from the most Christian King saluted the Synode in his Name and promised that his Maiestie would suddenly send an Ambassadour and many Prelates of his Kingdome and so the Congregation ended The Legates sent aduice of all to Rome and wrote that they had drawen in length the resolution of the things that were handled vnder the pretences before related but in truth to gaine more time that they might receiue instructions and orders how to gouerne themselues beseeching his Holinesse againe to make his will knowne and to consider aboue all that to prolong the Councell and hold it open when he might make it short was not good for the Apostolique Sea adding that they were constrained to hold two Congregations euery weeke to keepe the Prelates in exercise and to take occasion from them to make them by themselues But they said that this would draw on the businesse very fast and therefore that it was necessary to take some course to resolue their proposes quickely and not to deferre to answere them as hitherto hath beene done but to aduise them what they ought to do presently and to foresee as much as might be what could happen And seeing they had written oftentimes that many poore Bishoppes came to the Councell for the hope and good promises which his holinesse and Cardinall Farnese had giuen them they then repeated it adding it was an error to think to vse them as homely in Trent as in Rome where hauing no authority they are humble and in subiection but when they are in the Councell they thinke they should be esteemed and maintained which if it be not done it were better not to haue them in that place then to haue them there ill satisfied and distasted concluding that that enterprise could not succeed Well without diligence and cost It may generally seeme strange that the Pope a wise man and skilfull in the affaires of the world should not giue answere vnto two particulars of such importance and necessitie in so long a time after so many instances of his ministers But his holinesse grounded not his hopes vpon the Councell all his cogitations were turned toward the warre which the Cardinall Farnese The Pope is more intent vpon the war against the Protestants then vpon the Councell treated with the Emperour the yeere before and could not forbeare to make demonstration thereof neither did the Emperour desire the Councell should proceed it being sufficient for his ends that it was opened onely But the Prelates who desired to begin with reformation and leaue the doctrine behind assisted by the Emperours Ministers assayed to draw the others A controuersie how to begin whether with reformation or doctrine or with both together to them which thing being very easie because the reformation was generally desired and not much beleeued their number grew so great that the Legats were confounded Therefore by themselues and their friends they often dealt priuatly with diuers and lastly in the congregation of the 22. day all three one after another set themselues to ruine the foundations which were laid in fauour of the reformation One reason drawen from the Emperours proposition in the Diet of Wormes the last May made a great impression when he said they ought to expect what the Councell would doe in the definitions of doctrine and in the reformation and that if nothing were done he would intimate another Diet to accommodate the differences of religion and correct the abuses arguing from hence that if they handled not the points of doctrine the determinations of the future Colloquie and Diet would bee canonized neither could they with reason hinder them to treat of religion in Germanie which themselues refused to doe in the Councell There was a great rich Prelate in the congregation who with a premeditated speech went about to shew that they ought onely to ayme at the reformation aggrauating much the common deformation of the whole Clergie and inculcating that so long as our vessels were not cleansed the holy Ghost would not dwell in them and by consequence that no right iudgment could be expected in matters of faith But the Cardinall Santa Croce taking from hence occasion to speake said that there was no reason to deferre the reformation of themselues who were to manage the Councell but that was easie and ready and might suddenly be executed without delaying the points of doctrine which were intricate of themselues and of long digestion He much commended that prelate for making mention of a thing so holy and of so good example for beginning from themselues they might easily reforme all the rest of the world and hee earnestly exhorted all to come to the practise thereof This opinion was much commended by all but not followed for many soid the reformation ought to bee generall without loosing time in that particular Therefore they all concluded except two that the Articles of Religion and reformation should be handled together as they are alike desired and deemed necessarie by the whole world and ioyntly proposed in the Popes Bulls The Legats were content with this resolution though they rather desired to treate of faith and leaue the reformation But so great was their feare that they should be constrained to handle reformation alone that they thought it A resolution made to handle doctrine and reformation together a great victorie to ioyne them together And they thought also that their opinion to leaue the reformation was dangerous because they should resist all the Prelates and States of Christendome who desired it which they could not doe without much scandall and infamie If this course which they tooke being constrained thereunto by meere necessitie should not please those at Rome they could not complaine of any but themselues who were so often solicited to answere the letters and send necessary instructions Afterwards it was resolued to write to the Pope to thanke him for calling and opening the Councell and to desire him to maintaine and fauour it and to bee a meanes vnto Christian Princes to continue peace among themselues and excite them to send Ambassadors to the Councell They resolued also to write to the Emperour the French King Kings of the Romans of Portugal and other Catholike Princes to preserue peace to send Ambassadours secure the wayes to mooue their Prelates to appeare personally in the Councell The care of writing these letters was committed to the Bishop of Saint Marke and were to be read and sealed in the next congregation The Legates published two points to bee considered of by the Fathers whereof they were to giue their voices The first whether in the next session the heads of faith and those of reformation which were correspondent should bee handled together The second how to proceed in making choice of the two heads and in handling and examining them The Legats thought they had by these propositions disburthened themselues of the importunate quest made by some to establish some substantiall point in euery congregation
against with more seueritie mitigating the punishment of those who assemble without Armes onely for Religion instructing and admonishing them and to this purpose to cause the Prelates to reside hoping that by these remedies all will bee prouided for without either Generall or Nationall Councell The voyces beeing not vniforme a Decree was made the 27. of that moneth that there should bee an assembly of the States at Meaux the tenth of December and if the Generall Councell shall not be called suddenly as the Pope hath made shew the Bishops shall assemble the 13. of Ianuary to treat The Decree of this Assembly of celebrating a Nationall in the meane while the punishments for cause of Religion were suspended except against those who tooke Armes The Pope enformed of the resolution of the assembly of Fountainbleau wrote to Cardinall Tornon to hinder the meeting of the Bishops and if hee could not returne to Rome And the three and twentieth of September hee called the Ambassadours and told them the neceseitie of the sudden celebration of a generall Councell in regard of the determination of the Frenchmen to call a Nationall which though he had giuen order to Cardinall Tornon to hinder yet hee did not hope it could be done But hee saw Causeth the Pope to make shew that hee is resolued to call the Councel suddenly a necessitie to celebrate the generall Councell that it might not bee sayd that the Nationals were called for want of it Therefore that hee must needes open the Councell of Trent taking away the suspension that the place was most fit beeing betweene Germanie and Italie though others propose Spire Triers and other places which hee would accept if they were secure beeing readie to goe to Constantinople if hee might with safetie that one could not trust those who want faith that no Catholike could bee secure in those places no not the Emperour himselfe that if they refuse Trent they may finde places in the Dukedome of Milan the Kingdome of Naples in the State of Venice of the Duke of Sauoy or Florence Concerning the reuocation of the things already decided it was not to bee mentioned that hee would neither reuoke nor confirme them but referre all to the Councell which with the assistance of the holy Spirit will determine whatsoeuer it shall please God Hee did much ruminate vpon the Nationall Councell of France saving that Germanie would follow the example and that some stirres would bee raised in Italie if order were not taken that they would submit the Papacie to the Councell and whatsoeuer belongeth to it But his resolution was this Pro fide religione volumus mori Desiring the Ambassadours to speake their opinion the Emperours Ambassadour sayd it was better to take time in regard the Emperours affaires would not permit him to consent The Pope seeming to bee angry the Ambassadour added that it was good first to winne the mindes of the Princes of Germany The Pope answered more angerly that there Wherein he is contradicted by the Emperours Ambassadour onely was now no time to doe it and the Ambassadour replying that he feared that by this meanes the heretiques would bee incited against Italy the Pope said aloud that GOD would not abandon his owne cause and that he should bee assisted by the Catholique Princes with men and money for his defence The Spanish Ambassadour commended the Popes purpose and said that his King would not faile to fauour him and that to this end hee had already sent Antonio di Toledo into France The Ambassadours of Portugall Venice and others offered the fauour and assistance of their Princes and in the ende the Pope gaue them order to signifie his intention and so dismissed them Afterwards hee receiued answere from Cardinall Tornon that hauing tried all meanes hee was not able to remooue the King nor any of his Councell nor could hope for any better successe hereafter yea that hee saw all things to waxe worse The King of Spaine hauing sent to the Pope the finall answere giuen to Toledo wrote withall that the French King excused himselfe that without a Nationall Councell hee could not remedie the disorders of his kingdome and that it was no maruell if to