of_o a_o priestly_a mind_n you_o have_v command_v your_o priest_n to_o be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v necessary_a we_o have_v according_a to_o the_o purpose_n of_o your_o will_n and_o the_o head_n which_o you_o give_v to_o we_o answer_v in_o our_o definition_n as_o to_o we_o seem_v good_a so_o that_o if_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v establish_v be_v also_o approve_v of_o as_o right_o by_o your_o judgement_n the_o consent_n of_o so_o great_a a_o king_n and_o lord_n may_v confirm_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o priest_n to_o be_v observe_v with_o the_o great_a authority_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o do_v with_o the_o first_o 38._o thing_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o consider_v i_o have_v show_v what_o authority_n the_o christian_a prince_n have_v always_o be_v account_v to_o have_v over_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o assemble_v of_o they_o to_o their_o proceed_n whilst_o they_o be_v sit_v and_o to_o the_o 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have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n to_o they_o as_o the_o roman_a emperor_n in_o their_o most_o flourish_a estate_n have_v which_o be_v so_o it_o will_v follow_v two_o that_o every_o sovereign_a prince_n have_v a_o right_a to_o exercise_n this_o authority_n within_o his_o dominion_n and_o that_o to_o prove_v this_o right_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v any_o of_o those_o prerogative_n which_o belong_v to_o such_o a_o prince_n among_o which_o this_o authority_n be_v one._n it_o be_v true_a such_o prince_n may_v by_o their_o own_o act_n limit_v themselves_o as_o they_o think_v fit_v and_o these_o limitation_n may_v give_v such_o assembly_n a_o privilege_n in_o one_o country_n beyond_o what_o they_o have_v in_o another_o but_o then_o these_o limitation_n must_v be_v plain_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o their_o favour_n and_o till_o they_o be_v so_o the_o prince_n must_v be_v account_v to_o 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or_o annul_v of_o their_o act_n after_o we_o have_v now_o see_v what_o authority_n 22._o all_o other_o christian_a prince_n have_v claim_v and_o exercise_v over_o their_o clergy_n from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o christianity_n till_o the_o prevalence_n of_o the_o papal_a power_n begin_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o that_o supremacy_n which_o of_o right_a belong_v to_o them_o let_v we_o go_v on_o upon_o this_o foundation_n to_o inquire_v ii_o whether_o our_o own_o king_n have_v not_o as_o great_a a_o authority_n over_o their_o convocation_n as_o any_o other_o prince_n have_v ever_o pretend_v to_o over_o their_o council_n that_o this_o of_o right_a they_o ought_v to_o have_v i_o have_v before_o observe_v the_o only_a question_n be_v whether_o our_o own_o particular_a constitution_n have_v interpose_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o that_o authority_n which_o we_o have_v already_o show_v do_v original_o belong_v to_o them_o and_o here_o i_o may_v just_o leave_v it_o to_o those_o who_o advance_v such_o pretence_n to_o produce_v their_o proof_n and_o show_v we_o upon_o what_o ground_n they_o do_v it_o and_o account_v the_o right_n of_o our_o king_n to_o this_o authority_n to_o have_v be_v sufficient_o establish_v in_o that_o common_a claim_n which_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v all_o christian_a prince_n as_o such_o have_v ever_o make_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o of_o it_o but_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o matter_n beyond_o all_o reasonable_a exception_n i_o shall_v to_o the_o general_n argument_n i_o have_v before_o make_v use_n of_o add_v those_o particular_a confirmation_n which_o our_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n afford_v we_o of_o this_o truth_n and_o show_v that_o by_o our_o own_o constitution_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v all_o that_o power_n at_o this_o day_n over_o our_o convocation_n that_o ever_o any_o christian_a prince_n have_v over_o his_o synod_n one_a then_o if_o we_o consider_v his_o authority_n as_o to_o the_o first_o thing_n beforementioned_a viz._n of_o call_v together_o of_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n we_o be_v tell_v by_o one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a professor_n of_o our_o law_n that_o it_o be_v among_o other_o point_n resolve_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o other_o judge_n at_o a_o committee_n of_o lord_n in_o parliament_n trin._n 8._o jac._n 1._o that_o a_o convocation_n can_v assemble_v at_o their_o onvocation_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o one_o will_v think_v such_o person_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v very_o well_o qualify_v to_o know_v what_o our_o law_n be_v but_o shall_v also_o be_v very_o careful_a especial_o at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o in_o such_o a_o place_n not_o to_o deliver_v any_o thing_n for_o law_n which_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o assure_v be_v so_o but_o because_o some_o have_v except_v against_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o report_n as_o a_o piece_n that_o be_v publish_v after_o the_o 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in_o convocation_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v â—rit_v or_o with_o his_o consent_n and_o in_o assirm_v this_o i_o say_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v the_o joint_a opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o convocation_n as_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n 25_o hen._n 8._o and_o from_o whence_o if_o from_o any_o authority_n we_o may_v certain_o the_o best_a take_v our_o measure_n to_o judge_v whether_o a_o thing_n do_v of_o right_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n or_o no._n for_o one_a as_o for_o the_o clergy_n we_o be_v tell_v in_o the_o preamble_n to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 19_o that_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v acknowlege_v
those_o i_o shall_v therefore_o think_v myself_o concern_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o consider_v now_o among_o these_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o two_o conference_n of_o austin_n with_o the_o 15._o british_a bishop_n i_o know_v of_o none_o more_o ancient_a than_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v before_o king_n oswi_n and_o his_o son_n at_o streanshealch_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o hilda_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o easter_n the_o form_n of_o tonsure_v and_o as_o florence_n of_o worcester_n add_v some_o 561._o other_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n whether_o king_n oswi_n by_o his_o authority_n call_v this_o synod_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v this_o we_o know_v that_o he_o not_o only_o consent_v to_o the_o meeting_n of_o it_o but_o also_o sit_v with_o his_o son_n in_o it_o and_o manage_v the_o debate_n of_o it_o he_o propose_v the_o business_n for_o which_o they_o meet_v and_o at_o last_o final_o resolve_v what_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v to_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o point_n that_o have_v be_v debate_v and_o though_o the_o argument_n that_o determine_v he_o to_o embrace_v st._n peter_n tradition_n rather_o than_o st._n john_n viz._n that_o he_o keep_v the_o door_n in_o heaven_n and_o therefore_o he_o dare_v not_o contradict_v he_o lest_o when_o he_o come_v thither_o the_o apostle_n shall_v resuse_v he_o entrance_n be_v but_o very_o mean_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o rudeness_n and_o ignorance_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o we_o see_v what_o authority_n our_o prince_n from_o the_o beginning_n have_v as_o to_o these_o matter_n and_o how_o considerable_a a_o part_n they_o be_v allow_v in_o their_o synod_n but_o more_o eminent_a as_o well_o as_o more_o 16._o exact_a be_v the_o synod_n hold_v by_o theodore_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o first_o of_o which_o at_o herudford_n as_o the_o bishop_n 5._o of_o several_a province_n be_v assemble_v so_o do_v they_o agree_v with_o theodore_n upon_o many_o useful_a constitution_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n and_o as_o this_o synod_n first_o settle_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n in_o these_o part_n so_o do_v that_o of_o heathfield_n which_o meet_v about_o seven_o year_n after_o establish_v the_o faith_n of_o it_o it_o admit_v of_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o five_o first_o general_n council_n and_o settle_v the_o catholic_n doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n against_o the_o several_a heresy_n which_o have_v be_v condemn_v in_o those_o council_n in_o both_o these_o synod_n it_o be_v express_o say_v that_o theodore_n preside_v and_o so_o he_o do_v in_o the_o next_o i_o be_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o atwyford_n anno_fw-la 685._o in_o which_o among_o other_o thing_n st._n cuthbert_n be_v choose_v bishop_n of_o lindisfarn_n and_o upon_o easter-day_n be_v consecrate_a by_o seven_o bishop_n who_o attend_v upon_o the_o king_n at_o that_o solemn_a season_n by_o who_o authority_n these_o council_n be_v call_v it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v to_o we_o 46._o but_o that_o in_o this_o last_o king_n egfride_n be_v present_a we_o be_v express_o inform_v 43._o and_o the_o constant_a custom_n of_o the_o prince_n in_o those_o day_n will_v not_o suffer_v we_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o it_o be_v by_o their_o direction_n that_o their_o bishop_n both_o meet_v and_o act_v in_o them_o at_o the_o council_n of_o cloveshoe_n anno_fw-la 742_o not_o only_o ann._n aethelbald_a k._n of_o the_o mercian_n preside_v but_o his_o prince_n and_o officer_n be_v present_a too_o yet_o this_o be_v proper_o a_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n and_o the_o matter_n transact_v in_o it_o all_o relate_v to_o the_o church_n nor_o be_v this_o so_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o see_v in_o the_o legatine_n synod_n hold_v by_o gregory_n and_o theophylact_fw-mi send_v hither_o by_o pope_n adrian_n the_o first_o for_o that_o purpose_n our_o king_n not_o only_o direct_v the_o 293._o assemble_v of_o they_o but_o together_o with_o their_o noble_n sit_v in_o they_o and_o to_o testify_v their_o consent_n to_o what_o be_v do_v together_o with_o their_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o bishop_n subscribe_v to_o the_o act_n of_o them_o and_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o those_o ecclesiastical_a 18._o synod_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o these_o time_n as_o for_o the_o many_o other_o who_o act_n remain_v to_o we_o they_o be_v manifest_o civil_a convention_n and_o most_o of_o they_o such_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n as_o be_v afterward_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o parliament_n among_o these_o as_o none_o ought_v more_o to_o be_v consider_v so_o be_v none_o more_o plain_o such_o than_o those_o in_o which_o our_o fol._n ancient_a saxon_a law_n be_v either_o draw_v up_o or_o publish_v and_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o which_o relate_v to_o the_o order_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n thus_o ina_n make_v his_o law_n with_o the_o 1._o consent_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o all_o his_o alderman_n k._n alfred_n collect_v his_o with_o 22._o the_o advice_n of_o all_o his_o wiseman_n k._n edward_n the_o elder_a and_o guthrun_n review_v and_o enlarge_v 41._o they_o as_o assist_v by_o their_o wiseman_n and_o though_o in_o the_o preamble_n to_o the_o law_n of_o k._n aethelstan_n we_o find_v mention_v only_o make_v of_o his_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n because_o they_o indeed_o only_o draw_v up_o those_o law_n which_o be_v more_o proper_o ecclesiastical_a yet_o in_o the_o close_a of_o they_o we_o 53._o be_v tell_v that_o all_o these_o constitution_n be_v publish_v in_o one_o of_o those_o synod_n at_o which_o not_o only_o wulfhelm_v the_o archbishop_n but_o all_o his_o great_a and_o wiseman_n be_v present_a that_o be_v be_v publish_v in_o one_o of_o his_o great_a council_n by_o he_o k._n edmund_n compile_v his_o law_n in_o the_o 58._o assembly_n of_o his_o wiseman_n as_o well_o ecclesiastic_n as_o layman_n so_o do_v edgar_n and_o ethelred_n afterward_o and_o last_o canutus_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o law_n not_o only_o tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v make_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wiseman_n to_o 88_o the_o glory_n of_o god-almighty_a the_o ornament_n of_o his_o kingly_a majesty_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o precise_o note_v the_o time_n when_o he_o compile_v they_o namely_o that_o they_o be_v make_v at_o christmas_n in_o the_o city_n of_o winchester_n where_o he_o than_o keep_v that_o feast_n and_o his_o noble_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n attend_v upon_o he_o and_o sit_v in_o council_n with_o he_o to_o run_v through_o all_o the_o other_o council_n of_o 19_o the_o like_a nature_n in_o which_o constitution_n have_v be_v make_v and_o debate_n hold_v concern_v thing_n relate_v to_o the_o church_n will_v engage_v i_o in_o a_o needless_a as_o well_o as_o tedious_a research_n i_o shall_v only_o mention_v a_o few_o of_o those_o of_o chief_a note_n which_o together_o with_o those_o before_o speak_v of_o may_v suffice_v to_o give_v we_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o they_o at_o becanceld_a about_o the_o year_n 694_o 219._o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n hold_v a_o general_n council_n and_o if_o the_o relation_n be_v true_a it_o be_v indeed_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a composition_n there_o be_v present_a at_o it_o not_o only_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n with_o the_o lord_n and_o other_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o abbot_n abbess_n priest_n and_o deacon_n of_o the_o clergy_n it_o be_v call_v by_o archbishop_n brithwald_n at_o the_o king_n command_n and_o not_o only_o the_o king_n and_o bishop_n but_o all_o other_o of_o the_o clerical_a order_n subscribe_v to_o it_o at_o berghamsted_n the_o same_o king_n about_o 194._o three_o year_n after_o hold_v another_o council_n with_o his_o bishop_n and_o military_a man_n and_o by_o their_o common_a consent_n make_v several_a constitution_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o kent_n but_o more_o remarkable_a be_v the_o council_n at_o 327._o which_o wulfred_n preside_v under_o kenulph_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la 816._o at_o which_o as_o at_o that_o of_o becanceld_a before_o not_o only_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bishop_n be_v present_a but_o together_o with_o the_o king_n come_v also_o his_o prince_n duke_n and_o lord_n and_o all_o these_o be_v surround_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o holy_a order_n abbot_n priest_n and_o deacon_n treat_v with_o one_o accord_n of_o what_o be_v useful_a or_o necessary_a for_o the_o church_n i_o insist_v not_o upon_o the_o synod_n of_o 334._o cloveshoe_n assemble_v by_o beornulfe_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la 822_o 824_o and_o both_o which_o be_v evident_o great_a council_n of_o that_o nation_n as_o be_v also_o the_o council_n of_o london_n an._n 833_o of_o kingston_n etc._n an._n 838_o of_o kingsbury_n an._n 851_o of_o winchester_n an._n 855_o of_o
any_o pope_n but_o such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o particular_o that_o he_o will_v not_o endure_v any_o synod_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n or_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o any_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n without_o leave_n and_o authority_n first_o have_v from_o he_o to_o empower_v they_o so_o to_o do_v and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o resolution_n of_o his_o son_n after_o he_o and_o though_o be_v necessitate_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o civil_a interest_n to_o yield_v a_o little_a some_o of_o our_o follow_a prince_n do_v submit_v to_o the_o papal_a usurpation_n yet_o no_o soon_o be_v their_o government_n grow_v strong_a and_o their_o peace_n settle_v but_o both_o our_o king_n and_o our_o great_a man_n present_o begin_v to_o assert_v their_o freedom_n and_o to_o cast_v off_o those_o chain_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v watch_v his_o opportunity_n to_o put_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o now_o then_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n 25._o of_o the_o method_n of_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n in_o this_o period_n it_o be_v brief_o this_o in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o which_o though_o alter_v in_o some_o circumstance_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o yet_o still_o continue_v in_o the_o main_a the_o same_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o most_o considerable_a of_o the_o abbot_n have_v a_o place_n so_o now_o as_o heretofore_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o civil_a cause_n be_v handle_v by_o they_o and_o law_n pass_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o other_o and_o more_o select_a council_n of_o our_o king_n which_o in_o this_o period_n be_v hold_v sometime_o at_o the_o great_a feast_n and_o sometime_o at_o such_o other_o season_n as_o our_o prince_n think_v sit_v and_o to_o which_o they_o take_v such_o of_o their_o great_a man_n only_o both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a as_o themselves_o think_v sit_v many_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n 51._o be_v also_o debate_v though_o not_o with_o such_o authority_n as_o in_o the_o other_o more_o general_a council_n beside_o these_o assembly_n as_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o period_n ecclesiastical_a synod_n do_v often_o meet_v so_o in_o they_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o matter_n transact_v which_o appertain_v to_o the_o church_n but_o then_o these_o as_o they_o meet_v not_o without_o the_o king_n licence_n so_o neither_o do_v they_o determine_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o his_o consent_n nor_o be_v their_o act_n of_o any_o authority_n until_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o he_o this_o be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o period_n whilst_o it_o as_o yet_o stand_v free_a from_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v enslave_v afterward_o will_v better_o appear_v from_o that_o particular_a view_n we_o be_v now_o to_o take_v of_o those_o council_n in_o which_o any_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n relate_v to_o the_o church_n have_v be_v conclude_v i_o have_v before_o observe_v how_o our_o conqueror_n prince_n very_o early_o begin_v with_o great_a solemnity_n to_o keep_v the_o three_o chief_a festival_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o be_v attend_v by_o their_o bishop_n and_o lord_n at_o they_o at_o one_o of_o these_o season_n present_o after_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o government_n the_o conqueror_n command_v a_o synod_n to_o be_v hold_v and_o 1070._o make_v use_v of_o the_o pope_n au_o 〈…〉_z rity_n and_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o legate_n to_o strengthen_v what_o he_o have_v to_o do_v in_o it_o have_v thus_o assemble_v the_o bishop_n apart_o 968._o into_o a_o ecclesiastical_a council_n he_o proceed_v not_o only_o to_o deprive_v stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o in_o some_o measure_n