lanterne of all the army soe that they may imitate him for moste comonlie averteouse prudente and valiante generall will chuse valiante verteouse and prudente Captaines and Officeres prudente and valerouse Captaines oughte to estime verteouse valiante and skilfull souldieres The accidentes of warr are so many that it altherethe the houmore of some professores of this arte excepte they by indued with singular vertue and constancie which are founde but in verie feowe Very many dificulties doe offer in the daylie ocurrantes of warr but greate abilitie is requiered to see them prudently ordered and hardely can any master be had of suche perfection but that some times he muste err To relate in particular of the partes required in a generall it were tediouse Wherfore i will name the foure princlpal partes the Greekes and Romaines desired to occurr in such personages firste to be skillfull in the arte of warr to be valiante and of brave and prudente resolution to sheowe him selfe with greate gravitie and auctoritie and to be fortunate in his sucesses If he be acompanied with the partes and proprietie before declared it is inough Nevertheless he hase inoughe to learne For the better securitie and success of his army it is necessarie that his person be still well garded in all plases where he marches with his army And trough his valeoure and mangnanimitie findinge that he is inclined to presente him selfe the firste in all dangeres his consell of warris not to permitt him for many respectes for bienge kilth or taken prisoner it were no smale matter That besides it is an ocasion to animate the enemie and to disanimate oures wherof greate consideration oughte to be taken The Greekes and Romaines for the defence and repose of theire republike have chosen theire Captaine generalles of souldieres of greate and longe experience in martiall actiones wherby they mighte prudentlie governe and comaunde with full auctoritie and due respecte And therfore they alwaies did chuse thies personadges of men of longe practice greate experience in warr and of reepe yeares and judgement It is true that Alexander Magnus beinge but of yonge yeares begon to governe and comaunde an Army and conquered all Asia and did put the worlde in amace Somtimes it is moste conveniente that Kinges and Princes in person be presente withe theire armies for many respectes thouge theire experience be not greate but when suche ocasiones do presente they carie with them the moste anciente and experimented Captaines they finde as did Alexander of those Captaines whiche Kinge Philip his father had for his Counseleres and conductores of warr And as did Kinge Philipe of Spaine when he elected don Juan de Austria for his Captaine generall he a pointed for his Lieutenante don Luis de Suniga the gran comendador of castilla And to the contrarie who infortunate hapened to don Sebastian Kinge of Portugall not to imitate thies renoomed examples of perperpetuall memorie in his infortunate and disastred journey made into barbarie he beinge yonge and vnexperimented in warr whiche was cause of his and his armies perdicion so that yonge Princes in warres oughte to have for theire Counseleres grave and experimented Captaines none can denay but this Kinge was of a high conceite and of amoste brave and valerouse determinasion but by reson of his yonge yeares and lesse experience in warr he wanted prudence for the due conduction of such an honarble action In the honorable journey made by the famouse and renoomed conquerour Kinge Edward the thirde into France sendinge his eyldest son the Prince of wales for generall Naminge for his Counselers and Captaines the valiante prudente and renoomed Earles of oxforde warwick suffolk and salisbury where at the battell of Poytieres they made knowen theire vndeniable prudence and greate valour that at lenghte they overthrewe the whole power of france and theire Kinge Iohn and his son Philipe were taken prisoneres with very many of the frence nobilitie to the Inglish is perpetuall glorie and fame Aniball that renoomed Captaine of perpetuall memorie was but very yonge when he began to governe an army but he had for his Counseleres anciente and prudente Captaines and was ruled and governed by them till he came to understandinge givinge many famouse battelles and overthrowes to the Romaines till at the ende he was overcome with Cipio Africano that renomed Captaine of the remaines The Captaine generall oughte to informe him selfe well of the forces qualitie and condiciones of his enemy if bisonos or rawe men or oulde and experimented souldiers alsoe to be well informed of the cituation strenghte and forme of theire citties townes fortes and stronge houldes and of the convenienteste plases to passe over thire riveres Alsoe to informe him selfe of the situation of their campes so that he mighte be the better prevented when ocasion shall offer alsoe to be well informed of persones of goode judgemente and truste of all the dificulties that maie hinder him so that in due time he may prevente all necessarie prevenciones and specially see that he trusteth the relatinge of thies and many more ocasiones to persones of greate fidelitie and truste and of goode understandinge When the Captaine generall shall inter to conqueste aforaigne country he is to indevoure with speede to put him selfe in pocession of the principaleste pasadges of riveres casteles and stronge plases and with speede see them well provided with all necessaries that thereby he may put the country under subiection and that his amunitiones and all other necessaries may be transported with the more securitie from one place to another and withe speede to see all places fortified in as muche as can posible where any parte of his army beinge constrained trough extreame necessitie may safelie repaire unto For it faleth oute often times that the ocurrantes of warlike affaires are subjecte to many disgrases and may be when we leshe feare Wherfore aprudente comaunder oughte in due time to prevente suche dificulties which is the kea and securitie of his army and specially to see thies plases well provided with all sorte of amunitions and to see that they be recomended to the care and chardge of carefull vigilante prudente and valerouse Captaines When resolution is taken to scale any towne forte or stronge place firste information oughte to be taken by skillfull and trustie persones of al dificulties which mighte be suspected or feared as alsoe of the juste heighte of the walles that ladderes may be made for that purpose and not to be overlonge for bienge dangerouse for cause that the enemy may easilie turne them up side downe Thies ladderes are not to be so shorte but that they may reache to the place of theire execution for thies executiones moste comonlie are firste imploied pikemen of chosen and valerouse souldieres to make way till the shott followe to socoure them duringe whiche time they are to mantaine the place with greate valeoure till all the shott do ioyne and then with speed goe
eares he is alsoe offended vvith them To preveÌ„te the one and the other the Alferis oughte to visite them and to by a mediator to pascify all and specially to satisfie and contente the Souldieres so that they may have no ocation to run a vvay For if every Officer fall uppon them and none take they re parte they muste of force by grived and perhapes run a way Wherfore it is necessary and untill that the Alferis be carefull as a mediator to a peace thies contraversies It is verie necessarie he be a CoÌ„panied still with goode comarades men chosen of goode behavioure valerouse and of brave and resolute determinationes for none is more bounde to have suche comarades then he for in offeringe of ocationes of inconuteres a saultes or battell with the enemy they are to assiste and keepe him with a more willenge minde in the assaulte or winninge of a any towne or forte of emportance he is not to putt his colours in any place till the furie of the enemy be wholie vanquised orderlie and prudentlie a comodated and prevented and when all the furie is paste and dulie prevented he shall putt in his coloures into his lodginge and display the same in the windowe nexte unto the streete that the Captaine Officereres and Souldieres may note and marcke where the coloures are to repaire unto with speede when o catioÌ„ offereth And alwayes let him be verie carefull to ordaine a good garde for the same and that he him selfe shall looke well thereunto Let him take a special care that covetousenes nor disordered a petites doe ouerkome or master him When all is