withstand inconueniences Princes doe that alone which they should doe together with the Pope This letter troubled his Holinesse thinking hee did inferre that hee might doe the same also himselfe in Flanders It was afterwards discouered that the Popes purpose was if hee could not absolutely auoyd the Councell to deferre it at the least vntill he had set in order his domesticall affaires For being to hold a Synod it was necessary to giue a good example in the meane space and spend excessiuely in maintaining poore Prelats and officers and The Popes secret purpose was to auoid or deserre the Councell other things necessary for the Synode which would consume all the reuenewes and the businesse it selfe also would take vp all his time so that hee could not take care of his house But hee resolued though against his will not to deferre the Conuocation any longer Whereupon the twentieth of But maketh a contrary resolution against his will October hee held a Congregation of Cardinals in which hee gaue them an account of the answere of the French King to Toledo of the King of Spaine his letter to him and of the negotiation of the Cardinall Tornon adding a new aduertisement sent him out of France that although the generall Councell were opened they would not goe thither if the Protestants did not consent to receiue it These things put them in a great confusion and all feared that though the generall Councell should proceede yet France would And is much troubled with the occurrences of Trance make the Nationall whence by consequence an alienation from the obedience of the Apostolique Sea would arise and an example to the residue of Christendome to doe the like either with or without the consent of their Princes Some thought much of the Protestation made to the Cardinall of Trent that hee should not bee too liberall in offering that Citie but remember that the Emperour is Lord of it without whose consent hee neither can nor ought to dispose of it in such a businesse who had declared himselfe alreadie that by all meanes hee would first make a Diet. They were also much troubled with that which D. Antenio di Toledo wrote that all the Grandies yea the Bishops themselues did fauour the new opinions to settle and augment their owne estates Notwithstanding all this all the Cardinals except the Cardinall of Ferrara were of opinion to open the Councell remoouing the suspension The Pope said the Councell should begin at Saint Martins tide and considering the imminent dangers and the hopes to ouercome them he His comfort is that the losse will be greater to the French King then to the Apostolike Sea resolued himselfe and did comfort also the Cardinals and his other dependants
regard of his fatherly affection and that the Legates beeing in Trent already and many of the Italian and Spanish Prelates and the rest in their iourney they should immediatly send an Ambassadour and their Bishops Besides he commanded the Legat to vse all diligence to hinder the preaching and assembling of the Protestants and to encourage the Diuines giuing them Indulgences and spirituall graces and promising them temporall assistance also but that himselfe should by no meanes be present at the sermons of the Protestants and auoid all banquets where any of them were in companie At the same time the Polonian Prelats came to Trent who hauing visited Two Polonian Prelates cometo Trent the Legates and shewed the deuotion of their Church to the Sea of Rome related how the Lutherans attempted to bring their doctrine into that kingdome and the foundations which were already layd in some parts to oppose whose plots the Bishops were alwayes to be vigilant that they were all desirous to assist in the Councell and to promote the common cause which not being able to doe for the cause aforesaid so important and necessarie they had sent their Proctors to giue voyce as if the Prelats were present And they demanded to haue as many voyces as they had commissions from the Bishops who for lawfull causes could not part out of the kingdome The Legats answered in generall termes meaning to resolue with mature deliberation Who desire to haue as many voices as they haue commissions from the Bishops Their râ—quest is sent to Rome where it was resected for feare of dangerous confequences and the Pope whom they had aduised hereof proposed it in Consistorie where the Cardinals without difficultie concurred in the negatiue because it was determined before that the resolutions should bee made as formerly they had beene by pluralitie of voyces and not by Nations Which was therather thought to be necessary because there was a fame that the French-men though Catholiques came with Sorbonicall and Parliamentarie mindes fully bent to acknowledge the Pope no further then they pleased And it was knowen before that the Spaniards had some humour to subiect the Pope to the Councell and the Legates had often sent aduice from Trent The deseignes of the French and Spanish Prelates are suspected that some bad ambitious humours to enlarge the Episcopall authority were discouered and in particular the Spaniards did propose that it was necessary to restraine the authority of the Pope at the least so farre as that hee might not derogate from the decrees of this Councell saying that otherwise the labour and cost would be all in vaine if for small causes and sometimes without any he might dispence with them as he dayly doth with all the Canons The Cardinals saw no other meanes to oppose these attempts but by sending a great number of Italian Prelates who being vnited together will ouercome For which cause the Pope resolueth to send many Italian Prelats to Trent to make a maior part all the Vltramontans And this remedie would bee to no purpose if the voices of the absent were admitted For the Spaniards and French-men would cause all their Bishops to send proxies and it would be as much as to giue voyces not by heads but by Nations Therefore it was written to Trent that they should make large promises to the Polonians but conclude that the Councell was a continuation and the same which was begun vnder Paulus the third so that the orders then practised and continuately kept with good fruit as did appeare must be still obserued amongst which one was that the absent should haue no voyce with which if they did dispence all other National would pretend the like with much confusion that whatsoeuer request Polonia did make for any thing The Polonian Prelats seeme to be satisfied with a courteous negatiue but depart returne no more that was proper to it selfe and would not raise any stirres in other Countries should be granted in regard of the merits of that most noble Nation The Polonians seemed to bee satisfied with the answere yet pretending businesse at Venice they departed and returned no more A letter which the King of Spaine wrote with his owne hand caused much ioy in Rome in which hee aduertized the Pope of the negotiation of Montbrun sent vnto him by the Queene of France and of the answere which hee gaue him promising to assist his Holinesse to purge Christendome of heresie Iohn Tancherel is condemnâ—d by the Parliament of Paris for defending in y e schooles that the Pope may depose Kings with all the forces of his Kingdomes and States and to send potent and speedy aydes to any Prince that would cleanse his Countrey of that contagion But the bad conceit which the Court had of the French-men was increased by an aduice sent from Paris that the Parliament had with much solemoitie condemned to recant one Iohn Tancherel a Bachelor of Diuinity because with intelligence of some Diuines he had proposed and defended publique questions that the Pope Vicar of CHRIST is Monarch of the Church and may depriue Kings and Princes who disobey his commandements of their Kingdomes States and Digmties who beeing accused cited and hauing confessed the fact did flie and the iudges as in a Comedie caused the Beadell of the Vniuersitie to represent his person and to make a publike satisfaction and recantation forbidding the Diuines to dispute such questions hereafter making them goe to the King to aske pardon for hauing suffered so important a matter to bee disputed on and to promise to oppose themselues alwayes against that doctrine They spake of the Frenchmen as of lost sheepe who denied the authoritie giuen by CHRIST to S. Peter For which the French-men are much censured in Rome to feede the whole flocke and to loose and binde which doth consist principally in punishing the delicts which giue scandall or offence against the Church in common without difference of Prince or subiect The examples of the Emperours Henry the fourth and fifth Frederic the first and second and Lewis of Bauaria of the Kings of France Philippus Augustus and Pulcher were alleadged as also the famous sayings of the Canonists in this poynt they sayd the Pope ought to cite the whole Parliament to Rome and that the conclusion of that Diuine ought to be sent to Rome also to be examined before any thing else were done and approoued and the contrary condemned The Pope did moderately complaine hereof and thought it better But the Pope dissembleth his distaste to dissemble because as hee sayd the great sore of France did make this insensible The Court was perswaded that neither Ambassadour nor Bishop would be sent out of France to Trent and discoursed what was fit for the Pope to doe to force them to accept the determinations of the Councell which the Pope was by all meanes resolued to open at the beginning of the new yeere Hee imparted this