deserve_v it_o but_o several_a other_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o no_o other_o real_a reason_n but_o only_o that_o he_o do_v not_o love_v they_o or_o else_o want_v to_o have_v his_o norman_n in_o their_o place_n and_o have_v thus_o proceed_v as_o far_o as_o he_o think_v good_a in_o this_o council_n he_o stop_v still_o the_o next_o solemn_a festival_n and_o then_o in_o another_o synod_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o assemble_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n he_o go_v on_o to_o far_a deprivation_n after_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o it_o be_v at_o a_o like_a meeting_n of_o his_o bishop_n 20._o and_o lord_n about_o two_o year_n after_o that_o resolve_v the_o great_a council_n into_o a_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n he_o determine_v the_o primacy_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n over_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o the_o act_n of_o it_o what_o that_o synod_n be_v which_o lanfrank_n sometime_o after_o hold_v at_o westminster_n we_o be_v not_o tell_v this_o we_o be_v inform_v that_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n command_n and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o this_o as_o he_o have_v be_v at_o the_o other_o two_o whether_o this_o be_v the_o same_o council_n which_o we_o find_v record_v by_o malmsbury_n in_o the_o life_n of_o lanfranc_n or_o whether_o there_o be_v another_o assemble_v the_o same_o year_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o that_o a_o synod_n be_v hold_v about_o this_o time_n at_o london_n we_o be_v 10_o well_o assure_v in_o this_o many_o ancient_a canon_n be_v revive_v and_o the_o foundation_n lay_v for_o renew_v the_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n of_o the_o church_n and_o because_o this_o have_v not_o sufficient_o determine_v what_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v the_o next_o year_n after_o he_o hold_v another_o at_o winchester_n etc._n in_o which_o several_a useful_a constitution_n be_v establish_v the_o head_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v to_o we_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o those_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n that_o we_o be_v tell_v be_v assemble_v under_o k._n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o last_o of_o which_o however_o say_v to_o have_v be_v call_v by_o lanfranc_n who_o also_o preside_v in_o they_o yet_o still_o we_o must_v remember_v what_o we_o have_v before_o in_o general_a observe_v of_o this_o king_n that_o the_o 6._o archbishop_n call_v they_o by_o his_o command_n who_o also_o approve_v their_o act_n before_o he_o suffer_v they_o to_o have_v any_o authority_n in_o this_o realm_n for_o the_o far_a confirmation_n of_o which_o 27._o remark_n let_v we_o only_o cast_v our_o eye_n upon_o the_o conduct_n of_o this_o prince_n as_o to_o these_o matter_n in_o his_o own_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o from_o thence_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a the_o more_o certain_o to_o judge_v what_o power_n he_o claim_v over_o his_o clergy_n in_o his_o new_a dominion_n and_o here_o we_o find_v that_o at_o whitsuntide_n anno_fw-la 1086_o he_o assemble_v his_o parliament_n at_o rouen_n the_o member_n who_o compose_v it_o be_v the_o same_o that_o in_o those_o day_n make_v up_o we_o there_o be_v present_a the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o with_o they_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o laity_n be_v meet_v they_o 552._o make_v several_a law_n for_o the_o government_n both_o of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n and_o he_o be_v both_o present_a at_o their_o debate_n and_o by_o his_o authority_n confirm_v what_o have_v be_v agree_v on_o by_o they_o and_o when_o some_o time_n before_o the_o archbishop_n of_o rouen_n hold_v a_o provincial_a synod_n with_o his_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n pure_o to_o consult_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n and_o several_a canon_n be_v compile_v by_o they_o the_o act_n of_o it_o observe_v that_o the_o conqueror_n 311._o be_v himself_o both_o present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o that_o he_o afterward_o confirm_v they_o by_o his_o command_n such_o be_v the_o authority_n which_o this_o prince_n exercise_v over_o his_o synod_n as_o ii_o for_o his_o successor_n king_n william_n the_o second_o he_o be_v not_o at_o all_o less_o but_o rather_o be_v more_o stiff_a in_o assert_v his_o right_n as_o to_o these_o matter_n than_o ever_o his_o father_n have_v be_v insomuch_o that_o be_v on_o a_o time_n desire_v by_o anselm_n archbishop_n of_o 25._o canterbury_n to_o employ_v his_o authority_n to_o the_o restore_n of_o christianity_n almost_o utter_o deface_v in_o his_o realm_n he_o ask_v he_o what_o he_o will_v have_v he_o do_v command_v say_v anselm_n council_n to_o be_v renew_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n there_o let_v it_o be_v inquire_v what_o have_v be_v do_v a_o miss_n and_o let_v a_o seasonable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o remedy_n of_o it_o there_o have_v not_o be_v hold_v a_o general_a council_n of_o bishop_n since_o you_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n nor_o for_o some_o time_n before_o through_o this_o defect_n many_o
be_v first_o make_v whether_o the_o convocation_n have_v a_o right_a to_o meet_v and_o act_n as_o often_o as_o the_o parliament_n do_v §_o 1._o the_o method_n which_o this_o author_n have_v take_v to_o vindicate_v this_o suppose_a right_n of_o the_o convocation_n censure_v §_o 2._o the_o design_n of_o the_o follow_a treatise_n lay_v out_o §_o 3._o chap._n ii_o the_o first_o general_n point_v propose_v and_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o handle_n of_o it_o in_o pursuance_n whereof_o a_o general_a enquiry_n be_v first_o make_v what_o power_n christian_a prince_n have_v always_o be_v allow_v to_o exercise_v over_o their_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n or_o convocation_n with_o respect_n both_o to_o the_o sit_v of_o they_o to_o the_o manage_n of_o they_o when_o sit_v and_o to_o the_o confirm_v or_o annul_v of_o their_o act_n after_o the_o first_o general_n question_v propose_v and_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o for_o a_o full_a resolution_n of_o it_o §_o 1._o that_o christian_a prince_n have_v authority_n over_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o in_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n §_o 2._o and_o that_o particular_o with_o reference_n to_o their_o synod_n and_o convocation_n §_o 3._o which_o 1_n can_v meet_v without_o their_o permission_n or_o against_o their_o consent_n §_o 4._o that_o the_o eight_o first_o general_n council_n be_v all_o call_v by_o the_o emperor_n authority_n §_o 5._o so_o be_v all_o the_o lesser_a synod_n hold_v under_o the_o roman_a emperor_n §_o 6._o the_o gothish_a prince_n in_o the_o empire_n keep_v their_o synod_n to_o the_o same_o rule_n §_o 7._o so_o do_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o several_a kingdom_n which_o rise_v up_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o of_o spain_n §_o 8._o portugal_n §_o 9_o burgundy_n §_o 10._o germany_n §_o 11._o france_n §_o 12._o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n never_o oppose_v this_o or_o make_v any_o complaint_n against_o it_o §_o 13._o 1_o christian_n prince_n have_v often_o call_v such_o council_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o clergy_n and_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o when_o the_o bishop_n have_v desire_v it_o §_o 14._o who_o 2_o be_v so_o refuse_v have_v never_o pretend_v to_o meet_v in_o council_n against_o their_o will_n or_o assert_v any_o right_n so_o to_o do_v §_o 15._o 3_o no_o not_o in_o provincial_a council_n for_o which_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v some_o right_n on_o their_o side_n §_o 16._o 4_o that_o the_o prince_n have_v a_o right_a to_o determine_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n §_o 17._o 5_o and_o may_v direct_v what_o person_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o come_v to_o they_o §_o 18._o the_o first_o point_n sum_v up_o §_o 19_o ii_o of_o the_o prince_n authority_n over_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n when_o they_o be_v meet_v §_o 20._o 1._o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o prescribe_v to_o they_o what_o they_o shall_v debate_v about_o §_o 21._o the_o ground_n of_o this_o ibid._n the_o several_a method_n that_o have_v be_v take_v by_o they_o to_o do_v this_o §_o 22._o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n in_o confirmation_n hereof_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n §_o 23._o in_o other_o place_n §_o 24._o 2._o to_o determine_v in_o what_o manner_n and_o order_n they_o shall_v proceed_v in_o their_o debate_n §_o 25._o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n in_o confirmation_n hereof_o §_o 26._o 3._o to_o sit_v with_o they_o and_o to_o preside_v over_o they_o so_o the_o emperor_n do_v §_o 27._o and_o so_o do_v the_o prince_n who_o succeed_v they_o in_o their_o several_a state_n §_o 28_o etc._n etc._n how_o far_o the_o prince_n thus_o preside_v may_v act_v synodical_o with_o his_o clergy_n §_o 31._o iii_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n over_o these_o convention_n after_o they_o have_v end_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o §_o 32._o the_o clergy_n can_v regular_o break_v up_o their_o synod_n without_o his_o leave_n §_o 33._o their_o act_n be_v of_o no_o authority_n till_o confirm_v by_o he_o §_o 34._o how_o far_o the_o prince_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o examine_v their_o determination_n to_o confirm_v annul_v or_o amend_v they_o §_o 35._o what_o power_n he_o have_v over_o their_o judgement_n §_o 36._o what_o over_o their_o constitution_n §_o 37._o the_o whâ—lâ—_n apply_v to_o our_o own_o case_n §_o 38._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o authority_n which_o our_o own_o king_n have_v over_o their_o convocation_n with_o respect_n both_o to_o their_o meeting_n and_o act_v first_o and_o to_o the_o confirm_v or_o annul_v their_o act_n after_o that_o our_o prince_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o have_v the_o same_o authority_n over_o their_o convocation_n as_o any_o other_o prince_n have_v before_o be_v show_v to_o have_v §_o 1._o i._o that_o the_o convocation_n can_v meet_v without_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o empower_v they_o so_o to_o do_v §_o 2._o the_o judge_n opinion_n to_o this_o purpose_n ibid._n the_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n §_o 3._o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a to_o name_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n §_o 4._o as_o also_o to_o appoint_v what_o person_n shall_v come_v to_o it_o §_o 5._o be_v summon_v it_o lie_v in_o his_o breast_n whether_o they_o shall_v sit_v or_o no._n §_o 6._o ii_o that_o be_v meet_v they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o act_n but_o by_o the_o king_n permission_n §_o 7._o this_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n agreeable_o to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o and_o far_o prove_v from_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o convocation-writ_a §_o 8._o the_o form_n of_o which_o be_v the_o same_o now_o that_o ancient_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v §_o 9_o as_o also_o from_o the_o commission_n wont_a to_o be_v send_v to_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n §_o 10._o several_a instance_n of_o which_o be_v offer_v §_o 11._o from_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o convocation_n in_o the_o 1._o edw._n vi_o §_o 12._o of_o the_o power_n of_o our_o king_n to_o sit_v with_o or_o to_o send_v commissioner_n to_o their_o convocation_n §_o 13._o whether_o the_o convocation_n as_o a_o court_n may_v proceed_v to_o judge_v any_o cause_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n §_o 14._o the_o convocation_n do_v ancient_o judge_v of_o heresy_n §_o 15._o how_o it_o judge_v §_o 16._o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o it_o can_v judge_v any_o person_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n §_o 17._o it_o be_v certain_a the_o king_n may_v in_o a_o particular_a case_n prohibit_v they_o so_o to_o do_v §_o 18._o and_o suspend_v or_o annul_v their_o sentence_n ib._n iii_o of_o the_o authority_n which_o our_o king_n have_v over_o their_o convocation_n after_o they_o have_v do_v what_o they_o be_v call_v for_o they_o can_v break_v up_o without_o the_o king_n licence_n §_o 19_o his_o authority_n requisite_a to_o confirm_v their_o acts._n §_o 20._o how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o case_n he_o be_v empower_v to_o confirm_v they_o ibid._n the_o king_n have_v power_n not_o only_o to_o review_n their_o act_n himself_o but_o to_o submit_v they_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o council_n §_o 21._o the_o practice_n of_o this_o prove_v to_o §_o 24._o whether_o he_o may_v alter_v and_o correct_v their_o definition_n ibid._n from_o the_o whole_a a_o answer_n be_v distinct_o give_v to_o the_o first_o question_n propose_v §_o 25._o chap._n iu._n in_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o convocation_n be_v historical_o deduce_v from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o our_o own_o time_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o enquiry_n and_o the_o method_n propose_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o it_o §_o 1._o 1._o period_n how_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n be_v transact_v from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n the_o clergy_n summon_v to_o convocation_n after_o two_o very_a different_a manner_n by_o the_o parliament_n write_v §_o 2._o by_o the_o provincial_a writ_n §_o 3._o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o lay_v in_o these_o first_o time_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n be_v member_n of_o the_o civil_a council_n as_o well_o as_o of_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n §_o 4._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o great_a council_n in_o these_o time_n and_o how_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n be_v transact_v in_o they_o §_o 5._o show_v from_o the_o like_a council_n in_o france_n under_o pepin_n §_o 6._o under_o charles_n the_o emperor_n §_o 7._o their_o manner_n of_o debate_v §_o 8._o their_o polity_n clear_v §_o 9_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o own_o great_a council_n state_v upon_o this_o foundation_n §_o 10_o 11_o 12_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n of_o these_o time_n of_o what_o person_n they_o consist_v by_o what_o authority_n they_o be_v hold_v §_o 13._o a_o particular_a view_n take_v of_o the_o principal_a
synod_n of_o this_o kind_n during_o this_o period_n §_o 14._o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n of_o most_o note_n that_o be_v transact_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o same_o period_n §_o 18._o etc._n etc._n ii_o period_n from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o k._n william_n i._o to_o the_o 23d_o of_o k._n edward_n i._n the_o papal_a power_n begin_v about_o this_o time_n to_o prevail_v over_o the_o prince_n authority_n §_o 21._o by_o what_o degree_n it_o do_v so_o §_o 22_o etc._n etc._n william_n the_o conqueror_n stand_v out_o against_o its_o encroachment_n and_o continue_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o same_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o §_o 24._o so_o do_v his_o son_n after_o he_o §_o 25._o what_o that_o state_n be_v ibid._n a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o chief_a ecclesiastical_a synod_n under_o king_n willam_n i._o §_o 26_o 27._o king_n william_n ii_o §_o 28._o king_n henry_n i._o §_o 29._o how_o the_o pope_n now_o begin_v to_o send_v his_o legate_n hither_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v encroach_v upon_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o business_n before_o we_o §_o 30._o how_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n give_v the_o next_o shock_n to_o it_o §_o 31._o of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n under_o k._n stephen_n §_o 31._o k._n henry_n ii_o §_o 32._o k._n richard_n i._o §_o 33._o k._n john_n §_o 34._o k._n henry_n iii_o §_o 35._o k._n edward_n i._o §_o 36._o how_o far_o our_o king_n during_o this_o period_n continue_v to_o transact_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n in_o their_o great_a council_n §_o 37_o iii_o period_n from_o the_o 23d_o of_o king_n edward_n i_o to_o the_o 25_o of_o king_n henry_n viii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o period_n particular_o of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n §_o 43._o of_o the_o change_n which_o some_o suppose_v be_v about_o this_o time_n make_v in_o it_o §_o 44_o 45_o that_o the_o same_o change_n be_v make_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o civil_a part_n of_o it_o §_o 46._o what_o place_n from_o thenceforth_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v in_o it_o show_v from_o the_o parliament_n write_v §_o 47._o from_o the_o parliament_n roll_n §_o 48._o how_o our_o great_a council_n meet_v and_o act_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o establishment_n §_o 49._o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o convocation_n as_o it_o be_v a_o provincial_a synod_n about_o this_o time_n show_v from_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n write_v §_o 50_o 51._o how_o the_o convocation_n come_v to_o bè_v summon_v at_o or_o about_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o parliament_n §_o 51._o whether_o one_o may_v not_o be_v hold_v without_o the_o other_o §_o 52._o by_o who_o the_o convocation_n in_o these_o time_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v §_o 53._o of_o the_o chief_a convocation_n hold_v under_o k._n edw._n i._o §_o 54._o k._n edw._n ii_o §_o 55._o k._n edw._n iii_o §_o 56._o of_o the_o opposition_n which_o begin_v about_o this_o time_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o pope_n usurpation_n ibid._n of_o the_o convocation_n under_o our_o follow_a king_n to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n viii_o §_o 58_o ad_fw-la 61._o period_n iu._n from_o the_o 25_o of_o k._n henry_n viii_o to_o our_o own_o time_n a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o statute_n 25._o hen._n viii_o cap._n 19_o §_o 62_o 63_o 64._o of_o the_o dependence_n which_o the_o convocation_n have_v upon_o the_o parliament_n §_o 65._o whether_o the_o convocation_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n §_o 66._o of_o select_a committee_n and_o the_o great_a use_n that_o have_v be_v make_v of_o they_o under_o this_o period_n §_o 67._o the_o several_a way_n of_o transact_v ecclesiastical_a affair_n at_o this_o day_n consider_v in_o five_o particular_n §_o 68_o it_o be_v at_o the_o prince_n choice_n by_o which_o of_o these_o he_o will_v from_o time_n to_o time_n transact_v they_o §_o 69_o 70._o chap._n v._n the_o opinion_n advance_v in_o the_o late_a letter_n to_o a_o convocation_n man_n state_v and_o the_o argument_n examine_v by_o which_o the_o author_n of_o it_o pretend_v to_o show_v 1._o that_o the_o convocation_n have_v a_o right_a to_o meet_v whenever_o the_o parliament_n do_v and_o 2._o that_o be_v meet_v it_o have_v also_o a_o right_n to_o act_n without_o any_o licence_n from_o the_o king_n to_o empower_v it_o so_o to_o do_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o chapter_n propose_v §_o 1._o and_o the_o question_n in_o debate_n state_v from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o letter_n here_o to_o be_v examine_v §_o 2._o whether_o the_o church_n have_v any_o original_a inherent_a right_n of_o