every_o company_n of_o foot_n d'en_o pasvolants_n whereof_o six_o belong_v to_o the_o captain_n two_o for_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o two_o for_o the_o ensign_n every_o one_o of_o these_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o half_a a_o rixdollar_n every_o ten_o day_n but_o this_o custom_n wear_v out_o and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o because_o many_o captain_n notwithstanding_o that_o indulgence_n endeavour_v still_o to_o keep_v void_a place_n in_o their_o company_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o make_v their_o purse_n full_a these_o muster-master_n by_o the_o dutch_a dane_n and_o swede_n be_v call_v commissary_n commissary_n commissary_n over_o who_o the_o commissary_n general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v the_o superintendance_n this_o difference_n there_o be_v that_o those_o commissary_n keep_v the_o purse_n and_o so_o be_v paymaster_n but_o our_o muster-master_n be_v not_o so_o the_o pay_v belong_v to_o our_o treasurer_n as_o among_o the_o roman_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o questor_n they_o have_v 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colour_n never_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n on_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o reveal_v all_o conspiracy_n treason_n and_o mutiny_n intend_v against_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n or_o their_o general_n and_o other_o commander_n so_o help_v they_o god_n in_o the_o great_a day_n if_o this_o oath_n be_v punctual_o keep_v all_o battle_n will_v be_v so_o well_o fight_v that_o there_o will_v not_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o the_o slight_a of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o world_n after_o this_o oath_n the_o article_n and_o law_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v public_o and_o distinct_o read_v that_o they_o may_v know_v what_o punishment_n for_o most_o article_n speak_v more_o of_o they_o than_o of_o reward_n they_o may_v expect_v if_o they_o commit_v such_o crime_n as_o be_v there_o mention_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v that_o none_o may_v pretend_v ignorance_n for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o transgression_n of_o 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or_o no_o evangelic_n precept_n be_v obey_v and_o this_o as_o little_a as_o any_o soldier_n get_v not_o their_o wage_n and_o violence_n be_v do_v to_o many_o man_n at_o the_o first_o view_n it_o will_v seem_v strange_a why_o prince_n pay_v their_o soldiery_n very_o well_o and_o due_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n when_o they_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o they_o and_o very_o ill_a and_o very_a seldom_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v with_o they_o but_o the_o reason_n be_v soon_o find_v they_o need_v far_o great_a number_n in_o time_n of_o war_n than_o peace_n and_o many_o be_v not_o pay_v with_o so_o little_a money_n as_o a_o few_o be_v in_o the_o war_n of_o europe_n these_o last_o fourscore_o year_n and_o upward_o wherein_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v free_a except_o in_o the_o late_a unhappy_a civil_a war_n we_o find_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v pay_v their_o army_n better_a than_o any_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n this_o make_v the_o mercenary_a soldier_n run_v to_o their_o service_n and_o capacitates_fw-la they_o to_o make_v great_a levy_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o bad_a payment_n of_o the_o spaniard_n appear_v when_o their_o king_n stand_v most_o in_o need_n of_o their_o service_n seventy_o pay_v army_n universal_o ill_o pay_v year_n ago_o and_o a_o little_a upward_o and_o many_o time_n since_o for_o that_o give_v a_o rise_n to_o those_o terrible_a mutiny_n in_o which_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o town_n and_o treat_v with_o their_o general_n and_o superior_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v free_a estate_n this_o incapacitate_v the_o spanish_a minister_n to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n against_o the_o new_a estate_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o either_o they_o or_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v idle_a spectator_n the_o most_o considerable_a army_n the_o sweed_n have_v in_o the_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o victorious_a king_n gustavus_n adolphus_n lay_v idle_a at_o donaverth_n lose_v the_o time_n of_o action_n and_o treat_v for_o their_o pay_n boccalini_n inform_v we_o that_o once_o the_o gardiner_n complain_v to_o apollo_n that_o they_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n boccalini_n his_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n have_v no_o instrument_n to_o make_v all_o the_o weed_n of_o their_o garden_n run_v and_o dance_v after_o they_o as_o prince_n and_o free_a state_n who_o can_v make_v all_o the_o idle_a and_o unprofitable_a member_n of_o their_o principality_n go_v out_o of_o the_o garden_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o rattle_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n but_o i_o think_v prince_n and_o state_n be_v to_o be_v much_o more_o admire_a for_o another_o secret_a art_n of_o their_o own_o whereby_o they_o get_v these_o drone_n to_o do_v they_o both_o laborious_a and_o hazardous_a service_n for_o very_o little_a money_n and_o at_o a_o low_a expense_n the_o pay_n and_o wages_n for_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o establishment_n of_o several_a prince_n and_o state_n i_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a of_o some_o of_o they_o for_o to_o speak_v of_o all_o though_o i_o can_v be_v needless_a the_o german_a emperor_n establishment_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o long_a war_n be_v pay_n german_n emperor_n his_o pay_n fair_a enough_o for_o there_o be_v promise_v to_o every_o colonel_n of_o horse_n 300_o dollar_n to_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o to_o a_o major_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o a_o ritmaster_n one_o hundred_o to_o a_o lieutenant_n sixty_o to_o a_o cornet_n fifty_o beside_o allowance_n of_o fodderage_n for_o so_o many_o horse_n proportionable_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n monthly_a to_o a_o quartermaster_n twenty_o four_o dollar_n to_o a_o corporal_n twenty_o two_o to_o a_o clerk_n fifteen_o to_o a_o trumpeter_n as_o much_o and_o to_o a_o einspanneer_n or_o trooper_n twelve_o the_o pay_n for_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o foot_n be_v much_o less_o but_o they_o get_v not_o three_o month_n pay_v of_o twelve_o in_o a_o whole_a year_n but_o bockler_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1658._o at_o frankford_n on_o the_o main_n 1658._o pay_v of_o the_o confederated_a german_a prince_n an._n 1658._o the_o elector_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v join_v in_o a_o league_n whereof_o there_o be_v many_o make_v in_o that_o country_n have_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o a_o pay_n to_o be_v give_v to_o their_o force_n so_o long_o as_o the_o league_n continue_v most_o of_o their_o league_n be_v break_v in_o short_a time_n than_o they_o be_v a_o make_n and_o it_o be_v this_o a_o ritmaster_n be_v to_o have_v for_o himself_o every_o month_n sixty_o dollar_n and_o allowance_n for_o six_o
place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v up_o his_o company_n eight_o deep_a in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v difference_n a_o man_n may_v tell_v his_o opinion_n without_o affectation_n of_o singularity_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o more_o hand_n a_o captain_n can_v bring_v to_o fight_v the_o more_o shrewd_o deep_a reason_n for_o six_o deep_a he_o will_v put_v his_o enemy_n to_o it_o provide_v still_o his_o batallion_n be_v of_o that_o strength_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o resolute_a impression_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o worst_a that_o he_o have_v reserve_v to_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n of_o reserve_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o be_o hopeful_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v by_o eight_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o ten_o and_o more_o by_o six_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o eight_o take_v a_o second_o argument_n the_o more_o able_a you_o be_v to_o save_v yourself_o from_o be_v surround_v or_o out-winged_a by_o a_o enemy_n or_o the_o more_o able_a you_o make_v yourself_o to_o surround_v and_o out-wing_n that_o enemy_n of_o you_o the_o great_a advantage_n you_o have_v over_o he_o both_o these_o be_v do_v by_o a_o large_a front_n now_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o eight_o in_o file_n enlarge_v the_o front_n more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o and_o consequent_o eight_o deep_a contribute_v more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o for_o gain_v the_o victory_n that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_n be_v very_o soon_o instance_a first_o by_o a_o body_n deep_a the_o great_a advantage_n 1500_o musqueteer_n six_o deep_a have_v of_o 1500_o musqueteer_n ten_o deep_a of_o musqueteer_n and_o next_o by_o a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o musqueteer_n marshal_v ten_o deep_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o be_v fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a and_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o stout_a and_o experience_a and_o equal_o good_a firemen_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n as_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a must_v likewise_o do_v now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a can_v make_v no_o more_o but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o ten_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o but_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o six_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o so_o that_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a at_o every_o volley_n pour_v one_o hundred_o leaden_a bullet_n more_o in_o the_o enemy_n bosom_n than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o consequent_o when_o six_o rank_n of_o both_o party_n have_v fire_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a have_v receive_v six_o hundred_o ball_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a which_o without_o all_o doubt_n have_v make_v a_o great_a many_o man_n fall_v more_o of_o the_o one_o side_n than_o the_o other_o next_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a take_v just_a as_o much_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n as_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o therefore_o the_o other_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a may_v fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v either_o with_o pike_n or_o with_o horseman_n it_o be_v the_o like_a case_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la between_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a and_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a for_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a will_v make_v but_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o eight_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o multiply_v by_o eight_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o and_o four_o now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o impression_n for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o six_o rank_n of_o pikeman_n may_v either_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n abundant_o and_o therefore_o where_o pikeman_n be_v ten_o deep_a at_o their_o charge_n the_o last_o four_o rank_n shall_v keep_v their_o pike_n port_a because_o the_o present_v the_o point_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o useless_a neither_o be_v it_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a that_o make_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v use_n of_o his_o feather_n to_o defend_v his_o musqueteer_n against_o the_o polonian_a horse_n for_o these_o feather_n may_v serve_v a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o ten_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a neither_o indeed_o be_v it_o the_o deepness_n of_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n that_o can_v resist_v a_o resolute_a charge_n of_o horse_n it_o must_v be_v pike_n halberd_n or_o these_o feather_n or_o something_o like_o they_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o ten_o deep_a be_v think_v fit_a for_o foot_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o fancy_n for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o deep_a reason_n for_o ten_o deep_a place_n that_o vegetius_n who_o be_v look_v on_o by_o many_o as_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n do_v make_v the_o roman_a file_n to_o consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v their_o gun_n they_o can_v not_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o till_o the_o other_o nine_o rank_n have_v all_o fire_v and_o withal_o a_o musket_n rest_n be_v take_v to_o help_v with_o so_o much_o wariness_n do_v our_o ancestor_n walk_v when_o first_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o new_a find_v engine_n of_o fire_n we_o read_v of_o a_o count_n of_o vaâ—dâ—mont_n who_o within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n make_v use_v of_o two_o culverines_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bar_n and_o by_o their_o help_n defeat_v his_o enemy_n but_o at_o every_o time_n the_o piece_n be_v discharge_v the_o count_n himself_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n but_o as_o great_a câ—sar_n say_v usus_fw-la est_fw-la rerum_fw-la magister_fw-la use_v and_o custom_n overmaster_v thing_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v not_o now_o so_o dreadful_a as_o it_o be_v nor_o be_v the_o musket_n so_o unmanageable_a as_o it_o be_v think_v daily_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o six_o can_v fire_v make_v deep_a for_o fine_a deep_a ready_a and_o stay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o command_n before_o the_o other_o five_o
that_o thereby_o the_o roman_a army_n may_v recover_v the_o honour_n time_n instance_n for_o it_o of_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o field_n well_o near_o lose_v and_o so_o they_o be_v brave_o mount_v ride_v among_o the_o thick_a of_o their_o enemy_n where_o valiant_o fight_v both_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v which_o make_v victory_n present_o turn_v over_o to_o the_o roman_n but_o we_o must_v not_o believe_v with_o livius_n that_o the_o consul_n bequeath_v themselves_o so_o hearty_o to_o the_o devil_n be_v so_o acceptable_a a_o sacrifice_n to_o heaven_n or_o so_o supererogatory_n as_o to_o move_v the_o god_n to_o reward_v it_o with_o success_n to_o their_o party_n no_o it_o be_v that_o excess_n of_o valour_n which_o they_o show_v in_o the_o action_n that_o encourage_v the_o fly_a roman_n to_o turn_v head_n and_o follow_v their_o general_n in_o that_o desperate_a charge_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o death_n of_o their_o consul_n exasperate_v they_o and_o put_v a_o edge_n on_o 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nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o possible_a but_o certain_o commander_n to_o look_v for_o intelligence_n the_o duty_n of_o all_o commander_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o commander_n especial_o those_o who_o lead_v army_n to_o endeavour_v to_o get_v intelligence_n of_o their_o enemy_n design_n counsel_n project_n motion_n and_o march_n their_o number_n their_o strength_n their_o artillery_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o soldier_n whether_o young_a and_o raw_a or_o old_a and_o experience_a but_o more_o especial_o of_o the_o qualification_n virtue_n and_o vice_n of_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o if_o a_o siege_n of_o a_o town_n or_o a_o castle_n be_v to_o be_v form_v to_o know_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n its_o manner_n of_o fortification_n bulwark_n parapet_n ditch_n and_o outer_a work_n what_o man_n be_v within_o it_o what_o provision_n what_o munition_n of_o war_n and_o what_o artillery_n and_o what_o officer_n particular_o what_o a_o person_n the_o governor_n be_v 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suitable_a to_o so_o many_o gun_n the_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n henry_n view_v this_o mighty_a army_n of_o he_o near_o the_o city_n of_o metz_n where_o he_o say_v it_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n but_o he_o forget_v oversight_n a_o great_a oversight_n to_o inform_v we_o here_o of_o two_o very_a considerable_a point_n the_o one_o of_o what_o altitude_n or_o depth_n both_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n be_v the_o second_o what_o distance_n be_v keep_v or_o order_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o the_o several_a file_n and_o rank_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o how_o great_a the_o interval_n be_v between_o the_o several_a batallion_n and_o body_n as_o well_o of_o the_o cavalry_n as_o the_o infantry_n for_o thereby_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o have_v make_v a_o probable_a conjecture_n but_o determinate_o to_o have_v know_v how_o much_o ground_n the_o whole_a army_n take_v up_o in_o longitude_n but_o there_o be_v other_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o 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and_o of_o his_o whole_a batallion_n charge_v those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o king_n then_o in_o his_o great_a strength_n carry_v a_o rich_a and_o considerable_a affront_n and_o receive_v a_o affront_n booty_n into_o theonville_n a_o imperial_a garrison_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n nor_o be_v this_o affront_n do_v so_o public_o to_o so_o powerful_a a_o army_n at_o all_o revenge_v only_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v send_v before_o the_o town_n to_o vapour_n and_o brave_a the_o imperialist_n who_o fail_v not_o to_o sally_v out_o and_z skirmish_z with_o the_o french_a from_o which_o bicker_a neither_o party_n carry_v away_o any_o thing_n but_o blow_n and_o at_o length_n henry_n great_a preparation_n come_v to_o nothing_o for_o the_o two_o german_a prince_n have_v not_o without_o some_o stain_n to_o their_o honour_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n without_o the_o french_a king_n privity_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o return_v and_o defend_v his_o own_o territory_n against_o charles_n who_o be_v horrible_o incense_v against_o he_o for_o offer_v to_o assist_v his_o rebel_n for_o so_o he_o call_v those_o elector_n against_o his_o lawful_a authority_n as_o this_o french_a army_n which_o i_o think_v so_o much_o represent_v the_o phalange_n conclusion_n conclusion_n vanish_v so_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n itself_o on_o which_o aelian_a bestow_v the_o title_n and_o epithet_n of_o invincible_a inexpugnable_a and_o irresistible_a after_o it_o have_v in_o philip_n and_o his_o son_n alexander_n time_n give_v the_o law_n to_o the_o eastern_a world_n and_o after_o their_o death_n have_v be_v keep_v up_o by_o alexander_n successor_n and_o great_a captain_n the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n yield_v to_o fate_n and_o be_v bring_v to_o nothing_o in_o perseus_n his_o time_n and_o macedon_n itself_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n by_o the_o roman_n of_o who_o legion_n art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v a_o view_n pallas_n armata_n military_a essay_n on_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n the_o hand_n of_o heaven_n which_o cast_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n into_o the_o lap_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o more_o visible_a in_o that_o before_o they_o come_v to_o any_o great_a progress_n of_o conquest_n and_o after_o too_o their_o state_n be_v state_n inward_a disease_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n obnoxious_a to_o those_o difficulty_n which_o may_v have_v render_v it_o not_o only_o incapable_a to_o overcome_v its_o enemy_n but_o subject_a to_o be_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o these_o any_o who_o have_v peruse_v their_o history_n may_v if_o they_o please_v with_o i_o observe_v they_o which_o follow_v first_o their_o frequent_a change_n of_o government_n as_o from_o king_n to_o consulâ—_n first_o first_o then_o to_o consul_n join_v with_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n from_o these_o to_o a_o decemvirate_n from_o that_o to_o military_a tribune_n invest_v with_o consular_a authority_n from_o they_o to_o consul_n again_o from_o these_o to_o a_o triumvirate_n and_o from_o that_o to_o emperor_n second_o the_o almost_o continual_a â—arrs_n and_o debate_n between_o the_o senate_n and_o second_o second_o the_o people_n not_o only_o concern_v the_o â—ex_n 〈…〉_o and_o division_n of_o land_n but_o even_o about_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o governament_n itself_o in_o which_o the_o commons_o ever_o gain_v ground_n and_o at_o the_o long-run_a obtain_v the_o principal_a point_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n those_o be_v the_o 〈…〉_o of_o magistrate_n yea_o of_o the_o consul_n make_v and_o repeat_v law_n power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o the_o last_o appeal_n three_o the_o constant_o seditious_a oration_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o tribune_n three_o three_o of_o the_o people_n whereby_o they_o public_o obstruct_v many_o time_n the_o levy_n of_o soldier_n and_o the_o pursuance_n of_o many_o victory_n gain_v against_o their_o neighbour_n while_o the_o state_n be_v yet_o in_o its_o infancy_n all_o those_o alteration_n and_o contention_n proceed_v from_o a_o inward_a disease_n of_o state_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o exceed_o weaken_v it_o in_o the_o undertake_n any_o great_a action_n abroad_o but_o four_o their_o cruelty_n and_o ingratitude_n to_o their_o own_o citizen_n and_o captain_n four_o four_o who_o have_v do_v they_o the_o best_a and_o great_a service_n some_o whereof_o i_o shall_v instance_n in_o in_o another_o place_n few_o of_o they_o all_o escape_v a_o severe_a censure_n enough_o to_o withdraw_v any_o generous_a spirit_n from_o a_o desire_n to_o serve_v they_o five_o their_o frequent_a make_v dictator_n almost_o upon_o every_o sudden_a apprehension_n five_o five_o of_o fear_n or_o suppose_a danger_n a_o office_n so_o unlimited_a have_v power_n to_o do_v and_o command_v what_o they_o please_v without_o comptrol_n appeal_v or_o â—ear_v to_o be_v question_v after_o their_o time_n expire_v that_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n none_o of_o they_o prevent_v julius_n câ—sar_n in_o usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n six_o their_o make_v two_o consul_n of_o equal_a authority_n the_o very_a fuel_n of_o discord_n six_o six_o at_o home_n and_o of_o most_o dangerous_a consequence_n abroad_o when_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n necessitate_v they_o to_o join_v their_o force_n take_v some_o instance_n in_o one_o of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o volscian_n lucius_n furius_n be_v join_v in_o equal_a command_n with_o marcus_n furius_n camillus_n that_o famous_a roman_a who_o free_v his_o country_n from_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o this_o war_n young_a lucius_n will_v needs_o fight_v sore_o against_o old_a camillus_n his_o advice_n and_o well_o beat_v â—e_n be_v and_o have_v be_v utter_o rout_v if_o the_o old_a man_n have_v not_o wait_v hiâ—_n opportunity_n and_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n with_o the_o triariâ—_n fabius_n the_o dictator_n nicknamed_a the_o cunctator_n have_v minutius_n join_v in_o equal_a command_n with_o he_o who_o will_v needs_o with_o the_o half_a of_o the_o army_n fight_n hanâ—â—bal_n whether_o the_o dictator_n will_v or_o not_o the_o carthaginian_a beat_v he_o and_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o he_o and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o war_n too_o if_o old_a fabius_n have_v not_o part_v the_o fray_n but_o the_o roman_n escape_v not_o so_o easy_o at_o cannae_n for_o there_o terentius_n varro_n in_o spite_n of_o his_o colleague_n paulus_n aemilius_n fight_v with_o the_o same_o hannibal_n where_o both_o of_o they_o receive_v such_o a_o overthrow_n that_o if_o he_o who_o give_v it_o they_o have_v follow_v maharbal_n advice_n and_o immediate_o march_v he_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v dine_v the_o five_o day_n after_o in_o the_o capitol_n and_o for_o
it_o long_o after_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o pistol_n whether_o the_o lance_n be_v lay_v aside_o as_o useless_a in_o germany_n england_n scotland_n france_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n by_o the_o command_n of_o several_a prince_n or_o only_o wear_v out_o by_o time_n i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o use_v in_o these_o place_n be_v certain_a enough_o and_o true_o i_o wonder_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o rather_o be_v use_v when_o the_o nakedness_n of_o man_n breast_n without_o defensive_a arm_n render_v they_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o stroke_n or_o push_v of_o a_o lance_n than_o in_o former_a time_n when_o few_o or_o no_o horseman_n be_v to_o be_v see_v without_o a_o corslet_n i_o shall_v not_o doubt_v but_o there_o be_v strong_a reason_n though_o i_o know_v they_o not_o why_o our_o european_a general_n for_o most_o part_n have_v abandon_v the_o use_n of_o the_o lance_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o it_o have_v be_v a_o serviceable_a weapon_n heretofore_o even_o since_o gunpowder_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o gun_n be_v find_v out_o i_o shall_v nation_n the_o lance_n make_v useless_a by_o many_o nation_n give_v but_o one_o instance_n at_o that_o memorable_a battle_n of_o dreux_n fight_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n and_o admiral_n chastillon_n who_o conduct_v the_o protestant_a army_n by_o the_o reiterated_a charge_n of_o their_o man_n of_o arm_n with_o lance_n after_o strong_a opposition_n break_v the_o great_a batallion_n of_o the_o swisser_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o pikeman_n and_o be_v think_v invincible_a and_o kill_v on_o the_o place_n seventeen_o of_o their_o captain_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o marshal_n st._n andre_n and_o the_o take_n of_o the_o great_a constable_n montmorancy_n two_o of_o the_o french_a king_n general_n the_o prince_n of_o conde_n be_v likewise_o make_v prisoner_n by_o the_o royal_a party_n and_o the_o admiral_n force_v out_o of_o the_o field_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n and_o his_o cavalry_n the_o admiral_n rally_n and_o that_o night_n propose_v to_o his_o german_a reuter_n who_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o case_n of_o pistol_n and_o many_o of_o they_o carrabine_n to_o march_v back_o and_o fall_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n than_o both_o weary_a and_o secure_a but_o though_o that_o german_a body_n of_o horse_n be_v whole_a and_o entire_a yet_o do_v the_o commander_n of_o it_o passage_n a_o very_a remarkable_a passage_n remonstrate_v to_o the_o admiral_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o to_o break_v the_o french_a batallion_n of_o foot_n which_o have_v keep_v the_o field_n with_o the_o duke_n and_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v the_o reason_n they_o give_v for_o it_o because_o say_v they_o we_o have_v no_o lance_n which_o be_v only_o proper_a for_o that_o for_o the_o french_a man_n at_o arm_n who_o have_v with_o lance_n break_v the_o swisser_n be_v then_o dissipate_v or_o overwearied_n and_o all_o their_o lance_n break_v if_o this_o be_v true_a it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o milice_fw-la then_o and_o the_o milice_fw-la now_o be_v very_o different_a though_o both_o modern_a a_o cavalry_n then_o arm_v with_o lance_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v able_a to_o break_v a_o arm_a batallion_n of_o foot_n whereof_o it_o give_v a_o perfect_a demonstration_n and_o a_o cavalry_n then_o arm_v offensive_o with_o carrabine_n pistol_n and_o sword_n and_o not_o without_o defensive_a arm_n declare_v itself_o uncapable_a for_o it_o and_o now_o the_o carrabiner_n or_o harquebusier_n be_v think_v only_o proper_a for_o rencounter_n and_o the_o lancier_n be_v lay_v aside_o as_o useless_a but_o the_o lance_n meet_v with_o better_a usage_n from_o other_o nation_n even_o to_o this_o hour_n persian_n hungarian_n use_v the_o lance._n and_o the_o aâ—yssens_n as_o also_o the_o persian_n the_o polonian_n and_o hungarian_n use_v it_o and_o so_o do_v the_o turk_n the_o abyssens_n on_o horseback_n use_v strong_a lance_n point_v at_o both_o end_n and_o great_a mace_n of_o iron_n the_o persian_n account_v the_o best_a horseman_n in_o the_o world_n carry_v lance_n very_o strong_a they_o be_v point_v at_o both_o end_n they_o carry_v they_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o manage_v they_o with_o great_a strength_n and_o dexterity_n giovio_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o scyrus_n a_o excellent_a persian_a arm_n excellent_a great_a city_n of_o mesopotamia_n the_o persian_n have_v many_o shop_n wherein_o the_o best_a arm_n of_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v and_o that_o not_o far_o from_o it_o at_o charmaum_n be_v sword_n and_o point_n of_o lance_n make_v of_o so_o well_o temper_v steel_n that_o our_o european_a corslet_n and_o headpiece_n can_v hardly_o resist_v the_o stroke_n of_o the_o first_o and_o push_v of_o the_o other_o and_o that_o all_o arm_n either_o for_o man_n or_o horse_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a be_v of_o steel_n and_o iron_n well_o boil_v with_o the_o juice_n of_o certain_a herb_n only_o know_v to_o the_o forger_n which_o make_v they_o so_o excellent_a he_o add_v that_o these_o arm_n be_v buy_v by_o the_o turk_n at_o excessive_a rate_n but_o true_o i_o think_v it_o be_v no_o good_a policy_n to_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v sell_v at_o any_o rate_n to_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n and_o so_o malignant_a a_o neighbour_n but_o perhaps_o no_o inhibition_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n for_o auri_fw-la sacra_fw-la fames_fw-la hearken_v to_o no_o law_n john_n petyt_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o forementioned_a place_n that_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o lance._n the_o hollander_n reject_v the_o lance._n unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1599_o forbid_v their_o cavalry_n to_o make_v use_v any_o more_o of_o the_o lance_n but_o i_o find_v in_o bentivoglio_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o spanish_a army_n by_o archduke_n albert_n and_o marquis_n spinola_n in_o the_o year_n 1612_o after_o the_o truce_n with_o the_o hollander_n but_o the_o state_n command_v their_o horseman_n to_o wear_v coat_n above_o their_o armour_n these_o coat_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o he_o or_o they_o who_o wear_v they_o be_v fine_a rich_a and_o glister_a and_o be_v ordinary_o call_v coat_n of_o arms._n the_o grecian_n call_v they_o ephaestry_n and_o the_o roman_n chlamides_n but_o now_o since_o few_o man_n be_v arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a few_o need_v coat_n of_o arms._n the_o ancient_n make_v use_v of_o bow_n and_o arrow_n on_o horseback_n and_o so_o in_o late_a horseback_n archer_n on_o horseback_n time_n have_v the_o walacbians_n and_o transylvanian_n and_o so_o do_v the_o french_a till_o the_o practice_n of_o hand_n gun_n make_v they_o useless_a and_o yet_o with_o they_o horseman_n arm_v with_o pistol_n be_v still_o call_v archer_n a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o french_a archer_n who_o attend_v the_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr carry_v in_o their_o hand_n a_o half_a lance_n and_o one_o pistol_n at_o their_o saddle_n and_o a_o sword_n arms._n french_a arms._n at_o their_o side_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o light_a horseman_n differ_v little_a from_o these_o the_o harquebusier_n have_v sword_n at_o their_o side_n and_o harquebuse_n at_o their_o saddle_n the_o barrel_n whereof_o be_v three_o foot_n long_o about_o seventy_o year_n ago_o the_o estate_n of_o holland_n order_v these_o horseman_n who_o they_o call_v carabiner_n to_o carry_v horse_n hollander_n arm_n for_o horse_n each_o of_o they_o a_o piece_n three_o foot_n long_o and_o their_o other_o horseman_n pistol_n at_o their_o saddle_n the_o barrel_n whereof_o be_v two_o foot_n long_o general_o now_o all_o horseman_n whether_o câ—â—rassiers_n or_o harquebusier_n carry_v sword_n at_o their_o side_n and_o a_o case_n of_o pistol_n at_o their_o saddle_n and_o these_o be_v most_o all_o their_o offensive_a weapon_n except_o that_o some_o carry_v carabine_n some_o whereof_z have_v barrel_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o but_o ordinary_o only_a three_o the_o pistol_n be_v invent_v first_o by_o camillo_n vitelli_n a_o italian_a when_o ferdinand_n of_o invent_v the_o pistol_n when_o invent_v arragon_n reign_v in_o spain_n charles_n the_o eight_o and_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o in_o france_n henry_n the_o eight_o in_o england_n and_o james_n the_o five_o in_o scotland_n not_o above_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o consequent_o more_o than_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o german_a monk_n have_v find_v out_o gunpowder_n the_o harquebus_n be_v of_o a_o old_a date_n the_o bear_v of_o the_o pistol_n long_o ago_o be_v make_v for_o twenty_o â—ore_o it_o be_v â—ore_o bullet_n in_o one_o pound_n of_o lead_n but_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o ball_n enter_v not_o easy_o general_o they_o cast_v one_o pound_n of_o lead_n in_o four_o and_o twenty_o pistol-ball_n the_o half_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o powder_n serve_v if_o it_o be_v good_a if_o not_o they_o take_v two_o
