indeed_o the_o worst_a sort_n they_o call_v aia_n of_o cambaia_n and_o thus_o the_o price_n be_v by_o the_o man_n set_v thereon_o according_a to_o their_o sort_n goodness_n and_o greatness_n there_o be_v merchant_n of_o every_o country_n which_o be_v ready_a with_o their_o money_n in_o their_o hand_n to_o buy_v they_o so_o that_o in_o few_o day_n all_o the_o say_a parcel_n be_v buy_v up_o according_a to_o the_o say_a price_n set_v upon_o they_o alter_v according_a to_o the_o carack_n beauty_n and_o shape_n thereof_o and_o this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o fish_n and_o disperse_v of_o the_o pearl_n throughout_o india_n and_o thence_o through_o the_o world_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o in_o this_o place_n chap._n xcii_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n practise_v alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n india_n the_o general_a trade_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n the_o coast_n of_o india_n know_v in_o these_o region_n be_v only_o so_o account_v from_o the_o island_n call_v alas_o vachas_n or_o from_o the_o town_n of_o daman_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o comarin_n not_o above_o 200_o mile_n in_o length_n wherein_o beside_o the_o metropolis_n goa_n be_v find_v sundry_a other_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o portugal_n as_o first_o daman_n to_o the_o north_n of_o goa_n then_o basain_o then_o shall_fw-mi dabul_n and_o then_o goa_n and_o to_o the_o southward_o which_o some_o call_v the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n they_o hold_v rome_n onor_n barselor_n mangalor_n cananor_n calicut_n craganor_n cochin_n coulon_n and_o cape_n de_fw-fr comeri_fw-la which_o be_v account_v the_o last_o end_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o india_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o trade_n of_o these_o sea_n port_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o shall_v somewhat_o more_o particular_o survey_v the_o same_o shall_fw-mi daman_n basasen_n shall_fw-mi first_o then_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o coast_n be_v hold_v the_o wholesome_a and_o pure_a air_n for_o habitation_n the_o principal_a place_n be_v daman_n basasen_n and_o shall_fw-mi which_o be_v find_v in_o themselves_o to_o have_v good_a havens_n whereto_o great_a traffic_n be_v maintain_v throughout_o india_n the_o country_n hereabout_o abound_v in_o rice_n pease_n and_o other_o grain_n butter_n and_o oil_n of_o nut_n also_o cotton_n cloth_n great_a quantity_n especial_o baroche_n take_v the_o name_n from_o a_o city_n of_o this_o coast_n and_o in_o shall_fw-mi be_v find_v very_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n and_o traffic_n to_o ormus_n cambaia_n sinde_n masquate_a bengala_n have_v therein_o many_o rich_a merchant_n and_o ship_n of_o great_a burden_n and_o here_o be_v also_o make_v divers_a kind_n of_o silk_n stuff_n as_o grogram_n sattim_n taffata_n and_o such_o like_a in_o such_o abundance_n that_o india_n and_o all_o other_o place_n border_v be_v serve_v therewith_o and_o behold_v thereto_o which_o bring_v a_o great_a trade_n to_o the_o say_a city_n of_o shall_fw-mi for_o they_o bring_v in_o the_o raw_a silk_n of_o china_n and_o be_v here_o spin_v weave_a and_o wrought_v carry_v it_o out_o again_o and_o distribute_v it_o throughout_o india_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n here_o also_o they_o make_v fair_a and_o excellent_a wrought_v bedsted_n box_n desk_n stool_n and_o other_o wooden_a art_n which_o bring_v they_o great_a profit_n and_o make_v this_o place_n famous_a throughout_o these_o part_n thereof_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o as_o for_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n onor_n be_v of_o good_a esteem_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o pepper_n yearly_o lade_v by_o the_o portugal_n factor_n account_v the_o best_a and_o full_a berry_n in_o all_o india_n the_o country_n hereabout_o belong_v to_o a_o queen_n rich_a in_o pepper_n who_o sell_v the_o say_a commodity_n only_o to_o the_o portugal_n but_o receive_v her_o money_n six_o month_n beforehand_o and_o at_o the_o season_n deliver_v the_o say_v contract_a pepper_n which_o by_o the_o portugal_n be_v house_v in_o their_o fort_n which_o by_o her_o leave_n they_o have_v here_o build_v till_o their_o ship_n come_v to_o fetch_v it_o away_o which_o be_v common_o but_o once_o a_o year_n cananor_n cananor_n cananor_n be_v hold_v the_o best_a fort_n they_o have_v upon_o all_o this_o coast_n and_o do_v abound_v with_o rice_n and_o pepper_n and_o near_o the_o fort_n be_v a_o fair_a town_n which_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o this_o coast_n and_o shore_n especial_o abound_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n and_o mast_n for_o ship_n of_o all_o size_n and_o sort_n calicut_n calicut_n calicut_n be_v once_o the_o most_o famous_a town_n of_o trade_n of_o all_o this_o shore_n and_o give_v name_n not_o only_o to_o the_o sort_n of_o pepper_n that_o here_o grow_v but_o also_o to_o that_o sort_n or_o cotton_n cloth_n that_o be_v first_o hence_o transport_v for_o europe_n but_o the_o emperor_n the_o then_o sovereign_a cochin_n cochin_n be_v enemy_n to_o the_o king_n of_o cochin_n with_o who_o the_o portugal_n at_o their_o first_o arrival_n here_o side_v and_o prosper_v by_o that_o mean_n overthrow_v the_o great_a traffic_n of_o calicut_n and_o advance_v the_o traffic_n of_o cochin_n who_o sovereign_a by_o mean_n of_o the_o trade_n be_v now_o become_v a_o mighty_a and_o rich_a prince_n in_o this_o country_n the_o city_n of_o cochin_n itself_o thereby_o so_o enlarge_v enrich_v and_o so_o well_o inhabit_v by_o portugal_n who_o be_v in_o part_n the_o new_a master_n by_o native_a malabar_n and_o other_o nation_n and_o seat_v upon_o a_o pleasant_a river_n and_o enjoy_v the_o commodity_n of_o a_o good_a channel_n and_o haven_n that_o it_o be_v account_v in_o these_o part_n for_o trade_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n the_o only_a second_o to_z goa_n here_o be_v lade_v yearly_a great_a quantity_n of_o pepper_n and_o a_o course_n sort_n of_o cinnamon_n vulgar_o call_v de_fw-fr matte_n nothing_o comparable_a to_o cinnamon_n of_o zelan_n account_v the_o best_a and_o hither_o come_v all_o the_o portugal_n ship_n to_o lade_v homeward_o after_o that_o they_o have_v unlade_v their_o european_a commodity_n in_o goa_n which_o add_v much_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n two_o commodity_n hither_o import_v do_v much_o enrich_v this_o place_n 1._o the_o great_a store_n of_o silk_n that_o come_v hither_o raw_a from_o china_n to_o be_v wrought_v and_o next_o the_o great_a store_n of_o sugar_n that_o come_v from_o bengala_n to_o be_v spend_v for_o which_o the_o marry_a citizen_n be_v find_v to_o pay_v no_o custom_n to_o the_o king_n of_o cochin_n though_o for_o all_o other_o they_o pay_v 4_o per_fw-la cent_n but_o the_o stranger_n and_o unmarried_a pay_n at_o cochin_n nothing_o to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o the_o portugal_n 8_o per_fw-la cent_n portugal_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o farm_a the_o pepper_n in_o india_n by_o the_o portugal_n and_o because_o this_o great_a traffic_n for_o pepper_n be_v only_o peculiar_a to_o some_o private_a merchant_n or_o farmer_n authorise_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n it_o will_v not_o be_v unproper_a i_o shall_v here_o relate_v the_o manner_n thereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v then_o that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n the_o first_o european_n trader_n into_o these_o part_n in_o all_o their_o navigation_n and_o discovery_n ever_o add_v the_o benefit_n of_o commerce_n towards_o the_o supportation_n of_o the_o expense_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o have_v here_o build_v for_o conveniency_n of_o trade_n and_o protection_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o subject_n many_o fortress_n and_o castle_n they_o ever_o so_o settle_v they_o that_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o haven_n port_n or_o harbour_n join_v to_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o place_n may_v add_v mean_n and_o fair_a inducement_n to_o make_v by_o traffic_n their_o conquest_n profitable_a this_o coast_n then_o be_v find_v to_o abound_v with_o pepper_n a_o principal_a commodity_n then_o request_v in_o europe_n design_v it_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o his_o peculiar_a profit_n by_o all_o the_o provident_a way_n of_o a_o circumspect_a merchant_n string_n chi_fw-mi crâ—po_fw-la abrazia_fw-la poca_fw-la string_n but_o prince_n that_o will_v embrace_v all_o sometime_o grasp_v but_o a_o little_a for_o the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v so_o profitable_o contrive_v consider_v the_o distance_n of_o way_n length_n of_o time_n and_o trust_v to_o be_v commit_v to_o factor_n captain_n of_o fort_n and_o other_o but_o he_o find_v himself_o to_o come_v far_o short_a of_o his_o expectation_n in_o this_o point_n whereupon_o he_o be_v advise_v to_o let_v out_o the_o same_o to_o farm_n and_o contract_v it_o at_o certain_a condition_n to_o certain_a great_a and_o eminent_a merchant_n who_o shall_v stand_v in_o his_o place_n strong_o and_o
whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o and_o then_o have_v choose_v one_o to_o his_o mind_n he_o contract_v with_o her_o friend_n for_o her_o use_n for_o the_o say_a time_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n which_o do_v he_o bring_v she_o to_o his_o house_n or_o lodging_n and_o she_o serve_v he_o willing_o in_o all_o his_o affair_n both_o by_o day_n and_o night_n as_o both_o his_o slave_n and_o wife_n but_o then_o he_o must_v take_v care_n that_o during_o that_o time_n he_o keep_v not_o company_n with_o any_o other_o woman_n for_o so_o he_o may_v incur_v a_o great_a danger_n and_o peril_n of_o his_o life_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o when_o the_o time_n of_o his_o residence_n be_v expire_v he_o pay_v the_o parent_n of_o the_o maid_n the_o price_n agree_v for_o and_o depart_v quiet_o away_o and_o she_o return_v with_o credit_n to_o her_o friend_n be_v as_o well_o esteem_v of_o as_o ever_o she_o be_v before_o and_o if_o afterward_o this_o maid_n chance_v to_o marry_v though_o with_o the_o principall_a of_o the_o country_n and_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a stranger_n shall_v again_o return_v hither_o to_o trade_n he_o may_v again_o demand_v his_o wâ—man_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v she_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n without_o the_o resistance_n of_o her_o husband_n or_o any_o shame_n unto_o he_o and_o she_o remain_v by_o the_o stranger_n as_o long_o as_o he_o abide_v there_o and_o he_o travel_v from_o thence_o she_o go_v home_o to_o her_o husband_n again_o which_o among_o they_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o most_o sure_a and_o inviolable_a law_n and_o custom_n pegu._n coin_n current_a in_o pegu._n the_o coin_n current_n here_o and_o throughout_o all_o this_o coast_n be_v call_v gansa_n which_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o lead_n and_o be_v not_o the_o proper_a money_n of_o the_o king_n but_o every_o man_n may_v stamp_v it_o that_o will_v and_o that_o be_v able_a because_o it_o have_v its_o just_a value_n in_o stuff_n and_o material_n there_o be_v much_o counterfeit_n of_o this_o coin_n but_o it_o be_v soon_o discern_v by_o the_o broker_n teller_n of_o money_n who_o ready_o spy_v it_o out_o and_o therefore_o not_o passable_a nor_o will_v it_o be_v take_v by_o any_o with_o this_o money_n gansa_n you_o may_v buy_v gold_n silver_n ruby_n drug_n spice_n and_o all_o commodity_n and_o no_o other_o money_n be_v current_a among_o they_o this_o gansa_n go_v by_o a_o weight_n call_v a_o biso_n and_o this_o name_n of_o bise_n go_v for_o the_o account_n of_o the_o weight_n and_o therefore_o a_o bise_n of_o a_o gansa_n be_v account_v by_o stranger_n there_o trade_v ½_n â„ž_o 8_o â—_o or_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n sterling_a and_o albeit_o that_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o all_o other_o commodite_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v yet_o this_o bise_n never_o alter_v in_o value_n or_o estimation_n every_o bise_n make_v a_o hundred_o gansae_n of_o weight_n and_o so_o it_o do_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o money_n be_v bisa_n martaven_n martaven_n in_o this_o country_n be_v also_o seat_v the_o town_n of_o martaven_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o the_o last_o of_o this_o coast_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v wonderful_a expert_a in_o make_v of_o hard_a waâ—_n which_o hence_o be_v disperse_v throughout_o india_n and_o into_o many_o place_n of_o europe_n here_o be_v also_o make_v those_o great_a earthen_n jar_n or_o vessel_n which_o serve_v they_o to_o keep_v water_n oil_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o india_n and_o aboard_o their_o ship_n in_o stead_n of_o cask_n barrel_n and_o such_o vessel_n and_o throughout_o all_o these_o country_n be_v call_v of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n maatavanas_n and_o in_o some_o place_n by_o the_o portugal_n benajos_n chap._n xcvi_o of_o siam_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o siam_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n thereof_o under_o the_o title_n of_o siam_n i_o will_v comprehend_v the_o city_n of_o tenaserim_n a_o famous_a town_n of_o traffic_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o a_o kingdom_n also_o pattana_n another_o city_n on_o this_o coast_n not_o far_o distan_a from_o siam_n itself_o be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o english_a merchant_n have_v a_o residence_n and_o hold_v a_o factory_a and_o last_o siam_n as_o the_o principal_a and_o as_o one_o upon_o who_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o dependency_n both_o in_o matter_n of_o government_n and_o trade_n this_o city_n then_o of_o siam_n some_o year_n past_a as_o appear_v by_o relation_n of_o that_o worthy_a merchant_n ralph_n fitch_n and_o other_o be_v the_o prime_n of_o all_o these_o and_o the_o neighbour_a region_n but_o be_v for_o twenty_o one_o month_n besiege_v by_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n who_o after_o four_o month_n march_v encompass_v it_o with_o a_o million_o and_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o soldier_n at_o length_n by_o mean_n of_o treason_n and_o not_o of_o strength_n gain_v it_o drive_v the_o king_n thereof_o to_o that_o desperation_n that_o he_o poison_v himself_o with_o all_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n pegu_n the_o fortune_n of_o siam_n and_o pegu_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v obey_v several_a prince_n and_o be_v subject_n to_o sundry_a master_n according_a to_o the_o various_a chance_n of_o war_n and_o of_o this_o country_n which_o in_o one_o age_n be_v see_v here_o so_o diverse_o to_o alter_v into_o sundry_a shape_n for_o a_o petty_a king_n which_o now_o command_v one_o only_a town_n or_o province_n in_o a_o few_o year_n come_v to_o be_v a_o great_a emperor_n over_o several_a kingdom_n and_o peradventure_o that_o great_a emperor_n who_o now_o command_v so_o many_o several_a nation_n within_o few_o year_n after_o be_v glad_a to_o rule_v over_o a_o small_a province_n city_n or_o island_n which_o the_o prince_n of_o pegu_n and_o siam_n have_v of_o late_a year_n to_o their_o great_a grief_n find_v too_o true_a by_o experience_n the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o former_a suffer_v calamity_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n not_o only_o hence_o to_o couchin-china_n macau_n cantor_n malacca_n cambaia_n and_o the_o island_n summatra_n borneo_n banda_n and_o other_o by_o sea_n but_o also_o be_v much_o augment_v by_o the_o inland_n trade_n thereof_o partly_o to_o martavan_n tenaserim_n and_o other_o which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o same_o land_n but_o as_o seat_v on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o and_o as_o enjoy_v thereby_o the_o commodity_n of_o another_o sea_n but_o the_o same_o be_v find_v proper_a for_o trade_n by_o its_o own_o commodious_a situation_n menan_n river_n menan_n be_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n menan_n which_o run_v hither_o through_o or_o rather_o thwart_v india_n arise_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o chiama_n as_o they_o term_v it_o at_o least_o 22_o degree_n from_o this_o city_n where_o it_o issue_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v here_o find_v about_o the_o month_n of_o march_n so_o to_o over-swell_a his_o bank_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o 120_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o retire_v themselves_o during_o this_o inundation_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o their_o house_n so_o purposely_o make_v to_o avoid_v the_o inconveniency_n of_o the_o water_n every_o house_n then_o have_v a_o boat_n or_o frigate_n belong_v thereto_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o converse_v together_o and_o traffic_v as_o on_o dry_a shore_n till_o the_o say_a river_n return_v to_o her_o wont_a channel_n again_o the_o king_n of_o this_o country_n as_o indeed_o of_o all_o these_o region_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n merchant_n who_o give_v the_o english_a admittance_n to_o trade_n and_o residence_n here_o about_o 1612_o upon_o who_o he_o bestow_v also_o a_o fair_a house_n for_o their_o abode_n and_o warehouse_n to_o lay_v up_o their_o merchandise_n where_o since_o for_o some_o year_n they_o have_v continue_v but_o of_o late_a year_n have_v leave_v it_o off_o and_o discontinue_v upon_o the_o little_a benefit_n this_o scale_n and_o country_n afford_v they_o pattana_n commodity_n of_o siam_n and_o pattana_n the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o city_n and_o coast_n be_v cotton_n linen_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o that_o excellent_a wine_n or_o distil_a liquor_n call_v here_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nipe_n make_v of_o cocos_fw-la or_o india_n nut_n and_o hence_o transport_v into_o all_o part_n of_o india_n and_o the_o adjoin_a region_n here_o be_v also_o great_a quantity_n of_o benjamin_n and_o of_o lac_n wherewith_o the_o hard_a wax_n be_v make_v that_o be_v bring_v hence_o into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o world_n also_o that_o costly_a wood_n call_v by_o the_o portugal_n palo_n dangula_fw-la and_o calamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n
as_o i_o say_v before_o which_o they_o account_v as_o their_o great_a treasure_n and_o with_o which_o their_o barter_n and_o exchange_n for_o thing_n necessary_a be_v make_v but_o now_o of_o late_a the_o king_n of_o achin_n in_o imitation_n of_o other_o adjoin_a prince_n and_o so_o the_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o malacca_n now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o portugal_n have_v coin_v money_n which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v these_o a_o mass_n which_o be_v here_o account_v for_o 4_o cappan_n which_o be_v 12_o d._n sterling_a a_o tail_n be_v 16_o mass_n or_o 3â…•_n â„ž_o â—_o â—_o or_o sterling_a money_n 16_o s._n a_o cattee_n be_v 8_o tail_n in_o ordinary_a account_n and_o worth_a 25â…”_n â„ž_o â—_o spanish_a or_o 6_o l._n 8_o s._n sterling_a and_o sometime_o in_o exchange_n from_o hence_o to_o other_o adjacent_a part_n they_o account_v 7¼_n and_o 7½_n tail_n to_o one_o cattee_n java_n account_n keep_v in_o java_n in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n as_o jambe_n tycho_n and_o priaman_n they_o have_v no_o coin_n of_o their_o own_o but_o the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o spanish_a â„ž_o â—_o in_o which_o the_o european_n keep_v their_o account_n and_o for_o distinction_n divide_v it_o to_o be_v 60_o denier_n or_o pence_n to_o a_o â„ž_o â—_o jambe_n weight_n of_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n jambe_n the_o common_a through_o all_o summatra_n be_v a_o bahar_n but_o yet_o find_v to_o vary_v in_o many_o place_n and_o consist_v of_o cattee_n which_o in_o greatness_n also_o vary_v and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o difference_n but_o in_o achin_n priamam_fw-la ticcou_n and_o jambe_n where_o the_o english_a reside_v the_o bahar_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o each_o of_o these_o place_n 200_o cattee_n every_o cattee_n be_v 29_o ounce_n english_a so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n the_o bahar_n must_v make_v 360_o l._n english_a sotile_a summatra_n measure_n in_o summatra_n the_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n be_v chap._n cvi_o of_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o next_o island_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v borneo_n and_o be_v equal_o divide_v by_o the_o aequinoctial_a into_o two_o part_n put_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bind_v between_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o borneo_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o of_o laus_n on_o the_o south_n in_o compass_n account_v above_o 2200_o mile_n and_o hold_v the_o great_a of_o all_o this_o ocean_n island_n commodity_n of_o borneo_n island_n the_o country_n do_v yield_v in_o great_a abundance_n the_o wood_n which_o we_o call_v camphora_n also_o that_o wood_n know_v by_o the_o portugal_n by_o the_o name_n of_o polo_n d'_fw-fr aguila_n and_o also_o that_o costly_a sweat_n wood_n which_o be_v call_v collamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n and_o gold_n also_o here_o be_v find_v some_o gold_n diamond_n nutmeg_n mace_n agarick_n and_o other_o spice_n and_o great_a abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a antidote_n which_o in_o europe_n be_v call_v the_o bezoar-stone_n island_n town_n of_o borneo_n island_n it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o many_o fair_a town_n and_o harbour_n as_o cabura_n taioparra_n tamorutas_fw-la and_o borneo_n the_o metropolis_n and_o most_o magnificent_a above_o all_o the_o rest_n contain_v 25_o thousand_o inhabitant_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o marish_a of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o venice_n borneo_n secodana_n and_o benicrmasa_n english_a factory_n in_o borneo_n also_o secodana_n where_o many_o diamond_n be_v find_v and_o where_o the_o english_a some_o year_n past_a have_v a_o factory_a and_o residence_n as_o also_o the_o same_o in_o beniermasa_n another_o good_a port_n in_o this_o island_n i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o coin_n current_n here_o in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n nor_o yet_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n in_o this_o island_n therefore_o must_v refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o better_o experience_v and_o to_o the_o trader_n thither_o chap._n cvii_o of_o celebs_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n celebs_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o celebs_n be_v the_o next_o in_o this_o tract_n nor_o far_o distant_a from_o borneo_n island_n through_o part_n of_o which_o run_v the_o equator_fw-la yield_v by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o commodity_n proper_a to_o summatra_n borneo_n gilolo_n and_o other_o seat_v under_o the_o same_o line_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o several_a prince_n and_o enjoy_v some_o eminent_a town_n frequent_v by_o european_a merchant_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o rich_a commodity_n as_o durati_fw-la mamaio_n tubon_n and_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o english_a factory_a in_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o chief_a port_n for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o island_n and_o where_o the_o english_a have_v a_o residence_n and_o factory_a and_o follow_v their_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o place_n i_o find_v maccasar_n coin_n current_a in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n their_o coin_n current_a here_o in_o use_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o mass_n cupan_n and_o tail_n thus_o value_v a_o tail_n be_v account_v for_o 16_o mass_n in_o current_a value_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v worth_a 15_o rial_n of_o eight_o a_o mass_n be_v a_o gold_n coin_n as_o be_v the_o tail_n and_o want_v somewhat_o of_o 5_o s._n or_o a_o rial_n of_o â—_o 8_o spanish_a and_o this_o mass_n be_v 4_o cuppan_n each_o captain_z esteem_v to_o be_v about_o 14_o d._n sterling_a money_n and_o by_o this_o calculation_n the_o tail_n shall_v make_v sterling_a 3_o l._n 14_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o by_o the_o account_n of_o â„ž_o â—_o 8_o at_o 5_o s._n sterling_a the_o tail_n be_v 3_o l._n 15_o s._n sterling_a maccasar_n weight_n in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n the_o common_a weight_n in_o use_n be_v the_o ganton_n zicoyan_n and_o mass_n thus_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a weight_n averdupois_n the_o ganton_n be_v both_o a_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o weight_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 5_o l._n english_a and_o in_o measure_n about_o two_o english_a gallon_n a_o mass_n in_o weight_n be_v 40_o gantons_n which_o be_v 200_o l._n english_a or_o 80_o gallon_n english_a a_o zicoyan_a be_v 20_o mass_n in_o weight_n which_o be_v 4000_o l._n english_a or_o 800_o canton_n of_o this_o place_n to_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v a_o work_n past_o my_o skill_n or_o i_o think_v most_o man_n else_n consider_v the_o multitude_n thereof_o philippiâ—…_n philippiâ—…_n the_o philippines_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o anno_fw-la 1564_o be_v in_o number_n 110_o thousand_o as_o some_o author_n report_n over_o against_o china_n be_v also_o find_v 7448_o island_n and_o about_o india_n 127000_o great_a and_o small_a more_o which_o in_o many_o place_n stand_v so_o nigh_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v afar_o off_o to_o touch_v and_o to_o be_v all_o one_o firm_a land_n but_o whosoever_o pass_v between_o they_o may_v with_o his_o hand_n touch_v the_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n both_o on_o the_o one_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n many_o commodity_n be_v find_v grow_v upon_o these_o island_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o many_o of_o they_o maintain_v a_o traffic_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v 1498._o the_o portugal_n the_o first_o master_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o east-india_n 1498._o now_o forasmuch_o as_o portugal_n dutch_a and_o english_a have_v of_o late_a year_n discover_v those_o country_n of_o india_n and_o that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v since_o settle_v themselves_o by_o fort_n and_o castle_n there_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a i_o shall_v here_o survey_v their_o strength_n and_o hold_v build_v for_o defence_n and_o their_o factory_a settle_a for_o traffic_n throughout_o this_o continent_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o island_n thereof_o the_o portugal_n than_o be_v the_o first_o that_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1498._o depart_v from_o lisbon_n under_o command_n of_o vasco_n di_fw-it gamma_n double_v the_o cape_n of_o bona_n esperance_fw-fr which_o have_v prove_v so_o successful_a to_o they_o since_o that_o time_n that_o they_o have_v master_v conquer_v and_o fortify_v themselves_o beyond_o that_o cape_n in_o soffala_n quiloa_n mosambique_n mombasa_n and_o in_o ormus_n in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n late_o again_o lose_v in_o india_n they_o have_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o diu_n daman_n basain_n châ—…_n goa_n honour_n barsola_n mongalor_n cananor_n cronganor_n cochin_n and_o colan_n in_o silon_n they_o have_v column_n brag_v of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a port_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n they_o hold_v negapatam_n and_o st._n thomas_n in_o bengala_n they_o have_v porto_n pequenio_n