its_o own_o to_o assemble_v synod_n §_o 3._o the_o first_o question_n bring_v to_o its_o true_a state_n §_o 4._o the_o second_o question_n in_o like_a manner_n reduce_v to_o its_o true_a bound_n §_o 5._o i._o question_n §_o 6._o that_o the_o convocation_n have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v as_o often_o as_o the_o parliament_n meet_v do_v not_o follow_v 1._o from_o any_o suppose_a parallel_n between_o they_o §_o 7._o which_o be_v examine_v and_o answer_v ib._n that_o there_o be_v more_o need_n of_o frequent_a parliament_n than_o of_o frequent_a convocation_n §_o 8._o 2._o nor_o from_o the_o 8_o hen._n vi_o §_o 9_o 3._o nor_o from_o its_o power_n to_o judge_v in_o matter_n of_o heresy_n §_o 10._o 4._o nor_o from_o the_o bishop_n parliament_n write_v §_o 11._o the_o objection_n of_o the_o archbishops_n be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o king_n justice_n to_o hold_v a_o synod_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n neither_o well_o relate_v nor_o to_o the_o purpose_n §_o 12._o 5._o nor_o from_o the_o description_n of_o a_o convocation_n in_o the_o law_n dictionary_n §_o 13_o ii_o question_n §_o 14._o that_o the_o convocation_n be_v meet_v may_v proceed_v to_o act_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n not_o prove_v 1._o from_o any_o thing_n unreasonable_a that_o will_v follow_v if_o it_o may_v not_o §_o 15._o 2._o nor_o from_o any_o suppose_a right_n which_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n licence_n if_o it_o be_v needful_a §_o 16._o 3._o nor_o from_o the_o parallel_n again_o urge_v between_o the_o convocation_n and_o the_o parliament_n §_o 17._o 4._o nor_o from_o the_o prohibition_n ancient_o send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o it_o §_o 18._o 5._o the_o stature_n 25._o hen._n viii_o vindicated_n from_o the_o new_a interpretation_n give_v of_o it_o by_o this_o author_n §_o 19_o 20._o the_o king_n be_v right_a to_o send_v commissioner_n to_o sit_v in_o convocation_n nothing_o to_o his_o advantage_n §_o 21._o of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o convocation_n in_o point_n of_o judicature_n §_o 23._o the_o case_n between_o dr._n standish_n and_o the_o convocation_n relate_v as_o it_o stand_v in_o our_o ancient_a law_n book_n §_o 24._o chap._n vi_o some_o rule_n lay_v down_o by_o which_o to_o judge_v for_o what_o cause_n and_o at_o what_o time_n synod_n ought_v or_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v assemble_v and_o the_o allegation_n bring_v to_o prove_v a_o convocation_n to_o be_v at_o this_o time_n necessary_a to_o be_v hold_v examine_v by_o them_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o king_n ought_v to_o suffer_v the_o convocation_n to_o sit_v when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n do_v real_o require_v it_o §_o 1_o the_o author_n position_n lay_v down_o and_o the_o method_n propose_v for_o the_o examine_v of_o it_o §_o 2._o i._o that_o synod_n be_v oftentimes_o useless_a and_o even_o hurtful_a to_o the_o church_n §_o 3._o the_o end_n for_o which_o synod_n ought_v to_o be_v call_v best_a show_n when_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o call_v they_o §_o 4._o the_o general_a measure_n from_o whence_o to_o judge_n of_o this_o from_o thence_o state_v §_o 5._o from_o those_o general_n measure_v the_o follow_v particular_a rule_n deduce_v 1._o synod_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v call_v to_o determine_v plain_a and_o clear_a matter_n §_o 6._o 2._o nor_o for_o such_o as_o have_v by_o a_o equal_a or_o perhaps_o great_a authority_n be_v already_o determine_v §_o 7._o 3._o nor_o to_o do_v that_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o more_o easy_n and_o ordinary_a method_n §_o 8._o 4._o nor_o when_o there_o be_v no_o probable_a expectation_n of_o any_o good_a to_o come_v from_o their_o meeting_n §_o 9_o 5._o nor_o in_o unquiet_a and_o unsettled_a time_n §_o 10._o ii_o what_o the_o author_n of_o the_o letter_n etc._n etc._n have_v offer_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a a_o convocation_n shall_v now_o meet_v §_o 11._o it_o be_v confess_v that_o we_o stand_v in_o great_a need_n of_o a_o reformation_n but_o it_o do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o we_o
need_v a_o convocation_n §_o 12._o 1._o a_o convocation_n not_o necessary_a to_o condemn_v sceptic_n or_o deist_n §_o 13._o 2._o nor_o to_o censure_v socinian_n §_o 14._o 3._o nor_o against_o those_o who_o plead_v for_o a_o general_n toleration_n §_o 15._o 4._o nor_o to_o call_v some_o particular_a person_n to_o account_v §_o 16._o 5._o nor_o to_o prevent_v these_o thing_n from_o corrupt_v the_o manner_n of_o men._n §_o 17._o the_o far_a pretence_n of_o this_o author_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n consider_v and_o answer_v viz._n 1._o that_o the_o bishop_n can_v reform_v those_o abuse_n §_o 18._o the_o authority_n of_o christian_a prince_n assert_v etc._n etc._n chap._n i._n the_o design_n of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o method_n that_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o material_a in_o 1._o what_o order_n we_o examine_v the_o question_n here_o propose_v nor_o shall_v i_o therefore_o pass_v any_o ensure_v upon_o the_o method_n which_o our_o author_n have_v take_v in_o handle_v of_o they_o yet_o because_o i_o think_v the_o matter_n of_o right_n in_o this_o case_n be_v of_o much_o great_a concern_v in_o itself_o than_o that_o of_o expedience_n and_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o if_o it_o stand_v good_a will_v supersede_n the_o necessity_n of_o look_v any_o far_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o begin_v with_o that_o point_n which_o howsoever_o it_o be_v resolve_v will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o a_o determination_n of_o this_o whole_a controversy_n for_o if_o the_o convocation_n have_v a_o legal_a right_o to_o sit_v and_o act_n independent_a upon_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o if_o to_o deny_v they_o so_o to_o do_v as_o often_o as_o the_o parliament_n be_v assemble_v be_v to_o violate_v that_o right_n which_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o constitution_n they_o ought_v to_o enjoy_v as_o this_o author_n doubt_v not_o to_o affirm_v then_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o present_a occasion_n for_o their_o sit_v as_o he_o pretend_v or_o no_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o clergy_n have_v have_v wrong_a enough_o already_o do_v they_o and_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v encroach_v upon_o by_o any_o far_a adjournment_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o meeting_n and_o act_v of_o the_o convocation_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o grace_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n so_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o assemble_v nor_o consult_v without_o his_o permiss_a 〈…〉_z nor_o be_v he_o any_o far_o oblige_v to_o 〈◊〉_d of_o either_o than_o he_o be_v persuade_v 〈◊〉_d meeting_n and_o act_v will_v be_v for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d benefit_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n then_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o in_o pretend_v to_o judge_n of_o these_o matter_n our_o convocation-man_n and_o his_o friend_n have_v meddle_v with_o that_o which_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o that_o in_o vain_a do_v they_o insist_v upon_o what_o seem_v agreeable_a to_o their_o apprehension_n whilst_o they_o can_v tell_v but_o that_o his_o majesty_n may_v have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a reason_n against_o their_o sit_v under_o the_o present_a circumstance_n of_o affair_n as_o they_o can_v imagine_v they_o have_v offer_v for_o it_o indeed_o if_o our_o author_n be_v at_o this_o time_n 2._o a_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o as_o in_o one_o passage_n of_o his_o book_n he_o seem_v to_o intimate_v 28_o that_o he_o be_v and_o if_o his_o concern_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o 22._o church_n be_v so_o great_a as_o he_o will_v have_v we_o think_v it_o to_o be_v i_o can_v but_o wonder_v why_o he_o have_v so_o long_o suffer_v that_o honourable_a house_n to_o neglect_v this_o matter_n so_o far_o as_o never_o once_o to_o enter_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o it_o he_o know_v the_o commons_o have_v a_o stand_a committee_n for_o religion_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o lay_v it_o to_o their_o charge_n that_o notwithstanding_o this_o nothing_o have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v do_v by_o they_o since_o the_o revolution_n in_o favour_n of_o it_o but_o why_o then_o do_v not_o our_o zealous_a advocate_n choose_v rather_o to_o represent_v the_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v our_o church_n and_o the_o invasion_n that_o have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o very_a fundamental_a frame_n of_o our_o constitution_n to_o those_o worthy_a gentleman_n and_o at_o such_o a_o committee_n where_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o speak_v and_o where_o this_o point_n will_v have_v be_v proper_o debate_v than_o to_o creep_v out_o into_o the_o world_n under_o the_o disguise_n of_o a_o nameless_a author_n and_o expose_v both_o himself_o and_o his_o cause_n to_o those_o censure_n which_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v so_o just_o pass_v upon_o both_o we_o can_v suppose_v that_o he_o decline_v this_o out_o of_o any_o distrust_n of_o the_o argument_n he_o have_v to_o allege_v to_o make_v good_a his_o pretension_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o convocation_n no_o we_o find_v he_o be_v so_o confident_a of_o their_o clearness_n that_o he_o assert_v it_o again_o and_o again_o with_o much_o assurance_n that_o to_o sit_v and_o act_n be_v their_o right_n and_o that_o the_o king_n can_v hinder_v they_o from_o do_v both_o without_o violate_v our_o constitution_n as_o well_o as_o injure_v the_o convocation_n and_o for_o his_o opinion_n of_o the_o readiness_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o do_v we_o justice_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v need_v only_o to_o repeat_v his_o own_o word_n to_o show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o except_o against_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o they_o be_v concern_v 16_o to_o maintain_v the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o own_o body_n they_o will_v be_v careful_a not_o to_o invade_v those_o of_o another_o they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o the_o preserve_v the_o constitution_n as_o it_o be_v be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v their_o true_a and_o real_a interest_n and_o that_o the_o constitution_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v uphold_v than_o by_o the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o their_o just_a right_n and_o power_n allow_v to_o act_n in_o their_o proper_a sphere_n and_o circumscribe_v within_o they_o this_o i_o say_v they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v and_o withal_o just_a enough_o to_o own_o that_o a_o convocation_n be_v as_o much_o a_o part_n of_o the_o constitution_n as_o a_o parliament_n itself_o but_o our_o author_n have_v take_v his_o own_o 3._o way_n and_o i_o must_v either_o follow_v he_o in_o it_o or_o must_v leave_v one_o great_a part_n of_o his_o letter_n unanswered_a and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o that_o in_o do_v this_o some_o may_v be_v so_o far_o bias_v in_o his_o favour_n as_o to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v unanswerable_a and_o though_o i_o be_o sensible_a that_o in_o pursue_v of_o these_o consideration_n i_o shall_v meddle_v with_o such_o matter_n as_o do_v not_o at_o all_o belong_v to_o a_o private_a debate_n yet_o since_o other_o have_v have_v the_o boldness_n to_o arraign_v the_o government_n for_o not_o suffer_v the_o convocation_n to_o meet_v and_o to_o tell_v the_o world_n that_o both_o the_o honour_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n be_v concern_v in_o it_o and_o can_v be_v preserve_v without_o it_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o examine_v what_o ground_n there_o be_v for_o so_o invidious_a a_o suggestion_n and_o have_v as_o much_o right_o to_o transgress_v in_o behalf_n of_o authority_n as_o this_o gentleman_n have_v take_v to_o offend_v against_o it_o and_o the_o method_n that_o i_o shall_v choose_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o subject_n shall_v be_v this_o first_o i_o will_v inquire_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n 21._o of_o right_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o law_n that_o command_v or_o permit_v the_o sit_v and_o act_v of_o the_o convocation_n beside_o the_o absolute_a free_a pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o if_o there_o be_v what_o that_o law_n be_v and_o how_o far_o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v by_o it_o which_o be_v settle_v i_o will_v second_o consider_v what_o occasion_n there_o be_v at_o present_a for_o a_o convocation_n 2._o and_o whether_o the_o necessity_n of_o its_o meeting_n and_o act_v be_v so_o great_a and_o the_o delay_n of_o it_o so_o dangerous_a as_o our_o author_n pretend_v it_o to_o be_v as_o for_o his_o three_o question_n which_o respect_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o act_n of_o a_o convocation_n any_o far_a than_o they_o be_v confirm_v and_o approve_v of_o by_o parliament_n that_o be_v not_o much_o insist_v upon_o by_o our_o author_n and_o what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v say_v to_o it_o will_v incidental_o fall_v in_o in_o the_o prosecution_n
of_o the_o other_o two_n but_o though_o this_o therefore_o be_v the_o general_n method_n which_o i_o shall_v observe_v yet_o i_o be_o sensible_a that_o in_o order_n to_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o the_o former_a of_o these_o question_n i_o must_v take_v a_o much_o large_a compass_n than_o our_o author_n design_n lead_v he_o to_o do_v and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v not_o bare_o answer_v his_o allegation_n but_o may_v also_o give_v some_o tolerable_a account_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n and_o right_n of_o our_o convocation_n which_o for_o all_o this_o gentleman_n have_v yet_o do_v may_v still_o continue_v to_o be_v as_o little_o understand_v as_o 20._o those_o of_o a_o jewish_a sanhedrim_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o examine_v this_o matter_n to_o the_o bottom_n as_o far_o as_o my_o skill_n will_v enable_v and_o my_o leisure_n permit_v i_o to_o do_v it_o for_o 27._o as_o our_o author_n have_v right_o observe_v that_o a_o exact_a and_o full_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n can_v be_v give_v but_o by_o one_o who_o have_v great_a skill_n in_o our_o english_a law_n and_o antiquity_n i_o may_v add_v and_o in_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o church_n too_o which_o diet_n must_v be_v competent_o understand_v oâ—_n this_o subject_n can_v never_o be_v thorough_o handle_v so_o must_v i_o free_o profess_v that_o neither_o will_v my_o other_o affair_n allow_v i_o to_o be_v very_o exact_a nor_o do_v my_o profession_n as_o a_o divine_a entitle_v i_o to_o so_o much_o skill_n as_o i_o be_o sensible_a be_v requisite_a to_o the_o perfect_a of_o such_o a_o undertake_n but_o however_o i_o will_v candid_o offer_v what_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o and_o where_o i_o chance_v to_o be_v mistake_v especial_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n which_o lie_v out_o of_o my_o way_n i_o hope_v those_o who_o be_v more_o learned_a will_v make_v a_o reasonable_a allowance_n for_o my_o error_n chap._n ii_o the_o first_o general_n point_v propose_v and_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o handle_n of_o it_o in_o pursuance_n whereof_o a_o general_n enquiry_n be_v first_o make_v into_o that_o power_n which_o christian_n prince_n have_v always_o be_v allow_v to_o exercise_v over_o their_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n or_o convocation_n with_o respect_n both_o to_o the_o call_v of_o they_o to_o the_o manage_n of_o they_o when_o sit_v and_o to_o the_o confirm_v or_o annul_v their_o act_n after_o ward_n to_o come_v then_o without_o any_o more_o 1._o ado_n to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n the_o first_o and_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v this_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o law_n that_o command_v or_o permit_v the_o sit_v and_o act_v of_o the_o convocation_n beside_o the_o absolute_a free_a pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o if_o there_o be_v what_o that_o law_n be_v and_o how_o far_o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v by_o it_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n and_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o it_o in_o this_o follow_a method_n i._o i_o will_v inquire_v what_o power_n christian_a prince_n in_o general_a have_v claim_v over_o such_o convocation_n with_o respect_n both_o to_o their_o assemble_v and_o act_v and_o to_o the_o give_a force_n and_o authority_n to_o what_o be_v do_v by_o they_o ii_o i_o will_v consider_v whether_o our_o king_n have_v not_o the_o same_o authority_n over_o our_o convocation_n that_o all_o other_o christian_a prince_n have_v claim_v over_o their_o synod_n and_o iii_o upon_o this_o foundation_n i_o will_v examine_v what_o this_o author_n have_v allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o offer_v what_o i_o conceive_v may_v fair_o be_v reply_v to_o it_o and_o i._o let_v we_o inquire_v what_o power_n christian_a prince_n in_o general_a have_v claim_v over_o their_o synod_n with_o respect_n both_o to_o their_o meeting_n and_o act_v first_o and_o to_o the_o give_a force_n and_o authority_n to_o what_o be_v do_v by_o they_o that_o christian_a prince_n have_v a_o right_n 2._o not_o only_o to_o exercise_v authority_n over_o ecclesiastical_a person_n but_o to_o interpose_v in_o the_o order_n of_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n too_o neither_o our_o own_o article_n and_o canon_n nor_o 2._o the_o consent_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n ever_o since_o the_o empire_n become_v christian_n will_v suffer_v we_o to_o doubt_v there_o be_v no_o one_o so_o great_a a_o stranger_n to_o the_o history_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o not_o to_o know_v what_o authority_n the_o jewish_a prince_n under_o the_o law_n pretend_v to_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n and_o how_o far_o the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n follow_v their_o example_n be_v other_o author_n silent_a yet_o that_o one_o assertion_n of_o socrates_n will_v not_o suffer_v we_o to_o be_v ignorant_a where_o he_o affirm_v that_o ever_o since_o they_o become_v c._n christian_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n have_v depend_v upon_o they_o and_o the_o great_a synod_n be_v assemble_v by_o their_o order_n and_o still_o say_v he_o continue_v to_o be_v assemble_v it_o be_v a_o famous_a say_v of_o constantine_n the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n to_o his_o bishop_n that_o they_o indeed_o be_v bishop_n in_o thing_n 24._o within_o the_o church_n but_o that_o he_o be_v appoint_v by_o god_n to_o be_v bishop_n as_o to_o those_o without_o and_o how_o far_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n continue_v to_o look_v upon_o the_o well_o order_v and_o govern_v of_o the_o church_n to_o be_v one_o great_a part_n of_o that_o duty_n which_o god_n expect_v from_o they_o the_o epistle_n of_o theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n to_o to_o st._n cyril_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o metropolitan_o 35._o who_o they_o summon_v to_o meet_v in_o the_o general_n