argument_n seven_o argument_n enemy_n will_v send_v horseman_n and_o musketeer_n against_o they_o who_o will_v kill_v they_o all_o and_o never_o come_v near_o they_o to_o answer_v this_o i_o must_v tell_v he_o that_o here_o answer_v answer_v and_o in_o most_o of_o his_o argument_n he_o presuppose_v still_o a_o body_n of_o pike_n subsist_v of_o itself_o without_o either_o horseman_n or_o fire-man_n which_o alter_v the_o question_n and_o this_o be_v a_o speculative_a notion_n of_o he_o for_o that_o which_o i_o defend_v be_v that_o pikeman_n be_v necessary_a in_o a_o army_n and_o the_o strength_n and_o body_n of_o a_o army_n not_o that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a necessary_a member_n of_o a_o army_n i_o never_o mean_v that_o and_o that_o which_o he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a and_o here_o he_o mention_n general_n morgan_n retreat_n with_o some_o english_a regiment_n from_o the_o long_a line_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verdun_n in_o which_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o business_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o the_o pike_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o retreat_n reserve_v that_o discourse_n to_o another_o place_n but_o because_o i_o have_v traverse_v most_o of_o that_o ground_n often_o than_o once_o i_o shall_v tell_v my_o reader_n that_o christian_a the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v make_v a_o unprosperous_a war_n against_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o retire_v himself_o to_o his_o duchy_n of_o hâ—lstein_n general_n retreat_n morgan_n retreat_n morgan_n be_v force_v by_o the_o imperial_a lieutenant_n general_n tili_n to_o retire_v from_o the_o long_a line_n to_o a_o place_n call_v burg_n within_o four_o english_a mile_n of_o bremen_n this_o place_n be_v but_o pitiful_o fortify_v give_v he_o only_a time_n to_o breath_n and_o leave_v some_o man_n in_o it_o who_o be_v give_v for_o lose_a the_o english_a general_n march_v towards_o bremerford_n a_o strong_a castle_n and_o a_o pass_n twelve_o english_a mile_n from_o burg_n tili_n pursue_v and_o in_o the_o pursuit_n kill_v and_o take_v many_o english_a at_o bremerford_n morgan_n rest_v but_o little_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o pass_n it_o cast_v tili_n so_o far_o behind_o that_o morgan_n with_o some_o more_o losâ—_n get_v into_o the_o town_n of_o stead_n with_o the_o gross_a of_o his_o army_n here_o he_o be_v besiege_v by_o tili_n which_o he_o gallant_o defend_v till_o for_o want_v of_o succour_n he_o yield_v the_o place_n on_o honourable_a condition_n now_o what_o do_v all_o this_o militate_fw-la against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n nothing_o that_o i_o know_v of_o mr._n lupton_n say_v the_o pike_n perform_v not_o the_o retreat_n i_o grant_v not_o alone_o neither_o do_v the_o musketeer_n but_o both_o do_v together_o and_o in_o most_o of_o that_o ground_n the_o pike_n can_v not_o but_o be_v very_o serviceable_a against_o the_o imperial_a horse_n he_o say_v many_o musketeer_n be_v lose_v i_o believe_v he_o and_o so_o be_v many_o pikeman_n and_o who_o know_v not_o that_o in_o retreat_n both_o pike-man_n and_o musketeer_n must_v be_v leave_v behind_o and_o give_v for_o lose_v for_o they_o be_v the_o true_a enfans_fw-fr perdus_fw-fr there_o be_v no_o wise_a patient_n but_o will_v choose_v rather_o to_o suffer_v his_o arm_n or_o leg_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o rather_o than_o lose_v his_o whole_a body_n and_o better_o save_v a_o part_n of_o a_o army_n than_o lose_v all_o and_o in_o that_o place_n our_o author_n take_v occasion_n to_o instance_n some_o as_o he_o think_v disadvantage_n that_o morgan_n have_v by_o his_o pike-man_n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v he_o but_o shall_v tell_v he_o for_o all_o that_o that_o when_o that_o general_n return_v to_o holland_n to_o the_o service_n of_o his_o old_a master_n the_o estate_n i_o never_o hear_v that_o he_o offer_v to_o advise_v the_o then_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o banish_v the_o pike_n as_o a_o unnecessary_a weapon_n out_o of_o his_o army_n or_o if_o he_o do_v he_o prevail_v as_o little_a with_o he_o as_o mr._n lupton_n do_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n to_o do_v the_o like_a to_o who_o he_o dedicate_v this_o book_n which_o i_o now_o endeavour_v to_o examine_v eight_o he_o say_v pike-man_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o horse_n and_o argument_n eight_o argument_n why_o so_o true_o if_o they_o can_v do_v that_o i_o agree_v they_o be_v useless_a because_o say_v he_o the_o horseman_n may_v stand_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n from_o they_o and_o bestow_v both_o their_o pistol_n and_o carabine_n shoot_v upon_o they_o and_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o their_o pike_n i_o answer_v first_o if_o horseman_n come_v no_o answer_v answer_v near_a pike-man_n than_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n their_o pistol_n will_v do_v they_o little_a hurt_n second_o this_o argument_n presuppose_v once_o more_o a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n without_o either_o fire-man_n or_o horseman_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v of_o no_o force_n three_o it_o presuppose_v that_o the_o pike-man_n be_v oblige_v to_o stand-still_a and_o receive_v all_o the_o horseman_n shot_n and_o never_o move_v but_o i_o must_v add_v that_o while_o the_o horseman_n be_v fire_v if_o the_o pike-man_n advance_v upon_o they_o it_o will_v undeniable_o produce_v one_o of_o these_o three_o effect_n either_o it_o will_v necessitate_v the_o horseman_n to_o charge_n through_o the_o foot_n which_o they_o can_v do_v without_o loss_n if_o they_o do_v it_o at_o all_o and_o so_o they_o will_v neither_o kill_v nor_o rout_n the_o pike-man_n at_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n or_o it_o will_v force_v the_o horseman_n to_o stand_v still_o which_o will_v be_v a_o great_a danger_n and_o loss_n or_o it_o will_v make_v they_o quit_v the_o field_n the_o great_a loss_n of_o all_o by_o quit_v the_o fâ—â—ld_n i_o mean_v the_o horse_n man_n must_v either_o fly_v or_o caragol_n by_o either_o of_o which_o the_o pike-man_n be_v master_n of_o that_o ground_n the_o horse_n stand_v on_o till_o another_o squadron_n of_o horse_n advance_v against_o they_o and_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v they_o from_o it_o who_o perhaps_o may_v have_v the_o same_o success_n nine_o he_o say_v the_o arm_v a_o pikeman_n he_o suppose_v with_o defensive_a as_o argument_n nine_o argument_n well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o expensive_a to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n than_o the_o arm_a a_o musketeer_n for_o he_o say_v a_o musketeer_n may_v be_v complete_o arm_v for_o twenty_o two_o or_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n sterling_n a_o pikeman_n not_o under_o thirty_o five_o but_o this_o be_v a_o superfluous_a argument_n for_o if_o he_o once_o demonstrate_v answer_v answer_v the_o uselessness_n of_o the_o pike_n it_o shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v he_o that_o neither_o prince_n noâ—_n state_n shall_v bestow_v any_o thing_n for_o arm_v a_o pikeman_n but_o if_o a_o pike_n be_v still_o find_v necessary_a than_o it_o will_v be_v a_o 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draw_v it_o this_o invention_n of_o count_n mansfield_n have_v be_v assure_o as_o to_o ordnance_n the_o best_a and_o most_o profitable_a these_o three_o bypass_a age_n can_v boast_v of_o both_o to_o save_v expense_n and_o to_o further_a expedition_n but_o this_o good_a man_n tell_v we_o not_o how_o the_o earl_n do_v all_o this_o only_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o he_o know_v so_o well_o to_o boil_v the_o melt_a metal_n in_o the_o fire_n that_o though_o it_o have_v less_o thickness_n yet_o it_o have_v equal_a hardness_n with_o the_o great_a gun_n but_o i_o think_v that_o not_o only_o the_o hardness_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o metal_n shall_v resist_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o powder_n and_o therefore_o piece_n be_v more_o fortify_v at_o the_o touchhole_n trunion_n and_o musle_z than_o at_o any_o place_n else_o but_o not_o have_v hear_v that_o this_o rare_a invention_n be_v practise_v afterward_o in_o all_o these_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n which_o have_v be_v in_o 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hence_o you_o may_v conclude_v that_o a_o numerous_a train_n must_v of_o necessity_n retard_v the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n either_o in_o pursue_v or_o retire_v in_o the_o first_o case_n all_o or_o most_o of_o it_o may_v be_v leave_v with_o conveniency_n to_o follow_v but_o in_o the_o second_o there_o be_v very_o great_a difficulty_n and_o many_o time_n the_o endeavour_v to_o save_v it_o have_v occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o army_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o artillery_n serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n to_o make_v a_o enemy_n either_o remove_v his_o camp_n if_o it_o be_v within_o the_o range_n of_o the_o ordnance_n or_o come_v out_o and_o fight_v that_o it_o force_v town_n and_o fort_n to_o yield_v we_o know_v but_o we_o must_v confess_v for_o all_o that_o that_o few_o battle_n have_v be_v win_v by_o artillery_n for_o as_o monluc_n say_v of_o the_o cannon_n il_fw-fr fait_fw-fr plus_fw-fr de_fw-fr peur_fw-fr que_fw-fr du_fw-fr mal_fw-fr it_o frighten_v more_o expensive_a artillery_n very_o expensive_a than_o it_o hurt_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n be_v of_o exceed_v great_a consequence_n to_o a_o prince_n or_o a_o state_n therefore_o the_o less_o the_o train_n be_v the_o expense_n will_v be_v the_o less_o and_o the_o expedition_n the_o great_a there_o be_v some_o who_o in_o their_o write_n of_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o other_o essential_a member_n of_o army_n instance_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n but_o i_o say_v other_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v not_o to_o take_v up_o their_o measure_n either_o in_o their_o train_n of_o artillery_n or_o other_o point_n of_o war_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o regard_n few_o or_o none_o of_o they_o that_o i_o know_v have_v such_o advantage_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o their_o country_n as_o those_o estate_n have_v who_o by_o water_n for_o most_o part_n may_v transport_v their_o ordnance_n their_o provision_n their_o munition_n their_o instrument_n and_o sometime_o their_o soldier_n which_o other_o prince_n must_v carry_v all_o by_o land_n with_o horse_n and_o wagon_n except_o the_o man_n unless_o they_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o some_o navigable_a river_n which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o it_o be_v not_o every_o army_n that_o either_o be_v or_o can_v be_v allow_v either_o a_o full_a train_n or_o yet_o a_o general_n of_o artillery_n many_o of_o these_o call_v fly_v army_n have_v no_o gun_n at_o all_o with_o they_o and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v only_o some_o field-piece_n which_o be_v draw_v with_o very_a few_o horse_n need_v not_o much_o obstruct_v the_o speedy_a march_n of_o a_o army_n i_o have_v know_v divers_a army_n at_o one_o time_n in_o germany_n under_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n each_o one_o whereof_o have_v but_o a_o petty_a train_n and_o that_o order_v by_o a_o colonel_n or_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n but_o there_o be_v only_o one_o general_n of_o the_o army_n a_o great_a train_n not_o necessary_a with_o every_o army_n artillery_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a command_n of_o all_o the_o ordnance_n in_o all_o the_o army_n and_o he_o stay_v constant_o with_o the_o feel_a marshal_n of_o the_o principal_a army_n i_o know_v the_o late_a king_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o have_v two_o brave_a army_n though_o both_o unsuccessful_a the_o one_o ordain_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o holstein_n and_o jutland_n the_o other_o for_o schonen_fw-mi the_o train_n appoint_v for_o each_o of_o they_o be_v order_v by_o a_o colonel_n and_o there_o be_v neither_o general_n nor_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n with_o either_o of_o they_o whether_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o prince_n or_o a_o free_a state_n to_o keep_v one_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n to_o have_v inspection_n over_o all_o the_o ordnance_n all_o the_o munition_n of_o war_n and_o all_o the_o arm_n within_o that_o kingdom_n or_o republic_n or_o rather_o to_o intrust_v several_a person_n with_o the_o several_a magazine_n shall_v not_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o that_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v have_v storehouse_n arsenal_n and_o magazine_n well_o stuff_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a with_o great_a and_o small_a ordnance_n with_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n and_o all_o the_o several_a material_n of_o their_o composition_n with_o mortar_n pot_n piece_n petard_n and_o granado_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v as_o i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n which_o will_v be_v grant_v as_o necessary_a beyond_o all_o controversy_n in_o such_o a_o army_n as_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o army_n royal_a which_o some_o royal._n army_n royal._n think_v shall_v consist_v of_o eighteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o thousand_o horse_n that_o take_v the_o field_n with_o a_o design_n to_o fight_v with_o any_o that_o oppose_v it_o and_o a_o resolution_n to_o do_v that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v levy_v whether_o that_o be_v to_o fight_v battle_n pass_v river_n or_o take_v in_o town_n and_o forâ—_n in_o such_o a_o army_n i_o say_v there_o shall_v be_v so_o great_a a_o train_n of_o artillery_n as_o be_v suitable_a with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o attempt_n wherein_o train_n it_o be_v train_n nothing_o must_v be_v want_v that_o can_v help_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o design_n in_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v cannon_n for_o battery_n culverines_n of_o all_o sort_n field-piece_n mortar_n great_a abundance_n of_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n and_o granado_n with_o all_o instrument_n and_o necessary_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o ordnance_n for_o this_o train_n be_v require_v a_o great_a many_o expert_a and_o ready_a gunner_n and_o constable_n beside_o the_o gentleman_n captain_n and_o conductor_n as_o also_o a_o huge_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o ox_n wagon_n and_o cart_n to_o draw_v and_o transport_v it_o from_o place_n to_o place_n the_o swedish_n train_v of_o artillery_n
landtgrave_n eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o horse_n to_o the_o queen_n thirty_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o the_o aggregate_v be_v forty_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o add_v the_o landtgrave_n twenty_o two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o foot_n to_o the_o queen_n seventy_o nine_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o both_o the_o infantry_n amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o and_o sixty_o now_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o when_o their_o army_n be_v cass_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v nay_o nor_o come_v near_o the_o half_a of_o these_o number_n for_o if_o you_o add_v the_o number_n of_o the_o infantry_n to_o that_o of_o the_o cavalry_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v a_o hundred_o forty_o six_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o now_o i_o conceive_v thirty_o colonel_n may_v have_v command_v all_o the_o cavalry_n and_o thirty_o three_o colonel_n all_o the_o infantry_n these_o will_v have_v be_v in_o all_o but_o sixty_o three_o regiment_n and_o i_o be_o very_o sure_a there_o be_v not_o so_o few_o colonel_n as_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o so_o there_o may_v have_v be_v save_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o eighty_o regiment_n both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o at_o that_o time_n too_o when_o they_o be_v to_o give_v their_o officer_n a_o little_a satisfaction-money_n for_o so_o it_o be_v call_v in_o lieâ—_n of_o all_o their_o arrear_n when_o they_o disband_v they_o and_o true_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o unless_o some_o new_a emergency_n or_o some_o unlooked_a levy_n recruit_n better_a than_o levy_n for_o disaster_n seem_v to_o require_v it_o the_o constant_a recruit_v old_a troop_n and_o company_n may_v advance_v a_o prince_n â—ervice_n as_o much_o and_o save_v his_o treasure_n much_o more_o than_o the_o levy_n new_a regiment_n do_v which_o still_o draw_v both_o trouble_n and_o expense_n along_o with_o it_o but_o it_o be_v time_n for_o i_o to_o forbear_v for_o perhaps_o i_o have_v go_v too_o far_o since_o money_n be_v general_o scarce_o in_o the_o war_n in_o so_o much_o that_o soldier_n can_v receive_v their_o wage_n due_o let_v we_o see_v what_o allowance_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n ordinary_o call_v proviant_a prince_n allow_v their_o soldiery_n to_o furnish_v which_o every_o army_n shall_v have_v a_o general_n proviant-master_n and_o true_o i_o conceive_v he_o to_o be_v a_o officer_n as_o necessary_a and_o useful_a if_o not_o more_o in_o the_o field_n where_o most_o our_o modern_a army_n be_v entertain_v with_o proviant_a as_o either_o a_o general_n commissary_n or_o a_o treasurer_n his_o charge_n be_v to_o provide_v victual_n corn_n flesh_n wine_n bread_n and_o beer_n he_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o they_o and_o shall_v see_v they_o equal_o and_o proportionable_o divide_v to_o the_o regiment_n according_a to_o their_o several_a strength_n for_o which_o purpose_n he_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o roll_n and_o list_n duty_n a_o proviant-master_n general_n his_o duty_n by_o he_o which_o his_o secretary_n shall_v careful_o keep_v he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o sell_v any_o proviant_a under_o what_o pretence_n soever_o without_o the_o general_n express_a warrant_n all_o mill_n where_o the_o army_n come_v be_v under_o his_o protection_n and_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o protect_v they_o he_o have_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o magazine_n for_o victual_n and_o to_o he_o belong_v the_o care_n of_o see_v the_o garrison_n and_o fortify_v place_n sufficient_o provide_v with_o such_o meat_n and_o drink_n as_o be_v place_n provision_n for_o fortify_v place_n most_o fit_a to_o preserve_v these_o be_v corn_n grain_n and_o meal_n of_o several_a kind_n stockfish_n herring_n and_o all_o other_o salted-fish_n salt_v and_o hung-fleshes_a especial_o beef_n and_o bacon_n cheese_n butter_n almond_n chestnut_n and_o hazelnut_n wine_n beer_n malt_n honey_n vinegar_n oil_n tabaco_n wood_n and_o coal_n for_o fire_v and_o as_o many_o live_a ox_n cow_n sheep_n and_o swine_n hen_n and_o turkey_n as_o can_v be_v convenient_o say_v for_o which_o purpose_n as_o also_o for_o horse_n he_o be_v to_o provide_v straw_n hay_o and_o oat_n this_o general_a proviant-master_n have_v under_o he_o a_o lieutenant_n a_o secretary_n a_o clerk_n a_o smith_n a_o waggonmaster_n and_o a_o waggon-maker_n a_o quartermaster_n and_o some_o officer_n who_o be_v call_v director_n there_o be_v few_o prince_n who_o have_v not_o their_o particular_a establishment_n for_o their_o proviant_a both_o in_o field_n and_o garrison_n as_o well_o as_o for_o money_n the_o order_n proviant_a allowance_n of_o proviant_a whereof_o common_o be_v this_o they_o allow_v so_o much_o bread_n flesh_n wine_n or_o beer_n to_o every_o trooper_n and_o foot_n soldier_n which_o ordinary_o be_v alike_o to_o both_o then_o they_o allow_v to_o the_o officer_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o charge_n double_a triple_a and_o quadruple_a portion_n as_o to_o a_o ensign_n four_o time_n more_o than_o to_o a_o common_a soldier_n a_o colonel_n have_v common_o twelve_o portion_n allow_v he_o the_o ordinary_a allowance_n for_o a_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n be_v daily_o two_o pound_n of_o bread_n one_o pound_n of_o flesh_n or_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o one_o pound_n of_o cheese_n one_o pottle_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o two_o pottle_n of_o beer_n it_o be_v enough_o cry_v the_o soldier_n we_o desire_v no_o more_o and_o it_o be_v enough_o in_o conscience_n but_o this_o allowance_n will_v not_o last_v very_o long_o they_o must_v be_v content_v to_o maâ—ch_v sometime_o one_o whole_a week_n and_o scarce_o get_v two_o pound_n of_o bread_n all_o the_o while_n and_o their_o officer_n as_o little_a as_o they_o who_o if_o they_o have_v no_o provision_n of_o their_o own_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o must_v be_v satisfy_v with_o commis-bread_n and_o cold_a water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a soldier_n unless_o they_o have_v money_n to_o buy_v better_a entertainment_n from_o sutler_n i_o have_v know_v captain_n give_v a_o very_a great_a demonstration_n of_o their_o patience_n and_o their_o affection_n to_o their_o master_n service_n by_o satisfy_v their_o appetite_n with_o water_n and_o very_o coarse_a bread_n one_o whole_a summer_n and_o part_n of_o the_o next_o winter_n but_o they_o will_v be_v refresh_v when_o i_o tell_v they_o of_o free_a quarter_n which_o prince_n regulate_v free_a quarter_n very_a burden_n some_o to_o a_o country_n though_o never_o so_o well_o regulate_v and_o their_o general_n be_v many_o time_n force_v for_o want_n of_o money_n to_o grant_v where_o they_o can_v quarter_v their_o army_n in_o town_n and_o village_n and_o this_o prove_v oft_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o country_n for_o though_o no_o exorbitancy_n be_v commit_v and_o that_o every_o man_n both_o officer_n and_o soldier_n demand_v â—o_o other_o entertainment_n than_o what_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n where_o they_o serve_v yet_o when_o a_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v but_o close_o and_o near_o together_o to_o prevent_v infall_n anslacht_n and_o surprisal_n of_o a_o enemy_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o imagine_v what_o a_o heavy_a burden_n these_o place_n bear_v who_o in_o poor_a man_n house_n six_o seven_o eight_o it_o may_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o soldier_n be_v lodge_v for_o in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o quarter_v two_o thousand_o foot_n or_o a_o thousand_o horse_n in_o a_o little_a town_n where_o perhaps_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o house_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o get_v soldier_n and_o horseman_n keep_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o duty_n in_o these_o quarter_n after_o they_o have_v endure_v hunger_n thirst_n and_o other_o hardship_n in_o the_o field_n it_o be_v true_a all_o prince_n who_o for_o preservation_n of_o their_o army_n from_o extreme_a ruin_n and_o for_o want_v of_o treasure_n be_v necessitate_v too_o often_o to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o free_a quarter_n do_v not_o only_o make_v strict_a law_n and_o ordinance_n how_o many_o time_n a_o day_n officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v to_o eat_v and_o how_o many_o dish_n every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o quality_n be_v to_o call_v for_o but_o likewise_o set_v down_o the_o precise_a rate_n and_o value_v of_o the_o dish_n that_o the_o host_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o do_v beyond_o those_o limitation_n yet_o the_o grievance_n continue_v heavy_a and_o great_a the_o ordinance_n concern_v free_a quarter_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o king_n of_o quarter_n ordinance_n for_o free_a quarter_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o german_a prince_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n with_o little_a difference_n all_o one_o as_o thus_o a_o colonel_n be_v to_o have_v twelve_o dish_n of_o meat_n each_o at_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o dollar_n ten_o pound_n of_o bread_n and_o ten_o measure_n of_o wine_n a_o
foot_n without_o any_o horse_n though_o i_o confess_v not_o so_o well_o but_o that_o it_o can_v be_v so_o without_o foot_n be_v a_o pure_a speculation_n why_o shall_v then_o officer_n of_o horse_n be_v so_o overween_v as_o to_o pretend_v to_o a_o superiority_n over_o commander_n of_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n with_o themselves_o since_o they_o themselves_o may_v with_o less_o hurt_n and_o less_o inconvenience_n be_v spare_v out_o of_o a_o army_n than_o those_o of_o the_o infantry_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v with_o what_o right_a a_o officer_n of_o horse_n can_v pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o officer_n of_o dragoon_n of_o the_o like_a quality_n for_o that_o dragoon_n be_v reckon_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o cavalry_n though_o their_o service_n be_v on_o foot_n will_v only_o entitle_v the_o general_n or_o lieutenant-general_n or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n to_o command_v over_o they_o but_o not_o a_o ritmaster_n to_o give_v order_n to_o a_o captain_n of_o dragoon_n unless_o he_o can_v show_v a_o elder_a patent_n yet_o when_o i_o serve_v in_o germany_n this_o emperor_n father_n order_v a_o colonel-general_n over_o all_o his_o dragoon_n but_o whether_o he_o be_v independent_a from_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o horse_n i_o can_v so_o well_o tell_v and_o if_o in_o the_o field_n the_o commander_n of_o horse_n ought_v not_o to_o assume_v this_o superiority_n much_o less_o ought_v they_o to_o do_v it_o in_o garrison_n town_n castle_n or_o yet_o in_o barricade_a village_n for_o these_o do_v resemble_v fortify_v place_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n notwithstanding_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o understand_v well_o enough_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o hard_a digestion_n for_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n though_o within_o a_o fort_n or_o wall_a town_n to_o receive_v order_n from_o a_o foot-officer_n of_o a_o low_a quality_n than_o himself_o suppose_v a_o colonel_n of_o horse_n to_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o foot_n or_o a_o major_n of_o horse_n under_o a_o captain_n of_o foot_n for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o subordination_n between_o they_o yet_o when_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o high_a quality_n be_v command_v by_o one_o of_o a_o inferior_a degree_n it_o bring_v superior_a charge_n in_o disrespect_n and_o disesteem_v which_o will_v careful_o be_v avoid_v koningsmark_n who_o become_v a_o famous_a general_n in_o the_o german_a war_n when_o he_o be_v colonel_n of_o horse_n come_v to_o lie_v with_o some_o of_o his_o troop_n in_o osnabrug_n where_o lieutenant_n colonel_n lumsdaine_n command_v in_o absence_n of_o his_o brother_n sir_n james_n koningsmark_n pretend_v to_o that_o command_n protest_v that_o if_o sir_n james_n who_o be_v a_o colonel_n have_v be_v there_o he_o will_v willing_o have_v submit_v to_o his_o command_n but_o that_o either_o himself_o or_o any_o other_o colonel_n shall_v receive_v order_n from_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n be_v a_o thing_n he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v understand_v a_o temperament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o mediate_v between_o they_o and_o the_o expedient_a be_v that_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n shall_v keep_v the_o key_n and_o exercise_v all_o other_o function_n of_o a_o governor_n except_o the_o give_v the_o word_n which_o the_o colonel_n of_o horse_n shall_v give_v week_n about_o this_o save_v the_o lieutenant-colonel_n interest_n and_o the_o colonel_n reputation_n the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n order_v that_o where_o two_o or_o more_o colonel_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n be_v in_o the_o field_n or_o quarter_n together_o without_o any_o general_a officer_n to_o command_v above_o they_o the_o colonel_n who_o have_v the_o elder_a commission_n shall_v command_v in_o chief_a whether_o he_o serve_v to_o horse_n or_o to_o foot_n and_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o other_o officer_n under_o a_o colonel_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o many_o several_a colonel_n may_v have_v receive_v their_o patent_n all_o in_o one_o day_n or_o that_o otherwise_o their_o antiquity_n may_v be_v debateable_a in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v order_v that_o they_o shall_v cast_v lot_n which_o be_v a_o excellent_a way_n for_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n have_v leâ—t_v it_o on_o record_n in_o the_o best_a of_o book_n that_o the_o lot_n cause_v contention_n to_o cease_v and_o part_v between_o the_o mighty_a now_o