place_n these_o observation_n i_o have_v find_v true_a by_o my_o own_o experience_n rotolo_n of_o aleppo_n give_v in_o marselia_n 5_o l._n 6_o ounce_n rotolo_n of_o damascus_n give_v 4½_n l._n rotolo_n of_o tripoli_n in_o syria_n 4½_n l._n rotolo_n of_o mantua_n 5½_n l._n cantaro_n of_o genoa_n 118_o l._n cantaro_n of_o civita_n veccia_n in_o allom_n 130_o l._n cantaro_n of_o alicant_n in_o barsilia_n 133½_n l._n rotolos_fw-la 100_o l._n malta_n in_o olive_n 200_o l._n loderos_n 100_o l._n of_o constantinople_n 135_o l._n cantaro_n of_o sardinia_n in_o cheese_n 100_o l._n cantaro_n of_o zant_n in_o curran_n 116_o l._n cargo_n of_o valentia_n in_o pepper_n 320_o l._n cantaro_n of_o argier_n 150_o l._n rotolo_n of_o cyprus_n in_o cotton_n 5¼_n l._n cantaro_n of_o valentia_n in_o cochineal_n 88_o l._n hundred_o of_o london_n 112_o l._n give_v in_o tin_n 125_o l._n and_o the_o 120_o l._n english_a stannery_n in_o tin_n make_v 134_o l._n these_o town_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v with_o marselia_n in_o their_o quintal_n marselia_n measure_n of_o marselia_n first_o lepanto_n 100_o l._n arch_n 100_o l._n candia_n sotile_n 100_o l._n petras_n 100_o l._n rochel_n 100_o l._n tholosa_fw-la 100_o l._n montpelier_n 100_o l._n avignion_n 100_o l._n which_o i_o refer_v to_o trial_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n because_o i_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o some_o of_o they_o the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o palm_n the_o cane_n make_v 2â…›_n yard_n english_a corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o mine_n the_o sack_n of_o pisa_n and_o legorn_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 1â…˜_n mine_n of_o marselia_n marselia_n custom_n in_o marselia_n the_o custom_n here_o out_o and_o in_o be_v 1½_n per_fw-la cent_n but_o the_o city_n by_o reason_n of_o cleanse_v the_o harbour_n and_o some_o ship_n set_v out_o against_o pirate_n have_v make_v the_o 1½_n inward_o 3¼_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o only_a 1¼_n out_o this_o be_v mean_v of_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o country_n but_o in_o spice_n bring_v in_o as_o pepper_n ginger_n indigo_n or_o such_o as_o come_v not_o out_o of_o the_o levant_n but_o as_o they_o call_v it_o out_o of_o the_o ponent_fw-la or_o out_o of_o the_o west-sea_n it_o pay_v the_o king_n custom_n which_o be_v now_o about_o 15_o per_fw-la cent_n beside_o the_o city_n custom_n above_o name_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o marselia_n avignion_n avignion_n the_o next_o province_n be_v that_o of_o avignion_n the_o principal_a city_n thereof_o call_v by_o that_o name_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a town_n and_o seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o rhone_n but_o have_v no_o trade_n that_o i_o can_v observe_v though_o i_o have_v often_o be_v there_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o pope_n and_o he_o permit_v jew_n to_o inhabit_v here_o be_v find_v the_o principal_a pedlar_n for_o merchant_n i_o can_v call_v they_o the_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v 7_o palace_n 7_o parish_n 7_o monastery_n 7_o nunnery_n 7_o inn_n and_o 7_o gate_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o note_n i_o observe_v not_o and_o as_o for_o commerce_n the_o weight_n and_o measure_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o marselia_n and_o the_o great_a custom_n here_o pay_v be_v some_o prejudice_n to_o passenger_n and_o merchandise_n that_o pass_v from_o provence_n to_o lion_n or_o from_o lion_n to_o marselia_n orange_n orange_n the_o next_o province_n be_v orange_n the_o capital_a city_n here_o bear_v that_o name_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n a_o strong_a town_n and_o sweet_o seat_v near_o upon_o the_o rhone_n here_o all_o protestant_a passenger_n be_v real_o welcome_v and_o papist_n narrow_o look_v unto_o in_o requital_n of_o the_o contrary_a courtesy_n practise_v at_o avignion_n not_o above_o six_o league_n off_o picardy_n picardy_n the_o next_o be_v picardy_n wherein_o i_o find_v amiens_n and_o abbeville_n for_o fair_a town_n but_o of_o little_a or_o no_o traffic_n calais_n calais_n calais_n also_o the_o inlet_a of_o france_n be_v strong_a but_o have_v send_v away_o its_o trade_n with_o the_o staple_n which_o by_o the_o english_a be_v plant_v and_o continue_v here_o for_o 200_o year_n whilst_o it_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a the_o french_a king_n be_v accustom_v to_o have_v the_o same_o put_v daily_o into_o their_o remembrance_n till_o it_o be_v regain_v and_o be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n make_v mention_v thereof_o in_o their_o oath_n take_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o that_o brotherhood_n it_o be_v almost_o forget_v that_o ever_o it_o be_v english_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o mention_v here_o that_o some_o noble_a english_a heart_n will_v daily_o put_v our_o sovereign_n in_o mind_n thereof_o till_o it_o return_v again_o to_o be_v english_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n a_o word_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cxxxii_o of_o calais_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o calais_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o calais_n former_o be_v the_o great_a staple_n for_o the_o wool_n of_o england_n and_o settle_v here_o aâ—…_n 1347._o by_o edward_n the_o three_o to_o make_v good_a his_o conquest_n after_o eleven_o month_n siege_n bâ—…_n afterward_o it_o be_v hence_o remove_v and_o this_o place_n lose_v by_o queen_n mary_n anno_fw-la 1557._o after_o 20â—_n year_n possession_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v by_o our_o then_o king_n of_o england_n ever_o call_v the_o key_n thâ—…_n give_v their_o army_n entrance_n into_o france_n the_o place_n be_v not_o now_o of_o any_o great_a note_a traffic_n though_o it_o and_o bullen_n be_v account_v the_o best_a maritime_a port_n in_o picardy_n opposite_a to_o dover_n from_o whence_o this_o be_v seven_o league_n distant_a the_o coin_n here_o current_n be_v those_o in_o general_a of_o france_n calais_n weight_n of_o calais_n the_o weight_n here_o in_o use_n be_v three_o first_o be_v the_o weight_n proper_a of_o the_o town_n the_o 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v in_o london_n about_o 92_o l._n the_o second_o be_v call_v the_o merchant_n weight_n the_o 100_o l._n whereof_o make_v in_o london_n 113_o l._n and_o the_o 100_o subtle_a of_o london_n be_v here_o 88_o l._n the_o three_o be_v call_v the_o english_a wool_n hundred_o or_o staple_n hundred_o 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v in_o london_n about_o 89_o l._n or_o 90_o l._n about_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n different_a from_o the_o town-weight_n the_o measure_v use_v here_o be_v the_o auln_v and_o make_v in_o london_n inch_n champaign_n champaign_n the_o next_o be_v champaign_n wherein_o be_v rheims_n the_o principal_a city_n where_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v anoint_v and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o college_n for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o the_o english_a fugitive_n jesuit_n owe_v mean_v burgundy_n burgundy_n the_o next_o be_v burgundy_n famous_a for_o dijon_n which_o be_v notable_a through_o france_n for_o good_a mustard_n a_o note_n worthy_a our_o tukesbury_n bress_n bress_n the_o next_o be_v bress_n chastilion_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n and_o the_o last_o that_o i_o shall_v handle_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o under_o his_o government_n besanson_n besanson_n the_o next_o in_o order_n according_a to_o my_o method_n be_v the_o franche_fw-mi comte_n the_o principal_a city_n thereof_o be_v besanson_n which_o in_o time_n pass_v strive_v for_o precedency_n of_o trade_n with_o lion_n but_o be_v a_o inland_a town_n she_o have_v lose_v that_o honour_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n bring_v home_o great_a and_o more_o honourable_a title_n as_o famous_v abroad_o for_o good_a soldier_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o walloon_n and_o now_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o spain_n the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n be_v once_o here_o seat_v from_o cambray_n but_o the_o merchant_n be_v not_o well_o use_v return_v to_o placentia_n 100_o l._n besanson_n be_v 112_o l._n english_a lorain_n lorain_n the_o next_o be_v lorain_n the_o principal_a city_n be_v nants_n yield_v plenty_n of_o corn_n and_o wine_n store_n of_o freshwater_n fish_n and_o salt_n and_o famous_a in_o that_o it_o be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o godfrey_n surname_v of_o bulloign_n which_o win_v jerusalem_n from_o the_o saracen_n and_o be_v the_o first_o christian_n crown_v kitz_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o now_o to_o savoy_n as_o partake_v with_o the_o french_a in_o the_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o garb._n chap._n cxxxiii_o of_o savoy_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o savoy_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o the_o dukedom_n of_o savoy_n comprehend_v only_o this_o duchy_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o piedmont_n in_o the_o former_a be_v cambray_n the_o residency_n of_o the_o duke_n when_o he_o be_v in_o these_o part_n in_o the_o latter_a be_v nisa_n and_o villa-franca_n two_o seaport_n but_o not_o capacious_a nor_o safe_a for_o ship_n of_o burden_n next_o aste_n a_o great_a mart_n for_o all_o italian_a commodity_n and_o last_o
and_o fall_v together_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o hear_v our_o lawyer_n much_o condemn_v the_o vexation_n and_o charge_n by_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n do_v exceed_v all_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o christendom_n but_o whether_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o lawyer_n be_v covetousness_n or_o the_o people_n perverseness_n be_v a_o great_a question_n and_o let_v this_o be_v as_o it_o may_v i_o will_v inquire_v not_o far_o therein_o than_o our_o present_a discourse_n do_v require_v concern_v the_o decay_n of_o our_o trade_n and_o impoverish_v of_o the_o kingdom_n sure_o i_o be_o that_o suit_v in_o law_n make_v many_o a_o man_n poor_a and_o peniless_a but_o how_o it_o shall_v make_v we_o trade_n for_o less_o by_o one_o single_a penny_n i_o can_v well_o conceive_v for_o although_o among_o the_o great_a number_n of_o they_o who_o be_v vex_v and_o undo_v by_o controversy_n there_o be_v ever_o some_o merchant_n yet_o we_o know_v that_o one_o man_n necessity_n become_v another_o man_n opportunity_n i_o never_o know_v as_o yet_o a_o decay_n in_o our_o trade_n and_o treasure_n for_o want_v of_o merchant_n or_o mean_v to_o employ_v we_o but_o rather_o by_o excessive_a consumption_n of_o foreign_a ware_n at_o home_n or_o by_o a_o declination_n in_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o commodity_n abroad_o cause_v either_o by_o the_o ruinous_a effect_n of_o war_n or_o some_o alteration_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v more_o full_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n but_o to_o conclude_v with_o the_o lawyer_n i_o say_v that_o their_o noble_a profession_n be_v necessary_a to_o all_o and_o their_o case_n quillet_n delay_n and_o charge_n be_v mischievous_a to_o many_o these_o thing_n indeed_o be_v canker_n in_o the_o estate_n of_o particular_a man_n but_o not_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o some_o suppose_v for_o one_o man_n loss_n become_v another_o man_n gain_n it_o be_v still_o in_o the_o kingdom_n i_o wish_v it_o may_v as_o sure_o remain_v in_o the_o right_a place_n last_o all_o kind_n of_o bounty_n and_o pomp_n be_v not_o to_o be_v avoid_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v become_v so_o frugal_a that_o we_o will_v use_v few_o or_o no_o foreign_a ware_n how_o shall_v we_o then_o vent_v our_o own_o commodity_n what_o will_v become_v of_o our_o ship_n mariner_n munition_n our_o poor_a artificer_n and_o many_o other_o do_v we_o hope_v that_o other_o country_n will_v afford_v we_o money_n for_o all_o our_o ware_n without_o buy_v or_o batter_v for_o some_o of_o they_o this_o will_v prove_v a_o vain_a expectation_n it_o be_v more_o safe_a and_o sure_a to_o run_v a_o middle_a course_n by_o spend_v moderate_o which_o will_v purchase_v treasure_n plentiful_o again_o the_o pomp_n of_o building_n apparel_n and_o the_o like_a in_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o other_o able_a person_n can_v impoverish_v the_o kingdom_n if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o curious_a and_o costly_a work_n upon_o our_o material_n and_o by_o our_o own_o people_n it_o will_v maintain_v the_o poor_a with_o the_o purse_n of_o the_o rich_a which_o be_v the_o best_a distribution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o any_o man_n say_v that_o when_o the_o people_n want_v work_n the_o then_o fish_v trade_n will_v be_v a_o better_a employment_n and_o far_o more_o profitable_a i_o subscribe_v willing_o for_o in_o that_o great_a business_n there_o be_v mean_n enough_o to_o employ_v both_o rich_a and_o poor_a whereof_o there_o have_v be_v much_o say_v and_o write_v it_o rest_v only_o that_o something_o may_v be_v as_o well_o effect_v for_o the_o honour_n and_o wealth_n both_o of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o kingdom_n chap._n xvi_o how_o the_o revenue_n and_o incom_n of_o prince_n may_v just_o be_v raise_v now_o that_o we_o have_v set_v down_o the_o true_a course_n by_o which_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v enrich_v with_o treasure_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o way_n and_o mean_n by_o which_o a_o king_n may_v just_o share_v therein_o without_o the_o hurt_a or_o oppression_n of_o his_o subject_n the_o revenue_n of_o prince_n as_o they_o differ_v much_o in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o greatness_n riches_n and_o trade_n of_o their_o respective_a dominons_n so_o likewise_o be_v there_o great_a diversity_n use_v in_o procure_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o country_n the_o government_n law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n which_o no_o prince_n can_v alter_v but_o with_o much_o difficulty_n and_o danger_n some_o king_n have_v their_o crown-land_n the_o first_o fruit_n upon_o ecclesiastical_a live_n custom_n toll_n and_o impost_n upon_o all_o trade_n to_o and_o from_o foreign_a country_n loan_n donation_n and_o subsidy_n upon_o all_o necessary_a occasion_n other_o prince_n and_o state_n leave_v the_o three_o last_o do_v add_v unto_o the_o rest_n a_o custom_n upon_o all_o new_a ware_n transport_v from_o one_o city_n to_o be_v use_v in_o any_o other_o city_n or_o place_n of_o their_o own_o dominion_n custom_n upon_o every_o alienation_n or_o sale_n of_o live_a cattle_n land_n house_n and_o the_o portion_n or_o marriage_n money_n of_o woman_n licence-mony_n upon_o all_o victualing-house_n and_o innkeeper_n head-mony_n custom_n upon_o all_o the_o corn_n wine_n oil_n salt_n and_o the_o like_a which_o grow_v and_o be_v consume_v in_o their_o own_o dominion_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o rabble_n of_o oppression_n serve_v to_o enrich_v those_o prince_n which_o exact_v they_o and_o to_o make_v the_o people_n poor_a and_o miserable_a which_o endure_v they_o especial_o in_o those_o country_n where_o these_o burden_n be_v lay_v at_o heavy_a rate_n as_o 4_o 5_o 6_o and_z 7_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o when_o all_o the_o circumstance_n and_o distinction_n of_o place_n be_v due_o consider_v they_o will_v be_v find_v not_o only_o necessary_a and_o therefore_o lawful_a to_o be_v use_v in_o some_o state_n but_o also_o in_o divers_a respect_n very_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n first_o there_o be_v some_o state_n as_o namely_o venice_n florence_n genova_n the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n and_o other_o which_o be_v singular_a for_o beauty_n and_o excellent_a both_o for_o natural_a and_o artificial_a strength_n have_v likewise_o rich_a subject_n yet_o be_v of_o no_o very_a great_a extent_n nor_o enjoy_v such_o wealth_n by_o ordinary_a revenue_n as_o may_v support_v they_o against_o the_o sudden_a and_o powerful_a invasion_n of_o those_o mighty_a prince_n which_o do_v environ_v they_o they_o be_v therefore_o enforce_v to_o strengthen_v themselves_o not_o only_o with_o confederate_n and_o league_n which_o may_v often_o fail_v they_o in_o their_o great_a need_n but_o also_o by_o mass_v up_o store_n of_o treasure_n and_o munition_n by_o those_o extraordinary_a course_n before-written_a which_o can_v deceive_v they_o but_o will_v ever_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v a_o good_a defence_n and_o to_o offend_v or_o divert_v their_o enemy_n neither_o be_v these_o heavy_a contribution_n so_o hurtful_a to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o people_n as_o they_o be_v common_o esteem_v for_o as_o the_o food_n and_o raiment_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v make_v dear_a by_o excise_n so_o do_v the_o price_n of_o their_o labour_n rise_v in_o proportion_n whereby_o the_o burden_n if_o any_o be_v be_v still_o upon_o the_o rick_n who_o be_v either_o idle_a or_o at_o least_o work_v not_o in_o this_o kind_n yet_o have_v they_o the_o use_v and_o be_v the_o great_a consumer_n of_o the_o poor_n labour_n neither_o do_v the_o rich_a neglect_n in_o their_o several_a place_n and_o calling_n to_o advance_v their_o endeavour_n according_a to_o those_o time_n which_o do_v exhaust_v their_o mean_n and_o revenue_n wherein_o if_o they_o shall_v peradventure_o fail_v and_o therefore_o be_v force_v to_o abate_v their_o sinful_a excess_n and_o idle_a retainer_n what_o be_v all_o this_o but_o happiness_n in_o a_o common_a wealth_n when_o virtue_n plenty_n and_o art_n shall_v thus_o be_v advance_v all_o together_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o kingdom_n be_v impoverish_v where_o loss_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o gain_n of_o the_o king_n from_o who_o also_o such_o yearly_a incom_n have_v their_o annual_a issue_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o subject_n except_o only_o that_o part_n of_o the_o treasure_n which_o be_v lay_v up_o for_o the_o public_a good_a wherein_o likewise_o they_o who_o suffer_v have_v their_o safety_n and_o therefore_o such_o contribution_n be_v both_o just_a and_o profitable_a yet_o here_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o as_o the_o best_a thing_n may_v be_v corrupt_v so_o these_o tax_n may_v be_v abuse_v and_o the_o common_a wealth_n notorious_o wrong_v when_o they_o be_v vain_o waste_v and_o consume_v by_o a_o prince_n either_o upon_o unworthy_a worthy_a person_n such_o as_o deserve_v neither_o reward_n nor_o countenance_n
from_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o prince_n but_o these_o dangerous_a disorder_n be_v seldom_o see_v especial_o in_o such_o state_n as_o be_v afore-named_n because_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o public_a treasure_n be_v in_o the_o power_n and_o under_o the_o discretion_n of_o many_o neither_o be_v it_o unknown_a to_o all_o other_o principality_n and_o government_n that_o the_o end_n of_o such_o excess_n be_v ever_o ruinous_a for_o they_o cause_v great_a want_n and_o poverty_n which_o often_o drive_v they_o from_o all_o order_n to_o exorbitance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v common_a policy_n among_o prince_n to_o prevent_v such_o mischief_n with_o great_a care_n and_o providence_n by_o do_v nothing_o that_o may_v cause_v the_o nobility_n to_o despair_v of_o their_o safety_n nor_o leave_v any_o thing_n undo_v which_o may_v gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o commonalty_n to_o keep_v all_o in_o due_a obedience_n but_o now_o before_o we_o end_v this_o point_n in_o hand_n we_o must_v remember_v likewise_o that_o all_o body_n be_v not_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o constitution_n for_o that_o which_o be_v physic_n to_o one_o man_n be_v little_o better_a than_o poison_n to_o another_o tax_n some_o state_n can_v not_o subsist_v but_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o heavy_a tax_n the_o state_n afore-written_a and_o divers_a other_o like_v to_o they_o can_v subsist_v by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o extraordinary_a contribution_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v because_o they_o be_v not_o able_a otherwise_o in_o short_a time_n to_o raise_v sufficient_a treasure_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n who_o have_v power_n to_o invade_v they_o on_o the_o sudden_a as_o be_v already_o declare_v but_o a_o mighty_a prince_n who_o dominion_n be_v great_a and_o unite_a his_o subject_n many_o and_o loyal_a his_o country_n rich_a both_o by_o nature_n and_o traffic_n his_o victual_n and_o warlike_a provision_n plentiful_a and_o ready_a his_o situation_n easy_a to_o offend_v other_o and_o difficult_a to_o be_v invade_v his_o harbour_n good_a his_o navy_n strong_a his_o alliance_n powerful_a and_o his_o ordinary_a revenue_n sufficient_a subject_n prince_n who_o have_v no_o just_a cause_n to_o say_v extraordinary_a and_o heavy_a tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n royal_o to_o support_v the_o majesty_n of_o his_o state_n beside_o a_o reasonable_a sum_n which_o may_v be_v advance_v to_o lay_v up_o yearly_a in_o treasure_n for_o future_a occasion_n shall_v not_o all_o these_o blessing_n be_v well_o order_v enable_v a_o prince_n against_o the_o sudden_a invasion_n of_o any_o mighty_a enemy_n without_o impose_v those_o extraordinary_a and_o heavy_a tax_n shall_v not_o the_o wealthy_a and_o loyal_a subject_n of_o such_o a_o great_a and_o just_a prince_n maintain_v his_o honour_n and_o their_o own_o liberty_n with_o life_n and_o good_n always_o supply_v the_o treasure_n of_o their_o sovereign_n until_o by_o a_o well-ordered_a war_n he_o may_v enforce_v a_o happy_a peace_n yes_o very_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v expect_v and_o thus_o shall_v a_o mighty_a prince_n be_v more_o powerful_a in_o preserve_v the_o wealth_n and_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n than_o by_o treasure_v up_o their_o riches_n with_o unnecessary_a tax_n which_o can_v but_o alter_v and_o provoke_v they_o yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n we_o may_v easy_o contradict_v all_o this_o by_o example_n take_v from_o some_o of_o the_o great_a monarch_n in_o christendom_n who_o beside_o those_o income_n which_o here_o be_v term_v ordinary_a they_o add_v likewise_o all_o or_o the_o most_o of_o the_o other_o heavy_a contribution_n all_o which_o we_o grant_v and_o more_o for_o they_o use_v also_o to_o sell_v their_o office_n and_o place_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v a_o act_n both_o base_a and_o wicked_a because_o it_o rob_v worthy_a man_n of_o their_o merit_n and_o betray_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o innocent_a whereby_o god_n be_v displease_v the_o people_n oppress_v and_o virtue_n banish_v from_o such_o unhappy_a kingdom_n shall_v we_o then_o say_v that_o these_o thing_n be_v lawful_a and_o necessary_a because_o they_o be_v use_v god_n forbid_v we_o know_v better_o and_o we_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o these_o exaction_n be_v not_o take_v for_o a_o necessary_a defence_n of_o their_o own_o right_n but_o through_o pride_n and_o covetousness_n to_o add_v kingdom_n to_o kingdom_n and_o so_o to_o usurp_v the_o right_n of_o other_o subject_n the_o finist_a end_n which_o some_o great_a prince_n have_v in_o lay_v heavy_a tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n which_o action_n of_o impiety_n be_v ever_o shadow_v with_o some_o fair_a pretence_n of_o sanctity_n as_o be_v do_v for_o the_o catholic_n cause_n the_o propagation_n of_o the_o church_n the_o suppression_n of_o heretic_n and_o such_o like_a delusion_n serve_v only_o to_o further_a their_o own_o ambition_n whereof_o in_o this_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v needless_a to_o make_v any_o large_a discourse_n chap._n xvii_o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o great_a prince_n to_o lay_v up_o store_n of_o treasure_n before_o we_o set_v down_o the_o quantity_n of_o treasure_n which_o prince_n may_v convenient_o lay_v up_o yearly_o without_o hurt_v the_o commonwealth_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o examine_v whether_o the_o act_n itself_o of_o treasure_v be_v necessary_a for_o in_o common_a conference_n we_o ever_o find_v some_o man_n who_o do_v so_o much_o dote_v or_o hope_n upon_o the_o liberality_n of_o prince_n that_o they_o term_v it_o baseness_n and_o conceive_v it_o needless_a for_o they_o to_o lay_v up_o store_n of_o treasure_n account_v the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o great_a prince_n to_o consist_v more_o in_o their_o bounty_n than_o in_o their_o money_n which_o they_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o the_o example_n of_o caesar_n alexander_n and_o other_o who_o hate_v covetousness_n achieve_v many_o act_n and_o victory_n by_o lavish_a gift_n and_o liberal_a expense_n unto_o which_o they_o add_v also_o the_o little_a fruit_n which_o come_v by_o that_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o king_n david_n lay_v up_o and_o leave_v to_o his_o son_n solomon_n who_o notwithstanding_o this_o and_o all_o his_o other_o rich_a present_n and_o wealthy_a traffic_n in_o a_o quiet_a reign_n consume_v all_o with_o pomp_n and_o vain_a delight_n except_v only_o that_o which_o be_v spend_v in_o building_n of_o the_o temple_n whereupon_o say_v they_o if_o so_o much_o treasure_n gather_v by_o so_o just_a a_o king_n effect_v so_o little_a what_o shall_v we_o hope_v for_o by_o the_o endeavour_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o other_o prince_n sardanapalus_n leave_v ten_o million_o of_o pound_n to_o they_o that_o fly_v he_o darius_n leave_v twenty_o million_o of_o pound_n to_o alexander_n that_o take_v he_o nero_n be_v leave_v rich_a and_o extort_v much_o from_o his_o best_a subject_n give_v away_o above_o twelve_o million_o of_o pound_n to_o his_o base_a flatterer_n and_o such_o unworthy_a person_n which_o cause_v galba_n after_o he_o to_o revoke_v those_o gift_n a_o prince_n who_o have_v store_n of_o money_n hate_v peace_n despise_v the_o friendship_n of_o his_o neighbour_n and_o ally_n enter_v not_o only_o into_o unnecessary_a but_o also_o into_o dangerous_a war_n to_o ruin_v and_o overthrow_n sometime_o of_o his_o own_o estate_n all_o which_o with_o divers_a other_o weak_a argument_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o for_o brevity_n i_o omit_v make_v nothing_o against_o the_o lawful_a gathering_n and_o massing_n up_o of_o treasure_n by_o wise_a and_o provident_a prince_n if_o they_o be_v right_o understand_v for_o first_o concern_v those_o worthy_n who_o have_v obtain_v to_o the_o high_a top_n of_o honour_n and_o dignity_n by_o their_o great_a gift_n and_o expense_n who_o know_v not_o that_o this_o have_v be_v do_v rather_o upon_o the_o spoil_n of_o their_o enemy_n than_o out_o of_o their_o own_o coffer_n which_o be_v indeed_o a_o bounty_n that_o cause_v neither_o loss_n nor_o peril_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o prince_n which_o do_v not_o provident_o lay_v up_o treasure_n or_o do_v immoderate_o consume_v the_o same_o when_o they_o have_v it_o will_v sudden_o come_v to_o want_v and_o misery_n hand_n excess_n and_o bounty_n bring_v beggary_n which_o make_v most_o man_n devise_v in_o their_o head_n how_o to_o extort_v and_o get_v money_n into_o their_o hand_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o do_v so_o soon_o decayas_n excessive_a bounty_n in_o use_v whereof_o they_o want_v the_o mean_n to_o use_v it_o and_o this_o be_v king_n solomon_n case_n notwithstanding_o his_o infinite_a treasure_n which_o make_v he_o overburthen_n his_o subject_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o for_o this_o cause_n many_o of_o they_o rebel_v against_o his_o son_n rehoboam_n who_o thereby_o lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n be_v so_o gross_o mislead_v by_o his_o young_a counsellor_n therefore_o a_o prince_n that_o will_v not_o oppress_v his_o people_n and_o yet_o be_v able_a to_o
maintain_v his_o estate_n and_o defend_v his_o right_n that_o will_v not_o run_v himself_o into_o poverty_n contempt_n hate_n and_o danger_n must_v lay_v up_o treasure_n and_o be_v thrifty_a for_o further_a proof_n whereof_o i_o may_v yet_o produce_v some_o other_o example_n which_o here_o i_o do_v omit_v as_o needless_a only_o i_o will_v add_v this_o as_o a_o necessary_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o more_o treasure_n must_v be_v raise_v than_o can_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o ordinary_a tax_n it_o ought_v ever_o to_o be_v do_v with_o equality_n to_o avoid_v the_o hate_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v never_o please_v except_o their_o contribution_n be_v grant_v by_o general_a consent_n for_o which_o purpose_n the_o invention_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o excellent_a policy_n of_o government_n to_o keep_v a_o sweet_a concord_n between_o a_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n by_o restrain_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o redress_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o commons_o without_o engage_v a_o prince_n to_o adhere_v to_o either_o party_n but_o indifferent_o to_o favour_n both_o there_o can_v nothing_o be_v devise_v with_o more_o judgement_n for_o the_o common_a quiet_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o with_o great_a care_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o king_n who_o hereby_o have_v also_o good_a mean_n to_o dispatch_v those_o thing_n by_o other_o which_o will_v move_v envy_n and_o to_o execute_v that_o himself_o which_o will_v merit_v thanks_o chap._n xviii_o how_o much_o treasure_n a_o prince_n may_v convenient_o lay_v up_o yearly_o thus_o far_o we_o have_v show_v the_o ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a income_n of_o prince_n the_o conveniency_n thereof_o and_o to_o who_o only_o it_o do_v necessary_o and_o just_o belong_v to_o take_v the_o extraordinary_a contribution_n of_o their_o subject_n it_o rest_v now_o to_o examine_v what_o proportion_n of_o treasure_n each_o particular_a prince_n may_v convenient_o lay_v up_o yearly_o this_o business_n do_v seem_v at_o the_o first_o to_o be_v very_o plain_a and_o easie_n for_o if_o a_o prince_n have_v two_o million_o yearly_a revenue_n and_o spend_v but_o one_o why_o shall_v he_o not_o lay_v up_o the_o other_o indeed_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o this_o course_n be_v ordinary_a in_o the_o mean_n and_o get_n of_o private_a man_n but_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o prince_n it_o be_v far_o different_a there_o be_v other_o circumstance_n to_o be_v consider_v for_o although_o the_o revenue_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v be_v very_o great_a yearly_o foreign_a trade_n must_v give_v proportion_n to_o a_o prince_n treasure_n which_o be_v lay_v up_o yearly_o yet_o if_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v but_o small_a this_o latter_a must_v ever_o give_v rule_n and_o proportion_n to_o that_o treasure_n which_o may_v convenient_o be_v lay_v up_o yearly_o for_o if_o he_o shall_v mass_n up_o more_o money_n than_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o his_o foreign_a trade_n he_o shall_v not_o fleece_n but_o flay_v his_o subject_n and_o so_o with_o their_o ruin_n overthrow_v himself_o for_o want_n of_o future_a sheering_n to_o make_v this_o plain_a suppose_v a_o kingdom_n to_o be_v rich_a by_o nature_n and_o art_n that_o it_o may_v supply_v itself_o of_o foreign_a ware_n by_o trade_n and_o yet_o advance_v yearly_a 200000_o l._n in_o ready_a money_n next_o suppose_v all_o the_o king_n revenue_n to_o be_v 900000_o l._n and_o his_o expense_n but_o 400000_o l._n whereby_o he_o may_v lay_v up_o 300000_o l._n more_o in_o his_o coffer_n yearly_a than_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n gain_v from_o stranger_n by_o foreign_a trade_n who_o see_v not_o then_o at_o all_o the_o money_n in_o such_o a_o state_n will_v sudden_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o prince_n treasure_n whereby_o the_o life_n of_o land_n and_o art_n must_v fail_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o ruin_n both_o of_o the_o public_a and_o private_a wealth_n mony_n a_o prince_n who_o subject_n have_v but_o little_a foreign_a trade_n can_v lay_v up_o much_o mony_n so_o that_o a_o king_n who_o desire_v to_o lay_v up_o much_o money_n must_v endeavour_v by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o maintain_v and_o increase_v his_o foreign_a trade_n because_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a way_n not_o only_o to_o lead_v he_o to_o his_o own_o end_n but_o also_o to_o enrich_v his_o subject_n to_o his_o far_a benefit_n for_o a_o prince_n be_v esteem_v no_o less_o powerful_a by_o have_v many_o rich_a well_o affect_v subject_n than_o by_o possess_v much_o treasure_n in_o his_o coffer_n but_o here_o we_o must_v meet_v with_o a_o objection_n which_o peradventure_o may_v be_v make_v concern_v such_o state_n whereof_o i_o have_v former_o speak_v which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o yet_o border_v upon_o mighty_a prince_n be_v therefore_o constrain_v to_o lay_v extraordinary_a tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n whereby_o they_o procure_v to_o themselves_o very_o great_a income_n yearly_a and_o be_v rich_o provide_v against_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n yet_o have_v they_o no_o such_o great_a trade_n with_o stranger_n as_o that_o the_o over_o balance_n or_o gain_n of_o the_o same_o may_v suffice_v to_o lay_v up_o the_o one_o half_a of_o that_o which_o they_o advance_v yearly_a beside_o their_o own_o expense_n to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o still_o the_o gain_n of_o their_o foreign_a trade_n must_v be_v the_o rule_n of_o lay_v up_o their_o treasure_n the_o which_o although_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o yearly_a yet_o in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o long_a continue_a peace_n and_o be_v well_o manage_v to_o advantage_n it_o will_v become_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n able_a to_o make_v a_o long_a defence_n which_o may_v end_n or_o divert_v the_o war._n neither_o be_v all_o the_o advances_n of_o prince_n strict_o tie_v to_o be_v mass_v up_o in_o treasure_n for_o they_o have_v other_o no_o less_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a way_n to_o make_v they_o rich_a and_o powerful_a by_o issue_v out_o continual_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n of_o their_o yearly_a income_n to_o their_o subject_n from_o who_o it_o be_v first_o take_v as_o namely_o by_o employ_v they_o to_o make_v ship_n of_o war_n with_o all_o the_o provision_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o build_v and_o repair_v fort_n to_o buy_v and_o store_n up_o corn_n in_o the_o granary_n of_o each_o province_n for_o a_o year_n use_v at_o least_o aforehand_o to_o serve_v in_o occasion_n of_o dearth_n which_o can_v be_v neglect_v by_o a_o state_n but_o with_o great_a danger_n to_o erect_v bank_n with_o their_o money_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o subject_n trade_n to_o maintain_v in_o their_o pay_n colonel_n captain_n soldiers_z commander_n mariner_n and_o other_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n with_o good_a discipline_n to_o fill_v their_o storehouse_n in_o sundry_a strong_a place_n place_n munition_n for_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o state_n to_o prevent_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o by_o treachery_n in_o one_o place_n and_o to_o abound_v in_o gunpowder_n brimstone_n salt-petre_a shot_n ordnance_n musket_n sword_n pike_n armour_n horse_n and_o in_o many_o other_o such_o like_a provision_n fit_v for_o war_n all_o which_o will_v make_v they_o to_o be_v fear_v abroad_o and_o love_v at_o home_n especial_o if_o care_n be_v take_v that_o all_o as_o near_o as_o possible_a be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o manufacture_n of_o their_o own_o subject_n which_o bear_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o yearly_a contribution_n for_o a_o prince_n in_o this_o case_n be_v like_o the_o stomach_n in_o the_o body_n which_o if_o it_o cease_v to_o digest_v and_o distribute_v to_o the_o other_o member_n it_o do_v no_o soon_o corrupt_v they_o but_o it_o destroy_v itself_o thus_o we_o have_v see_v that_o a_o small_a state_n may_v lay_v up_o a_o great_a wealth_n in_o necessary_a provision_n which_o be_v prince_n jewel_n no_o less_o precious_a than_o their_o treasure_n for_o in_o time_n of_o need_n they_o be_v ready_a and_o can_v otherwise_o be_v have_v in_o some_o place_n on_o the_o sudden_a whereby_o a_o state_n may_v be_v lose_v whilst_o munition_n be_v in_o provide_v so_o that_o we_o may_v account_v that_o prince_n as_o poor_a who_o can_v have_v no_o ware_n to_o buy_v at_o his_o need_n as_o he_o that_o have_v no_o money_n to_o buy_v ware_n for_o although_o treasure_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o the_o war_n yet_o this_o be_v so_o because_o it_o do_v provide_v unite_v and_o move_v the_o power_n of_o man_n victual_n and_o munition_n where_o and_o when_o the_o cause_n do_v require_v but_o if_o these_o thing_n be_v want_v in_o due_a time_n what_o shall_v we_o then_o do_v with_o our_o money_n the_o consideration_n of_o this_o do_v cause_n divers_a well-governed_a state_n to_o be_v exceed_o provident_a and_o well_o furnish_v of_o such_o provision_n especial_o those_o