council_n of_o ephesus_n abundant_o show_v let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o several_a collection_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n etc._n the_o code_n of_o theodosius_n 5._o the_o code_n and_o etc._n novel_n of_o justinian_n the_o yet_o late_a 5._o collection_n of_o basilius_n leo_n and_o constantine_n that_o follow_v after_o how_o many_o constitution_n shall_v we_o find_v in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o relate_n to_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n to_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o the_o church_n to_o the_o election_n and_o consecration_n of_o bishop_n and_o priest_n to_o the_o life_n office_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o the_o erection_n and_o liberty_n of_o church_n to_o the_o service_n of_o they_o nay_o and_o even_o to_o the_o very_a faith_n which_o be_v to_o be_v teach_v and_o profess_v in_o they_o and_o when_o the_o empire_n begin_v to_o be_v parcele_v out_o into_o several_a lesser_a state_n and_o kingdom_n we_o find_v their_o several_a prince_n still_o maintain_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o to_o all_o these_o thing_n that_o the_o emperor_n have_v do_v before_o as_o from_o the_o capitulary_n of_o the_o french_a and_o german_a prince_n the_o collection_n of_o the_o spanish_a council_n our_o own_o etc._n ancient_a law_n and_o the_o history_n which_o remain_v of_o the_o several_a other_o country_n do_v evident_o appear_v but_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n and_o over_o ecclesiastical_a 3._o person_n in_o general_a there_o be_v no_o doubt_n nor_o shall_v there_o one_o will_v think_v be_v any_o more_o whether_o one_o great_a part_n of_o their_o authority_n as_o to_o these_o matter_n have_v not_o always_o be_v account_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n to_o convenâ—_n synod_n and_o to_o order_v whatsoever_o relate_v both_o to_o the_o assemble_v and_o act_v of_o they_o and_o for_o the_o better_a proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o distinct_o consider_v what_o their_o power_n be_v with_o respect_n 1_o to_o the_o call_n of_o such_o synod_n or_o convocation_n 2_o to_o the_o direct_n of_o their_o proceed_n when_o they_o be_v assemble_v and_o 3_o to_o the_o approve_v and_o confirm_v their_o constitution_n afterward_o and_o 1_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o the_o power_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v as_o to_o the_o convening_n of_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n and_o convocation_n it_o have_v ever_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o 4._o great_a part_n of_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n that_o no_o society_n shall_v be_v incorporate_v nor_o any_o company_n be_v allow_v to_o meet_v together_o without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o permission_n the_o roman_a law_n be_v especial_o very_o severe_a as_o to_o this_o particular_a and_o though_o after_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o emperor_n 1._o to_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n a_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o church_n for_o divine_a service_n yet_o before_o that_o tertullian_n who_o understand_v these_o 13._o matter_n as_o well_o as_o any_o one_o of_o his_o time_n though_o he_o excuse_v their_o meeting_n upon_o all_o other_o account_n can_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o they_o fall_v under_o the_o censure_n of_o
â—02_n their_o meeting_n and_o be_v great_o satisfy_v at_o their_o behaviour_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o long_o after_o this_o that_o as_o baronius_n himself_o confess_v theodorick_n summon_v another_o synod_n at_o rome_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o crime_n allege_v against_o symmachus_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v and_o submit_v the_o determination_n of_o that_o affair_n to_o their_o resolution_n and_o when_o caesarius_n bishop_n of_o arles_n desire_v to_o convene_v a_o provincial_a synod_n in_o france_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o ancient_a canon_n and_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o sit_v so_o to_o do_v till_o he_o have_v obtain_v the_o consent_n of_o alaric_n the_o goth_n for_o it_o and_o it_o be_v express_o note_v that_o concenisset_fw-la it_o be_v hold_v by_o his_o allowance_n what_o caesarius_n here_o do_v with_o respect_n to_o alaric_n a_o arrian_n prince_n the_o same_o do_v avitus_n bishop_n of_o vienne_n with_o regard_n to_o sigismond_n the_o son_n of_o gundebald_a king_n of_o the_o burgundian_n who_o he_o have_v not_o prooem_n long_o before_o convert_v to_o the_o catholic_n faith_n he_o call_v even_o his_o provincial_a synod_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o though_o himself_o metropolitan_a of_o that_o district_n yet_o preside_v in_o it_o by_o the_o prince_n order_n such_o be_v the_o authority_n by_o which_o these_o lesser_a synod_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v hold_v immediate_o upon_o the_o break_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o prevalence_n of_o the_o papal_a power_n begin_v to_o overthrow_v the_o prince_n right_a will_v appear_v from_o a_o short_a view_n of_o this_o matter_n in_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a state_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o and_o 1._o that_o this_o be_v so_o in_o the_o kingdom_n 8._o of_o spain_n the_o council_n of_o toledo_n the_o most_o eminent_a of_o any_o in_o that_o country_n both_o for_o number_n and_o authority_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o second_o sin_n of_o these_o be_v call_v by_o the_o permission_n of_o amalaric_n the_o synod_n itself_o own_v but_o the_o three_o and_o i_o think_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o they_o all_o be_v yet_o more_o full_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o be_v a_o general_n council_n of_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o it_o the_o goth_n adjure_v their_o heresy_n and_o embrace_v the_o catholic_n faith_n this_o faith_n be_v first_o establish_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o council_n and_o several_a very_o useful_a canon_n be_v frame_v by_o it_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o command_n of_o 589_o reccaredus_n their_o king_n who_o with_o badda_n his_o queen_n subscribe_v to_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n in_o it_o and_o make_v not_o only_o his_o bishop_n but_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o subscribe_v to_o it_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a for_o i_o after_o so_o clear_a a_o evidence_n as_o this_o synod_n have_v give_v we_o of_o the_o authority_n by_o which_o council_n be_v ancient_o convene_v in_o spain_n to_o spend_v any_o long_a time_n in_o the_o particular_a examination_n of_o the_o several_a council_n that_o follow_v after_o it_o shall_v therefore_o suffice_v bare_o to_o say_v thus_o much_o that_o the_o four_o of_o toledo_n another_o national_a council_n and_o of_o great_a authority_n in_o those_o part_n meet_v subscript_n by_o the_o order_n of_o sisenandus_n as_o the_o three_o have_v do_v by_o that_o of_o reccaredus_n the_o five_o by_o the_o command_n of_o cinthila_n who_o also_o confirm_v the_o act_n of_o it_o the_o six_o 1â—28_n of_o cinthilan_n the_o seven_o of_o chindaswind_n the_o eight_o of_o recceswinthus_n the_o rest_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n which_o follow_v after_o as_o from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o the_o last_o of_o these_o synod_n it_o do_v evident_o appear_v as_o for_o their_o provincial_a synod_n they_o be_v not_o indeed_o always_o summon_v by_o the_o express_a particular_a order_n of_o those_o prince_n but_o yet_o even_a these_o be_v hold_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o authority_n which_o the_o three_o great_a council_n of_o toledo_n under_o tolet._n reccaredus_n before_o mention_v have_v give_v to_o they_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o allowance_n that_o the_o synod_n of_o narbonne_n and_o saragosa_n 592._o be_v assemble_v and_o in_o both_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o meet_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o to_o the_o appointment_n of_o that_o council_n 2._o and_o the_o same_o authority_n which_o these_o 9_o king_n use_v in_o spain_n do_v their_o next_o neighbour_n the_o suevian_a prince_n exercise_n in_o galaecia_n during_o the_o time_n of_o their_o empire_n there_o the_o second_o council_n of_o braga_n the_o metropolis_n praef._n of_o that_o country_n be_v express_o declare_v to_o have_v meet_v at_o the_o command_n of_o ariamirus_n or_o as_o some_o have_v rather_o think_v of_o theodimirus_fw-la their_o king_n it_o be_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n that_o the_o synod_n of_o lugo_n not_o long_o after_o be_v assemble_v 607._o to_o divide_v the_o country_n into_o several_a province_n and_o to_o erect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o bishopric_n in_o it_o and_o when_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o division_n the_o clergy_n of_o that_o country_n be_v come_v together_o in_o two_o provincial_a synod_n under_o their_o respective_a metropolitan_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n in_o that_o behalf_n miro_n his_o successor_n order_v praefat._n they_o to_o meet_v both_o together_o in_o a_o general_n council_n at_o braga_n and_o there_o agree_v upon_o such_o constitution_n as_o they_o shall_v find_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n to_o require_v 3._o if_o from_o hence_o we_o cross_v over_o to_o the_o 10._o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n we_o shall_v find_v those_o prince_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o right_n over_o their_o synod_n that_o the_o other_o king_n have_v be_v show_v to_o have_v exercise_v the_o inscription_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o lion_n assemble_v about_o the_o year_n 567_o show_v that_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o command_n of_o guntramn_v their_o king_n who_o also_o not_o long_o after_o assemble_v another_o synod_n at_o challon_n as_o gregory_n of_o tours_n inform_v we_o 28._o it_o be_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o same_o guntramn_v that_o the_o great_a council_n of_o mascon_n 581._o be_v hold_v and_o when_o that_o have_v not_o sufficient_o restore_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n he_o not_o only_o assemble_v another_o at_o 1._o lion_n but_o more_o in_o several_a other_o place_n etc._n at_o valence_n poitiers_n mascon_n etc._n etc._n all_o who_o act_v express_o avow_v the_o authority_n by_o which_o they_o meet_v 4._o in_o germany_n carloman_n first_o and_o then_o 11._o charles_n the_o emperor_n as_o they_o be_v the_o great_a restorer_n of_o religion_n and_o assertor_n of_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n so_o will_v they_o afford_v we_o a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o prince_n authority_n in_o this_o particular_a it_o be_v the_o former_a of_o these_o who_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o clergy_n and_o noble_n praef_n call_v the_o council_n of_o ratisbon_n which_o be_v account_v among_o the_o first_o of_o germany_n an._n 742._o and_o how_o the_o other_o continue_v 1152._o by_o the_o same_o authority_n to_o summon_v the_o like_a assembly_n the_o several_a synod_n of_o worm_n valenciennes_n aix_n la_o chappelle_n but_o especial_o the_o two_o great_a council_n of_o praefat._n mentz_n and_o i._n frankford_n in_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o not_o only_o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n but_o of_o france_n and_o aquitain_n be_v assemble_v together_o and_o over_o all_o who_o charles_n the_o emperor_n preside_v abundant_o show_v no_o soon_o be_v this_o great_a prince_n dead_a but_o ludovicus_n pius_n his_o successor_n after_o his_o example_n call_v together_o his_o clergy_n to_o aix-la-chappelle_a for_o the_o correction_n of_o 816._o the_o negligence_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o for_o the_o better_a regulate_v of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o have_v full_o determine_v ibid._n whatsoever_o be_v think_v expedient_a in_o order_n thereunto_o he_o command_v a_o strict_a obedience_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o constitution_n which_o have_v be_v make_v by_o they_o and_o when_o this_o do_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o correct_v the_o abuse_n of_o those_o time_n he_o not_o only_o summon_v a_o second_o council_n to_o meet_v at_o the_o 836._o same_o place_n but_o be_v meet_v he_o propose_v to_o they_o such_o head_n as_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v far_a necessary_a with_o respect_n both_o to_o the_o life_n and_o doctrine_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o order_v the_o
synod_n to_o frame_v their_o debate_n upon_o they_o when_o this_o emperor_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o difference_n between_o his_o son_n appease_v lewis_n to_o who_o the_o government_n of_o germany_n fall_v after_o his_o father_n example_n call_v the_o great_a council_n of_o mayence_n to_o regulate_v those_o disorder_n which_o the_o late_a praef._n distraction_n have_v bring_v into_o the_o church_n and_o because_o many_o thing_n remain_v which_o can_v not_o then_o be_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o he_o the_o next_o year_n after_o assemble_v another_o synod_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o they_o it_o be_v about_o twenty_o year_n after_o this_o that_o the_o same_o lewis_n convene_v a_o general_n council_n at_o worm_n and_o there_o in_o 868._o like_a manner_n order_v many_o thing_n relate_v both_o to_o the_o faith_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n it_o be_v not_o long_o after_o that_o arnulph_n his_o 467._o nephew_n have_v obtain_v the_o empire_n call_v together_o in_o like_a manner_n his_o bishop_n to_o a_o great_a council_n at_o trebur_n preside_v and_o assist_v in_o it_o and_o cause_v what_o be_v do_v not_o only_o to_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o bishop_n who_o he_o have_v assemble_v but_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o great_a number_n both_o of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o of_o the_o laity_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o last_o not_o to_o metion_n any_o more_o henry_n the_o first_o after_o the_o example_n of_o his_o predecessor_n by_o his_o princely_a command_n assemble_v the_o great_a synod_n at_o erpsford_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o 591._o his_o great_a man_n and_o particular_o of_o archbishop_n hildibert_n who_o be_v chief_o consider_v by_o he_o 5._o and_o now_o have_v thus_o full_o show_v 12._o what_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o these_o prince_n in_o germany_n i_o may_v spare_v myself_o and_o reader_n the_o trouble_n of_o inquire_v into_o the_o method_n use_v in_o france_n which_o be_v general_o either_o in_o the_o same_o hand_n or_o govern_v by_o those_o of_o the_o same_o family_n that_o the_o empire_n in_o those_o day_n be_v yet_o because_o i_o think_v the_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n be_v no_o where_o better_o keep_v up_o or_o more_o exact_o follow_v than_o in_o that_o country_n and_o that_o i_o conceive_v our_o own_o synod_n be_v very_o much_o frame_v by_o the_o pattern_n of_o they_o i_o will_v take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o their_o convention_n also_o and_o so_o conclude_v these_o first_o general_n remark_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o first_o of_o their_o christian_a king_n clovis_n the_o great_a and_o here_o we_o find_v that_o he_o not_o only_o call_v the_o first_o council_n of_o orleans_n and_o which_o have_v 511._o ever_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o model_n and_o pattern_n to_o all_o their_o succeed_a synod_n but_o moreover_o prescribe_v to_o it_o the_o point_n on_o which_o it_o be_v to_o debate_v and_o all_o this_o at_o the_o desire_n and_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o st._n remigius_n as_o hincmarus_n in_o the_o history_n of_o his_o life_n inform_v us._n it_o be_v by_o the_o like_a command_n of_o childebert_n praef._n and_o his_o brethren_n that_o the_o second_o council_n of_o the_o same_o place_n be_v hold_v the_o synod_n of_o clermont_n the_o next_o of_o any_o consequence_n praef._n that_o meet_v in_o france_n assemble_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o king_n theodebert_n and_o so_o do_v that_o of_o tours_n afterward_o with_o praef._n the_o like_a consent_n and_o allowance_n of_o charibert_n the_o five_o council_n of_o paris_n not_o only_o etc._n declare_v that_o it_o be_v assemble_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o clotharius_n but_o tell_v we_o that_o their_o assemble_v by_o his_o authority_n be_v as_o indeed_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n who_o have_v go_v before_o them_o and_o the_o synod_n of_o chalons_n own_v in_o like_a manner_n that_o it_o meet_v together_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o call_v and_o command_n of_o clovis_n the_o second_o their_o regis_fw-la king_n it_o be_v by_o the_o royal_a authority_n of_o pepin_n council_n that_o a_o general_n council_n be_v hold_v in_o his_o palace_n at_o vernis_fw-la anno_fw-la 755._o of_o charles_n the_o great_a that_o the_o second_o council_n of_o praefat._n rheims_n and_o the_o three_o of_o tours_n â—ere_z convened_a of_o lovis_n the_o emperor_n and_o his_o son_n lotharius_n that_o the_o 1596._o six_o council_n of_o paris_n be_v call_v and_o last_o not_o to_o instance_n in_o any_o more_o of_o charles_n the_o bald_a that_o the_o 53._o synod_n of_o quierzy_n be_v assemble_v for_o reform_v man_n manner_n and_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o that_o corruption_n in_o point_n of_o faith_n too_o which_o be_v about_o that_o time_n suppose_v to_o be_v break_v out_o in_o those_o part_n whaâ—_n the_o practice_n of_o our_o own_o country_n 13._o have_v be_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v particular_o consider_v when_o i_o come_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o right_n of_o our_o own_o king_n in_o this_o respect_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n from_o the_o account_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v give_v of_o that_o authority_n by_o which_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v together_o into_o synod_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o in_o fact_n no_o council_n have_v meet_v without_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n ever_o since_o the_o empire_n become_v christian_a so_o neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o clergy_n have_v ever_o make_v any_o complaint_n against_o they_o as_o usurp_v herein_o upon_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n or_o plead_v any_o privilege_n as_o of_o divine_a authority_n for_o their_o meeting_n and_o act_v against_o their_o consent_n but_o to_o the_o end_v it_o may_v the_o more_o evident_o appear_v how_o far_o the_o power_n of_o christian_a prince_n have_v be_v account_v to_o extend_v as_o to_o this_o particular_a i_o shall_v to_o that_o general_a deduction_n i_o have_v now_o make_v of_o the_o authority_n by_o which_o the_o church_n have_v be_v accustom_v from_o the_o beginning_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o council_n subjoin_v a_o few_o more_o particular_a remark_n for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o this_o whole_a matter_n and_o one_a it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o 14._o though_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v general_o advise_v with_o his_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n upon_o these_o occasion_n and_o ask_v their_o opinion_n whether_o it_o be_v fit_v or_o not_o to_o call_v a_o synod_n before_o he_o have_v give_v order_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o it_o yet_o be_v this_o never_o look_v upon_o as_o any_o matter_n of_o right_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a prince_n have_v oftentimes_o assemble_v such_o council_n without_o ever_o consult_v they_o at_o all_o and_o at_o other_o when_o their_o bishop_n have_v not_o only_o advise_v but_o desire_v they_o so_o to_o do_v have_v yet_o upon_o their_o own_o judgement_n or_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o council_n utter_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o their_o request_n if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o act_n of_o the_o several_a synod_n i_o have_v before_o mention_v we_o shall_v find_v indeed_o sometime_o that_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v take_v for_o their_o meeting_n but_o we_o shall_v often_o find_v they_o call_v by_o the_o prince_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o great_a man_n and_o yet_o often_o no_o notice_n at_o all_o take_v of_o the_o advice_n of_o either_o how_o often_o do_v liberius_n and_o the_o catholic_n etc._n bishop_n in_o vain_a petition_n constantius_n that_o a_o free_a and_o orthodox_n council_n may_v be_v call_v to_o judge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o athanasius_n but_o can_v never_o obtain_v it_o and_o though_o the_o method_n take_v by_o that_o emperor_n to_o manage_v that_o affair_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o arian_n and_o the_o refusal_n of_o such_o a_o council_n as_o be_v desire_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o enmity_n he_o have_v conceive_v against_o they_o and_o their_o doctrine_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v the_o catholic_n bishop_n any_o where_o complain_v that_o in_o this_o the_o emperor_n do_v any_o more_o than_o what_o he_o have_v authority_n to_o do_v or_o pretend_v to_o any_o original_a ecclesiastical_a power_n leave_v they_o by_o christ_n to_o call_v such_o a_o synod_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o no._n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o the_o urgency_n of_o that_o affair_n and_o the_o eager_a desire_n they_o have_v to_o end_v it_o neither_o liberius_n nor_o any_o other_o attempt_v to_o meet_v against_o the_o emperor_n command_n but_o quiet_o submit_v to_o the_o prohibition_n he_o have_v lay_v upon_o they_o not_o to_o do_v so_o so_o little_o do_v the_o great_a bishop_n of_o the_o church_n in_o those_o day_n think_v it_o lawful_a to_o hold_v a_o council_n against_o the_o prince_n will_n that_o be_v forbid_v by_o a_o heretical_a emperor_n and_o that_o against_o