why_o shall_v any_o soldier_n or_o why_o shall_v any_o general_n nay_o why_o shall_v any_o prince_n be_v ashamed_a to_o follow_v the_o rule_n or_o example_n of_o so_o famous_a a_o king_n or_o so_o renown_v a_o captain_n as_o great_a gustavus_n be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v have_v speak_v so_o much_o to_o the_o first_o question_n i_o suppose_v i_o need_v speak_v but_o little_a to_o the_o second_o which_o you_o may_v remember_v i_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o be_v whether_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n may_v command_v a_o 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fatherless_a and_o father_n childless_a he_o may_v lose_v the_o honour_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o whole_a province_n yea_o of_o a_o whole_a kingdom_n all_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o office_n and_o charge_n to_o preserve_v the_o consideration_n of_o these_o thing_n move_v most_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o emperor_n person_n a_o prince_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n in_o person_n and_o those_o of_o latter_a time_n likewise_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n and_o lead_v their_o army_n in_o person_n those_o who_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o first_o four_o monarchy_n do_v so_o as_o in_o the_o assyrian_a nimrod_n belus_n ninus_n and_o semiramis_n and_o when_o their_o posterity_n do_v it_o not_o their_o empire_n be_v in_o the_o wain_n and_o end_v with_o sardanapalus_n who_o hide_v himself_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n among_o his_o woman_n cyrus_n lead_v his_o army_n himself_o so_o do_v some_o of_o his_o successor_n but_o when_o other_o of_o they_o stay_v at_o home_n and_o send_v their_o lieutenant_n abroad_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n decay_v and_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o great_a alexander_n who_o manage_v his_o war_n in_o person_n and_o so_o do_v those_o great_a captain_n of_o he_o who_o cut_v out_o kingdom_n to_o themselves_o out_o of_o their_o master_n conquest_n but_o their_o successor_n lose_v they_o by_o sit_v idle_a at_o home_n and_o employ_v their_o general_n abroad_o many_o roman_a emperor_n after_o augustus_n go_v to_o their_o war_n in_o person_n whereby_o they_o preserve_v their_o imperial_a dignity_n but_o when_o other_o employ_v their_o lieutenant_n though_o many_o of_o these_o be_v excellent_a man_n and_o often_o victorious_a the_o empire_n be_v tear_v in_o piece_n the_o king_n of_o leon_n navarr_n castille_n portugal_n and_o arragon_n after_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o gothish_a monarchy_n in_o spain_n go_v to_o the_o field_n in_o person_n and_o recover_v it_o many_o instance_n to_o prove_v it_o those_o kingdom_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o saracen_n when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n of_o the_o merovingian_n and_o carolomannian_a race_n keep_v within_o their_o palace_n and_o suffer_v the_o major_n thereof_o to_o govern_v their_o army_n they_o lose_v their_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o england_n use_v most_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n themselves_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o lead_v his_o great_a army_n himself_o and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v always_o victorious_a for_o his_o loss_n at_o algiers_n occasion_v by_o the_o visible_a hand_n of_o heaven_n and_o his_o force_a retreat_n from_o inspruck_a and_o the_o siege_n of_o metz_n be_v but_o small_a blemish_n in_o the_o beautiful_a and_o fair_a map_n of_o his_o victorious_a reign_n but_o since_o his_o time_n his_o successor_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v sit_v at_o home_n and_o entrust_v their_o army_n to_o their_o general_n and_o we_o see_v that_o their_o wide_a and_o far_o stretch_v monarchy_n have_v be_v since_o that_o emperor_n time_n in_o a_o constant_a decadency_n all_o the_o king_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o ottoman_a race_n go_v in_o person_n to_o the_o war_n till_o selimus_n the_o second_o change_v that_o custom_n and_o since_o that_o time_n none_o of_o they_o have_v do_v action_n by_o their_o bassa_n comparable_a to_o those_o of_o their_o ancestor_n in_o our_o own_o day_n the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o entrust_v the_o manage_n his_o war_n against_o gustavus_n adolphus_n to_o his_o general_n wallenstein_n ty_o and_o pappenheim_n all_o brave_a and_o great_a captain_n yet_o that_o martial_a king_n be_v in_o person_n on_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n prevail_v over_o they_o all_o we_o may_v perceive_v the_o great_a odds_o of_o manage_v a_o war_n by_o a_o prince_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o by_o his_o captain_n general_n by_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o action_n of_o two_o brother_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a prince_n these_o be_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o compare_v action_n of_o two_o brother_n compare_v five_o of_o who_o i_o but_o just_a now_o speak_v and_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n hungaria_n and_o bohemia_n the_o first_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v lead_v his_o most_o considerable_a army_n himself_o the_o second_o stay_v constant_o at_o home_n and_o send_v his_o captain_n general_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n of_o great_a importance_n mark_v the_o issue_n ferdinand_n lose_v three_o royal_a army_n each_o of_o they_o compose_v of_o a_o well_o appoint_v cavalry_n infantry_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n one_o of_o they_o at_o esâ—câ—hiâ—_n under_o cazzianer_n another_o at_o buda_n under_o rocandolf_n and_o the_o three_o at_o pesth_n under_o joachiâ—â—_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o three_o be_v woeful_o and_o shameful_o lose_v without_o fight_v and_o if_o any_o think_v that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o all_o the_o three_o or_o any_o one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o the_o prince_n own_o presence_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o undoubted_o it_o have_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v this_o because_o that_o which_o lose_v they_o all_o be_v the_o irresolution_n of_o the_o general_n who_o dare_v neither_o fight_n nor_o retire_v in_o time_n as_o be_v rich_a and_o wary_a to_o hazard_v that_o which_o be_v not_o their_o owâ—â—_n whereas_o ferdinand_n if_o he_o have_v be_v present_a will_v quick_o have_v resolve_v either_o on_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o will_v have_v either_o retire_v in_o time_n and_o save_v all_o his_o three_o army_n or_o have_v fight_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v be_v victorious_a or_o will_v have_v be_v beat_v with_o more_o glory_n to_o himself_o and_o mischief_n to_o his_o insolent_a enemy_n and_o this_o be_v more_o particular_o clear_a in_o that_o army_n command_v by_o rocandolf_n who_o after_o multitude_n of_o infidel_n be_v already_o arrive_v
his_o master_n king_n joram_n and_o slay_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o behead_v seventy_o of_o his_o brethren_n pekah_n a_o captain_n conspire_v against_o king_n pekaliah_n kill_v he_o and_o make_v himself_o king_n profane_a story_n will_v furnish_v more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n than_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v rehearse_v the_o emperor_n mauritius_n be_v force_v to_o see_v his_o wife_n empire_n the_o empire_n and_o child_n head_n strike_v off_o and_o then_o receive_v the_o same_o measure_n himself_o by_o his_o general_n phocas_n who_o usurp_v the_o empire_n how_o pepin_n and_o hugh_n capet_n both_o 〈…〉_o france_n 〈…〉_o major_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o general_n of_o the_o force_n use_v two_o king_n of_o france_n by_o disburden_v their_o head_n of_o their_o two_o crown_n and_o clap_v they_o upon_o their_o own_o be_v story_n well_o enough_o know_v to_o any_o who_o have_v read_v the_o french_a history_n the_o caliphs_n of_o egypt_n and_o babylon_n have_v their_o estate_n and_o dignity_n and_o some_o of_o they_o their_o life_n take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o sultan_n who_o be_v their_o captain_n general_n in_o our_o own_o time_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o emperor_n of_o germany_n wallenstein_n wallenstein_n be_v like_a to_o pay_v dear_a for_o make_v wallenstein_n generalissimo_n of_o all_o his_o army_n for_o by_o that_o power_n that_o haughty_a captain_n general_n go_v fair_a to_o have_v root_v out_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n in_o germany_n which_o have_v chain_v the_o roman_a eagle_n in_o that_o family_n for_o some_o age_n and_o to_o have_v make_v himself_o king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o boot_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n a_o subject_n will_v be_v very_o wary_a and_o cautious_a to_o undergo_v a_o charge_n subject_n will_v be_v wary_a to_o undertake_v this_o great_a charge_n charge_n so_o burdensome_a and_o dangerous_a as_o that_o of_o the_o supreme_a command_n of_o all_o army_n belong_v to_o either_o prince_n or_o free_a state_n for_o though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v want_v to_o his_o duty_n yet_o if_o in_o the_o manage_n of_o his_o charge_n he_o have_v miscarry_v by_o chance_n or_o misfortune_n he_o may_v make_v account_n to_o pay_v dear_o for_o it_o unless_o he_o have_v to_o do_v with_o both_o a_o just_a and_o a_o merciful_a master_n and_o if_o he_o be_v so_o fortunate_a to_o do_v those_o exploit_n which_o extend_v the_o dominion_n and_o add_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o benefit_n dangerous_a as_o very_o dangerous_a of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n who_o he_o serve_v he_o have_v do_v but_o his_o duty_n and_o can_v crave_v no_o reward_n but_o ex_fw-la beneplacito_fw-la nor_o needs_o he_o expect_v any_o except_o from_o a_o gracious_a prince_n nay_o it_o be_v well_o if_o he_o come_v off_o without_o some_o dishonour_n or_o disgrace_v put_v upon_o he_o if_o not_o worse_o some_o prince_n not_o love_v to_o look_v on_o man_n who_o have_v do_v they_o extraordinary_a service_n because_o they_o may_v pretend_v to_o 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they_o run_v when_o they_o think_v the_o glory_n of_o those_o action_n they_o have_v do_v entitle_v they_o to_o a_o liberty_n to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v for_o they_o shall_v remember_v that_o good_a service_n be_v but_o duty_n which_o they_o owe_v and_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reward_v but_o according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n but_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n where_o they_o live_v and_o upon_o they_o ruin_v many_o of_o they_o this_o shelf_n many_o brave_a captain_n have_v split_v themselves_o and_o suffer_v shipwreck_n so_o do_v pausanias_n the_o famous_a spartan_a king_n and_z alcibiades_z the_o valiant_a athenian_a and_o so_o do_v the_o roman_a manlius_n who_o save_v the_o capitol_n from_o the_o gaul_n so_o do_v byron_n duke_n pair_n and_o marshal_n of_o france_n under_z henry_n the_o great_a sir_n william_n stanley_z under_z henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n under_z queen_n elizabeth_z the_o like_a do_v the_o great_a captain_n wallenstein_n duke_n of_o friedland_n who_o i_o mention_v a_o little_a before_o who_o stain_v all_o his_o fair_a action_n and_o eminent_a service_n with_o the_o black_a and_o infamous_a crime_n of_o treason_n instance_n instance_n against_o one_o of_o those_o emperor_n who_o he_o have_v serve_v so_o well_o and_o who_o have_v give_v he_o so_o great_a a_o trust_n this_o be_v likewise_o joabs_n inexcusable_a fault_n who_o presume_v on_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o office_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o his_o service_n be_v many_o time_n too_o saucy_a with_o his_o prince_n and_o though_o abner_n deserve_v a_o worse_a death_n than_o that_o he_o get_v yet_o he_o deserve_v it_o not_o from_o joab_n david_n servant_n and_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v intolerable_a presumption_n in_o joab_n to_o revenge_v his_o brother_n death_n on_o a_o man_n with_o who_o his_o master_n have_v but_o just_a now_o enter_v into_o league_n and_o though_o perhaps_o the_o same_o 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will_v be_v or_o the_o way_n narrow_a as_o for_o most_o part_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v you_o may_v see_v i_o say_v how_o many_o mile_n may_v be_v between_o your_o front_n and_o your_o rear_n and_o indeed_o though_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n by_o the_o stick_n of_o great_a gun_n and_o pot-piece_n in_o deep_a dirty_a or_o clay_n ground_n give_v no_o retardment_n to_o the_o march_n as_o frequent_o it_o do_v or_o that_o a_o army_n meet_v with_o no_o extraordinary_a encumbrance_n as_o happy_o it_o may_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v no_o marvel_n to_o see_v the_o van_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n before_o the_o rearguard_n be_v march_v out_o of_o their_o last_o night_n leaguer_n though_o the_o march_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n to_o allow_v as_o little_a distance_n or_o interval_n between_o several_a body_n or_o batallion_n as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o secure_a a_o close_a march_n the_o best_a and_o secure_a divide_v a_o army_n into_o two_o three_o or_o more_o body_n and_o march_v several_a way_n to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o if_o he_o be_v in_o your_o rear_n and_o that_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v divide_v so_o you_o keep_v good_a order_n facilitate_v your_o retreat_n the_o two_o prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a captain_n order_v that_o in_o a_o march_n when_o one_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a partition_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o but_o fifty_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o only_o eighty_o foot_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o these_o prince_n cause_v their_o army_n to_o march_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n in_o three_o great_a body_n van_n guard_n battle_n and_o rearguard_n and_o those_o they_o call_v tercias_n or_o tersos_fw-la a_o spanish_a word_n which_o signify_v three_o and_o so_o the_o 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two_o italian_a mile_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o way_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a there_o will_v be_v several_a mile_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n but_o the_o reason_n bring_v by_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o judgement_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v but_o weak_a by_o a_o visible_a practice_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o go_v over_o a_o pass_n a_o water_n or_o a_o bridge_n the_o whole_a straight_a to_o march_v over_o a_o pass_n or_o a_o straight_a body_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v order_v to_o march_v very_o close_o lose_v something_o of_o their_o ordinary_a distance_n that_o one_o brigade_n or_o batallion_n be_v past_a another_o may_v immediate_o follow_v without_o intermission_n captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n a_o very_a worthy_a person_n say_v at_o the_o pass_v a_o strait_a a_o army_n shall_v make_v a_o halt_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o then_o pass_v over_o so_o many_o in_o breast_n as_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o over_o draw_v up_o again_o before_o time_n and_o not_o lose_v time_n they_o march_v for_o the_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o no_o soon_o shall_v any_o forlorn-hope_a troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n be_v over_o a_o pass_n but_o they_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n till_o some_o other_o be_v over_o and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n enough_o they_o shall_v advance_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o they_o find_v a_o more_o spacious_a field_n where_o they_o may_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n and_o expect_v the_o rest_n or_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o every_o particular_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n shall_v draw_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v till_o the_o rear_n of_o that_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n come_v up_o and_o then_o begin_v their_o march_n over_o i_o shall_v yet_o agree_v with_o he_o but_o for_o a_o van_n of_o a_o army_n to_o stay_v till_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o pass_v a_o strait_a be_v a_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n which_o in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v very_o precious_a for_o in_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n that_o halt_n shall_v be_v the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o four_o hour_n and_o this_o furnish_v a_o opportunity_n to_o a_o enemy_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n or_o wait_v his_o advantage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o strait_a with_o more_o force_n policy_n and_o deliberation_n chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v and_o the_o army_n have_v march_v far_o quarter_n must_v be_v make_v somewhere_o and_o it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n if_o the_o army_n be_v disperse_v in_o several_a village_n or_o hamlet_n it_o be_v do_v that_o it_o may_v village_n to_o quarter_v in_o village_n be_v refresh_v for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v to_o lodge_v for_o one_o night_n and_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o than_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n all_o night_n with_o strong_a guard_n forlorn-hope_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o ordinary_o the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o some_o little_a town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o cavalry_n quarter_v round_o about_o in_o hamlet_n the_o infantry_n be_v encamp_v close_o by_o the_o head-quarter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o stay_v a_o night_n or_o two_o it_o do_v not_o usual_o entrench_v but_o as_o the_o old_a grecian_n do_v encamp_v on_o some_o place_n something_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o on_o a_o hill_n or_o some_o defensible_a ascent_n or_o where_o a_o river_n may_v be_v on_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o marsh_n on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o the_o place_n iâ—_n defective_a they_o must_v help_v it_o with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n if_o danger_n be_v apprehend_v or_o if_o the_o foot_n must_v lodge_v in_o a_o champagn_n their_o wagon_n field_n to_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n draw_v about_o they_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a good_a shelter_n against_o sudden_a infall_n and_o this_o the_o german_n call_v a_o wagonburg_n that_o be_v a_o fortification_n of_o wagon_n and_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o roman_a fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n where_o ever_o this_o night-leaguer_n chance_v to_o be_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a must_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v such_o a_o place_n as_o want_n for_o neither_o wood_n water_n nor_o foderage_n a_o alarm-place_n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horse_n in_o case_n their_o quarter_n happen_v to_o be_v beat_v up_o in_o the_o night_n as_o also_o a_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n at_o which_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o meet_v next_o day_n if_o it_o be_v all_o in_o one_o body_n and_o at_o such_o a_o hour_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v the_o encamp_a of_o a_o army_n for_o some_o considerable_a time_n require_v a_o orderly_a time_n to_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v for_o a_o long_a time_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o ordinary_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o several_a accident_n and_o emergement_n such_o as_o these_o when_o a_o enemy_n come_v unexpected_o who_o strength_n and_o design_n be_v not_o know_v when_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o when_o he_o will_v preserve_v the_o country_n behind_o he_o whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n himself_o or_o to_o his_o friend_n or_o that_o he_o have_v win_v it_o from_o his_o enemy_n when_o the_o pestilence_n or_o other_o
and_o get_v he_o away_o with_o all_o possible_a speed_n and_o make_v his_o retreat_n good_a notwithstanding_o pompey_n pursuit_n at_o the_o river_n genuso_n with_o his_o horse_n mix_v with_o foot_n but_o i_o find_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n he_o retire_v still_o send_v his_o baggage_n constant_o before_o and_o follow_v with_o his_o army_n in_o the_o night_n and_o what_o stand_v he_o make_v to_o face_n the_o enemy_n behind_o he_o be_v all_o in_o the_o day_n time_n nor_o have_v prince_n and_o great_a captain_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n think_v it_o dishonourable_a to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o that_o famous_a carthaginian_a and_o those_o illustrious_a saxe_n charles_n the_o five_o from_o the_o duke_n of_o saxe_n roman_n in_o make_v their_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n whereof_o i_o shall_v not_o weary_v you_o with_o more_o instance_n than_o three_o the_o victorious_a emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o find_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o fight_v maurice_n duke_n of_o saxe_n who_o be_v get_v very_o near_o he_o before_o he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o march_n retire_v with_o great_a silence_n in_o the_o night_n time_n from_o inspruck_a for_o haste_n leave_v some_o of_o his_o householdstuff_n behind_o he_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n have_v victual_v the_o besiege_a town_n of_o landrecy_n in_o view_n of_o both_o the_o imperial_a and_o english_a five_o francis_n the_o first_o from_o charles_n the_o five_o army_n march_v twelve_o league_n baâ—k_v to_o guise_n where_o he_o stay_v till_o the_o emperor_n come_v in_o person_n who_o march_v with_o a_o puissant_a army_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n but_o francis_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o engagement_n leave_v some_o tent_n and_o baggage_n and_o many_o fire_n and_o in_o the_o night_n without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n retire_v to_o place_n of_o safety_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o brave_a action_n that_o ever_o be_v do_v by_o that_o martial_a king_n yet_o some_o blame_v he_o perhaps_o with_o reason_n for_o stay_v the_o emperor_n come_v after_o he_o have_v relieve_v the_o town_n which_o be_v his_o only_a errand_n wallenstein_n duke_n of_o friedland_n fight_v the_o sweedish_a army_n at_o weymar_n wallenstein_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o weymar_n lutsen_n till_o night_n part_v they_o and_o though_o he_o know_v the_o king_n be_v kill_v and_o that_o his_o own_o force_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o the_o duke_n of_o weymars_n yet_o know_v his_o own_o want_n he_o resolve_v to_o retire_v and_o do_v it_o that_o same_o night_n without_o noise_n of_o trumpet_n or_o drum_n and_o leave_v some_o cannon_n behind_o he_o and_o though_o he_o stay_v next_o day_n at_o leipsick_a yet_o the_o night_n after_o he_o get_v he_o away_o and_o make_v but_o short_a stay_n at_o any_o place_n till_o he_o come_v to_o prague_n where_o he_o put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o meet_v and_o fight_v that_o enemy_n from_o who_o he_o think_v it_o then_o fit_a to_o retire_v but_o many_o who_o have_v prefer_v a_o vain_a punctilio_fw-la of_o honour_n to_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n have_v lose_v both_o their_o army_n and_o their_o honour_n whereof_o take_v only_o two_o instance_n after_o lautrec_n captain_n general_n of_o the_o french_a army_n have_v obstinate_o continue_v the_o siege_n of_o naples_n notwithstanding_o that_o a_o pestilentious_a disease_n have_v consume_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o make_v the_o rest_n unserviceable_a whereof_o he_o die_v himself_o the_o marquis_n of_o salusses_n who_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o command_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o other_o prime_a officer_n resolve_v to_o quit_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v to_o anversa_n where_o a_o french_a garrison_n lie_v three_o league_n from_o the_o camp_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o know_v their_o danger_n since_o the_o imperialist_n be_v very_o strong_a within_o the_o city_n command_v by_o two_o great_a captain_n the_o 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second_o batallion_n likewise_o kill_v and_o take_v all_o those_o naples_n error_n in_o the_o fâ—ench_a retreat_n from_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o batallion_n by_o a_o speedy_a march_n get_v to_o anversa_n and_o save_v themselves_o till_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v and_o make_v they_o render_v on_o discretion_n now_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o marquis_n have_v begin_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n or_o at_o midnight_n for_o it_o be_v in_o autumn_n he_o have_v undoubted_o bring_v his_o army_n safe_a to_o anversa_n for_o his_o rear_n will_v have_v be_v soon_o by_o that_o account_n at_o that_o place_n than_o his_o van_n be_v which_o come_v safe_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o to_o march_v till_o break_v of_o day_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n he_o have_v save_v his_o own_o life_n for_o there_o he_o get_v his_o mortal_a wound_n whereof_o he_o die_v the_o second_o instance_n be_v of_o piter_n strozzi_n a_o florentine_a who_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o a_o army_n of_o french_a under_o henry_n the_o second_o near_o to_o sienna_n within_o which_o marshal_n monluc_n be_v governor_n a_o army_n of_o spaniard_n under_o the_o command_n of_o james_n of_o medici_n strong_a by_o far_a than_o strozzi_n lay_v close_o by_o he_o strozzi_n resolve_v to_o retire_v to_o lusignan_n but_o will_v needs_o do_v it_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o consult_v the_o matter_n by_o letter_n with_o monluc_n who_o dissuade_v he_o from_o it_o with_o many_o reason_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o fresh_a example_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o france_n his_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n from_o guise_n and_o so_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o retire_v in_o the_o nighttime_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o day_n be_v spend_v he_o send_v away_o two_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n to_o lusignan_n intend_v to_o follow_v with_o the_o army_n but_o the_o haughty_a florentine_a look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o he_o to_o show_v his_o sienna_n error_n in_o strozzi_n his_o retreat_n from_o sienna_n back_n in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o medici_n to_o who_o family_n he_o carry_v a_o inveterate_a hatred_n will_v needs_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o spite_n of_o he_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o the_o issue_n be_v his_o army_n be_v rout_v and_o himself_o hardly_o escape_v but_o that_o which_o monluc_n write_v of_o this_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o he_o no_o soon_o understand_v that_o strozzi_n have_v resolve_v to_o retire_v in_o the_o daytime_n but_o foresee_v the_o event_n of_o so_o frantic_a a_o resolution_n he_o instant_o conveen_v the_o podesta_n the_o magistrate_n and_o principal_a citizen_n of_o sienna_n and_o assure_v they_o the_o army_n in_o which_o they_o trust_v at_o that_o very_a time_n and_o hour_n in_o which_o he_o be_v speak_v to_o they_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o advise_v they_o without_o delay_n to_o prepare_v for_o a_o siege_n and_o the_o event_n show_v he_o speak_v true_o if_o not_o prophetical_o for_o that_o day_n be_v the_o french_a army_n beat_v and_o next_o day_n the_o city_n be_v invest_v by_o the_o victorious_a army_n it_o be_v true_a two_o of_o king_n ferdinand_n general_n cazzianer_n and_o rocandolf_n time_n retreat_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o time_n each_z whereof_z lose_v a_o army_n to_o their_o master_n of_o 24000_o or_o 30000._o brave_a german_n retire_v the_o first_o from_o esecchio_n the_o last_o from_o buda_n both_o in_o the_o nighttime_n but_o they_o do_v it_o not_o soon_o enough_o and_o lose_v their_o army_n deserve_o because_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v at_o these_o place_n against_o all_o reason_n and_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o principal_a officer_n when_o they_o have_v certain_a intelligence_n of_o the_o daily_a march_n and_o approach_v of_o the_o turk_n i_o never_o say_v nor_o think_v that_o a_o retreat_n in_o the_o night_n will_v infallible_o save_v a_o army_n i_o