and_o duty_n i_o owe_v to_o my_o native_a country_n england_n l._n roberts_n the_o merchant_n map_n of_o commerce_n chap._n i._n the_o description_n of_o country_n conducible_a to_o the_o description_n of_o city_n and_o town_n of_o traffic_n traffic_n the_o description_n of_o country_n conduce_v to_o the_o description_n of_o city_n and_o town_n of_o traffic_n before_o i_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n and_o before_o i_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o these_o town_n and_o city_n of_o traffic_n which_o here_o i_o intend_v to_o handle_v i_o must_v of_o necessity_n for_o method-sake_n first_o by_o a_o cursory_a draught_n describe_v the_o country_n kingdom_n and_o province_n wherein_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v situate_v and_o place_v and_o to_o do_v the_o same_o orderly_a and_o as_o the_o subject_n require_v it_o be_v fit_a i_o shall_v survey_v the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v or_o may_v be_v perform_v which_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v note_v only_o to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geography_n which_o in_o itself_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v a_o knowledge_n so_o needful_a and_o requisite_a for_o a_o merchant_n factor_n or_o any_o other_o active_a person_n who_o occasion_n may_v draw_v he_o to_o see_v or_o abide_v in_o foreign_a part_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v neglect_v nor_o omit_v neither_o be_v it_o hold_v only_o necessary_a to_o such_o as_o manage_v private_a affair_n by_o merchandize_v as_o merchant_n or_o factor_n who_o be_v lead_v thereto_o by_o the_o motive_n profit_n but_o also_o such_o person_n as_o be_v more_o eminent_a and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o great_a quality_n who_o motive_n be_v the_o public_a affair_n of_o prince_n as_o ambassador_n or_o pleasure_n and_o delight_n by_o travel_v as_o gentltman_n who_o motive_n may_v be_v proper_o term_v curiosity_n of_o mind_n and_o search_v of_o novelty_n whicd_v last_n by_o observe_v the_o fashion_n and_o manner_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o the_o government_n and_o policy_n of_o those_o kingdom_n do_v dot_v only_o very_o much_o benefit_v themselves_o but_o better_a their_o udnerstanding_n thereby_o make_v their_o knowledge_n more_o capable_a of_o either_o public_a or_o private_a employment_n when_o they_o return_v to_o their_o native_a house_n the_o like_a i_o conceive_v the_o ingenious_a merchant_n or_o factor_n may_v if_o he_o please_v do_v for_o be_v in_o his_o young_a year_n employ_v abroad_o in_o merchandize_v he_o may_v by_o well_o husband_v his_o merchantile_fw-la employment_n and_o time_n join_v a_o future_a benefit_n of_o mind_n to_o a_o present_a profit_n of_o estate_n and_o by_o a_o provident_a judgement_n and_o a_o judicious_a providence_n so_o manage_v his_o idle_a hour_n and_o vacant_a time_n that_o he_o fit_v his_o capacity_n not_o only_o wise_o to_o undertake_v and_o discreet_o to_o undergo_v but_o also_o skilful_o to_o perform_v the_o great_a employment_n that_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o state_n or_o kingdom_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o rare_a or_o extraordinary_a thing_n to_o find_v those_o that_o have_v have_v their_o education_n thus_o to_o have_v prove_v not_o only_o good_a comman-wealths-man_n but_o also_o excellent_a statesman_n our_o own_o country_n have_v afford_v some_o example_n in_o all_o age_n but_o in_o other_o country_n many_o more_o be_v daily_o find_v for_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o from_o this_o school_n those_o ripe_a and_o mature_a judgement_n have_v spring_v up_o that_o in_o many_o country_n abroad_o have_v give_v sufficient_a testimony_n to_o the_o world_n of_o their_o excellent_a ability_n this_o way_n and_o that_o the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v together_o with_o the_o frequent_v of_o foreign_a country_n at_o the_o first_o to_o that_o end_n have_v afterward_o rather_o further_v than_o any_o way_n backward_v their_o ability_n to_o undertake_v and_o judicious_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o commonwealth_n merchandize_v the_o first_o school_n of_o the_o present_a government_n of_o many_o commonwealth_n the_o ancient_a policy_n and_o present_a flourish_a continuance_n of_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n the_o politic_a and_o rich_a estate_n of_o the_o netherlands_o the_o opulent_a and_o eminent_a quality_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n the_o wealthy_a well-governed_a hans-town_n in_o germany_n and_o many_o more_o which_o i_o can_v nominate_v make_v good_a this_o assertion_n for_o in_o all_o these_o merchandize_v be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o school_n from_o whence_o they_o gather_v their_o first_o principle_n and_o indeed_o the_o chief_a foundation_n upon_o which_o their_o fabric_n of_o political_a government_n be_v raise_v the_o scale_n by_o which_o their_o counsel_n be_v frame_v and_o the_o pillar_n by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v see_v to_o be_v support_v and_o maintain_v how_o excellent_a be_v it_o then_o for_o a_o merchant_n that_o have_v another_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a end_n of_o his_o travel_n so_o to_o employ_v his_o time_n and_o spend_v his_o hour_n as_o that_o he_o may_v at_o pleasure_n without_o cost_n or_o charge_n reap_v that_o benefit_n to_o himself_o which_o other_o purposely_o come_v to_o learn_v and_o painful_o labour_v for_o with_o great_a expense_n of_o time_n and_o money_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o be_v peradventure_o destitute_a of_o those_o help_n and_o furtherance_n which_o merchant_n and_o factor_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o abode_n or_o vocation_n do_v continual_o enjoy_v and_o who_o return_n as_o ignorant_o home_n perchance_o as_o they_o go_v out_o or_o happy_o furnish_v with_o some_o such_o cursory_a speculation_n as_o reach_v not_o into_o the_o depth_n of_o such_o policy_n of_o government_n as_o the_o real_a intent_n of_o their_o travel_n do_v true_o require_v whereas_o the_o merchant_n that_o come_v thither_o not_o purposely_o to_o that_o end_n but_o to_o benefit_v himself_o as_o a_o merchant_n may_v gather_v and_o lay_v up_o those_o his_o observation_n obtain_v as_o pastime_n and_o collect_v as_o recreation_n which_o will_v further_o and_o furnish_v he_o afterward_o either_o by_o discourse_n for_o pleasure_n or_o by_o necessity_n for_o profit_n and_o commodity_n when_o he_o shall_v please_v to_o publish_v his_o secret_a treasure_n and_o put_v the_o same_o in_o practice_n merchant_n geography_n delightful_a profitable_a and_o necessary_a to_o the_o merchant_n geography_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v then_o grant_v to_o be_v both_o a_o profit_n and_o a_o pleasure_n to_o all_o and_o special_o to_o the_o merchant_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v useful_a also_o for_o though_o we_o live_v in_o this_o island_n acknowledge_v none_o for_o merchant_n but_o such_o as_o adventure_v their_o estate_n at_o sea_n and_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v account_v for_o real_a merchant_n yet_o those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o this_o profession_n and_o see_v in_o this_o art_n know_v also_o that_o there_o be_v merchant_n likewise_o that_o have_v their_o residence_n in_o continent_n where_o neither_o sea_n be_v know_v nor_o yet_o navigable_a river_n sound_v yet_o for_o all_o this_o supply_v with_o land-carriage_n of_o horse_n mule_n and_o camel_n by_o industry_n and_o labour_n what_o nature_n and_o our_o habitation_n do_v free_o afford_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o encompass_v sea_n in_o ship_n and_o these_o be_v observe_v and_o find_v to_o travel_v by_o land_n in_o company_n and_o caravan_n with_o their_o merchandise_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o as_o we_o do_v by_o sea_n in_o ship_n and_o fleet_n pay_v their_o duty_n custom_n and_o toll_v upon_o the_o entry_n and_o confine_n of_o every_o several_a prince_n dominion_n merchant_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o knowledge_n to_o merchant_n how_o then_o shall_v this_o land-travelling_a merchant_n know_v who_o kingdom_n he_o be_v in_o what_o prince_n command_v or_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o that_o ground_n he_o tread_v upon_o but_o by_o a_o speculation_n herein_o whereby_o shall_v he_o know_v what_o way_n he_o have_v rid_v and_o travel_v where_o neither_o mile_n nor_o league_n be_v account_v or_o in_o use_n but_o by_o this_o how_o shall_v he_o know_v which_o way_n his_o course_n lie_v where_o neither_o path_n nor_o highway_n be_v find_v to_o direct_v he_o nor_o guide_v to_o inform_v he_o or_o how_o far_o he_o have_v yet_o to_o go_v in_o that_o prince_n dominion_n but_o by_o this_o how_o shall_v he_o know_v what_o river_n run_v in_o his_o way_n what_o strait_n or_o mountain_n he_o have_v to_o pass_v over_o but_o by_o this_o nay_o hereby_o he_o be_v instruct_v whether_o those_o stream_n be_v great_a or_o small_a and_o whether_o passable_a by_o boat_n bridge_n or_o ford_n and_o by_o this_o also_o what_o plain_n wood_n and_o hill_n with_o their_o extent_n fertility_n and_o confinement_n the_o better_a to_o provide_v for_o his_o accommodation_n and_o the_o necessary_n of_o his_o journey_n as_o also_o what_o city_n and_o town_n
confer_v and_o treat_v together_o concern_v merchandize_v ship_n buy_v or_o sell_v and_o the_o like_a as_o be_v see_v to_o be_v the_o royal_a exchange_n of_o london_n the_o burse_n in_o antwerp_n the_o piazza_fw-it in_o venetia_n and_o the_o like_a in_o other_o place_n custom-house_n the_o custom-house_n the_o second_o place_n be_v it_o where_o the_o prince_n custom_n and_o duty_n upon_o all_o ware_n either_o import_v or_o export_v by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n be_v see_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o collect_v where_o officer_n be_v appoint_v to_o attend_v the_o same_o and_o where_o all_o writ_n as_o cocket_n bill_n of_o entry_n cetificate_n and_o the_o like_a be_v grant_v both_o to_o load_v and_o land_n good_n either_o go_v out_o or_o come_n in_o and_o these_o be_v call_v by_o several_a name_n as_o in_o most_o place_n custom-house_n dattio_n commercios_fw-la and_o the_o like_a commodity_n magazine_n for_o commodity_n the_o three_o place_n be_v it_o where_o merchant_n do_v keep_v their_o good_n and_o ware_n in_o where_o weigher_n porter_n carman_n and_o labourer_n do_v hourly_o attend_v to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n where_o broker_n and_o contracter_n be_v daily_o employ_v in_o make_v of_o bargain_n show_v of_o ware_n transport_v of_o bill_n of_o debt_n and_o such_o like_a as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o besiston_n and_o basars_n in_o turkey_n alfondoces_n in_o barbary_n pack_v house_n in_o the_o netherlands_o and_o as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o stillard_n in_o london_n kings-beam_n kings-beam_n the_o next_o place_n be_v it_o where_o the_o public_a beam_n be_v set_v up_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o weigh_v all_o ponderous_a commodity_n buy_v or_o sell_v to_o decide_v difference_n and_o controversy_n arise_v by_o weight_n and_o weigh_v and_o where_o a_o swear_a weigher_n with_o labourer_n at_o all_o hour_n attend_v upon_o merchant_n occasion_n and_o who_o by_o his_o place_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o all_o commodity_n weigh_v to_o serve_v if_o need_n shall_v so_o require_v and_o in_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o weight_n house_n call_v the_o kings-beam_n in_o london_n the_o dumb_a at_o amsterdam_n the_o vicont_n in_o roven_n the_o romano_n in_o marsilia_n and_o such_o like_a in_o other_o place_n of_o trade_n met-house_n met-house_n the_o next_o and_o last_o place_n be_v it_o where_o the_o public_a measure_n both_o of_o length_n of_o dry_a and_o of_o liquid_a commodity_n in_o every_o city_n be_v keep_v and_o set_v up_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o measure_v all_o measurable_a commodity_n buy_v or_o sell_v to_o decide_v all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n arise_v thereabouts_o and_o where_o a_o swear_a measurer_n be_v to_o give_v attendance_n with_o other_o necessary_a helper_n at_o all_o hour_n to_o dispatch_v merchant_n occasion_n of_o which_o he_o be_v to_o keep_v a_o register_n to_o serve_v in_o time_n of_o need_n as_o be_v see_v of_o old_a to_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o cheap_a in_o london_n and_o as_o be_v find_v the_o like_a in_o other_o place_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o city_n and_o town_n in_o general_a of_o trade_n and_o of_o the_o principal_a place_n find_v therein_o which_o have_v a_o dependence_n thereupon_o which_o few_o city_n in_o the_o world_n of_o traffic_n do_v want_n or_o be_v find_v to_o be_v defective_a in_o chap._n iu._n of_o custom_n imposition_n and_o other_o duty_n in_o general_a pay_v by_o merchant_n upon_o commodity_n in_o all_o city_n of_o trade_n prince_n custom_n payable_a to_o prince_n trade_n in_o itself_o have_v ever_o be_v find_v to_o be_v not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o the_o city_n and_o country_n where_o the_o same_o be_v exercise_v and_o preserve_v but_o also_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o sovereign_n who_o command_v the_o same_o and_o though_o the_o commodity_n and_o benefit_n that_o it_o bring_v with_o it_o be_v many_o and_o great_a yet_o the_o principal_a be_v such_o as_o accrue_v to_o the_o prince_n coffer_n come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o payment_n of_o certain_a custom_n impost_n and_o duty_n that_o be_v by_o they_o impose_v upon_o all_o commodity_n and_o ware_n which_o by_o the_o way_n of_o merchandise_n be_v either_o import_v out_o or_o export_v into_o their_o dominion_n and_o for_o the_o better_a raise_n and_o collect_v of_o which_o there_o be_v seat_v as_o be_v before_o remember_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n and_o their_o authority_n in_o every_o such_o city_n and_o town_n where_o any_o trade_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n be_v find_v to_o be_v certain_a public_a house_n custom-house_n custom-house_n as_o office_n by_o the_o name_n of_o custom-house_n where_o these_o duty_n be_v collect_v and_o where_o the_o trader_n and_o merchant_n do_v according_o pay_v and_o satisfy_v the_o same_o place_n custom_n not_o always_o alike_o in_o all_o place_n the_o duty_n then_o of_o custom_n though_o in_o all_o country_n it_o be_v general_o pay_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o always_o find_v to_o be_v pay_v alike_o in_o all_o place_n for_o it_o be_v sometime_o find_v to_o be_v more_o and_o sometime_o less_o and_o ofttimes_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o impose_v the_o same_o as_o be_v partly_o a_o prerogative_n inherent_a to_o their_o sceptre_n and_o partly_o as_o they_o be_v absolute_a commander_n in_o those_o city_n port_n and_o havens_n where_o this_o traffic_n be_v so_o exercise_v commodity_n custom_n due_a upon_o all_o commodity_n and_o be_v find_v to_o be_v payable_a as_o i_o say_v before_o upon_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n use_v by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n either_o import_v or_o export_v out_o or_o into_o their_o dominion_n country_n and_o city_n custom_n the_o original_n of_o custom_n this_o duty_n then_o thus_o call_v custom_n be_v conceive_v by_o some_o to_o have_v its_o first_o original_a from_o a_o safeguard_n give_v by_o those_o prince_n at_o sea_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o merchant_n from_o all_o rover_n pirate_n and_o enemy_n and_o a_o protection_n for_o free_a trade_n from_o all_o such_o danger_n from_o one_o port_n or_o city_n of_o trade_n to_o another_o but_o we_o see_v that_o in_o these_o day_n the_o payment_n of_o the_o duty_n be_v still_o continue_a and_o be_v daily_o pay_v by_o all_o merchant_n but_o the_o first_o institution_n and_o ground_n thereof_o if_o so_o it_o be_v be_v by_o many_o prince_n either_o total_o omit_v or_o at_o least_o wise_a forget_v and_o therefore_o it_o may_v now_o be_v more_o proper_o call_v a_o custom_n than_o heretofore_o and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o same_o be_v pay_v and_o collect_v call_v thence_o custom-house_n they_o the_o merchant_n must_v learn_v what_o the_o custom_n be_v and_o due_o pay_v they_o the_o merchant_n than_o that_o intend_v to_o negociate_v and_o traffic_n into_o any_o city_n or_o kingdom_n see_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n in_o the_o payment_n and_o discharge_v thereof_o ought_v first_o diligent_o and_o careful_o learn_v and_o observe_v the_o sum_n and_o quantity_n payable_a upon_o all_o commodity_n whatsoever_o and_o then_o true_o and_o honest_o satisfy_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o proceed_n use_v respective_o in_o those_o country_n partly_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o commodity_n the_o nonpayment_n be_v in_o many_o place_n the_o forfeiture_n and_o partly_o the_o better_a thereby_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n either_o to_o buy_v or_o sell_v or_o profit_n and_o that_o before_o he_o make_v entry_n of_o any_o good_n in_o the_o say_a custom_n house_n or_o office_n thus_o appoint_v for_o the_o collect_v of_o this_o duty_n he_o take_v notice_n what_o the_o true_a and_o right_a custom_n in_o itself_o be_v rate_n book_n of_o rate_n to_o further_a which_o knowledge_n it_o be_v often_o see_v that_o a_o settle_a rate_n by_o book_n or_o particular_a teriffe_n either_o in_o print_n or_o write_n may_v easy_o in_o every_o such_o city_n of_o trade_n be_v have_v and_o obtain_v but_o if_o as_o it_o be_v sometime_o see_v in_o some_o place_n that_o the_o same_o can_v be_v have_v than_o the_o trader_n must_v learn_v in_o this_o case_n from_o other_o what_o the_o duty_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n be_v wherein_o much_o care_n and_o circumspection_n be_v to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o fraud_n and_o pole_v deceit_n that_o be_v practise_v in_o sundry_a custom-house_n by_o many_o officer_n where_o no_o such_o book_n be_v public_a be_v excessive_a when_o either_o they_o collect_v the_o same_o to_o the_o immediate_a use_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o when_o they_o collect_v the_o same_o to_o their_o own_o use_n be_v let_v out_o to_o farm_n by_o contract_n and_o yearly_a rent_n unto_o they_o by_o his_o authority_n many_o merchant_n be_v deceive_v by_o their_o device_n and_o slight_n many_o under-officer_n and_o
0_o 10_o 4_o 2_o 7½_n 2_o 8½_n 4_o 6_o double_a stiver_n 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o 1â—_n 0_o 1â—_n 0_o 12_o cross_n dollar_n 0_o 18_o 0_o 4_o 3_o 4_o 4¾_n 2_o 0_o zealand_n dollar_n 0_o 13_o 0_o 2_o 8_o 2_o 9_o 0_o 1_o single_a milre_a of_o portugal_n 0_o 7_o 4_o 1_o 9½_n 1_o 10¼_n 1_o 0_o old_a phil._n dollar_n 1_o 2_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 5_o 2_o 0_o 1_o portugal_n testoon_n 0_o 5_o 0_o 1_o 2d_o 1_o 3â—_n 0_o 12½_n far._n dollar_n 1623._o 0_o 18_o 6_o 1_o 3¾_n 4_o 5½_n 0_o 10½_n prince_n orange_n dollar_n 1623._o 0_o 18_o 6_o 4_o 4¼_n 4_o 6_o 0_o 9½_n leopold_n dollar_n of_o 1624._o 0_o 18_o 2_o 4_o 4_o 4_o 5¼_n 0_o 10_o rodolph_n dollar_n of_o 1607._o 0_o 18_o 7_o 4_o 4½_n 4_o 6¼_n 0_o 4_o max_n emp._n dollor_n 1616._o 0_o 18_o 2_o 4_o 5¼_n 4_o 7_o 0_o 13_o danish_a dollar_n 1620._o 0_o 13_o 0_o 3_o 0â—_n 3_o 1â—_n 0_o 0½_n half_o a_o new_a french_a crown_n 0_o 8_o 18_o 2_o 2d_o 2_o 3â—_n 0_o 0½_n a_o new_a quart_n card._n 0_o 4_o 9_o 1_o 1â—_n 1_o 1â—_n 0_o 0½_n the_o â…“_n of_o a_o new_a card._n 0_o 1_o 11_o 0_o 4½_n 0_o 4½_n the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n the_o weight_n by_o troy_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n the_o value_n intrinsic_a  _fw-fr car._n gr_n  _fw-fr dw_n gr_n l._n s._n d._n l._n s._n d._n worse_a 0_o 0¼_n french_a lewes_n 8_o 14_o 1_o 8_o 7â—_n 1_o 9_o 2_o worse_a 0_o 0¼_n holland_n rider_n 6_o 10½_n 1_o 1_o 6¼_n 1_o 1_o 11_o better_a 1_o 2_o hungary_n ducket_n 2_o 6_o 0_o 8_o 0½_n 0_o 8_o 2¼_n worse_o 0_o 0½_n pistolet_n of_o spain_n 4_o 8_o 0_o 14_o 5¼_n 0_o 14_o 8½_n 2_o 0_o flemish_a alber_n 3_o 8_o 0_o 10_o 11_o 0_o 11_o 1½_n 3_o 1_o flemish_a half_a alber_n 1_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 0_o 0¼_n double_a sow_n of_o flanders_n 7_o 3½_n 1_o 3_o 10¾_n 1_o 4_o 3½_n 0_o 1¾_n italian_a pistolet_n 4_o 6_o 0_o 13_o 11½_n 0_o 14_o 2¼_n 4_o 2½_n the_o gilder_n of_o 2_o 3_o 0_o 5_o 7_o 0_o 5_o 8_o 3_o 1¾_n gilled_a matth._n emperor_n 2_o 3_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 0_o 6_o 1½_n 3_o 2¾_n gilled_a of_o norimberg_n 2_o 3_o 0_o 5_o 11¼_n 0_o 6_o 0¾_n 0_o 0â—_n milre_a of_o portu_fw-la 7_o 12_o 1_o 5_o 0â—_n 1_o 5_o 6_o better_a 1_o 3½_n venice_n chequeen_n 2_o 5_o 0_o 8_o 0¼_n 0_o 8_o 2_o a_o table_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n weight_v of_o several_a nation_n take_v from_o the_o standard_n and_o compare_v with_o the_o denarius_fw-la or_o pound_n troy_n english_a consist_v of_o 5760_o grain_n such_o part_n or_o grain_n of_o the_o english_a standard_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n or_o of_o the_o troy_n weight_n as_o the_o denarius_fw-la consularis_fw-la contain_v 62_o according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o best_a coin_n or_o according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o congius_fw-la of_o vespasian_n 62â…˜_n grain_n the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a roman_a ounce_n contain_v 438_o grain_n the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a roman_a pound_n consist_v of_o twelve_o ounce_n contain_v 5256_o grain_n the_o troy_n pound_n or_o english_a standard_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n 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ounce_n 412½_n gr_n the_o pound_n or_o standard_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n at_o florence_n pisa_n and_o legorn_n 5286_o gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o florence_n pisa_n and_o legorn_n 440â—_n gr_n the_o pound_n or_o standard_n at_o sienna_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n 5178_o gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o sienna_n 431½_n gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o genoa_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n 405½_n gr_n the_o turkish_a ok_v or_o oak_n at_o constantinople_n consist_v of_o four_o hundred_o silver_n dram_n 19128_o grain_n the_o silver_n dram_n general_o use_v in_o the_o great_a turk_n dominion_n as_o also_o in_o persia_n and_o in_o the_o mogul_n country_n if_o i_o be_v not_o misinform_v 47_o 41_o 50_o gr_n the_o turkish_a sultani_n or_o egyptian_a xeriff_n be_v a_o gold-coyn_n with_o which_o the_o barbary_n and_o venetian_a chequeen_n and_o norimberg_n ducat_n within_o a_o grain_n more_o or_o less_o agree_v 53½_n gr_n the_o ratel_n or_o rotulo_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o 144_o dram_n at_o cairo_n 6886â—_n d_z the_o ratel_n or_o rotulo_n for_o silk_n of_o 720_o dram_n at_o damascus_n with_o which_o i_o suppose_v they_o there_o former_o weigh_v their_o gold_n and_o silver_n because_o most_o country_n use_v the_o same_o weight_n for_o silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n 34430â…–_n gr_n the_o standard_n for_o gold_n an._n 1577._o be_v 23_o carot_n 3_o grain_n and_o ½_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o ½_n grain_n of_o silver_n or_o copper_n 12_o oz._n of_o gold_n of_o the_o say_a fineness_n be_v value_v at_o 36_o l._n 1_o oz._n of_o the_o same_o 3_o l._n 1_o ke_n of_o the_o same_o 1_o l._n 10._o 1_o ke_n grain_n 7_o s._n 6._o 1_o peny_n weight_n 3_o s._n 1_o small_a grain_n 1_o d._n ½_n ob_fw-la 1_o carot_n upon_o the_o ounce_n be_v in_o value_n 2_o s._n 6_o d._n 1_o carot_n be_v in_o value_n 7_o d._n ½_n ob_fw-la 1_o small_a grain_n 1_o d._n ½_n ob_fw-la 12_o oz._n of_o angel_n of_o gold_n have_v in_o they_o half_o a_o carot_n grain_n of_o alloy_n which_o be_v 30_o small_a and_o 5730_o small_a grain_n of_o fine_a gold_n which_o make_v together_o 5760_o grain_n be_v 24_o carot_n or_o 12_o oz._n troy_n the_o standard_n of_o crown_n gold_n be_v 22_o carot_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o 2_o carot_n of_o alloy_n which_o 24_o carot_n or_o 11_o oz._n fine_a gold_n and_o 102_o of_o alloy_n make_v the_o pound_n troy_n by_o which_o reckon_n 12_o oz._n of_o crown_n gold_n be_v in_o money_n 33_o l._n 1_o oz._n of_o the_o say_a gold_n be_v 2_o l._n 15_o s._n 1_o carot_n of_o the_o say_a gold_n be_v 1_o l._n 7_o s._n 6._o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o gold_n be_v in_o value_n by_o the_o ounce_n according_a as_o it_o be_v in_o fineness_n that_o be_v to_o say_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n the_o ounce_n of_o fine_a gold_n be_v in_o value_n 3_o 0_o 0_o 23_o ke_n fine_a 2_o 17_o 6_o 22_o ke_n 2_o 15_o 0_o 21_o ke_n 2_o 12_o 6_o 20_o ke_n 2_o 10_o 0_o and_o so_o lose_v its_o value_n 2_o s._n 6._o d._n per_fw-la ounce_n as_o it_o want_v a_o carot_n in_o fineness_n in_o 24._o or_o pound_n troy_n king_n james_n by_o proclamation_n date_v at_o westminster_n 16_o nou._n 2d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n appoint_v several_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o one_o standard_n with_o their_o weight_n according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o mint-man_n of_o both_o nation_n which_o be_v express_v in_o this_o follow_a table_n note_v that_o the_o pound_n troy_n be_v great_a than_o the_o pound_n scotch_a by_o 4_o penny_n weight_n and_o 9_o gr_n  _fw-fr english_fw-fr weight_n  _fw-fr s._n d._n peny_n with_o 20._o grain_n 24._o mite_n 20._o droit_n 24._o perot_n 20._o blank_n 24._o piece_n of_o gold_n 20_o  _fw-fr 6_o 10_o 16_o 18_o 10_o  _fw-fr 10_o  _fw-fr 3_o 5_o 8_o 9_o 5_o  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 1_o 14_o 14_o 4_o 12_o 12_o 4_o  _fw-fr 1_o 6_o 19_o 8_o 10_o  _fw-fr 2_o 6_o 0_o 19_o 7_o 2_o 6_o 6_o piece_n of_o silver_n 5_o  _fw-fr 19_o 8_o 10_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 6_o 9_o 16_o 5_o 4_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 3_o 20_o 18_o 1_o 10_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 1_o 22_o 9_o 0_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 0_o 15_o 9_o 16_o 5_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 0_o 7_o 14_o 20_o 2_o 12_o  _fw-fr ½_n 0_o 3_o 17_o 10_o 1_o 6_o  _fw-fr scotch_a weight_n  _fw-fr deny_v grain_n 24._o prime_n 24._o second_o 24._o three_o 24._o fourths_o 24._o  _fw-fr piece_n of_o gold_n 7_o 21_o
allowance_n to_o rectify_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o equality_n and_o true_a value_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o be_v true_o see_v practise_v where_o a_o course_n of_o quiet_a traffic_n be_v settle_v between_o two_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n continue_v in_o amity_n and_o firm_a peace_n together_o but_o where_o prince_n either_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o war_n or_o accidental_a great_a disbursement_n have_v occasion_n or_o do_v use_v to_o inhanse_v the_o current_a rate_n of_o their_o money_n in_o their_o payment_n or_o decry_v they_o in_o the_o receipt_n and_o that_o money_n by_o that_o either_o casual_a or_o constant_a course_n become_v either_o more_o plentiful_a or_o more_o scarce_o than_o ordinary_a than_o these_o rule_n of_o parity_n hold_v not_o so_o just_o prince_n the_o exchanger_n rectifi_v the_o disorder_n of_o mint_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o prince_n yet_o ever_o so_o as_o have_v in_o its_o self_n a_o predominant_a power_n over_o the_o sudden_a affair_n of_o prince_n in_o matter_n of_o money_n and_o with_o all_o expedition_n possible_a rectify_v by_o a_o common_a knowledge_n and_o consent_n of_o exchange_n and_o banker_n the_o error_n or_o necessity_n of_o prince_n and_o their_o mint_n who_o indeed_o be_v the_o sovereign_n of_o all_o coin_n and_o money_n so_o that_o though_o the_o exchanger_n be_v not_o call_v to_o the_o prince_n counsel_n nor_o yet_o admit_v to_o give_v his_o opinion_n and_o verdict_n either_o in_o his_o mint_n or_o in_o the_o allay_n of_o his_o current_a money_n nor_o yet_o to_o his_o proclamation_n and_o decree_n in_o the_o settle_n or_o rectify_v of_o the_o goodness_n or_o current_n value_v thereof_o yet_o the_o overrule_a part_n or_o balance_n be_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o order_n by_o a_o invisible_a mystery_n of_o a_o visible_a exchange_n the_o allay_n value_n debasement_n or_o inhansement_n thereof_o with_o the_o allowance_n circumstance_n place_n and_o 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exchange_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o i_o shall_v show_v this_o true_a parr_n of_o exchange_n and_o howit_n may_v be_v find_v out_o and_o discern_v in_o all_o exchange_n experience_n have_v make_v it_o evident_a to_o all_o the_o learned_a in_o this_o art_n that_o the_o true_a royal_a exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v fair_o and_o substantial_o ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a country_n according_a to_o the_o parr_n which_o by_o banker_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v value_n for_o value_n as_o the_o truth_n thereof_o be_v see_v in_o our_o exchange_n in_o england_n which_o have_v its_o ground_n upon_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a english_a money_n the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o each_o other_o country_n according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n proportionable_a in_o the_o valuation_n be_v true_o and_o just_o make_v give_v also_o thereby_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n in_o and_o for_o every_o place_n according_a to_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o money_n and_o by_o which_o all_o exchange_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v in_o themselves_o frame_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v but_o beside_o this_o real_a parr_n of_o exchange_n there_o be_v also_o a_o merchant_n parr_n which_o in_o due_a place_n i_o shall_v declare_v these_o exchange_n then_o in_o the_o general_a property_n thereof_o do_v much_o differ_v both_o in_o the_o name_n and_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o the_o silver_n observe_v in_o most_o country_n and_o that_o to_o set_v down_o the_o parr_n of_o exchange_n exact_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o our_o own_o weight_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a with_o the_o weight_n of_o other_o country_n but_o also_o the_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a standard_n with_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o several_a standard_n of_o the_o coîn_n of_o other_o country_n and_o if_o we_o be_v find_v not_o to_o differ_v with_o they_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o hereby_o shall_v we_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n of_o our_o pound_n sterling_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n germany_n low-countries_n eastland_n and_o elsewhere_o we_o be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o we_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n doller_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o imaginary_a or_o real_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_n and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o be_v call_v by_o exchanger_n as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o parr_n the_o which_o shall_v in_o all_o exchange_n be_v so_o particular_o know_v and_o consider_v that_o as_o money_n be_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n within_o the_o realm_n between_o man_n and_o man_n so_o shall_v exchange_n thus_o make_v for_o these_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a country_n for_o all_o commodity_n either_o buy_v or_o sell_v which_o therefore_o necessary_o require_v a_o certainty_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o parr_n aforesaid_a admit_v nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o advantage_n upon_o the_o farne_n upon_o good_a ground_n and_o just_a occasion_n on_o either_o side_n exchanger_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n but_o as_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v at_o this_o day_n see_v to_o be_v at_o the_o only_a and_o sole_a disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n and_o merchant_n and_o that_o the_o same_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o predominancy_n in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v observe_v especial_o beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o ought_v they_o careful_o and_o circumspect_o to_o consider_v the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o and_o not_o only_o look_v upon_o the_o present_a object_n which_o be_v to_o know_v how_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n go_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o deal_v therewith_o but_o also_o true_o to_o consider_v the_o reality_n of_o this_o parr_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o it_o self_n real_o find_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v both_o here_o in_o england_n and_o abroad_o elsewhere_o beyond_o sea_n that_o those_o who_o altogether_o do_v practice_v this_o exchange_v and_o deal_v for_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v this_o observation_n therein_o for_o they_o be_v exchanger_n indeed_o know_v perfect_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n both_o of_o our_o english_a and_o of_o foreign_a coin_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o together_o make_v thereby_o to_o themselves_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o the_o parr_n aforesaid_a wherein_o they_o be_v not_o direct_v by_o the_o current_a valuation_n of_o coin_n which_o be_v often_o see_v to_o be_v inconstant_a and_o uncertain_a nor_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n go_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o place_n current_a above_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o this_o indeed_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o mysterious_a part_n that_o be_v include_v in_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v which_o the_o merchant_n ought_v considerate_o to_o learn_v and_o distinguish_v and_o conclude_v here_o all_o further_a observation_n and_o circumstance_n practise_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n among_o merchant_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o what_o be_v here_o purposely_o omit_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o i_o have_v insert_v what_o i_o have_v conceive_v to_o be_v further_a needful_a hereunto_o the_o office_n of_o garble_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o do_v first_o give_v the_o office_n of_o garble_v all_o