all_o right_a and_o justice_n on_o purpose_n that_o he_o may_v oppress_v they_o so_o to_o do_v they_o yet_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o suffer_v by_o their_o obedience_n than_o to_o usurp_v a_o authority_n which_o they_o be_v sensible_a do_v not_o belong_v to_o them_o but_o lest_o this_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v only_o the_o perverseness_n of_o a_o heretical_a prince_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o power_n both_o claim_v and_o exercise_v by_o the_o most_o orthodox_n emperor_n and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o all_o respect_n the_o most_o zealous_a for_o the_o church_n interest_n when_o eutyches_n begin_v to_o corrupt_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o it_o be_v think_v necessary_a that_o a_o general_n council_n shall_v be_v call_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o his_o error_n leo_n 〈…〉_z bishop_n of_o rome_n petition_v theodosius_n with_o all_o imaginable_a earnestness_n that_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o let_v a_o synod_n be_v assemble_v in_o italy_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o it_o this_o the_o emperor_n utter_o refuse_v to_o do_v and_o order_v the_o council_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o ephesus_n and_o the_o good_a bishop_n be_v so_o far_o from_o complain_v of_o it_o that_o he_o submit_v to_o his_o summons_n and_o thank_v he_o that_o he_o will_v at_o least_o vouchsafe_v to_o have_v it_o there_o and_o when_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o dioscorus_n that_o council_n answer_v not_o what_o be_v expect_v from_o it_o the_o same_o leo_n not_o only_o 〈…〉_z supplicate_v the_o emperor_n again_o with_o tear_n and_o groan_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o west_n that_o he_o will_v command_v another_o council_n to_o be_v hold_v somewhere_o in_o the_o west_n to_o determine_v that_o affair_n but_o moreover_o engage_v valentinian_n and_o eudoxia_n his_o wife_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o great_a note_n to_o join_v in_o the_o same_o request_n with_o he_o but_o theodosius_n not_o 〈…〉_z only_o now_o refuse_v he_o as_o to_o the_o place_n but_o deny_v he_o as_o to_o the_o call_n of_o any_o other_o synod_n nor_o will_v he_o be_v persuade_v to_o suffer_v any_o other_o to_o meet_v as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o this_o bring_v i_o to_o a_o 2d_o observation_n 15._o which_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o upon_o this_o occasion_n viz._n that_o whenever_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v refuse_v to_o call_v a_o synod_n though_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n have_v never_o so_o much_o seem_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o one_o and_o the_o bishop_n have_v never_o so_o earnest_o desire_v one_o yet_o have_v they_o quiet_o submit_v to_o the_o refusal_n and_o not_o presume_v on_o any_o pretence_n of_o right_n which_o they_o have_v in_o themselves_o to_o meet_v together_o without_o his_o leave_n or_o against_o his_o consent_n so_o liberius_n and_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n do_v to_o constantius_n first_o and_o leo_n and_o the_o western_a bishop_n to_o theodosius_n afterward_o and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v difficult_a in_o those_o best_a and_o most_o early_a time_n of_o the_o church_n to_o find_v out_o any_o instance_n wherein_o the_o orthodox_n bishop_n have_v ever_o depart_v from_o this_o rule_n or_o which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n have_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o church_n in_o those_o case_n in_o which_o they_o have_v depart_v from_o it_o nay_o but_o 3_o though_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a first_o and_o after_o that_o several_z other_z 16._o synod_n provide_v for_o the_o constant_a meeting_n of_o provincial_a council_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n every_o year_n and_o these_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o prince_n who_o confirm_v those_o canon_n and_o approve_v of_o what_o they_o have_v define_v may_v seem_v to_o have_v put_v these_o kind_n of_o synod_n at_o least_o out_o of_o their_o power_n yet_o even_o in_o these_o we_o find_v they_o still_o continue_v to_o exercise_n their_o authority_n and_o not_o suffer_v even_o such_o council_n to_o be_v hold_v without_o their_o leave_n or_o against_o their_o consent_n i_o have_v before_o observe_v how_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n restrain_v theodoret_n when_o he_o think_v he_o too_o buisy_n in_o call_v together_o the_o bishop_n to_o these_o lesser_a synod_n and_o when_o in_o after_o time_n wolfolendus_fw-la bishop_n of_o bourge_n summon_v a_o provincial_a council_n according_a to_o these_o canon_n to_o meet_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n yet_o 143._o have_v neglect_v to_o consult_v the_o king_n pleasure_n in_o it_o we_o find_v sigebert_n for_o that_o reason_n alone_o send_v a_o prohibition_n to_o his_o bishop_n to_o go_v to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v worthy_a our_o notice_n for_o what_o reason_n he_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o its_o assemble_v he_o profess_v he_o be_v well_o content_a that_o they_o shall_v meet_v some_o other_o time_n always_o provide_v that_o they_o first_o make_v he_o acquaint_v with_o it_o that_o so_o he_o may_v consider_v whether_o he_o shall_v allow_v of_o it_o as_o proper_a either_o for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o otherwise_o fit_a to_o be_v consent_v to_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o five_o council_n 26._o of_o paris_n have_v resolve_v that_o it_o be_v expedient_a that_o provincial_a synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o canonical_a custom_n establish_v in_o it_o they_o make_v it_o their_o request_n to_o lovis_n the_o emperor_n and_o lotharius_n 11._o his_o son_n that_o they_o will_v consent_v that_o at_o a_o fit_a season_n every_o year_n they_o may_v be_v assemble_v this_o request_n be_v again_o renew_v some_o year_n after_o in_o another_o synod_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o general_a permission_n before_o they_o do_v 7._o come_v together_o they_o be_v to_o have_v a_o particular_a warrant_n for_o their_o so_o do_v as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o synod_n of_o soissons_fw-fr 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magistrate_n have_v a_o right_a to_o prescribe_v to_o they_o the_o matter_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o debate_n it_o be_v one_o great_a end_n which_o the_o prince_n 21._o propose_v to_o himself_o in_o call_v of_o such_o assembly_n to_o take_v their_o advice_n in_o thing_n pertain_v to_o the_o church_n for_o the_o prince_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o that_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o state_n and_o concern_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o one_o no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o other_o oughts_z according_o to_o have_v his_o council_n with_o which_o to_o consult_v of_o the_o thing_n pertain_v to_o both_o now_o as_o in_o civil_a matter_n he_o have_v his_o minister_n of_o state_n and_o the_o council_n of_o his_o great_a man_n or_o people_n to_o advise_v he_o how_o to_o manage_v his_o secular_a concern_v so_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o a_o pure_a ecclesiastical_a nature_n it_o have_v general_o be_v the_o method_n of_o christian_a prince_n to_o take_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n either_o single_a or_o convene_v together_o as_o the_o importance_n or_o difficulty_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n have_v prompt_v they_o to_o do_v but_o then_o if_o this_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o synod_n be_v call_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o prince_n must_v have_v a_o right_n not_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o supreme_a authority_n but_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o propose_v to_o they_o the_o subject_a on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o proceed_v it_o be_v absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o either_o a_o particular_a person_n shall_v be_v send_v for_o or_o a_o body_n of_o man_n be_v convene_v on_o purpose_n to_o give_v the_o prince_n their_o advice_n and_o the_o prince_n not_o be_v leave_v to_o propose_v his_o doubt_n to_o they_o and_o show_v they_o wherein_o it_o be_v that_o he_o needs_o or_o desire_n their_o opinion_n now_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o prince_n 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bishop_n to_o require_v their_o come_n together_o sometime_o only_a a_o glance_n have_v in_o general_a be_v give_v in_o those_o at_o their_o business_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v reserve_v to_o be_v more_o full_o open_v to_o they_o at_o their_o convention_n and_o that_o also_o have_v be_v do_v sometime_o by_o a_o synodical_a epistle_n or_o commission_n send_v to_o they_o sometime_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n and_o that_o again_o either_o by_o the_o prince_n himself_o if_o he_o have_v think_v fit_a as_o oftentimes_o prince_n have_v to_o sit_v with_o they_o or_o by_o some_o other_o person_n who_o he_o have_v depute_v to_o declare_v his_o will_n to_o they_o but_o how_o great_a a_o variety_n soever_o there_o 23._o have_v be_v in_o the_o method_n that_o have_v be_v take_v to_o lay_v open_a their_o business_n to_o they_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o as_o the_o call_n of_o such_o assembly_n have_v always_o depend_v upon_o the_o consent_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n so_o when_o they_o be_v assemble_v the_o subject_a of_o their_o debate_n have_v be_v prescribe_v they_o by_o the_o same_o power_n and_o they_o have_v deliberate_v on_o nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v be_v direct_v or_o allow_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o do_v when_o constantine_n the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n be_v desirous_a to_o restore_v that_o peace_n to_o the_o church_n which_o the_o heresy_n of_o arius_n and_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a church_n about_o the_o time_n of_o keep_v easter_n have_v so_o dangerous_o break_v assemble_v the_o first_o general_n council_n of_o nice_a eusebius_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o the_o 12._o open_v of_o it_o he_o earnest_o exhort_v the_o bishop_n by_o their_o wise_a resolution_n to_o settle_v all_o thing_n in_o quiet_a and_o unity_n and_o according_o the_o subject_a of_o their_o debate_n turn_v upon_o those_o two_o point_n and_o constantine_n himself_o both_o assist_v at_o they_o 〈◊〉_d and_o consent_v to_o what_o be_v resolve_v concern_v them_o when_o this_o do_v not_o prevail_v but_o that_o the_o arian_n faction_n be_v resolve_v at_o any_o rate_n to_o ruin_n athanasius_n and_o since_o they_o can_v not_o corrupt_v the_o catholic_n faith_n be_v determine_v at_o least_o to_o overwhelm_v he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o main_a supporter_n of_o it_o and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o another_o synod_n be_v obtain_v of_o the_o emperor_n to_o meet_v at_o tyre_n the_o same_o constantine_n not_o only_o prescribe_v they_o their_o business_n viz._n to_o examine_v 43._o into_o the_o dissension_n of_o the_o church_n of_o egypt_n but_o send_v dionysius_n in_o his_o own_o stead_n to_o be_v present_a at_o their_o assembly_n and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o his_o order_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n observe_v by_o they_o and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o method_n which_o constantius_n his_o son_n observe_v as_o to_o these_o matter_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o his_o management_n of_o the_o great_a synod_n of_o arminum_fw-la in_o 17._o which_o above_o 400_o bishop_n be_v by_o his_o order_n assemble_v he_o command_v they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o debate_v the_o matter_n of_o faith_n then_o to_o judge_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o bishop_n who_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v be_v unjust_o either_o depose_v or_o banish_v after_o that_o to_o examine_v the_o crime_n lay_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o certain_a other_o and_o last_o have_v do_v what_o he_o have_v command_v they_o to_o do_v to_o send_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o their_o body_n to_o he_o to_o account_v to_o he_o what_o have_v be_v resolve_v by_o them_o but_o above_o all_o most_o plain_a be_v that_o authority_n which_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n show_v in_o this_o particular_a 436._o at_o the_o general_n council_n of_o ephesus_n they_o not_o only_o declare_v at_o large_a to_o the_o father_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n in_o the_o letter_n of_o summons_n which_o they_o send_v to_o the_o several_a metropolitan_o but_o when_o they_o be_v meet_v together_o they_o send_v a_o synodical_a epistle_n to_o they_o by_o candidian_n and_o appoint_v he_o to_o preside_v over_o they_o in_o their_o stead_n both_o to_o preserve_v a_o due_a freedom_n of_o vote_v and_o debate_v among_o they_o and_o also_o not_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o enter_v upon_o any_o other_o matter_n till_o they_o have_v first_o come_v to_o a_o resolution_n in_o that_o for_o which_o they_o be_v call_v together_o and_o when_o candidian_n report_v to_o the_o emperor_n that_o the_o bishop_n have_v not_o stick_v so_o close_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o their_o prescription_n the_o emperor_n 7â—4_n not_o only_o severe_o reprove_v they_o for_o their_o presumption_n but_o annul_v their_o act_n and_o command_v they_o to_o have_v a_o better_a regard_n both_o to_o the_o business_n and_o method_n which_o they_o have_v lay_v before_o them_o
but_o be_v moreover_o at_o liberty_n to_o determine_v both_o the_o manner_n and_o the_o method_n of_o their_o proceed_n in_o them_o now_o this_o as_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o peace_n and_o order_n both_o of_o the_o member_n of_o every_o such_o assembly_n and_o of_o those_o who_o meet_v together_o upon_o the_o occasion_n or_o account_v of_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n right_a as_o he_o be_v a_o civil_a governor_n to_o keep_v all_o his_o subject_n clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n under_o a_o due_a restraint_n and_o not_o permit_v any_o tumult_n or_o disorder_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o they_o but_o the_o prince_n have_v a_o authority_n as_o to_o these_o matter_n beyond_o this_o viz._n to_o prescribe_v not_o only_o the_o subject_a upon_o which_o synod_n be_v to_o debate_v but_o withal_o after_o what_o manner_n and_o in_o what_o order_n they_o shall_v proceed_v to_o debate_v upon_o it._n and_o to_o this_o end_v it_o be_v as_o well_o as_o for_o peace_n and_o quietness_n sake_n that_o when_o they_o be_v not_o present_v themselves_o they_o common_o depute_v some_o commissioner_n in_o their_o stead_n to_o hold_v the_o father_n to_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o they_o be_v order_v to_o proceed_v and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o meddle_v with_o any_o other_o matter_n than_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o they_o or_o with_o those_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o prince_n have_v appoint_v they_o to_o do_v it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o constantine_n 452._o who_o himself_o have_v moderate_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o nice_a send_v dionysius_n to_o preside_v in_o that_o of_o tyre_n that_o he_o may_v overlook_v their_o action_n and_o especial_o take_v care_n that_o a_o due_a order_n be_v keep_v among_o them_o but_o most_o evident_a be_v the_o account_n which_o we_o have_v of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o famous_a conference_n between_o the_o catholic_n and_o donatist_n at_o carthage_n anno_fw-la 411._o for_o the_o regulate_v of_o which_o as_o honorius_n and_o theodofius_fw-la 31._o the_o emperor_n appoint_v marcellinus_n to_o be_v their_o commissioner_n so_o the_o order_n which_o he_o thereupon_o publish_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o it_o abundant_o show_v how_o far_o their_o authority_n as_o to_o these_o matter_n extend_v for_o first_o he_o declare_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o both_o part_n that_o but_o seven_o of_o a_o side_n shall_v speak_v yet_o so_o that_o seven_o more_o shall_v be_v present_a with_o who_o those_o who_o speak_v might_n at_o any_o time_n go_v aside_o and_o confer_v in_o private_a about_o any_o thing_n that_o shall_v arise_v to_o be_v debate_v at_o that_o meeting_n next_o he_o appoint_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o the_o conference_n and_o forbid_v any_o consluence_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n or_o of_o the_o laity_n of_o either_o part_n