gallant_o defend_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n till_o the_o imperial_a army_n mouldered_a away_o and_o be_v make_v despicable_a by_o the_o sword_n sickness_n and_o grievous_a winter_n weather_n and_o at_o length_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o pitiful_a retreat_n from_o it_o after_o which_o that_o great_a prince_n retire_v to_o a_o cloister_n and_o from_o it_o to_o another_o world_n so_o do_v that_o emperor_n great_a grandfather_n charles_n of_o burgundy_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o vanity_n but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o loss_n continue_v his_o siege_n of_o nurse_n as_o it_o be_v in_o despite_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n till_o he_o be_v force_v to_o sneak_v away_o from_o it_o with_o damage_n and_o dishonour_n enough_o so_o do_v rocandolf_n continue_v the_o siege_n of_o buda_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o prayer_n and_o persuasion_n of_o all_o his_o great_a officer_n to_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o a_o rich_a and_o a_o gallant_a army_n as_o have_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o another_o place_n but_o as_o in_o ancient_a time_n so_o in_o our_o late_a european_a war_n it_o have_v be_v a_o ordinary_a dishonour_n to_o raise_v a_o siege_n without_o take_v the_o place_n no_o dishonour_n thing_n for_o brave_a general_n to_o raise_v their_o sieges_n either_o upon_o the_o intelligence_n of_o the_o advance_v of_o a_o strong_a succourse_n or_o some_o other_o weighty_a consideration_n so_o do_v the_o great_a gustavus_n raise_v his_o siege_n from_o ingolstadt_n in_o bavaria_n the_o swedish_n felt-marshal_n banier_n from_o leipsick_a in_o saxony_n his_o successor_n torstenson_n from_o birn_fw-mi in_o silesia_n and_o wrangle_v who_o succeed_v he_o from_o eggar_n in_o bohemia_n so_o do_v instance_n instance_n wallenstein_n from_o the_o sieges_n of_o both_o magdeburg_n and_o stralsund_n so_o do_v marquis_n spinola_n raise_v his_o siege_n from_o bergen_n open_fw-mi zoom_n upon_o count_n mansfeld_n conjunction_n with_o maurice_n prince_n of_o orange_n and_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o bury_v some_o of_o his_o cannon_n that_o he_o may_v make_v his_o retreat_n with_o more_o expedition_n so_o do_v that_o same_o prince_n maurice_n raise_v the_o siege_n he_o have_v form_v at_o groll_n upon_o spinola_n advance_n towards_o he_o and_o so_o do_v his_o brother_n henry_n prince_n of_o orange_n rise_v from_o venlo_n upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o cardinal_n infant_n but_o if_o a_o general_n be_v well_o provide_v and_o there_o be_v no_o sickness_n in_o his_o army_n and_o if_o he_o have_v strong_a hope_n to_o hazardous_a to_o march_v from_o a_o besiege_a fort_n to_o fight_v a_o enemy_n hazardous_a carry_v the_o place_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o leave_v it_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o succourse_n that_o be_v come_v to_o it_o this_o have_v be_v often_o practise_v sometime_o unfortunate_o and_o sometime_o successful_o take_v a_o few_o instance_n of_o both_o count_n tili_n leave_v the_o siege_n of_o leipsick_a march_v towards_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o come_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n and_o fight_v he_o but_o to_o his_o great_a loss_n so_o do_v the_o duke_n of_o weymar_n and_o the_o suedish_n felt-marshal_n gustavus_n horn_n leave_v the_o siege_n of_o nordling_n and_o march_v instance_n instance_n to_o fight_v the_o hungarian_a king_n but_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o day_n and_o their_o army_n too_o but_o that_o same_o duke_n of_o weimar_n have_v afterward_o better_a fortune_n when_o he_o besiege_v brisac_n from_o the_o siege_n whereof_o he_o rise_v twice_o and_o fight_v the_o army_n that_o be_v send_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n and_o return_v both_o time_n to_o the_o siege_n crown_v with_o laurel_n so_o do_v the_o swedish_n army_n leave_v the_o siege_n of_o hameln_n that_o town_n out_o of_o which_o they_o say_v a_o piper_n play_v first_o all_o the_o rat_n and_o next_o all_o the_o child_n and_o of_o the_o last_o none_o return_v and_o meet_v the_o imperial_a army_n which_o advance_v to_o relieve_v it_o and_o seek_v with_o victory_n so_o do_v the_o french_a and_o english_a leave_n the_o siege_n of_o dunkirk_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o and_o fight_v don_n juan_n d'austria_fw-la and_o beat_v he_o but_o if_o the_o besiege_v army_n be_v well_o and_o strong_o entrench_v against_o a_o enemy_n succourse_n to_o lie_v still_o entrench_v notwithstanding_o of_o any_o succourse_n both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o town_n and_o want_v for_o no_o provision_n he_o shall_v make_v no_o such_o hazard_n but_o lie_v still_o and_o when_o a_o succourse_n come_v it_o must_v either_o look_v on_o and_o leave_v the_o attempt_n or_o storm_v the_o besieger_n fortify_v camp_n if_o the_o succourse_n be_v force_v to_o march_v back_o without_o do_v his_o errand_n than_o the_o besieger_n be_v master_n of_o the_o town_n or_o fort._n so_o do_v the_o duke_n of_o alva_n when_o he_o besiege_v mons_fw-la in_o henault_n keep_v himself_o within_o his_o fortify_v camp_n and_o endure_v all_o the_o bravado_n of_o william_n prince_n of_o orange_n who_o come_v with_o a_o army_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o relieve_v the_o town_n the_o duke_n know_v well_o that_o the_o prince_n for_o want_v of_o money_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n be_v force_v to_o disband_v his_o army_n if_o he_o who_o come_v with_o the_o succourse_n resolve_v to_o storm_v the_o besieger_n fortify_v camp_n he_o do_v it_o with_o as_o unsuccessful_a to_o storm_v a_o entrench_a camp_n often_o unsuccessful_a much_o disadvantage_n as_o a_o army_n without_o shelter_n can_v fight_v with_o one_o that_o be_v entrench_v and_o seldom_o such_o attempt_n be_v successful_a hannibal_n try_v it_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n and_o though_o he_o do_v it_o both_o skilful_o cunning_o and_o courageous_o yet_o after_o he_o have_v storm_v the_o roman_a camp_n and_o be_v beat_v off_o he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v that_o rich_a and_o great_a city_n to_o be_v a_o prey_n to_o it_o be_v exasperate_v enemy_n count_n pappenheim_n though_o a_o brave_a captain_n yet_o give_v cause_n to_o question_v his_o discretion_n very_o much_o when_o he_o be_v so_o lavish_a of_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n soldier_n at_o a_o time_n when_o he_o have_v so_o much_o need_n of_o they_o against_o the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n as_o to_o storm_v the_o fortify_v camp_n of_o henry_n prince_n of_o orange_n at_o maestricht_n where_o he_o leave_v not_o so_o few_o as_o 1500_o dead_a man_n on_o the_o place_n beside_o as_o many_o more_o who_o be_v wound_v the_o prince_n follow_v a_o precedent_n be_v give_v he_o by_o spinola_n when_o he_o besiege_v breda_n who_o keep_v himself_o within_o his_o trench_n constant_o when_o first_o maurice_n and_o then_o henry_n prince_n of_o orange_n and_o count_n mansfield_n offer_v he_o battle_n and_o beat_v off_o likewise_o some_o assault_n more_o make_v on_o some_o place_n of_o his_o camp_n by_o that_o same_o prince_n henry_n and_o sir_n horatio_n vere_n when_o a_o army_n that_o have_v attempt_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o town_n have_v retire_v and_o be_v either_o baffle_v or_o beat_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o besiege_a place_n may_v with_o reputation_n rendition_n of_o rendition_n yield_v on_o honourable_a condition_n which_o will_v not_o be_v so_o good_a as_o they_o will_v have_v be_v before_o but_o be_v what_o they_o will_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v punctual_o and_o inviolable_o keep_v but_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n if_o a_o besieger_n obtain_v a_o victory_n over_o the_o army_n that_o come_v to_o relieve_v the_o besiege_a place_n some_o think_v town_n to_o drive_v prisoner_n to_o the_o port_n of_o a_o besiege_a town_n he_o may_v drive_v all_o his_o prisoner_n to_o the_o port_n of_o the_o town_n and_o if_o the_o governor_n will_v not_o take_v they_o in_o he_o may_v suffer_v they_o to_o starve_v but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o governor_n shall_v admit_v they_o and_o far_o less_o why_o the_o victorious_a general_n shall_v have_v respite_v their_o life_n from_o the_o sword_n to_o put_v they_o to_o a_o more_o merciless_a death_n yet_o i_o see_v some_o part_n of_o this_o practise_v at_o that_o town_n of_o hammeln_n whereof_o i_o speak_v but_o just_a now_o for_o after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o imperial_a army_n the_o swedish_n general_n send_v all_o the_o prisoner_n who_o be_v no_o few_o than_o three_o thousand_o to_o the_o port_n of_o the_o town_n but_o the_o governor_n give_v entrance_n to_o none_o of_o they_o but_o i_o conceive_v this_o be_v do_v only_o to_o frighten_v the_o garrison_n out_o of_o the_o thought_n of_o further_a resistance_n and_o to_o give_v they_o within_o assurance_n that_o their_o friend_n be_v defeat_v and_o not_o to_o starve_v those_o poor_a creature_n but_o the_o matter_n come_v not_o to_o the_o trial_n for_o next_o day_n the_o governor_n seek_v a_o parley_n and_o
to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n out_o after_o he_o have_v come_v over_o the_o wall_n confuse_o this_o interval_n all_o ancient_a town_n have_v and_o they_o call_v it_o pomaerium_fw-la for_o they_o have_v two_o of_o they_o one_o before_z or_o without_o and_o another_o within_o the_o wall_n three_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v to_o the_o shambles_n which_o in_o sieges_n be_v no_o extraordinary_a case_n the_o horseman_n may_v either_o have_v a_o post_n give_v they_o to_o defend_v or_o they_o may_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o foot_n when_o count_n nauso_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o a_o imperial_a general_n storm_v peronne_n after_o a_o great_a breach_n make_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o it_o he_o be_v beat_v off_o by_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v belong_v to_o the_o lord_n florenge_n who_o leave_v their_o horse_n and_o in_o full_a harness_n with_o pike_n partisan_n and_o halberd_n maintain_v the_o breach_n two_o hour_n till_o they_o be_v relieve_v and_o i_o have_v see_v myself_o horseman_n alight_v from_o their_o horse_n to_o storm_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o estimate_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n for_o maintain_v a_o fortify_v place_n against_o a_o siege_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o some_o will_v have_v for_o every_o bulwark_n of_o the_o great_a royal_a fortification_n one_o thousand_o soldier_n and_o for_o the_o lesser_a royal_a eight_o hundred_o mean_v still_o beside_o the_o inhabitant_n other_o four_z or_o five_o hundred_o soldier_n enough_o with_o the_o citizen_n but_o since_o we_o know_v not_o what_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n or_o whether_o they_o may_v be_v trust_v or_o not_o we_o must_v cast_v up_o our_o account_n without_o they_o some_o therefore_o will_v have_v for_o every_o ten_o foot_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a fort_n six_o soldier_n but_o other_o think_v one_o soldier_n enough_o for_o two_o foot_n and_o so_o 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what_o cardinal_n bentivoglio_n say_v that_o maurice_n prince_n of_o orange_n first_o add_v they_o to_o fortification_n i_o dare_v not_o believe_v this_o for_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o above_o sixty_o four_o year_n since_o maurice_n be_v captain_n general_n of_o a_o army_n but_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o octogon_n of_o we_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n for_o who_o the_o fort_n hold_v out_o and_o more_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o that_o fort._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o fort._n same_o persuasion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n with_o the_o garrison_n soldier_n than_o few_o soldier_n will_v serve_v perhaps_o by_o half_a for_o those_o burgess_n within_o the_o wall_n will_v fight_v stout_o for_o their_o wife_n child_n good_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v pro_fw-la aris_fw-la &_o focis_fw-la but_o if_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v and_o that_o the_o citizen_n be_v to_o be_v mistrust_v the_o governor_n have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o double_a enemy_n a_o avow_v and_o open_a one_o without_o and_o a_o secret_a yet_o a_o certain_a one_o within_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v need_n of_o both_o more_o man_n and_o more_o strict_a watch_n neither_o must_v he_o fail_v to_o disarm_v these_o inhabitant_n and_o command_v they_o for_o most_o part_n to_o keep_v within_o door_n but_o in_o such_o case_n citadel_n be_v ordinary_a these_o fortress_n that_o be_v by_o nature_n strong_a as_o situate_v on_o a_o hill_n or_o flank_v with_o some_o inaccessible_a and_o steep_a rock_n or_o help_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o some_o river_n or_o marsh_n beside_o their_o artificial_a fortification_n will_v need_v by_o a_o great_a deal_n few_o man_n and_o so_o be_v defend_v at_o a_o far_o less_o expense_n the_o number_n of_o these_o soldier_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v without_o officer_n neither_o be_v you_o to_o imagine_v that_o in_o storm_n or_o assault_v all_o the_o parapet_n how_o musketeer_n shall_v fire_v from_o a_o parapet_n soldier_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o rank_n or_o row_n on_o the_o bulwark_n or_o the_o curtain_n for_o at_o that_o rate_n two_o foot_n be_v allow_v to_o every_o man_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v room_n to_o handle_v their_o arm_n neither_o shall_v their_o give_a fire_n be_v successive_a as_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o time_n of_o storm_n soldier_n appoint_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o post_n shall_v be_v draw_v up_o three_o deep_a or_o in_o three_o rank_n that_o when_o one_o rank_n have_v give_v fire_n over_o the_o parapet_n it_o may_v descend_v and_o the_o second_o mount_v the_o foot-bank_n and_o after_o it_o the_o three_o the_o three_o thing_n requisite_a for_o a_o besiege_a place_n be_v money_n and_o so_o long_o as_o there_o money_n money_n be_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o garrison_n and_o meat_n and_o drink_n to_o buy_v for_o that_o money_n the_o public_a magazine_n of_o proviant_a shall_v not_o be_v touch_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n many_o governors_n cause_n brass_n to_o be_v coin_a some_o leather_n and_o order_v it_o to_o pass_v for_o currant_n money_n engage_v thereafter_o to_o give_v good_a coin_n for_o it_o so_o do_v toyras_n marshal_n of_o france_n forty_o year_n ago_o when_o he_o be_v besiege_v in_o casal_n by_o the_o famous_a marquis_n spinola_n yet_o a_o governor_n shall_v always_o reserve_v if_o he_o can_v a_o stock_n of_o money_n unspent_a for_o all_o accident_n as_o know_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o siege_n will_v increase_v with_o time_n for_o though_o loyalty_n duty_n reputation_n good_a word_n and_o hope_n prevail_v frequent_o with_o soldier_n to_o stand_v out_o against_o all_o hardship_n and_o difficulty_n manful_o yet_o as_o the_o french_a say_v argent_fw-fr faict_n tout_fw-fr sieges_n great_a use_n for_o it_o in_o sieges_n money_n do_v all_o intelligence_n be_v buy_v with_o money_n
counterfeit_v and_o his_o seal_n take_v from_o a_o old_a paper_n and_o put_v on_o the_o letter_n all_o contrive_v by_o granuell_n precedent_n of_o the_o emperor_n council_n who_o gain_v with_o much_o gold_n a_o frenchman_n to_o carry_v this_o letter_n in_o the_o sole_n of_o his_o shoe_n into_o the_o town_n this_o french_a fellow_n be_v as_o much_o fool_n as_o knave_n who_o do_v not_o reveal_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o sancerre_n from_o who_o he_o may_v likewise_o have_v receive_v gold_n enough_o but_o a_o trusty_a and_o faithful_a messenger_n may_v be_v send_v into_o or_o out_o of_o a_o siege_n a_o faithful_a and_o cunning_a messenger_n may_v do_v much_o good_a in_o a_o siege_n besiege_a place_n and_o go_v straight_o to_o a_o enemy_n and_o seem_v to_o reveal_v all_o he_o know_v and_o give_v up_o the_o letter_n he_o carry_v which_o shall_v contain_v no_o truth_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n carry_v his_o letter_n of_o importance_n safe_o as_o he_o be_v direct_v seem_v to_o do_v the_o 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breda_n when_o it_o be_v besiege_v round_o by_o marquis_n spinola_n the_o fellow_n undertake_v to_o deliver_v the_o letter_n and_o bring_v the_o governors_n answer_n and_o so_o he_o do_v but_o not_o till_o enemy_n letter_n reveal_v to_o a_o enemy_n spinola_n have_v read_v both_o the_o first_o before_o he_o enter_v and_o the_o second_o after_o he_o come_v out_o of_o the_o town_n who_o thereby_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o their_o secret_n the_o rogue_n be_v well_o reward_v by_o both_o party_n but_o after_o maurice_n his_o death_n this_o boar_n resolve_v to_o serve_v his_o brother_n prince_z henry_n in_o the_o same_o fashion_n and_o to_o that_o end_n seem_v to_o be_v gain_v with_o much_o difficulty_n and_o by_o much_o gold_n to_o carry_v the_o prince_n his_o last_o letter_n to_o the_o governor_n henry_n write_v to_o he_o that_o it_o be_v then_o pure_o impossible_a to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o desire_v he_o at_o midnight_n to_o discharge_v three_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n and_o that_o thereafter_o by_o several_a fire_n on_o the_o great_a steeple_n he_o shall_v let_v he_o know_v how_o many_o day_n his_o victual_n will_v hold_v out_o the_o intelligencer_n go_v straight_o to_o spinola_n who_o have_v read_v the_o letter_n and_o handsome_o seal_v it_o up_o dispatch_v the_o faithful_a messenger_n to_o the_o governor_n who_o at_o the_o prefix_a time_n make_v his_o three_o shot_n and_o by_o eleven_o sign_n make_v by_o fire_n let_v the_o prince_n know_v he_o be_v able_a to_o subsist_v no_o long_o than_o eleven_o day_n which_o spinola_n do_v as_o punctual_o observe_v as_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o same_o siege_n at_o a_o sally_n a_o german_a soldier_n be_v take_v by_o the_o count_n of_o isemberg_n who_o treat_v his_o countryman_n so_o well_o that_o the_o fellow_n undertake_v to_o return_v to_o the_o town_n and_o come_v back_o to_o the_o spanish_a camp_n when_o the_o victual_n of_o the_o besiege_a city_n grow_v scarce_o which_o he_o do_v and_o thereby_o spinola_n have_v likewise_o a_o fair_a help_n give_v he_o how_o to_o take_v his_o measure_n if_o all_o endeavour_n and_o all_o hope_n fail_v and_o that_o inexorable_a necessity_n force_v the_o article_n to_o yield_v on_o article_n governor_n to_o yield_v let_v he_o do_v it_o on_o the_o most_o honourable_a and_o advantageous_a term_n he_o can_v and_o let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v his_o article_n sign_v by_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o if_o he_o can_v obtain_v it_o let_v he_o get_v hostage_n of_o quality_n send_v to_o some_o neighbour_n garrison_n to_o lie_v there_o till_o all_o condition_n agree_v on_o be_v perform_v of_o article_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o if_o there_o be_v small_a or_o no_o hope_n of_o succour_n it_o will_v not_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o governor_n hurtful_a obstinacy_n in_o defend_v fort_n hurtful_a to_o bring_v thing_n to_o the_o last_o extremity_n or_o stand_v out_o where_o he_o can_v probable_o hope_v to_o resist_v for_o that_o expose_v his_o man_n to_o butchery_n a_o thing_n very_o unacceptable_a to_o god_n and_o prejudicial_a to_o his_o master_n service_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o illustrate_v this_o with_o example_n story_n be_v full_a of_o they_o and_o we_o have_v see_v the_o practice_n of_o it_o in_o our_o own_o day_n the_o imperial_a lieutenant_n general_n count_n tili_n find_v new_a brandenburg_n a_o inconsiderable_a town_n obstinate_o defend_v by_o major_a general_n kniphausen_n and_o his_o suedish_n garrison_n do_v at_o the_o storm_n forbid_v all_o quarter_n though_o he_o be_v know_v to_o be_v merciful_a enough_o and_o after_o he_o have_v carry_v the_o town_n by_o assault_n he_o tell_v the_o governor_n who_o be_v then_o prisoner_n that_o he_o can_v not_o use_v he_o worse_o than_o send_v he_o to_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o sueden_n who_o he_o think_v be_v oblige_v in_o justice_n to_o hang_v he_o for_o lose_v he_o so_o many_o gallant_a man_n by_o his_o vanity_n and_o arrogant_a resistance_n and_o true_o i_o think_v to_o put_v a_o few_o importance_n especial_o those_o of_o small_a importance_n man_n in_o a_o obscure_a place_n or_o a_o castle_n of_o a_o mean_a fortification_n and_o command_v they_o to_o stand_v out_o against_o a_o well_o appoint_v army_n or_o that_o which_o ordinary_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o army_n royal_a be_v to_o send_v they_o direct_o to_o the_o shambles_n for_o what_o general_n will_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o affront_v and_o not_o revenge_v it_o when_o the_o french_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o march_v into_o italy_n with_o instance_n instance_n a_o mighty_a army_n the_o governor_n of_o a_o little_a ill_n fortify_v castle_n in_o piedmont_n call_v volane_fw-mi make_v a_o sally_n and_o kill_v and_o plunder_v some_o french_a baggage-man_n the_o castle_n be_v summon_v and_o refuse_v to_o yield_v on_o honest_a condition_n it_o be_v invest_v and_o force_v to_o render_v on_o mercy_n whereof_o they_o find_v but_o little_a in_o that_o severe_a constable_n anne_n de_fw-fr montmorancy_n who_o cause_v the_o poor_a governor_n and_o his_o garrison_n to_o be_v hang_v every_o mother_n son_n another_o castle_n hold_v out_o against_o charles_n the_o five_o when_o he_o retire_v to_o italy_n out_o of_o provence_n but_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o garrison_n receive_v the_o like_a usage_n every_o man_n of_o it_o be_v force_v to_o end_v his_o life_n on_o a_o gallow_n yet_o sometime_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o war_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o it_o require_v it_o yet_o sometime_o ratio_fw-la belli_n require_v it_o that_o a_o governor_n and_o his_o garrison_n shall_v rather_o fight_v to_o death_n than_o accept_v of_o any_o agreement_n and_o this_o be_v when_o time_n must_v be_v give_v for_o gather_v or_o join_v of_o
inheritance_n and_o office_n and_o dignity_n except_o they_o be_v military_a without_o the_o prince_n his_o express_a warrant_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o this_o assertion_n be_v ground_v on_o just_a reason_n and_o yet_o that_o prince_n of_o orange_n general_n for_o the_o emperor_n who_o total_o rout_v the_o french_a in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n dispose_v of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o most_o of_o those_o who_o be_v of_o the_o french_a faction_n to_o his_o captain_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o distribute_v the_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o crown_n among_o they_o and_o though_o his_o master_n charles_n the_o five_o do_v much_o dislike_n of_o the_o prince_n his_o encroach_a on_o his_o prerogative_n yet_o that_o wise_a prince_n ratify_v all_o that_o orange_n have_v do_v as_o know_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v for_o sovereign_n not_o to_o approve_v of_o what_o their_o general_n transact_v in_o their_o name_n for_o if_o that_o be_v not_o do_v who_o either_o dare_v can_v or_o will_v make_v any_o capitulation_n with_o a_o general_n who_o agreement_n be_v it_o never_o so_o authentic_a and_o solemn_a may_v be_v call_v in_o question_n and_o revoke_v by_o the_o prince_n he_o serve_v what_o a_o captain_n general_n of_o a_o army_n may_v do_v in_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o do_v what_o subaltern_a officer_n do_v like_a power_n have_v those_o who_o be_v subordinate_a to_o he_o when_o they_o command_v apart_o and_o be_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o some_o wing_n or_o brigades_n of_o the_o army_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o general_n and_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o his_o assent_n and_o approbation_n can_v be_v get_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o present_a necessity_n or_o conveniency_n of_o the_o affair_n require_v as_o suppose_v a_o major_a general_n or_o colonel_n be_v send_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n before_o the_o army_n this_o be_v no_o great_a distance_n to_o force_v a_o pass_n which_o those_o within_o it_o offer_v to_o give_v over_o provide_v 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as_o suppose_v a_o major_a general_n have_v a_o little_a town_n yield_v to_o he_o by_o accord_n whereby_o he_o permit_v the_o garrison_n to_o march_v to_o a_o place_n of_o great_a importance_n which_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o general_n intend_v to_o besiege_v and_o have_v private_o forbid_v the_o major_a general_n to_o make_v any_o such_o agreement_n they_o may_v punish_v he_o for_o his_o presumption_n but_o be_v bind_v either_o to_o suffer_v the_o garrison_n to_o enjoy_v their_o article_n or_o at_o worst_a to_o go_v back_o to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v let_v we_o sum_n up_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o particular_a in_o one_o instance_n of_o hannibal_n and_o maharbal_n and_o it_o will_v quadrate_n very_o fit_o with_o the_o subject_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o story_n be_v this_o after_o the_o roman_n werebeat_fw-la at_o the_o lake_n thrasimenus_n hannibal_n send_v maharbal_n roman_n maharbal_n agreement_n with_o 6000_o roman_n to_o pursue_v the_o victory_n seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n at_z or_o near_o which_o hannibal_n stay_v maharbal_n find_v six_o thousand_o roman_n in_o a_o body_n ready_a to_o accept_v of_o liberty_n if_o grant_v they_o to_o return_v to_o rome_n otherwise_o to_o sell_v their_o life_n at_o a_o dear_a rate_n the_o carthaginian_a thought_n it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v the_o loss_n of_o number_n of_o his_o own_o man_n on_o so_o strong_a and_o so_o desperate_a a_o party_n and_o therefore_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v deliver_v their_o arm_n and_o then_o have_v liberty_n to_o go_v home_o hannibal_n will_v not_o ratify_v the_o agreement_n but_o make_v hannibal_n unworthy_o break_v by_o hannibal_n all_o the_o six_o thousand_o roman_n prisoner_n and_o load_v they_o with_o iron_n tell_v they_o maharbal_n have_v no_o power_n without_o his_o consent_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o grant_v they_o any_o immunity_n the_o worst_a act_n ever_o hannibal_n do_v if_o maharbal_n have_v no_o power_n to_o grant_v those_o roman_n their_o liberty_n he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o grant_v they_o their_o life_n and_o so_o hannibal_n with_o that_o same_o justice_n may_v have_v put_v they_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n but_o first_o maharbal_n command_v in_o chief_a in_o that_o place_n where_o he_o capitulate_v next_o he_o do_v nothing_o that_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o office_n be_v a_o great_a commander_n in_o the_o carthaginian_a army_n three_o he_o be_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o hannibal_n that_o he_o have_v no_o time_n to_o send_v for_o his_o assent_n and_o do_v his_o errand_n which_o be_v to_o pursue_v the_o fly_a roman_n and_o therefore_o the_o historian_n wrong_v not_o hannibal_n when_o he_o say_v punica_fw-la religione_fw-la servata_fw-la fides_fw-la est_fw-la ab_fw-la annibale_n hannibal_n keep_v promise_v with_o a_o punical_a faith_n indeed_o if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v on_o the_o place_n he_o have_v say_v right_o and_o this_o demonstrate_v what_o i_o say_v before_o that_o any_o quarter_n give_v in_o the_o field_n where_o a_o general_n be_v signify_v nothing_o till_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o he_o and_o observe_v that_o article_n and_o agreement_n make_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n as_o this_o of_o maharbal_n be_v bind_v as_o strong_o as_o those_o make_v in_o writing_n for_o promise_n and_o paroll_n of_o prince_n and_o captain_n shall_v be_v sacred_o keep_v grotius_n acknowledge_v that_o maharbal_n agreement_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v infringe_v by_o hannibal_n and_o yet_o in_o that_o same_o chapter_n affirm_v that_o masanissa_n king_n of_o numidia_n a_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v not_o power_n to_o grant_v the_o fair_a sophonisbe_n her_o life_n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o of_o grotius_n his_o judgement_n for_o first_o scipio_n so_o be_v that_o of_o masanissa_n to_o sophonisbe_n by_o scipio_n masanissa_n act_v by_o scipio_n commission_n second_o he_o be_v far_o from_o scipio_n three_o he_o command_v in_o chief_a where_o he_o than_o be_v fourthly_a sophonisbe_n be_v not_o by_o any_o former_a public_a law_n exempt_v from_o pardon_n five_o if_o masanissa_n have_v private_a instruction_n to_o take_v her_o life_n scipio_n may_v have_v punish_v he_o but_o sophonisbe_n shall_v not_o have_v suffer_v for_o his_o transgression_n but_o shall_v either_o have_v enjoy_v her_o life_n or_o be_v send_v back_o with_o all_o her_o people_n to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o be_v take_v and_o assure_o masanissa_n have_v power_n to_o grant_v her_o life_n and_o marry_v she_o too_o as_o he_o do_v but_o he_o prefer_v the_o roman_a friendship_n to_o the_o love_n of_o his_o beautiful_a wife_n and_o so_o send_v she_o a_o cup_n of_o poison_n as_o the_o last_o token_n of_o his_o affection_n this_o that_o i_o have_v say_v may_v be_v accommodate_v and_o apply_v to_o james_n duke_n of_o murder_n duke_n hamilton_n death_n murder_n hamilton_n case_n who_o have_v article_n grant_v to_o he_o and_o all_o that_o be_v with_o he_o for_o life_n which_o because_o lambert_n avouch_v he_o have_v give_v the_o pretend_a parliament_n of_o england_n do_v not_o deny_v it_o but_o say_v with_o hannibal_n that_o lambert_n be_v subaltern_a have_v not_o power_n to_o give_v such_o condition_n but_o he_o have_v power_n for_o he_o exceed_v not_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o office_n and_o function_n of_o a_o major_a general_n he_o command_v in_o chief_a on_o the_o place_n where_o he_o capitulate_v and_o we_o never_o hear_v that_o cromwell_n do_v charge_v he_o with_o the_o transgression_n of_o any_o of_o his_o private_a instruction_n at_o that_o time_n and_o cromwell_n be_v so_o far_o from_o lambert_n then_o that_o he_o can_v not_o possible_o send_v to_o he_o for_o his_o assent_n and_o if_o lambert_n superior_n thought_n it_o not_o fit_a to_o approve_v of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v then_o in_o justice_n which_o be_v a_o