much_o as_o shall_v in_o you_o lie_v you_o shall_v procure_v your_o fellow_n and_o other_o workman_n to_o do_v the_o like_a iv_o you_o shall_v neither_o buy_v nor_o sell_v any_o garble_n dust_n light_a pepper_n or_o other_o unlawful_a thing_n which_o shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o any_o spice_n drug_n ware_n or_o other_o merchandize_n so_o long_o as_o you_o shall_v continue_v in_o service_n or_o work_v with_o your_o master_n that_o now_o be_v or_o with_o any_o other_o who_o shall_v hereafter_o use_v or_o occupy_v the_o office_n of_o garbler_n neither_o shall_v you_o cause_n or_o procure_v any_o other_o to_o buy_v any_o part_n thereof_o and_o if_o you_o shall_v know_v any_o person_n that_o shall_v buy_v sell_v put_v to_o sale_n or_o convey_v out_o of_o the_o city_n or_o liberty_n thereof_o any_o spice_n drug_n ware_n or_o merchandize_v ungarble_v which_o ought_v to_o be_v garble_v or_o which_o shall_v buy_v or_o sell_v any_o garble_n dust_n powder_n light_a pepper_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n within_o the_o say_a city_n or_o liberty_n thereof_o you_o shall_v with_o as_o much_o speed_n as_o convenient_o you_o may_v inform_v your_o master_n thereof_o v._o you_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n hereafter_o so_o much_o as_o in_o you_o shall_v lie_v suffer_v to_o be_v deliver_v or_o consent_v to_o the_o delivery_n of_o any_o spice_n drug_n or_o other_o merchandize_n which_o shall_v be_v garble_v before_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v seal_v with_o the_o usual_a seal_n of_o the_o garbler_n accustom_v for_o the_o same_o vi_o you_o shall_v know_v no_o person_n to_o mix_v any_o garble_n dust_n light_a pepper_n or_o powder_n with_o clean_a spice_n drug_n or_o merchandize_n but_o you_o shall_v with_o convenient_a speed_n inform_v your_o master_n thereof_o vii_o you_o shall_v not_o enter_v into_o any_o work_n or_o labour_n touch_v the_o office_n of_o your_o master_n the_o garbler_n until_o your_o say_a master_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n his_o chief_a clerk_n or_o chief_a servant_n by_o he_o appoint_v or_o to_o be_v appoint_v in_o that_o behalf_n shall_v have_v knowledge_n thereof_o and_o give_v order_n touch_v the_o same_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o office_n of_o garbler_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o you_o as_o a_o servant_n or_o workman_n you_o shall_v true_o honest_o dutiful_o and_o faithful_o perform_v and_o execute_v without_o partiality_n or_o favour_n malice_n or_o evil_a will_n to_o any_o party_n so_o god_n you_o help_v the_o accustom_a and_o usual_a rate_n of_o all_o spice_n and_o drug_n garbleable_a pepper_n by_o the_o bag_n not_o exceed_v 200_o three_o quarter_n ij_o s._n 00_o pepper_n exceed_v 300_o by_o the_o bag_n ij_o s._n vi_o d._n clove_n by_o the_o pound_n 00_o ij_o d._n wormseed_n by_o the_o pound_n 00_o ij_o d._n mace_n the_o 100_o weight_n four_o s._n 00_o nutmeg_n the_o 100_o weight_n iij_o s._n vi_fw-mi d_o cinnamon_n the_o 100_o weight_n ijs_fw-la viij_o d._n ginger_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o xij_o d._n anniseed_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o do_v cumminseed_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n corianderseed_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n carrowayseed_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n fennelseed_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n almond_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n rice_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n date_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n onion-seed_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n french_a barley_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n gall_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n cochincel_v the_o pound_n weight_n 00_o ob_fw-la indigo_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o iud._n argal_o the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o vi_o d._n licorice_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o iij_o d._n saunders_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o iij_o d._n long-pepper_n the_o 100_o weight_n ij_o s._n viij_o d._n spignal_n the_o 100_o weight_n ijs_fw-la 00_o gallingal_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n turmerick_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o xuj_o d._n setwel_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o twelve_o d._n cassia_n sistula_n the_o 100_o weight_n ij_o s._n viij_o d._n guiney_n pepper_n the_o 100_o weight_n four_o s._n 00_o senna_n the_o 100_o four_o s._n 00_o bayberry_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n erius_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o twelve_o d._n stavesacre_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n calamus_fw-la the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o xviij_o do_v fenugreek_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n cassia-lignum_a the_o 100_o weight_n ij_o s._n viij_o d._n grain_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o viij_o d._n mastic_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o xviij_o d._n frankincense_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o twelve_o d._n gum_n arabic_a the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o twelve_o d._n rhubarb_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o twelve_o d._n scamony_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o twelve_o d._n olibanum_fw-la the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o twelve_o d._n hermidacle_n the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o xviij_o d._n gum-lack_a the_o 100_o weight_n 00_o xij_o d._n tobacco_n the_o pound_n weight_n 00_o four_o d._n sal-armoniack_a the_o 100_o with_o 00_o xviij_o d._n the_o use_n of_o the_o alneger_n office_n the_o antiquity_n of_o wool_n in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v be_v beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n that_o accustom_a use_n have_v always_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o our_o wise_a and_o learned_a judge_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o our_o noble_a peer_n within_o the_o place_n where_o all_o wholesome_a law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o good_a government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n so_o that_o no_o kingdom_n whatsoever_o can_v speak_v so_o happy_o of_o this_o benefit_n as_o this_o realm_n who_o find_v it_o the_o rich_a man_n increase_n and_o the_o poor_a man_n comfort_n who_o in_o former_a time_n suffer_v the_o transportation_n thereof_o unto_o a_o more_o ingenious_a nation_n which_o make_v far_o great_a benefit_n by_o their_o labour_n than_o those_o who_o god_n have_v free_o send_v it_o unto_o that_o it_o be_v this_o time_n the_o glory_n of_o our_o traffic_n and_o maintenance_n of_o our_o poor_a many_o hundred_o thousadd_n depend_v whole_o on_o the_o same_o who_o bread_n be_v gain_v by_o these_o employment_n it_o afford_v raiment_n nay_o rich_a robe_n for_o the_o great_a prince_n and_o also_o warm_a clothing_n for_o the_o mean_a personage_n and_o no_o part_n unprofitable_a or_o deceitful_a in_o it_o but_o often_o abuse_v by_o the_o wicked_a practice_n of_o deceitful_a people_n the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o alneger_n before_o the_o make_n of_o cloth_n within_o this_o land_n the_o alneger_n be_v ordain_v who_o exercise_v that_o office_n upon_o all_o clothes_n come_v from_o foreign_a part_n to_o measure_v and_o try_v they_o where_o they_o be_v put_v on_o land_n as_o only_a measurer_n appoint_v for_o a_o long_a time_n his_o authority_n be_v carry_v by_o proclamation_n before_o any_o parliament_n be_v hold_v 14._o 2_o edw._n 3._o 14._o his_o fee_n be_v not_o then_o give_v he_o but_o allowance_n from_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n and_o baron_n of_o exchequer_n according_a to_o his_o pain_n and_o care_n his_o charge_n be_v to_o see_v all_o clothes_n of_o assize_n mark_v and_o those_o not_o of_o assize_n and_o defective_a to_o be_v take_v into_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o king_n although_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o any_o mayor_n bailiff_n or_o other_o magistrate_n wherein_o his_o credit_n and_o trust_v repose_v by_o the_o king_n be_v explain_v whilst_o true_a make_v of_o cloth_n endure_v in_o reasonable_a manner_n it_o be_v most_o credible_a in_o all_o part_n and_o so_o much_o desire_v that_o foreign_a merchant_n do_v usual_o come_v into_o this_o realm_n to_o fetch_v they_o away_o but_o since_o deceit_n creep_v in_o have_v grow_v great_a and_o increase_v every_o day_n the_o trade_n still_o decline_v from_o bad_a to_o worse_o and_o now_o to_o worst_a of_o all_o what_o make_v those_o now_o to_o refuse_v our_o clothes_n be_v bring_v to_o their_o own_o door_n which_o before_o time_n earnest_o seek_v it_o at_o we_o falshood_n the_o clothier_n complain_v of_o his_o dead_a sale_n the_o merchant_n complain_v of_o his_o loss_n all_o but_o falsehood_n bad_a ware_n be_v the_o breeder_n of_o bad_a debt_n and_o desperate_a hazard_n wherewith_o both_o merchant_n and_o maker_n be_v extreme_o punish_v when_o defective_a cloth_n be_v make_v the_o owner_n be_v often_o enforce_v to_o barter_n for_o as_o bad_a a_o commodity_n a_o hilding_n for_o a_o jade_n or_o to_o deliver_v out_o that_o sweet_a herb_n thyme_n but_o receive_v a_o back_n burden_n of_o the_o bitter_a herb_n rue_n so_o here_o be_v a_o adventure_n increase_v the_o law_n be_v effectual_o provide_v for_o the_o search_n in_o all_o point_n that_o in_o every_o place_n where_o cloth_n be_v make_v and_o sell_v person_n appoint_v for_o the_o search_n thereof_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o
the_o observation_n of_o some_o english_a they_o find_v only_o 2_o picoe_n one_o for_o cloth_n and_o the_o other_o for_o grogram_n and_o do_v agree_v with_o those_o of_o constantinople_n bursia_n custom_n of_o bursia_n there_o be_v no_o custom_n due_a upon_o good_n in_o bursia_n it_o be_v account_v a_o inland_a town_n but_o if_o send_v thence_o to_o smyrna_n or_o to_o constantinople_n and_o export_v out_o of_o the_o grand_a signior_n dominion_n it_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o custom_n according_a to_o the_o capitulation_n or_o privilege_n grant_v to_o that_o nation_n that_o transport_v the_o same_o but_o if_o those_o commodity_n buy_v in_o bursia_n be_v carry_v to_o smyrna_n or_o constantinople_n and_o there_o sell_v it_o pay_v no_o custom_n but_o a_o small_a duty_n for_o register_n and_o quit_v at_o the_o custom-house_n of_o both_o the_o say_a place_n as_o have_v be_v practise_v by_o divers_a merchant_n in_o this_o town_n of_o late_a year_n some_o english_a have_v reside_v and_o do_v find_v a_o fair_a and_o friendly_a quarter_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o they_o be_v account_v as_o subfactor_n to_o those_o resident_a in_o constantinople_n and_o smyrna_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o say_v further_o of_o this_o place_n chap._n xlix_o of_o pontus_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o pontus_n pontus_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o bithynia_n be_v pontus_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o ruin_n of_o tomos_n to_o which_o ovid_n be_v banish_v and_o pithius_fw-la where_o chrysostom_n live_v in_o exile_n here_o also_o rule_v mithridates_n who_o for_o 40_o year_n withstand_v the_o roman_n not_o more_o excellent_a in_o war_n than_o learning_n and_o memory_n who_o speak_v 22_o language_n and_o invent_v that_o counterpoison_v for_o he_o name_v mithridate_n and_o who_o at_o last_o by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o his_o son_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o l._n sylla_n pillar_n pompey_n pillar_n lucullus_n and_o pompey_n be_v vanquish_v the_o last_o of_o which_o erect_v a_o pillar_n upon_o a_o small_a island_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o black_a or_o euxine_a sea_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v know_v by_o his_o name_n and_o show_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o stranger_n as_o a_o trophy_n of_o his_o victory_n in_o these_o part_n chap._n l._n of_o paphlagonia_n and_o galatia_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o galatia_n paphlagonia_n and_o galatia_n in_o paphlagonia_n i_o find_v not_o any_o city_n notable_a for_o trade_n or_o other_o thing_n noteworthy_a and_o as_o for_o galatia_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o to_o the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n do_v st._n paul_n dedicate_v one_o of_o his_o epistle_n angora_n angora_n and_o here_o be_v also_o seat_v the_o city_n of_o ancira_n now_o common_o angora_n famous_a for_o the_o infinite_a store_n of_o grogram_n mohair_n and_o chamlet_n that_o be_v make_v here_o and_o sabricate_v and_o from_o hence_o transport_v to_o constantinople_n be_v 16_o day_n journey_n distant_a and_o to_o aleppo_n have_v a_o like_a remoteness_n and_o from_o thence_o again_o export_v into_o all_o the_o country_n of_o europe_n in_o this_o place_n the_o venetian_n have_v a_o factory_a to_o provide_v they_o the_o say_v commodity_n and_o the_o english_a in_o imitation_n thereof_o about_o 1624._o do_v first_o send_v thither_o two_o factor_n from_o constantinople_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o these_o commodity_n at_o the_o first_o hand_n trade_n grogram_n trade_n but_o some_o of_o the_o yarn_n call_v hence_o grogram_n yarn_n and_o not_o camel_n hair_n some_o vain_o conceive_v be_v late_o bring_v into_o england_n ingenious_a workman_n be_v here_o find_v that_o invent_v therewith_o tames_n and_o many_o other_o stuff_v to_o the_o great_a decay_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o grogram_n trade_n of_o this_o country_n and_o of_o such_o as_o live_v thereupon_o in_o angora_n whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o anno_fw-la 1630._o petition_v the_o duana_n of_o constantinople_n that_o this_o yarn_n may_v not_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n until_o it_o be_v put_v into_o work_n and_o make_v into_o stuff_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o but_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n custom_n at_o constantinople_n connive_v thereat_o and_o suffer_v the_o same_o to_o be_v export_v pay_v double_a custom_n which_o be_v 6_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o so_o it_o continue_v till_o 1634._o at_o what_o time_n a_o second_v strict_a prohibition_n with_o consiscation_n be_v proclaim_v and_o near_o look_v into_o so_o that_o what_o quantity_n be_v now_o find_v to_o come_v thence_o be_v by_o indirect_a mean_n and_o not_o otherwise_o if_o possible_a thereby_o again_o to_o give_v life_n to_o the_o grogram_n trade_n and_o the_o maker_n thereof_o in_o these_o part_n there_o be_v of_o late_a year_n an_o offer_v make_v by_o the_o venetian_a ambassador_n resident_a at_o constantinople_n to_o export_v 500_o of_o the_o goat_n that_o bear_v this_o wool_n to_o venetia_n thereby_o in_o time_n to_o bring_v this_o commodity_n in_o request_n in_o their_o signiory_n but_o the_o turk_n perceive_v their_o drift_n deny_v the_o same_o lest_o his_o subject_n and_o country_n may_v future_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o so_o excellent_a a_o commodity_n have_v our_o ancestor_n foresee_v the_o like_a discommodity_n that_o will_v have_v ensue_v by_o the_o exportation_n of_o english_a sheep_n into_o spain_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v it_o will_v never_o have_v be_v in_o those_o day_n permit_v angora_n weight_n and_o measure_n of_o angora_n the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v find_v in_o constantinople_n the_o gregram_n pico_n have_v from_o this_o town_n its_o original_n and_o be_v the_o proper_a pico_n of_o this_o country_n and_o city_n whereby_o all_o grogram_n mohair_n and_o chamblet_n be_v measure_v and_o sell_v throughout_o all_o turkey_n and_o be_v in_o grogram_n find_v in_o england_n to_o answer_v proportional_o as_o 24_o pico_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o ordinary_a grogram_n to_o make_v 16_o yard_n london_n for_o their_o money_n and_o account_n they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o constantinople_n vide_fw-la there_o chap._n li._n of_o cappadocia_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o cappadocia_n cappadocia_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o galatia_n be_v cappadocia_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v erzyrum_fw-la situate_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o armenia_n be_v hold_v the_o rendezvous_n for_o the_o turkish_a militia_n in_o their_o expedition_n to_o persia_n and_o the_o place_n where_o when_o the_o war_n be_v end_v they_o be_v dismiss_v here_o be_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o though_o war_n happen_v between_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o persian_n yet_o these_o barbarous_a nation_n be_v so_o careful_a of_o merchant_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o commerce_n that_o the_o merchant_n of_o both_o country_n though_o otherwise_o the_o province_n be_v at_o variance_n may_v here_o enter_v and_o transport_v their_o merchandise_n into_o one_o another_o country_n pay_v a_o small_a custom_n as_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o prince_n carrying_z a_o tescary_n or_o certificate_n thereof_o with_o they_o to_o such_o other_o place_n whither_o they_o go_v which_o in_o itself_o protect_v their_o good_n and_o person_n from_o danger_n or_o confiscation_n or_o other_o duty_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n 〈◊〉_d see_v persia_n merchant_n with_o great_a estate_n in_o aloppo_n and_o constantinople_n in_o the_o hot_a of_o the_o war_n between_o their_o two_o sovereign_n to_o the_o shame_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o christian_a prince_n who_o first_o prey_n upon_o the_o merchant_n that_o inhabit_v their_o country_n make_v a_o war_n upon_o their_o estate_n and_o person_n before_o they_o meddle_v with_o or_o haply_o hardly_o publish_v their_o intention_n to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o ancient_a tibarenean_n custom_n be_v now_o out_o of_o use_n in_o christendom_n who_o be_v say_v never_o to_o wage_v war_n against_o any_o enemy_n but_o they_o faithful_o certify_v they_o beforehand_o both_o of_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o intent_n and_o fight_n and_o as_o it_o may_v be_v conjecture_v give_v first_o a_o fair_a dismission_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o consequent_o to_o their_o merchant_n trabesond_n amasia_n trabesond_n here_o be_v also_o amasia_n where_o the_o grand_a signior_n elder_a son_n be_v see_v to_o abide_v after_o his_o circumcision_n till_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n death_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o trabesond_n former_o a_o imperial_a seat_n now_o a_o small_a city_n seat_v upon_o the_o euxine_a or_o black_a sea_n have_v a_o reasonable_a good_a harbour_n and_o where_o the_o grand_a signior_n maintain_v certain_a galley_n to_o scour_v these_o coast_n here_o be_v find_v a_o great_a trade_n in_o summer_n for_o fish_n which_o to_o i_o do_v much_o resemble_v the_o english_a herring_n which_o they_o take_v upon_o this_o
square_v out_o proportionable_o and_o every_o street_n be_v draw_v out_o to_o a_o line_n so_o that_o every_o gate_n yield_v a_o free_a prospect_n through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o opposite_a gate_n beautify_v on_o each_o side_n with_o stately_a edifice_n and_o house_n for_o the_o honourable_a of_o this_o country_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o city_n be_v a_o sumptuous_a palace_n wherein_o the_o grand_a cham_n reside_v with_o all_o his_o queen_n and_o child_n and_o wherein_o be_v place_v a_o bell_n which_o be_v toll_v at_o certain_a hour_n of_o the_o evening_n after_o which_o may_v no_o man_n stir_v out_o of_o door_n until_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o day_n follow_v the_o largeness_n rarity_n curiosity_n and_o richness_n of_o this_o palace_n the_o partition_n allow_v his_o queen_n and_o lodging_n appoint_v for_o his_o child_n and_o their_o daily_a attendant_n and_o the_o order_n beauty_n and_o manner_n thereof_o i_o willing_o omit_v as_o not_o pertinent_a to_o my_o present_a purpose_n without_o this_o city_n wall_n be_v account_v 12_o suburb_n of_o 3_o or_o 4_o mile_n long_o adjoin_v to_o each_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a 12_o gate_n and_o here_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o foreigner_n do_v abide_v each_o nation_n have_v a_o several_a cane_n or_o storehouse_n where_o they_o both_o lodge_v and_o exercise_v their_o merchandise_n and_o traffic_v one_o with_o another_o for_o the_o commodity_n of_o these_o several_a country_n the_o confluence_n of_o merchant_n here_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v wonderful_a see_v it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o city_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o the_o cham_n maintain_v 5000_o astrologer_n here_o daily_o beside_o many_o thousand_o of_o soldier_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n that_o 12000_o horse_n be_v account_v but_o as_o his_o ordinary_a and_o daily_a guard_n thereof_o exendu_fw-fr and_o the_o largeness_n thereof_o beside_o which_o the_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o exendu_fw-fr the_o principal_a place_n of_o the_o grand_a cham_fw-mi seat_v not_o many_o day_n journey_n hence_o where_o merchant_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o enter_v be_v build_v in_o a_o four_o square_a figure_n every_o side_n extend_v eight_o mile_n in_o length_n within_o this_o quadrant_n be_v another_o who_o side_n be_v six_o mile_n long_o and_o within_o that_o another_o of_o four_o mile_n square_a which_o be_v account_v the_o very_a palace_n itself_o and_o between_o which_o several_a wall_n be_v find_v walk_n garden_n orchard_n fishpond_n place_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o courtly_a and_o military_a exercise_n and_o also_o park_n forest_n and_o chase_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o pleasure_n and_o game_n and_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o attendant_n and_o servitor_n that_o of_o necessity_n be_v require_v to_o wait_v upon_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n with_o the_o officer_n thereto_o belong_v not_o but_o much_o increase_n the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o city_n and_o place_n as_o for_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n of_o cambalu_n and_o general_o of_o all_o tartary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o country_n though_o in_o a_o large_a tract_n extend_v itself_o upon_o the_o north_n ocean_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_o continue_a cold_n and_o frost_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v but_o little_a benefit_n thereof_o however_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o molucco_n japan_n and_o other_o islander_n thereabouts_o in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v here_o a_o great_a traffic_n and_o that_o hence_o these_o tartarian_n be_v furnish_v with_o the_o spice_n of_o india_n the_o gem_n of_o pegu_n and_o bengala_n and_o peradventure_o with_o other_o the_o drug_n of_o arabian_a but_o upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n they_o be_v the_o master_n of_o many_o good_a seaport_n beside_o astracan_a which_z of_o late_o they_o have_v lose_v to_o the_o muscovite_n as_o zahaspa_n cosmi_n melmesuach_n and_o other_o by_o which_o be_v convey_v to_o they_o the_o silk_n tapestry_n carpet_n arm_n and_o excellent_a manufacture_n of_o persia_n and_o in_o the_o black-sea_n beside_o capha_n now_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o turk_n they_o enjoy_v the_o brave_a port_n of_o curaropo_fw-it asow_n and_o other_o serve_v to_o convey_v unto_o they_o the_o commodity_n of_o turkey_n trabesond_n podolia_n walacia_fw-la and_o other_o country_n border_v upon_o the_o famous_a river_n of_o danubius_n now_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o large_a empire_n it_o border_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o muscovia_n with_o who_o it_o be_v now_o in_o peace_n though_o not_o seldom_o at_o debate_n from_o whence_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o traffic_n which_o i_o find_v observe_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a consequence_n they_o have_v rich_a fur_n and_o other_o the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n but_o where_o it_o border_v upon_o china_n which_o be_v for_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n of_o ground_n by_o some_o author_n account_v 400_o league_n the_o common_a report_n of_o the_o strict_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o that_o nation_n to_o debar_v entrance_n to_o all_o stranger_n shall_v persuade_v i_o of_o little_a traffic_n that_o way_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o some_o late_a traveller_n who_o relation_n herein_o be_v questionable_a that_o the_o city_n of_o cambalu_n receive_v yearly_a thence_o by_o way_n of_o traffic_n 10000_o cart_n lade_v with_o silk_n and_o stuff_n of_o the_o china_n fabric_n the_o truth_n thereof_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o reader_n mulberry-tree_n coin_n current_a in_o cambalu_n and_o through_o tartary_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o mulberry-tree_n as_o for_o the_o money_n current_n in_o this_o large_a territory_n i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v diverse_o make_v yet_o neither_o of_o gold_n nor_o of_o silver_n coin_v but_o of_o the_o middle_a bark_n of_o the_o mulberry_n tree_n which_o be_v make_v firm_a and_o cut_v into_o divers_a and_o round_a piece_n great_a and_o little_a they_o imprint_v the_o king_n mark_n thereupon_o and_o from_o this_o mean_a stuff_n the_o emperor_n cause_v a_o huge_a mass_n of_o money_n to_o be_v yearly_o make_v at_o cambalu_n which_o suffice_v for_o his_o whole_a empire_n and_o no_o man_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n may_v coin_v or_o spend_v any_o other_o money_n or_o refuse_v it_o in_o all_o his_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o merchant_n often_o come_v hither_o from_o far_o and_o remote_a country_n bring_v with_o they_o gold_n silver_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n and_o receive_v the_o king_n money_n for_o they_o and_o because_o the_o same_o be_v not_o current_a in_o their_o country_n they_o therewith_o buy_v in_o this_o empire_n other_o the_o commodity_n here_o find_v which_o they_o carry_v hence_o away_o with_o they_o the_o king_n also_o pay_v his_o stipend_n officer_n and_o army_n with_o the_o say_a money_n and_o buy_v whasoever_o else_o he_o need_v with_o the_o same_o so_o that_o no_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n can_v exceed_v he_o in_o treasure_n which_o be_v at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n provide_v and_o procure_v polish_v of_o coral_n polish_v beside_o which_o i_o find_v it_o observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o large_a country_n subject_n to_o some_o subordinate_a king_n in_o subjection_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n that_o they_o use_v in_o some_o place_n piece_n of_o polish_a coral_n in_o stead_n of_o money_n and_o in_o other_o they_o have_v certain_a twig_n of_o gold_n in_o lieu_n of_o money_n which_o be_v distinguish_v by_o weight_n into_o several_a parcel_n without_o stamp_n or_o character_n and_o this_o be_v account_v in_o matter_n of_o consequence_n harden_v of_o salt_n in_o loaf_n harden_v but_o they_o have_v a_o lesser_a coin_n if_o i_o may_v so_o term_v it_o make_v of_o salt_n which_o they_o boil_v in_o caldron_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n which_o congeal_v they_o make_v into_o lump_n like_o our_o peny-loave_n which_o be_v make_v solid_a be_v sign_v with_o the_o prince_n stamp_n and_o pass_v thus_o current_a among_o they_o and_o wherewith_o they_o provide_v themselves_o of_o all_o necessary_n in_o some_o other_o i_o find_v also_o that_o they_o use_v porcelan_n for_o money_n and_o weigh_v piece_n of_o gold_n for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o this_o empire_n silver_n mine_n be_v not_o find_v and_o they_o give_v in_o proportion_n one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n for_o five_o ounce_n of_o silver_n neither_o be_v it_o find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o country_n that_o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n therefore_o the_o merchant_n make_v their_o contract_n and_o obligation_n in_o tally_n of_o wood_n the_o half_a whereof_o the_o one_o keep_v and_o the_o other_o the_o other_o half_o which_o be_v aftetwards_o pay_v and_o satisfy_v the_o say_a tally_n be_v restore_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o custom_n of_o tally_n in_o england_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o this_o country_n the_o strange_a custom_n