setled and pasified quarteres shal be devided and a pointed for each Regimente whiche shall be sente in due time be the Sardgent mayor or his a judante In o cation of framinge of squadrones incounteres or assaultes with the enemy he is to cary his coloures displayed and passinge be the Captaine generall he is to advance it bowinge the pointe some whate downe wardes but if he pass by the Kinge or Prince he is to bowe almoste to the grounde one of his knees a difference from the generall and in passinge by the blessed Sacramente he is to kneele on be the his knees and with the coloures to the grounde sheowinge greate reverence unto the same and all his Company in like manner and they re armes laied on the grounde till the blessed Sacramente pass vvithoute stirenge till they see they re Alferis rise upp and that when the Sacramente is vvholie paste duringe whiche time they are to keepe silence THE FIFTH CHAP. Treatinge of the election and office of a Captaine of a Companie of Infanterie THE electione of Captaines of Infanterie in Spainie is made be the Counsell of State and warr vvhen they re is any leavie or raisinge of men and vvhen theese places are voide eyther in campe or garison other Captaines are elected in they re place be the Captaine generalles or Visroyes in they re govermentes The electiones made by suche personadges shoulde by all lickhood seeme to be goode and sure notwithstanding it faulethe oute offten times that boath Generales and Viseroyes and alsoe counseleres have missed in the consideration therof bestowenge those honorable chardges uppon theyr owne followeres frendes or uppon greate courtieres and favorites vvherby often times many scandeles and domadges do resulte to the prince and to the action For by the meanes of thies inconciderate electiones many valiante brave and skilfull Souldieres do remaine withoute chardge litle concideringe uppon those of longe seruice prudente and brave cariadge yea and who have shed they re bloode with greate valeor sheowinge them selves in many brave incounteres a gainste the enemy O cruell unhappie and sinister electiones of smale expectaciones when the verteouse prudente and valerouse Souldier is not thoughte uppon trough vvhose meanes many scandeles doe a rise and many brave o cationes are loste vvithe greate dishonor and discomoditie to the prince And the prudente and brave Souldier remaineth almoste oute of all hope and almoste os no desire to atemppte a ny hanorable enterprice seeinge that they are neyther honored nor rewarded and seeinge that Bisones and men of litle skill are prefered before them To prevente many sinister electiones vvhich often times happenethe and are more necessarie to be remedied I woulde wish that in all electiones of those vvho shoulde pretende to be prefered by meanes of favor or afection as many are it vvere necessarie they shoulde be comanded to serve as oftentimes i have seene be prudente and brave Comaunderes yea and they re sones and neereste frendes for example to otheres and for the ob servation of true discipline To prevente thies sinister electiones vvherof resulteth greate shame and loshe both to the prince and contrie The Kinge of Sprine â—acketh a goode cource vvhen o cation is presented to rayse a ny neowe levies he sendes to his Viseroyes and Generalles of severall States and Provinces that they shoulde choyse and sende relation of the ancienteste Alferises and beste a proved Souldieres in the vvarres both in vertue valeor and suficiencie that suche persones be elected for Captaines and that alsoe a relation shoulde by sente of the ancieÌ„teste reformed Sardgentes to be elected for Alferises and of Corporalles Sardgentes and of brave Souidieres Corporalles The Visroyes and Generalles of righte shoulde looke vvell to see thies orderes yustly a complished concideringe the emportance therof to his Majesties service soe shall the brave Souldier of longe service prudente and resolute determinationes be prefered and advaunsed and otheres imitate they re a prooved vertue and goode a plicationes that there by eache one may with diligence care practiâ—e and learne this noble arte of vvarr seeinge that eache one is prefered by theyr vertue desertes and goode partes but o ther vvise vvhen thies electiones are made by favor and affection to bisones of litle sufficiencie causeth greate dispeâ—ationes and unwillinge myndes to attempte honorable enterprises and brave incounteres seeinge be experience that they are neyther honored nor prefered for the same Whiche causeth Military discipline dayly to fall into greate decay wherof resulteth many disgraces and the losh of many brave ocationes ruine of the comon wealth and of the happie success of Military discipline He which of righte shoulde be chosen for this office shoulde by a goode Cristian prudente and of vertuse cariadge to live with greate temperance and measure in his affaires and to by perfecte in Military discipline that therby he may with the greater auctoritie comaunde and be the more respected and feared Hardelie can a ny coddy reduce unto perfectioÌ„ this honorable chardge exepte he be learned and perfecte in thesame It emporteth much for the prudente govermente brave conduction and executions of his Majesties service as alsoe for ministringe justice and redressinge many disorderes that he knowe and take a speciall care in the electinge of his
time re-resolved to put all to the sowrde If in batteries assaultes or in counteres be shall happen to overcome his enemy Let him be of a generouse determination and set all his care in executinge the victorie and in no vvife to attende the spoyle nor leaue his order as doe many nowe adayes like 〈◊〉 and base factioneres to the greate dishonor of the action and losh of â—â—lyâ—â—lives and of litle regarde of they re owne honor and reputation He is to serve and fighte in his prince his cause and deâ—gnes with afection and constancie and he is not to 〈◊〉 vvhether the â—poâ—e by juste or unjuste soe that it by not againste Godes true Religion But in such o cation he is to looke vvell to his conscience and to be vvel advised for Godes cause is to be loocked unto aboue all thinges In all ocationes that shall happen or falle oute in the courses of vvarr and specially in travailes and adversities he is periâ—hâ—ly to indure and suffer them That therby his vertue may 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 knowen the uncorrupted affection he beareth to his prince in acomplishinge his obligationes vvith a generouse minde and 〈◊〉 constancie not murmuringe of his sloe paymente 〈◊〉 â—e compelled to stande in greate nede therof And specially let him be moste carefull not to yealde or by any meanes give eare to Mutenies or Rebelliones whiche sometimes resulte of suche cases and vvhose ende moste comonly is Sheamefull death vvher of there have beene toe many examples He whiche intereth in to this noble profession of vvarr oughte sence the day of his asentasion to serve his prince with greate loue and loyaltie and obey his Officeres and willinglie fighte for a juste cause for suche vertues seeme to be a similitude of a generouse minde and true religion As Platon saieth that loue and obedience are signes of a high and generouse minde and he that wanted the vertue of obedience is un wourdie of this name for cause that trough disobedience resulteth the greatheste disgrace than can happen to an Army Let him be careful bin not murmuringe nor speaking ill of any Officer of his nor of any that serveth his prince for it seemeth a bad custome resultinge of litle prudence and respecte to speake ill of him whome he is bounde to defende and by whome he is to by governed and comounded but rather honor and respecte him though his vertue and goode partes are not agreeable to his obligationes neverthelesh for beinge a minister to his prince he is thereunto bounde Let him by no meanes trough his comarades wife nor for any thinge that shoulde give him lawfull occation of discontentemente because that of suche like inconueniences and disordered apetites resulteth many quareles and scandeles amonghste Souldieres and oftener kill one another trough the same then for any other o cation Neyther is he to receive the boy of another withoute licence so that thereby he may the better acomplish his Masteres service In all ocationes of marchinge skirmish incounteres or assaultes with the enemy by force of armes all Officieres are to by obeyed and respected for it belongeth to them or any of them to see all thinges well ordered and specially where they re devitiones fall Not onelie