Coccus Archbishop of Corfu made the Oration When the Masse was ended A question betweene the Ambassadors of Portugal and Hungary about the precedency of their Masters 〈◊〉 the Mandats of Princes being to be read there grew a question between the Ambassadors of Hungary and Portugal each pretending that his should first be read as of the more eminent King There was no difficultie in the Precedence of the Ambassadors themselues because that of Portugal as a secular sate at the right side of the Temple and the other as an Ecclesiastike at the left The Legates hauing consulted hereof said that the Mandats should be read in the order as they were presented not according to the dignitie of the Princes The Popes briefe referring the matter of the Index to the Councell was read also This Index had beene made in Rome by Paul the fourth as hath been said with which if the Councel had medled it might haue seemed to chalenge superiority aboue the Pope Therfore they thought fit that the Pope should voluntarily giue leaue to preuent that preiudice The Masse Patriarke read the Decree the substance whereof was That the Synod The Decree concerning the Index meaning to restore the Catholike doctrine to its purity and correct maners in regard the number of pernicious and suspected bookes was increased because the censures made in diuers Prouinces and Rome haue done no good hath determined to depute some father to consider hereof and to relate to the Synod in time conuenient what they thinke fit to haue done more to separate the cockle from the good corne to remooue all scruples out of mens mindes and to take away all cause of complaints ordaining that this should bee published with that Decree that if any haue interest in the businesse of the bookes and censures or any other to bee handled in Councell hee may know and be assured that hee shall bee courteously heard And because the Synod doth heartily desire the peace of the Church that all may acknowledge their common mother it doth inuite all who doe not communicate with her to reconciliation and concord and to come to Trent where they shall be imbraced with all offices of charitie and further hath decreed that a safe conduct may be granted in a generall Congregation and shall bee of the same force and strength as if it had beene granted in publike Session The Decree being read the title whereof was Of the holy Ecumenicall generall The title of the Councell is questioned Synod lawfully assembled in CHRIST the Arch-bishop of Granata required that these words representing the vniuersall Church should bee added as hath beene obserued in all the later Councels Antonius Peragues Arch-bishop of Caglieri made the same request and these two were followed by almost all the Spanish Prelates desiring that this request might bee noted in the acts No answere was made but for conclusion the next Session was appointed to be the 14 of May. The Decree was printed not onely because it was the custome but because The Decree is censured it was made of purpose to bee published to all and it was censured by all sorts of persons It was demanded how the Synod did call those who were interested in the things which were to bee handled in the Councell if they were not knowne and said that formerly all things were handled besides expectation and who could prophesie what the Legates would propose because they knew not themselues still expecting Commissions from Rome Those who were interested in any booke how could they know that any thing would be spoken against it The generalitie of the citation and incertaintie of the cause might induce euery one to goe to Trent because euery one hath interest in some particular which might perhaps bee treated on It was concluded generally that they were called in shew and excluded indeed Notwithstanding these things which they could not praise they commended the ingenuous confession of the Synod that the former prohibitions had begot scruples in mens minds and giuen cause of complaints In Germanie that part was suspected where the Synod giueth authoritie to itselfe to giue a safe conduct in a generall Congregation For they vnderstood not any difference in regard the same persons met in both assemblies but only that they did weare Miters in the Sessions and Caps in the Congregations nor why if the safe-conduct could not then be granted they could not make a Session expresly for it In summe they thought that there was some great mysterie couered in it howsoeuer the most vnderstanding men did beleeue that the Synod was assured that no Protestant would come to Trent with any safe-conduct whatsoeuer except it were by force as it happened in the yeere 1552. because of the resolution of Charles a thing which could no more bee put in practise The Pope wrote backe to the Legats that the heretikes should not be inuited to repentance with promise of pardon because it hauing been done by Iulius and another time by Paul the fourth no good issue came of it Amongst the heretiques those who are in a place of liberty will not accept it and those who remaine where the Inquisition hath power if they feare to bee discouered will receiue the pardon fainedly to secure themselues of that The Popes answer to the Legats which is past with purpose to doe worse more warily For the Safe Conduct hee was content it should bee giuen to all who are not vnder the Inquisition but so as that the exception should not bee expressed in regard that when Iulius granted his pardon except onely to those who were subiect to the Inquisitions of Spaine and Portugall much was spoken against it and it passed with small reputation as if the Pope had not the same power ouer that Inquisition as ouer others But for the manner of expressing it hee did referre it to the Synode For the forme hee commended that which the Councell gaue to Germanie in the yeere 1552 in regard that was seene already and that so many Protestants came that yeere to Trent vpon that securitie Concerning the Index he ordained that the deputies should proceede vntill an occasion were offered to make a publique Decree without the opposition of any Prince The answere being come the second of March and the day following Congregations were held to resolue whether the generall pardon ought to bee published and a Safe Conduct granted and what forme was to be giuen to the one and the other and the fourth day after long disputations all was concluded the Legates hauing made the determination fall where they aymed without interesting the Popes authority To inuite the heretikes to repentance was omitted for the reasons alleadged in Rome It was much disputed whether a Safe Conduct was to be giuen by the name of the French English and Scottish men and some spake of the Greekes and other Nations of the East It was presently seene that these poore men afflicted in seruitude
meae donec inveniam locum Domino Tabernaculum Deo Iacob O si Principes Christiani audire vellent vocem Domini sui Nunc reges intelligite inquit Dominus erudimini qui iudicatis terrā Ego inquit dixi dij estis hoc est homines divinitùs electi quibus nomen meum esset curae Cogita tu quem ego desterquilinio excitaui in summo dignitatis honoris gradu collocavi praefeci populo meo cum ita studiosè aedifices ornes domum tuam quo animo potes contemnere domum meam Aut quomodo quotidie oras vt regnum tuum tibi posterisque tuis confirmetur An vt nomen meum semper afficiatur contumetia vt evangeliam Christi mei extinguatur vt servi mei meâ causâ ante oculos tuos te inspectante tracidentur vt tyrannis longiùs grassetur vt populo meo semper imponatur vt per te scandalum confirmetur Vae illi per quem venit scandalum vae etiam illi per quem confirmatur scandalum Horres sanguinem corporum quanto magis horrere debes sanguinem animarum Memineris quid acciderit Antiocho Herodi Iuliano Ego regnum tuum transferam ad hostem tuum quia peccasti adversum me ego muto tempora vices temporum abijcioreges instituo vt intelligas me alūssimum esse vim habere in regno hominum illud dare cui volo ego humilio ego exalto ego glorificantes me glorisico eos qui me contemnunt afficio contumeliâ ANDREAS DVDITHIVS EPISCOPVS QVINQVEECCLESIENSIS in Epistola ad Maximilianum II. Caesarem vbi sententiam suam refert de Calice Laicis concedendo Sacerdotum coniugio QVid profici potuit in eo Concilio in quo numerarentur non suis momentis ponderarentur sententiae si caussa si ratione pugnandum fuisset si pauci quidam socij nobis adfuissent viceramus quamuis pauci magnas copias aduersariorum Sed cum numerus tantùm prodiret in aciem quo longè inferiores futuri fuissemus in optima causa victores discedere non potuimus Singulis nostrum centenos de suis Papa potuit opponere ac si centeni parum multi viderentur repentè mille creare potuit quos suis laborantibus subsidio mitteret Itaque videre erat quotidie famelicos egentes Episcopos exmaiori parte barbatulos adolescentes luxúque perditos Tridentum volitare conductos ad sententiam secundùm Papae voluntatem dicendam indoctos illos quidem stolidos sed tamen impudentia audacia vtiles Hi cum ad veteres adulatores Papae accesserant tum verò victrix exultabat iniquitas neque decerni iam quidquam potuit nisi in eorum sententiam qui Papae potentiam luxúmque defendere summam religionem arbitrabantur Erat aliquis vir grauis eruditus qui tantam indignitatem ferre not poterat hic vt non bonus Catholicus terrore minis ac insectatione à Concilio ad probandum quae nollet traducebatur In summa in eum statum res est adducta istorum qui illuc facti institutique venerant improbitate non vt iam Episcoporum sed laruarum non hominum sed simulacrorum quae neruis mouentur alienis vt Daedali statuae fuisse perhibentur Concilium illud videretur Erant Episcopi illi conductitij plerique vt vtres rusticorum musicum instrumentum quos vt vocem mittant inflare necesse est Nil habuit cum illo conuentu S. Spiritus commereij omnia erant humana consilia quae in immodica sanè quà m pudenda Pontificum tuenda dominatione consumebantur Illinc responsa tanquam Delphis aut Dodonâ expectabantur illinc nimirum Spiritus ille S. quem suis Concilijs prae esse iactant tabellarij manticis inclusus mittebatur qui quod admodum ridiculum est cum aliquando vt fit aquae pluuijs excrescebant non ante aduolare poterat quà m inundationes desedissent Ita fiebat vt Spiritus non super aquas vt est in Genesi sed secus aquas ferretur O portentosam singularem dementiam Ratum nihil esse poterat quod Episcopi tanquam plebs sciscerent nisi Papa autor fieret AN ALPHABETICALL TABLE OF ALL THE Principall matters conteined in this Historie of the Councell of TRENT A ABuses in the Church of Rome are collected to be reformed pag. 83 84 Acclamations vsed in former Councels and imitated in Trent 813 Adrian 6. is created Pope is much feared for his seueritie 19 Is learned in schoole-diuinitie was borne in Vtrect resolueth to reforme the Court of Rome 20 Is disswaded from it 23 He lamenteth because the Popes cannot doe good though they desire it neuer so much 24 Hee confesseth the abuses of the Clergie not exempting the Apostolique Sea 25 His death and prayses 30 Amante Seruita a Friar of Brescia concurreth in opinion with Luther concerning the Eucharist and is silenced 522 Ambassadors in Trent hold a consultation how to remedie the proceedings in Councell and choose the French Ambassador Lansac to speake for them 570 571 The Ambassadours in Trent did not subscribe the Decrees when the Councell was ended 813 Andreas Vega chiefe of the Franciscans disputeth that the opinions of the Lutherans ought not to be condemned without declaring the opinion of the Catboliques 179 Hee writeth against Soto 216 Anna du Bourg is burned in France for religion and his constance causeth a great increase of the reformed religion 419 Annats are spoken against by the Bishop of Nismes 716 Appeales and their originall 334 335 Apostolique Sea what it is 321 Arch-Bishop of Collen is cited by the Emperour to cleare himselfe of Lutheranisme obiected gainst him 124 and by the Pope at the same time 125 Is sentenced by the Pope but the sentence is not executed by the Emperor vntill certaine yeares after 165 He is obeyed by his people 189 is proceeded against by the Emperour and Prince Adolphus put in his place 259 Arch-bishp of Otranto opposeth the Cardinall of Loraine and hath forty voyces at his command 719 is reprehended by the Spanish Ambassadour for making priuate congregations 759 Arch-bishop of Toledo is in the Inquisition of Spaine his booke is examined in Councell and approued 750 Aremboldus is agent for the Popes sister to vent her indulgences 5 Augustan Confession whence it had the name and when the first liberty to beprofessed publiquely 63 Auignion rebelleth against the Pope 429 430 B BAndo set forth by the Emperor against the Duke of Saxony and the Landgraue of Hassia 201 Baptisme discussed 242 Whether that of Iohn be equall to Christs Baptisme 243 Battaile of S. Quintin in which the French King receiued a great ouerthrow 406 Battaile in France betweene the Protestants and Papists in which the Prince of Conde was taken prisoner 647 Causeth much ioy in Trent 649 Bauaria desireth libertie of religion 397. 398 The Bauarian Ambassadour maketh a biting Oration in Councell against