to_o come_v to_o it_o and_o last_o to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o conference_n may_v final_o conclude_v these_o kind_n of_o dispute_n he_o oblige_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o each_o side_n to_o promise_n under_o their_o hand_n that_o they_o will_v abide_v by_o whatever_o their_o delegate_n do_v and_o that_o no_o exception_n may_v be_v take_v at_o the_o report_n of_o the_o conference_n he_o order_v they_o to_o choose_v four_o notary_n out_o of_o their_o clergy_n to_o transcribe_v what_o be_v speak_v and_o that_o four_o bishop_n of_o a_o side_n shall_v be_v nominate_v to_o overlook_v those_o notary_n and_o see_v what_o be_v transcribe_v and_o digest_v by_o they_o and_o that_o whatsoever_o any_o one_o say_v shall_v immediate_o be_v sign_v first_o by_o marcellinus_n himself_o and_o then_o by_o he_o who_o speak_v it_o that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v no_o contradiction_n make_v to_o the_o sincerity_n of_o that_o account_n which_o shall_v afterward_o be_v give_v of_o it_o these_o be_v the_o rule_n which_o marcellinus_n by_o the_o emperor_n authority_n prescribe_v for_o the_o proceed_n in_o that_o conference_n and_o according_a to_o these_o measure_n both_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o proceed_v in_o it_o it_o will_v betray_v a_o desire_n to_o cavil_v rather_o than_o assord_v any_o solid_a exception_n to_o this_o instance_n to_o dispute_v whether_o this_o meeting_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v a_o synod_n see_v it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n upon_o a_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o there_o can_v no_o reason_n be_v give_v why_o if_o the_o emperor_n have_v so_o much_o authority_n over_o such_o a_o assembly_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v as_o great_a a_o power_n over_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n but_o yet_o that_o all_o possible_a exception_n may_v be_v remove_v as_o to_o this_o particular_a i_o will_v further_o show_v from_o the_o instance_n of_o several_a undoubted_a and_o even_o general_a synod_n that_o he_o have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o direct_v their_o proceed_n as_o those_o of_o any_o other_o convention_n when_o theodosius_n appoint_v candidian_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o father_n in_o the_o general_n council_n of_o ephesus_n his_o commission_n be_v limit_v and_o he_o be_v 35._o order_v only_o to_o see_v that_o the_o monk_n and_o laity_n raise_v no_o disturbance_n in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o bishop_n do_v not_o fall_v into_o any_o quarrel_n among_o themselves_o and_o that_o every_o one_o have_v his_o liberty_n to_o vote_n free_o in_o it_o but_o much_o large_a be_v the_o commission_n which_o the_o same_o emperor_n give_v to_o elpidius_n labb_n in_o the_o next_o synod_n which_o meet_v at_o that_o place_n he_o appoint_v he_o not_o only_o to_o look_v to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o synod_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v perceive_v any_o one_o go_v about_o to_o raise_v any_o tumult_n or_o disorder_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o our_o holy_a faith_n he_o shall_v commit_v he_o to_o safe_a custody_n and_o send_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o the_o emperor_n he_o further_o command_v he_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o father_n proceed_v in_o order_n upon_o the_o matter_n that_o come_v before_o they_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v present_a when_o they_o judge_v of_o they_o and_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o bring_v the_o holy_a synod_n to_o a_o speedy_a and_o circumspect_a examination_n of_o the_o business_n which_o they_o meet_v about_o this_o be_v a_o commission_n that_o come_v full_o up_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n and_o how_o exact_a elpidius_n and_o his_o companion_n eulogius_n be_v in_o hold_v the_o father_n to_o the_o rule_v deliver_v to_o they_o the_o act_n of_o this_o synod_n when_o remove_v to_o chalcedon_n do_v abundant_o show_v but_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o in_o so_o clear_a a_o point_n to_o represent_v this_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o first_o council_n of_o ephesus_n before_o mention_v and_o so_o conclude_v this_o consideration_n theodosius_n have_v summon_v a_o general_n etc._n council_n to_o meet_v at_o ephesus_n and_o as_o be_v before_o observe_v appoint_v candidian_a to_o be_v his_o commissioner_n at_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v order_v to_o come_v to_o it_o according_o arrive_v at_o ephesus_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n but_o it_o happen_v that_o john_n the_o patriarch_n of_o antioeh_n be_v hinder_v fifteen_o day_n in_o come_v to_o ephesus_n write_v to_o cyril_n patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n and_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n not_o to_o tarry_v any_o long_o for_o he_o but_o to_o proceed_v in_o his_o business_n without_o he_o the_o synod_n thereupon_o summon_v nestorius_n to_o appear_v before_o they_o this_o nestorius_n refuse_v and_o in_o his_o excuse_n plead_v that_o the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n with_o his_o metropolitan_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v the_o father_n be_v not_o accept_v this_o excuse_n after_o several_a summons_n send_v to_o he_o proceed_v to_o examine_v his_o doctrine_n and_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o his_o deposition_n it_o be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a while_n after_o this_o that_o john_n the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n arrive_v at_o ephesus_n and_o be_v angry_a that_o the_o council_n have_v end_v this_o matter_n without_o he_o form_v another_o synod_n consist_v of_o about_o thirty_o metropolitan_o that_o come_v with_o he_o and_o depose_v cyril_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o memnon_n bishop_n of_o ephesus_n for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v in_o requital_n whereof_o cyril_n and_o the_o council_n suspend_v both_o john_n and_o his_o synod_n for_o proceed_v by_o themselves_o in_o so_o un-canonical_a and_o unjustifiable_a a_o manner_n candidian_n who_o in_o all_o this_o have_v favour_v the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n report_v what_o have_v be_v do_v on_o both_o side_n to_o theodosius_n and_o theodosius_n immediate_o rescind_v all_o that_o have_v pass_v upon_o this_o account_n
first_o place_n resolve_v that_o a_o synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n and_o that_o the_o emperor_n 145._o be_v present_a the_o decree_n of_o the_o canon_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v amend_v and_o how_o far_o the_o design_n of_o this_o canon_n be_v to_o extend_v may_v at_o large_a be_v see_v in_o the_o injunction_n make_v thereupon_o by_o the_o emperor_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o collection_n of_o the_o same_o capitulary_n according_a to_o the_o edition_n of_o benedictus_n levita_n pag._n 823._o num._n two_o ibid._n and_o now_o if_o from_o germany_n we_o pass_v into_o 30._o france_n we_o shall_v there_o also_o meet_v with_o the_o like_a practice_n it_o be_v the_o constant_a method_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o empire_n to_o preside_v over_o his_o clergy_n thus_o we_o see_v he_o do_v in_o most_o of_o those_o synod_n who_o act_n remain_v to_o we_o and_o in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o st._n 1036._o germains_n wherein_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o langre_n be_v transcribe_v the_o first_o chapter_n carry_v this_o inscription_n out_o of_o the_o council_n of_o bishop_n where_o charles_n the_o emperor_n preside_v and_o charles_n the_o bald_a not_o 80._o only_o sit_v in_o the_o second_o council_n of_o soissons_fw-fr anno_fw-la 853_o but_o propose_v to_o the_o father_n what_o he_o desire_v they_o shall_v debate_v about_o and_o oftentimes_o prescribe_v to_o their_o very_a resolution_n also_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o may_v now_o i_o conceive_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o 31._o prince_n have_v a_o right_a either_o to_o preside_v over_o his_o synod_n in_o person_n or_o if_o he_o rather_o think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v his_o commissioner_n to_o do_v it_o in_o his_o stead_n the_o only_a difficulty_n will_v be_v to_o determine_v how_o far_o he_o may_v be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o synod_n and_o be_v allow_v not_o only_o to_o preside_v over_o it_o but_o also_o to_o sit_v and_o vote_n in_o it_o and_o one_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o one_o great_a end_n of_o his_o sit_v there_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o to_o see_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v regular_o and_o quiet_o transact_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n in_o they_o so_o it_o must_v also_o be_v allow_v that_o he_o have_v all_o that_o power_n over_o they_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_n of_o this_o end_n he_o may_v therefore_o without_o controversy_n commend_v the_o modest_a and_o ingenuous_a reprove_v the_o factious_a may_v keep_v all_o to_o their_o proper_a business_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o wander_v into_o other_o matter_n or_o pursue_v any_o other_o method_n than_o what_o he_o have_v prescribe_v to_o them_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v become_v so_o disorderly_a as_o to_o need_v it_o he_o may_v as_o the_o ancient_a emperor_n do_v not_o only_o commit_v such_o turbulent_a seditious_a person_n to_o safe_a custody_n and_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o offence_n but_o if_o need_v be_v may_v annul_v the_o act_n that_o be_v so_o tumultuous_o and_o irregular_o do_v by_o them_o 2_o in_o the_o debate_n of_o every_o such_o synod_n of_o whatever_o kind_n they_o be_v the_o prince_n may_v free_o join_v with_o the_o synod_n and_o offer_v any_o objection_n or_o propose_v any_o difficulty_n he_o shall_v think_v fit_a in_o order_n to_o his_o being_n better_o convince_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v or_o of_o the_o expediency_n of_o what_o be_v determine_v by_o it_o for_o prince_n be_v man_n of_o reason_n and_o capacity_n as_o well_o as_o bishop_n and_o priest_n and_o when_o a_o matter_n be_v debate_v may_v be_v as_o capable_a of_o make_v a_o sound_a judgement_n as_o any_o one_o that_o be_v there_o assemble_v it_o have_v i_o know_v be_v specious_o object_v against_o this_o that_o prince_n have_v common_o other_o thing_n to_o do_v than_o to_o study_v divinity_n to_o read_v commentator_n father_n council_n and_o the_o like_a book_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a subject_n of_o the_o clergy_n meditation_n this_o indeed_o be_v true_a nor_o shall_v i_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v it_o but_o be_v they_o sure_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o prince_n shall_v have_v study_v all_o these_o book_n to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o sound_a judgement_n of_o what_o may_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o they_o may_v not_o a_o point_n be_v propose_v and_o scripture_n be_v quote_v and_o antiquity_n allege_v and_o learned_a man_n canvas_v these_o matter_n so_o long_o till_o a_o slander_n by_o who_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o good_a natural_a judgement_n shall_v be_v able_a very_o evident_o to_o discern_v on_o which_o side_n the_o truth_n and_o authority_n lie_v if_o not_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o generality_n of_o christian_n will_v be_v leave_v under_o very_o hard_a circumstance_n who_o must_v at_o last_o believe_v as_o the_o church_n believe_v and_o pin_v their_o faith_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o clergy_n and_o neither_o be_v allow_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o ground_n of_o it_o nor_o if_o once_o in_o a_o error_n be_v capable_a of_o ever_o be_v convince_v of_o it_o but_o if_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o a_o argument_n may_v be_v manage_v by_o learned_a man_n in_o such_o wise_a as_o to_o convince_v those_o that_o be_v not_o learned_a on_o which_o side_n the_o truth_n lie_v then_o certain_o the_o prince_n may_v also_o be_v capable_a of_o discern_v whether_o his_o synod_n have_v reason_n for_o their_o definition_n or_o not_o though_o he_o have_v not_o perhaps_o himself_o read_v so_o much_o divinity_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o learned_a part_n of_o the_o debate_n with_o the_o father_n of_o it_o whether_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o faith_n or_o a_o matter_n of_o discipline_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o prince_n if_o he_o think_v fit_a may_v not_o only_o be_v present_a when_o the_o synod_n debate_v about_o it_o but_o may_v not_o also_o enter_v into_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n with_o they_o and_o propose_v his_o doubt_n and_o manage_v his_o argument_n and_o do_v whatsoever_o be_v requisite_a to_o his_o full_a information_n and_o satisfaction_n concern_v it_o and_o have_v do_v this_o i_o add_v three_o that_o as_o charles_n the_o emperor_n do_v in_o the_o great_a synod_n of_o frankford_n so_o may_v every_o other_o christian_a prince_n if_o he_o please_v do_v still_o i_o mean_v may_v vote_n with_o they_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n because_o in_o these_o both_o the_o right_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o near_o concern_v whether_o the_o prince_n may_v judicial_o concur_v with_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o decision_n in_o matter_n of_o faith_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o dispute_v thus_o much_o i_o dare_v confident_o affirm_v that_o if_o he_o may_v not_o judge_v with_o they_o he_o not_o only_o may_v but_o must_v judge_n after_o they_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v not_o only_o concern_v in_o common_a with_o his_o subject_n to_o believe_v aright_o but_o as_o a_o christian_a prince_n aught_o to_o assert_v the_o right_a faith_n too_o and_o do_v what_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o promote_v the_o belief_n and_o profession_n of_o it_o in_o his_o dominion_n for_o give_v i_o leave_v thus_o far_o to_o anticipate_v what_o i_o shall_v present_o have_v occasion_n more_o particular_o to_o consider_v when_o the_o synod_n have_v settle_v the_o doctrine_n of_o faith_n and_o frame_v as_o they_o conceive_v a_o just_a and_o orthodox_n confession_n of_o it_o be_v it_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o receive_v and_o give_v countenance_n to_o their_o definition_n or_o be_v it_o not_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o be_v to_o sink_v the_o credit_n of_o such_o meeting_n very_o low_o indeed_o and_o to_o make_v their_o assemble_v of_o very_o little_a consequence_n if_o when_o they_o have_v do_v all_o they_o can_v to_o fix_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n neither_o the_o prince_n have_v any_o obligation_n to_o support_v their_o definition_n nor_o the_o people_n to_o receive_v it_o but_o if_o when_o the_o synod_n have_v do_v and_o their_o sentence_n be_v pass_v and_o perhaps_o their_o anathema_n too_o have_v be_v thunder_v out_o against_o all_o that_o shall_v presume_v to_o call_v their_o decision_n in_o question_n the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o add_v his_o sanction_n to_o their_o definition_n then_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v think_v it_o to_o be_v their_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o his_o confirm_v their_o decree_n with_o a_o good_a conscience_n to_o convince_v he_o of_o
which_o 1._o all_o humane_a constitution_n be_v expose_v that_o though_o i_o have_v before_o sufficient_o show_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o convocation_n at_o present_a be_v and_o what_o authority_n our_o king_n have_v over_o it_o yet_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v always_o the_o case_n of_o it_o or_o that_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o viii_o do_v only_o restore_v our_o king_n to_o their_o ancient_a right_n over_o their_o clergy_n and_o not_o rather_o give_v they_o a_o great_a power_n than_o ever_o they_o before_o have_v or_o than_o the_o parliament_n ought_v to_o have_v put_v into_o their_o hand_n to_o clear_v this_o matter_n and_o withal_o to_o show_v how_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n have_v heretofore_o be_v transact_v in_o this_o realm_n i_o shall_v here_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o state_n of_o our_o convocation_n in_o time_n past_a and_o of_o the_o method_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v of_o canonical_a order_n and_o constitution_n from_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o settlement_n of_o it_o in_o that_o form_n under_o which_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o very_a day_n and_o the_o method_n i_o shall_v take_v for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o this_o matter_n shall_v be_v this_o i._o i_o will_v consider_v how_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n be_v manage_v from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n ii_o from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o k._n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o about_o which_o time_n both_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o convocation_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v full_o settle_v upon_o the_o same_o foot_n on_o which_o they_o have_v both_o continue_a to_o stand_v ever_o since_o iii_o from_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o to_o the_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o when_o the_o parliament_n and_o clergy_n restore_v the_o crown_n to_o those_o right_n which_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n have_v before_o in_o great_a measure_n deprive_v it_o of_o and_o iv._o from_o the_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o to_o our_o own_o time_n i_o period_n and_o first_o let_v we_o inquire_v how_o the_o 2._o affair_n of_o the_o church_n be_v transact_v from_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v ever_o consider_v by_o what_o authority_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n our_o clergy_n be_v call_v together_o in_o convocation_n that_o when_o those_o writ_n be_v frame_v which_o we_o still_o continue_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o refer_v to_o a_o double_a end_n and_o it_o be_v intend_v the_o clergy_n shall_v meet_v together_o under_o a_o double_a capacity_n by_o virtue_n of_o they_o when_o the_o king_n issue_v out_o his_o parliamentary_a writ_n and_o summon_v the_o bishop_n to_o come_v to_o that_o great_a council_n every_o bishop_n be_v thereby_o distinct_o require_v to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o dean_n appendix_n and_o chapter_n of_o his_o cathedral_n church_n and_o to_o the_o archdeacon_n and_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n of_o the_o king_n pleasure_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o the_o say_v dean_n and_o archdeacon_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n their_o chapter_n by_o one_o and_o the_o clergy_n of_o every_o arch-deaconry_a by_o two_o proctor_n lawful_o choose_v and_o empower_v may_v together_o with_o the_o bishop_n attend_v upon_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o there_o consent_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n or_o state_n now_o this_o clause_n as_o it_o equal_o require_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n do_v the_o bishop_n himself_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n so_o have_v the_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v account_v so_o great_a that_o some_o have_v think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o reason_n 3._o 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archbishop_n of_o each_o province_n to_o call_v together_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o their_o several_a province_n to_o another_o place_n and_o usual_o upon_o another_o day_n the_o copy_n of_o this_o write_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n send_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n as_o dean_n of_o the_o episcopal_a college_n and_o require_v he_o to_o summon_v the_o clergy_n of_o his_o province_n and_o to_o attend_v himself_o with_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o own_o diocese_n according_a to_o the_o king_n command_n and_o this_o be_v more_o proper_o a_o provincial_a synod_n though_o at_o present_a it_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o person_n and_o be_v oftentimes_o heretofore_o employ_v to_o the_o same_o end_n that_o the_o clergy_n who_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n be_v and_o consult_v at_o once_o both_o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n and_o how_o to_o supply_v the_o prince_n want_n and_o as_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o clergy_n at_o the_o present_a so_o if_o we_o 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all_o by_o this_o for_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a clergyman_n be_v by_o these_o mean_n present_a at_o their_o council_n and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o very_a office_n have_v a_o original_n right_o to_o deliberate_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o state_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o great_a council_n by_o degree_n transact_v both_o they_o deliberate_v as_o well_o of_o ecclesiastical_a as_o of_o civil_a affair_n and_o the_o cause_n that_o concern_v the_o church_n be_v no_o less_o determine_v by_o the_o judgement_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o laity_n than_o the_o civil_a one_o be_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o some_o advantage_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o whole_a subject_n to_o have_v a_o clear_a