those of his Company or Regimente but whosoever of the army beinge so comodiouse for the Kinges service In such semblable occationes let him not stande uppon termes not disputes as some doe in sayinge do not knowe youe for my Officer Let him not by ingnorante therin because that the Officer may lawfully punish him for if otherwise it falleth oute and that the Officer doth complaine of him to the higher Superiores he shall by reprehended for his ingnorance for because that at all times and occationes his owne Officieres can not be presente wherfore he is to obey all Officeres Let him exercise him selfe in all sorte of Weapones and of them let him choose the armes whereunto he is moste a fected and findeth more fit for his purpose the pike and coselett a mongste foote men is of moste estimation for beinge the moste firmeste to defende and mantaine a place beinge vvell ordered and sett and specially againste the furie of horse Of manual firie weapons the Musket is of greateste execution nexte to the same the caliver both which are to in viron and line the Pikes in they re due devitiones a cordinge as time place and occation shall require Let him practice him selfe in eache sorte of Weapon to imitate as neere as posible the Ianisaros Turcos who were moste experte in armes trough they re continuall exercice And let him frequente the sworde and target and specially i woulde vvish oure Irish to frequente the same for beinge more inclined to this sorte of weapoÌ„ more then a ny other Nation and besides that of all Nationes none are more fitt for the same nor more resolute This vveapon is of greate importance in many occationes and specially when men close togither or to vive or recnoledge a ny narowe or straighte pasadge or place as trenches fortes batteries assaultes encamisada and for other purposes in warr and specially a boute the cullores or to defende or offende in a ny narow place Let him alwayes a plie him selfe vvith affection to vvarlike exercices because that vertue exeleth fortune and it avayleth him much to reade histories and to be experte in Aritmeticke for it doth both revive and perfectionate manes vvitt There be shall he understande the cariadge prudence and valor of braue men and base inclination of bad persones the alteration or decayinge of Kingdomes and comon vvealthes the braue and prudente conduction and stratagemes of battelles both vvon and loste the vertue and valcor of the renoomed the shame and infamie of the vile the maner and use of ancient and moderne vvarres vvith the stratagemes used both for the one and the other If he happen to be at the siedge or takinge of any stronge place or fortress he is diligentlie to vive the scituation the orderes and industrie used for the defence therof and the stratagemes used for the vvininge of the same consideringe thiese aforesaide and many more used in vvarres and that vvhich toucheth everie Officer in particular even from a Corporal to a Captaine generall to the ende he may be perfecte in the arte he profeseth that by his vertue he may be advaunced into greater dingnitie sith that this arte he profesheth is the moother and true fundation of nobilitie Therfore reason it is that it be perfectly understoode of the Professores and followeres therof seinge that the practice of mecanicall artes do folowe the same order and course to come to the cunninge of they re crafte And that besides that no man can reduce into perfection those thinges wherof he is ingnorante and knoweth not the arte vvithoute much practice and specially in this soe noble and couriouse arte who for the executiones therof vvith prudence and auctoritie is required both
wayes for they re devitiones but allwayes let him put eache sorte of weapoÌ„ by it self Touchinge they re devitiones and who they shall be ordered shall by at lardge declared in the office of the Sardgent Mayor Let him be alwayes carefull in the devition of his pickes in puttinge or plasinge in the vangarde retegarde and two flankes theyr beste armed corseletes and the ensigne or culores in the center But in offeringe of occation of framinge of a squadron he shall observe the order given be the Sardgent Mayor Sheowinge him selfe with greaâ— diligence and care in a complishinge whate is refered to his chardge in soe doenge he merite the honor and reputation and doinge the contrarie dishonor and shame wherof resulteth disorderes and loosinge of muche time and cause of greate discontentemente for not acomplishinge and observinge the orderes given When ocacation offereth he is to fighte as vvel as the reste choysinge a convenient place that he may returne to his office for it is verie necessarie that he accomplish the obligation of a prudente carefull and vigilant Souldier He shall goe galantlie withe a faire millan hedpeece and an extraordinarie good collet and a halbart or geneton But be reason of his overmuch travell and paines his armes by no meanes oughte to by heavie for if they be soe hardlye can he well execute his office With care and diligence he shall execute in due time the orderes given by his Superiores not missinge any pointe therin and if at one time two or three severall Officeres give him order let him followe the order given be the higher Officer if it be not recauled or that he seethe the occation to be of importance to his Majesties service He is to have alwayes aboute him a liste of all the Souldieres of his Company squadron by squadron alsoe he is to be carefull to knowe where every one lodgeth and whate comarades are togither in eache lodginge and that for many respectes He shall and oughte diligentlie to reprehende and procure to drive oute of the Company all factioneres if they doe not a mindd as theeves dronkardes quarleres and revolteres for they are moste discomodiouse for his Majesties service besides they doe noe goode butt are rather dangerouse For they are meanes to learne others theyr office and moste odious kinde of life and drawe them to imitate there base factes He is to be verie carefull in all ocationes of marchinge and imbattellinge to instructe his Souldieres to punctually keepe they re ranckes observe distance and file to handell well and serve with they re armes and to be verie varie to instructe suche as are ingnorante Whiche for the moste parte resulteth of the litle sufficiencie and care of some Sardgentes chosen be favor or affection For wee see that some Souldieres of longe time have served and knovved not who to handell they re armes nor serve with the same in time of neede which resulte of the litle regarde suche persones have of they re honor and litle hope to by advaunced troughe they re goode partes But in thies occationes and in many more the Sardgente beinge one that knowethe who to complie well with his dutie and office can redress thies greate faultes Butt oherwise he beinge unable yove shall finde under his chardge some Souldieres that in cominge before ther enemy when occation offer they neyther knowe howe to handell they re armes nor serve with the same as before spoken To prevente thies and many more faultes the Captaine beinge vigilante and prudente ought to by in formed of everie thinge in particular of his inferior Officeres and he beinge carefull he can prevente eache particular and see them redreste in due time Soe shall he be the more respected and beloved be the honorable Souldieres of his Companie and shall with the more resolutioÌ„ fall on his enemy when occation is offered and alsoe shall manifeste his care and affection in his Majesties service If he shall of his owne motive a prehende any Souldier and acquaintinge his Captanie there with or any other Superior Let him in no case put him at libertie but afterwardes it apertaineth to him to procure his libertie by faire meanes Let him by no meanes displace any Souldier from his lodginge to put an o ther in his place for it lieth not in his power withoute licence of his Captaine for he hath no auctoritie to drive one oute and to accommodate an other in his place besides it is an ocation of greate discontentemente excepte he put him oute for disorderes comited betwexte him and his hoste or comarades for that lodginge is given him by the Prince and if he be driven oute for an unjuste cause and makinge his complainte to the Master de campe or Colonell he shall give him licence to chaÌ„ge his place into an o ther Company for the wronge don unto him and his Captaine may by justely reprehended for not ministringe justice He shall permit noe Souldier to put of his armes enteringe into the watch till the Alferis firste be disarmed In