because that was the principall cause which induced the Pope not onely to consent as before but to vse all endeuours that the Councell might be celebrated and which assured the Protestants that neither in Councell nor in any other place where any Minister of the Pope was present they could hope to obtaine any thing The first action began the fifth of April and it was deliuered in the Emperours name that his Maiestie seeing the Turke entred into the bowels of Germany the cause whereof was the diuision of the States of the Empire for the difference in religion had alwayes sought a meanes of pacification and that of the Councel seeming vnto him most commodious he went purposely into Italy to treat thereof with Pope Clement and after not being able to bring it to effect he returned and went in person to Rome to make the same negotiation with Pope Paul in whom he found much readinesse But not being able to effect any thing by reason of diuers impediments of warre hee had finally called that Diet and besought the Pope to send a Legat thither The first action of the Diet in Ratisbon Now he desired nothing but that some composition might be made and that some small number of godly and learned men might bee chosen on either side to conferre vpon the controuersies in friendly maner without preiudice of either of the parties and propose to the Diet the means of concord that all being consulted with the Legate the wished conclusion might be attained Suddenly there arose a controuersie betweene the Catholiques and Protestants about the manner of choosing those that should treat Wherefore the Emperour beeing desirous that some good should bee done demanded and obtayned of either partie power to nominate the persons desiring them to beleeue he would do nothing but for the common good For the Catholiques he elected Iohn Ecchius Iulius Flugius The names of the disputants and Iohn Groperus and for the Protestants Philip Melancthon Martin Bucer and Iohn Pistoria whom he called to him and grauely admonished them to abandon all passion and to ayme onely at the glory of God He made Frederique the Prince Palatine and Granuel Presidents of the Colloquie adding vnto them some others that all might passe with the greater dignity When the assembly was made Granuel published a booke and said it was giuen to A booke giuen to the Emperour as a 〈◊〉 for the future concord the Emperor by some godly and learned men as a direction for the future concord and that his will was they should read and examine it that it might serue for an argument and subiect of what they ought to treat that that which pleased all might be confirmed that which displeased all might bee corrected and in that wherein they assented not meanes might be vsed to reduce them to an agreement The booke contained 22. Articles The creation of man the integrity of nature free will the cause of originall sinne Iustification the Church her signes the signes of the word of God penance after sinne the authoritie of the Church the interpretation of the Scripture the Sacraments Order Baptisme Confirmation the Eucharist Penance Matrimony extreame Vnction charitie the Ecclesiasticall Hierarchie the articles determined by the Church the vse administration and ceremonies of the Sacraments Ecclesiasticall discipline and discipline of the people It was read and examined and some things were approoued some things amended by common consent and in others they could not agree And these were the ninth of the power of the Church the foureteenth of the Sacrament of Penance the eighteenth of the Hierarchie the 19. of the articles determined by the Church the 21. of single life In these they differed and either partie wrote his opinion This being done in the assembly of all the Princes the Emperour required the opinions of them all concerning the things agreed on and the different opinions of the Collocutors and withall proposed the amendement of the state of the Common-wealth as well ciuill as Ecclesiasticall The Bishops reiected absolutely the Booke of the concord and whatsoeuer was done in the Colloquie vnto whom the other Electors and Catholike Princes desirous of peace agreed not and it was concluded that the Emperour as aduocate of the Church together with the Apostolike Legat should examine the things agreed on and if any thing were obscure should cause it to bee expounded and should treat with the Protestants that concerning the things in controuersie they should consent to some Christian forme of concord Caesar imparted all to the Legat and vrged him that the Ecclesiasticall State ought to be reformed The Legat after he had considered of all the businesse answered in writing not more perspicuously then the ancient Oracles in this The Legate speaketh like 〈◊〉 Oracle manner That hauing seene the Booke presented to the Emperour and what was written by the deputies of the Colloquie as well the explications of either partie as the exceptions of the Protestants it seemed that the Protestants differing in-certaine articles from the common consent of the Church in which not withstanding he despaired not that with the helpe of God they might be induced to agree nothing should be ordered concerning the residue but referred to the Pope and the Apostolicall Sea who either in the generall Councell or some other way if there shall bee cause will define them according to the Catholique trueth with regard vnto the times and what shall bee expedient for the Christian Common-wealth and for Germanie But for reformation of the Cleargie hee promised all readinesse and to The exhortatation of the Legat Contarini made to the Prâ—â—â—s that end called into his house all the Bishops and made them a long exhortation First for their manner of liuing that they should abstaine from all scandall and appearance of luxurie auarice and ambition For their familie that they should vnderstand that from it the people made coniecture of the manners of the Bishop that the better to keepe their flocke they should remaine in the most inhabited places of the Diocesse haue diligent watchmen else-where that they should visite the Diocesses giue the Benefices to honest and fit men spend their reuenues vpon the necessitie of the poore flying not onely luxurie but all superfluous pompe make prouision of godly learned discreet and not contentious Preachers procure that the yonger sort be well brought vp because by this meanes the Protestants draw all the Nobilitie vnto them Hee committed this Oration to writing and gaue it to the Emperour to the Bishops and the Princes which gaue occasion to the Protestants to taxe the answere made to Caesar together with the exhortation made to the Prelats alledging for their motiue that the writing being published they should seeme to approoue it if they dissembled the knowledge of it His answere made to the Emperour pleased not the Catholiques because it appeared that he did approue the things agreed on in the Conference But
a criminall cause against a Bishop may not bee receiued by information but by witnesses and those of good fame chastizing them grieuously if they shall depose vpon Passion and the criminall causes of the Bishops may not be determined but by the Pope After this another Decree was published in which the Synode sayd The Decree concerning matters to be deferred vntill the comming of the Protestants That desiring to extirpate all errours it had handled foure Articles exactly 1. Whether it were necessary and commanded by GOD that all the faithfull should receiue the Sacrament vnder both kindes 2. Whether hee that receiueth but one receiueth lesse then he that receiueth both 3. Whether the holy Church hath erred in communicating the Laiques with the bread onely and the Priests who doe not celebrate 4. Whether children ought to bee communicated But because the Protestants of Germany doe desire to bee heard concerning these Articles before the definition and therefore haue demanded a Safe Conduct to come remaine speake freely propose and depart the Synode hoping to reduce them into the concord of one faith hope and charity by yeelding to them hath giuen them publique faith that is Safe Conduct as farre as it can according to the tenor vnder-written and hath deferred to define these Articles vntill the twenty fiue of Ianuary the next yeere ordaining withall that the Sacrifice of the Masse be handled in that Session as a thing annexed and that in the next the Sacraments of Penance and extreame Vnction be discussed The tenour of the Safe Conduct was That the holy Synode doeth as The tenor of the Safe Conduct much as it can grant publike faith full security that is Safe Conduct with all necessary and fit clauses though they require a speciall expression to all Ecclesiasticall and Secular persons of Germany of what degree state or quality soeuer who will come to this generall Councell that they may with all liberty conferre propose treate come remaine present Articles by writing or by word conferre with the Fathers deputed by the Synode and dispute without iniury and ill words and depart when they please And the Synode is further pleased to grant that if for their greater liberty and security they shall desire that Iudges bee deputed for the offences which they haue committed or shall commit though they be enormous and sauour of heresie The Ambassage of the Elector of Brandeburg they may name those that they shall esteeme fauourable After this the Mandate of Iâ—achim Elector of Brandeburg was read in the persons of Christopher Strassen a Lawyer and Iohn Osman his Ambassadours sent to the Councell The former made a long Oration shewing the good affection and reuerence of his Prince towarde the Fathers without declaring what his opinion was in point of Religion The Synode answered that is the Speaker in its name that it heard with great content the Ambassadours discourse especially in that part where that Prince doth submit himselfe to the Councell and promiseth to obserue the Decrees hoping that his deedes will be answerable to his wordes But the Proposition of those of Brandeburg was noted by many because the Electour was of the Augustane confession and it was openly knowen that his interests did mooue him to make such a faire shew that his sonne Fredericke elected Archbishop of Magdeburg by the Canons a Benefice vnto which a very great and rich principallitie is annexed might not be hindered at Rome and by the Catholiques in Germanie The answere which the Councel gaue was much matueiled