those_o day_n of_o which_o i_o be_o at_o present_a to_o discourse_v be_v brief_o this_o 1._o they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v up_o of_o the_o chief_a man_n both_o in_o honour_n and_o employ_v whether_o civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a and_o therein_o law_n be_v make_v with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prince_n both_o for_o the_o church_n and_o state_n in_o matter_n pure_o spiritual_a such_o as_o the_o article_n of_o christian_a faith_n the_o clergy_n advise_v alone_o and_o what_o be_v upon_o their_o advice_n determine_v by_o the_o prince_n become_v a_o law_n as_o to_o those_o matter_n in_o matter_n of_o a_o mix_v nature_n as_o in_o regulate_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n the_o great_a lord_n deliberate_v together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o prince_n confirm_v what_o by_o the_o common_a advice_n and_o consent_v of_o both_o be_v recommend_v to_o he_o but_o because_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o some_o affair_n may_v 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clergy_n and_o of_o the_o wiseman_n great-man_n alder-man_n count_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o laity_n indifferent_o call_v in_o those_o time_n by_o any_o or_o all_o these_o name_n in_o these_o council_n they_o debate_v both_o of_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o make_v law_n with_o the_o prince_n consent_n and_o concurrence_n for_o the_o order_v of_o both_o and_o this_o they_o do_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v judge_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n that_o we_o have_v see_v the_o french_a be_v wont_a to_o do_v the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n advise_v apart_o in_o matter_n pure_o spiritual_a but_o the_o great-man_n debate_v together_o with_o they_o in_o civil_a and_o mix_v affair_n and_o in_o which_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n be_v concern_v as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o church_n thus_o athelstan_n when_o he_o publish_v his_o bed_n ecclesiastical_a law_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o do_v it_o with_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o bishop_n but_o 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therefore_o transact_v with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v abroad_o in_o these_o state_n council_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o within_o this_o period_n there_o be_v hold_v several_a ecclesiastical_a convocation_n or_o synod_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o these_o not_o only_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v admit_v but_o the_o abbot_n and_o other_o clergy_n be_v call_v insomuch_o that_o in_o some_o of_o they_o we_o find_v priest_n deacon_n and_o monk_n and_o even_o abbess_v also_o mention_v and_o beside_o these_o not_o only_o the_o prince_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n present_a but_o oftentime_o his_o nobility_n together_o with_o he_o in_o these_o synod_n sometime_o the_o canonical_a discipline_n be_v enforce_v and_o matter_n of_o faith_n establish_v but_o general_o they_o meet_v for_o other_o purpose_n and_o do_v little_o more_o than_o either_o confirm_v the_o estate_n or_o privilege_n of_o some_o religious_a house_n or_o transact_v the_o like_a particular_a affair_n and_o still_o the_o general_n concern_v of_o religion_n be_v settle_v either_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n apart_o or_o else_o by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o great_a man_n in_o the_o common-council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o now_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o to_o clear_v the_o way_n for_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o method_n in_o which_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v transact_v in_o those_o time_n in_o which_o christianity_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v among_o we_o by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n i_o shall_v go_v on_o to_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a assembly_n whether_o synod_n or_o council_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o this_o country_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 596_o chron._n that_o austin_n the_o monk_n have_v determine_v to_o undertake_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o these_o part_n with_o the_o leave_v of_o pope_n gregory_n arrive_v here_o and_o have_v with_o good_a success_n persuade_v ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n to_o become_v his_o proselyte_n he_o from_o thenceforth_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o very_a great_a authority_n with_o he_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o monkish_a historian_n 1614_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 605_o that_o king_n be_v now_o full_o confirm_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n do_v with_o bertha_n his_o queen_n and_o eadbald_a his_o son_n and_o with_o austin_n his_o bishop_n and_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o his_o land_n solemn_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o canterbury_n and_o there_o in_o a_o common_a council_n both_o of_o his_o clergy_n and_o people_n he_o endow_v the_o monastery_n which_o austin_n have_v found_v in_o that_o city_n and_o grant_v several_a large_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o it_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o our_o king_n to_o keep_v the_o three_o great_a festival_n of_o the_o year_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a state_n and_o solemnity_n their_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n attend_v upon_o they_o and_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o high_a pomp_n of_o majesty_n they_o can_v put_v on_o among_o they_o and_o take_v those_o occasion_n to_o transact_v such_o affair_n as_o they_o think_v expedient_a for_o the_o public_a welfare_n if_o there_o be_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o this_o relation_n for_o which_o i_o dare_v not_o answer_v then_o we_o must_v look_v upon_o this_o to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o civil_a council_n sure_o we_o be_v that_o in_o aftertime_n many_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o like_a kind_a but_o though_o in_o these_o day_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n determine_v in_o such_o meeting_n yet_o i_o have_v before_o say_v that_o some_o synod_n they_o have_v which_o be_v proper_o ecclesiastical_a and_o
controversy_n of_o that_o prince_n with_o becket_n his_o archbishop_n may_v alone_o suffice_v to_o show_v when_o be_v angry_a with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o excommunicate_v one_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o and_o do_v he_o service_n without_o first_o obtain_v his_o leave_n so_o to_o do_v he_o in_o his_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n propose_v to_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o shall_v promise_v to_o observe_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v but_o with_o a_o proviso_n put_v in_o to_o secure_v their_o own_o liberty_n the_o king_n resent_v this_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o a_o great_a council_n at_o oxford_n promise_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v to_o what_o he_o require_v of_o they_o but_o when_o he_o thereupon_o hold_v his_o parliament_n at_o clarendon_n and_o the_o particular_a point_n which_o they_o be_v to_o yield_v to_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o becket_n though_o he_o have_v at_o first_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o yet_o 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authority_n set_v forth_o such_o order_n as_o he_o have_v think_v fit_a shall_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o direct_v they_o to_o his_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n for_o that_o end_n such_o be_v the_o letter_n of_o his_o present_a majesty_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o practice_n of_o febr._n 13._o 1689_o 90_o to_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o two_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n and_o such_o be_v his_o injunction_n with_o respect_n to_o matter_n of_o faith_n by_o which_o he_o late_o determine_v with_o what_o sobriety_n they_o shall_v write_v and_o preach_v concern_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o trinity_n to_o reduce_v some_o of_o our_o late_a controvertist_n to_o the_o ancient_a modes_n of_o speak_v and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o affect_v new_a term_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o ancient_a faith_n and_o to_o the_o scandal_n of_o many_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n with_o themselves_o 2._o another_o method_n 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our_o author_n therefore_o 19_o labour_n all_o he_o can_v to_o get_v over_o and_o that_o be_v how_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25._o h._n 8._o whether_o as_o prohibit_v the_o clergy_n only_o to_o promulge_v and_o execute_v any_o canon_n etc._n etc._n but_o what_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o whether_o we_o be_v to_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o have_v forbid_v they_o to_o debate_v and_o conclude_v upon_o any_o without_o his_o licence_n first_o have_v so_o to_o do_v and_o here_o i_o shall_v neither_o enter_v into_o any_o controversy_n with_o this_o new_a critic_n about_o the_o propriety_n of_o expression_n in_o which_o our_o act_n be_v too_o often_o defective_a nor_o complain_v of_o his_o very_a partial_a and_o imperfect_a recital_n of_o it_o though_o in_o this_o he_o will_v find_v it_o hard_o to_o justify_v himself_o to_o those_o who_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o compare_v the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n with_o that_o account_n which_o he_o have_v give_v appendix_n in_o his_o letter_n of_o it_o but_o suppose_v the_o act_n to_o have_v be_v so_o obscure_o or_o doubtful_o draw_v up_o as_o to_o be_v real_o capable_a of_o either_o of_o the_o sense_n here_o contend_v for_o which_o yet_o true_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o will_n only_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v not_o much_o more_o reason_n to_o prefer_v oar_n than_o to_o allow_v of_o his._n for_o which_o end_n one_a i_o will_v ask_v this_o author_n whether_o suppose_v one_o of_o these_o sense_n can_v evident_o be_v make_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v always_o and_o universal_o receive_v as_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o act_n ever_o since_o it_o be_v make_v and_o the_o other_o be_v confess_o a_o new_a and_o singular_a for_o i_o must_v not_o now_o say_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o it_o that_o ought_v not_o in_o all_o reason_n to_o be_v stick_v to_o which_o have_v prevail_v from_o the_o beginning_n rather_o than_o that_o which_o be_v never_o allow_v of_o nor_o for_o aught_o i_o 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sense_n and_o to_o have_v assert_v that_o other_o which_o this_o author_n have_v here_o advance_v suppose_v there_o have_v be_v any_o rational_a ground_n for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v these_o i_o conceive_v be_v very_o plain_a question_n and_o either_o this_o gentleman_n must_v recede_v from_o the_o most_o common_o receive_v rule_n of_o interpret_n law_n or_o he_o must_v consent_v to_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o they_o and_o be_v conclude_v by_o them_o to_o apply_v then_o these_o general_n rule_v to_o the_o case_n in_o hand_n i_o believe_v no_o reasonable_a 20._o man_n will_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v have_v as_o good_a opportunity_n of_o understanding_n the_o sense_n of_o their_o own_o law_n as_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o can_v pretend_v to_o they_o have_v have_v their_o judge_n their_o council_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n their_o own_o great_a counselor_n at_o all_o time_n to_o advise_v with_o and_o these_o have_v not_o only_a authority_n to_o make_v a_o authentic_a declaration_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o any_o statute_n but_o have_v be_v actual_o consult_v by_o they_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o very_a act._n unless_o we_o shall_v be_v so_o unreasonable_a as_o to_o suppose_v that_o our_o prince_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n send_v commission_n to_o their_o convocation_n to_o empower_v they_o to_o act_n v._n and_o that_o with_o peculiar_a relation_n to_o this_o law_n and_o yet_o never_o consult_v with_o their_o judge_n etc._n etc._n in_o draw_v of_o they_o or_o be_v ever_o better_o inform_v by_o they_o when_o they_o see_v how_o gross_o they_o have_v mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o it_o but_o it_o may_v be_v our_o king_n be_v party_n in_o this_o case_n and_o have_v a_o interest_n to_o prefer_v this_o interpretation_n of_o that_o statute_n before_o the_o other_o that_o so_o they_o may_v the_o better_o exalt_v their_o own_o power_n by_o it_o let_v this_o also_o be_v suppose_v but_o still_o i_o hope_v the_o convocation_n its_o self_n have_v no_o interest_n to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o this_o design_n and_o to_o help_v by_o a_o wrong_a interpretation_n of_o this_o act_n to_o bring_v themselves_o into_o bondage_n that_o next_o to_o the_o king_n the_o convocation_n may_v be_v account_v as_o well_o qualify_v to_o understand_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o a_o statute_n which_o it_o so_o near_o concern_v they_o to_o look_v into_o as_o any_o private_a critic_n i_o believe_v no_o modest_a man_n will_v deny_v our_o author_n i_o be_o sure_a have_v too_o great_a a_o veneration_n for_o that_o learned_a body_n to_o doubt_v of_o their_o ability_n i_o have_v almost_o say_v authority_n to_o expound_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n let_v he_o therefore_o tell_v we_o what_o convocation_n have_v there_o be_v ever_o since_o this_o act_n be_v make_v that_o have_v ever_o refuse_v the_o king_n licence_n send_v to_o they_o in_o pursuance_n of_o it_o or_o have_v protest_v against_o it_o or_o have_v venture_v to_o proceed_v to_o confer_v deliberate_a and_o make_v canon_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n first_o obtain_v to_o warrant_v they_o so_o to_o do_v that_o our_o king_n have_v constant_o send_v their_o commission_n to_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o fall_v under_o the_o censure_n of_o this_o statute_n we_o be_v very_o sure_a that_o our_o convocation_n have_v evermore_o thankful_o receive_v these_o commission_n and_o proceed_v to_o act_n under_o the_o authority_n of_o they_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o act_n till_o they_o receive_v the_o king_n licence_n and_o when_o they_o have_v suspect_v that_o the_o date_n of_o it_o be_v determine_v have_v insist_v upon_o have_v a_o new_a one_o send_v to_o they_o we_o can_v prove_v beyond_o any_o reasonable_a exception_n but_o that_o ever_o any_o convocation_n reject_v such_o a_o licence_n or_o presume_v to_o act_n without_o it_o from_o the_o time_n that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v i_o have_v never_o hear_v nor_o can_v this_o gentleman_n i_o believe_v give_v i_o a_o instance_n of_o either_o i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o suppose_v there_o be_v indeed_o a_o just_a ground_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o yet_o i_o must_v again_o prosess_v to_o my_o apprehension_n there_o be_v not_o yet_o still_o that_o sense_n of_o it_o which_o have_v obtain_v ever_o since_o it_o be_v make_v according_a to_o which_o our_o king_n have_v for_o above_o 150_o year_n proceed_v to_o give_v such_o licence_n as_o we_o now_o contend_v for_o to_o their_o convocation_n and_o their_o convocation_n have_v continue_v to_o accept_v of_o and_o to_o act_n by_o they_o which_o our_o great_a lawyer_n have_v declare_v themselves_o in_o favour_n of_o and_o which_o no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v of_o beside_o this_o one_o author_n have_v ever_o pretend_v to_o call_v in_o question_n i_o say_v that_o sense_n which_o have_v all_o these_o advantage_n and_o be_v in_o its_o self_n most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n and_o the_o occasion_n that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o aught_o in_o all_o reason_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o any_o new_a construction_n that_o can_v be_v set_v up_o against_o it_o though_o such_o construction_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v make_v of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n and_o afford_v some_o show_n of_o reason_n to_o enable_v a_o witty_a man_n to_o talk_v very_o plausible_o in_o favour_n of_o it_o whether_o these_o consideration_n will_v seem_v sufficient_a to_o this_o author_n to_o justify_v the_o old_a receive_a sense_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o can_v tell_v nor_o do_v the_o king_n authority_n depend_v so_o much_o upon_o it_o that_o i_o shall_v need_v to_o say_v any_o more_o to_o it_o that_o without_o his_o writ_n the_o convocation_n can_v meet_v this_o gentleman_n