garison the wourde is not to be given till the gates be shutt nor in campana til the houre apointed be the Sardgent mayor to sett the sinteries and that to be verie late Till this houre all oughte to be in armes In givinge the wourde in all places of importance It is moste required that itt be given with greate silence for many respectes In receivinge the wourde from his superior Officereâ— let him be carefull not to forget the same besides that it is discomâ—diouse for his Majesties service and it shall by toughte that suche a â—aulte shall resulte of the litle care in him Interinge into a cittie towne or place where he shall inter with his Company he oughte to visite and knowe where the â—inteâ—ies shall be placed and the course of the roundes as shall be a pointed and or dayned be the Sardgent mayor alsoe he shall with greate punctualitie and care procure to a complish and execute in due time all the orderes given be the Sardgent mayor that therby he may by the more honored and affected besides that it is his obligation Let him beware not to be cruell nor inviouse to his Souldieres which is a token of a bad inclination and nature and of Officeres of litle vertue If by chance he shoulde by angrie with any Souldier of his in turninge his backe he is to forget that furie and afterwardes sheowe him selfe amiable and lovinge and soe they cominge to the knoledge of his homoures they shall have the more eare not to anger him and if other wise he sheowe him selfe rigorouse and inclined to be revenged tbey will run away and he shall fall into disgrace and shall be hated by his Captaine Let him be no meanes presume to slashe or cutt Souldieres with his swourde exepte uppon juste occationes in his Majesties service and specially in disputes of plea or any other particular quarell of his owne In suche
brocken let him in no câ—se follovve them any greate distance for they may prevente him vvith a secrett ambuscado and findinge them pass the ambuscado fall on them on bothe sides before and behinde and defeate him Often times it happened that ravve Souldieres and men of litle consideration doe give a larme vvithoute any occasione wherfore they are to by advertised not to give any such till they by informed and vvell assured that it is the enemy for such as otherwise doe they are estimed of litle consideration and of a vveake spiritt findinge them selves presentlie a mased trustinge to they re inconsiderate imaginatioÌ„ of noe firme grounde nor reason figuringe in they re imagination to have seene this and that and of no purpose nor firmenes Advertisinge that if an alarme be given where occasion doth presente it is not to pass all the campe in soundinge dromes and trumpetes but rather verie secretly and withoute any rumor nor voice and vvith greate silence joyne and speedilie put them selves in order Which orderes the Master de campe Generall or the person that comaundeth shall comaunde to be observed all over Soe that all thinges by preventeth with better order and with amore setled minde and if otherwise the a larme be given every vvhere it is harde to knowe in due time vvhere the occasion is The centerie oughte to by verie firme and seeinge one come let him not stirr but rather prepare him selfe till he be well informed and knowinge that it is an enemy then in a prochinge neere and assured to shoote at him and to be assured in as muche as may possible not to miss And beinge a pikeman he is to let him com under the puiesh of the pike and then give the a larme sheowinge him selfe with a valerouse determination and kill the enemy or take him and to learne the designe of the enemy and to whate purpose he was emploied and then to retire to the nexte adjoyninge cinterie and from thence to the seconde and soe from hande to hande till he be sente to the firste garde and from thence presentlie to advertice the Sardgent mayor advertisenge that everie cintery shall remaine in his a pointed place and to be verie varie and vigilante fearinge that otheres shoulde followe and inter of a soddaine findinge conveniente opportunitie for they re purpose Another thinge is to be considered that some times it doth happen that a spie favorable to us doth come from the enemyes campe to give us inteligence of whate occurreth which spies are to be received and causinge him to stande or make alto till the Officer of the garde by advertised who is to receive him and presentlie carrie him to the Sardgent mayor who shall advertice his Master de campe and withoute delay conducte him to the Superior to inform and sheow him the cause of his cominge If be chance the enemy shoulde fall on the pikeman standinge in cinterie and seeinge that they are of such force that he can not resiste let him retire to the nexte cintery shot that he may shoote at them and give the alarme and soe by litle and litell retire and the pikeman shall with all speede goe to the firste watche and give inteligence of the occasion that they may be readdie in time And this order oughte the Sardgente mayor to give that all thinges may be don in order and in due time givinge alsoe order to the watches and culoures where they shall ' oyne and whate they shall doe soe that withoute delay they shall be founde to be putt in order to fighte as the situation of the place and occasion shall require In all places on the frontier of the enemy where greate suspicion may be feared of soddaine exploites and embuscados of the enemy In such places and occasiones the Sardgente mayor is to give order in the morninge that noe cintery doe retire till all places of suspicion by visited and then the cinterie perdue shall retire a litle further inwardes And he is to by examined to see if he did a complish the vigilance care and truste referred to the exspectationes of his fidelitie And findinge his reasones and proofes goode in a complishinge his obligationes he is wourdie of thankes and if the contrie be founde and he beinge founde hiden in some sure place of no danger nor service to rewarde him a cordinge his merit with a publicke reprehension for not a complishinge his obligation in a place of suche importance and soe shall he be rewarded and imputed be all brave Souldiores which doe hire of his doinges and pusilanimitie When inteligence is had that the enemy are readdie to fall on you or that any suspicion or a peerance may by of the same eaverie one oughte to be readdie with they re armes in hande with a setled minde and brave determination soe that with the firste alarme they may have no kinde of lett but presentlie followe they re leader withoute beatinge Drom or phife or makinge any kinde of rumor but rather with greate scilence fall in to they re order And concideringe that this is not onelie for the obligationes they owe unto they re kinge or Prince but alsoe for the safegard honor and securitie of they re owne persones For thies and suche ocationes all honorable Souldiores oughte to by well prepared and specially the shot withe they re peeces all in areadines with as muche pouder as they re flaskes can houlde and twentie five bulletes soe that in offereinge ocation he shall not caule for pouder and led as some careles and covardlie fellowes are vvonte to doe not beinge vvell provided before hande litle regardinge the kinges service and they re owne reputasion to prevente thies and suche faultes they re Officeres ought allwayes to see all thinges prevented in due time Soe that they re be no escuse And suche as woulde not a complish the same in preparinge all necessaries befitinge as ordained for that purpose to see them reprehended and in case the souldier hase not wherwith to buy thies and other inescusable wantes the Captaine is to helpe him therunto for beinge conveniente for his Majesties service that the soulderes alwayes be well provided and suche as do not obey thies inescusable wantes to give them publike afronte like covardlie and disobediente fellowes such Souldieres as are of prudeÌ„te cariadge and have a speciall care in acomplishinge with punctualitie they re obigationes and in givinge goode examples to otheres to imitate them unwourdie is the Captaine and Officeres that will not honor futher and assiste theÌ„ For in thies ocationes we see many brave and honorable Souldiores whiche are wonte ordinarily to carri apice of extraordinary goode match in there pocketes withe the two endes of the same in areadines and rubbed in pouder that without delay it may kindel fire and alsoe with a fleaskillo in his pocket with fine and drie pouder for touch pouder whiche if it were wett and afterwardes