be_v that_o of_o the_o garter_n institute_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n under_o the_o patrociny_n of_o saint_n george_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n be_v under_o saint_n andrew_n john_n of_o valois_n king_n of_o france_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o star_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n owen_n say_v the_o french_a as_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n lovis_n the_o eleven_o institute_v that_o of_o saint_n michael_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n when_o the_o war_n be_v hot_a between_o that_o kingdom_n and_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bou_fw-fr duke_n of_o burgundy_n institute_v the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n andrew_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n make_v knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n those_o of_o the_o annunciation_n christina_n queen_n of_o sueden_n institute_v a_o new_a order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o she_o will_v have_v call_v the_o order_n of_o the_o amaranth_n which_o they_o say_v never_o wither_v and_o according_o she_o appoint_v the_o device_n to_o be_v semper_fw-la idem_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n or_o dutch_a order_n those_o of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n call_v afterward_o hospitaller_n knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o of_o malta_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o sepulchre_n or_o knight_n templar_n be_v and_o some_o yet_o be_v very_o martial_a knight_n who_o renown_a action_n be_v and_o ever_o knighthood_n religious_a order_n of_o knighthood_n will_v be_v on_o the_o record_n of_o fame_n but_o there_o be_v likewise_o religious_a order_n for_o they_o vow_v chastity_n poverty_n and_o obedience_n and_o from_o religion_n have_v come_v most_o of_o the_o spanish_a order_n of_o knighthood_n sanctius_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o castille_n for_o the_o more_o vigorous_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o calatrava_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n the_o master_n of_o which_o order_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a riches_n and_o power_n his_o son_n alphonse_n the_o nine_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o dangeron_n war_n with_o the_o moor_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o saint_n james_n which_o have_v since_o come_v to_o that_o height_n of_o power_n that_o the_o master_n of_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a subject_n of_o spain_n but_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o catholic_n king_n make_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o pope_n master_n of_o these_o order_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n when_o he_o have_v war_n with_o both_o the_o saracen_n of_o africa_n and_o spain_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jesus_n christ_n about_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o queen_n of_o navarre_n cause_v 12_o d'albret_a jane_n d'albret_a great_a medal_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v coin_v which_o she_o distribute_v among_o 12_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a chieftain_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n as_o token_n of_o their_o fraternity_n to_o incite_v they_o to_o constancy_n valour_n and_o perseverance_n in_o the_o cause_n against_o the_o roman_a catholic_n upon_o one_o side_n of_o the_o medal_n be_v these_o word_n assure_a peace_n entire_a victory_n or_o honest_a death_n on_o the_o reverse_n be_v the_o queen_n own_o name_n with_o that_o of_o her_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o bearne_v who_o be_v afterward_o henry_n the_o four_o the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n and_o navarre_n war_n drain_v the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n so_o dry_a that_o for_o most_o part_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o wage_n and_o arrear_n of_o those_o who_o serve_v they_o much_o less_o reward_v they_o the_o roman_a oak_n olive_n and_o laurel_n crown_n be_v out_o of_o fashion_n long_o ago_o nor_o will_v they_o signify_v any_o thing_n but_o rather_o be_v ridiculous_a unless_o they_o be_v give_v with_o all_o the_o wage_n due_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o be_v honour_v with_o one_o of_o those_o crown_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o place_n how_o in_o many_o part_n of_o christendom_n officer_n above_o the_o quality_n of_o private_a captain_n many_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o beggary_n to_o obviate_v which_o since_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v forbear_v war_n or_o will_v not_o live_v in_o peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a work_n of_o charity_n in_o they_o and_o will_v much_o redound_v to_o their_o honour_n charity_n work_n of_o charity_n and_o fame_n to_o build_v some_o hospital_n and_o endue_v they_o with_o some_o small_a revenue_n in_o which_o those_o commander_n who_o be_v lame_a old_a and_o poor_a may_v get_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n which_o will_v be_v a_o exceed_a great_a relief_n to_o those_o distress_a gentleman_n and_o much_o encourage_v young_a people_n to_o engage_v in_o a_o fresh_a war_n for_o alas_o though_o write_v testimony_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o young_a and_o lusty_a gallant_n who_o have_v their_o health_n and_o some_o money_n in_o their_o purse_n to_o look_v for_o new_a fortune_n yet_o pass_n though_o never_o so_o favourable_a to_o poor_a old_a man_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n nothing_o else_o pass_n pass_n but_o fair_a commission_n to_o beg_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o curse_n that_o follow_v adam_n fall_n and_o i_o think_v be_v inherent_a in_o nature_n discontent_n follow_v humane_a nature_n he_o before_o his_o fall_n that_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o none_o of_o his_o posterity_n can_v be_v content_a with_o his_o present_a condition_n the_o long_a desire_n we_o have_v to_o enjoy_v that_o we_o want_v rob_v we_o of_o the_o content_a we_o may_v have_v of_o what_o we_o possess_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o old_a man_n cry_v up_o those_o custom_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o be_v boy_n vilify_a the_o present_a and_o magnify_v the_o bypass_a time_n neither_o be_v this_o fastidium_fw-la or_o loathe_v of_o present_a thing_n the_o concomitant_a of_o age_n only_o for_o young_a man_n who_o be_v in_o their_o strength_n be_v taint_v with_o it_o some_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o state_n other_o huge_o dissatisfy_v with_o that_o of_o the_o church_n because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v cast_v in_o those_o mould_n which_o they_o fancy_v to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o present_a one_o and_o though_o perhaps_o they_o can_v pretend_v to_o have_v see_v better_a in_o their_o own_o time_n yet_o they_o have_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o those_o which_o they_o conceive_v be_v so_o absolute_o good_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v to_o their_o perfection_n other_o like_v only_o of_o those_o government_n which_o have_v their_o birth_n rise_v growth_n and_o perfection_n in_o their_o own_o giddy_a brain_n 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all_o the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o chap._n x._o one_o of_o our_o modern_a army_n compare_v with_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n our_o batallion_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o modern_a war_n will_v resemble_v the_o grecian_a heavy_a arm_a phalange_n of_o foot_n if_o they_o be_v as_o well_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a as_o they_o shall_v be_v and_o as_o they_o be_v one_o hundred_o year_n ago_o our_o one_o modern_a infantry_n resemble_v the_o grecian_a one_o musket_n harquebuse_n firelock_n and_o fusee_n give_v we_o a_o uncontroverted_a advantage_n over_o their_o light_n arm_v or_o yet_o the_o roman_a velite_n whatever_o lipsius_n say_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o my_o essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war._n a_o swedish_n company_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n and_o since_o be_v of_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o man_n resemble_v the_o grecian_a centuriate_n which_o consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o man_n and_o a_o swedish_n regiment_n wherein_o be_v one_o thousand_o and_o eight_o man_n come_v very_o near_o to_o the_o grecian_a chiliarchy_n wherein_o according_a to_o aelian_a there_o be_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o man_n since_o the_o time_n that_o the_o swisser_n canton_n confederate_v so_o strong_o and_o swisser_n swisser_n fight_v with_o their_o master_n so_o fortunate_o that_o they_o get_v themselves_o declare_v free_a state_n their_o great_a batallion_n of_o ten_o sometime_o twelve_o sometime_o sixteen_o thousand_o all_o arm_v for_o the_o offensive_a with_o long_a and_o strong_a pike_n and_o have_v their_o head_n neck_n back_n breast_n belly_n and_o arm_n and_o thigh_n well_o defend_v with_o iron_n and_o steel_n resemble_v perfect_o a_o macedonian_a phalange_n of_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n and_o what_o great_a victory_n they_o gain_v with_o those_o batallion_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o hereafter_o en_fw-fr passant_a but_o one_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o before_o that_o they_o come_v short_a of_o the_o grecian_n for_o their_o velite_n for_o we_o read_v not_o that_o then_o they_o make_v use_v of_o any_o musket_n or_o harquebus_n though_o other_o nation_n do_v but_o not_o long_o after_o that_o time_n they_o begin_v to_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o german_n who_o then_o and_o long_o after_o make_v up_o their_o body_n of_o foot_n of_o two_o three_o of_o pike_n and_o one_o three_o of_o fire-man_n for_o to_o arm_v two_o part_n of_o a_o company_n of_o foot_n with_o musket_n and_o one_o part_n with_o pike_n be_v a_o custom_n of_o a_o far_o late_a date_n but_o of_o this_o more_o in_o another_o place_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o say_v that_o our_o infantry_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o pike-man_n if_o they_o be_v well_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a resemble_v the_o grecian_a heavy_a and_o light_a arm_a foot_n and_o so_o
camp_n but_o that_o which_o he_o add_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o all_o general_n who_o encamp_v their_o army_n for_o any_o time_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v frequent_o whole_a summer_n and_o whole_a winter_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v aestiva_fw-la and_o the_o last_o hâ—berna_n shall_v have_v a_o provident_a care_n and_o shall_v make_v it_o their_o great_a work_n that_o not_o only_a fuel_n fodder_n and_o water_n be_v supply_v near_o hand_n but_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n for_o back_n and_o belly_n and_o all_o munition_n may_v be_v bring_v safe_o and_o without_o â—â—peach_n of_o a_o enemy_n to_o their_o quarter_n to_o which_o effect_n if_o there_o be_v not_o fortify_v place_n all_o along_o the_o country_n through_o which_o these_o provision_n be_v to_o be_v transport_v than_o some_o aught_o to_o be_v build_v one_o whereof_o shall_v second_v another_o these_o vegetius_n call_v castle_n castâ—lla_n what_o castâ—lla_n what_o a_o diminutive_a as_o he_o tell_v we_o from_o castra_n the_o ancient_n either_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n or_o in_o those_o of_o their_o conquest_n do_v even_o so_o as_o be_v practise_v to_o this_o day_n and_o that_o be_v they_o build_v fort_n tower_n sconce_n and_o castle_n in_o these_o place_n where_o it_o be_v thoâ—ght_v they_o may_v be_v build_v for_o what_o use_v build_v most_o useful_a either_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o ill_a affect_a neighbour_n or_o to_o put_v such_o a_o restraint_n oâ—_n the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o as_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o rebellion_n for_o this_o purpose_n long_o and_o strong_a wall_n be_v sometime_o build_v with_o excessive_a cost_n and_o labour_n we_o may_v yet_o see_v some_o relic_n of_o severus_n wall_n build_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o britain_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n the_o castle_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o keep_v constant_o guard_v be_v for_o most_o part_n build_v round_o of_o thick_a and_o strong_a wall_n to_o resist_v the_o battery_n of_o the_o ram_n and_o if_o they_o have_v curtain_n these_o be_v â—â—anked_v a_o l'antique_a with_o round_a turret_n these_o castilia_n the_o roman_n call_v also_o burga_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o they_o borrow_v fort._n burg_n a_o latinâ—_n and_o a_o german_a word_n signify_v a_o fort._n the_o word_n from_o the_o german_n or_o the_o german_n from_o they_o for_o the_o old_a dutch_a word_n burg_n yet_o in_o use_n signify_v a_o strength_n hold_v fort_n or_o castle_n many_z of_o they_o be_v build_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o germany_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n the_o governor_n of_o these_o castle_n or_o fort_n be_v call_v custode_n &_o magistri_fw-la burgorum_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o commit_v to_o they_o during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o emperor_n afterward_o by_o the_o liberality_n and_o bounty_n of_o prince_n these_o keeper_n be_v make_v hereditary_a governor_n and_o long_o after_o the_o castle_n and_o burg_n themselves_o with_o many_o fair_a land_n belong_v to_o they_o were_z give_v to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n in_o property_n for_o ever_o to_o hold_v they_o in_o vassalage_n hence_o come_v the_o name_n of_o castâ—lâ—â—ns_n a_o title_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o profit_n in_o poland_n castellan_n castellan_n where_o they_o enjoy_v it_o but_o for_o life_n the_o king_n have_v the_o disposal_n oâ—_n it_o afterward_o hence_o the_o title_n of_o burggrave_n in_o germany_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o that_o country_n be_v of_o great_a honour_n than_o the_o title_n oâ—_n a_o earl_n which_o in_o dutch_a be_v simple_o grave_a and_o that_o dignity_n of_o burggrave_n to_o this_o day_n be_v there_o very_o honourable_a and_o keep_v by_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n as_o a_o addition_n and_o that_o no_o burggrave_n burggrave_n small_a one_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o great_a title_n as_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o hereditary_a burggrave_n of_o nuremburg_n in_o process_n oâ—_n time_n village_n hamlet_n and_o little_a town_n be_v build_v beside_o these_o burg_n many_o whereof_o be_v become_v great_a and_o famous_a city_n which_o keep_v yet_o their_o denomination_n from_o the_o burg_n or_o castle_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o edify_v such_o as_o strasburg_n augsburg_n nuremburg_n wirtsburg_n lunenburg_n neramburg_n haâ—burg_n and_o many_o other_o and_o as_o at_o the_o first_o building_n these_o castle_n or_o burg_n the_o keeper_n be_v call_v magistri_fw-la burgâ—rum_fw-la so_o to_o this_o day_n the_o principal_a magistrate_n and_o mayor_n of_o city_n be_v call_v burgomaster_n the_o roman_a soldier_n have_v finish_v the_o fortification_n of_o their_o camp_n be_v next_o to_o be_v lodge_v within_o it_o i_o be_o afraid_a it_o will_v not_o contain_v they_o all_o yet_o let_v we_o see_v how_o polybius_n will_v accommodate_v his_o consular_a army_n for_o we_o have_v do_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o that_o tribune_n whole_a lot_n or_o turn_v it_o be_v to_o officiate_v for_o the_o legion_n to_o go_v before_o no_o doubt_v with_o a_o guard_n and_o some_o centurion_n with_o he_o to_o take_v up_o ground_n for_o the_o camp_n and_o to_o measure_v out_o all_o the_o several_a quarter_n of_o it_o which_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o comprehend_v we_o shall_v divide_v the_o roman_a camp_n into_o two_o but_o not_o equal_a part_n these_o be_v call_v the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a part_n division_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n into_o two_o part_n part_n in_o the_o upper_a lodge_v the_o consul_n the_o treasurer_n the_o legate_n the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o extraordinary_n of_o the_o ally_n the_o lodging_n of_o the_o tribune_n and_o prâ—fecti_n be_v also_o there_o and_o in_o it_o be_v the_o marketplace_n and_o a_o large_a place_n to_o receive_v stranger_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v quarter_v all_o the_o four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o ally_n in_o several_a maniple_n and_o all_o the_o troop_n of_o horse_n of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o the_o tribune_n who_o measure_v the_o camp_n first_o choose_v ground_n for_o the_o prâ—tâ—rium_n pavilion_n pratâ—rium_n or_o consul_n pavilion_n that_o be_v the_o consul_n pavilion_n and_o tent_n and_o allow_v for_o it_o two_o hundred_o foot_n square_a the_o superficial_a measure_n whereof_o be_v eight_o italian_a mile_n for_o multiply_v two_o hundred_o by_o two_o hundred_o the_o product_n will_v be_v forty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o these_o make_v eight_o mile_n and_o no_o doubt_n himself_o his_o friend_n servant_n and_o baggage_n may_v be_v well_o enough_o accommodate_v in_o such_o a_o compass_n of_o ground_n that_o ground_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o white_a flag_n and_o all_o the_o other_o quarter_n with_o red_a one_o and_o here_o be_v please_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o roman_n keep_v constant_o one_o way_n of_o castrametation_n they_o be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o it_o that_o no_o soon_o any_o of_o the_o army_n see_v by_o the_o white_a flag_n where_o the_o consul_n be_v to_o lodge_v but_o every_o one_o know_v how_o to_o go_v straight_o to_o that_o quarter_n that_o be_v design_v for_o he_o as_o well_o say_v polybius_n as_o citizen_n know_v how_o to_o go_v to_o their_o house_n after_o they_o enter_v any_o of_o the_o port_n upon_o both_o hand_n of_o the_o praetorian_a be_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o treasurer_n and_o legate_n for_o the_o first_o be_v allow_v two_o hundred_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o a_o hundred_o in_o depth_n for_o each_o legate_n a_o hundred_o foot_n long_o and_o fifty_o deep_a to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o euâ—cati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n lipsius_n and_o terduzzi_n and_o the_o camp_n who_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n siâ—ur_n de_fw-fr prâ—issack_n follow_v he_o allow_v eighty_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o hundred_o thirty_o eight_o in_o breadth_n and_o to_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la eighty_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o a_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o in_o breadth_n perhaps_o they_o gather_v this_o out_o of_o polybius_n but_o i_o be_o very_o sure_a notwithstanding_o any_o of_o their_o assertion_n to_o the_o contrary_a the_o number_n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la be_v uncertain_a for_o they_o be_v voluntary_a sometime_o evocati_fw-la evocati_fw-la more_o sometime_o few_o and_o so_o not_o definite_a one_o and_o the_o same_o measure_n of_o ground_n can_v not_o always_o and_o at_o all_o time_n be_v allow_v to_o they_o but_o all_o these_o be_v thus_o quarter_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o pratâ—rium_n there_o be_v a_o street_n of_o one_o hundred_o foot_n broad_a which_o traverse_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v forget_v between_o which_o street_n and_o the_o
how_o to_o do_v it_o first_o say_v he_o let_v the_o front_n of_o your_o army_n be_v marshal_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o your_o second_o second_o enemy_n then_o say_v he_o let_v your_o front_n retire_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o your_o flank_n stand_v still_o shall_v environ_v your_o enemy_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o machiavelli_n think_v this_o a_o squint_a device_n but_o it_o be_v a_o fancy_n only_o beseem_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n if_o he_o have_v say_v let_v your_o battle_n stand_v and_o your_o wing_n extend_v themselves_o he_o have_v speak_v some_o sense_n but_o a_o front_n to_o retire_v be_v a_o improper_a speech_n and_o unintelligible_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n for_o in_o strict_a and_o proper_a language_n a_o front_n and_o a_o rear_n consist_v but_o each_o of_o they_o of_o one_o rank_n whether_o that_o be_v of_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o ten_o thousand_o or_o twenry_n thousand_o man_n or_o horse_n so_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o be_v the_o front_n can_v retire_v further_a than_o six_o or_o three_o foot_n allow_v to_o be_v between_o it_o and_o the_o second_o rank_n unless_o all_o the_o rank_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a batallion_n retire_v i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v have_v the_o half_a of_o the_o rank_n to_o be_v the_o front_n and_o the_o other_o half_a the_o rear_n as_o in_o our_o foot_n batallion_n which_o be_v six_o deep_a the_o three_o first_o rank_n make_v the_o front_n the_o other_o three_o the_o rear_n but_o this_o as_o i_o think_v be_v not_o proper_a language_n neither_o will_v it_o help_v machiavelli_n for_o his_o front_n of_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n can_v retire_v till_o the_o three_o last_o rank_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o retire_v first_o beside_o all_o this_o i_o doubt_v if_o in_o machiavel_n time_n captain_n may_v well_o hazard_v more_o three_o three_o than_o now_o to_o command_v a_o batallion_n of_o man_n to_o retire_v for_o fear_v they_o can_v not_o get_v they_o to_o advance_v again_o at_o least_o not_o so_o ready_o justus_n lipsius_n have_v reason_n to_o accuse_v machiavelli_n of_o gross_a ignorance_n for_o deny_v the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o militia_n to_o be_v a_o art_n and_o certain_o his_o conceit_n to_o do_v so_o four_o four_o be_v very_o extravagant_a â—esides_v he_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o call_v his_o treatise_n of_o war_n i_o set_v libri_fw-la del'arte_fw-la della_fw-it guerra_fw-mi di_fw-it nicolo_n machiavelli_n seven_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o nicol_n machiavelli_n indeed_o soldier_n be_v very_o little_o bind_v to_o he_o for_o he_o say_v neither_o prince_n nor_o state_n shall_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o who_o profess_v to_o live_v by_o the_o art_n of_o war_n to_o dwell_v under_o they_o nor_o do_v say_v he_o any_o virtuous_a or_o good_a man_n use_v it_o as_o a_o art_n and_o add_v that_o those_o who_o do_v so_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v false_a fraudulent_a treacherous_a and_o violent_a for_o they_o must_v say_v this_o doctor_n either_o obstruct_v all_o peace_n that_o the_o war_n continue_v they_o may_v thereby_o be_v maintain_v or_o they_o must_v pill_v plunder_v and_o make_v spoil_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n this_o be_v bad_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v all_o true_a these_o be_v his_o goodly_a argument_n which_o be_v but_o his_o own_o idle_a dream_n for_o it_o be_v observation_n five_o observation_n no_o difficil_n matter_n to_o keep_v man_n who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o duty_n even_o when_o they_o but_o seldom_o receive_v their_o wage_n and_o this_o in_o this_o age_n be_v visible_a to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o can_v many_o instance_n be_v give_v where_o man_n of_o war_n obstruct_v that_o peace_n which_o their_o master_n desire_v or_o which_o both_o party_n be_v content_v to_o make_v and_o if_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o disband_v of_o army_n any_o exorbitancy_n chance_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o soldier_n as_o seldom_o any_o such_o thing_n fall_v out_o they_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o too_o great_a a_o defalcation_n of_o their_o pay_n with_o the_o half_a or_o moiety_n whereof_o all_o modern_a soldier_n will_v be_v hearty_o well_o content_v so_o perfect_o have_v they_o learn_v the_o baptist_n lesson_n in_o the_o gospel_n to_o be_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o cry_v up_o the_o lowliness_n of_o spirit_n of_o those_o great_a statesman_n who_o be_v please_v to_o descend_v from_o their_o high_a corollary_n corollary_n sphere_n to_o learn_v their_o politic_n from_o machiavelli_n or_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o those_o captain_n who_o disdain_v to_o stoop_v so_o low_a as_o to_o receive_v their_o lesson_n of_o the_o military_a art_n from_o the_o town_n clerk_n of_o florence_n i_o suppose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o i_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v in_o some_o place_n to_o set_v down_o wherein_o the_o ordinance_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o all_o or_o do_v what_o the_o author_n promise_v to_o do_v most_o of_o the_o several_a point_n or_o part_n of_o it_o in_o divers_a country_n agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a time_n and_o when_o i_o give_v my_o own_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v spare_o and_o with_o submission_n neither_o shall_v i_o decline_v to_o go_v as_o far_o back_o in_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o war_n in_o former_a time_n as_o i_o have_v either_o probable_a ground_n for_o conjecture_n or_o any_o glimpse_n of_o light_a to_o conduct_v i_o since_o i_o write_v this_o chapter_n i_o have_v see_v some_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v soldier_n themselves_o have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a french_a art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n as_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr valiere_n mounseur_fw-fr 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more_o dishearten_v soldier_n than_o the_o certain_a argument_n second_o argument_n knowledge_n of_o disproportionable_a and_o unequal_a arm_n this_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a but_o from_o hence_o he_o and_o i_o draw_v two_o very_a different_a inference_n i_o be_v that_o musquetier_n will_v be_v sore_o afraid_a to_o buckle_v with_o arm_a pikeman_n if_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o courage_n to_o stand_v out_o a_o volley_n or_o two_o and_o it_o be_v like_o the_o musquetier_n will_v be_v afraid_a that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v stand_v it_o out_o but_o he_o make_v another_o inference_n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v be_v afraid_a because_o they_o know_v their_o pike_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n and_o can_v do_v no_o execution_n certain_o he_o tell_v i_o news_n for_o i_o think_v the_o grecian_a german_n and_o switz_n answer_v answer_v batallion_n of_o pike_n have_v very_o frequent_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o they_o and_o so_o have_v do_v execution_n and_o be_v not_o this_o again_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n i_o assure_v he_o i_o will_v not_o take_v his_o word_n for_o it_o but_o if_o he_o mean_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o the_o rout_n the_o pikeman_n be_v heau_o arm_v can_v follow_v the_o execution_n i_o shall_v ready_o grant_v it_o to_o he_o and_o vegetius_n will_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o heavy_a arm_a be_v like_o a_o iron_n wall_n which_o can_v neither_o run_v away_o from_o a_o victorious_a enemy_n nor_o pursue_v a_o fly_a one_o for_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o horse_n and_o light_v arm_v foot_n but_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n by_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o hear_v and_o observe_v there_o happen_v a_o tumult_n between_o the_o english_a and_o swisser_n in_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o leaguer_n when_o he_o lie_v before_o schencksconce_v the_o swisser_n go_v to_o arm_n and_o be_v in_o battle_n present_v their_o pike_n here_o our_o author_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v that_o two_o english_a man_n with_o sword_n only_o enter_v among_o the_o swisser_n pike_n and_o cut_v off_o say_v he_o several_a of_o their_o head_n of_o the_o pike_n i_o hope_v not_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o bring_v they_o away_o with_o they_o the_o two_o english_a unhurt_a if_o this_o be_v all_o true_a what_o will_v it_o evince_v but_o the_o great_a modesty_n and_o patience_n of_o the_o swisser_n and_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o nation_n in_o appease_v the_o tumult_n for_o our_o author_n be_v mad_a if_o he_o think_v that_o any_o rational_a creature_n will_v be_v persuade_v by_o he_o to_o believe_v that_o two_o man_n with_o sword_n can_v affront_v a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o go_v away_o so_o easy_o if_o the_o other_o have_v be_v please_v to_o resent_v it_o three_o he_o say_v only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v the_o rest_n be_v 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master_n too_o for_o i_o find_v by_o his_o book_n he_o have_v have_v his_o breed_n in_o holland_n and_o denmark_n where_o in_o his_o time_n the_o foot_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a as_o to_o what_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o terror_n of_o a_o alarm_n i_o ask_v if_o that_o must_v frighten_v a_o pikeman_n more_o than_o either_o a_o horseman_n or_o a_o musqueteer_n i_o think_v less_o because_o he_o be_v better_a arm_v but_o he_o speak_v still_o of_o pikeman_n as_o of_o coward_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o can_v imagine_v for_o his_o confusion_n of_o rank_n occasion_v by_o those_o who_o fall_v dead_a he_o know_v those_o behind_o they_o shall_v fill_v up_o their_o place_n and_o this_o musqueteer_n be_v bind_v to_o