likewise_o of_o those_o former_a province_n name_v aristan_n 6._o bengala_n 7._o aristan_n the_o six_o and_o seven_o be_v bengala_n and_o aristan_n where_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o cattigan_n and_o satigan_n and_o principal_o for_o trade_n that_o of_o bengala_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o gulf_n know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o orissa_n inhabit_v by_o christian_n of_o st._n thomas_n so_o call_v because_o he_o convert_v they_o canora_fw-la 8._o canora_fw-la the_o eight_o be_v canora_fw-la under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o mogul_n the_o most_o famous_a city_n be_v ultabat_fw-la lispor_fw-la melinda_n etc._n etc._n dellia_n 9_o dellia_n the_o nine_o be_v dellia_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v dellie_n the_o sometime_o residence_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n the_o other_o famous_a city_n be_v tremel_n fatabar_n and_o chesmer_n famous_a for_o the_o study_n here_o of_o magic_n all_o these_o mighty_a province_n have_v be_v conquer_v by_o the_o great_a mogul_n force_n within_o these_o 90_o year_n to_o the_o astonishment_n of_o all_o india_n gangem_fw-la india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la contain_v 12_o potent_a kingdom_n and_o all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o potent_a king_n of_o barma_n which_o cursory_o i_o will_v also_o run_v over_o macin_n 1._o macin_n the_o first_o be_v macin_n aquavitae_fw-la lignum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la famous_a for_o that_o sweet-wood_n which_o this_o country_n do_v produce_v call_v aloe_n or_o lignum_fw-la vitoe_n value_v at_o its_o weight_n in_o pure_a silver_n serviceable_a only_o here_o for_o the_o pompous_a funeral_n of_o great_a prince_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v the_o say_v macin_n aracan_a 2._o aracan_a the_o second_o be_v aracan_a ava_n ava_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o ava_n which_o through_o the_o world_n be_v so_o famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n of_o gem_n cambaia_n 3._o cambaia_n the_o three_o be_v cambaia_n famous_a for_o this_o city_n of_o cambaia_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n which_o afford_v plenty_n of_o gold_n silver_n aloe_n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n of_o great_a worth_n couchin-china_n 4._o couchin-china_n the_o four_o be_v couchin_n china_n abound_v with_o the_o like_a commodity_n bring_v to_o couchin-china_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n of_o all_o country_n for_o porcelain_n and_o china-dish_n here_o make_v and_o much_o in_o esteem_n and_o use_v in_o these_o country_n barma_n 5._o barma_n the_o five_o be_v barma_n make_v famous_a only_o within_o 60_o year_n for_o the_o prince_n hereof_o have_v vanquish_v all_o the_o former_a kingdom_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o this_o sceptre_n siam_n 6._o siam_n the_o six_o be_v siam_n once_o the_o lady_n of_o all_o india_n now_o subject_a to_o barma_n the_o principal_a city_n be_v mollacia_n in_o compass_n 20_o mile_n a_o town_n of_o great_a resort_n for_o merchant_n for_o the_o traffic_n of_o spice_n and_o now_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o portugal_n the_o next_o be_v siam_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n mean_a which_o every_o year_n overflow_v the_o country_n for_o 120_o mile_n and_o last_o odin_n on_o the_o river_n cuipomo_n on_o which_o 200000_o boat_n be_v find_v daily_o to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o contain_v 400000_o family_n and_o be_v now_o know_v the_o residence_n of_o that_o famous_a and_o fortunate_a king_n of_o barma_n beforementioned_a pegu._n 7._o pegu._n the_o seven_o be_v pegu_n which_o give_v name_n to_o a_o principal_a city_n have_v a_o rich_a soil_n and_o harbourous_a seashore_n the_o principal_a know_a haven_n be_v martaban_n and_o here_o be_v also_o lasmin_a a_o city_n of_o great_a commerce_n this_o country_n have_v suffer_v much_o by_o sword_n pestilence_n and_o famine_n within_o these_o late_a year_n and_o be_v now_o as_o the_o rest_n a_o province_n of_o this_o aforesaid_a powerful_a king_n of_o barma_n now_o have_v thus_o survey_v india_n in_o the_o general_a and_o in_o gross_a as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o kingdom_n and_o province_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a it_o shall_v next_o be_v survey_v in_o the_o particular_a so_o far_o as_o it_o may_v concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v the_o commerce_n and_o trade_n thereof_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n know_v to_o our_o nation_n wherein_o i_o can_v wish_v my_o experience_n better_a to_o show_v the_o particular_n thereof_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v comprise_v under_o this_o name_n of_o india_n stretch_v itself_o from_o taurus_n to_o the_o ocean_n one_o way_n and_o from_o china_n to_o persia_n which_o be_v near_o 4000_o mile_n another_o way_n at_o which_o place_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a for_o i_o to_o begin_v my_o trade_n and_o see_v what_o may_v be_v observe_v therein_o yet_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o this_o discovery_n and_o give_v a_o particular_a relation_n of_o such_o material_n wherewith_o trade_n be_v in_o itself_o practise_v through_o this_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n island_n and_o sea_n and_o before_o i_o show_v the_o matter_n wherewith_o this_o trade_n be_v in_o all_o this_o country_n drive_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a i_o shall_v also_o see_v who_o they_o principal_o be_v that_o manage_v this_o trade_n and_o to_o who_o this_o great_a traffic_n appertain_v either_o as_o they_o be_v native_n and_o here_o bear_v or_o as_o they_o be_v stranger_n and_o here_o be_v induce_v to_o reside_v attract_v thereto_o by_o the_o sole_a motive_n of_o the_o great_a commerce_n and_o rich_a commodity_n find_v either_o natural_o here_o grow_v or_o artificial_o here_o make_v and_o produce_v general_n commodity_n of_o india_n in_o general_n this_o country_n then_o as_o i_o say_v before_o abound_v in_o the_o general_a with_o all_o manner_n of_o mineral_n copper_n and_o lead_v except_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n horse_n except_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o spice_n with_o many_o sort_n of_o drug_n cotton_n cloth_n precious_a stone_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o want_n of_o wine_n and_o wheat_n that_o here_o they_o have_v that_o so_o this_o country_n may_v be_v behold_v in_o some_o sort_n to_o other_o as_o other_o be_v for_o her_o commodity_n to_o this_o these_o be_v then_o the_o prime_a commodity_n wherewith_o trade_n be_v here_o maintain_v i_o will_v note_v the_o trader_n and_o native_a merchant_n that_o be_v here_o resident_a which_o proper_o i_o may_v account_v to_o be_v of_o five_o several_a sort_n all_o acknowledge_v several_a rite_n religion_n and_o custom_n and_o therefore_o partake_v of_o so_o many_o several_a form_n and_o manner_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o their_o affair_n of_o merchandize_v india_n the_o merchant_n in_o general_a trade_n in_o india_n the_o gentile_a merchant_n be_v the_o first_o and_o be_v find_v of_o great_a eminency_n in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o tract_n the_o native_a christian_n convert_v by_o the_o discipline_n of_o st._n thomas_n be_v the_o second_o who_o in_o many_o place_n be_v find_v to_o manage_v a_o great_a and_o ample_a trade_n through_o this_o country_n the_o three_o be_v the_o mahometan_n persian_n and_o tartarian_n especial_o since_o the_o great_a victory_n of_o the_o mogul_n find_v here_o also_o of_o great_a quality_n and_o estate_n the_o four_o be_v the_o jew_n who_o live_v stragling_o disperse_v over_o and_o through_o all_o part_n of_o this_o country_n and_o in_o every_o prince_n dominion_n exercise_v the_o same_o the_o five_o be_v moor_n and_o arabian_n who_o some_o 200_o year_n pass_v seize_v on_o some_o haven-town_n here_o along_o this_o coast_n drive_v the_o native_n into_o the_o inland_a part_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v see_v to_o be_v very_o great_a merchant_n the_o six_o be_v the_o portugal_n who_o possess_v some_o few_o sea-town_n commodious_a for_o traffic_n brag_v of_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n which_o they_o be_v in_o no_o more_o possibility_n entire_o to_o conquer_v and_o possess_v than_o the_o french_a be_v to_o subdue_v spain_n when_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o fort_n of_o perpignan_n or_o the_o english_a to_o be_v master_n of_o france_n when_o they_o be_v only_a sovereign_n of_o calais_n and_o now_o to_o the_o city_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o at_o this_o day_n be_v find_v a_o trade_n to_o be_v practise_v and_o first_o of_o diu._n chap._n lxxxix_o of_o diu_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o of_o diu_n and_o the_o trade_n there_o of_o the_o town_n and_o island_n of_o diu_n lie_v about_o 20_o league_n from_o the_o famous_a river_n indus_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o firm_a land_n it_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o portugal_n who_o have_v conquer_v both_o the_o island_n and_o town_n from_o the_o king_n of_o cambaia_n and_o so_o fortify_v it_o as_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v now_o invincible_a this_o town_n have_v a_o very_a good_a and_o great_a haven_n and_o
respond_v with_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n and_o other_o place_n rotolo_n 100_o of_o cyprus_n make_v sotile_a venice_n 780_o l._n and_o of_o gross_a 480_o l._n which_o by_o this_o computation_n shall_v be_v about_o 522_o l._n english_a but_o i_o imagine_v this_o be_v account_v the_o cantar_n of_o famagusta_n which_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la cent_n great_a than_o that_o of_o aleppo_n which_o deduct_v be_v 42_o l._n there_o rest_v 480_o l._n averdupois_n the_o weight_n render_v of_o aleppo_n so_o that_o rotolo_n 21_o incirca_fw-la make_v 100_o l._n gross_a and_o rotolo_n 13½_n do_v make_v 100_o l._n sotile_a and_o rotolo_n 1_o be_v 7½_n sotile_a or_o 4_o l._n 8_o ounce_n gross_a of_o venice_n weight_n placo_n weight_n of_o cyprus_n compare_v with_o other_o placo_n again_o i_o find_v these_o observation_n make_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o cyprus_n for_o cotton_n viz._n 100_o rotolo_n of_o cyprus_n cotton_v have_v make_v in_o venice_n 750_o l._n which_o be_v 30_o l._n less_o than_o the_o aforesaid_a note_n which_o be_v mean_v of_o famagusta_n and_o have_v make_v in_o naples_n 671_o l._n bolonia_n 627_o l._n montpelier_n 678_o l._n barcelona_n 564_o l._n sevil_n 589_o l._n paris_n 448_o l._n marseli_fw-la 567_o l._n genoa_n 710_o l._n florence_n 656_o l._n milan_n 678_o l._n avignon_n 570_o l._n bruges_n 555_o l._n rome_n 631_o l._n london_n 506_o l._n the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o experience_a cyprus_n measure_n of_o cyprus_n measure_n of_o length_n be_v here_o two_o fort_n first_o the_o pico_n by_o which_o be_v sell_v all_o woollen_a cloth_n and_o silk_n account_v 26½_n inch_n and_o the_o brace_n by_o which_o be_v sell_v linen_n be_v 1_o 16_o long_o than_o the_o pico_n abovesaid_a the_o 100_o pico_n render_v in_o venice_n 125_o woollen_a brace_n and_o 116_o of_o silk_n brace_n wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v here_o by_o the_o cuss_v 7_o cuss_n make_v 6_o fetch_n of_o venetian_n which_o be_v a_o candie_n barrel_n so_o that_o a_o cuss_v and_o a_o half_a and_o a_o zant_n jar_n be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o bigness_n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o rotolo_n which_o weigh_v 2½_n oak_n which_o be_v account_v for_o 1000_o dram_n grain_n of_o grain_n grain_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o moose_n which_o weigh_v 40_o oak_n and_o 2½_n moose_v or_o 100_o oak_n make_v one_o staio_n in_o venetia_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o moose_n 1000_o moose_n here_o of_o salt_n make_v 14_o moose_n in_o the_o account_n of_o venetia_n also_o some_o grain_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o coffino_n 100_o whereof_o make_v 24_o in_o 25_o stera's_fw-la of_o venetia_n which_o be_v bushel_n english_a archipelago_n island_n rhodes_n seat_v among_o the_o isle_n archipelago_n in_o this_o part_n of_o asia_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o author_n be_v the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n seat_v formerly_z the_o habitation_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o st._n john_n now_o a_o beyque_a of_o the_o turk_n and_o where_o for_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o port_n there_o be_v maintain_v a_o squadron_n of_o his_o galley_n yearly_o employ_v to_o clear_v and_o protect_v those_o sea_n matter_n of_o trade_n present_v here_o i_o have_v here_o willing_o omit_v and_o place_v the_o same_o among_o the_o island_n of_o the_o archipelago_n to_o which_o place_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n and_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v further_o thereof_o chap._n cix_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o asia_n as_o it_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n asia_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o asia_n to_o conclude_v then_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_n of_o asia_n in_o general_a it_o be_v comprehend_v within_o a_o few_o principal_a city_n thereof_o as_o first_o in_o the_o grand_a seignior_n dominion_n in_o aleppe_n smyrna_n constantinople_n alexandria_n balsara_n and_o baruti_fw-la and_o damascus_n in_o persia_n dominion_n in_o scirus_n ormus_n casbin_n gilan_n and_o hispahan_n and_o in_o india_n and_o these_o coast_n at_o goa_n malacca_n siam_n pegu_n cochin_n calicut_n mesulapatan_n and_o the_o island_n of_o java_n japan_n summatra_n molucco_n in_o tartary_n in_o astraca_n capha_n sarmacand_n and_o cambalu_n etc._n etc._n the_o turkish_a nation_n afford_v not_o many_o merchant_n of_o note_n yet_o some_o be_v find_v that_o from_o constantinople_n do_v drive_v a_o trade_n by_o sea_n to_o venice_n cairo_n trapesond_n capoa_n and_o some_o few_o other_o place_n and_o some_o again_o that_o with_o caravan_n by_o land_n drive_v a_o trade_n from_o aleppo_n damascus_n and_o egypt_n to_o the_o red-sea_n and_o to_o mecha_n but_o these_o i_o may_v more_o proper_o account_v arabian_n then_o natural_a turk_n who_o in_o general_n have_v be_v esteem_v in_o time_n past_a and_o yet_o be_v more_o industrious_a and_o better_o verse_v in_o manual_a art_n than_o in_o the_o mystery_n of_o merchandize_v but_o now_o they_o have_v all_o well_o near_o lose_v that_o attribute_n and_o whole_o addict_v themselves_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o grand_a seignior_n tyranny_n to_o no_o further_a trade_n than_o what_o necessity_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compel_v they_o therefore_o not_o much_o worth_n here_o further_a consideration_n but_o those_o several_a nation_n inhabit_v the_o large_a coast_n of_o india_n persia_n and_o these_o abovementioned_a island_n be_v find_v to_o be_v more_o addict_v thereto_o and_o of_o great_a eminency_n and_o be_v find_v by_o their_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n to_o have_v raise_v to_o themselves_o estate_n in_o these_o country_n equal_a to_o many_o of_o our_o european_a duke_n and_o great_a earl_n whereof_o the_o gusurat_n and_o canarin_n the_o frugal_a and_o proper_a inhabitant_n of_o india_n be_v account_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a occasion_v partly_o by_o their_o excellent_a subtlety_n in_o account_n and_o number_v and_o partly_o by_o the_o late_a navigation_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o european_n arabian_n and_o other_o remote_a nation_n among_o they_o who_o bring_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o other_o commodity_n but_o plate_n and_o silver_n in_o rial_n of_o ½_n which_o they_o there_o exchange_v for_o the_o rich_a commodity_n of_o india_n as_o their_o clove_n mace_n nâ—…megs_n pepper_n diamond_n emerald_n ruby_n pearl_n and_o such_o other_o the_o precious_a ware_n of_o these_o country_n the_o persian_a nation_n challenge_v also_o a_o large_a share_n in_o this_o trade_n of_o asia_n occasion_v by_o their_o excellent_a and_o industrious_a fabric_n and_o their_o natural_a plenty_n of_o raw_a silk_n which_o from_o they_o be_v abundant_o transport_v and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o world_n and_o their_o sumptuous_a adorn_v and_o curiosity_n of_o live_v draw_v to_o they_o by_o exchange_v the_o riches_n and_o commodity_n of_o india_n and_o china_n and_o other_o place_n the_o arabian_n as_o possess_v a_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n may_v not_o here_o be_v omit_v among_o which_o be_v find_v many_o eminent_a merchant_n not_o only_a trade_n by_o camel_n with_o caravan_n from_o turkey_n into_o egypt_n and_o other_o place_n and_o into_o the_o red-sea_n but_o also_o from_o aleppo_n to_o babylon_n balsara_n and_o so_o to_o the_o persian_a gulf_n and_o also_o by_o sea_n not_o only_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o siâ—dy_n india_n chormandel_n siam_n pegu_n and_o the_o island_n aforesaid_a where_o many_o mahometan_a prince_n be_v find_v to_o bear_v rule_n but_o also_o at_o suachem_n melinda_n brava_n and_o quiloa_n and_o many_o other_o part_n and_o port_n of_o africa_n neither_o among_o all_o these_o abovementioned_a nation_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o general_a to_o afford_v merchant_n of_o eminency_n and_o note_n and_o to_o have_v a_o country_n for_o particular_a residence_n to_o themselves_o and_o where_o their_o prince_n do_v bear_v sovereignty_n be_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o jew_n to_o be_v omit_v or_o forget_v who_o though_o by_o the_o curse_n of_o the_o almighty_a be_v scatter_v and_o disperse_v as_o it_o be_v over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o be_v permit_v with_o some_o limitation_n and_o restriction_n their_o abode_n in_o several_a country_n pay_v for_o their_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n of_o residence_n and_o commerce_n both_o great_a and_o large_a annual_a contribution_n in_o sundry_a place_n yet_o by_o their_o ingeniousness_n in_o trade_n and_o their_o expertness_n in_o art_n and_o their_o subtlety_n in_o the_o valuation_n of_o prince_n coin_n and_o their_o skill_n in_o account_n they_o be_v find_v in_o all_o these_o afore-named_n country_n to_o be_v both_o eminent_a and_o rich_a merchant_n trade_v as_o well_o by_o land_n as_o by_o sea_n through_o all_o these_o afore-named_n country_n and_o by_o their_o craft_n and_o art_n raise_v to_o themselves_o eminence_n and_o great_a estate_n thereby_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v a_o share_n of_o this_o asian_a trade_n to_o the_o chinoese_a tartarian_n and_o other_o
32_o l._n per_fw-la rove_n which_o at_o lisbon_n be_v 5_o quintal_n great_a 480_o aracoles_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v discern_v that_o as_o sevil_n have_v give_v the_o weight_n to_o the_o west-indies_n discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n so_o have_v not_o lisbon_n but_o in_o part_n give_v the_o weight_n to_o the_o east-indies_n who_o have_v among_o themselves_o there_o a_o eminent_a trade_n and_o consequent_o their_o weight_n and_o measure_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o before_o the_o portugal_n discover_v the_o same_o london_n measure_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o 100_o yard_n in_o london_n as_o for_o the_o measure_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n as_o i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o weight_n in_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o london_n 100_o l._n subtle_a so_o will_v i_o reduce_v the_o measure_n thereof_o to_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n which_o render_v in_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n be_v in_o castilia_n 111_o vares_n of_o 4_o quartos_fw-la and_o every_o quart_n 2_o palm_n toledo_n 111_o vares_n cade_n 108_o vares_n  _fw-fr ditto_n for_o silk_n 148_o ells._n  _fw-fr andalusia_n 109_o vares_n  _fw-fr arragon_n 57_o cane_n  _fw-fr saragosa_n 44_o cane_n  _fw-fr morocco_n 181_o covad_n both_o these_o of_o 12_o to_o oâ—…_n cove_n cap_n dalgier_n 141_o covad_n sivilia_fw-la 109_o vares_n  _fw-fr granado_n 109_o vares_n  _fw-fr barcelona_n 57_o cane_n  _fw-fr valentia_n 97_o cane_n  _fw-fr lisbon_n 82_o vares_n  _fw-fr ditto_n for_o 109_o vares_n  _fw-fr ditto_n for_o silk_n 96_o covade_v  _fw-fr chap._n cxxi_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o portugal_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n spain_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o portugal_n and_o spain_n the_o navigation_n and_o discovery_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o portugal_n into_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n though_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o world_n at_o first_o the_o specious_a colour_n of_o piety_n and_o religion_n by_o plant_v their_o superstition_n in_o these_o heathen_a country_n yet_o ambition_n and_o profit_n be_v doubtless_o the_o secret_a design_n of_o their_o intendment_n portugal_n who_o king_n first_o seek_v those_o unknown_a region_n of_o the_o east-indies_n and_o seek_v discover_v and_o discover_v in_o part_n conquer_v present_o make_v strict_a law_n and_o prohibition_n for_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o trade_n for_o certain_a the_o richeâ—_n commodity_n thereof_o but_o himself_o and_o thereupon_o settle_v his_o contrataction-house_n in_o lisbon_n where_o those_o commodity_n shall_v be_v sell_v weigh_v and_o deliver_v and_o these_o bargain_n be_v make_v by_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o he_o be_v first_o from_o they_o call_v royal_a contract_n and_o thus_o for_o a_o long_a time_n it_o continue_v till_o his_o subject_n have_v make_v further_a and_o ample_a discovery_n of_o those_o region_n for_o their_o better_a encouragement_n and_o to_o induce_v his_o people_n to_o those_o navigation_n be_v permit_v they_o afterward_o a_o ample_a and_o large_a liberty_n of_o that_o trade_n reserve_v certain_a particular_a commodity_n only_o to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o benefit_n neither_o do_v it_o otherwise_o appear_v in_o the_o camage_n of_o those_o who_o be_v discoverer_n of_o the_o west-indies_n which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v the_o spaniard_n see_v though_o there_o want_v not_o fair_a and_o plausible_a demonstration_n of_o win_v the_o soul_n of_o those_o pooe_n people_n yet_o by_o million_o they_o be_v slaughter_v butcher_a and_o slay_v make_v a_o devastation_n in_o thâ—_n country_n of_o those_o innocent_a inhabitant_n as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o way_n to_o the_o eternal_a life_n of_o the_o soâ—_n but_o by_o a_o present_a death_n of_o the_o body_n aim_v thereby_o as_o may_v be_v conjecture_v particular_o at_o the_o possession_n only_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o by_o many_o death_n and_o torment_n be_v draw_v from_o theâ—…_n and_o convert_v to_o their_o own_o and_o their_o soverain_n treasury_n as_o appear_v to_o the_o scandal_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o of_o their_o king_n in_o sundry_a of_o their_o own_o author_n publish_v in_o many_o language_n these_o two_o country_n then_o thus_o discover_v and_o thus_o by_o rapine_n get_v and_o settle_v and_o since_o unite_v together_o under_o one_o king_n have_v afford_v the_o present_a matter_n of_o trade_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o portugal_n which_o before_o that_o time_n afford_v not_o any_o commodity_n almost_o whereby_o trade_n may_v be_v as_o much_o as_o discern_v much_o less_o maintain_v and_o now_o lisbon_n for_o the_o east_n and_o sevil_n for_o the_o west-indies_n be_v become_v the_o staple_n for_o all_o the_o rich_a commodity_n those_o two_o country_n do_v afford_v and_o so_o continue_v till_o england_n and_o holland_n by_o their_o late_a navigation_n share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o â—…fick_n and_o riches_n thereof_o which_o yet_o be_v see_v to_o be_v but_o as_o petty_a branch_n come_v from_o the_o principal_a channel_n but_o the_o west-indies_n afford_v to_o they_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n by_o the_o mine_n thereof_o which_o now_o be_v find_v so_o abundant_o plentiful_a in_o the_o world_n may_v be_v call_v indeed_o and_o in_o effect_v their_o best_a commodity_n which_o ever_o since_o its_o first_o coinage_n they_o have_v maintain_v in_o its_o prime_a weight_n and_o sineness_n which_o many_o of_o their_o politician_n have_v go_v about_o at_o several_a time_n to_o inhanse_v as_o if_o it_o will_v have_v prove_v a_o great_a benefit_n to_o their_o commonwealth_n but_o wise_a judgement_n have_v discover_v that_o the_o raise_n of_o these_o money_n in_o spain_n will_v prove_v altogether_o prejudicial_a to_o that_o state_n for_o all_o these_o commodity_n that_o be_v bring_v to_o they_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o stand_v in_o great_a need_n of_o be_v necessary_a either_o for_o back_n or_o belly_n will_v soon_o vanish_v do_v not_o these_o their_o money_n allure_v and_o attract_v they_o and_o contrariwise_o it_o may_v be_v hence_o imagine_v and_o i_o think_v grant_v that_o what_o other_o prince_n soever_o do_v inhanse_v his_o silver_n or_o the_o money_n of_o his_o country_n it_o must_v needs_o prove_v to_o his_o own_o proper_a prejudice_n and_o the_o spaniard_n gain_n because_o they_o raise_v and_o inhanse_v a_o commodity_n which_o be_v not_o they_o real_o but_o transport_v to_o they_o at_o second_o hand_n by_o merchant_n and_o other_o and_o of_o which_o though_o happy_o possess_v some_o small_a silver_n mine_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o the_o gross_a be_v still_o he_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o his_o quantity_n and_o abundance_n exceed_v they_o as_o for_o the_o other_o commodity_n which_o those_o country_n afford_v we_o and_o many_o other_o nation_n be_v with_o the_o same_o from_o alexandria_n and_o venice_n at_o first_o supply_v and_o then_o hence_o but_o now_o have_v find_v the_o way_n to_o the_o spring_n head_n we_o deign_v not_o to_o buy_v of_o they_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n except_o such_o of_o which_o their_o prince_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o a_o peculiar_a interest_n either_o by_o farm_v the_o same_o to_o their_o subject_n or_o keep_v the_o same_o in_o their_o own_o hand_n or_o by_o exclude_v all_o other_o nation_n from_o the_o trade_n thereof_o and_o these_o we_o and_o other_o be_v constrain_v to_o have_v from_o they_o in_o which_o number_n may_v be_v account_v sugar_n tobacco_n ginger_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o west-indies_n in_o general_n now_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n they_o be_v in_o general_a lover_n of_o merchandize_v and_o traffic_n neither_o so_o much_o despise_v it_o as_o the_o french_a nor_o yet_o so_o much_o addict_v thereto_o as_o the_o italian_n yet_o more_o willing_o adventure_v their_o estate_n at_o sea_n than_o they_o who_o herein_o be_v find_v to_o distrust_v the_o providence_n of_o almighty_n god_n in_o a_o lawful_a call_n and_o prefer_v their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o providence_n on_o land_n before_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o almighty_a at_o sea_n and_o as_o they_o be_v wellwisher_n to_o trade_n so_o be_v they_o find_v in_o a_o large_a measure_n to_o practice_v it_o in_o such_o city_n as_o occasion_n and_o commodity_n do_v either_o present_a or_o permit_v for_o both_o in_o sevil_n and_o lisbon_n be_v find_v merchant_n of_o great_a eminency_n but_o yet_o be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n bend_v their_o traffic_n into_o both_o the_o indies_n and_o no_o where_o else_o except_o peradventure_o a_o little_a to_o antwerp_n in_o flanders_n and_o into_o naples_n and_o sicilia_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o which_o seldom_o be_v note_v to_o adventure_v their_o estate_n or_o have_v any_o factor_n resident_a but_o where_o their_o king_n be_v chief_a and_o sovereign_n the_o raw_a silk_n wine_n and_o fruit_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o prime_a commodity_n of_o import_n it_o now_o yield_v as_o also_o olive_n raisin_n fig_n almond_n