they re better securitie with a troupe of lighte horse togither with an Inginier with thies gastadores beinge in quantitie unespected and dificulte matteres are broughte to pass and sometimes riveres are taken from theire moother and conducted to other places as did Ciro Kinge of Percia goinge to beleager Babilonia he divided the river Gange into 360. partes for the revenge of the drowninge of a Gentleman a deere frinde of his soe that this mightie river was lefte of no force Kinge Ciro seinge it so fe oble saied thove haste not respected nor feared my but nowe all thy forces for a revenge are seperated that a wooman with a childe may pass thy over withoute feare or danger So the Generall of an army is allwayes to consider that it is of greate importance to have many gastadores for by they re meanes matteres of greate dificulte are broughte to effecte with facilitie for many handes maketh lighte wourke Greate industrie and many aprooved goode partes are required for the rare executiones of this office of a Master de campe generall of whose prudence and brave conduction greate exspectationes are to by hoped When he aprocheth neere the place where he thinketh to pitch his campe uppon he is to goe forwarde with a suficiente garde of horse to viwe all the circuide and he is to be a companied with one or two Ingineres to ordaine and divide the quarteres And when the army shall inter into the campe or place where they intende to pitch they re quarter ' the Generall of the horse shall remaine in the fielde he and all his troupes mounted till all the Infantery be in camped and then to inter orderlie with his troupes and repaire to they re quarter leavinge his scoutes in the fielde till the Trumpetes sound and the watch by set and the cinteries placed in they re postes at which time and when the watches of foote and horse are set in they re due places they shall retire and not before for the better securitie of the campe and that nothinge may happen withoute preventinge in due time the necessarie remedies or as neere as can by posible THE SECONDE CHAP. The election of the Captaine generall of the Artillerie THe office of the generall of the Artillerie troughe greate considerationes of his aprooved goode partes and suficiencie is chosen and apointed by the Prince consideringe his longe and tried experience in warr his gravitie prudente and brave conduction and valerouse actes This honorable office of so highe dingnitie and truste in choysinge of his Officeres and Gentlemen of the Artillerie it importeth that he by well informed that they by men of many goode partes skillfull and curiouse in many ingines and to by verie carefull and vigilante For this office of manadginge of pouder in sundry maner of wayes is of wounderfull danger excepte it by prudently carefullie and with greate vigilance handled as well simple as artificiall which be severall triales i caused to be tried by severall persones and often times and hardlie coulde i finde any of suche care and vigilance for the manadginge and keepinge of the same as required for beinge the moste dangerouse thinge that is or can by handled in warr An enemy who giveth no time nor respecte his treasones are most terrible speedy and of unmercifull executiones and moste comonlie do fall on such as doe moste truste in it in his exeeutiones there is no appellation nor grace to by expected This Office requireth many Officeres Firste his Leutenante Mayor Domo Contador Pagador his ministeres for the examinationes and executiones of justice Amunitioneres Gentelmen of the Artillerie his Ingineres Masteres of severall sortes of ingines of fire-wourkes Canonieres Masteres of the mine or Minadores Gastadores or Wourkmen with they re Captaines a Furiell Smittes Tembermen A greate store of tentes is required for the saftie of thies variable sortes of amunitiones and pertrechos as pouder of all sortes led match and all sortes of bulletes and in quantitie for greate and smale ordenance it is alsoe necessarie he be a compained with a curiouse Inginer curiouse in all sortes of fire-wourkes necessarie for verie many exeeutiones if one of such aprooved partes can by hit uppon he is also to have Masteres who hase goode skill in makinge and refininge of pouder When ocasion shall offer to plante his greate ordenance to beleager or batter a towne cittie or Castell his Leutenante Ingineres Mine-masteres and Pouder keeperes and Gentelmen of the Artillerie are all to by in a readines to dispose of the Artillerie and amunitiones when occasion shall offer that it muste by planted or sente from one place to a nother and his Leutenante is to gett a relatiō who many cannones shall by apointed in each place and consider suche as are fit for one execution and for a nother but thies resolutiones muste com from the Captaine generall or Master de campe generall which of them doth comaunde in the fielde but the execution belongeth to the Generall of the Artillerie and to such under him to whose chardge they are recomended the Leutenante of the Generall of the Artillerie is to see that they re by horses and wagones inoughe and to be verie vigilante and carefull to visite often times the store houses where the pouder led or math doe lye Of which doble cinteries oughte allwayes to be putt uppon for many goode respectes and specially for feare of spies to use industrie to give the same fire wherfore prudente Generalles of the Artillery are wonte to divide thies munitiones in sundrie and secure places fearinge of a sodaine disgrace Alsoe he is to see that his Canonieres or gunneres doe lye every nighte by they re canonnes that they may in a readines uppon the firste advice and it were necessary that each Canonnier shoulde have a boy to assiste him The Leutenante is to by verie curiouse and vigilante to see that the greate ordenance by still well provided with all necessarie instrumentes and rather more then less fearinge of urgente necessitie and that they re wante no kinde of munition nor instrument fitt for theyr sundrie executiones It is necessarie that theire be a certaine quantitie of goode refined saltpiter three times refined camphora vinager sal armoniak sal gema rosen colofonia stronge brandevin a store of o kom linsat-oyle gineper-oyle all which are required for severall executiones of fire-wourkes when occasion shall offer but for the curiouse orderinge of thies compositiones for there severall and rare executiones wee finde but verie feowe It is necessarie that he be a companied with good carpinteres He oughte to by curiouse and carefull in seinge that all sorte of munitiones be boughte before he shall have neede for offten times we see that in times of moste neede Verie litle can be had and sometimes all moste none at all and specially pouder and matche for often times oure enemy secretlie under hande buyes all that can be
66. pounde bullet requires 44. pounde of pouder which is the â…” of the waighte of the bullet and soe with the reste The laddell beinge filled two times is the righte chardge of each peece but that consideration oughte to be taken in the goodnes of the pouder and peece uppon the pouder and Artillery ought alwaies to be a pointed a goode and vigilante watche soe that no fraude may take effecte in naylinge the ordenance or givinge fire to the pouder both foote and horse ought to garde the same if neede require and specially goode roundes The setinge montinge or placinge the Artillerie belongethe to the Campe master generall or highe Marshall of the fielde They re oughte to by a speicall care taken that of all sortes of munitiones theire shoulde by rather more to spare then that they re shoulde wante for two many goode respectes for the more youe have allwayes to spare of pouder and other munitiones the more honoure youe gaine and the quieter youre mynde If youe shoulde chance to come to conqueste a foraigne countrie where youe are well asured to get both horse and foote and beinge fullie resolued to overcome that countrie and remaine in possession of the same it is verie necessarie youe carie a longe with youe a greate quaÌ„titie of saddeles briddles spurres and Masteres to make suche wourkes and alsoe to carie a longe with youe a quantitie of many sortes of weapones and munitiones which suchc countries can not a fourde and to take a speciall care that youe receive no men whiche mighte by suspected for fidelitie is a preciouse guel of greate wourth for nexte under God they re is nothinge of so greate importance to a Prince as to have loyall subjectes for trough they re love and unitie the fertilitie of the countrie a companied