any_o man_n say_v that_o the_o imperial_a pikeman_n lose_v this_o battle_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o suppose_v none_o but_o brancatio_n and_o master_n lupton_n moncounter_n be_v lose_v for_o many_o reason_n too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o whereof_o the_o great_a number_n of_o pike_n be_v none_o and_o what_o a_o madness_n be_v it_o in_o these_o two_o antipike-man_n to_o speak_v of_o dreux_n for_o there_o they_o who_o lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o dâ—â—ux_n battle_n of_o dâ—â—ux_n day_n that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o conde_n and_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v few_o or_o no_o pike_n at_o all_o and_o succeed_v according_o for_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n after_o a_o long_a and_o doubtful_a fight_n marshal_n st._n andre_n be_v kill_v and_o the_o constable_n take_v rout_v their_o foot_n with_o his_o cavalry_n so_o the_o have_v pike_n gain_v the_o royalist_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n for_o the_o swisser_n though_o with_o huge_a loss_n keep_v the_o field_n and_o the_o want_n of_o pike_n lose_v it_o to_o the_o protestant_n these_o be_v brancatio_n his_o instance_n to_o prove_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o what_o little_a reason_n mr._n lupton_n have_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o other_o authority_n be_v clear_v i_o hope_v by_o my_o answer_n which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v lest_o i_o may_v have_v seem_v to_o have_v undervalue_v mr._n lupton_n as_o terduzzi_n have_v do_v his_o countryman_n brancatio_n who_o deign_v not_o almost_o to_o afford_v one_o of_o his_o argument_n a_o reply_n it_o rest_v now_o that_o i_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o both_o of_o they_o who_o draw_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o pike_n because_o the_o turk_n use_v it_o not_o but_o reject_v it_o as_o unserviceable_a to_o this_o first_o i_o say_v that_o the_o turk_n glory_n that_o his_o batallion_n resemble_v the_o macedonian_a defect_n want_v of_o pike_n in_o the_o tuâ—ks_v army_n a_o defect_n phalanges_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o this_o assertion_n he_o approve_v of_o the_o pike_n which_o be_v the_o macedonian_a weapon_n but_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v his_o vanity_n to_o say_v so_o for_o the_o staff_n which_o many_o of_o his_o man_n carry_v be_v rather_o a_o javelin_n than_o a_o pike_n but_o next_o i_o aver_v that_o the_o grand_a signior_n want_v of_o pike_n be_v a_o defect_n in_o his_o militia_n which_o no_o prince_n or_o state_n be_v bind_v to_o imitate_v and_o assure_o if_o selimus_n his_o cannon_n have_v not_o terrify_v the_o persian_a horse_n in_o the_o caldâ—ran_a plain_n he_o will_v have_v repent_v instance_a instance_a that_o he_o have_v no_o batallion_n of_o pike_n to_o withstand_v the_o furious_a and_o reiterated_a charge_n of_o sophi_n ishmael_n and_o his_o resolute_a cavalry_n and_o if_o the_o treason_n of_o some_o mamaluck_v captain_n have_v not_o assist_v that_o same_o turk_n against_o campson_n gaurus_n sultan_n of_o egypt_n where_o he_o be_v almost_o bear_v down_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o mamaluck_v horseman_n the_o want_n of_o pike_n have_v lose_v he_o his_o army_n and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o empire_n but_o i_o will_v let_v these_o two_o gentleman_n see_v the_o turk_n beat_v with_o pikeman_n in_o asia_n two_o several_a time_n tâ—chel_n surname_v cusâ—lbas_n or_o redhead_n by_o nation_n a_o persian_a have_v but_o very_o few_o horse_n arm_v all_o his_o foot_n who_o be_v pikeman_n turk_n beat_v with_o pikeman_n but_o countrypeople_n and_o new_o levy_v with_o long_a pike_n one_o of_o bajazet_n beglerbeg_n bassa_n taragio_fw-mi meets_z he_o at_o the_o river_n sangar_n where_o techâ—l_v beat_v back_o and_o break_v the_o turk_n horse_n with_o his_o â—ong_a pike_n and_o obtain_v the_o victory_n not_o long_o after_o that_o techel_n meet_v with_o hali_n bassa_n at_o mount_n oliga_n with_o who_o he_o fight_v long_o and_o at_o length_n by_o the_o courageous_a manage_n of_o his_o long_a pike_n he_o force_v the_o turkish_a horse_n to_o run_v out_o of_o the_o field_n in_o which_o skuffle_v the_o bassa_n himself_o be_v kilâ—ed_v i_o be_o afraid_a it_o have_v be_v pure_a malice_n in_o these_o two_o gentleman_n to_o conceive_v the_o milan_n great_a action_n of_o the_o swisser_n arm_v with_o pike_n charles_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n beside_o milan_n great_a victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o swisser_n by_o no_o other_o weapon_n than_o the_o pike_n ignorance_n it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o brancatio_n since_o some_o of_o they_o be_v the_o action_n of_o his_o own_o time_n nor_o in_o lupton_n who_o may_v have_v read_v they_o in_o modern_a history_n they_o overthrow_v charles_n of_o burgundy_n in_o three_o several_a battle_n and_o he_o be_v a_o very_a warlike_a prince_n they_o march_v three_o mile_n out_o of_o milan_n to_o attack_v a_o martial_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o lodge_v in_o a_o well_o fortify_v camp_n environ_v with_o a_o well_o order_v infantry_n a_o numerous_a cavalry_n and_o a_o huge_a train_n of_o artillery_n they_o storm_v his_o retrenchment_n take_v some_o of_o his_o cannon_n fight_v till_o night_n part_v they_o renew_v the_o battle_n next_o morning_n very_o betimes_o fight_v long_o with_o doubtful_a success_n the_o event_n whereof_o may_v have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o french_a king_n if_o the_o stout_a venetian_a general_n alviano_n have_v not_o come_v upon_o the_o spur_n with_o three_o thousand_o horse_n to_o the_o rescue_n and_o then_o the_o swisser_n retire_v in_o good_a order_n back_o to_o milan_n in_o spite_n of_o both_o french_a and_o venetian_n aâ—_n novara_n they_o force_v the_o french_a to_o retire_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o town_n ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o follow_v the_o next_o day_n and_o fight_v novara_n at_o novara_n with_o the_o french_a two_o hour_n and_o observe_v it_o that_o they_o be_v principal_o resist_v by_o the_o german_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o stout_o fight_v be_v kill_v every_o man_n of_o they_o the_o swisser_n obtain_v a_o absolute_a victory_n they_o kill_v many_o of_o the_o french_a and_o gascon_n foot_n in_o their_o flight_n for_o they_o do_v not_o fight_v they_o chase_v the_o french_a cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o field_n who_o can_v not_o be_v detain_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o trimoville_n and_o trivultio_n both_o of_o they_o great_a captain_n these_o the_o swisser_n for_o want_n of_o horse_n can_v not_o pursue_v but_o they_o take_v two_o and_o twenty_o piece_n of_o artillery_n with_o a_o infinite_a booty_n and_o so_o return_v to_o novara_n a_o action_n even_o in_o the_o heroic_a time_n almost_o beyond_o belief_n you_o may_v read_v these_o story_n at_o large_a both_o in_o guicciardini_n and_o giovio_n at_o meaux_n on_o the_o river_n marne_n the_o prince_n of_o condâ—_n and_o the_o admiral_n of_o marne_n at_o meaux_n on_o the_o river_n marne_n france_n have_v well_o near_o surprise_v charles_n the_o nine_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o mother_n catherine_n de_fw-fr medici_n great_a be_v the_o fear_n of_o the_o court_n where_o there_o be_v none_o to_o defend_v it_o but_o eight_o or_o nine_o hundred_o gentleman_n arm_v only_o with_o sword_n but_o there_o arrive_v in_o a_o good_a time_n six_o thousand_o swisser_n who_o have_v come_v from_o their_o own_o country_n and_o they_o after_o three_o hour_n refreshment_n courageous_o undertake_v to_o bring_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n in_o safety_n to_o the_o lovure_n which_o be_v ten_o league_n distant_a from_o thence_o and_o perform_v it_o in_o their_o march_n they_o choose_v the_o most_o open_a and_o champain_n field_n present_v their_o pike_n on_o all_o quarter_n where_o ever_o the_o enemy_n offer_v to_o charge_n and_o come_v to_o paris_n with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o thirty_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a have_v fall_v behind_o let_v now_o master_n lupton_n tell_v we_o out_o of_o brancatio_n that_o pikeman_n can_v make_v way_n or_o pursue_v a_o enemy_n that_o they_o can_v force_v a_o guard_n street_n or_o passage_n and_o can_v make_v a_o assault_n or_o use_v diligence_n on_o a_o march_n or_o do_v other_o feat_n of_o war._n all_o these_o great_a and_o memorable_a action_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o swisser_n arm_v offensive_o only_a with_o pike_n and_o sword_n without_o harquebuse_n musket_n or_o any_o fire-gun_n without_o cavalry_n or_o artillery_n which_o be_v enough_o though_o nothing_o more_o can_v be_v say_v to_o confute_v both_o brancatio_n and_o lupton_n they_o both_o know_v that_o it_o be_v a_o capricious_a humour_n to_o take_v away_o a_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v use_v unless_o there_o be_v reason_n give_v either_o against_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o the_o bad_a use_n of_o it_o and_o this_o both_o of_o they_o think_v they_o have_v do_v how_o sufficient_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_v yet_o they_o have_v not_o do_v all_o unless_o they_o give_v we_o something_o in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pike_n since_o they_o have_v take_v it_o from_o we_o and_o
this_o both_o of_o they_o promise_n to_o do_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v how_o they_o perform_v it_o brancatio_n admit_v no_o foot_n but_o harquebusier_n musket_n be_v rare_a when_o he_o pike_n brancatio_n his_o engine_n instead_o of_o the_o pike_n write_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o he_o be_v alive_a now_o he_o will_v call_v they_o musqueteer_n as_o mr._n lupton_n do_v and_o by_o that_o name_n we_o shall_v call_v they_o hereafter_o terduzzi_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o countryman_n brancatio_n undertake_v to_o teach_v prince_n a_o invention_n how_o their_o musqueteer_n shall_v march_v in_o a_o open_a field_n or_o a_o raze_a champain_n either_o in_o squadron_n or_o man_n by_o man_n without_o run_v any_o hazard_n to_o be_v rout_v or_o overrun_v by_o any_o cavalry_n be_v it_o never_o so_o strong_a much_o less_o shall_v they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o batallion_n of_o pike_n but_o brancatio_n tell_v we_o not_o in_o his_o whole_a book_n what_o this_o invention_n be_v but_o keep_v it_o up_o as_o a_o secret_a as_o that_o to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n which_o deserve_v only_o to_o be_v whisper_v in_o the_o ear_n of_o some_o great_a prince_n i_o be_o afraid_a he_o never_o meet_v with_o that_o prince_n in_o his_o life-time_n who_o court_v he_o for_o that_o secret_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a the_o secret_a have_v die_v with_o he_o terduzzi_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o he_o have_v read_v this_o in_o brancatio_n his_o book_n he_o trouble_v his_o brain_n two_o or_o three_o night_n in_o conjecture_v what_o this_o invention_n or_o secret_n may_v be_v at_o first_o he_o imagine_v it_o must_v be_v a_o machine_n make_v with_o flank_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n and_o to_o move_v some_o way_n or_o other_o as_o the_o musqueteer_n advance_v or_o retire_v and_o so_o to_o his_o think_v shall_v be_v a_o move_a or_o ambulatory_a citadel_n but_o he_o find_v he_o have_v not_o hit_v right_o when_o he_o read_v in_o brancatio_n that_o the_o invention_n be_v a_o most_o easy_a thing_n to_o make_v but_o most_o difficult_a to_o imitate_v unless_o the_o order_n of_o it_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o author_n himself_o and_o withal_o he_o call_v it_o in_o the_o singular_a number_n a_o piece_n of_o armour_n now_o brancatio_n acknowledge_v no_o arm_n but_o sword_n or_o harquebusse_n for_o foot_n hence_o terduzzi_n conclude_v the_o invention_n must_v be_v some_o kind_n conjecture_v can_v be_v well_o conjecture_v of_o defensive_a arm_n and_o yet_o no_o great_a engine_n or_o machine_n while_o terduzzi_n be_v thus_o puzzle_v a_o italian_a gentleman_n tell_v he_o that_o brancatio_n have_v show_v he_o one_o of_o they_o and_o say_v it_o be_v a_o pike_n with_o a_o certain_a iron-triangle_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o which_o be_v cast_v on_o the_o ground_n any_o way_n always_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n shall_v stand_v up_o but_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v fix_v all_o the_o three_o angle_n stand_v in_o the_o air_n which_o when_o terduzzi_n have_v learn_v 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pikâ—_n serve_v the_o infantry_n he_o much_o commend_v this_o piece_n and_o praise_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o excessive_o but_o he_o give_v we_o no_o perfect_a description_n of_o it_o at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v make_v i_o who_o never_o see_v it_o apprehend_v it_o aright_o he_o call_v it_o a_o musket_n and_o half-pike_n if_o so_o then_o two_o weapon_n but_o for_o most_o part_n he_o call_v it_o a_o weapon_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n and_o therefore_o not_o two_o weapon_n he_o tell_v we_o by_o this_o weapon_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v safe_a within_o the_o barricado_n of_o their_o steel_n palisadoe_n for_o so_o he_o call_v it_o by_o this_o the_o weapon_n shall_v be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o shall_v be_v use_v as_o the_o swedish_n feather_n and_o if_o so_o it_o will_v make_v but_o one_o weapon_n and_o the_o musket_n will_v make_v another_o he_o say_v this_o weapon_n may_v be_v use_v as_o a_o musket_n rest_v but_o if_o it_o have_v no_o more_o use_n than_o that_o experience_n will_v make_v it_o useless_a and_o at_o length_n he_o assure_v uâ—_n that_o this_o weapon_n the_o musquet-half-pike_n will_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n spend_v by_o prince_n on_o pike_n headpiece_n back_n and_o breast_n he_o tell_v we_o of_o such_o stuff_n before_o but_o good_a god_n can_v a_o barricado_n of_o half-pike_n defend_v a_o man_n head_n and_o body_n so_o well_o from_o a_o shot_n as_o a_o head-piece_n or_o a_o corslet_n can_v and_o to_o conclude_v he_o direct_v all_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v this_o new_a weapon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o artillery-garden_n at_o london_n where_o they_o may_v be_v satisfy_v in_o all_o their_o curiosity_n but_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o weapon_n which_o he_o cry_v up_o to_o be_v of_o so_o general_a a_o good_a and_o can_v bring_v so_o universal_a a_o advantage_n to_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v within_o so_o narrow_a a_o plot_n of_o secret_n shall_v not_o 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for_o he_o desire_v if_o the_o pike_n be_v not_o altogether_o abandon_v that_o all_o who_o carry_v it_o may_v be_v teach_v the_o use_n of_o the_o musket_n likewise_o and_o this_o shall_v be_v my_o hearty_a desire_n likewise_o provide_v that_o all_o musqueteer_n may_v be_v teach_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n also_o for_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v very_o fit_a that_o every_o soldier_n be_v so_o train_v that_o he_o may_v as_o occasion_n offer_v be_v ready_a to_o make_v use_n of_o both_o weapon_n and_o for_o this_o i_o hope_v no_o discreet_a commander_n will_v fall_v out_o with_o either_o master_n lupton_n or_o i_o chap._n vii_o of_o gunpowder_n artillery_n its_o general_n and_z train_z if_o the_o chinois_n have_v the_o use_n of_o gun_n twelve_o or_o thirteen_o hundred_o year_n before_o china_n gun_n in_o china_n the_o european_n know_v what_o a_o thing_n a_o gun_n be_v as_o some_o fancy_n then_o they_o have_v gunpowder_n also_o at_o that_o time_n for_o without_o this_o gun_n be_v useless_a they_o talk_v of_o a_o king_n of_o china_n who_o be_v a_o great_a enchanter_n have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n by_o who_o help_n he_o invent_v gunpowder_n and_o artillery_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o he_o defeat_v the_o tartar_n who_o have_v grievous_o afflict_v he_o and_o this_o king_n they_o say_v live_v not_o long_o after_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n if_o the_o use_n of_o artillery_n in_o that_o country_n be_v of_o so_o old_a a_o date_n i_o think_v the_o native_n shall_v long_v ever_o now_o have_v attain_v to_o such_o a_o perfection_n of_o gunnery_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v have_v defend_v themselves_o in_o their_o late_a war_n with_o these_o same_o tartarian_n better_o than_o to_o have_v let_v they_o make_v a_o full_a conquest_n of_o their_o kingdom_n neither_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o
horse_n which_o amount_v to_o forty_o eight_o dollar_n so_o he_o have_v in_o all_o one_o hundred_o and_o eight_o dollar_n monthly_a but_o because_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o horse_n have_v allowance_n for_o some_o horse_n beside_o their_o own_o pay_n i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n set_v down_o the_o allowance_n for_o themselves_o and_o horse_n together_o a_o lieutenant_n have_v monthly_o forty_o four_o dollar_n a_o cornet_n as_o much_o a_o quartermaster_n twenty_o three_o a_o corporal_n twenty_o one_o the_o clerk_n trumpeter_z and_o chirurgeon_n each_o of_o they_o eleven_o and_o the_o smith_n as_o much_o a_o common_a trooper_n eight_o before_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o foot-pay_a i_o shall_v premise_v that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o most_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n allow_v a_o wagon_n with_o four_o horse_n and_o two_o saddle-horse_n for_o a_o captain_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o like_a number_n between_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n the_o prince_n then_o of_o this_o german_a league_n allow_v for_o a_o foot-captain_n himself_o and_o horse_n monthly_a forty_o eight_o dollar_n for_o a_o lieutenant_n twenty_o one_o for_o a_o ensign-bearear_a as_o much_o for_o a_o sergeant_n six_o for_o a_o fourier_n furer_n captain_n at_o arm_n clerk_n drummer_n piper_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n each_o of_o they_o two_o dollar_n and_o the_o four_o part_n of_o one_o for_o the_o common_a soldier_n every_o month_n two_o dollar_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v here_o either_o of_o the_o danish_a or_o the_o swedish_n pay_v they_o be_v pay_n swedish_n dâ—nish_n and_o french_a pay_n much_o about_o one_o with_o this_o agreement_n except_o that_o their_o allowance_n be_v a_o little_a more_o and_o great_a both_o for_o the_o under-officer_n and_o the_o common_a soldier_n the_o french_a pay_n will_v be_v much_o about_o one_o with_o the_o swedish_n and_o therefore_o my_o reader_n if_o he_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o majesty_n establishment_n will_v quick_o 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that_o his_o pay_n master_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o lend_v they_o a_o three_o part_n borrow_v from_o they_o to_o a_o very_a long_a day_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o pay_n this_o be_v for_o their_o garrison_n in_o the_o field_n they_o may_v happy_o deceive_v themselves_o whether_o they_o be_v officer_n or_o soldier_n that_o expect_v any_o money_n but_o must_v be_v content_v with_o commis_fw-la bread_n till_o by_o some_o victory_n any_o of_o their_o general_n be_v enable_v to_o quarter_v his_o army_n in_o a_o plentiful_a country_n and_o there_o it_o be_v where_o the_o common_a soldier_n may_v put_v themselves_o in_o clothes_n the_o officer_n in_o good_a equippage_n and_o the_o colonel_n make_v themselves_o rich_a for_o the_o german_a danish_a and_o swedish_n colonel_n play_v too_o often_o the_o roytelet_n and_o petty_a king_n in_o their_o several_a regiment_n but_o some_o officer_n there_o be_v who_o never_o meet_v with_o such_o opportunity_n and_o some_o be_v not_o dextrous_a enough_o to_o lay_v hold_n on_o such_o occasion_n when_o they_o offer_v themselves_o for_o at_o such_o time_n there_o be_v something_o else_o require_v than_o to_o receive_v pay_n from_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o company_n i_o remember_v a_o countryman_n of_o i_o tell_v i_o once_o that_o he_o have_v serve_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n eight_o year_n whereof_o he_o have_v be_v a_o captain_n three_o and_o that_o in_o all_o those_o year_n he_o have_v never_o be_v master_n of_o fourscore_o crown_n at_o one_o time_n one_o hundred_o year_n ago_o army_n be_v better_o pay_v than_o now_o they_o be_v and_o officer_n and_o soldier_n can_v tolerable_o well_o subsist_v great_a care_n be_v then_o take_v by_o a_o seasonable_a distribution_n of_o money_n to_o prevent_v mutiny_n and_o desertion_n of_o the_o service_n why_o it_o be_v not_o so_o yet_o perhaps_o want_v of_o money_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n though_o there_o be_v now_o much_o great_a store_n of_o money_n than_o be_v then_o if_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v other_o reason_n for_o it_o they_o be_v not_o to_o communicate_v they_o to_o soldier_n who_o be_v very_o improper_a judge_n of_o they_o i_o think_v it_o strange_a to_o see_v sixteen_o pay_n too_o many_o weak_a regiment_n cause_n of_o bad_a pay_n or_o seventeen_o year_n ago_o the_o native_a spaniard_n to_o who_o keep_v the_o strong_a citadel_n of_o antwerp_n be_v entrust_v beg_v public_o in_o the_o street_n of_o that_o city_n but_o i_o think_v it_o a_o more_o lamentable_a sight_n to_o see_v both_o there_o and_o in_o germany_n and_o elsewhere_o lieutenant-colonel_n major_n and_o captain_n beg_v a_o alms._n in_o former_a time_n regiment_n be_v thrice_o four_o or_o five_o time_n strong_a than_o now_o they_o be_v and_o consequent_o troop_n and_o company_n be_v for_o their_o number_n as_o strong_a if_o not_o strong_a than_o now_o half_a regiment_n be_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v hundred_o of_o old_a man_n yet_o live_v who_o have_v see_v private_a captain_n in_o high_a esteem_n than_o colonel_n be_v now_o and_o i_o suppose_v if_o prince_n and_o state_n think_v it_o â—it_n to_o follow_v the_o old_a way_n and_o make_v their_o troop_n and_o company_n three_o time_n strong_a than_o now_o they_o be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n they_o may_v be_v as_o well_o serve_v and_o save_v a_o vast_a expense_n of_o treasure_n if_o a_o army_n of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v whereof_o eighteen_o thousand_o be_v to_o be_v foot_n and_o six_o thousand_o horse_n six_o colonel_n may_v as_o well_o now_o command_v the_o 18000_o foot_n divide_v into_o six_o regiment_n as_o six_o colonel_n do_v the_o like_o fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o four_o colonel_n may_v command_v the_o six_o thousand_o horse_n divide_v into_o four_o regiment_n allow_v to_o each_o one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o horse_n the_o expense_n that_o will_v be_v save_v here_o of_o the_o pay_n of_o complete_a officer_n of_o twelve_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o two_o of_o horse_n will_v exceed_o help_v to_o pay_v the_o other_o eight_o be_v please_v to_o see_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o instance_a by_o a_o observation_n i_o make_v in_o the_o year_n 1649_o after_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n have_v in_o she_o munster_n number_n of_o swedish_n and_o hessick_n regiment_n after_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n pay_v in_o germany_n beside_o her_o force_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o dominion_n four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o dragoon_n and_o threescore_o regiment_n of_o foot_n in_o some_o regiment_n there_o be_v twenty_o company_n in_o some_o twelve_o in_o some_o ten_o and_o in_o some_o eight_o all_o the_o company_n in_o the_o whole_a sixty_o foot_n regiment_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v six_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o her_o confederate_a the_o landtgrave_n of_o hessen_n have_v a_o hundred_o and_o eight_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o company_n of_o foot_n all_o the_o horse_n troop_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n eighty_o rider_n apiece_o every_o foot-company_n a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o at_o least_o therefore_o the_o queen_n four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o troop_n of_o cavalry_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n thirty_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o her_o six_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o company_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o their_o first_o levy_n seventy_o nine_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o man_n the_o landtgrave_n a_o hundred_o and_o eight_o troop_n of_o cavalry_n shall_v have_v be_v eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o horse_n his_o hundred_o and_o eight_o company_n of_o foot_n shall_v have_v be_v at_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o man_n a_o piece_n twenty_o two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o man_n be_v please_v to_o add_v the_o
first_o strict_a law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o observance_n of_o religious_a duty_n a_o submission_n religion_n for_o religion_n to_o church-discipline_n and_o a_o due_a respect_n to_o be_v give_v to_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n against_o atheism_n blasphemy_n perjury_n and_o the_o profanation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n second_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o majesty_n and_o authority_n loyalty_n for_o loyalty_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n in_o who_o service_n the_o army_n be_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v or_o speak_v to_o the_o disparagement_n of_o himself_o his_o government_n his_o undertake_n or_o the_o justice_n of_o any_o of_o his_o action_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n three_o for_o honour_n respect_n and_o obedience_n to_o be_v give_v to_o all_o superior_a commander_n from_o the_o high_a obedience_n for_o obedience_n to_o the_o low_a of_o they_o and_o none_o of_o their_o command_n be_v to_o be_v dispute_v much_o less_o be_v they_o themselves_o to_o be_v affront_v either_o by_o gesture_n word_n or_o action_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o command_n be_v not_o diametrical_o contrary_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o prince_n his_o service_n but_o indeed_o such_o command_n will_v be_v so_o clear_a that_o they_o need_v no_o canvas_n otherwise_o any_o disobedience_n open_v a_o door_n to_o resistance_n that_o usher_v in_o sedition_n which_o often_o be_v support_v by_o open_a rebellion_n to_o clear_v which_o suppose_v what_o frequent_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o governor_n of_o a_o well_o fortify_v and_o a_o well_o provide_v place_n offer_v to_o deliver_v lawful_a disobedience_n to_o unlawful_a command_n lawful_a it_o up_o to_o a_o enemy_n without_o opposition_n those_o under_o he_o may_v resist_v so_o unjust_a and_o so_o base_a a_o command_n and_o they_o not_o only_o may_v but_o aught_o to_o resist_v he_o for_o the_o disobedience_n in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o the_o subaltern_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o excellent_a service_n do_v to_o their_o master_n and_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o those_o law_n of_o war_n which_o for_o give_v over_o a_o fort_n in_o that_o fashion_n sentence_n the_o governor_n to_o a_o ignominious_a death_n the_o inferior_a commander_n to_o be_v shameful_o cashier_v and_o the_o common_a soldier_n to_o be_v disarm_v and_o make_v serve_v as_o pioner_n to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v act_n of_o great_a injustice_n if_o inferior_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v a_o blind_a obedience_n to_o all_o the_o command_v of_o their_o superior_n whatever_o they_o be_v without_o exception_n and_o such_o a_o case_n it_o be_v when_o a_o officer_n command_v those_o under_o he_o to_o desert_n their_o post_n whether_o that_o be_v in_o town_n camp_n leaguer_n or_o field_n and_o go_v over_o with_o he_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v so_o and_o be_v ever_o retake_v he_o be_v punish_v for_o his_o treachery_n and_o they_o for_o their_o obedience_n to_o so_o illegal_a a_o command_n four_o article_n of_o war_n be_v make_v for_o due_a and_o strict_a keep_n of_o guard_n watch_n for_o keep_v strict_a guard_n and_o watch_n and_o watch_n and_o here_o as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n observe_v the_o severity_n of_o military_a law_n for_o he_o who_o after_o tap-too_a discharge_v any_o hand_n gun_n be_v it_o pistol_n musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carrabine_n unless_o against_o a_o enemy_n or_o he_o who_o sleep_v on_o his_o centinel_n or_o desert_n it_o or_o he_o who_o be_v drink_v on_o his_o watch_n be_v all_o to_o die_v these_o be_v crime_n which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n do_v not_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o in_o the_o law_n of_o war_n this_o severity_n be_v think_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_a five_o law_n be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o stay_v behind_o or_o straggle_v in_o ordinary_a straggler_n against_o straggler_n or_o extraordinary_a march_n six_o against_o fugitive_n and_o runnaway_n either_o such_o as_o leave_v their_o colour_n runnaway_n against_o runnaway_n when_o they_o be_v in_o garrison_n or_o quarter_n and_o desert_n the_o service_n under_o any_o pretence_n without_o a_o pass_n or_o such_o as_o run_v away_o from_o their_o colour_n or_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o skirmish_n or_o battle_n or_o such_o who_o in_o storm_n and_o assault_n desert_n their_o post_n till_o either_o they_o be_v wound_v or_o have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o sword_n all_o these_o be_v liable_a to_o death_n and_o those_o who_o wound_n or_o kill_v any_o of_o they_o in_o their_o flight_n in_o their_o go_n or_o run_v away_o be_v not_o to_o be_v accountable_a for_o it_o seven_o against_o those_o who_o make_v any_o treaty_n or_o agreement_n in_o the_o field_n enemy_n against_o treaty_n with_o a_o enemy_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o the_o command_n or_o consent_v of_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o here_o again_o observe_v another_o case_n wherein_o inferior_n be_v to_o refuse_v obedience_n the_o military_a law_n condemn_v a_o colonel_n for_o such_o a_o treaty_n and_o every_o ten_o soldier_n of_o his_o regiment_n to_o die_v with_o he_o for_o give_v obedience_n to_o so_o unjust_a a_o command_n eight_o against_o those_o who_o surrender_v fortify_v place_n unless_o extreme_a necessity_n crime_n against_o needless_a surrender_n of_o fort_n and_o several_a other_o crime_n require_v it_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n nine_o against_o those_o who_o mutiny_n burn_v house_n without_o the_o general_n command_n commit_v robbery_n murder_n theft_n or_o violence_n to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o general_n safeguard_n and_o against_o those_o who_o keep_v private_a correspondence_n unless_o order_v to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o general_n all_o these_o crime_n by_o most_o military_a law_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n ten_o against_o private_a combat_n or_o duel_n the_o combatant_n and_o duel_n against_o duel_n their_o second_o be_v to_o die_v and_o if_o superior_a officer_n know_v of_o the_o combat_n and_o do_v not_o hinder_v it_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cashier_v with_o ignominy_n a_o necessary_a law_n enough_o yet_o seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n eleven_o against_o those_o who_o sell_v play_v or_o pawn_v or_o change_v their_o arm_n arms._n against_o seller_n or_o pawner_n of_o arms._n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a whether_o he_o be_v a_o horseman_n or_o a_o foot-soldier_n he_o who_o do_v any_o of_o these_o be_v not_o only_o punishable_a but_o likewise_o he_o who_o buy_v win_v or_o take_v they_o in_o pawn_n twelve_o against_o false_a muster_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o man_n horse_n arm_n muster_n against_o false_a muster_n saddle_n or_o other_o furniture_n by_o these_o article_n not_o only_o those_o who_o make_v the_o false_a muster_n but_o all_o those_o who_o help_v to_o make_v it_o be_v punishable_a thirteen_o against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o pay_n of_o either_o horseman_n or_o pay_n against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o prince_n pay_n foot-soldier_n any_o officer_n guilty_a of_o this_o deserve_v to_o die_v neither_o if_o a_o officer_n have_v lend_v money_n to_o a_o soldier_n may_v he_o pay_v himself_o or_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o he_o please_v but_o must_v give_v he_o as_o much_o of_o his_o pay_n as_o can_v entertain_v he_o to_o do_v his_o master_n service_n fourteen_o against_o those_o officer_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v except_o the_o general_n pass_n against_o those_o who_o give_v pass_n who_o give_v pass_n the_o swedish_n article_n order_n a_o colonel_n who_o presume_v to_o give_v a_o pass_n to_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o to_o lose_v his_o charge_n if_o he_o permit_v any_o under_o his_o command_n to_o go_v home_o without_o the_o feltmarshals_a knowledge_n other_o abominable_a crime_n such_o as_o adultery_n incest_n sodomy_n beastiality_n crime_n great_a crime_n parricide_n be_v examine_v try_a and_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o army_n and_o many_o small_a fault_n smaller_n fault_n fault_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o cognizance_n discretion_n and_o arbitrement_n of_o a_o court_n of_o war._n a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o a_o court_n of_o war_n be_v common_o by_o ordinary_a war._n a_o council_n of_o war._n soldier_n confound_v as_o if_o they_o be_v one_o thing_n whereas_o they_o be_v very_o different_a the_o first_o be_v compose_v of_o those_o person_n who_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n call_v to_o consult_v with_o concern_v the_o manage_n the_o war_n and_o these_o be_v indeed_o but_o counsellor_n and_o have_v in_o most_o army_n their_o precedent_n who_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o do_v but_o advise_v for_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o captain-general_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n and_o retain_v a_o power_n to_o themselves_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v a_o court_n of_o war_n consist_v of_o