unwilling_a to_o believe_v it_o though_o all_o the_o while_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o by_o that_o very_a insinuation_n they_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o stick_v the_o more_o they_o think_v they_o have_v do_v their_o business_n they_o have_v guard_v themselves_o against_o be_v call_v to_o account_v for_o it_o by_o man_n and_o i_o be_o afraid_a they_o never_o once_o think_v what_o account_v they_o must_v give_v for_o it_o to_o god_n it_o be_v by_o this_o little_a artifice_n that_o this_o bold_a writer_n have_v presume_v to_o vent_v 25._o such_o calumny_n against_o the_o great_a and_o best_a man_n as_o have_v they_o real_o be_v true_a can_v hardly_o have_v be_v report_a without_o a_o crime_n have_v traduce_v the_o 23._o king_n as_o a_o man_n of_o no_o religion_n but_o particular_o as_o no_o friend_n to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o archbishop_n as_o either_o 22._o ignorant_a of_o the_o church_n interest_n or_o too_o much_o a_o courtier_n to_o trouble_v the_o king_n about_o they_o the_o bishop_n as_o man_n that_o 66._o value_v not_o what_o become_v of_o the_o church_n so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v but_o keep_v their_o honour_n and_o their_o dignity_n in_o the_o state_n the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o full_a of_o discontent_n 67._o and_o dissatisfaction_n as_o person_n who_o have_v be_v ill_o use_v and_o resent_v it_o according_o and_o last_o even_o the_o 15._o parliament_n its_o self_n as_o a_o body_n that_o have_v never_o yet_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o favour_n of_o religion_n nor_o that_o seem_v at_o all_o dispose_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o it_o and_o when_o such_o be_v the_o case_n of_o all_o these_o what_o wonder_v if_o he_o free_o declare_v his_o apprehension_n of_o a_o general_n 7._o conspiracy_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n among_o we_o to_o undermine_v the_o catholic_n faith_n so_o that_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v no_o order_n no_o degree_n or_o place_n among_o we_o be_v whole_o free_a from_o the_o infection_n it_o will_v be_v endless_a for_o i_o to_o insist_v 26._o upon_o these_o and_o the_o like_a reflection_n which_o he_o seem_v industrious_o to_o have_v catch_v at_o in_o every_o part_n of_o his_o letter_n i_o shall_v instead_o of_o all_o examine_v the_o story_n with_o which_o he_o conclude_v it_o and_o so_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o he_o there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o time_n when_o the_o 67_o clergy_n be_v deem_v public_a enemy_n and_o use_v as_o such_o viz._n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 1._o but_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o very_a honourable_a account_n because_o they_o assert_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n do_v by_o commission_n against_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pretend_v to_o collect_v money_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n not_o from_o the_o clergy_n only_o but_o from_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o latter_a do_v too_o many_o of_o they_o submit_v the_o clergy_n stout_o resist_v it_o so_o that_o sir_n robert_n brabazon_n the_o king_n '_o be_v chief_a justice_n pronounce_v open_o in_o the_o king_n '_o be_v bench_n in_o terrorem_fw-la that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o justice_n shall_v be_v do_v at_o their_o suit_n and_o that_o justice_n shall_v be_v do_v against_o they_o in_o the_o king_n court_n at_o any_o man_n suit_n this_o passage_n i_o mark_v when_o i_o first_o read_v the_o institutes_n as_o a_o very_a extraordinary_a one_o it_o be_v pag._n 529._o 2_o inst_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v think_v it_o so_o too_o and_o that_o england_n be_v then_o bless_v with_o a_o righteous_a chief_a justice_n this_o be_v the_o fable_n and_o the_o moral_a of_o 27._o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a king_n william_n be_v the_o edward_n here_o mean_v the_o present_a clergy_n be_v like_o those_o here_o mention_v deem_v public_a enemy_n but_o upon_o a_o very_a honourable_a account_n because_o they_o assert_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v stand_v up_o for_o another_o interest_n and_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o present_a government_n for_o this_o they_o be_v not_o only_o deem_v public_a enemy_n but_o be_v use_v as_o such_o some_o of_o they_o have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o their_o preferment_n other_o have_v be_v discountenance_v and_o not_o prefer_v according_a to_o their_o desert_n because_o they_o also_o have_v honourable_o stand_v up_o for_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v for_o another_o interest_n though_o they_o have_v again_o and_o again_o swear_v obedience_n to_o the_o present_a government_n and_o some_o of_o they_o though_o sore_o against_o their_o will_n even_o subscribe_v the_o association_n in_o defence_n of_o it_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o other_o who_o be_v the_o most_o forward_o and_o busy_a of_o any_o in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o help_v on_o the_o revolution_n and_o to_o establish_v that_o government_n they_o now_o dislike_v and_o this_o they_o have_v do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o laity_n have_v too_o many_o of_o they_o submit_v and_o will_v i_o hope_v show_v that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v the_o government_n which_o they_o have_v establish_v against_o all_o the_o enemy_n of_o it_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o much_o censure_v and_o revile_v by_o these_o new_a patriot_n for_o their_o so_o do_v have_v thus_o account_v for_o this_o story_n 28._o as_o relate_v by_o this_o gentleman_n and_o that_o too_o imperfect_o from_o sir_n edw._n cook_n who_o authority_n in_o point_n of_o history_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o allow_v of_o though_o he_o can_v away_o with_o it_o in_o a_o point_n of_o law_n i_o shall_v in_o justice_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n and_o most_o worthy_a judge_n give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o this_o whole_a matter_n and_o let_v this_o author_n if_o he_o please_v make_v as_o pertinent_a a_o application_n of_o it_o for_o i_o as_o if_o i_o be_o not_o mistake_v i_o have_v do_v for_o he_o king_n edward_n the_o one_a have_v exhaust_v his_o store_n in_o the_o war_n of_o scotland_n 68_o and_o that_o with_o great_a honour_n to_o himself_o and_o advantage_n to_o the_o nation_n call_v his_o parliament_n at_o st._n edmundsbury_n the_o day_n after_o all_o soul_n and_o account_v his_o circumstance_n to_o them_o the_o laity_n ready_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n as_o desire_v but_o the_o clergy_n pretend_v their_o fear_n of_o the_o pope_n bull_n deny_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o assist_v he_o pope_n boniface_n the_o viiith_o be_v desirous_a to_o advance_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n have_v the_o year_n before_o publish_v a_o constitution_n by_o which_o he_o sorbad_v the_o clergy_n to_o pay_v any_o tax_n to_o their_o prince_n without_o the_o pope_n consent_n and_o excommunicate_v as_o well_o the_o receiver_n as_o payer_n of_o such_o tax_n this_o be_v the_o bull_n which_o these_o good_a man_n stand_v upon_o and_o this_o that_o pope_n publishd_a at_o the_o particular_a 69._o desire_n of_o robert_n winchelsea_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o england_n the_o king_n though_o he_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o their_o juggle_n and_o displease_v at_o it_o nevertheless_o give_v they_o time_n till_o the_o next_o parliament_n to_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v to_o do_v and_o how_o to_o make_v some_o better_a and_o more_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o he_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o cause_v all_o their_o store_n to_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o the_o archbishop_n to_o be_v even_o with_o he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n order_v 1296._o this_o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n to_o be_v publish_v in_o all_o the_o church_n of_o his_o province_n the_o next_o parliament_n be_v meet_v at_o london_n the_o day_n after_o hilary_n the_o king_n again_o demand_v a_o supply_n of_o they_o they_o persist_v in_o their_o denial_n and_o the_o king_n thereupon_o put_v they_o out_o of_o his_o col._n protection_n and_o hold_v his_o parliament_n with_o his_o baron_n without_o they_o a_o act_n be_v pass_v by_o which_o all_o their_o good_n be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n use._n in_o this_o state_n the_o clergy_n be_v when_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n as_o my_o lord_n coke_n say_v sir_n robert_n brabazon_n who_o be_v then_o chief_a justice_n not_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n but_o of_o the_o common-plea_n declare_v to_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n what_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n 2491._o have_v do_v he_o bid_v they_o acquaint_v their_o master_n that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o justice_n can_v be_v do_v for_o they_o in_o the_o king_n court_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v never_o so_o much_o injure_v but_o that_o justice_n may_v be_v have_v against_o they_o by_o any_o who_o have_v need_v and_o will_v move_v it_o to_o the_o court._n now_o this_o be_v no_o more_o
than_o declare_v to_o they_o how_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v and_o still_o be_v in_o the_o like_a case_n and_o in_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o man_n attaint_v case_n or_o outlaw_v shall_v be_v put_v to_o answer_v in_o any_o action_n against_o they_o because_o it_o be_v to_o their_o prejudice_n but_o in_o a_o action_n bring_v by_o they_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v answer_v because_o it_o be_v to_o their_o benefit_n so_o that_o if_o the_o chief_a justice_n commit_v any_o fault_n it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o obey_v the_o law_n or_o in_o declare_v to_o their_o council_n what_o incapacity_n the_o clergy_n lie_v under_o that_o be_v for_o act_v upright_o in_o his_o place_n and_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v account_v a_o crime_n in_o such_o person_n the_o truth_n be_v there_o be_v hardly_o a_o man_n of_o those_o time_n upon_o who_o this_o author_n can_v more_o unlucky_o have_v reflect_v than_o this_o sir_n robert_n brabazon_n he_o be_v make_v second_o justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n by_o king_n edward_n one_a about_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n seven_o year_n he_o serve_v his_o prince_n in_o that_o station_n and_o be_v then_o for_o his_o merit_n create_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o that_o court_n anno_fw-la 24._o edw._n 1._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o son_n king_n edw._n 2._o he_o be_v swear_v anew_o into_o his_o place_n and_o about_o seven_o year_n after_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o treasury_n commit_v to_o he_o till_o a_o lord_n treasurer_n shall_v be_v choose_v which_o be_v do_v about_o a_o year_n after_o and_o be_v thus_o grow_v old_a in_o the_o service_n of_o his_o two_o master_n and_o disable_v to_o attend_v any_o long_o at_o his_o court_n that_o he_o may_v sit_v down_o with_o honour_n he_o be_v in_o consideration_n of_o his_o great_a fidelity_n choose_v into_o the_o king_n council_n and_o in_o that_o quality_n end_v his_o life_n this_o be_v the_o man_n who_o this_o discreet_a author_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bespatter_n and_o this_o be_v the_o crime_n for_o which_o he_o so_o tragical_o exclaim_v against_o he_o and_o now_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n let_v this_o gentleman_n free_o say_v what_o he_o have_v to_o except_v against_o in_o the_o conduct_n of_o this_o great_a prince_n or_o whether_o upon_o a_o true_a state_n of_o this_o matter_n he_o will_v espouse_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o clergy_n here_o be_v a_o brave_a and_o warlike_a prince_n engage_v in_o a_o war_n of_o the_o utmost_a consequence_n to_o his_o country_n and_o people_n he_o carry_v it_o on_o himself_o with_o vigour_n and_o end_v it_o with_o glory_n he_o force_v his_o enemy_n not_o only_o to_o yield_v to_o he_o but_o to_o own_o his_o authority_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n be_v return_v with_o victory_n he_o call_v his_o parliament_n and_o be_v ready_o assist_v by_o his_o lay_v subject_n to_o pay_v his_o debt_n and_o prepare_v himself_o against_o his_o other_o enemy_n only_o his_o clergy_n not_o only_o refuse_v to_o contribute_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n but_o put_v a_o indignity_n of_o the_o base_a nature_n upon_o their_o king_n like_o the_o pharisee_n with_o their_o vow_n of_o corban_n they_o first_o procure_v the_o pope_n to_o pass_v a_o order_n against_o their_o assist_v of_o he_o and_o then_o with_o a_o jewish_a hypocrisy_n look_v demure_a and_o pretend_v that_o true_o they_o will_v assist_v he_o with_o all_o their_o heart_n but_o the_o pope_n have_v forbid_v it_o and_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v it_o in_o return_n to_o this_o usage_n the_o king_n determine_v no_o long_a to_o afford_v his_o protection_n to_o those_o who_o have_v deliver_v themselves_o up_o to_o another_o interest_n and_o thereupon_o refuse_v to_o contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o support_n of_o the_o government_n by_o which_o they_o be_v secure_v in_o the_o peaceable_a enjoyment_n of_o their_o own_o right_n and_o estate_n and_o the_o parliament_n think_v his_o resolution_n so_o just_a that_o they_o close_v in_o with_o it_o and_o ready_o confirm_v it_o with_o their_o authority_n this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n then_o and_o it_o be_v but_o too_o like_o the_o case_n of_o some_o of_o they_o now._n and_o the_o effect_n be_v that_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n bring_v to_o a_o sense_n of_o their_o duty_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o present_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o next_o year_n grant_v a_o supply_n to_o he_o and_o have_v thereby_o leave_v we_o this_o observation_n that_o the_o only_a way_n to_o deal_v with_o some_o person_n be_v to_o treat_v they_o as_o they_o deserve_v and_o to_o let_v they_o know_v that_o those_o be_v unworthy_a of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o government_n who_o be_v embark_a in_o a_o interest_n different_a from_o it_o and_o refuse_v to_o contribute_v to_o the_o necessity_n of_o it_o appendix_n contain_v some_o public_a act_n and_o other_o collection_n refer_v to_o in_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n appendix_n i._o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o summon_v a_o abbot_n to_o parliament_n exit_fw-la reyner_n apost_n benedict_n p._n 149._o append._n part._n iii._o num_fw-la lxix_o henricus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la iii._o etc._n etc._n n._n abbati_n s._n albani_n quia_fw-la de_fw-la auâ—samento_fw-la consilii_fw-la nostri_fw-la pro_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la arduis_fw-la &_o urgentibus_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o statum_n &_o defensionem_fw-la regul_n nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la anglicanae_n contingentibus_fw-la quoddam_fw-la parleamentum_fw-la apud_fw-la westminster_n tali_fw-la die_fw-la teneri_fw-la ordinavimus_fw-la &_o ibidem_fw-la uobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la prelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostti_fw-la colloquium_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la uobis_fw-la in_o â—ide_v &_o dilectione_n quibus_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenemini_fw-la firmiter_fw-la injungendo_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la consideratis_fw-la dictorum_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la arduitate_fw-la &_o periculis_fw-la imminentibus_fw-la personaliter_fw-la intersitis_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la prelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la predictis_fw-la super_fw-la predictis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la traâ—taturi_fw-la uestrumque_fw-la consilium_fw-la impensuri_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la sicut_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o honorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la ac_fw-la salvationem_fw-la &_o defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o ecclesie_n predicte_n expeditionemque_fw-la dictorum_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la diligitis_fw-la nullatenus_fw-la omittatis_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la the_o parliament_n abbot_n thus_o summon_v exit_fw-la eod._n 1._o abbas_n glastoniae_fw-la 2._o abbess_n s._n augustini_fw-la cant_n '_o 3._o abbess_n s._n petri_n westmonaster_n '_o 4._o abbess_n s._n albani_n 5._o abbess_n s._n edmundi_fw-la de_fw-fr bury_n 6._o abbess_n s._n petri_n de_fw-fr burgo_n 7._o abbess_n s._n johannis_n colcestriae_fw-la 8._o abbas_n eveshamiae_n 9_o abbas_n winchelcumbiae_fw-la 10._o abbas_n croylandiae_fw-la 11._o abbas_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la 12._o abbas_n redingiae_n 13._o abbas_n abendoniae_n 14._o abbas_n salopiae_fw-la 15._o abbess_n s._n petri_n gloucestriae_fw-la 16._o abbas_n bardeneyae_n 17._o abbess_n s._n benedicti_fw-la de_fw-fr hulmo_n 18._o abbas_n thorneiae_n 19_o abbas_n ramseiae_n 20._o abbas_n hydae_fw-la 21._o abbas_n maimesbiriae_fw-la 22._o abbess_n s._n mariae_fw-la eborac_n '_o 23._o abbas_n selbeyae_n 24._o abbas_n tavestoke_n 25._o prio_fw-la conventriae_fw-la ii_o the_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n of_o a_o bishop_n to_o parliament_n cl._n 49._o h._n 3._o m._n 11._o dors._n in_o schedula_n henricus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la &_o dux_n aquitaniae_n venerabili_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la r._n eadem_fw-la gratia_n episcopo_fw-la dunelm_n salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la post_fw-la gravia_n turbationum_fw-la diserimina_fw-la dudum_fw-la habita_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la charissimus_fw-la filius_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la noster_fw-la prâ—_n pace_n in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la assensuranda_fw-la &_o firmanda_fw-la obses_fw-la traditus_fw-la extitisset_fw-la &_o jam_fw-la sedata_fw-la benedictus_n deus_fw-la turbatione_fw-la predicta_fw-la super_fw-la deliberatione_n ejusdem_fw-la salubriter_fw-la providenda_fw-la &_o plena_fw-la securitate_fw-la &_o tranquilitate_fw-la pacis_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o utilitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la firmanda_fw-la &_o totaliter_fw-la complenda_fw-la ut_fw-la super_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la all_o 〈…〉_z be_v regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la negotus_fw-la que_fw-la sine_fw-la consilio_fw-la vestro_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la nolumus_fw-la expediri_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractatum_fw-la habere_fw-la nos_fw-la oportet_fw-la uobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la rogantes_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la &_o dilectione_n quibus_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenemini_fw-la quod_fw-la omni_fw-la occasione_n postposita_a &_o negotiis_fw-la all_o 〈…〉_z s_o pretermissis_fw-la sitis_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o octabis_n s._n hilarii_n proxim_n futur_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la predictis_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibâ—s_fw-la nostris_fw-la quos_fw-la ibid._n vocari_fw-la fecimus_fw-la super_fw-la premissis_fw-la tractatur_fw-la &_o concilium_fw-la impensur_fw-la et_fw-la