with good lawes goode discipline prudente and brave conduction of his Captaines and Comaunderes in warr as alsoe a companied with thies saied a faithfull and resolvte determination of his Souldieres who beinge exercised and experimented in warr is a wounderfull comforte securitie and repose bothe to the Kinge and countrie THE FOURTHE CHAP. WHen occasion is offered that a smale or greate number of Souldieres are besiedged in a citti towne forte or castell where they are apointed by they re Kinge or Generall for to defende the same like faithfull and true subjectes where rather they shoulde dye honorably in defence of the same then yealdeth it excepte greate extreamitie and goode reasones constraine them therunto and makinge notoriouse there prudence valoure and fidelitie And if it shoulde chance to fall oute they re comaunder or governoure of such a place trough a covardelie minde or by meanes of sellinge the same for money to the enemy and findinge that he shoulde presume to yealde the same to the enemy litle regardinge his Prince is service nor his owne reputation and knowinge that such a place mighte be defended They all with a brave resolution are to comforte the comaunder presentinge they re reasones that suche a place may be well defended and at leÌ„ghte findinge his minde yealde to the base acte and seinge that reasones can persuade not a vayle They are with a brave and resolute determinotion to say that to honoure they re Prince and mantaine they re one reputation that like unto faithfull subjectes and honorable Souldieres they rather chouse to dye in defence of the place then yealde the same till they knowe the will of they re generall And if the Generall finde no oportunitie to advertice them with answer or in soucorringe them They are withe a brave and noble determinasion to proteste to die in defence of the same with aresolute minde then yealde the same covardly estiminge but litle the honoure of theire prince and their one reputasion and findinge that the Governor of that place will not agrie but still goe forwarde in his base minde they may lawfully aprehende him and electe another in his place to whome they oughte to obey and respecte as if he were elected by the kinge or generall protestinge to fulfill with him as a superior and for the better performance therof to putt all theire conclusiones in writhinge soe that the enemy beinge informed of their valerouse determination brave spirites and fidelitie they shal hardlie fall uppon them but uppon greate and extraordinary advantadge seinge that they are resolved rather to die in defence of theire honoure and reputasion then to yealde or hasarde their fame in rinderinge the same to the handes of theire enemy whiche may use there one discression in a matter of so heavie importance in eyther gaininge honoure or disgrace so considerenge the diferince betwext thies two pointes in the noble profession of armes better and more honorable it is to die in defence of a iuste and honorable cause and perpetuate theâ—e fame to all posteritie then yealde to any lowe or base imagination When an army doe inter into a foraine country and determineth to remaine theire that winter and conquest the same firste he is to fortifie him selfe or com in pocession of stronge places if it mighte by posible Secondlie to gather all the corne cattell wine bire and all other sorte of vituales necessarie for the manteinance of his army Soe that his may not wante and that his enemy may by driven unto greate extreamitie and that trough meere extremitie they may come to offer them selves to serve as faithfull subiectes so that of materes whiche bienge prudently and diligentely manadged doe often times resulte prosperouse and goode successes A necessarie thinge in warr that the souldiores of eache army doe carrie theire device and token wherby they may by knowen by theire owne as frendes rather then to fall uppon as if it were an enemy not knowinge them as it may well fall oute When a generall of an army doth inter to conqueste a kingdom the provinces or places trough which he marcheth he is to take care to leave them well fortified and sure with goode and stronge garisones that his soucors munitiones and convoyes may with the better securitie pass and repass for cause that importeh muche for the better securitie and goode success of his jurney and pretended purpose And if by chance in suche places his convoyes by beaten or broken as it may well fall oute he may retire to the nexte adjoninge forte castell or towne for his securitie and soe shall all sorte of trade marchandise munitiones and traficke freely pass from place to place conducted with stronge and vigilante convoyes both foote and horse Suche persones as shall by chosen to recnoledge citties townes fortes castelles they re fossose and walles and the places easieste to by won as alsoe to recnoledge the place more conveniente to cutt trinches Thies persones oughte to be chosen of men of longe experience in warr as well in the Theorick and practice of the same ingeniouse and of a grtate spirite of a setled minde to houlde and
forwarde well and prudently ordered and with abrave and resolute tetermination til they come in pocession and master the place and strongeste watche they finde In thies and other semblable ocasiones there is no lookinge after still goe forwarde with greate couradge and valeoure whiche execution oughte to be recomended to the care and chardge of prudente and valerouse Captaines and chosen souldiores which bienge so hitted uppon greate expectasiones mighte be hoped of theire goode sucesse And order oughte to be given that in paine of death no souldier shall stir oute of his order till the enemy be wholie vanquised and all thinges dulie ordered and prevented Goode successes are often times optained by meanes of military prudence care and diligence wherfore it is necessarie the Captaine generall be verie industriouse in knowinge who to invente neowe occasiones of warr to diverte and intertaine the enemy when ocasion shall require and to corupte them with money for many ocurantes in warr it is necessarie to have many trustie spies whiche serve for many purposes it is moste necessarie that thies persones by knowen for men of truste and fidelitie for otherwise beinge of double dealinge they are moste dangerouse In all ocasiones he shall atempte he is to be verie carefull and diligente and to knowe the qualitie and condision of the enemyes comaunder wheader he be raish and inconsiderat or prudente and reposed in his actiones and wheader he be a man of a high minde to come to the facte of armes and to knowe the qualitie of his counseleres conductores and officeres and of whate determinasiones and to be well informed if his army be of bisones or rawe men or of anunciente skillfull and practised souldiores and of whate nasiones and of whate desingnes A generall can helpe him selfe in many matteres havinge goode and trustie spies whiche are to be verie well rewarded and paied for be their meanes often tymes matteres of greate momente is prevented in due time and to the contrarry for wante of suche trustie and carefull persones greate disgraces doe happen and brave interprises loste thies persones beinge of confidente truste care and abilitie is agreate repose of minde to the generall Moste necessarie it were that some Captaines and Alferises reformed of longe practice and experience in warr shoulde still asiste nexte his person to informe of many matteres which doe occurr unknowen to the Generall and of greate importance to his majesties service and which shoulde by prevented in due time Thies persones for cause of there longe experience and a proved fidelitie in materes of warr shoulde rather by imploied then otheres ordinarily sente with comisiones in visitinge frontieres fortificasiones amunisiones magasenes or storehouses and of verie many more ocasiones of importance to the furtherance of his majesties service and in givinge true relasion of the extreame necessities of souldiores for wante of the ordinary and inescusable necessaries ordained for them be the Prince in theire garisones as lodginges bedes c. And seinge that none do procure nor pittie them they run away from theire coloures which mighte be prevented in due time be meanes of faithfull and trustie relatores to the better performance of his majesties service and repose of the comon wealth and poure inhabitances it were verie necesary he shoulde have trustie persones of good skill and understandinge in warr who shoulde in due time advertice him of many matters which doth ocurr