those_o officer_n who_o be_v call_v together_o to_o be_v a_o jury_n in_o the_o examine_n processing_n and_o sentence_v delinquent_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a a_o general_n or_o high_a court_n of_o war_n and_o a_o regiment_n or_o a_o low_a court_n of_o war._n the_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n court_n of_o war_n cognizance_n be_v war._n a_o general_n court_n of_o war._n matter_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n injury_n and_o affront_n do_v or_o offer_v to_o the_o person_n or_o honour_n of_o their_o general_n difference_n between_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o between_z officer_n of_o one_o regiment_n or_o between_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o one_o regiment_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o a_o general_n court_n of_o war_n belong_v all_o civil_a affair_n and_o business_n though_o they_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o low_a court_n for_o in_o it_o case_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o it_o these_o case_n appeal_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o high_a court_n neither_o can_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o low_a court_n be_v execute_v till_o the_o process_n be_v full_o hear_v in_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o party_n concern_v have_v appeal_v to_o it_o when_o the_o business_n concern_v the_o prince_n or_o state_n or_o that_o any_o general_a person_n or_o colonel_n be_v criminal_o accuse_v the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n be_v oblige_v to_o preside_v himself_o but_o in_o those_o other_o case_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v it_o the_o precedent_n of_o it_o he_o may_v appoint_v a_o lieutenant-general_n or_o a_o major-general_n to_o preside_v i_o know_v the_o swede_n give_v the_o presidency_n in_o general_n court_v of_o war_n constant_o to_o the_o auditor-general_n or_o judg-marshal_n in_o the_o general_n or_o feltmarshal_n absence_n but_o true_o i_o think_v this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o some_o derogation_n to_o those_o general_a officer_n who_o assist_v for_o though_o upon_o the_o matter_n the_o auditor-general_n order_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o martial_a court_n yet_o in_o point_n of_o honour_n he_o shall_v not_o preside_v in_o a_o high_a court_n of_o war_n no_o more_o than_o a_o regiment-auditor_n in_o the_o discipline_n of_o these_o same_o swede_n preside_v in_o a_o low_a court._n the_o assessor_n shall_v be_v twelve_o in_o number_n at_o least_o for_o they_o assessor_n the_o assessor_n may_v be_v and_o ordinary_o be_v more_o beside_o the_o precedent_n and_o in_o some_o place_n fourteen_o beside_o the_o precedent_n these_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n the_o lieutenant-general_n and_o major-general_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o such_o colonel_n as_o the_o general_n or_o auditor-general_n think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v after_o they_o be_v convene_v they_o take_v their_o place_n thus_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o table_n the_o precedent_n sit_v alone_o upon_o his_o right_a hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n upon_o the_o precedent_n leave_v hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n precedency_n their_o precedency_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o in_o that_o same_o order_n the_o major-general_n and_o next_o they_o the_o general_n commissary_n and_o general_a quartermaster_n next_o they_o all_o the_o colonel_n who_o be_v call_v there_o take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o time_n they_o have_v serve_v as_o colonel_n in_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o table_n which_o be_v that_o on_o the_o precedent_n right_a hand_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o other_o after_o they_o have_v all_o take_v their_o seat_n they_o rise_v again_o and_o hear_v a_o oath_n read_v wherein_o they_o swear_v with_o hand_n up_o to_o be_v free_a oath_n their_o oath_n from_o all_o malice_n envy_n hatred_n revenge_n fear_v and_o affection_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v judge_v righteous_o and_o impartial_o according_a to_o the_o law_n constitution_n and_o article_n of_o war_n and_o their_o own_o best_a judgement_n and_o conscience_n so_o help_v they_o god_n in_o the_o great_a day_n the_o provost-marshal_n general_n be_v to_o be_v the_o accuser_n accuser_n the_o accuser_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o prince_n prolocutor-fiscal_a and_o to_o he_o belong_v also_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n the_o low_a court_n of_o war_n be_v that_o which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o several_a regiment_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n which_o the_o colonel_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n may_v call_v when_o ever_o they_o think_v the_o necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n war._n a_o regiment_n court_n of_o war._n require_v it_o a_o regiment_n court-marshal_n may_v judge_n and_o determine_v in_o all_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a and_o of_o all_o person_n except_o the_o three_o field-officer_n within_o that_o regiment_n the_o colonel_n preside_v in_o his_o absence_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n precedent_n the_o precedent_n and_o in_o his_o the_o major_n or_o if_o none_o of_o these_o be_v present_a the_o old_a captain_n but_o the_o regiment-auditor_n never_o nay_o not_o in_o the_o swedish_n army_n in_o the_o regiment_n of_o horse_n the_o colonel_n assessor_n be_v his_o lieutenant-colonel_n assessor_n his_o assessor_n and_o major_a three_o rit-master_n as_o many_o lieutenant_n as_o many_o cornet_n and_o as_o many_o corporal_n or_o more_o if_o the_o colonel_n please_v in_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n two_o captain_n two_o lieutenant_n two_o ensign_n two_o sergeant_n two_o furer_n and_o two_o fourier_n where_o such_o officer_n be_v allow_v where_o not_o more_o of_o the_o sergeant_n and_o two_o corporal_n they_o may_v be_v in_o all_o more_o than_o thirteen_o number_n their_o number_n but_o few_o they_o may_v not_o be_v the_o regiment_n provost-marshal_n present_v the_o accuse_a party_n with_o a_o guard_n to_o the_o court_n of_o war_n after_o the_o member_n have_v swear_v as_o the_o general_n court_n of_o wat_n use_v to_o do_v and_o formal_o deliver_v accuser_n the_o accuser_n his_o accusation_n from_o this_o court_n there_o may_v be_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o appellation_n general_n the_o sentence_n to_o be_v approve_v by_o the_o general_n in_o civil_a affair_n but_o not_o in_o criminal_n yet_o no_o sentence_n of_o death_n pass_v by_o a_o low_a court_n of_o war_n can_v be_v execute_v till_o the_o general_n approve_v of_o it_o and_o sometime_o he_o remit_v the_o examination_n of_o it_o to_o a_o superior_a court_n especial_o when_o he_o have_v ground_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o regiment-court_n have_v past_a either_o too_o rigorous_a or_o too_o mild_a and_o favourable_a a_o sentence_n and_o this_o superior_a court_n call_v in_o such_o case_n be_v common_o call_v a_o court_n of_o error_n because_o it_o cognosce_v error_n court_n of_o error_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o inferior_a one_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n still_o retain_v power_n to_o moderate_v and_o mitigate_v the_o sentence_n of_o either_o of_o the_o court_n or_o gracious_o to_o remit_v and_o pardon_v the_o offence_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n their_o general_n may_v do_v the_o like_a except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o les_fw-fr majesty_n but_o after_o the_o sentence_n of_o either_o the_o one_o court_n or_o the_o other_o be_v prohounce_v no_o man_n that_o bear_v charge_n or_o office_n in_o the_o army_n be_v permit_v to_o speak_v for_o pardon_n or_o mitigation_n unless_o it_o be_v ensign_n to_o who_o something_o of_o that_o nature_n by_o custom_n be_v indulge_v and_o in_o some_o place_n officer_n who_o transgress_v in_o this_o point_n be_v punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o place_n and_o such_o as_o have_v do_v so_o may_v be_v sure_a none_o will_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o plead_v for_o their_o restoration_n these_o law_n ordinance_n and_o court_n of_o war_n the_o sentence_n of_o these_o court_n and_o execution_n of_o these_o sentence_n make_v up_o that_o part_n of_o a_o militia_n which_o ordinary_o war._n discipline_n of_o war._n be_v call_v the_o discipline_n of_o war_n for_o the_o right_a order_n and_o regulate_v whereof_o a_o auditor-general_n inferior_a auditor_n a_o marshal-general_n inferior_a provost_n marshal_n and_o their_o lieutenant_n with_o executioner_n or_o hangman_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a member_n in_o all_o army_n the_o auditor-general_n be_v he_o who_o we_o call_v judge_n marshal_n and_o who_o some_o marshal_n judge_n marshal_n call_v judg-advocate_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o grave_n and_o judicious_a person_n
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man_n to_o stand_v perpetual_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o these_o he_o call_v and_o i_o think_v very_o deserve_o the_o sinew_n and_o nerve_n of_o france_n next_o they_o will_v object_v that_o the_o mamaluk_n keep_v their_o empire_n in_o egypt_n and_o syria_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n with_o horse_n and_o without_o foot_n this_o be_v a_o horrible_a mistake_n for_o their_o town_n and_o fort_n be_v take_v by_o foot_n and_o defend_v by_o foot_n without_o horse_n they_o also_o lose_v their_o empire_n by_o put_v too_o much_o trust_v in_o their_o horse_n for_o the_o great_a turk_n selim_n with_o his_o foot_n and_o cannon_n beat_v and_o kill_v campson_n gaurus_n in_o the_o field_n and_o tomomby_n at_o cairo_n and_o so_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o tyrannical_a monarchy_n three_o they_o will_v instance_n the_o persian_a who_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n without_o foot_n only_o with_o cavalry_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o their_o town_n be_v defend_v with_o foot_n and_o ishmael_n in_o the_o calderan_fw-ge plain_n pay_v dear_a for_o trust_v so_o much_o to_o his_o horse_n when_o he_o be_v chase_v away_o by_o selines_n foot_n and_o artillery_n since_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n have_v endeavour_v but_o without_o success_n to_o get_v european_a officer_n to_o train_v their_o foot_n and_o order_v their_o artillery_n for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v as_o soon_o dream_n that_o the_o persian_a squadron_n of_o horse_n put_v themselves_o in_o enchant_a castle_n as_o that_o they_o defend_v their_o town_n against_o sieges_n and_o assault_n of_o the_o turk_n with_o horse_n and_o no_o foot_n and_o i_o can_v as_o soon_o fancy_n that_o the_o sophi_n ride_v with_o forty_o thousand_o persian_n all_o on_o horseback_n over_o the_o wall_n of_o babylon_n as_o that_o he_o take_v it_o back_o from_o the_o turk_n without_o a_o infantry_n the_o hungarian_n will_v come_v next_o in_o play_n but_o they_o never_o manage_v any_o of_o their_o war_n without_o foot_n 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great_a trust_n they_o repose_v in_o a_o numerous_a and_o valiant_a cavalry_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o pole_n be_v save_v almost_o by_o a_o miracle_n for_o assure_o prince_n vladislaus_n will_v not_o have_v defend_v his_o father_n kingdom_n though_o he_o have_v eighty_o thousand_o horse_n and_o some_o thousand_o of_o foot_n with_o he_o against_o sultan_n osman_n who_o invade_v it_o with_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o turk_n the_o great_a body_n and_o strength_n whereof_o consist_v in_o the_o janissary_n who_o mutiny_v against_o the_o grand_a signior_n force_v he_o back_o to_o constantinople_n but_o what_o a_o risk_a do_v pole_n run_v late_o in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o 1656_o and_o 1657_o where_o charles_n gustavus_n overcome_v that_o kingdom_n with_o a_o army_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n most_o of_o they_o foot_n and_o observe_v what_o a_o well_o train_v and_o order_v infantry_n can_v do_v anno_fw-la 1656_o when_o the_o rebellious_a polonian_n have_v 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for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a queen_n and_o city_n of_o buda_n and_o that_o soliman_n himself_o by_o speedy_a march_n be_v hasten_v thither_o can_v not_o be_v move_v or_o persuade_v by_o any_o entreaty_n or_o remonstrance_n of_o the_o principal_a commander_n of_o his_o army_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n vow_v and_o protest_v that_o he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v do_v it_o without_o a_o express_a warrant_n from_o his_o master_n king_n ferdinand_n but_o before_o that_o can_v come_v he_o and_o his_o misfortunate_a army_n be_v both_o irrecoverable_o ruin_v the_o sad_a history_n of_o all_o these_o three_o army_n you_o may_v read_v at_o length_n in_o paolo_n giovio_n be_v please_v to_o take_v another_o instance_n of_o a_o late_a date_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v the_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n with_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a army_n his_o horseman_n and_o his_o soldier_n be_v almost_o naked_a and_o all_o beat_a compare_v action_n 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so_o do_v david_n and_o most_o of_o all_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o david_n make_v joab_n his_o captain_n general_n i_o give_v two_o answer_n first_o joab_n authority_n cease_v when_o david_n be_v present_a which_o he_o be_v almost_o constant_o with_o his_o force_n answer_v the_o objection_n of_o joab_n answer_v till_o he_o be_v establish_v king_n of_o israel_n for_o joab_n employment_n where_o he_o command_v in_o chief_a if_o i_o have_v observe_v right_a be_v first_o against_o the_o rebel_n absalon_n and_o this_o be_v a_o civil_a war_n and_o then_o against_o the_o ammonite_n and_o that_o be_v a_o foreign_a war_n both_o these_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o sudden_a emergency_n in_o the_o last_o the_o king_n presence_n till_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o in_o the_o first_o not_o at_o all_o convenient_a but_o second_o i_o answer_v that_o david_n do_v often_o repent_v he_o of_o the_o large_a 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action_n against_o rehoboam_n declare_v afterward_o that_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o rebel_n be_v within_o his_o breast_n whatever_o his_o exterior_a deportment_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o peaceable_a king_n but_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o sovereign_a prince_n shall_v conduct_v their_o army_n first_o objection_n against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v first_o in_o person_n it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o a_o infant_n king_n can_v manage_v a_o war_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o then_o the_o prince_n near_o in_o blood_n shall_v do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o he_o shall_v govern_v in_o civil_a affair_n and_o if_o it_o be_v say_v he_o may_v usurp_v i_o answer_v better_a he_o do_v so_o than_o a_o fellow_n subject_n who_o may_v play_v the_o like_a prank_n if_o he_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o like_a power_n but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o many_o infant_n king_n have_v be_v carry_v answer_v answer_v about_o with_o their_o army_n to_o encourage_v they_o so_o great_a a_o influence_n 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of_o portugal_n cause_v himself_o to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o litter_n whereby_o he_o gain_v the_o victory_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n in_o the_o field_n but_o i_o say_v such_o a_o king_n answer_v answer_v may_v intrust_v as_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v able_a and_o capable_a to_o lead_v army_n but_o he_o shall_v put_v the_o manage_n the_o great_a bulk_n of_o the_o war_n principal_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o command_v over_o all_o and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o of_o age_n fit_a for_o it_o than_o that_o great_a trust_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o next_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n who_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o when_o the_o imperial_a and_o spanish_a force_n invade_v france_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o the_o french_a king_n make_v his_o brother_n gaston_n generalissimo_n who_o chase_v the_o enemy_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o have_v suffer_v many_o loss_n at_o last_o 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fit_a captain_n general_n than_o he_o who_o be_v near_a in_o blood_n to_o herself_o for_o he_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o represent_v the_o sovereign_a power_n who_o be_v next_o to_o it_o i_o confess_v queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n do_v not_o so_o and_o yet_o be_v fortunate_a in_o all_o her_o war_n answer_v answer_v she_o have_v very_o gallant_a and_o loyal_a subject_n neither_o be_v it_o in_o her_o power_n to_o make_v that_o choice_n i_o speak_v of_o because_o he_o who_o be_v next_o to_o she_o in_o blood_n be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o another_o kingdom_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n manage_v her_o german_a war_n fortunate_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o several_a brave_a captain_n who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n i_o shall_v answer_v it_o be_v true_a yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o aver_v that_o all_o of_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o in_o sixteen_o year_n time_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gustavus_n as_o he_o do_v alone_o in_o the_o 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of_o orange_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o neither_o need_v they_o ever_o fear_v the_o usurpation_n of_o any_o of_o they_o for_o though_o their_o power_n be_v almost_o unlimited_a yet_o it_o can_v not_o tempt_v those_o prince_n who_o be_v so_o eminent_a for_o virtue_n to_o who_o goodness_n magnanimity_n justice_n and_o fortunate_a conduct_n these_o estate_n under_o god_n owe_v their_o freedom_n yet_o be_v they_o jealous_a of_o the_o late_a prince_n but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v now_o desirous_a to_o witness_v their_o gratitude_n to_o that_o illustrious_a family_n by_o make_v this_o present_a prince_n their_o captain_n general_n how_o remediless_a this_o inward_a disease_n be_v in_o all_o free_a state_n that_o they_o must_v intrust_v lacedaemon_n free_a state_n usurp_v by_o their_o captain_n general_n lacedaemon_n their_o militia_n to_o one_o or_o two_o person_n the_o ruin_n of_o some_o commonwealth_n make_v it_o manifest_a lacedaemon_n several_a time_n be_v like_a to_o lose_v 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henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o
horse_n make_v the_o rearguard_n behind_o which_o at_o a_o mile_n distance_n follow_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o command_v horse_n the_o baggage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n or_o body_n may_v be_v divide_v easy_o into_o several_a body_n if_o the_o general_n apprehend_v danger_n in_o they_o both_o it_o may_v march_v immediate_o after_o the_o train_n this_o great_a body_n may_v be_v very_o soon_o divide_v into_o either_o two_o or_o three_o several_a one_o and_o may_v march_v as_o many_o several_a way_n as_o the_o general_n please_v but_o true_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a commander_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o be_v divide_v unless_o the_o army_n itself_o divide_v if_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o van_n let_v it_o all_o stay_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o rear_n post_v away_o all_o the_o baggage_n to_o march_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n in_o a_o march_n the_o van_fw-mi if_o in_o both_o necessity_n will_v force_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n but_o my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v that_o without_o apparent_a danger_n it_o shall_v constant_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o disadvantage_n be_v but_o small_a that_o the_o brigade_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o van_n have_v and_o withal_o they_o have_v but_o their_o turn_n of_o it_o that_o they_o must_v wait_v very_o long_o at_o night_n till_o their_o baggage_n come_v from_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v but_o small_a i_o say_v if_o you_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o great_a prejudice_n the_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n suffer_v by_o have_v the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n which_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n benight_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o baggage_n that_o be_v order_v to_o march_v before_o they_o two_o three_o sometime_o five_o hour_n whereas_o if_o that_o baggage_n have_v not_o be_v in_o their_o way_n they_o may_v have_v reach_v their_o quarter_n seasonable_o enough_o but_o there_o be_v a_o worse_a thing_n in_o it_o than_o that_o when_o upon_o the_o unexpected_a appearance_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o van_n the_o brigade_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rearguard_n be_v sudden_o call_v up_o they_o be_v not_o able_a â—â—_o advance_v for_o the_o unavoidable_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n that_o be_v before_o they_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o middle_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o infantry_n a_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o great_a gun_n and_o train_n and_o the_o general_n secretary_n and_o cabinet_n with_o his_o paper_n and_o for_o most_o of_o he_o and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n coach_n especial_o if_o their_o lady_n be_v in_o they_o and_o there_o i_o think_v these_o shall_v constant_o march_v but_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o all_o other_o baggage_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n according_a to_o that_o priority_n or_o precedency_n the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n have_v themselves_o in_o the_o march_n and_o these_o shall_v change_v every_o day_n that_o who_o be_v in_o the_o van_n one_o day_n may_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o next_o that_o all_o may_v participate_v equal_o of_o the_o ease_n or_o toil_n of_o a_o march_n be_v where_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_v shall_v be_v what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o place_n where_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o of_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a soldier_n who_o if_o they_o can_v be_v put_v in_o some_o secure_a or_o fortify_v place_n shall_v be_v bring_v forward_o though_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o owner_n for_o that_o use_n and_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v send_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o may_v be_v with_o a_o good_a guard_n or_o convoy_n when_o ground_n will_v permit_v the_o brigade_n of_o a_o army_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o march_v in_o one_o breast_n or_o front_n there_o be_v a_o question_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n shall_v be_v keep_v between_o these_o brigade_n there_o be_v some_o who_o theoretical_o argue_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o two_o brigade_n both_o march_v in_o breast_n but_o the_o one_o behind_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n draw_v fight_v distance_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v up_o in_o front_n do_v possess_v because_o say_v they_o when_o one_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o a_o large_a field_n where_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o brigade_n which_o follow_v can_v draw_v up_o in_o full_a breast_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o unless_o there_o be_v such_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o on_o their_o march_n as_o that_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o nor_o can_v the_o three_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o unless_o it_o have_v that_o same_o distance_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v when_o a_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o battel-order_n that_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o brigades_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o so_o the_o second_o will_v have_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o marshal_v itself_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o but_o that_o can_v make_v i_o allow_v so_o much_o ground_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n as_o i_o willing_o do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o the_o reason_n produce_v against_o it_o i_o say_v to_o think_v that_o a_o brigade_n all_o in_o one_o breast_n and_o march_v direct_o behind_o another_o though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n can_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n on_o the_o left_a examine_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n examine_v hand_n of_o another_o without_o some_o turn_n or_o wheel_v be_v a_o mere_a speculation_n and_o i_o say_v more_o let_v a_o brigade_n march_v in_o three_o squad_n at_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o you_o will_v the_o second_o shall_v not_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o without_o some_o wheel_a and_o if_o a_o small_a body_n can_v do_v it_o much_o less_o can_v a_o great_a and_o practice_n will_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v it_o and_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o march_n of_o brigade_n in_o the_o field_n as_o i_o have_v do_v often_o than_o once_o this_o opinion_n than_o vanish_v unless_o they_o who_o follow_v it_o bring_v a_o better_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n what_o a_o inconvenience_n and_o that_o no_o small_a one_o the_o observe_v this_o rule_n will_v bring_v along_o with_o it_o in_o a_o march_n i_o speak_v still_o when_o brigade_n march_v all_o in_o one_o front_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o that_o rate_n there_o shall_v be_v such_o avast_o distance_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o last_o brigade_n shall_v not_o get_v up_o though_o it_o run_v which_o it_o shall_v not_o do_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v marshal_v but_o in_o a_o very_a long_a time_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v with_o i_o make_v this_o computation_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o this_o chapter_n to_o be_v in_o our_o army_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o strong_a than_o 1800_o man_n and_o therefore_o each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v 300_o in_o front_n allow_v four_o foot_n to_o every_o leader_n these_o 300_o leader_n possess_v in_o rank_n 1200_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o by_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o combat_v must_v be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n march_v one_o after_o another_o in_o breast_n now_o in_o eight_o brigade_n there_o be_v seven_o interval_n seven_o time_n 1200_o foot_n make_v 8400_o every_o one_o of_o the_o brigade_n possess_v in_o deepness_n 36_o foot_n multiply_v 36_o by_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 288._o add_v 288_o to_o 8400_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8688_o foot_n so_o much_o distance_n there_o be_v from_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o brigade_n of_o foot_n to_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n each_o whereof_o shall_v consist_v inconvenient_a and_o find_v inconvenient_a of_o no_o more_o than_o 600_o be_v three_o deep_a each_o brigade_n have_v 200_o in_o front_n allow_v but_o three_o foot_n for_o every_o rider_n the_o front_n of_o each_o brigade_n possess_v 600_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o