of_o some_o of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o england_n to_o their_o own_o subject_n for_o their_o encouragement_n in_o trade_n and_o their_o general_a inclination_n thereto_o so_o they_o in_o themselves_o have_v be_v chief_o want_v to_o themselves_o and_o have_v suffer_v a_o loss_n to_o fall_v insensible_o upon_o they_o that_o have_v be_v the_o great_a ruin_n of_o their_o traffic_n comprise_v within_o mystery_n the_o of_o these_o their_o new_a impost_n and_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o navigator_n which_o that_o prince_n must_v ever_o careful_o avoid_v that_o will_v have_v his_o country_n and_o subject_n thrive_v thereby_o and_o have_v now_o lose_v all_o their_o trade_n to_o all_o other_o place_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n only_o except_v their_o ship_n and_o galley_n be_v decay_v and_o their_o mariner_n flee_v from_o they_o some_o spark_n be_v see_v yet_o to_o remain_v but_o the_o great_a fire_n of_o their_o mighty_a traffic_n be_v extinguish_v it_o will_v not_o be_v needful_a for_o i_o to_o rake_v the_o ash_n and_o observe_v further_o that_o little_a coal_n that_o be_v yet_o rest_v unconsume_v among_o they_o chap._n clix_o of_o florence_n and_o the_o city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n thereof_o florence_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o the_o dukedom_n of_o florence_n contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o tuscany_n and_o now_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o signiory_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n with_o the_o republic_n of_o pisa_n and_o sienna_n the_o principal_a marine_a port_n whereof_o be_v leghorn_n which_o may_v be_v account_v the_o best_a and_o one_o of_o the_o great_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n not_o only_o thus_o continue_v and_o preserve_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n alone_o but_o of_o other_o nation_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n of_o this_o place_n and_o the_o freedom_n give_v to_o stranger_n and_o merchant_n and_o principal_o because_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n may_v be_v here_o land_v free_a of_o all_o custom_n duty_n and_o impost_n this_o scale_n be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o it_o be_v famous_a throughout_o all_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o ocean_n sea_n in_o this_o republic_n i_o find_v only_o four_o city_n of_o consequence_n that_o challenge_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n my_o observation_n which_o be_v florence_n itself_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o dukedom_n next_o sienna_n than_o pisa_n and_o last_o the_o above_o mention_v town_n of_o leghorn_n tuscany_n commodity_n of_o tuscany_n these_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n some_o marble_n rice_n wines_n oil_n quantity_n of_o silk_n both_o raw_a and_o wrought_v in_o stuff_n famous_a for_o their_o fabric_n throughout_o europe_n as_o satin_n taffeta_n velvet_n grogram_n plush_n and_o the_o like_a call_v common_o of_o florence_n from_o england_n be_v here_o vend_v pepper_n cloves_n mace_n indigo_n calico_n as_o be_v east-india_n commodity_n and_o lead_v tin_n clothâ—_n bays_n serges_n perpetuano_n as_o native_a and_o the_o english_a also_o bring_v hither_o herring_n white_a and_o red_a pickle_a salmon_n newland_n fish_n pilchard_n calves-skin_n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n merchant_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n a_o great_a merchant_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_v and_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a merchant_n in_o europe_n forget_v not_o that_o his_o ancestor_n do_v raise_v themselves_o by_o traffic_n to_o the_o greatness_n and_o height_n he_o now_o do_v hold_v and_o to_o this_o end_n be_v find_v in_o leghorn_n a_o stock_n proper_o run_v in_o trade_n for_o his_o account_n which_o be_v employ_v in_o traffic_n as_o occasion_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandise_n do_v present_v itself_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o cosmi_fw-la the_o second_o be_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o florence_n that_o have_v the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscaâ—y_n confer_v upon_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n with_o that_o title_n give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o by_o pope_n pius_n the_o five_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o since_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n successor_n have_v desire_v of_o succeed_a pope_n the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o it_o have_v be_v always_o obstruct_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o will_v endure_v no_o king_n in_o italy_n but_o himself_o and_o refuse_v by_o the_o pope_n as_o too_o lordly_a a_o title_n this_o duke_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_v know_v that_o his_o predecessor_n raise_v themselves_o by_o traffic_n to_o the_o greatness_n he_o now_o do_v hold_v his_o territory_n be_v separate_v on_o the_o east_n from_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n by_o the_o river_n pisco_n on_o the_o west_n from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n by_o the_o river_n macra_n on_o the_o north_n from_o romandiola_n and_o marca_n anconitano_n by_o the_o apennine_a hill_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n be_v about_o 260_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o some_o place_n as_o much_o in_o breadth_n the_o country_n between_o florence_n and_o leghorn_n be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n be_v full_a of_o spacious_a field_n and_o fruitful_a valley_n here_o and_o there_o a_o pleasant_a mountain_n equalize_v they_o for_o fertility_n abundant_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o delicious_a wine_n and_o beautify_v with_o many_o delicate_a city_n and_o town_n and_o in_o a_o word_n plentiful_o store_v with_o all_o the_o benediction_n of_o nature_n the_o inhabitant_n profess_v the_o reman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o great_a dukeâ—_n dominion_n may_v be_v fit_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n the_o city_n and_o territory_n first_o of_o florence_n 2._o pisa_n 3._o sienna_n 4._o and_o last_o the_o island_n situate_v in_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n the_o estate_n of_o florence_n take_v up_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n dominion_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o territory_n of_o pisa_n and_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o apennine_a hill_n so_o call_v from_o florence_n the_o principal_a city_n for_o beauty_n and_o trade_n within_o this_o territory_n nicholas_n machiavelli_n that_o unhappy_a man_n be_v once_o secretary_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n who_o but_o for_o publish_v that_o which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v by_o prince_n have_v entail_v a_o edium_fw-la upon_o his_o name_n for_o aught_o any_o know_v to_o all_o posterity_n but_o to_o our_o business_n next_o to_o be_v handle_v which_o be_v the_o description_n and_o trade_n of_o florence_n chap._n clx_o of_o florence_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o florence_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n be_v seat_v near_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n arne_n and_o chian_a and_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a city_n and_o abound_v with_o public_a and_o private_a building_n of_o great_a beauty_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o suppose_a to_o be_v call_v florentia_n à _fw-la situ_fw-la florenti_fw-la it_o be_v in_o compass_n six_o mile_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n who_o here_o have_v a_o sumptuous_a palace_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o do_v consist_v in_o fabric_n of_o silk_n that_o here_o be_v make_v and_o be_v hence_o proper_o call_v and_o in_o the_o exchange_n here_o be_v use_v and_o practise_v by_o banker_n for_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v lose_v the_o honour_n of_o merchandize_v which_o ancient_o they_o have_v when_o eminent_a factor_n from_o hence_o be_v send_v into_o flanders_n and_o england_n and_o to_o other_o country_n to_o reside_v who_o manage_v a_o very_a great_a trade_n now_o total_o decay_v what_o i_o have_v find_v from_o other_o or_o observe_v myself_o 1619._o when_o i_o be_v here_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o for_o the_o present_a occurrence_n of_o the_o place_n florence_n account_n in_o florence_n the_o merchant_n do_v here_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sell_v and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr and_o other_o again_o in_o crown_n sol_fw-la and_o denier_n of_o gold_n of_o liures_fw-fr 7½_n per_fw-la crown_n account_v 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o crown_n but_o all_o their_o commodity_n be_v sell_v by_o laures_n sold_n and_o denier_n of_o their_o money_n and_o to_o reduce_v livre_n into_o crown_n multiply_v by_o 2_o and_o divide_v by_o 15_o because_o 15_o half_a livre_n make_v a_o crown_n and_o to_o reduce_v the_o say_v livre_n into_o ducat_n 1_o 7_o be_v to_o be_v take_v florence_n coin_n current_a in_o
great_a otherwise_o and_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n be_v these_o noremberg_n weight_n of_o noremberg_n there_o be_v here_o but_o one_o pound_n in_o use_n as_o in_o spiers_n of_o which_o be_v also_o compose_v two_o several_a quintar_n agree_v with_o it_o and_z as_o there_o i_o mention_v with_o london_n noremberg_n measure_n of_o noremberg_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n both_o for_o linen_n and_o woollen_a contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o most_o city_n of_o germany_n the_o 100_o ell_n whereof_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n 63._o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n to_o have_v make_v here_o 138_o ells._n noremberg_n exchange_n of_o noremberg_n the_o place_n be_v famous_a also_o for_o the_o great_a exchange_n practise_v therein_o which_o i_o have_v at_o large_a handle_v in_o chapter_n 298_o with_o all_o circumstance_n thereto_o belong_v chap._n cxci_o of_o frankfort_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o frankfort_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o frankfort_n be_v a_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n famous_a for_o the_o common_a assembly_n here_o of_o the_o elector_n for_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o for_o their_o two_o annual_a fair_n as_o also_o for_o many_o parliament_n of_o the_o empire_n hold_v here_o it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o maene_n which_o run_v through_o the_o same_o divide_v the_o city_n into_o two_o part_n which_o be_v unite_v by_o a_o goodly_a bridge_n it_o be_v strong_o encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o large_a plain_n the_o street_n narrow_a and_o the_o house_n build_v of_o timber_n and_o clay_n here_o be_v in_o this_o town_n sanctuary_n for_o bankrupt_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 14_o day_n which_o be_v never_o without_o some_o guest_n and_o company_n from_o some_o one_o adjoin_v city_n or_o other_o and_o if_o in_o those_o 14_o day_n they_o can_v compound_v or_o escape_v then_o by_o all_o wile_n they_o will_v get_v out_o of_o the_o privilege_n thereof_o and_o enter_v in_o again_o begin_v their_o 14_o day_n over_o again_o and_o thus_o be_v find_v to_o do_v for_o six_o month_n or_o a_o year_n together_o there_o be_v find_v in_o their_o mart_n or_o fair_n a_o great_a trade_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n but_o it_o be_v principal_o famous_a for_o book_n which_o from_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v bring_v hither_o print_v and_o disperse_v hence_o the_o town_n consist_v much_o upon_o print_v and_o other_o manual_a arts._n the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n be_v frankfort_n weight_n of_o frankfort_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n of_o which_o be_v make_v 3_o several_a hundred_o or_o quintal_n which_o agree_v with_o that_o of_o heidelberg_n beforementioned_a and_o as_o that_o also_o with_o london_n lipsick_a friburg_n ulm_n iffan_n isuff_n basle_n costute_n and_o domstetter_n hold_v also_o in_o each_o of_o the_o say_a town_n the_o same_o concordancy_n therefore_o here_o need_v no_o further_a repetition_n frankfort_n measure_n of_o frankfort_n frankfort_n be_v find_v to_o have_v two_o several_a measure_n of_o length_n the_o woollen_a and_o linen_n ell_n differ_v about_o 2_o per_fw-la cent_n so_o that_o the_o 100_o ell_n for_o linen_n here_o give_v in_o london_n 48_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o ell_n in_o woollen_a give_v about_o 49_o ell_n london_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n render_v here_o of_o lineâ—_n 169_o ell_n and_o of_o woollen_a 168¼_n incirca_fw-la frankfort_n exchange_n of_o frankfort_n the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v be_v great_a which_o i_o have_v handle_v in_o chapter_n 298._o at_o large_a with_o all_o due_a circumstance_n helvetia_n helvetia_n the_o six_o province_n be_v helvetia_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o 13_o canton_n of_o the_o warlike_a switser_n preserve_v their_o liberty_n by_o their_o valour_n notwithstanding_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n the_o chief_a of_o their_o city_n be_v zurick_n 2_o basil_n a_o university_n 3_o constance_n famous_a for_o the_o council_n here_o hold_v anno_fw-la 1414._o 4_o berne_n 5_o upbaden_n the_o ordinary_a place_n for_o the_o common_a assembly_n of_o the_o say_a canton_n 6_o lucern_n and_o other_o and_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o principal_a of_o these_o a_o word_n in_o pass_v chap._n cxcii_o of_o zurick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o zurick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o zurick_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o lake_n zeurisca_n which_o divide_v the_o same_o into_o two_o part_n which_o again_o be_v unite_v by_o three_o fair_a bridge_n the_o middlemost_a serve_v as_o a_o meeting-place_n for_o merchant_n which_o lake_n run_v into_o the_o brook_n limachus_n which_o pass_v to_o baden_n and_o so_o into_o the_o rhine_n carry_v boat_n by_o which_o commodity_n be_v transportable_a the_o weight_n and_o measâ—…_n in_o use_n be_v zurick_n weight_n of_o zurick_n the_o money_n currant_n in_o the_o swiss_n canton_n i_o shall_v note_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o weight_n then_o here_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 17_o ounce_n of_o which_o be_v make_v the_o 100_o l._n and_o the_o 120_o l._n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o 100_o l._n subtle_a of_o london_n turn_v here_o 93¼_n l._n zurick_n measure_n of_o zurick_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v here_o a_o ell_n the_o 100_o whereof_o render_v in_o london_n 52_o ell_n or_o there_o about_o chap._n cxciii_o of_o basil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o basil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o basil_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n which_o divide_v it_o into_o the_o lesser_a and_o the_o great_a basâ—…_n it_o be_v once_o a_o imperial_a city_n but_o now_o be_v join_v to_o the_o canton_n of_o switserland_n it_o be_v a_o famous_a university_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o student_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o rind_n run_v hence_o through_o germany_n communicate_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o city_n to_o all_o other_o seat_v thereupon_o basil_n weight_n of_o basil_n basil_n be_v find_v in_o weight_n to_o have_v but_o one_o pound_n equal_a with_o frankfort_n and_o heidelburg_n of_o which_o be_v compose_v three_o several_a quintar_n one_o of_o 100_o l._n another_o of_o 120_o l._n and_o the_o three_o of_o 132_o l._n and_o agree_v with_o london_n as_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o heidelburg_n and_o frankfort_n aforemention_v basil_n measure_n of_o basil_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n of_o basil_n be_v the_o ell_n for_o linen_n and_o woollen_a the_o 100_o ell_n whereof_o render_v in_o london_n 48_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o give_v here_o 167¼_n ells._n valesia_n valesia_n the_o seven_o province_n be_v valesia_n seat_v whole_o among_o the_o alps._n sittin_n be_v the_o only_o wall_a town_n of_o this_o province_n boetia_n boetia_n boetia_n be_v the_o eight_o in_o which_o be_v chur_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o grison_n and_o here_o be_v the_o valtoliâ—…_n take_v by_o the_o spaniard_n 1622._o suevia_n suevia_n suevia_n be_v the_o nine_o wherein_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o ulm_n 2_o ausbourg_n 3_o norlinghen_n 4_o ravensperg_n and_o other_o of_o some_o of_o which_o as_o most_o notable_a a_o word_n chap._n cxciv_o of_o ausburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ausburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ausburg_n be_v a_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n govern_v by_o a_o senate_n of_o citizen_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o northern_a mouth_n of_o the_o alps_o in_o a_o fruitful_a plain_n of_o corn_n and_o pasture_n it_o be_v strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v and_o beautify_v with_o many_o house_n of_o freestone_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o story_n high_a in_o this_o city_n live_v those_o famous_a merchant_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o fugger_n who_o have_v build_v here_o many_o public_a building_n and_o many_o private_a which_o at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n be_v let_v to_o the_o poor_a inhabitant_n here_o be_v also_o a_o magnificent_a building_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o merchant_n in_o manner_n of_o our_o royal_a exchange_n call_v common_o the_o berl_n there_o be_v two_o small_a river_n which_o run_v through_o the_o suburb_n and_o be_v commodious_a for_o transportation_n of_o corn_n and_o wine_n which_o this_o country_n of_o schwaben_n or_o suevia_n yield_v in_o great_a quantity_n this_o city_n be_v also_o famous_a for_o the_o confession_n here_o make_v of_o their_o faith_n by_o the_o protestant_a prince_n and_o deliver_v the_o emperor_n anno_fw-la ausburg_n weight_n of_o ausburg_n the_o weight_n of_o ausburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n the_o 100_o l._n be_v the_o quintar_n make_v in_o london_n 109_o l._n and_o this_o agree_v with_o munchen_n wesel_n norlinghen_n and_o some_o other_o place_n of_o germany_n ausburg_n measure_n of_o ausburg_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v here_o the_o ell_n find_v twofold_a the_o one_o for_o woollen_a the_o other_o for_o linen_n and_o
silk_n which_o because_o it_o very_o near_o agree_v with_o frankfort_n of_o which_o i_o have_v make_v mention_n before_o i_o pass_v the_o same_o over_o bavaria_n bavaria_n bavaria_n be_v the_o ten_o province_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v munchen_n on_o the_o river_n aser_n and_o the_o duke_n seat_n 2_o ingolstat_fw-la a_o university_n 3_o ratisbona_n 4_o passave_o 5_o salsburgh_n and_o many_o other_o great_a city_n northgoia_n northgoia_n northgoia_n or_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v the_o eleven_o and_o belong_v total_o to_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v amberg_n who_o silver_n mine_n yield_v yearly_o 60000_o crown_n rend_v to_o the_o prince_n coffer_n 2_o neuburg_n and_o other_o austria_n austria_n austria_n be_v the_o twelve_o wherein_o be_v find_v the_o famous_a city_n of_o vienna_n seat_v on_o danubius_n one_o of_o the_o most_o beautiful_a town_n of_o germany_n and_o wall_v as_o story_n say_v with_o the_o money_n that_o leopold_n the_o duke_n have_v for_o king_n richard_n i._o his_o ransom_n be_v by_o he_o take_v in_o his_o return_n through_o palestine_n gratse_n gratse_n 2_o gratse_n from_o whence_o the_o present_a emperor_n have_v their_o name_n 3_o santo_n vitti_n the_o metropolis_n of_o carinthia_n 4_o newark_n the_o chief_a of_o carniolo_n and_o in_o triolis_n be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o inspurg_n triol_n bolson_n and_o trent_n famous_a for_o the_o council_n here_o hold_v and_o conclude_v after_o 40_o year_n linger_a and_o politic_a delay_n chap._n cxcu._n of_o vienna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o vienna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o vienna_n be_v at_o present_a the_o seat_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o be_v now_o the_o bulwark_n of_o this_o country_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o turk_n who_o have_v more_o than_o once_o in_o vain_a attempt_v it_o on_o the_o north-side_n run_v the_o river_n danow_n which_o here_o divide_v itself_o into_o three_o arm_n encompass_v a_o good_a space_n of_o ground_n and_o then_o meet_v again_o and_o all_o this_o be_v again_o unite_a by_o three_o stone_n bridge_n one_o contain_v 29_o arch_n another_o 57_o arch_n and_o a_o three_o 15_o arch_n each_o arch_n be_v 60_o foot_n asunder_o here_o be_v many_o merchant_n of_o great_a quality_n who_o have_v their_o factor_n in_o venetia_n florence_n and_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n to_o supply_v they_o with_o the_o fabric_n of_o silk_n make_v there_o such_o as_o be_v satin_n damask_n taffata_n velvet_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o such_o like_a vienna_n weight_n of_o vienna_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n here_o be_v the_o pound_n which_o be_v in_o some_o commodity_n divide_v into_o 32_o loot_n in_o some_o into_o 128_o quint_v and_o in_o somo_fw-la into_o 512_o fennings_n of_o which_o pound_n the_o quintar_n be_v make_v which_o be_v 100_o l._n which_o do_v render_v in_o london_n about_o 123_o l._n incirca_fw-la and_o therewith_o be_v find_v idra_n and_o erford_n to_o agree_v the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n make_v here_o 81_o l._n ½_n vienna_n measure_n in_o vienna_n their_o measure_n for_o length_n be_v two_o one_o in_o linen_n and_o the_o other_o in_o woollen_a the_o 100_o yard_n in_o london_n make_v here_o in_o linen_n 103_o ell_n and_o in_o cloth_n and_o silk_n 113_o ells._n vienna_n exchange_n of_o vienna_n there_o be_v here_o as_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o emperor_n a_o great_a exchange_n in_o use_n and_o they_o be_v find_v to_o account_n and_o exchange_v by_o rix_n dollar_n of_o 8_o s._n flemish_n and_o by_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o 12_o s._n flemish_n bohemia_n bohemia_n the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n be_v the_o thirteen_o wherein_o be_v account_v about_o 780_o city_n wall_a town_n and_o castle_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v prague_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 2_o eger_n 3_o buate_n 4_o melmuke_n pilsen_n and_o other_o preslau_n preslau_n and_o in_o this_o tract_n be_v find_v preslau_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o silesia_n gorlitse_fw-la gorlitse_fw-la also_o gorlitso_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o lusatia_n and_o brin_n and_o olmut_v olmut_v olmut_v the_o chief_a of_o moravia_n but_o the_o trade_n of_o bohemia_n i_o will_v comprise_v under_o the_o title_n of_o prague_n here_o follow_v as_o be_v the_o metropolis_n thereof_o chap._n cxcvi_o of_o prague_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o prague_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o city_n of_o prague_n include_v three_o town_n as_o new_a prague_n old_a prague_n and_o a_o city_n inhabit_v by_o jew_n encompass_v with_o one_o wall_n neither_o strong_a nor_o beautiful_a the_o river_n molda_n do_v run_v through_o the_o same_o but_o be_v not_o navigable_a nor_o commodious_a for_o carriage_n or_o transportation_n of_o merchandise_n to_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o much_o addict_v corn_n and_o wine_n be_v the_o prime_a commodity_n the_o country_n afford_v and_o timber_n abundance_n of_o which_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v and_o that_o in_o whole_a piece_n as_o the_o same_o grow_v and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o bark_n thereof_o take_v away_o bohemia_n weight_n of_o prague_n and_o of_o bohemia_n the_o weight_n of_o prague_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n the_o 100_o l._n subtle_a of_o london_n have_v make_v here_o about_o 83_o l._n pasau_n and_o regenborge_n agree_v also_o therewith_o as_o do_v also_o the_o most_o part_n of_o this_o country_n bohemia_n measure_n of_o prague_n and_o of_o bohemia_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n of_o which_o they_o have_v two_o one_o in_o linen_n and_o the_o other_o in_o cloth_n and_o silk_n the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v make_v in_o linen_n 148_o ell_n and_o in_o woollen_a 160_o ells._n vide_fw-la coin_n current_a in_o bohemia_n brandenburg_n brandenburg_n brandenburg_n be_v the_o fourteen_o wherein_o be_v reckon_v 50_o city_n and_o 64_o wall_a town_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v brandenburg_n than_o frankfort_n for_o distinction_n call_v upon_o other_o next_o berlin_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o marquis_n havelburg_n seat_v upon_o havel_n and_o many_o other_o of_o consequence_n whereof_o little_a be_v come_v to_o my_o observation_n therefore_o i_o will_v in_o silence_n pass_v they_o over_o pomerania_n pomerania_n pomerania_n be_v the_o fifteen_o province_n wherein_o be_v find_v statin_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o metropolis_n of_o this_o country_n wallen_n wallen_n then_o wallen_n once_o the_o famous_a mart-town_n of_o all_o these_o country_n the_o russian_n dane_n saxon_n and_o vandal_n have_v here_o their_o particular_a street_n of_o abode_n for_o commence_v and_o trade_n but_o ruin_v by_o war_n the_o trade_n be_v remove_v to_o lubeck_n where_o yet_o in_o some_o measure_n it_o be_v find_v to_o continue_v still_o mecklenburg_n mecklenburg_n mecklenburg_n be_v the_o sixteenth_o province_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o malchan_n sternbâ—…g_n wismar_n and_o some_o other_o saxony_n saxony_n saxony_n be_v the_o seventeen_o province_n wherein_o be_v find_v many_o city_n of_o note_n the_o principal_a be_v first_o erford_n one_o of_o the_o fair_a in_o germany_n 2_o irne_n a_o university_n for_o physician_n 3_o smalcald_a famous_a for_o the_o protestant_a league_n here_o make_v 4_o dresden_n seat_v on_o the_o albis_n and_o the_o duke_n magazine_n for_o war_n and_o arm_n for_o 30000_o horse_n and_o foot_n over_o in_o readiness_n at_o a_o day_n warn_v 5_o lipsick_a a_o university_n which_o yearly_o do_v yield_v the_o duke_n for_o custom_n of_o beer_n drink_v and_o transport_v 20000_o l._n sterling_a 6_o wittenberg_n a_o university_n and_o the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o electâ—_fw-la of_o saxony_n and_o 7_o maidenburg_n where_o it_o be_v say_v luther_n study_v divinity_n of_o some_o of_o these_o a_o word_n chap._n cxcvii_o of_o lipsick_a and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lipsick_a and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lipsick_a be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_a of_o most_o fruitful_a corn_n ground_n the_o street_n fair_a and_o the_o chief_a house_n build_v of_o freestone_n of_o roof_n high_a it_o be_v account_v also_o a_o university_n but_o find_v to_o be_v of_o no_o great_a note_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o wittenberg_n they_o have_v for_o some_o trespass_n lose_v those_o great_a privilege_n they_o former_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o their_o trade_n be_v not_o account_v great_a they_o may_v now_o neither_o fortify_v their_o town_n nor_o wind_v a_o horn_n in_o the_o night-watche_n as_o other_o city_n in_o germany_n do_v nor_o yet_o use_v red_a wax_n in_o their_o public_a seal_n or_o contract_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o account_v in_o germany_n sign_n of_o freedom_n the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n be_v these_o lipsick_a weight_n of_o lipsick_a the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v three_o quintar_n one_o of_o 100_o l._n another_o of_o 120_o l._n and_o a_o three_o of_o 132_o l._n vide_fw-la more_fw-mi
hereof_o in_o frankfort_n and_o heidelberg_n with_o which_o it_o be_v find_v to_o accord_v lipsick_a measure_n of_o lipsick_a lipsick_a have_v two_o measure_n one_o for_o woollen_a and_o the_o other_o for_o linen_n 14_o per_fw-la cent_n difference_n for_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n do_v make_v in_o woollen_a commodity_n 100_o ell_n and_o in_o linen_n 140_o ells._n lipsick_a account_n and_o exchange_n of_o lipsick_a the_o merchant_n here_o account_v by_o mark_n of_o 32_o gross_a and_o the_o gross_a be_v 12_o heller_n but_o they_o exchange_v by_o florin_n of_o breslow_n 30_o to_o have_v posito_fw-la in_o noremberg_n 32_o florin_n and_o in_o vienna_n 34_o florin_n chap._n cxcviii_o of_o wittenberg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o wittenburgh_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o wittenberg_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o plain_a sandy_a ground_n account_v a_o university_n wherein_o they_o proverbial_o say_v a_o man_n shall_v meet_v nothing_o but_o whore_n scholar_n and_o swine_n which_o show_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v little_a trade_n as_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o student_n and_o peradventure_o by_o the_o flesh_n of_o swine_n and_o woman_n but_o by_o what_o weight_n and_o measure_n the_o same_o be_v propertion_v to_o they_o i_o be_o to_o seek_v therefore_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o next_o merchant_n that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v his_o observation_n thereupon_o chap._n cxcix_o of_o dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o saxony_n dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n be_v a_o fair_a town_n and_o strong_o fortify_v in_o which_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n keep_v his_o court_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o magnificent_a stable_n and_o armoury_n which_o the_o duke_n keep_v here_o in_o a_o continual_a readiness_n the_o river_n elve_n divide_v the_o town_n into_o two_o part_n the_o new_a and_o the_o old_a which_o be_v very_o strong_a both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o germany_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o trade_n and_o the_o river_n do_v much_o further_a their_o endeavour_n but_o nature_n afford_v they_o a_o rich_a soil_n take_v away_o much_o of_o their_o edge_n for_o it_o be_v ever_o find_v that_o the_o barren_a soil_n afford_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o great_a encouragement_n their_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v saxony_n weight_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n mizzen_n and_o all_o saxony_n be_v find_v to_o have_v three_o weight_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n make_v of_o zigostatica_fw-la or_o the_o prince_n weight_n 96_o l._n of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 92_o l._n of_o merchonts_n weight_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o 144_o l._n of_o the_o common_a weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n saxony_n measure_n of_o saxony_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v two_o agree_v with_o lipsick_a abovementioned_a on_o which_o i_o need_v not_o further_o insist_v brunswick_n brunswick_n brunswick_n be_v the_o eighteen_o province_n wherein_o be_v brunswick_n the_o principal_a city_n second_o wolfiabolt_n where_o the_o duke_n common_o reside_v three_o alberstade_n than_o lunenberg_n and_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n chap._n cc._o of_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o brunswick_n comprehend_v in_o one_o five_o several_a city_n and_o be_v a_o free_a imperial_a town_n strong_o fortify_v in_o some_o place_n with_o two_o and_o in_o other_o with_o three_o wall_n and_o encompass_v with_o the_o river_n anchor_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v find_v addict_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o morning_n but_o their_o intemperance_n at_o night_n take_v away_o all_o thought_n thereof_o they_o be_v great_a husbandman_n the_o earth_n answer_v their_o labour_n which_o yield_v they_o plenty_n of_o corn_n both_o for_o their_o own_o and_o their_o neighbour_n want_v the_o earth_n yield_v they_o rich_a reward_n to_o their_o labour_n and_o their_o afternoon_n hour_n spend_v in_o good-fellowship_n make_v i_o imagine_v there_o may_v be_v some_o trade_n among_o they_o which_o in_o particular_a i_o permit_v the_o reader_n in_o silence_n to_o conceive_v chap._n cci_o of_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lunenburg_n be_v a_o free_a imperial_a city_n over_o which_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n challenge_v a_o superiority_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v fair_o build_v of_o bâ—ick_n and_o well_o and_o strong_o fortify_v for_o its_o safeguard_v and_o defence_n with_o deep_a ditch_n and_o thick_a mud_n wall_n lunenbur_n salt_n fountain_n in_o lunenbur_n it_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o the_o natural_a fountain_n of_o salt_n here_o find_v over_o which_o be_v build_v a_o spacious_a house_n that_o contain_v fifty_o two_o room_n and_o every_o room_n have_v eight_o several_a cauldron_n of_o lead_n wherein_o be_v boil_v eight_o tun_n of_o salt_n daily_o the_o profit_n whereof_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o several_a part_n one_o part_n to_o the_o city_n one_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o another_o to_o a_o monastery_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v earl_n their_o trade_n be_v not_o otherwise_o of_o very_o great_a consequence_n hassia_n hassia_n the_o nineteenth_o province_n be_v hassia_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o dormstade_n marburg_n a_o university_n and_o some_o other_o veteravia_n veteravia_n veteravia_n be_v the_o twenty_o province_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o friburg_n hanau_n dullinburg_n nassau_n catzenbogen_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n chap._n ccii_o of_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o friburg_n be_v of_o round_a form_n environ_v altogether_o with_o high_a mountain_n friburg_n silver_n mine_n of_o friburg_n have_v within_o it_o many_o vault_n and_o cave_n to_o go_v under_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o citizen_n go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n by_o night_n to_o work_v in_o the_o silver-mine_n find_v in_o those_o adjoin_a hill_n and_o at_o certain_a hour_n be_v call_v back_o by_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell_n their_o work_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o night_n and_o their_o rest_n be_v by_o day_n and_o their_o residence_n be_v note_v to_o be_v more_o under_o ground_n than_o above_o in_o their_o house_n the_o profit_v thereof_o belong_v half_a to_o the_o citizen_n and_o half_a to_o the_o elector_n to_o who_o the_o country_n appertain_v friburg_n weight_n of_o friburg_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n in_o friburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v three_o several_a quintar_n one_o of_o 100_o l._n another_o of_o 120_o l._n and_o a_o three_o of_o 132_o l._n agree_v with_o frankfort_n heidelberg_n and_o lipsick_a as_o before_o friburg_n measure_n of_o friburg_n the_o long_a measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o be_v inch_n london_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v also_o comprehend_v the_o three_o imperial_a city_n of_o stoad_n hamburgh_n and_o lâ—beck_n which_o acknowledge_v no_o sovereign_n be_v free_a and_o hans-town_n i_o shall_v here_o touch_v and_o first_o of_o stoad_n chap._n cciii_o of_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o stand_v be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o one_o of_o the_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o of_o those_o sea-town_n which_o from_o the_o privilege_n of_o trassick_n with_o their_o neighbour_n be_v call_v hans-town_n it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n upon_o the_o river_n elve_n in_o which_o stream_n they_o maintain_v certain_a buoys_n to_o guide_v the_o enter_a ship_n the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v for_o a_o while_o their_o residence_n here_o force_v thereto_o by_o the_o discourteous_a usage_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n and_o before_o their_o arrival_n this_o town_n be_v so_o poor_a that_o they_o sell_v the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n and_o some_o other_o such_o right_n to_o hamburgh_n by_o who_o company_n they_o grow_v rich_a not_o without_o the_o envy_n and_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n who_o often_o attempt_v though_o in_o vain_a by_o naval_a force_n to_o forbid_v the_o arrival_n of_o the_o english_a at_o stoad_n who_o as_o they_o have_v grieve_v have_v their_o seat_n with_o they_o as_o well_o by_o exaction_n as_o prohibit_v they_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n so_o then_o have_v see_v and_o smart_v for_o their_o error_n they_o never_o leave_v till_o partly_o by_o fair_a mean_n and_o partly_o by_o threat_n they_o labour_v their_o return_n which_o afterward_o be_v perform_v and_o where_o at_o this_o day_n they_o hold_v their_o principal_a court_n and_o residence_n the_o present_a trade_n of_o stoad_n be_v but_o small_a depend_v much_o upon_o the_o privilege_n they_o have_v in_o pre-emption_a and_o choice_a of_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n pass_v by_o their_o city_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n but_o they_o have_v grashes_n ortals_n and_o dollar_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o stoad_n coin_n of_o stoad_n