unknowen to him or his counsell and verie necessary for his majesties service To by prevented in due time againste the poysonous designes and practises of the enemy it were moste necessary to get faithfull and trustie spies to knowe the intentes of the enemy and to whate ende they aspire and to see thies spiees well rewarded so that with the greater care they acomplish the truste emputed in them so that matteres of greate importance may by discovered and prevented withoute facte of armes onely with military prudence His ceasless care and high conceite ought never to be weery in toylinge after vertue and to attaine with travaile care and military prudence the gloriouse issues of his deepe designes In thies oure later warres for the moste parte all electiones goes by favor frindshipp or affection to the greate discomoditie of his majesties service wherfore the Captaine generall as a supreame iustice over a whole army shoulde have aspeciall care in informinge him selfe well in due time to see amatter of so greate importance prudentely prevented It alsoe falethe oute that when the Generall Caules for arelasion of the Master de campes to reforme so many Captaines of eache regimente of eache nasion to reforce other companies In such and semblable ocasiones the Generall shoulde take aspeciall care to by well informed for cause that by dayly experience wee see thies afaires sinesterly handled Reforminge those of greate service suficiency and valoure which is manifeste and to no smale discomodity to his majesties service in the atemptes of many honorable interprises and incounteres and to the greate decay of military discipline So that for wante of prudente conductores many honorable ocasiones are dayly loste And that resultinge of the litle perfection of many officeres in military discipline To see thees ocasiones and many more duly prevented the Captaine generall for many wourdie respectes oughte to informe him selfe well in as much that favoure frindshipp nor affecsion may take place but rather forwarde and advance those of longe and faithfull service prudente cariadge renoomed actes and valoure So that in the administrasion of justice he shall by reputed for one inclined to minister equitie and righte as alsoe for one of greate disgression and wisedome And soe moste comonly by all reason the sucesses of military discipline shall prosper to the greate renoome of the Prince repose and furtherance of the comon wealthe Happy is the Prince and renoomed is the Generall who in his electiones doe imitate the Greekes and Romaines in electinge the conductores of theyr armyes of men experte and skillfull in the arte of warr and moste comonly wise vertuese and valiante Generalles will chuse wise valiante and vertuese Captaines of longe practice renoomed actes and goode examples So with the asistance of the divine powere greate hopes oughte to by expected of theire happie successes as Alexander the greate Scipio Africano Aniball and many more renoomed warrieres lefte in writhinge suficiente examples of the same The ende of the seconde Booke THE THIRDE BOOKE TREATINGE OF FIREWOURKES OF RARE EXECUTIONES BY SEA AND LANDE After which followes A DISCOURSE OF THE CONFINES OF A KINGDOME And the goode lavves to by observed in the same and hovve it is to by fortified and stronge by arte or by nature or by both THE FIRSTE CHAP. Treatinge of Patarres TO chardge a pattar to breake a bridge is required six pounde of pouder or six and haulfe and to breake stronge portes or gates foure pounde or foure and haulfe and for
perceived and specially when it begines to decline oute of his righte course or line and the more darcke the nighte is when it is dischardged oute of a peece of ordenance the better youe may discerne it but in the begininge of the range or line youe can not see it so perfecte as when it begines to decline to the earthe which i have tried at the leager of Breda the nighte a pointed for the triumphe don for the regaininge of that place If for curiositie youe woulde have a ball made with wilde fire to burne within the water let the coate therof firste burne a litle before youe caste it into the water soe that it gives fire to the compositiones there in ordained for his execution whiche beinge fired to wit that parte or partes where in the vente is beinge filled with ayre doth cause the other partes of the same to shume and burne a bove the water with a wonderfull noyce admirable to the behoulderes The balles made for this purpose are lighte and if youe put them into a peece of ordenance beinge loaden with the ordenary pouder required for the executiō of the same in their roaring and wrastlinge of this ball it will burste unto peeces Soe that for to shoute bulletes or balles oute of greate ordenance armed with fire wourcke the cross barres nowe of late invented is the beste the maner of arminge and coatinge thies bulletes and cross barres i have set downe before who and with whate compositiones whiche are of rare executiones by sea and lande beinge well ordered by one of perfecte judgemente in this arte I have alsoe put downe neowe invented cross barres to be shot oute of greate ordenance whiche beinge armed as before taughte are excelente to burne townes and the enemyes quarteres and iam well asured that no comprabell device for that purpose was as yet invented neyther to by shoot in the fronte of a battell i meane those cross barres invented with chaines for beinge dischardged oute of a peece of ordenance in a reasonable neere distance in the fronte of a battell or any order or array y doupte not that it is the beste invention that hase beene divised as yet for that purpose the enemy beinge a reasonable distance of But the enemy beinge very neere at hande the cartadges and bagges filled withe musket bulletes nayles peeces of brocken yron peeces of chaines which beinge shoote oute of greate ordenance are of wonderfull executiones beinge handeled by prudente and curiouse gunneres of perfecte judgemente and longe practice in this arte The draught marked with the letter N. sheoweth howe the saied cross barr shall be put into the peece and the letter O. sheoweth howe the same flieth violently trough the ayre and howe it spreadeth a sonder when it is shott oute of the peece givinge a terrible noyce in his motion and range N. O. The draught marcked with the letter P. sheoweth howe this other cross barr is to be put into the peece and when it is dischardged the letter Q. sheoweth howe it spreadeth a sonder and flieth withe greate violence in his line and range P. Q. THE TENTHE CHAP. Treatinge of the confines of a Kingedome as alsoe of the goode lawes to by observed in the same and of many necessary instructiones thereunto apertaininge and who the same is to by fortified and stronge by arte or by nature or by bothe SUch as are desirouse to be couriose and experte in warlike afaires it importeth that they be of goode judgemente in fortificasiones as well to offende as to defende Notwithstandinge that for this purpose in all kingdomes and states are elected ingineres a luinge them a goode pinsion Yet suche as are of longe practice in warr and do aplie them selves well in hope to by advanced by theire a proved goode partes and suficiencie oughte to exercice them selves in fortificationes bienge very necessarie in owne who profesed to be experte in this arte of warr and knowe howe to intrinch and fortifie him selfe in many ocurrantes in oppen filde howe to cutt a trince to win a towne or any stronge place As also to knowe howe to drawe the plott of townes fortes and castelles and also in knowinge all necessaries for the defence therof and to know howe to prevente the stratagemes to be feared of his enemy Douptless thies thinges are of greate consideration for the strenghte of akingdome consisteth much in beinge well fortified togither with the quantitie and qualitie of his subiectes and in the goode qualitie of his dominion and country Those princes and Reepublikes are judged mighty and stronge whiche in theire kingdomes and states do montaine goode religion goode lawes and goode armes and do exercice the same and do inioy holsom ayre fertill grounde and naturall strenghte with suche other conveniente comodities therunto required To by vnderstoode that all countries are strōge by nature or by arte or by both By nature they are stronge when they are inuiored withe the sea rounde aboute or on parte therof or backed with marrasses or riueres and those to be stronge by arte and in theire frontieres nexte adjoyninge and places moste conveniente to haue townes castelles