the_o proviant_a itself_o be_v instant_o give_v out_o and_o distribute_v to_o the_o army_n as_o to_o the_o wagon_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o all_o of_o they_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o general_a officer_n and_o the_o train_n may_v get_v room_n enough_o at_o the_o several_a quarter_n and_o so_o may_v most_o of_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o wagon_n for_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n and_o 600_o wagon_n upon_o all_o adventure_n the_o quartermaster_n general_n shall_v appoint_v a_o place_n for_o 600_o wagon_n and_o the_o wagon_n master_n general_n and_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o for_o this_o use_n he_o shall_v allow_v no_o less_o ground_n than_o 300_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o 512_o in_o breadth_n for_o the_o 600_o wagon_n and_o 300_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o ten_o in_o breadth_n for_o the_o wagon_n master_n and_o all_o his_o officer_n this_o last_o quarter_n make_v 3000_o foot_n more_o than_o one_o half_a of_o a_o italian_a mile_n to_o understand_v the_o quarter_n allow_v for_o 600_o wagon_n observe_v first_o that_o we_o allow_v no_o more_o horse_n for_o every_o wagon_n than_o two_o with_o a_o waggoner_n and_o a_o boy_n second_o every_o wagon_n must_v have_v 12_o foot_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o in_o length_n and_o six_o in_o breadth_n and_o every_o horse_n four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o eight_o in_o length_n for_o i_o will_v not_o allow_v so_o much_o length_n for_o a_o baggage-horse_n as_o for_o a_o horse_n for_o service_n which_o be_v ordinary_o reckon_v ten_o three_o observe_v that_o both_o the_o wagon_n and_o waggâ—n_a horse_n stand_v in_o their_o length_n by_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o in_o their_o breadth_n by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o camp_n as_o all_o horse_n in_o castrametation_n do_v and_o so_o do_v the_o hut_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o foot-soldier_n as_o you_o will_v see_v anon_o these_o ground_n be_v lay_v down_o fifty_o wagon_n may_v stand_v by_o their_o breadth_n in_o 300_o foot_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a camp_n six_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o breadth_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o over_o against_o they_o fifty_o wagon_n more_o all_o in_o one_o row_n likewise_o so_o a_o hundred_o wagon_n be_v quarter_v for_o their_o breadth_n which_o be_v the_o camp_n length_n for_o the_o length_n every_o wagon_n have_v twelve_o foot_n so_o the_o two_o row_n have_v 24_o foot_n and_o between_o they_o a_o street_n of_o twelve_o foot_n and_o behind_o one_o of_o they_o another_o empty_a place_n of_o twelve_o foot_n for_o fodder_n and_o the_o wagon_n man_n to_o lie_v though_o these_o ordinary_o lie_n either_o in_o or_o under_o the_o wagon_n these_o two_o street_n have_v allowance_n of_o 24_o foot_n and_o the_o two_o row_n of_o wagon_n 24_o foot_n likewise_o the_o quarter_n appoint_v for_o a_o 100_o wagon_n take_v up_o 48_o foot_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o camp_n multiply_v 48_o by_o 6_o because_o you_o have_v 600_o wagon_n the_o product_n will_v be_v 288_o this_o ground_n 600_o wagon_n must_v have_v for_o their_o breadth_n for_o their_o length_n be_v the_o same_o with_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o camp_n that_o be_v 300_o foot_n we_o have_v now_o 1200_o waggon-horse_n waggon-horse_n for_o 1200_o waggon-horse_n to_o quarter_n and_o that_o must_v be_v beside_o the_o wagon_n you_o know_v we_o allow_v four_o foot_n for_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o therefore_o in_o 300_o foot_n you_o may_v quarter_v 75_o horse_n for_o 4_o time_n 75_o make_v 300._o over_o against_o these_o 75_o more_o in_o one_o row_n these_o make_v 150._o behind_o the_o one_o of_o the_o two_o row_n a_o empty_a place_n for_o fodder_n 6_o foot_n broad_a between_o the_o two_o row_n a_o street_n 6_o foot_n broad_a the_o two_o street_n have_v 12_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o the_o two_o row_n of_o horse_n have_v 16_o that_o be_v 8_o foot_n for_o every_o row_n and_o you_o remember_v 8_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o length_n of_o a_o baggage-horse_n 12_o being_n add_v to_o 16_o make_v 28_o so_o many_o foot_n do_v two_o row_n of_o horse_n with_o two_o street_n take_v up_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o in_o these_o two_o row_n be_v contain_v 150_o waggon-horse_n who_o whole_a number_n be_v 1200_o 8_o time_n 150._o multiply_v then_o 28_o by_o 8_o the_o product_n be_v 224_o foot_n and_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v these_o 1200_o waggon-horse_n take_v up_o of_o the_o breadth_n be_v please_v to_o add_v these_o 224_o foot_n to_o the_o 288_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o wagon_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 512_o which_o we_o allow_v for_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o quarter_n measure_v out_o to_o 600_o wagon_n and_o 1200_o waggon-horse_n the_o length_n allow_v be_v the_o same_o of_o all_o other_o quarter_n 300_o foot_n multiply_v 512_o by_o 300_o the_o product_n be_v 153600_o some_o more_o than_o thirty_o italian_a mile_n and_o one_o half_a in_o the_o superficial_a measure_n 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observe_v second_o that_o ten_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o length_n of_o a_o horse_n and_o four_o for_o his_o breadth_n observe_v three_o that_o we_o allow_v to_o every_o rider_n ten_o foot_n for_o the_o breadth_n and_o four_o for_o the_o length_n of_o his_o hut_n but_o i_o hope_v the_o horseman_n will_v not_o be_v so_o capricious_a as_o to_o think_v his_o horse_n and_o he_o be_v lay_v in_o equal_a balance_n because_o they_o have_v a_o like_a proportion_n of_o ground_n allow_v they_o for_o if_o i_o can_v make_v a_o difference_n i_o shall_v immediate_o make_v a_o distance_n by_o put_v a_o street_n five_o foot_n broad_a between_o he_o and_o his_o horse_n and_o that_o shall_v be_v for_o his_o horse_n fodder_n a_o troop_n then_o of_o a_o 100_o horse_n be_v quarter_v in_o two_o several_a row_n 50_o in_o a_o row_n side_n for_o side_n which_o fifty_o horse_n take_v up_o for_o their_o breadth_n and_o of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o quarter_n 200_o foot_n to_o wit_n four_o for_o every_o 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so_o the_o length_n of_o a_o quarter_n for_o a_o 100_o horse_n be_v 300_o and_o the_o breadth_n 70_o multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 2100_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o superficial_a measure_n of_o that_o quarter_n but_o observe_v that_o the_o ritmaster_n quarter_a in_o the_o front_n take_v up_o with_o his_o hut_n all_o the_o 70_o foot_n the_o lieutenant_n and_o cornet_n behind_o he_o share_v that_o breadth_n between_o they_o and_o accommodate_n likewise_o the_o quartermaster_n and_o he_o who_o assist_v the_o cornet_n to_o carry_v the_o standard_n who_o the_o german_n call_v san_n junckher_o the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o standard_n or_o colour_n have_v lodge_v one_o troop_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o quarter_v a_o regiment_n and_o consequent_o a_o whole_a cavalry_n i_o tell_v you_o our_o regiment_n of_o horse_n shall_v consist_v of_o 8_o troop_n and_o every_o troop_n of_o 100_o horseman_n if_o one_o troop_v then_o require_v 70_o foot_n in_o breadth_n 8_o 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the_o latitudeâ—_n latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a quarter_n 160_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 790_o for_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o horse_n of_o 8_o troop_n the_o length_n 300._o if_o you_o will_v know_v the_o superficial_a measure_n of_o this_o quarter_n for_o a_o regiment_n of_o 8_o troop_n â—â—_o horse_n multiply_v 790_o by_o 300_o and_o if_o i_o have_v operate_v right_a the_o product_n be_v 237000_o foot_n 47_o mile_n and_o near_o one_o half_a the_o castrametator_fw-la have_v now_o leisure_n to_o measure_v out_o ground_n to_o the_o infantry_n and_o he_o find_v the_o same_o difficulty_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o cavalry_n that_o be_v the_o inequality_n of_o the_o company_n in_o each_o regiment_n and_o the_o number_n of_o man_n in_o each_o company_n but_o have_v do_v his_o business_n on_o paper_n at_o home_n he_o will_v easy_o give_v to_o each_o infantry_n quarter_n for_o the_o infantry_n regiment_n quartermaster_n his_o due_a proportion_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o field_n 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or_o front_n of_o the_o company_n and_o this_o be_v continue_v yet_o in_o many_o place_n but_o true_o since_o a_o lieutenant_n will_v needs_o be_v the_o second_o officer_n of_o the_o company_n i_o think_v he_o shall_v quarter_v as_o he_o march_v and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n henry_n of_o nassau_n prince_n of_o orange_n alter_v the_o custom_n and_o order_v they_o all_o three_o to_o pitch_v their_o tent_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o company_n at_o least_o the_o captain_n for_o two_o reason_n that_o the_o soldier_n may_v more_o ready_o get_v to_o their_o place_n of_o arm_n and_o not_o be_v hinder_v with_o the_o hut_v or_o cord_n of_o their_o officer_n tent_n and_o next_o that_o by_o their_o presence_n in_o the_o rear_n debate_n and_o brawl_n betwixt_o soldier_n and_o sutler_n shall_v either_o be_v prevent_v or_o quick_o void_v but_o let_v we_o in_o this_o place_n follow_v the_o old_a way_n which_o may_v soon_o be_v alter_v according_a to_o emergent_n or_o the_o general_n pleasure_n and_o quarter_v our_o foot_n company_n in_o the_o field_n thus_o the_o captain_n be_v in_o the_o front_n shall_v have_v for_o his_o tent_n 40_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o 24_o in_o breadth_n and_o observe_v that_o 24_o foot_n be_v all_o the_o breadth_n that_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o whole_a company_n behind_o the_o captain_n lodging_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o lieutenant_n have_v 10_o foot_n of_o length_n and_o 8_o in_o breadth_n allow_v he_o for_o his_o quarter_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o ensign_n have_v as_o much_o observe_v that_o behind_o the_o captain_n tent_n gin_v a_o street_n which_o run_v to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a company_n and_o divide_v the_o lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n quarter_n and_o the_o two_o row_n of_o hut_n man_n for_o a_o company_n of_o 100_o man_n equal_o and_o this_o street_n be_v 8_o foot_n broad_a this_o street_n be_v a_o direct_a one_o and_o go_v the_o length_n of_o the_o quarter_n but_o there_o be_v another_o which_o be_v a_o traverse_n street_n and_o go_v through_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o company_n and_o it_o be_v 10_o foot_n broad_a it_o begin_v behind_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n hut_n and_o traverse_v the_o whole_a breadth_n of_o the_o regiment_n when_o the_o company_n be_v join_v together_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o hut_n of_o the_o company_n be_v 8_o foot_n broad_a except_o the_o captain_n and_o therefore_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v only_o speak_v of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o hut_n behind_o that_o traverse_n street_n of_o 10_o foot_n broad_a in_o a_o direct_a line_n under_o the_o lieutenant_n the_o old_a sergeant_n have_v his_o hut_n for_o which_o be_v allow_v 8_o foot_n in_o length_n below_o he_o the_o fourier_n have_v 6_o foot_n long_o below_o who_o the_o clerk_n have_v likewise_o 6_o foot_n and_o below_o the_o clerk_n the_o old_a drummer_n shall_v have_v 5_o foot_n in_o length_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v that_o these_o four_o sergeant_n fourier_n clerk_n and_o drummer_n have_v 25_o foot_n allow_v for_o their_o hut_n in_o length_n and_o 8_o for_o the_o breadth_n as_o all_o the_o soldier_n have_v behind_o the_o old_a drummer_n in_o that_o same_o row_n be_v 50_o hut_v for_o 50_o soldier_n for_o each_o whereof_o be_v allow_v three_o foot_n and_o one_o half_a multiply_v then_o 50_o hut_n allowance_n of_o ground_n for_o hut_n by_o 3â—_n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 175_o add_v 175_o to_o 25_o which_o the_o four_o officer_n have_v the_o aggregate_v be_v 200_o and_o so_o many_o foot_n of_o ground_n do_v the_o hut_v of_o that_o row_n beginning_n at_o the_o traverse_n street_n take_v up_o in_o length_n over_o against_o the_o old_a sergeant_n in_o a_o parallel_n line_n and_o direct_o under_o the_o ensign_n be_v the_o second_o sergeant_n lodge_v below_o he_o the_o
captain_n of_o arm_n under_o he_o the_o furer_n and_o below_o the_o furer_n the_o second_o tambour_n and_o under_o he_o the_o other_o fifty_o hut_v for_o the_o other_o fifty_o soldier_n all_o in_o one_o row_n all_o these_o have_v a_o proportion_n of_o ground_n allow_v equal_a to_o the_o first_o row_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o soldier_n hut_v there_o must_v be_v a_o street_n 20_o foot_n broad_a for_o wagon_n and_o cart_n to_o pass_v and_o repass_v and_o this_o street_n traverse_v the_o whole_a breadth_n of_o both_o company_n and_o regiment_n as_o the_o other_o of_o 10_o foot_n do_v at_o the_o van_n of_o the_o inferior_a officer_n hut_v next_o to_o this_o traverse_n street_n in_o the_o rear_n there_o be_v a_o place_n for_o wagon_n and_o sutler_n 10_o foot_n long_o and_o behind_o that_o there_o be_v another_o place_n 10_o foot_n long_o likewise_o for_o fire_n and_o dress_a meat_n for_o there_o must_v be_v no_o fire_n among_o the_o hut_v and_o both_o these_o place_n enjoy_v the_o full_a breadth_n of_o the_o company_n which_o be_v 24_o foot_n be_v please_v then_o to_o remember_v that_o 40_o foot_n in_o length_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o captain_n 10_o for_o the_o lieutenant_n 10_o for_o the_o first_o traverse_v street_n 200_o for_o the_o row_n of_o under_o officer_n and_o soldier_n hut_v 20_o for_o the_o second_o traverse_v street_n 10_o for_o sutler_n and_o 10_o for_o fire_n add_v these_o together_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 300_o which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o quarter_n remember_v also_o that_o 8_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o breadth_n of_o all_o officer_n and_o common_a soldier_n hut_v except_o the_o captain_n then_o two_o row_n of_o hut_v require_v 16_o foot_n in_o breadth_n between_o these_o row_n there_o must_v be_v a_o direct_a street_n run_v from_o the_o back_n of_o the_o captain_n tent_n to_o the_o rear_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o and_o it_o be_v 8_o foot_n broad_a add_v 8_o to_o 16_o make_v 24_o and_o so_o 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it_o be_v for_o that_o that_o he_o who_o command_v a_o victorious_a army_n shall_v not_o in_o sloth_n pass_v away_o his_o time_n but_o improve_v his_o victory_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o his_o master_n and_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o whereof_o one_o of_o the_o great_a captain_n among_o the_o ancient_n hannibal_n be_v tax_v that_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v victory_n whereof_o two_o other_o one_o before_o he_o and_o another_o after_o he_o can_v never_o be_v accuse_v and_o those_o be_v the_o great_a alexander_n and_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o retreat_n to_o retire_v after_o a_o battle_n or_o a_o brisk_a rencounter_n lead_v i_o to_o speak_v of_o retreat_n next_o the_o sight_v well_o and_o win_v of_o a_o battle_n the_o three_o great_a
have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o contrary_a but_o i_o ever_o say_v and_o still_o think_v that_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o a_o retreat_z be_v much_o more_o proper_a to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n the_o timely_a and_o orderly_o break_v up_o and_o retire_v of_o army_n from_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n have_v save_v many_o of_o they_o whereof_o it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o discourse_n of_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n and_o fortify_v place_n the_o manner_n of_o retreat_n whether_o they_o be_v make_v by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n use_v retreat_n the_o manner_n of_o a_o retreat_n to_o be_v this_o 1._o the_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n except_o some_o field-piece_n which_o shall_v stay_v in_o the_o rear_n with_o the_o general_n coach_n chancery_n and_o principal_a secretary_n be_v send_v away_o with_o a_o strong_a convoy_n of_o foot_n and_o some_o horse_n than_o all_o the_o sick_a and_o 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to_o the_o general_n in_o all_o retreat_n great_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v that_o none_o get_v leave_v to_o fall_v behind_o to_o prevent_v which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a officer_n of_o regiment_n shall_v do_v their_o duty_n but_o the_o general_a marshal_n shall_v severe_o execute_v their_o power_n against_o delinquent_n and_o here_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o shoot_v those_o who_o will_v not_o keep_v rank_a and_o file_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o some_o light_a field-piece_n shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o rear_n for_o there_o they_o may_v be_v serviceable_a and_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o great_a if_o they_o be_v take_v for_o if_o he_o who_o command_v the_o army_n see_v he_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n â—ace_n about_o and_o fight_v nor_o can_v retire_v in_o that_o order_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v hardly_o pursue_v by_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevalent_a enemy_n he_o shall_v rather_o bury_v or_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o 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a_o body_n it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v practise_v to_o disband_v the_o party_n he_o who_o lead_v it_o bid_v every_o man_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o to_o go_v what_o way_n he_o please_v or_o shall_v find_v most_o safe_a or_o convenient_a for_o he_o and_o to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o place_n as_o he_o then_o name_n so_o soon_o as_o possible_o they_o can_v that_o famous_a retreat_n which_o the_o two_o feltmarshal_n banier_n and_o leslie_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1637._o from_o turgaw_n in_o saxony_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v indeed_o a_o noble_a action_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v short_o this_o banier_n have_v besiege_v tâ—rgaw_n banier_n and_o leslie_n s_o retreat_n from_o tâ—rgaw_n leipsick_a which_o keep_v out_o gallant_o against_o he_o he_o make_v some_o breach_n and_o prepare_v to_o storm_v it_o in_o that_o very_a time_n come_v letter_n from_o leslie_n show_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o the_o river_n saal_n and_o march_v towards_o 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equilateral_a work_n of_o four_o side_n and_o four_o angle_n for_o most_o part_n equilateral_a each_o side_n 40_o 50_o or_o 60._o foot_n long_o and_o sometime_o but_o very_o seldom_o redouts_o be_v build_v of_o a_o oblong_a figure_n and_o then_o the_o long_a side_n may_v be_v of_o 120_o 100_o and_o the_o short_a one_o a_o oblong_a one_o 40_o 50_o or_o 60._o foot_n from_o that_o redout_n another_o approach_n run_v 5_o 6_o or_o 700._o foot_n long_o to_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o at_o the_o end_n thereof_o another_o redout_n or_o battery_n shall_v be_v make_v from_o whence_o begin_v the_o three_o run_v line_n to_o that_o hand_n that_o the_o first_o trench_n do_v run_v and_o so_o alternate_o till_o battery_n be_v make_v and_o the_o zap_n begin_v observe_v that_o the_o ground_n without_o on_o which_o the_o approach_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o general_n appointment_n into_o several_a post_n the_o approach_n whereof_o to_o the_o besiege_a 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which_o shall_v play_v lusty_o from_o the_o several_a battery_n and_o of_o the_o musketeer_n who_o shall_v incessant_o fire_v upon_o the_o flank_n and_o parapet_n of_o the_o bastion_n from_o both_o battery_n and_o redout_n the_o manner_n of_o sap_v be_v this_o against_o that_o part_n zappe_n the_o manner_n of_o a_o zappe_n of_o the_o bulwark_n which_o the_o besieger_n intend_v to_o undermine_v which_o ordinary_o be_v the_o capital_a point_n or_o that_o angle_n that_o couple_v the_o two_o face_n of_o the_o bastion_n one_o man_n kneel_v or_o bow_v digs_z three_o foot_n deep_a and_o three_o foot_n broad_a throw_v the_o earth_n both_o before_o and_o on_o both_o side_n of_o he_o and_o still_o advance_v another_o follow_v he_o close_o and_o make_v it_o three_o foot_n broad_a and_o deep_a if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o to_o he_o succeed_v the_o three_o who_o add_v three_o foot_n more_o to_o the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v walk_v cover_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o zapper_n be_v often_o relieve_v by_o turn_n the_o zap_n be_v continue_v till_o they_o have_v dig_v through_o the_o counterscarp_n which_o must_v be_v do_v though_o it_o be_v line_v with_o stone_n and_o mortar_n otherwise_o all_o their_o labour_n be_v lose_v when_o this_o be_v finish_v the_o besieger_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o two_o merciless_a enemy_n and_o element_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n the_o first_o from_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o fort_n the_o second_o from_o the_o ditch_n over_o which_o they_o must_v be_v before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n for_o do_v whereof_o all_o the_o earth_n and_o rubbish_n that_o have_v be_v cast_v out_o in_o zap_v must_v be_v cast_v in_o moat_n how_o to_o fill_v the_o moat_n the_o foss_n and_o with_o it_o a_o world_n of_o fascines_n which_o be_v bundle_n or_o knitchel_n of_o the_o twig_n and_o small_a branch_n of_o tree_n in_o every_o one_o whereof_o shall_v be_v sâ—oâ—es_n to_o make_v they_o sink_v they_o shall_v be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n long_o for_o this_o reason_n at_o sieges_n soldier_n when_o they_o be_v not_o on_o other_o duty_n be_v order_v to_o make_v many_o thousand_o of_o they_o there_o must_v likewise_o use_v be_v make_v of_o great_a log_n of_o timber_n great_a stone_n and_o sack_n full_a of_o sand_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o may_v be_v think_v fit_v to_o fill_v the_o ditch_n and_o this_o be_v continue_v without_o intermission_n your_o ordnance_n and_o musket_n fire_v incessant_o on_o the_o flank_n and_o parapet_n of_o the_o besiege_a till_o a_o dam_n be_v make_v to_o the_o place_n you_o will_v be_v at_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o angle_n of_o a_o bulwark_n i_o just_a now_o speak_v of_o because_o it_o have_v no_o other_o defence_n but_o from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o curtain_n which_o be_v call_v the_o second_o flank_n which_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o besieger_n shall_v make_v as_o useless_a as_o may_v be_v with_o cannon_n and_o culverin_n observe_v in_o pass_v since_o you_o be_v pass_v over_o the_o ditch_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o casemate_n as_o now_o they_o be_v not_o much_o use_v they_o must_v be_v destroy_v before_o the_o casemate_n casemate_n dam_n be_v begin_v upon_o this_o dam_n whiâ—h_o must_v run_v more_o to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o angle_n than_o the_o other_o that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v subject_a but_o to_o one_o flank_n a_o gallery_n gallery_n a_o gallery_n must_v be_v make_v the_o one_o side_n whereof_o which_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n must_v according_a to_o the_o damage_n it_o be_v to_o expect_v from_o the_o artillery_n be_v seven_o eight_o nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n thick_a of_o strong_a balk_n couple_v together_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o gallow_n cover_v above_o with_o board_n above_o which_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v earth_n three_o foot_n thick_a
the_o late_a duke_n of_o guise_n whereby_o he_o go_v fair_a to_o have_v disburden_a the_o king_n of_o spain_n head_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o naples_n immediate_o after_o the_o unexemplified_a rebellion_n of_o masanello_n but_o the_o duke_n entrust_v the_o several_a post_n of_o that_o great_a city_n of_o naples_n constant_o to_o the_o same_o officer_n encourage_v one_o of_o they_o to_o treat_v with_o the_o count_n d'ognati_fw-la and_o fall_v he_o that_o which_o be_v entrust_v to_o he_o when_o the_o duke_n be_v reduce_v a_o inconsiderable_a isle_n without_o the_o city_n this_o blast_v all_o his_o fair_a hope_n and_o short_o after_o lose_v he_o his_o liberty_n i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n that_o surprisal_n be_v the_o second_o and_o next_o to_o treachery_n the_o easy_a way_n to_o take_v fortify_v place_n i_o speak_v of_o several_a kind_n of_o surprisal_n of_o any_o of_o which_o if_o a_o governor_n get_v intelligence_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o render_v it_o 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for_o you_o be_v still_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o near_a the_o enemy_n draw_v to_o he_o the_o worse_a condition_n will_v be_v offer_v he_o six_o how_o soon_o he_o may_v expect_v a_o succourse_n after_o six_o six_o the_o siege_n be_v form_v that_o according_o he_o may_v take_v his_o measure_n and_o to_o save_v man_n and_o munition_n may_v protract_v and_o gain_v time_n by_o counterfeit_a parley_n parley_n counterfeit_n parley_n a_o thing_n excellent_o well_o practise_v by_o sir_n james_n ramsay_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o hanaw_n 1636_o and_o 37._o in_o seem_v to_o accept_v some_o offer_a condition_n but_o to_o require_v other_o which_o he_o know_v will_v not_o be_v grant_v but_o he_o must_v still_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o treat_v in_o earnest_n till_o some_o day_n after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o promise_a relief_n agree_v on_o in_o the_o private_a capitulation_n between_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n and_o the_o governor_n seven_o if_o the_o promise_a succourse_n come_v not_o at_o the_o seven_o seven_o appoint_a time_n as_o be_v hinder_v by_o those_o insurmountable_a difficulty_n which_o can_v not_o be_v foresee_v whether_o then_o the_o governor_n may_v not_o accept_v of_o article_n and_o by_o give_v over_o the_o fort_n save_v his_o master_n artillery_n arm_n ammunition_n and_o victual_n and_o if_o this_o can_v be_v grant_v he_o whether_o he_o may_v not_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o these_o or_o all_o of_o these_o save_o the_o life_n of_o his_o garrison_n by_o the_o best_a accord_n he_o can_v make_v and_o last_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n shall_v exact_o eighth_n eighth_n condescend_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o governor_n what_o dumb_a intelligence_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o sign_n by_o either_o party_n that_o both_o may_v understand_v how_o all_o these_o forego_v transaction_n will_v be_v or_o will_v not_o be_v perform_v and_o what_o token_n shall_v be_v give_v in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o what_o in_o the_o night_n as_o suppose_v so_o many_o shot_n of_o great_a intelligence_n dumb_a intelligence_n gun_n either_o in_o the_o day_n time_n or_o the_o night_n shall_v signify_v such_o a_o thing_n a_o great_a smoke_n make_v at_o such_o a_o place_n in_o the_o day_n time_n shall_v intimate_v such_o and_o such_o a_o matter_n three_o four_o or_o five_o shot_n of_o cannon_n make_v at_o such_o a_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n or_o a_o lantern_n with_o many_o light_n let_v down_o so_o many_o time_n in_o the_o night_n time_n from_o a_o high_a steeple_n shall_v denote_v the_o want_n within_o the_o fort_n or_o perhaps_o the_o number_n of_o week_n and_o day_n the_o governor_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o one_o two_o or_o three_o fire_n make_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n without_o shall_v let_v the_o governor_n know_v such_o and_o such_o thing_n they_o shall_v likewise_o agree_v concern_v intelligence_n to_o be_v send_v in_o or_o out_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o letter_n the_o last_o shall_v be_v write_v in_o cipher_n a_o copy_n whereof_o both_o general_n and_o governor_n shall_v have_v the_o first_o shall_v be_v such_o language_n as_o the_o messenger_n himself_o shall_v not_o understand_v the_o meaning_n or_o sense_n of_o it_o in_o the_o punctual_a observation_n of_o all_o these_o the_o general_n and_o governor_n shall_v be_v very_o wary_a and_o attentive_a but_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o intelligence_n i_o tell_v you_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o trust_v to_o any_o intelligence_n that_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n may_v be_v reveal_v to_o a_o enemy_n either_o dangerous_a letter_n dangerous_a by_o the_o treachery_n or_o the_o confession_n press_v out_o by_o torture_n of_o he_o who_o carry_v it_o that_o by_o letter_n may_v be_v reveal_v by_o the_o carrier_n fear_v or_o falsehood_n and_o the_o cipher_n open_v with_o a_o key_n or_o they_o may_v be_v betray_v by_o the_o secretary_n who_o write_v they_o next_o a_o great_a person_n subscription_n may_v be_v counterfeit_v in_o which_o be_v 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possible_a for_o he_o to_o reward_v all_o yet_o those_o who_o have_v not_o get_v shall_v not_o envy_v those_o on_o who_o he_o have_v confer_v his_o princely_a favour_n and_o reward_n the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o praise_v and_o commend_v those_o who_o have_v do_v any_o particular_a kind_n of_o military_a service_n continues_z yet_o for_o every_o general_n do_v something_o like_o it_o but_o they_o have_v not_o that_o power_n over_o the_o treasury_n that_o the_o roman_a consul_n have_v in_o the_o field_n our_o late_a politician_n can_v tell_v we_o that_o their_o forefather_n be_v so_o wise_a as_o not_o to_o entrust_v both_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o purse_n to_o one_o person_n and_o yet_o soldier_n be_v never_o better_o pay_v nor_o the_o prince_n his_o service_n better_o do_v than_o when_o he_o who_o command_v the_o arm_n command_v the_o purse_n likewise_o but_o when_o a_o general_n can_v reward_v of_o himself_o he_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o acquaint_v his_o master_n know_v general_n 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servant_n do_v depend_v there_o be_v no_o theft_n say_v he_o nor_o robbery_n comparable_a to_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o man_n honour_n and_o yet_o many_o general_n make_v no_o conscience_n to_o commit_v that_o theft_n and_o that_o robbery_n thus_o far_o monluc_n and_o since_o he_o die_v experience_n have_v have_v confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o observation_n general_n love_v too_o well_o to_o take_v both_o the_o praise_n and_o benefit_n of_o all_o that_o be_v do_v well_o to_o themselves_o and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o dexterity_n they_o lay_v the_o miscarriage_n of_o all_o their_o own_o action_n at_o other_o man_n door_n the_o suedish_n feltmarshal_n banier_n and_o torstenson_n in_o our_o own_o time_n be_v none_o of_o those_o general_n for_o they_o reward_v officer_n and_o soldier_n themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o help_v they_o they_o generous_o recommend_v they_o to_o the_o administrator_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o queen_n 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it_o with_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n milice_fw-la to_o want_v its_o imperfection_n so_o i_o suppose_v none_o will_v be_v so_o void_a of_o reason_n as_o to_o grant_v to_o he_o that_o the_o roman_a one_o be_v absolute_o perfect_a he_o have_v read_v it_o sure_o in_o the_o best_a of_o author_n that_o nothing_o below_o the_o sun_n be_v perfect_a and_o i_o will_v have_v it_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o title_n of_o the_o comparison_n be_v of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n yet_o all_o along_o in_o the_o comparison_n itself_o he_o mention_n only_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o only_a ancient_n one_o whereas_o he_o know_v the_o grecian_a be_v more_o ancient_a than_o it_o the_o judaic_a old_a than_o the_o grecian_a and_o the_o egyptian_a old_a than_o all_o the_o three_o my_o purpose_n then_o be_v neither_o to_o derogate_v from_o the_o excellent_a worth_n of_o the_o roman_a nor_o to_o vilipend_v the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n i_o hope_v without_o any_o 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nighttime_n to_o cast_v down_o his_o rampart_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n while_o he_o marshal_v his_o army_n wherewith_o he_o march_v out_o and_o fight_v next_o morning_n with_o success_n cato_n the_o elder_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o spaniard_n lead_v his_o army_n in_o the_o nighttime_n a_o great_a circuit_n even_o behind_o the_o enemy_n camp_n and_o next_o morning_n do_v show_v his_o soldier_n where_o they_o be_v remonstrate_v to_o they_o what_o they_o have_v to_o do_v and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o impossibility_n to_o get_v back_o to_o their_o own_o camp_n but_o over_o the_o beâ—â—ies_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o â—ought_v and_o get_v the_o victory_n these_o great_a roman_a captain_n you_o see_v be_v not_o of_o lipsius_n his_o judgement_n but_o further_a the_o roman_a senate_n impute_v the_o loss_n of_o cannae_n to_o the_o retreat_n of_o their_o army_n to_o the_o camp_n and_o according_o punish_v all_o that_o be_v take_v in_o the_o camp_n for_o that_o retreat_n and_o beside_o that_o take_v two_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o hurt_n their_o retreat_n to_o their_o camp_n be_v like_a to_o do_v the_o consul_n attilius_n fight_v against_o the_o samnite_n see_v his_o foot_n fly_v shameful_o he_o instant_o order_v some_o of_o his_o cavalry_n to_o get_v between_o they_o and_o the_o camp_n and_o by_o mere_a force_n drive_v they_o back_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o roman_a foot_n desperate_o turn_v head_n gain_v the_o day_n see_v livy_n nine_o book_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n which_o lucius_n scipio_n fight_v with_o antiochus_n the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n be_v indifferent_o well_o secure_v by_o a_o river_n the_o consul_n make_v his_o left_a wing_n of_o horse_n the_o weak_a which_o antiochus_n perceive_v cause_v a_o brisk_a charge_n to_o be_v give_v on_o the_o horse_n and_o rout_v they_o and_o immediate_o fall_v on_o the_o left_a flank_n of_o the_o foot_n who_o not_o endure_v it_o flee_v towards_o the_o camp_n but_o 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as_o be_v never_o put_v in_o execution_n here_o he_o assume_v to_o himself_o to_o speak_v what_o he_o please_v to_o the_o disgrace_n of_o christian_a soldier_n and_o very_o little_a to_o his_o own_o reputation_n listen_v a_o little_a to_o his_o word_n adeste_fw-la mei_fw-la deuce_n date_n vestras_fw-la leges_fw-la quid_fw-la mussatis_fw-la a_o nullâ—_n an_fw-mi paucae_fw-la illa_fw-la ipsae_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la irrite_n &_o pro_fw-la nullis_fw-la profecto_fw-la ita_fw-la vivitur_fw-la libido_fw-la pro_fw-la lege_fw-la est_fw-la jurisque_fw-la locum_fw-la sibi_fw-la vindicat_fw-la ensis_fw-la furta_fw-la quis_fw-la hodie_fw-la punit_fw-la imo_fw-la quis_fw-la raptus_fw-la &_o codes_o stupra_fw-la &_o adulteria_fw-la inter_fw-la facinora_fw-la militaria_fw-la censentur_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la poscant_fw-la aliquam_fw-la coronam_fw-la take_v it_o in_o english_a come_v hither_o say_v he_o you_o captain_n