tallow_n hemp_n cable_n yarn_n coil_n or_o lard-rope_n and_o all_o gross_a commodity_n and_o be_v a_o russ_n ship_n pound_n 10_o pood_n make_v a_o bercovet_n which_o make_v 300_o l._n subtle_a averdupois_n so_o that_o all_o good_n be_v buy_v there_o by_o the_o bercovet_n or_o ship_n pound_n be_v hell_n 10_o per_fw-la cent_n profit_n for_o common_o the_o english_a merchant_n reckon_v the_o over-weight_n to_o pay_v the_o freight_n of_o some_o good_n so_o buy_v moscovia_n measure_n of_o moscovia_n the_o measure_n in_o length_n here_o general_o use_v be_v call_v a_o archin_v be_v a_o brabant_n ell_n and_o ½_n a_o nail_n or_o something_o more_o than_o ¼_n of_o a_o english_a yard_n reckon_v by_o the_o english_a merchant_n there_o resident_a two_o per_fw-la cent_n more_o and_o may_v be_v incirca_fw-la 28_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o 100_o archin_n may_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o in_o 78_o yard_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n be_v here_o 128½_n archin_n or_o thereabouts_o moscovia_n commodity_n of_o moscovia_n the_o native_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n in_o general_n i_o have_v already_o nominate_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o i_o shall_v particular_o view_v they_o and_o the_o ordinary_a rate_n they_o carry_v in_o price_n together_o with_o the_o mark_n whereby_o their_o goodness_n and_o quality_n be_v discern_v sable_n sable_n their_o most_o precious_a commodity_n and_o merchandise_n hence_o export_v by_o foreign_a nation_n be_v their_o rich_a fur_n the_o principal_n be_v the_o sable_n buy_v common_o by_o the_o timber_n which_o contain_v 40_o skin_n which_o must_v be_v large_a and_o well-coloured_a and_o be_v find_v of_o all_o price_n as_o in_o goodness_n from_o 15_o to_o 200_o rubble_n the_o timber_n fox_n black_a fox_n black_a fox-skin_n be_v know_v among_o all_o northern_a merchant_n for_o the_o rich_a fur_n in_o the_o world_n and_o be_v here_o find_v in_o great_a store_n bear_v a_o price_n as_o in_o largeness_n and_o growth_n from_o 5_o to_o 200_o rubble_n apiece_o otter_n otter_n oter-skin_n be_v here_o find_v plenty_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o river_n of_o this_o country_n account_v the_o region_n of_o spring_n and_o stream_n sell_v by_o the_o timber_n of_o 40_o skin_n from_o 5_o to_o 40_o rubble_n the_o timber_n minikin_n minikin_n minikin_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o timber_n of_o 40_o skin_n and_o common_o sell_v about_o 6_o rubble_n the_o timber_n martin_n martin_n martin_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o timber_n of_o 40_o skin_n about_o 15_o rubble_n per_fw-la timber_n rise_v as_o find_v in_o richness_n of_o hair_n ermine_n ermine_n ermine_n sell_v also_o by_o the_o timber_n of_o 40_o skin_n about_o 2_o rubble_n per_fw-la timber_n squirrel_n squirrel_n grawert_n or_o squirrel_n sell_v by_o the_o thousand_o as_o in_o goodness_n from_o 14_o to_o 30_o rubble_n the_o thousand_o dun_a fox_n red_a and_o white_a and_o dun_a red_a fox_n by_o the_o 10_o skin_n at_o 10_o or_o 15_o noble_n the_o 10_o skin_n white_a fox_n by_o the_o piece_n about_o 5_o altin_n the_o piece_n dun_a fox_n by_o the_o piece_n about_o 40_o altin_n the_o piece_n sable_a rand_n sell_v by_o the_o pair_n from_o 2_o to_o 6_o rubble_n the_o pair_n bever_n bever_n bever-wooll_n be_v a_o staple_n commodity_n also_o of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o sell_v by_o the_o pound_n about_o 2½_n rubbles_n per_fw-la pound_n bever_n womb_n also_o by_o the_o pound_n be_v a_o thin_a skin_n and_o well_o grow_v be_v common_o worth_a 1½_n rubble_n per_fw-la pound_n these_o be_v the_o ordinary_a fur_n which_o their_o northern_a climate_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n the_o next_o find_v be_v these_o wax_v bee_n wax_v yellow_a wax_n be_v here_o find_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o bee_n and_o hand_n of_o man_n in_o great_a abundance_n sell_v by_o the_o pood_n which_o be_v 40_o l._n here_o the_o hard_a and_o best_a colour_a bear_n price_n here_o common_o about_o 4_o in_o 5_o rubble_n the_o pood_n tallow_n tallow_n tallow_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o berquet_n which_o be_v 10_o pood_n be_v clean_o white_a and_o hard_a about_o 7_o in_o 8_o rubble_n the_o berquet_n tar._n tar._n tar_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o hogshead_n be_v thick_a as_o the_o best_a be_v common_o worth_a per_fw-la hogshead_n of_o gallon_n english_a oil_n train_z oil_n train_z oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v half_a a_o hogshead_n and_o discern_v by_o its_o clearness_n without_o ground_n and_o of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n about_o 4_o rubble_n per_fw-la barrel_n of_o gallon_n english_a hemp._n hemp._n hemp_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o berquet_n of_o 10_o pood_n be_v clean_a and_o green_a bear_v price_n common_o from_o 3_o to_o 5_o rubble_n the_o 10_o pood_n flax._fw-la flax._fw-la flax_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o bercovet_n the_o bright_a silver-colour_n be_v hold_v the_o best_a common_o about_o 7_o rubble_n the_o bercovet_n yarn_n cable_n yarn_n cable_n yarn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o bercovet_n and_o be_v well_o spin_v round_o and_o not_o too_o much_o twist_v from_o 67½_n rubble_n the_o bercovet_n coyl_v coyl_v coyl_v or_o tard_fw-fr rope_n by_o the_o bercovet_n about_o 7_o rubble_n the_o bercovet_n where_o note_n that_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n hither_o trade_v buy_v here_o great_a quantity_n of_o hemp_n and_o spin_v it_o out_o here_o into_o yarn_n to_o save_v the_o charge_n of_o freight_v every_o 1000_o pood_n do_v cost_v about_o 100_o or_o 110_o rubble_n charge_n and_o if_o the_o hemp_n prove_v good_a there_o be_v find_v near_o ¼_n loss_n if_o bad_a so_o much_o more_o and_o worth_a be_v in_o cable_n yarn_n as_o i_o say_v above_o from_z 6_o to_o 7½_n rubble_n the_o bercovet_n cow-hides_a cow-hides_a dry_a cow-hides_a be_v large_a and_o weighty_a be_v sell_v by_o the_o 100_o hide_v worth_a from_o 40_o to_o 44_o rubble_n the_o 100_o evit_n evit_n red_a evit_n by_o the_o pair_n at_o 2½_n rubbles_n per_fw-la pair_n and_o sometime_o sell_v by_o the_o pood_n at_o 40_o rubble_n per_fw-la pood_n and_o note_v that_o the_o white_a be_v common_o worst_a esteem_v by_o ⅕_n in_o price_n losh-hides_a losh-hides_a losh-hides_a be_v sell_v by_o the_o piece_n the_o large_a and_o not_o worm-eaten_a be_v the_o best_a from_o 6_o greven_n to_o 5_o rubble_n the_o piece_n as_o in_o goodness_n feather_n feather_n duck-feather_n sell_v by_o the_o pood_n as_o in_o goodness_n from_o 3_o to_o 5_o rubble_n the_o pood_n caviar_n caviar_n caviar_n be_v also_o a_o principal_a commodity_n here_o sell_v by_o the_o pood_n and_o common_o worth_a 40_o altines_n the_o pood_n linens_n linens_n coarse_a linen_n be_v make_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n sell_v by_o the_o 1000_o archin_n of_o ½_n yard_n and_o ¾_n the_o broad_a from_o 15_o to_o 20_o rubble_n the_o 1000_o archin_n as_o find_v in_o fineness_n some_o other_o commodity_n this_o country_n afford_v which_o i_o omit_v as_o of_o no_o great_a consequence_n chap._n ccxxi_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o moscovia_n moscovia_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o moscovia_n the_o excellent_a commodity_n of_o the_o great_a river_n that_o in_o all_o place_n of_o this_o large_a empire_n be_v find_v to_o water_n and_o enrich_v this_o country_n shall_v much_o incite_v this_o nation_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n but_o it_o be_v often_o find_v that_o where_o nature_n be_v most_o liberal_a in_o her_o furtherance_n the_o inhabitant_n prove_v most_o backward_o in_o their_o endeavour_n the_o natural_a coldness_n of_o the_o climate_n enclose_v the_o people_n into_o their_o warm_a stove_n and_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o in_o some_o respect_n resemble_v dog_n neither_o suffer_v the_o moscovite_n to_o traffic_v nor_o yet_o traffic_v themselves_o by_o their_o continual_a harry_v of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o often_o incursion_n and_o war_n of_o the_o swede_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n serve_v they_o for_o a_o reasonable_a excuse_n yet_o it_o be_v sound_a that_o these_o war_n prove_v main_a help_n sometime_o to_o their_o traffic_n especial_o in_o fur_n for_o their_o body_n thereby_o enure_v to_o cold_a and_o hardness_n make_v the_o pastime_n of_o hunt_v a_o profitable_a exercise_n in_o the_o worst_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o their_o merchandise_n come_v to_o they_o very_o near_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o it_o whole_o depend_v upon_o manufacture_n and_o labour_n for_o cordage_n linens_n and_o yarn_n they_o have_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o their_o hide_n tallow_n and_o wax_n upon_o the_o same_o the_o caviar_n and_o train_n oil_n and_o some_o other_o such_o by_o fish_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v they_o be_v more_o addict_v to_o husbandry_n and_o fish_v than_o to_o merchandise_v the_o english_a about_o the_o year_n 1575._o first_o discover_v the_o trade_n and_o find_v here_o good_a entertainment_n and_o great_a privilege_n from_o the_o then_o reign_v prince_n and_o the_o first_o
adventurer_n of_o london_n hold_v the_o same_o proportion_n in_o the_o jotegrity_n of_o their_o deal_n and_o in_o the_o squareness_n of_o their_o performance_n with_o both_o the_o aforenamed_a their_o excellent_a government_n and_o their_o ancient_a order_n preserve_v and_o maintain_v be_v every_o where_o both_o applaud_v and_o commend_v the_o city_n of_o hamburgh_n rotterdam_n and_o other_o in_o the_o notherlands_n by_o their_o submissive_a seek_v for_o their_o residence_n and_o their_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n grant_v they_o during_o that_o time_n be_v a_o sure_a testimony_n that_o speak_v their_o welcome_a every_n where_o and_o a_o assure_a token_n of_o that_o city_n decay_n that_o with_o leave_v from_o england_n they_o furnish_v they_o with_o clothes_n of_o sundry_a shire_n and_o some_o other_o commodity_n monthly_a as_o by_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o navigation_n they_o find_v it_o needful_a and_o proper_a to_o their_o traffic_n and_o from_o thence_o furnish_v england_n with_o tapestry_n diaper_n cambric_n holland_n lawn_n hops_n mather_n steel_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o many_o other_o manufacture_n as_o blade_n stuff_n soap_n latin_a wire_n and_o plate_n and_o here_o also_o this_o nation_n be_v account_v the_o most_o current_a and_o merchant-like_a nation_n that_o traffic_v or_o have_v any_o commerce_n among_o they_o company_n the_o eastland_n and_o moscovia_n company_n the_o east_n country_n merchant_n and_o the_o moscovia_n company_n do_v also_o challenge_v a_o part_n in_o this_o great_a trade_n of_o england_n and_o add_v some_o perfection_n to_o the_o traffic_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n nor_o do_v their_o fair_a deal_v there_o come_v behind_o any_o of_o their_o fellow-citizen_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o esteem_v than_o any_o other_o foreign_a nation_n there_o resident_a they_o export_v hence_o principal_o cloth_n at_o the_o best_a commodity_n also_o tin_n lead_v with_o some_o spice_n of_o india_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o return_v thence_o ash_n claphoard_a copper_n deal_v rich_a fur_n mast_n pipe-stave_n rye_n tunber_n wainscot_n wheat_n fustian_n iron_n latin_n linen_n mather_n quicksilver_n flax_n hemp_n steel_n caviar_n cordage_n hides_n honey_n tar_n ropes_n tallow_n pitch_n wax_n rosin_n and_o sundry_a other_o merchant_n the_o french_a merchant_n what_o shall_v i_o say_v to_o the_o french_a company_n the_o greenland_n company_n the_o merchant_n trade_v into_o spein_n barbary_n guiney_n benyn_n italy_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n but_o that_o they_o also_o challenge_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o traffic_n of_o this_o city_n and_o kingdom_n for_o the_o french_a merchant_n carry_v hence_o english_a clothes_n kersey_n bay_n gall_n silk_n and_o cotton_n of_o turkey_n and_o for_o the_o same_o return_n buckram_n canvas_n card_n glass_n grain_n linen_n salt_n claret_n and_o white_a wine_n woad_n oil_n almond_n pepper_n some_o silk_n stuff_v and_o some_o other_o petty_a manufacture_n merchant_n the_o spanish_a merchant_n the_o merchant_n trade_v into_o spain_n carry_v hence_o bay_n sesse_n serges_n perpetuane_n lead_v tin_n herring_n pilchard_n salmon_n newland-fish_n calf-skin_n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n and_o in_o return_n furnish_v england_n with_o wine_n of_o xere_n malaga_n bastard_n candado_fw-es and_o alicant_n rosin_n olive_n oil_n sugar_n soap_n anniseed_n liquorish_a soda_fw-it barilla_o pate_n and_o sundry_a west_n india_n commodity_n neither_o have_v spanish_a and_o portugal_n any_o ill_a opinion_n of_o the_o deal_v and_o traffic_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n for_o though_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n they_o have_v the_o best_a conceit_n and_o opinion_n of_o their_o own_o greatness_n and_o punctual_a worth_n and_o have_v of_o late_o change_v the_o name_n of_o mercador_fw-es into_o cergador_fw-es how_o improper_a i_o refer_v to_o their_o own_o language_n yet_o account_v they_o the_o english_a next_z to_o themselves_o the_o principal_a and_o fair_a deal_v merchant_n in_o the_o world_n company_n the_o italian_a company_n the_o merchant_n of_o england_n trade_v to_o naples_n sicilia_n genoa_n legorn_v and_o venice_n etc._n etc._n which_o here_o i_o term_v italy_n be_v not_o observe_v to_o have_v any_o joint-stock_n or_o company_n yet_o to_o the_o honour_n and_o benefit_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o city_n transport_v hence_o bay_n sesse_n serges_n perpetuane_n kersey_n lead_v tin_n cloth_n and_o many_o other_o native_a commodity_n beside_o pepper_n indigo_n clove_n and_o other_o indian_a commodity_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o for_o return_n have_v clothes_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n satin_n velvet_n taffeta_n plush_n tabin_n damask_n allom_n oil_n glass_n aniseed_n rice_n venice_n gold_n and_o silver_n great_a quantity_n of_o raw_a silk_n of_o sundry_a sort_n and_o divers_a other_o commodity_n and_o here_o likewise_o all_o other_o nation_n willing_o give_v place_n to_o the_o english_a as_o the_o principal_a merchant_n that_o either_o abide_v among_o they_o or_o negotiate_v with_o they_o i_o need_v not_o insist_v here_o upon_o the_o relicl_n of_o that_o famous_a barbary_n trade_n nor_o yet_o mention_v the_o petty_a adventure_n of_o the_o english_a to_o guniney_n and_o benny_n though_o otherwise_o they_o be_v concurrent_a to_o the_o traffic_n of_o this_o nation_n neither_o go_v about_o to_o particularize_v the_o large_a traffic_n of_o this_o island_n to_o their_o plantation_n of_o newfoundland_n summer-island_n virginia_n barbadoes_n and_o new-england_n and_o to_o other_o place_n which_o right_o challenge_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o present_a trade_n and_o traffic_n of_o this_o kingdom_n therefore_o omit_v what_o may_v be_v further_o say_v in_o this_o point_n and_o have_v thus_o survey_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o island_n in_o particular_a and_o show_v the_o commodity_n export_v and_o import_v by_o every_o note_a company_n and_o society_n i_o shall_v now_o speak_v a_o word_n concern_v the_o navigation_n of_o this_o nation_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a and_o principal_a mean_n by_o which_o this_o traffic_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v preserve_v unto_o they_o at_o this_o day_n europe_n the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a famous_a throughout_o europe_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o look_v back_o into_o former_a age_n nor_o trouble_v myself_o to_o search_v after_o old_a record_n that_o express_v the_o worth_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n at_o sea_n in_o old_a time_n it_o suffice_v i_o to_o understand_v and_o know_v that_o these_o present_a time_n wherein_o we_o live_v be_v not_o any_o way_n inferior_a in_o this_o point_n to_o the_o former_a nor_o the_o real_a value_n nor_o valour_n of_o the_o english_a any_o way_n decay_v or_o alter_v from_o its_o former_a ancient_a greatness_n to_o its_o present_a splendour_n what_o they_o have_v do_v let_v history_n remember_v and_o what_o they_o now_o do_v let_v the_o world_n witness_n and_o testify_v throughout_o europe_n what_o creek_n or_o port_n in_o europe_n have_v they_o not_o seek_v out_o and_o find_v nay_o how_o many_o of_o they_o have_v fight_v against_o hunger_n cold_a and_o all_o extremity_n to_o find_v new_a northern_a passaget_n to_o the_o southern_a region_n america_n in_o america_n and_o though_o the_o south_n sea_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o america_n be_v at_o this_o day_n debar_v to_o they_o and_o their_o navigation_n yet_o their_o will_n herein_o be_v more_o bound_v to_o their_o prince_n pleasure_n in_o a_o faithful_a obedience_n to_o his_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o that_o don_n that_o challenge_v those_o vast_a country_n than_o any_o way_n in_o fear_n of_o his_o greatness_n or_o his_o naval_a power_n by_o sea_n as_o may_v witness_v their_o attempt_n navigation_n and_o plantation_n in_o many_o part_n of_o that_o country_n not_o limit_v or_o forbid_v by_o that_o treaty_n africa_n in_o africa_n as_o for_o their_o navigation_n to_o africa_n begin_v at_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n and_o so_o sail_v to_o tunis_n argier_n and_o ceuta_n and_o thence_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o guiney_n and_o benyn_n to_o cape_n bona_n esperansa_n then_o to_o mombasa_n melinda_n brava_n cape_n guard_v fuy_v and_o into_o the_o red-sea_n gulf_n and_o tell_v i_o where_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v not_o be_v or_o what_o place_n or_o port_n be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o they_o asia_n in_o asia_n and_o if_o you_o survey_v the_o maritime_a shore_n of_o asia_n and_o begin_v at_o sue_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a gulf_n and_o so_o to_o aclon_n dieu_fw-fr cambaia_n ormus_n surat_n goa_n cochin_n mesulapatam_n pegu_n camboi_n cauch_n china_n maocau_n and_o to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o china_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n and_o cathay_n and_o all_o the_o adjacent_a island_n they_o have_v all_o be_v for_o many_o year_n both_o well_o acquaint_v to_o our_o seaman_n and_o not_o unfrequented_a by_o our_o merchant_n and_o trader_n and_o for_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o euxine_a and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o asia_n comprise_v from_o thence_o by_o constantinople_n to_o scanderoon_n and_o so_o to_o alexandria_n every_o week_n bring_v we_o tiding_n of_o the_o
of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n in_o general_a of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n five_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n five_o to_o make_v these_o table_n complete_a and_o the_o rule_n of_o these_o exchange_n to_o be_v true_o and_o right_o understand_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o as_o all_o exchange_n have_v a_o settle_a rate_n and_o price_n by_o which_o the_o taker_n take_v and_o the_o giver_n by_o covenant_n give_v it_o so_o be_v there_o likewise_o a_o certain_a positive_a term_n and_o time_n limit_v wherein_o and_o at_o which_o day_n expire_v the_o factor_n of_o the_o taker_n or_o his_o assign_v repay_v the_o covenant_v sum_n to_o the_o factor_n or_o assign_v of_o the_o giver_n thereof_o which_o term_n oâ—_n time_n be_v of_o differ_a space_n of_o day_n prefix_v the_o common_a term_n or_o time_n by_o which_o all_o bill_n in_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v find_v usual_o to_o be_v five_o which_o be_v first_o at_o sight_n of_o the_o bill_n second_o at_o usance_n three_o at_o double_a usance_n fourthly_a at_o half_a usance_n five_o at_o mart_n fair_n etc._n etc._n which_o five_o term_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o understand_v sight_n 1._o at_o sight_n first_o then_o at_o sight_n or_o so_o many_o day_n after_o sight_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v so_o long_a a_o term_n or_o time_n as_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n will_v be_v after_o the_o delivery_n go_v to_o that_o place_n where_o it_o be_v covenant_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pay_v and_o upon_o the_o show_n and_o sight_n thereof_o or_o at_o so_o many_o day_n after_o as_o be_v specify_v therein_o it_o must_v be_v pay_v and_o answer_v according_o usance_n 2._o at_o usance_n second_o at_o usance_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v of_o a_o different_a term_n and_o space_n of_o time_n sometime_o consist_v of_o 8_o day_n as_o from_o rome_n to_o naples_n sometime_o of_o 10_o day_n as_o from_o genova_n to_o rome_n sometime_o of_o 30_o day_n as_o from_o london_n to_o roven_n to_o antwerp_n to_o middleburgh_n to_o amsterdam_n and_o so_o to_o other_o place_n sometime_o of_o 60_o day_n or_o two_o month_n as_o from_o london_n to_o hamburgh_n from_o antwerp_n to_o rome_n and_o to_o venice_n and_o to_o florence_n to_o naples_n to_o palermo_n and_o so_o to_o other_o place_n sometime_o again_o usance_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v 90_o day_n or_o three_o month_n as_o from_o london_n to_o venice_n florence_n naples_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o several_a custom_n of_o the_o say_v distant_a several_a place_n where_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o ever_o account_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n usance_n 3._o at_o double_a usance_n three_o at_o double_a usance_n which_o consider_v the_o say_a place_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v double_a the_o former_a space_n of_o single_a usance_n be_v either_o of_o 8_o 10_o 30_o 60_o or_o 90_o day_n double_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v and_o account_v also_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n usance_n 4._o at_o half_a usance_n four_o at_o half_a usance_n this_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v half_o the_o abovesaid_a limit_a term_n or_o time_n according_a as_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o that_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v and_o account_v also_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n mart_n 5._o at_o fair_n and_o mart_n five_o at_o mart_n or_o fair_n which_o by_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n be_v call_v la_fw-fr fiera_fw-fr and_o this_o space_n of_o time_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v at_o some_o certain_a day_n account_v for_o fair_n in_o the_o say_a place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v to_o be_v payable_a as_o be_v find_v in_o placentia_n quarterly_a four_o time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o like_v observe_v general_o in_o lion_n and_o in_o castille_n at_o three_o time_n of_o the_o year_n account_v as_o in_o three_o bank_n 1._o i_o alas_o fieras_n de_fw-fr vilaleon_n 2._o de_fw-fr medina_n del_fw-it campo_n 3._o de_fw-fr medina_n del_fw-it rio_n sicco_fw-it which_o place_n be_v as_o public_a mart_n whereunto_o merchant_n do_v use_v to_o give_v and_o take_v sometime_o to_o benefit_n themselves_o by_o exchange_n as_o in_o the_o abovesaid_a place_n and_o sometime_o to_o buy_v commodity_n and_o supply_v their_o occasion_n as_o be_v use_v twice_o a_o year_n for_o some_o mart_n in_o germany_n as_o i_o have_v touch_v more_o large_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o say_a city_n chap._n ccci_o how_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n in_o exchange_n be_v settle_v settle_v how_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o exchanger_n be_v settle_v the_o next_o thing_n considerable_a yet_o to_o be_v handle_v for_o the_o explanation_n of_o these_o table_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o rate_n and_o price_n itself_o for_o see_v that_o so_o many_o merchant_n of_o great_a eminence_n who_o estate_n be_v continual_o traverse_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o and_o from_o one_o coin_n to_o another_o do_v daily_o and_o constant_o give_v and_o take_v as_o their_o occasion_n and_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n conduce_v to_o their_o profit_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o their_o great_a purse_n shall_v prescribe_v the_o rule_n and_o rate_v thereto_o which_o be_v see_v so_o various_o to_o alter_v and_o daily_o to_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o the_o continual_a current_n of_o those_o and_o other_o that_o use_v this_o mystery_n yet_o notwithstanding_o not_o find_v that_o they_o have_v any_o determinate_a power_n or_o stroke_n in_o give_v the_o price_n thereto_o though_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o such_o have_v a_o conduce_v hand_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o may_v be_v â—ound_v that_o their_o opinion_n concur_v with_o the_o universal_a opinion_n of_o the_o rest_n interest_v in_o this_o mystical_a body_n of_o exchange_n and_o therefore_o to_o explain_v myself_o it_o may_v fit_o here_o be_v demand_v how_o those_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v set_v and_o then_o continue_v or_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o same_o be_v see_v so_o frequent_o to_o vary_v and_o alter_v in_o foreign_a part_n whereto_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o banker_n in_o italy_n spain_n and_o france_n be_v now_o a_o day_n find_v to_o be_v the_o only_a great_a taker_n and_o deliverer_n of_o money_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o principal_a place_n aforesaid_a as_o namely_o aâ—_n lion_n in_o france_n madrid_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o spain_n florence_n genova_n venetia_n and_o such_o other_o place_n in_o italy_n a_o constant_a meeting_n and_o there_o by_o certain_a ticket_n in_o writing_n deliver_v every_o man_n his_o opinion_n what_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o all_o place_n then_o exchange_v for_o the_o next_o fair_a or_o time_n of_o payment_n in_o every_o the_o say_a place_n and_o according_a to_o the_o same_o the_o calculation_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o there_o be_v seven_o or_o more_o voice_n or_o ticket_n the_o say_v seven_o be_v add_v together_o and_o the_o seven_o part_n be_v the_o medium_n and_o if_o there_o be_v ten_o than_o the_o ten_o be_v cast_v up_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v the_o medium_n and_o so_o for_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n according_o wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o these_o banker_n do_v observe_v how_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n lie_v by_o exchange_n how_o the_o occasion_n of_o prince_n may_v help_v or_o hinder_v either_o by_o great_a receipt_n or_o great_a disbursement_n how_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o negotiator_n and_o merchant_n be_v concurrent_a and_o effective_a and_o therein_o they_o be_v find_v to_o concur_v in_o set_v the_o say_a rate_n and_o price_n for_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o advantage_n and_o from_o this_o spring_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v the_o main_a ocean_n of_o all_o the_o exchange_n of_o christendom_n in_o which_o this_o our_o country_n of_o england_n have_v but_o a_o small_a share_n as_o be_v only_o a_o branch_n derive_v from_o the_o principal_a channel_n chap._n cccii_o of_o the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n two_o of_o the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o be_v two_o the_o next_o thing_n observable_a here_o be_v the_o loss_n and_o gain_n accrue_v by_o these_o exchange_n practise_v among_o merchant_n to_o distinguish_v which_o and_o for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o reality_n thereof_o every_o giver_n or_o taker_n appli_v his_o study_n to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a and_o real_a par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_v both_o what_o the_o gain_n and_o loss_n be_v and_o who_o be_v gainer_n and_o who_o be_v the_o loser_n now_o this_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n may_v be_v