at in regard An artifice vsed by the Councel often practised by the Church of Rome of the faire and aduantagious manner of contracting pretending ten thousand by vertue of the promise when the bargaine was but of ten For there is no more proportion betweene these two numbers then was betweene the reuerence promised by the Electour and the obedience receiued by the Synode It was replied for defence that the Councell did not regard what was but what should haue been sayd and that this is an vsuall and pious allurement of the holy Church of Rome which yeelding to the infirmitie of her children maketh shew to beleeue that they haue performed their duetie So the Fathers of the Councell of Carthage writing to Innocentius the first to giue him an account that they had condemned Celestinus and Pelagius desiring him to conforme himselfe to their declaration hee commended them in his answere that remembring the old Tradition and Ecclesiasticall discipline they had referred all to his iudgement whence all ought to learne whom to absolue and whom to condemne And indeed this is a faire gentle meanes to make men speake that in silence which they will not in words Afterwards according to the intimation made to the Abbat of Bellosana to giue him then an answere to the Letters and Protestation of his Master they made the Apparitors demaund by proclamation at the Church doore whether any were there for the most Christian King But no man appearing because it was so concluded by the Kings Counsel not to enter into the contestation of the cause especially for that they could expect no answere but made at Rome by the Pope and the Spaniards the speaker did desire that the answere decreed might be read publikely and so it was by consent of the Presidents The substance of it was That the Fathers conceiuing great hope of the fauours of the King were exceedingly grieued for the The answere of the Councell made to the Abbat of Bellosans words of his Minister which did much abate it yet they had not quite lost it in regard they were not conscious of hauing giuen him any cause of offence and for that hee said the Councell was assembled for the profit of some fewe and for priuate ends it had no place in them who were assembled not by the present Pope onely but by Paulus the third to extirpate heresies and reforme discipline then which causes none can bee more common and pious praying him to let his Bishops goe to assist this holy worke where they shall haue all liberty And if his Minister a priuate person who brought vnto them things distastfull was heard with patience and attention how much more welcome shall persons be of so great dignitie Adding withall that though they come not the Councell will not want reputation or authoritie hauing been lawfully called and for iust causes restored And for that his Maiestie did protest to vse the wonted remedies of his Ancestors the Synode had good hope that hee would not restore the things long since abrogated to the great benefit of that Crowne but looking backe vpon his Ancestors on the name of the most Christian King and on his father Francis who did honour that Synode following that example hee will not bee vnthankefull to GOD and the Church his mother but will rather pardon priuate offences for publike causes The Decrees of the Session were immediatly printed which
the end the Spaniard departed also and so did the Emperours Ambassadours and the Cardinall Crescentius was carried The Legate dieth in Verona to Verona where hee died For the last part of the Decree the Nuncij were much blamed in Rome The Nuncij are blamed for the last part of the Decree that the Synode had determined the obseruation of the Constitutio 〈…〉 without asking first the confirmation of the Apostolique Sea alledging that this hauing been exquisitely obserued by all former Councels was a great vsurpation and offence against the Papall authoritie Some also made a scruple that all that assisted in that Session had incurred the censure of the Canon Omnes dist 22. hauing done a preiudice to a priuiledge of the Popes authority pretending that the Decrees of the Councell were of force before the confirmation They sayd for themselues that they had not commanded but perswaded the obseruation But the answere did not satisfie because to And their defence is not esteemed good obserue as a law doth presuppose an obligation and in the Decree the exhortation is referred onely to Princes and Prelates who are exhorted to cause the Decrees to bee obserued And for the obseruers a former obligation is presupposed and for matter of faith they said the answere could haue no place They might haue excused themselues and sayd that euerything was approoued by the Pope before it was published in the Sessions Neither would this haue satisfied because thought it was true yet it did not appeare This gaue occasion to wonder that there should bee such a contention betweene the Synode and the Protestants concerning the things decreed which the Protestants would haue reexamined and the Synode would haue to bee held as concluded For if they were not perfectly established they might bee reexamined And they discoursed that the Pope who was to confirme them was to doe it either with taking knowledge of the cause or without if without the confirmation was a vanitie and according to the prouerbe that none should take a potion and another bee purged if with it then the Pope ought to examine them and so might euery one and referre himselfe to his Holinesse In summe if the force of the Decrees of the Councell dependeth on the Popes Confirmation before that they are in suspence and may be questioned and discussed better which was alwayes denied to the Protestants Some did conclude that the Decree was a declaration that the confirmation was not needfull The Protestants thought not of these reasons which the stronger they are in the Doctrine of the Sea of Rome so much the more the vse of them would endammage their pretensions But because there was more speech of the validitie of this Decree in the yeere 156 when the Councel ended that which remaineth shall be deferred vntill then Though the Protestants had the better in mannaging the warre yet Manrice treated friendly with Ferdinand yea went to him into his owne Territeries desiring nothing of him but the freedome of the Landgraue his father in law the liberty of Germanie and peace of Religion The Protestants Annos did still proceede and the Emperour though hee were not ready to make resistance yet thinking he had Germany vnder his yoke hee would not leaue any part of the domination which hee had assumed and Ferdinand after hee had treated with Maurice went to Ispruc to perswade him But the The Emperor flieth from Isprut enemies Armie approaching that Citie the simperour was forced to flie by night with all his Court and after he had wandered in the Mountaines of Trent he came to Vdlaco a City of Carinthia at the confines of the Venetians where he was much afraid because the Senate to secure the frontiers sent Souldiers to that place though the Venetian Ambassadour did assure him that they were at his seruice if there were occasion to employ them Before he departed from Ispruc he set Iohn Fredericke Duke of Saxony at libertie to And setteth Fredericke Duke of Saxony at liberty take the glory of his deliuery from Maurice which pleased that Prince very much whom it concerned more to bee fauoured by an enemie his Superiour then by an enemie his equall and emulous A few houres after the departure from Ispruc Maurice arriued there the same night where not touching any thing that belonged to Ferdinand or the Maurice taketh Isprue Citizens he made himselfe Lord of the Emperours baggage and of the baggage of his Court The Protestants seeing their aduantage by this flight published another Manifest signifying in substance that hauing taken armes The Protestants set forth a Manifest for Religion and the liberty of Germany as the enemies of the trueth had no other ayme but that the holy Doctors being first oppressed the Popish errours might be restored and the youth brought vp in them hauing imprisoned some and made others sweare to depart and not returne againe which oath doth not binde because it is wicked they did recall them all and commaund them to resume their office of teaching according to the Augustan Confession and to remooue all calumnies did absolue them from the oath taken The treatie of peace still continuing it was at last concluded in A Peace is concluded Passau in the beginning of August concerning all differences and for Religion it was thus ordered that within sixe moneths a Diet should bee called to consult how the discords in Religion might most easily and commodiously be composed either by a generall or Nationall Councell or by a Colloquie or vniuersall Diet of the Empire That in that Diet an equall number of godly humble and wise men of either Religion should bee taken charging them to consider of and propose the most conuenient meanes and that in the meane space neither the Emperour nor any other may force any in matter of Religion against his conscience or will neither De facto nor by forme of reason nor doe any thing in contempt or to grieue any for that cause but to let euery man liue in quiet and in peace and likewise that the Princes of the Augustan Confession may not molest the Ecclesiastiques or seculars of the old Religion but let them enioy their goods Lordships Superiorities iurisdictions and ceremonies that in the Chamber iustice bee administred to euery one without regard of what Religion he is not excluding the Confessionists from the places they are to haue amongst the assessors and that it be free for the assessors and for the litigants to sweare by God and the Saints or by God and the Gospel And though there be no meanes of composition in Religion yet this peace shall remaine in force for euer And so the Interim was abrogated which had been really executed but in few places The Landgraue of Hassia was deliuered by vertue of this agreement so that all difficulties with the Emperour did cease yet the warre continued a whole The Interim is abrogated The Landgraue is set at