and fortresses fortified by arte All confines are eyther maritime or mediterraneall or both the one and the other whether they are montanouse places or in plaine campaina or do participate of the one and the other if they by mediterraneall it muste by viewed and considered on whate parte the enemy might come to offende the same and where he mighte moste comodiouse come to atempte And it is alsoe to be considered on whate partes he mighte make his inroades and retire a gaine with safetie and whether their by any situation whiche beinge fortified by the enemy mighte moleste or a noy the country nexte adioyninge If the confines of the kingdom by maritime or on the sea coaste all the coaste and circuide of the same are to by viewed and remarcked that prevention mighte be taken in due time in as muche as may posible to hinder the enemyes imbarcasion in the places moste fitt for the same Yea and in all places whiche mighte by suspected if it be posible for the better securitie of the kingdom or state but in some kingdomes the circuide and places on the sea coaste are so greate that hardly all can be fortified and so the enemy ariuinge with a mightie army and mighte be in a place litle suspected may put the kingdom and country in greate perill and danger as was seene by the spanishe navie at the conqueste of portugall when they landed neere cascales in a place never thoughte vppon by the portugeses so that they founde them selves deceived thinckinge that the disembarcation shoulde have beene betwexte the citti of Lisboa and Sangilians castell where they stoude fortified in theire trinches with determination to hinder the disēbarcation of the spanish navie but he landed in aplace far better for his purpose and of muche lesh danger whiche was
and perfecte Inginer The Cavallero within side adjoyninge to the curtine in the mideste of them are builded and from suche Cavalleros are the curtines or walles of the bulwarke defended and alsoe the fielde and for this cause are the bulwarkes wonte to by made and to raise them so high that they may discover well the places of they re executiones Num. III. THe gates or portes of a towne cittie or forte are to by placed in partes moste comodiouse for the service of the same both in peace and war conveniente to receive in or to put oute people moste safe and sure from all offences in as much as can by the gate muste have his drawen bridge made of stronge timber and yrones necessary for the same it is to be reasonable broade for the comoditie of the wagones and artillery and very stronge if they re by no more then one drawen bridge or gate let them not be directe Necessary it where that no high wales nor hedges of gardines nor ochardes nor such like by permited on the outewarde partes of the gates or walles of any cittie or place of importance and a distance of 600. pases but all razed and made plaine on all the circuide rounde aboute which do offten times serve for ashelter to the enemy to aproache of asuddaine neere the walles that they can not by discerned till they com into the ditch by reason that trees and hedges do shelter them by which meanes many places of importance are soone loste The terra plena is the onely remedy againste the furie and execution of the artillery and is to by made with in and behinde the wall close to the same and the cavallers and bulwarkes oughte to by made in suche forte that the wall bienge fallen the same mighte remaine and stande like amightie mounte againste the enemy and shoulde by made of suche faste and massie earthe that it cromble slipp nor roule not and so fall downe as do many fortificationes made of runinge sande the heighte and bread therof oughte to by suche as the comoditie and seate will require All thies thinges are the memberes of a fortification the which how muche more fitt and proporsionally they by placed aboute the boddy of acitti or place of importance so much doeth it make the same more stronge and beautifull Num. IV. THies conciderationes duly had and resolusion taken then Aploott muste be drawen with conveniente rules and measures to reduce the citti forte or place to the beste forme that may by with as litle ruine or defeatinge of houses or churches as can be plasinge the bulwarkes and cavalleres and other edifices conveniente to theire seates and purpose in the place moste fitt for the same and that to be don withe as litle loss to the inhabitantes as may be possible Resolution taken uppon the designe forme and greatenes that the place or fortress is to haue he is to fortifie the feobleste parte or partes therof firste and the apteste to by offended The fortification well fortified and finished it is necessary that it be furnished with a conveniente garison of souldiores for the better securitie and defence therof for otherwise it were like a boddy withoute a soule and biside this if it haue not provision of all sortes of vitualles artillery and munitiones and of all armes defencive and offencive in goode and sufficiēte store and of shoules spades mattokes pickaxes sawes hameres yron sledges barres of yron nayles ropes c. And many other necessaire instrumentes to wourke in earth or in walles or in stones or in tember and alsoe in water mandes basketes hand barrowes and wheele barrowes plankes beames stakes watlinges gabiones and other thinges at batteries and beseedginge withoute the which it is impossible to repaire and intrinche againste batteries asaultes and other ofences of the enemy all which belonges to the office care and dutie of the generall of the artillery to see them provided in every towne or place of any importance within the realme as also all other places which standes for the defence and safetie of the same Thies fortificationes wee treate of are very costely and hardlie to by performed but by a mighty Prince and specially suche as are made with brike stone goode earth and thurff as is the castell and citti of Anwourpe Gante and san Gilian in Portugall and the castell of Millan and sundrie otheres the licke are hardlie broughte to perfection but with expence of millones so nowe adayes all places are fortified with earth and thurff onely as is for the moste parte the greate towne of Gante Mastrick Dam Ostende Hulste and many more places in the lowe countries as Sluse Weasell and the towne of Breda which haue indured such gallante batteries sufficiente to weare oute a greate and mightie prince both in his power and purse whiche was to be seene in the famouse siedge and regaininge of Breda where all Kinges and Princes in Cristendom for the moste parte on both sides sheowed theire forces and mighte not withstandinge it was won by the invencible power of that mightie Monarke the Catholick Kinge of Spaine troughe his greate mighte and power acompanied with the prudente brave conduction and militarie industrie of his renoomed Generall Marques Spinola and many brave Captaines and souldiores togither with the incomporable power loue and vnitie of his faithfull and renoomed lubjectes of the vnited provinces of the lowe countries to their greate glorie and honoure and soe spreade abroade and related by many auctores to their and predecessores greate fame and renoome of perpetuall memory to all posteritie wherof to relate it were tediouse and incredible to such as haue not seene the same with so many thousandes of wagones ful of all sortes of vitualles and amunisiones cominge every day where mighte by perceived the loue and greate encomparable mighte of his vnited subjetes of the vnited provinces Al which i haue seene and this towne of Breda inuiorened with adoble trince rounde aboute som five leages with verie many fortes and redutes all which was finished in verie feowe dayes with earth and fagotes In fine suche fortificasiones may serve to goode purposes and indure sufficientlie beinge well and ingeniouslie made and of goode earth and carefully remended in due time and when anny piece of the same should fall or decay presently to be repaired and made upp Num. V. AL stronge places of importance are to be well fortified within as also on the outewarde partes and greate consideration oughte to by taken that the enemy may not a proach to the walles or gates withoute beinge discouered before they may come to execute theire intente for which in all stronge houldes and places of importance moste comonlie are placed on the outewarde partes roundes and cēteries and places for theire defence and retreate with such consideration and previntion that the enemy do not a rive vnknowen to the desired place of theire execution as related by their spies