Male Issue in 1631. resigned his Dominions in his life time to Pope Vrban VIII to prevent any Quarrels about it after his Death and ever since it has been united to the Papacy Reckoned to contain 3 Ports 7 or 8 Castles and nigh 350 Towns beside the Cities The Cities of it are Cagli Gubio Fossombrone Pesaro Senigaglia Vrbanea and Vrbino which last is the Capital City Urgel Orgelium Vrgella Vrgela Orgia a City of Catalonia in the County of Ceretania at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills A Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona upon the River Segre 5 Leagues from the Borders of France to the South 28 from Barcinone and 9 from Perpignan It had Counts of great Power under the second Line of the Kings of Arragon In 1580. and 1633. we find Synods assembled here The Tract in which it stands is from it called the Plain of Vrgel Uri Vriensis Pagus one of the Senior Cantons of Suitzerland at the foot of the Mountains extended along the Banks of the River Russ And one of the first that leagued against Albert Duke of Austria in 1308. It 's altogether Roman Catholick and Alforf the Capital City Urla Clazomenae a City of the lesser Asia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Smyrna It stands upon the Archipelago between Smyrna to the East and Chio to the West Long. 55. 15. Lat. 39. 30. The Seamen call it Uourla Usbeck the same with Zagathay in Tartary Uscopia a great and heretofore very populous City situated about 30 German Miles from Nissa and at the like distance from Thessalonique the Capital of Macedonia The Imperialists burnt it in 1689. It was secured only with an old Wall Userch a Town in Limosin in France Usiza or Vsciza an open rich and populous City about 20 Leagues from Belgrade upon the Frontiers of Bosnia having a strong Castle Taken and plundered by a Party of Rascians in 1688. In the Emperor's hands Usk a Market Town in Monmouthshire The Capital of its Hundred Upon a River of its own Name over which it hath a Bridge Well built large and fortified formerly with a Castle now in Ruines The antient Burrium of Antoninus is suppos'd to have stood here In the Vicinage of it the Duke of Beaufort possesses a noble Seat called Ragland Castle The River Vske discharges it self into the Severn near Newport in this County Albeargavenny is situated upon upon this River at the influx of the Kaveny into it Utica See Biserta its modern Name Utoxeter a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Totmonslow upon the River Dove Utrecht Antonia Trajectum Inferius Vtricesium Vltrajectum Antonina Civitas Civitas Vtricensium a great strong populous City in the Vnited Netherlands the Capital of one of their seven States It stands upon the North Branch of the Rhine at the distance of about 5 English Miles to the North but united to it by a Navigable Channel Twenty three Leagues from Cologne 5 German Miles from Amsterdam to the South and 6 from Roterdam to the East The Original of it is unknown but it is supposed to be a Roman Work and built in or before the times of Nero about 186. Being ruined by the Barbarous Nations Dagobert King of France rebuilt and refortified it about 642. So that the second Pile became much more famous than the former Willibrodus the Apostle of the Frisons being sent by Pope Sergius in 696. with the Title of an Archbishop and Pepin King of France having in 692 taken Vtrecht from Radbold the Pagan Duke of Frizeland he assigned this City to Willibrode and gave him the Territories thus reckoned up by Antonius Mattheus in his Books de Nobi itate The Lekk the Uechten all the Lands which lay upon their Banks and the Territory of Teistervant which included a great part of Guelders Bommel Tiel the Betouw Culemborch Viane Asperen Bure Heusden Neuctom the Veluwe and Ysestein In 700. Radbold attempting in vain the recovering this City submitted So Willibrode and Boniface his Successor peaceably enjoyed this vast Diocese which was confirmed to them and their Privileges enlarged by Charles the Great In after times it became a Free Imperial City of Germany Several of the Emperors resided and some died here amongst whom are reckoned Conrad II. in 1039. and Henricus V. in 1122. So jealous they were of their Privileges that they would not suffer any of their Bishops Officers to have any share in the Government of the City nor would they suffer the Bishop to enter the Town with more Men than they allowed him or to stay in it above five or eight days They maintained this Liberty though it was sorely envied and laid at by John Count of Holland in 1297. and by William Count of Holland in 1324. till in 1527. the Bishop of Vtrecht passed over his Right to Charles V. who being a Potent Prince easily reduc'd this City under his Obedience built it a Castle