hee receiued him in the Kings Hall and as Ambassadour of the King of Nauarre thinking it preiudiciall to his possession of that Kingdome to which hee had no title but by the excommunication of Iulius the second and because hee gaue audience to Monsieur de Cars who came to intreat him in the same Kings name to be a meanes that the Kingdome might be restored to him or satisfaction giuen him and had promised his paines herein The Pope sent the Bishop of Terracina expressely into Spaine to iustifie and excuse what hee For which two causes the Pope sendeth a Nunciâ— into Spaine had done in fauour of the King of Nauarre and to expound as it were by occasion the meaning of the Bull. To those that were afraid in regard of the contrary opinions of so great Princes hee answered that as a louing father hee had inuited all but that hee esteemed the Protestants as lost and that the Catholiques of Germanie could not adhere to the Councell without making a separation from the others and raising a warre and if any Catholique Prince would forsake him hee would proceede by his owne authority as did Iulius the third without the French King But hee told his inward friends that he accounted all these troubles to be indifferent in regard not knowing the issue of them hee might as well hope for a good successe as feare a bad In the meane space hee saw that hee receiued some benefit by this vncertaine Councell because it serued him as a bridle for Prince and Prelate in attempting any nouitie and for a colour to denie vnpleasing The vnccrtainty of y e Councel did stand the Pope in some stead suits saying that the Councell beeing opened hee ought to proceed warily and with respect and not to be prodigall in bestowing graces and fauours and when any great difficulty did arise hee did referre it to the Councell Onely he was afraid that the bad affection of the Protestants towards the Church of Rome might cause some excursion into Italie which A difference about precedence betweene the Dukes of Florence and of Ferrara would bee deriued wholly vpon himselfe and hee saw an ouerture thereof by a difference of precedence betweene the Dukes of Florence and Ferrara who descended to vnciuill termes Cosmo Duke of Florence said hee held the place of the Florentine republique which was euer preferred before the Dukes of Ferrara Alfonso Duke of Ferrara pretended that the Dukedome had continued in the house of his progenitors for many successions whereas Cosmo was the first Duke of Florence whose precedencie could not be maintained by the right of the Republique because it was no more in being This Duke was fauoured by Francis as cousin to Henry the second and brother in law to those of the house of Guise The other grounded himselfe vpon a sentence of Charles the fifth in his fauour Alfonso made instance in Germanie that the Emperour with the Electors would bee iudge of it in a Diet. The Pope thought it dangerous that the Diet of Germany should giue sentence concerning Italy which did by consequence import an execution and danger of Armes For remedie whereof he wrote to both the Dukes that it belonged onely to the Apostolique Sea and Vicar of CHRIST to giue sentence in such causes commanding them both to shew him their proofes and to expect his determination And to be prepared for all euents hee resolued to fortifie the Castle of Rome and the Citie Leonina commonly called Borgo and other places in his State as hee thought conuenient and imposed a taxe of three Iulij vpon euery measure of corne called a Rubie throughout his whole Territory And not to giue cause of iealousie to Princes he called the Ambassadours of the Emperour Spaine Portugal and Venice to whom hee imparted his determination and his reasons commanding them to aduertise their Princes of it and sayd that the Subsidie layd vpon his Subiects would be but small lesse then that which was imposed by Paul 4. when hee commanded the celebration of the Chaire of Saint Peter because by his imposition the poore man paid but three Iulij a yeere but by the Feast of Paul 4. did lose fiue and that dayes worke The time prefixed to begin the Councell approaching the Pope not to The Pope appointeth Presidents for the Councell faile in any thing that was to bee performed by him deputed Legate to preside Hercules Gonzaga Cardinall of Mantua a man eminent in regard of the greatnesse of his house of his brother Ferandus and of his owne vertue Hee vsed the Emperour to perswade him to accept and was confident of his worth and dexteritie To him hee ioyned Iacobus Puteus of Nizza an excellent Lawyer who was exercised a long time first in the Rota and then in the Signature saying that hee purposed to make three more and that if hee could not finde able men in the Colledge hee would create new Cardinals Diuines and Lawyers men of honesty for this imployment And hee called a Congregation of Cardinals and Prelates to giue order for all things necessary for the beginning of the Councell in Trent at the time appointed and letters came very fitly from the French King and in conformity of The French King accepteth the Bull. them his Ambassadour Mounsiear of Angolesme did declare vnto him that he was content with the Councel vpon any tearmes being desirous to see the effect of it and that fruit which all Christendome did require And he sent Mounsieur de Ramboullet expressely vnto him to make the same request and to represent vnto him the necessities of France and to tell him of the instance made vnto him herein by the States assembled in Orliens signifying vnto him that if this remedie were not quickly applyed hee should bee constrained to receiue a medicine in his owne Kingdome by an Assembly of his Prelates in regard there was no meanes to compose the differences of Religion but by a free Generall Councell or in defect thereof by a Nationall The Pope answered that none did desire the Councel more then himselfe the delay whereof proceeded not from him but from the diuers opinions of Princes for whose satisfaction he had giuen such a forme to the Bull as seemed most fit to content them all They changed their opinion in France because beeing in as bad a state as might bee thought that euery mutation made elsewhere would better their condition Viterbo wrote out of Spaine that the King did approoue his propositions and that after some consultation with his Prelates was finally resolued to accept the Bull without making any difficultie and to send his Prelates as And so doth the King of Spaine soone as the season was fit for trauell and an honourable Ambassage to assist in the Councell Hee sent aduice also that the Prelates of Portugall were already parted from their houses and that the King would send an Ambassadour but that he had perceiued that
an end without speaking of the other 3. Articles But concerning the fourth Article the Spanish Diuines and dependants The 4. Article that the Cup is not to bee allowed to the people is stâ—oÌ„gly maintained by the Spanish Prelates on Spaine were maruellously vnited in giuing counsell that by no meanes the vse of the Cup should bee permitted to Germany or others The substance of that which they said was That none of the causes which formerly mooued the Church to take it from the people beeing ceased yea beeing now more vrgent and others more strong and essentiall annexed it was fit to perseuere in the determination of the Councell of Constance and of the Church before and after And discoursing of the dangers of irreuerence which was the first kinde of the causes they said they were now more to bee feared then in former times For then there was none who did not constantly beleeue the reall and naturall presence of CHRIST in the Sacrament after the consecration so long as the kindes did last and yet the Cup was taken away because men had not such regard to the blood of CHRIST as was necessary and therefore what reuerence can bee hoped for now when some doe denie the reall presence and some will haue it onely in the vse Besides there is not so much deuotion amongst good Catholiques diligence in humane affaires and negligence in diuine beeing much increased so that it may bee feared that a greater neglect may produce a greater irreuerence To make a difference betweene Priests and others is now more necessary then euer because the Protestants haue exposed them to the hatred of the people and spread a doctrine which taketh from them their exemptions subiecteth them to lay Magistrates detracteth from their power of absoluing from sinnes and saith also that they should bee called to the ministery by the people and bee obnoxious to bee deposed by them which should force the Church to preserue exactly all those rites which may giue them reputation The danger that the vulgar may receiue an impression of false beleefe and bee perswaded that some thing is in the Cup which is not vnder the bread is now more vrgent in regard of the new opinions spread abroad Many said that the Church did prohibite the Chalice to oppose the errour of Nestorius who did beleeue that all CHRIST was not vnder one kinde which being the opinion of some of the heretiques now the prohibition is to bee maintained still What they would inferre by this I cannot expresse better hauing neuer read that Nestorius did speake in this subiect nor that the Modernes doe handle it with those termes But the third danger that the authoritie of the Church would bee debased and a conclusion made that it hath erred in taking a way the Cup may bee called not a danger but a thing that would certainely happen neither was the request made by the Protestants but to conclude that the Synod hauing confessed the errour past hath corrected it by this graunt so they will publish the victory and demaund a change also in other constitutions of the Church They said they were deceiued who thought the Dutch-men would bee satisfied with this and submit themselues to the decrees of the Councell yea they will take away fasts difference of meates demaund marriage of Priests and an abolition of Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction in the exterior Court which is the marke at which they all doe ayme that it is not credible they are Catholikes who desire the Cup because the Catholikes doe all beleeue that the Church cannot erre and that no deuotion is acceptable to God if it be not approued by it and that obedience to the Church is the height of Christian perfection that it is certainly to bee beleeued that hee that doth demaund the Cup thinkes it necessarie and hee that thinketh so cannot bee a Catholique that none doth demaund it beleeuing that hee may not lawfully vse it without the graunt of the Councell but that they may not bee hindred by their Princes who if they were alone would vsurpe it without any allowance that of this euery one may bee assured obseruing that not the people but the Princes doe entreat who will not suffer a nouitie without a lawfull Decree not because the people would not bring it in of themselues more willingly then seeke it of the Councell And this argument was so pressed that Fryar Francis Forier a Portugall A petulant saying of a Fryar against the Princes who demanded the Cup. vsed a conceipt which the auditors thought to bee not onely bold but petulant also that the Princes would make themselues Lutherans by permission of the Councell The Spaniards exhorted them to consider that if this were graunted to Germanie Italy and Spaine would demaund the like to whom it could not bee denied from whence also these Nations would learne not to obey and to desire a change of other Ecclesiasticall Lawes and that to make a most Catholike countrey Lutheran there was no better meane then to giue it the Cup. Franciscus Della Torre a Iesuite repeated a saying of the Cardinall Saint Angelo the chiefe Penitentiarie that Sathan who was woont to transforme himselfe into an Amgell of heauen and his Ministers into Ministers of light doth now vnder the couer of the Chalice with the blood of CHRIST exhort to giue the people a cup of poyson Some added that the prouidence of God guiding the Church inspired the Councell of Constance in the former age to establish the taking away of the Cup by a decree not onely for the reasons which were then of force but because if it were now in vse there would bee no externall signe to distinguish the Catholiques from the Heretiques and this distinction being taken away the Protestants would bee mingled in the Church with the faithfull and that would follow which Saint Paul saith that A little leauen doth quickly make sower a great lumpe so that to graunt the Cuppe would bee nothing else but to giue the heretiques greater opportunitie to hurt the Church Some also who knew not the petition had beene presented to the Pope and by him to vnburthen himselfe and draw the matter in length referred to the Councell did expound it ill that the request was then made to the Synod and not to the Pope suspecting it was to this end that they might enlarge euery grant with vnsit interpretations and so cause a necessitie of another Councell But those who thought they might condescend to the requests of the Emperour and of so many other Princes and people gaue counsell to proceed with lesse rigour and not to make such bad interpretations of the godly prayers of the weake brethren but to follow the precept of Saint Paul to transforme themselues into the defects of the imperfect to winne them and not to haue worldly aymes of reputation but to gouerne themselues by the rules of charitie which treading vnder foot all others euen those of humane
but others did not thinke it probable First because by this meanes all hope was taken from â—onde whom he â—â—istâ—â—sted much more yea that hee did much desire that Borbon should returne to the secular state that himselfe might be the prime 〈…〉 France and that if a Patriarke were made as hee much desired hee might vndoubtedly be the man which could not bee if Borbon did still remaine in the Cleargie The Pope hauing receiued aduice of the death of Mantua and consulted with his inward friends thought it necessary to send other Legats who being new not intangled with promises and treaties might follow his instructions with more ease And therefore the seuenth of March the second Sunday in Lent not intimating a Congregation as hee was wont but the Two new Legates are created Cardinals being assembled in the Chamber where they put on their robes to goe to the Chappell according to the vse hee stayed and excluding the Courtiers caused the doores to bee shut and created Legats the Cardinals Iohn Morone and Bernardus Nauaggerus that by the perswasions of Princes or Cardinals he might not bee forced to name others that pleased him not The Pope thought to doe it secretly but it came to the eares of the French-men and the Cardinall of Bordissiera spake to the Pope before hee went out of the Chamber and told him many reasons that in case hee would create new Legats hee could not commit the charge to a more worthy person then the Cardinall of Loraine But the Pope being resolute and displeased that the matter was not so secretly carried answered freely that the Cardinall of Loraine came to the Councell as Head of one of the pretendent parties and that he would depute those who were Neutrals and without interests The Cardinall being about to reply the Pope made haste away and went downe out of the Chamber so fast that there was not time to make answere The Congregation being ended the Pope let the Cardinals goe to the Chappell and himselfe returned to the Chamber because hee would not bee in ceremonie when he was so much vexed with the words of that Cardinall The ninth of March newes came to Trent that the Duke of Guise brother The Duke of Guise is slains vnder Orlience to the Cardinal of Loraine as he returned from the trenches vnder Orlience was shot by Iohn Poltrot a priuat Gentleman of the reformed religion and sixe dayes after died to the great discontent of all the Court and that after he was wounded he exhorted the Queene to make peace and said openly that he was an enemie to the kingdome who was against it The Homicide being interrogated of his complices named Coligni the Admirall and Theodore Beza and afterwards excused Beza but perseuered in accusing the other Yet hee wauered so that one could not tell what to beleeue The Cardinall aduertised hereof prouided a greater guard then formerly hee had and being exceedingly grieued for the death of his brother who was so deare vnto him first of all hee wrote a consolatorie Letter to Antoniette de The Card. of Loraine writeth to his mother Borbon their common mother full of exquisite conceits to bee compared or rather as his friends said to bee preferred to those of Seneca in the end whereof hee said hee was resolued to goe to his Church of Reims and to spend the residue of his life in preaching the word of GOD instructing the people bringing vp his brothers children in Christian pietie and neuer to cease performing of these offices but when the Kingdome for some publike affaires had need of his paines The Letter was no sooner parted from Trent but the Citie was full of copies of it rather importunely offered by his friends then requested so hard it is for the affection of selfe loue to bee quiet though in the occasion of greatest sorrow After this the Cardinall thinking of the change of things by this variation altered all his desseignes And this caused a change also in the affaires of the Councell For hee being the man which the Emperour and Queene of France had vntill then wholly employed they were forced for want of so fit a minister to bee more remisse in their purposes and to proceed more slowly But it happeneth in humane affaires as it doeth in fortunes at Sea where the windes being ceased the waues doe tumultuate for some houres after So the great weight of the affaires of the Councell could not easily be appeased in regard of their former impetuous motion But it is certaine that the death of that Duke The death of the Duke caused a great alteration in the Councell was a great beginning of the quiet which succeeded some moneths after especially after the death of the other brother great Prior of France and the peace made with the Hugonots and the instances of the Queene to the Cardinall to make his peace with the Pope and returne into France of which things wee will speake in due place Hereby the Cardinall saw that the affaires as they stood would not bee profitable neither for himselfe nor his friends The death of Guise was lamented both in Trent and Rome because euery one thought hee was the onely maintainer of the Catholique partie in the kingdome of France neither did it appeare what other person could succeed in supporting that weight the rather because euery one was daunted by the example of his death The French Prelats in the Councell were troubled in minde because they vnderstood that an accord was treated with the Hugonots who pretended amongst other things that the third part of the Ecclesiasticall reuenues should bee employed for maintenance of the reformed Ministers In this varietie of businesses and perplexitie of mindes Fiue-Churches returned to Trent and with the other Ambassadours of the Emperour had audience with the Legats and presented to them the Emperours letter which The Emperours letters to the Legats and the Pope hee brought and the copy of another written by his Maiestie to the Pope They all made request for the reformation but in generall termes onely and very remissely The Emperours letter to the Legats did signifie his desire to see some fruitfull proceeding of the Councell for which it was necessary to remooue some impediments whereof hauing written to the Pope he prayed them to labour in Councell and to vse perswasions to his Holinesse that the future progresse might be for the seruice of GOD and benefite of Christendome In his letter to the Pope hee said that hauing dispatched great businesses with the Electors and other Princes and States of Germanie nothing was more precious vnto him being Aduocate of the Church then to promote the affaires of the Councell that hee was come to Ispruc for that cause where to his griefe he vnderstood that matters did not proceed as he hoped and as the publike tranquillitie did require that hee feared if better order wer not taken the Councell would end with scandall of
those manuall functions that they might ascend to Priest-hood And it seemed some contradiction to haue determined absolutely that those ministeries should not bee exercised but by persons ordained and afterward commanded the Prelats to restore them as much as conueniently they could For obseruing the absolute Decree it is very necessary that where persons ordained cannot be had for exercise of those functions they must not be exercised at all and if they may bee exercised without Orders in places where persons ordayned cannot bee found the absolute definition might haue better been omitted In the Decree of the ordination of Priests it was thought very conuenient to prescribe that condition that they should he able to teach the people but this did not seeme very coherent with that other doctrine and vse that cure of soules is not essentiall to Priesthood so that to bee able to teach the people is not necessary to those Priests who meane neuer to take that cure vpon them And to make to a necessary condition in the minor orders to vnderstand the Latine tongue was to shew that this was not a Generall Councell of all Christian Nations in regard this Decree could not be vniuersall and binde the Nations of Africa Asia and of a great part of Europe where the Latine tongue neuer had place The sixth Anathematisme was much noted in Germany in which an Article of faith was made of Hierarchie which word and signification thereof is aliene not to say contrary to the holy Scriptures and though it was somewhat anciently inuented yet the authour is not knowne and in case he were yet he is an Hyperbolicall writer not imitated in the vse of that word nor of others of his inuention by any of the ancients and following the stile of CHRIST our LORD and of the holy Apostles and Primitiue Church it ought to be named not Hierarchie but Hierodiaconia or Hierodoulia And Peter Paul Vergerius in Valtelina did make this and other obiections against the Vergerius maketh obiections against the Councel doctrine of the Councell the subiect of his Sermons relating the contentions betweene the Bishops and detracting as much as hee could not onely by words but by letters also to the other Protestant and Euangelicall Ministers which they read in their Churches to the people And howsoeuer the Bishop of Como by order from the Pope and the Cardinall Morone vsed all meanes and in a very extraordinary manner also to cause him to depart out of that Countrey yet they were not able to effect it Concerning the Decree of Residence of which euery one discoursed and expected some good resolution because there was so much spoken and writen of it tha nothing seemed to bee more in voice then that 〈◊〉 marueiled that in the ende that was pronounced for a decision of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which was plaine to euery one that is that not to reside was 〈◊〉 except there were a lawfull cause as if it were not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all by the law of 〈◊〉 ture that whosoeuer doeth absent himselfe from his charge of what 〈◊〉 soeuer it be without a lawfull cause doeth s 〈…〉 The successe of this Session to 〈…〉 away the indelligence◠held vntill then◠The Spanish Prelats complaine of the Cardinall of Loraine betweene Loraine and the Spaniards For these complained that they w 〈…〉 abandoned in the matter of the Institution of Bishops and of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which hee had very often told them that hee was of their opinion and promised to labour effectually to cause that doctrine to bee decreed without making any condition They added that there was no hope he would bee constant in any other promise and that the Pope by making him beleeue hee should bee Legate of France had wonne him And other things they said which were little for his honour On the other side hee iustified himselfe saying that the offer was made vnto him to make his friends mistrust him and that his answere was that hee would not hearken vnto it before areformation were made in Councell Notwithstanding it was not beleeued that hee would perseuere in the same opinion no not so much as in this matter The Legates desirous to finish the Councell did so soone as the Session was done vse meanes to facilitate the residue which for matter of faith was Indulgences inuocation of Saints and Purgatorie And to this end they elected tenne Diuines two Generals of Friars and two for euery Prince that is for the Pope France of which there were but a few remaining Spaine and Portugall charging them to consider how the Protestants opinion in this matter might briefly bee confuted And themselues beeing resolued meant to propose their owne opinions in generall Congregation by which the Canons might be composed at the same time when Matrimonie should be handled that they might quickly dispatch those matters without hearing the disputes of the Diuines as formerly they had done In matter of reformation they treated with the Cardinall of Loraine the Emperours and Spanish Ambassadours to bee content that the reformation The reformation of Princes of Princes might bee proposed also who saying it was fit that abuses should be remooued wheresoeuer they were the Articles were collected and hope conceiued that all that remained might bee decided in one Session onely But the Spanish Ambassadour for many respects of his King did not like that haste and therefore did crosse it with many difficulties First hee proposed that it was necessary before the Councell ended to vse meanes to bring the Protestants thither alleadging that it would be labour in vaine if the Decrees were not accepted by them and that there was no hope they would accept them if they were not present in Councell The Legats answered that the Pope had done for his part whatsoeuer was fit wrote letters and sent expresse Nuncij to them all so that nothing could bee done to make their contumacie more manifest The Count answered that hee did not desire it should be done in the name of his Holinesse because that would not onely not cause them to come but make them more auerse but in the name of the Councell with conuenient promises and intercession of the Emperour Whereunto the Legats replying that they would consider on it they gaue an account thereof to the Pope that he might use meanes in Spaine to diuert such discourses and to perswade the ending of the Councell The Count desired also that the Diuines might speake publikely according to the vse concerning the particulars of Indulgences and of the other matters perswading the Prelats that the order might not be changed nor the reputation of the Councell diminished by omitting the examination of those things which had more neede of it then any other The Pope was much troubled with these aduises and the rather because Don Lewis d' Auila and Vargas the Ambassador resident with him had giuen their words that the King would be content that the Councell should end And calling
731 732 The Decree is read for sauing the Popes authoritie which was neuer mentioned before 812 The Popes authoritie whether it be necessary to confirme the Decrees of the Councell 812 Pope onely must interprete the Decrees of the Councell of Trent 818 Portugal Ambassadour is receiued in Congregation 476 Preaching claymed by the Regulars as belonging to them wich is denied by the Prelats 161 167 Precedence is claimed by Don Diego the Spanish Ambassadour before the Cardinall of Trent 114 117 By the Duke of Florence before the Duke of Ferrara 443 Princes of the blood in France haue precedence of the Cardinals 449 The Prelates in Trent differ about precedence 467 and so doe the Ambassadours of Portugal and Hungarie 480 Likewise the Bauarian and Venetian Ambassadors differ about precedence 501 and so doe the French and Spanish Ambassadors in Trent 663 In Rome 713 and againe in Trent 727 728 729 Predestination is discussed 210 211 c. Presidents sent by the Pope did neuer gouerne Councels before that of Constance 137 They gaue auricular voyces in Trent 616 Presidents named for the second reduction of the Councel in Trent 310 For the third reduction 444 445 The Presidents onely doe giue audience to the Ambassadours 553. Two new Presidents 681 Presidents of Councels what authority they haue 707 Priesthood and the decree concerning it 738 The Anathematisme belonging to it 739 Prince of Conde is imprisoned 436 Prince of Orange marrieth a daughter of the Duke of Saxonie 456 Proctors sent by the Vice-roy of Naples to giue voyce in Councel for all the Cleargie of that kingdome 118 The Pope decreeth that none shall giue voyce by Proctor 118 The Proctors of the Arch-bishop of Mentz are about to leaue the Councel 122 Prohibition of Bookes is discoursed on by the author 472 Protestants make a conditionall submission to the Councell 274 A consultation how they are to be receiued in Councel 367 Protestant Diuines of Wittenberge and Strasburg come to Trent 374 Fifty thousand Protestants were executed in the Low-Countreys within a short space 413 The Protestants assemble in Noremburg and the Pope sendeth Nuncii vnto them 439 Protestations of Doctors that they refer themselues to the Church are but words of complement and of good manners 249 Protestation of the Emperour against the Councell of Bolonia 279 280 Another Protestation in Rome before the Pope 281 Which the Pope saith the ambassadour did make without commission from his master 282 The ambassadour protesteth againe 284 The French K. protesteth against the Councell in Trent 319 The intended protestation of the French ambassadour about precedence 730 731 Prouerbe in Trent very blasphemous about the bringing of the holy Ghost from Rome 497 Another prouerbe in Councell Wee are fallen from the Spanish Scab to the French poxe 640 A kinde of prouerbe made in France concerning the authoritie of the Councell 822 Purgatorie is spoken of 799 Q. QVeene Mary gouernesse of the low Countreys fauoureth the Protestants 89 Queene mother of France refuseth a Spanish armie to assist her against the Hugonots 648 Writeth to the Pope and Cardinall of Loraine 712 Is complained of by the Pathers for being ruled by the Chastillons and other Hugonots in France 776 Queene of Scotland writeth to the Councell of Trent 703 Queene of England should haue beene proceeded against in Councell but the Emperour would not fuffer it 727 Queene of Nauarre is cited to Rome for Lutheranisme 780 And is defended by the French King 794 795 R. REformation made by Cardinall Campeggio in the Diet of Noremberg 32 33 c. A reformation made in Rome vnder Paul the third was suppressed 79 A reformation of the Court of Rome is set on foot and much discussed 83 84 The Emperour would haue Reformation handled before Doctrine 202 It is wholly recalled by the Pope to be handled in Rome but the Prelates will not yeeld 254 255 A reformation of the Clergie published by the Emperour 292 A reformation made in Councell is complained of by the Priests 343 Another is made in Rome of small matters onely 505 Twentie points of reformation are proposed by the Emperours Ambassadours 513 Nine points of reformation 532 538 The chiefe points of reformation are omitted 568 Reformation is mainely promoted in Councell by the Imperialists and Spaniards 588 The free speeches in Councell concerning reformation doe trouble the Legats 595 600 The reformation of Princes how it began 617 Articles of reformation proposed in Councell by the French-men 650 652 The Pope thinketh that a reformation will not reduce the heretickes 700 A reformation of Cardinals is mainely promoted but vanisheth quickely 726 A reformation proposed by the Imperialists 751 752 The reformation of Princes is deferred 760 An hundred Prelates doe combine to promote it 766 It is declared at large 769 770 The Emperour distasteth it and the French ambassadour de Ferrieres maketh an oration against it 771 772 The Decree of the generall reformation 808 809 c. The reformation of Princes 811 812 c. Regulars are complained of by the Prelats and defend themselues 169 They begin to mutine about their exemptions 761 Their reformation 806 Religion is changed in England 295 384 421 Religion is changed in Denmarke 84 Religion is changed in the Palatinate 148 398 Religion is changed in Scotland 426 451 Reputation is the chiefest ground of the Papall greatnesse 29 Residence is treated of 191 216 217 c. Whether it be de iure diuino 218 219 The Cardinall of Monte will not suffer that question to be decided 232 The question is set on foot againe 486 487 c. It causeth great feare in Rome 502 Is disputed on againe 505 510 The disputation of it is diuerted by the Legates 550 Residence is decreed 723 736 The reformation of it is decreed 739 Richard of Vercelli dieth with griefe because he was in disgrace with the Legats for speaking freely in Councell 566 569 Rites of the Roman Church are diuers 548 Rome is taken by the Colonnesi 41 And by the Dutch-men and Duke of Borbon 43 Rota in Rome which is the greatest Court of iustice there reiecteth a cause of the Bishop of Segouia assisting in Councel for suspicion of heresie because he did not second the Popes designes 678 S. SAcraments in generall are handled 234 235 c. How they doe containe and cause grace 237 A decree of reformation is made concerning them 245 and Anathematismes 248 Safe-conduct is required by the Protestants to goe to the Councell 316 The Contents of it 341 It is disliked by the Protestants 343 344 The Councell refuseth to alter it 369 Santa-Croce the Legate is threatned by the Emperour to bee cast into the riuer Adice 202 Schisme in the Councell some remaining in Trent and others being gone to Bolonia 269 274 Scotland shaketh off obedience to the Pope 426 451 Session the first held in Trent Deocin 13. an 1545. 130 The second Ian. 7. 1546. 139 The third Feb. 4. 1546.