here_o proper_o in_o the_o general_a say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o distinct_a kind_n the_o one_o as_o appertain_v to_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o private_a estate_n and_o interest_n the_o first_o i_o hold_v proper_a and_o fit_v the_o knowledge_n of_o counsellor_n and_o statesman_n and_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a and_o fit_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trading-merchant_n the_o find_v out_o of_o both_o which_o parson_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o par._n 1._o prince_n par._n the_o first_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o i_o term_v here_o the_o prince_n par_fw-fr or_o the_o sovereign_n value_n for_o value_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a kingdom_n city_n or_o place_n the_o several_a standard_n thereof_o so_o equal_o proportion_v so_o true_o and_o just_o by_o the_o art_n of_o the_o mint_n rectify_v that_o each_o prince_n his_o coin_n in_o exchange_n may_v have_v its_o due_a allowance_n according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o fineness_n coarsness_n and_o badness_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o herein_o to_o make_v and_o to_o settle_v this_o abovenamed_a par_n exact_o betwixt_o one_o kingdom_n and_o another_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o those_o of_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n with_o the_o real_a proportion_n that_o happen_v therein_o not_o only_o between_o our_o own_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o also_o between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o other_o country_n this_o examination_n comparison_n and_o proportion_n due_o right_o and_o real_o examine_v compare_v and_o proportion_v and_o no_o difference_n inequality_n or_o disproportion_n find_v or_o admit_v therein_o then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o kingdom_n hereby_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n our_o own_o pound_n sterling_a contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n italy_n germany_n netherlands_o eastland_n etc._n etc._n this_o kingdom_n be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o our_o own_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n dollar_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o real_a or_o imaginary_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_v and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n depend_v thereon_o i_o here_o call_v the_o prince_n his_o par_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o his_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o other_o country_n and_o kingdom_n par._n 2._o merchant_n par._n the_o second_o par_n i_o call_v the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n par_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v ground_v partly_o upon_o the_o sovereign_n or_o prince_n par_n abovementioned_a but_o principal_o upon_o the_o current_a value_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhansement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o such_o merchant_n as_o be_v exchanger_n do_v endeavour_n by_o certain_a rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o equalise_v the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o prince_n or_o country_n with_o another_o and_o therefore_o every_o man_n that_o deliver_v his_o money_n in_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o have_v it_o in_o another_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v ever_o curious_a to_o understand_v either_o the_o loss_n or_o gain_n that_o come_v thereof_o which_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o distinguish_v by_o the_o knowledge_n and_o find_v out_o this_o par_fw-fr aforementioned_a for_o find_v out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o he_o that_o remit_v to_o know_v either_o by_o his_o own_o advice_n judgement_n or_o otherwise_o how_o much_o the_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n or_o pound_v whence_o he_o remit_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o place_n whither_o he_o will_v make_v his_o remittance_n unto_o as_o for_o example_n have_v money_n in_o lion_n in_o france_n which_o i_o will_v remit_v for_o antwerp_n i_o ought_v to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v real_o worth_a in_o antwerp_n as_o presuppose_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n of_o 67_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n 7_o sols_n turnâ—…_n be_v worth_a by_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o course_n thereof_o 100_o gross_v there_o i_o will_v then_o know_v what_o a_o real_a crown_n of_o 60_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n turnois_n the_o crown_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v worth_a multiply_a and_o divide_v as_o the_o rule_n require_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v sols_n 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n turnois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n thereby_o so_o that_o it_o be_v hereby_o evident_a that_o 89_o â—7_n 67_o gross_a be_v the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n the_o which_o rule_n may_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n in_o remittance_n for_o all_o other_o place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o any_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o herein_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o species_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o daily_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o every_o day_n according_a to_o present_v occasion_n likewise_o alter_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o at_o one_o rate_n and_o sometime_o at_o another_o and_o this_o par_n be_v the_o matter_n whereupon_o all_o merchant_n exchange_n for_o profit_n and_o loss_n be_v ground_v and_o be_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o value_v for_o value_n which_o in_o this_o follow_a tract_n i_o principal_o and_o fundamental_o aim_v at_o now_o the_o last_o thing_n considerable_a in_o this_o place_n and_o now_o to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o method_n form_n and_o manner_n how_o the_o account_n of_o these_o divers_a exchange_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v between_o one_o merchant_n and_o another_o cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v which_o indeed_o principal_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o pen_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o arithmetician_n which_o as_o a_o necessary_a adjunct_n and_o needful_a furtherance_n to_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_v i_o have_v hereto_o insert_v and_o have_v herein_o pitch_v upon_o the_o principal_a place_n here_o mention_v willing_o omit_v the_o least_o and_o rest_n of_o they_o have_v fit_v to_o such_o as_o i_o have_v conceive_v the_o most_o worthy_a apt_a question_n and_o their_o solution_n from_o one_o town_n or_o city_n to_o another_o with_o the_o denomination_n of_o their_o several_a account_n and_o species_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o brief_a calculation_n thereof_o and_o the_o short_a proof_n of_o each_o prescribe_a rule_n and_o position_n add_v for_o conclusion_n to_o each_o general_a city_n of_o exchange_n some_o example_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v according_a to_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o use_n of_o the_o place_n omit_v some_o other_o principal_a point_n wherein_o i_o may_v have_v enlarge_v both_o this_o matter_n and_o subject_n that_o the_o ingedious_a head_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o learner_n may_v have_v room_n and_o scope_n to_o work_v upon_o according_a either_o to_o his_o desire_n capacity_n or_o inclination_n chap_n ccciii_o of_o example_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o lion_n and_o how_o the_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v lion_n example_n upon_o exchange_n in_o lion_n i_o have_v former_o note_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n at_o lion_n be_v only_o in_o use_n four_o time_n a_o year_n which_o be_v first_o 1._o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n begin_v the_o 6_o of_o march_n after_o their_o style_n and_o continue_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o month._n 2._o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n the_o 6_o of_o june_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o august_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o all-saint_n the_o 6_o of_o december_n lion_n the_o custom_n of_o acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n the_o acceptance_n of_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o be_v always_o make_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o each_o payment_n which_o acceptance_n hold_v in_o themselves_o both_o a_o promise_n and_o
be_v before_o declare_v it_o be_v not_o then_o possible_a but_o that_o all_o the_o over_o balance_n or_o difference_n shall_v return_v either_o in_o money_n or_o in_o such_o ware_n as_o we_o must_v export_v again_o which_o as_o be_v already_o plain_o show_v will_v be_v still_o a_o great_a mean_n to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n year_n the_o proverb_n say_v he_o that_o have_v ware_n have_v money_n by_o the_o year_n for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n who_o have_v store_n of_o ware_n do_v not_o therefore_o say_v that_o they_o will_v not_o venture_v out_o or_o trade_n with_o their_o money_n for_o this_o be_v ridiculous_a but_o do_v also_o turn_v that_o into_o ware_n whereby_o they_o multiply_v their_o money_n and_o so_o by_o a_o continual_a and_o orderly_a change_n of_o one_o into_o the_o other_o grow_v rich_a and_o when_o they_o please_v turn_v all_o their_o estate_n into_o treasure_n for_o they_o that_o have_v ware_n can_v want_v mony_n neither_o be_v it_o say_v that_o money_n be_v the_o life_n of_o trade_n as_o if_o it_o can_v not_o subsist_v without_o the_o same_o for_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v great_a trade_n by_o way_n of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n when_o there_o be_v little_a money_n stir_v in_o the_o world_n the_o italian_n and_o some_o other_o nation_n have_v such_o remedy_n against_o this_o want_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o decay_v nor_o hinder_v their_o trade_n for_o they_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n and_o have_v bank_n both_o public_a and_o private_a wherein_o they_o do_v assign_v their_o credit_n from_o one_o to_o another_o daily_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n with_o ease_n and_o satisfaction_n by_o write_n only_a whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o mass_n of_o treasure_n which_o give_v foundation_n to_o those_o credit_n be_v employ_v in_o foreign_a trade_n as_o a_o merchandise_n and_o by_o the_o say_a mean_n they_o have_v little_a other_o use_n of_o money_n in_o those_o country_n more_o than_o for_o their_o ordinary_a expense_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o the_o keep_n of_o our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o necessity_n and_o use_v of_o our_o ware_n in_o foreign_a country_n and_o our_o want_n of_o their_o commodity_n that_o cause_v the_o vent_n and_o consumption_n on_o all_o side_n which_o make_v a_o quick_a and_o ample_a trade_n if_o we_o be_v once_o poor_a and_o now_o have_v gain_v some_o store_n of_o money_n by_o trade_n with_o resolution_n to_o keep_v it_o still_o in_o the_o realm_n shall_v this_o cause_n other_o nation_n to_o spend_v more_o of_o our_o commodity_n than_o former_o they_o have_v do_v whereby_o we_o may_v say_v that_o our_o trade_n be_v quicken_v and_o enlarge_v no_o very_o it_o will_v produce_v no_o such_o good_a effect_n but_o rather_o according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n by_o their_o true_a cause_n we_o may_v expect_v the_o contrary_a for_o all_o man_n do_v consent_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o a_o kingdom_n do_v make_v the_o native_a commodity_n dear_a which_o as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o some_o private_a man_n in_o their_o revenue_n so_o be_v it_o direct_o against_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o public_a in_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o trade_n for_o as_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v ware_n dear_a so_o dear_a ware_n decline_v their_o use_n and_o consumption_n as_o have_v be_v already_o plain_o show_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n upon_o that_o particular_a of_o our_o cloth_n and_o although_o this_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a lesson_n for_o some_o great_a land_a man_n to_o learn_v yet_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v a_o true_a lesson_n for_o all_o the_o land_n to_o observe_v lest_o when_o we_o have_v gain_v some_o store_n of_o money_n by_o trade_n we_o lose_v it_o again_o by_o not_o trading_n with_o our_o mony_n i_o know_v a_o prince_n in_o italy_n of_o famous_a memory_n ferdinando_n the_o first_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o be_v very_o rich_a in_o treasure_n endeavour_v therewith_o to_o enlarge_v his_o trade_n by_o issue_v out_o to_o his_o merchant_n great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o very_o small_a profit_n i_o myself_o have_v forty_o thousand_o crown_n of_o he_o gratis_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n although_o he_o know_v that_o i_o will_v present_o send_v it_o away_o in_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o part_n of_o turkey_n to_o be_v employ_v in_o ware_n for_o his_o country_n he_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o in_o this_o course_n of_o trade_n it_o will_v return_v again_o according_a to_o the_o old_a say_n with_o a_o duck_n in_o the_o mouth_n this_o noble_a and_o industrious_a prince_n by_o his_o care_n and_o diligence_n to_o countenance_n and_o favour_n merchant_n in_o their_o affair_n do_v so_o increase_v the_o practice_n thereof_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n in_o all_o his_o dominion_n that_o do_v not_o merchandise_n either_o by_o himself_o or_o in_o partnership_n with_o other_o whereby_o within_o these_o thirty_o year_n the_o trade_n to_o his_o port_n of_o leghorne_n be_v much_o increase_v that_o of_o a_o poor_a little_a town_n as_o i_o myself_o know_v it_o it_o be_v now_o become_v a_o fair_a and_o strong_a city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a place_n for_o all_o christendom_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v worthy_a our_o observation_n that_o the_o multitude_n of_o ship_n and_o ware_n which_o come_v thither_o from_o england_n the_o low-countries_n and_o other_o place_n have_v little_a or_o no_o mean_n to_o make_v their_o return_n from_o thence_o but_o only_o in_o ready_a money_n which_o they_o may_v and_o do_v carry_v away_o free_o at_o all_o time_n to_o the_o incredible_a advantage_n of_o the_o say_v great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o his_o subject_n who_o be_v much_o enrich_v by_o the_o continual_a great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o the_o state_n of_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n bring_v they_o plenty_n of_o money_n daily_o to_o supply_v their_o want_n of_o the_o say_a ware_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o the_o current_n of_o merchandise_n which_o carry_v away_o their_o treasure_n become_v a_o flow_a stream_n to_o fill_v they_o again_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n with_o mony_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o objection_n or_o two_o as_o weak_a as_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v if_o we_o trade_n with_o our_o money_n we_o shall_v issue_v out_o the_o less_o ware_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v those_o country_n which_o heretofore_o have_v occasion_n to_o consume_v our_o cloth_n lead_v iron_n fish_n and_o the_o like_a shall_v now_o make_v use_n of_o our_o money_n in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o necessary_n which_o be_v most_o absurd_a to_o affirm_v or_o that_o the_o merchant_n have_v not_o rather_o carry_v out_o ware_n by_o which_o there_o be_v ever_o some_o gain_n expect_v than_o to_o export_v money_n which_o be_v still_o but_o the_o same_o without_o any_o increase_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v many_o country_n which_o may_v yield_v we_o very_o profitable_a trade_n for_o our_o money_n which_o otherwise_o afford_v we_o no_o trade_n at_o all_o because_o they_o have_v no_o use_n of_o our_o ware_n as_o namely_o the_o east-indies_n for_o one_o in_o the_o first_o beginning_n thereof_o although_o since_o by_o industry_n in_o our_o commerce_n with_o those_o nation_n we_o have_v bring_v they_o into_o the_o use_n of_o much_o of_o our_o lead_n cloth_n tin_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v a_o good_a addition_n to_o the_o former_a vent_n of_o our_o commodity_n again_o some_o man_n have_v allege_v that_o those_o country_n which_o permit_v money_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o do_v it_o because_o they_o have_v few_o or_o no_o ware_n to_o trade_n withal_o but_o we_o have_v great_a store_n of_o commodity_n and_o therefore_o their_o action_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v our_o example_n to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v brief_o that_o we_o have_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o ware_n as_o do_v full_o provide_v we_o of_o all_o thing_n needful_a from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v we_o then_o doubt_v that_o out_o monies_n send_v out_o in_o trade_n must_v not_o necessary_o come_v back_o again_o in_o treasure_n together_o with_o the_o great_a gain_n which_o it_o may_v procure_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v before_o set_v down_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o those_o nation_n which_o send_v out_o their_o money_n do_v it_o because_o they_o have_v but_o few_o ware_n of_o their_o own_o how_o come_v they_o then_o to_o have_v so_o much_o treasure_n as_o we_o ever_o see_v in_o those_o place_n which_o suffer_v it_o free_o to_o be_v export_v at_o all_o time_n and_o by_o whosoever_o i_o answer_v even_o by_o trading_n with_o their_o money_n for_o by_o what_o other_o mean_n can_v they_o get_v it_o have_v no_o mine_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n end_n
here_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o their_o value_n with_o our_o standard_n will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n coin_n merchant_n do_v or_o aught_o to_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o foreign_a coin_n the_o discreet_a merchant_n for_o the_o better_a direct_v of_o his_o trade_n and_o his_o exchange_n by_o bill_n to_o and_o from_o the_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o he_o be_v accustom_v to_o deal_v do_v careful_o learn_v the_o parity_n or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o weight_n and_o fineness_n compare_v with_o our_o standard_n whereby_o he_o be_v able_a to_o know_v perfect_o the_o just_a profit_n or_o loss_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o we_o trade_n to_o divers_a place_n where_o we_o vent_v off_o our_o native_a commodity_n yearly_a to_o a_o great_a value_n and_o yet_o find_v few_o or_o no_o ware_n there_o fit_v our_o use_n whereby_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v our_o return_n in_o ready_a money_n which_o by_o we_o be_v either_o carry_v into_o some_o other_o country_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o ware_n which_o we_o want_v or_o else_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o be_v tolerate_v to_o pass_v currant_n here_o in_o payment_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a to_o be_v coin_v into_o sterling_a money_n that_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o great_a quantity_n will_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o when_o all_o the_o circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v this_o course_n likewise_o will_v be_v find_v as_o weak_a as_o the_o rest_n to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n first_o the_o toleration_n itself_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o intercourse_n and_o will_v soon_o move_v other_o prince_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o act_n or_o worse_o against_o we_o and_o so_o frustrate_v our_o hope_n second_o if_o money_n be_v the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o other_o mean_n and_o foreign_a coin_n tolerate_v to_o pass_v current_n among_o we_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a be_v compare_v with_o our_o standard_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v not_o be_v just_o distribute_v when_o that_o pass_v by_o a_o false_a measure_n three_o if_o the_o advantage_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a coin_n be_v but_o small_a that_o will_v bring_v in_o little_a or_o no_o treasure_n because_o the_o merchant_n will_v rather_o bring_v in_o ware_n upon_o which_o there_o be_v usual_o a_o competent_a gain_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o we_o permit_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o foreign_a coin_n than_o that_o gain_n will_v carry_v away_o all_o our_o sterling_a money_n and_o so_o i_o leave_v this_o business_n in_o a_o dilemma_n and_o fruitless_a as_o all_o other_o course_n will_v ever_o prove_v which_o seek_v for_o the_o gain_n or_o loss_n of_o our_o treasure_n out_o of_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o general_a foreign_a trade_n as_o i_o will_v endeavour_v yet_o further_o to_o demonstrate_v chap._n v._o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n to_o be_v make_v by_o stranger_n can_v increase_v nor_o yet_o preserve_v our_o treasure_n to_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o work_n of_o no_o less_o skill_n and_o difficulty_n than_o to_o augment_v our_o treasure_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o preservation_n and_o production_n be_v the_o same_o in_o nature_n the_o statute_n for_o employment_n of_o stranger_n be_v ware_n into_o our_o commodity_n seem_v at_o first_o to_o be_v a_o good_a and_o a_o lawful_a way_n lead_v to_o those_o end_n but_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o particular_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o can_v produce_v such_o good_a effect_n nation_n the_o use_n of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o to_o all_o nation_n for_o as_o the_o use_v of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o unto_o all_o nation_n so_o may_v we_o easy_o perceive_v what_o will_v be_v do_v therein_o by_o stranger_n when_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v our_o own_o proceed_n in_o this_o weighty_a business_n by_o which_o we_o do_v not_o only_o seek_v with_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o own_o commodity_n to_o supply_v our_o want_n of_o foreign_a ware_n but_o also_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o with_o treasure_n all_o which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o different_a manner_n of_o trading_n according_a to_o our_o own_o occasion_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n whereunto_o we_o do_v trade_n as_o namely_o in_o some_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n and_o bring_v away_o their_o ware_n or_o part_n in_o money_n in_o other_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o good_n and_o take_v their_o money_n because_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o ware_n that_o fit_a our_o turn_n again_o in_o some_o place_n we_o have_v need_n of_o their_o commodity_n but_o they_o have_v little_a use_n of_o we_o so_o they_o take_v our_o money_n which_o we_o get_v in_o other_o country_n and_o thus_o by_o a_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o change_v according_a to_o the_o accurent_n of_o time_n the_o particular_a member_n do_v accommodate_v each_o other_o and_o all_o accomplish_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o trade_n destroy_v how_o foreign_a trade_n be_v destroy_v which_o will_v ever_o languish_v if_o the_o harmony_n of_o her_o health_n be_v distemper_v by_o the_o disease_n of_o excess_n at_o home_n violence_n abroad_o charge_n and_o restriction_n at_o home_n or_o abroad_o but_o in_o this_o place_n i_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v only_o of_o restriction_n which_o i_o will_v perform_v brief_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o a_o merchant_n make_v the_o return_n of_o his_o ware_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o money_n in_o commodity_n or_o by_o exchange_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n do_v not_o only_o restrain_v money_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o seem_a providence_n and_o justice_n but_o also_o the_o use_n of_o the_o exchange_n by_o bill_n which_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o commerce_n and_o be_v indeed_o a_o act_n without_o example_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o we_o have_v trade_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o whatsoever_o in_o this_o kind_n we_o shall_v impose_v upon_o stranger_n here_o will_v present_o be_v make_v a_o law_n for_o we_o in_o their_o country_n especial_o where_o we_o have_v our_o great_a trade_n with_o our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n who_o omit_v no_o care_n nor_o occasion_n to_o support_v their_o traffic_n in_o equal_a privilege_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o thus_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o that_o freedom_n and_o mean_n which_o now_o we_o have_v to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therewith_o likewise_o we_o shall_v lose_v the_o vent_n of_o much_o ware_n which_o we_o carry_v to_o divers_a place_n whereby_o our_o trade_n and_o our_o treasure_n will_v decay_v together_o second_o if_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n we_o thrust_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o ware_n more_o than_o ordinary_a upon_o the_o stranger_n we_o must_v then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o english_a which_o be_v injurious_a to_o our_o merchant_n mariner_n and_o ship_n beside_o the_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o vent_v the_o kingdom_n be_v stock_n to_o the_o stranger_n at_o far_o low_a rate_n here_o than_o we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o sell_v it_o to_o they_o in_o their_o own_o country_n as_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n three_o whereas_o we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v that_o if_o our_o commodity_n be_v overbalance_v in_o value_n by_o foreign_a ware_n our_o money_n must_v be_v carry_v out_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o prevent_v this_o by_o tie_v the_o stranger_n be_v hand_n and_o leave_v the_o english_a loose_a shall_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o advantage_n cause_n that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o now_o that_o be_v do_v by_o the_o other_o before_o or_o if_o we_o make_v a_o statute_n without_o example_n to_o prevent_v both_o alike_o shall_v we_o not_o then_o overthrow_v all_o at_o once_o the_o king_n in_o his_o cuostm_n and_o the_o kingdom_n in_o her_o profit_n for_o such_o a_o restriction_n must_v of_o necessity_n destroy_v much_o trade_n because_o the_o diversity_n of_o occasion_n and_o place_n which_o make_v a_o ample_a trade_n require_v that_o some_o man_n shall_v both_o export_n and_o import_n ware_n some_o export_n only_o other_o import_n some_o deliver_v our_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n other_o take_v it_o up_o some_o carry_v out_o money_n other_o bring_v it_o in_o and_o this_o in_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n according_a to_o the_o good_a husbandry_n or_o excess_n in_o the_o kingdom_n over_o which_o only_a if_o we_o keep_v a_o strict_a law_n it_o will_v rule_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o without_o this_o all_o other_o statute_n be_v no_o rule_n either_o to_o keep_v or_o procure_v we_o treasure_n last_o to_o
and_o of_o the_o mere_a exchanger_n with_o their_o true_a cause_n and_o effect_n nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o pursue_v this_o business_n yet_o a_o little_a further_o and_o thereby_o not_o only_o to_o strengthen_v our_o former_a argument_n but_o also_o to_o avoid_v some_o cunning_a delusion_n which_o may_v deceive_v the_o unskilful_a reader_n of_o those_o book_n entitle_v lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la pag._n 409._o and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 16._o wherein_o the_o author_n gerard_n malines_n let_v down_o the_o admirable_a feat_n as_o he_o term_v they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n with_o the_o use_n and_o power_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o how_o these_o wonder_n may_v be_v effect_v he_o altogether_o omit_v leave_v the_o reader_n in_o a_o strange_a opinion_n of_o these_o dark_a mystery_n which_o i_o can_v think_v he_o do_v for_o want_v of_o knowledge_n for_o i_o find_v he_o skilful_a in_o many_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v both_o write_a and_o collect_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o merchant_n and_o in_o particular_a he_o discourse_v well_o of_o divers_a uses_n form_n and_o passage_n of_o the_o exchange_n in_o all_o which_o as_o he_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o so_o do_v his_o work_n of_o this_o kind_n deserve_v much_o praise_n but_o where_o he_o have_v disguise_v his_o own_o knowledge_n with_o sophistry_n to_o further_a some_o private_a end_n by_o hurt_v the_o public_a good_a there_o ought_v he_o to_o be_v discover_v and_o prevent_v unto_o which_o performance_n in_o this_o discourse_n of_o treasure_n i_o find_v myself_o oblige_v and_o therefore_o i_o intend_v to_o effect_v it_o by_o show_v the_o true_a cause_n and_o mean_n whereby_o these_o wonder_n be_v do_v which_o malines_n attribute_v to_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o first_o for_o order_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o set_v down_o the_o particular_a feat_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o his_o say_a book_n the_o admirable_a feat_n to_o be_v do_v by_o exchange_n 1._o to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o any_o exchange_n lie_v 2._o to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o meddle_v with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n 3._o to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n and_o never_o bring_v peny_n nor_o pennyworth_n into_o the_o realm_n but_o do_v that_o with_o the_o subject_n mony_n 4._o to_o grow_v rich_a and_o live_v without_o adventure_n at_o sea_n or_o travel_n 5._o to_o do_v great_a feat_n have_v credit_n and_o yet_o to_o be_v nought_o worth_a 6._o to_o understand_v whether_o in_o conjecture_v their_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o buy_v of_o ware_n will_v be_v more_o profit_n 7._o to_o know_v certain_o what_o the_o merchant_n gain_n upon_o their_o ware_n they_o sell_v and_o buy_v 8._o to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n that_o continual_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o whether_o they_o gain_v or_o no._n 9_o to_o wind_v out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n ☜_o ☜_o who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n 10._o to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v thither_o where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v and_o pay_v for_o it_o 11._o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n that_o keep_v his_o ware_n upon_o interest-money_n if_o the_o enemy_n will_v seek_v it_o 12._o to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_v of_o their_o ware_n in_o any_o contract_n until_o they_o make_v they_o come_v to_o their_o price_n 13._o to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n either_o new_a come_v or_o whereof_o they_o have_v some_o store_n to_o bring_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o that_o commodity_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o sell_v both_o at_o their_o pleasure_n 14._o to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n mony_n 15._o to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o his_o own_o or_o any_o other_o prince_n base_a mony_n 16._o to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o to_o turn_v into_o his_o fine_a money_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o deliverer_n with_o his_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o 17._o to_o take_v upon_o credit_n into_o their_o hand_n for_o a_o time_n all_o the_o merchant_n money_n that_o will_v be_v deliver_v and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o 18._o to_o make_v the_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_a the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_a and_o also_o their_o old_a store_n of_o treasure_n upon_o exchange_n 19_o to_o undo_v realm_n and_o prince_n that_o look_v not_o to_o their_o commonwealth_n when_o the_o merchant_n wealth_n be_v such_o that_o the_o great_a house_n conspire_v together_o so_o to_o rule_v the_o exchange_n that_o when_o they_o will_v be_v deliverer_n they_o will_v receive_v in_o another_o place_n above_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n deliver_v and_o when_o they_o will_v be_v taker_n they_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n under_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n take_v up_o 20._o to_o get_v ready_a money_n to_o buy_v any_o commodity_n that_o be_v offer_v cheap_a 21._o to_o compass_v ready_a money_n to_o get_v any_o ossered_a bargain_n out_o of_o another_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o by_o out-bidding_a other_o oftentimes_o to_o raise_v the_o ware_n 22._o to_o get_v a_o part_n and_o sometime_o all_o his_o gain_n that_o employ_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n in_o ware_n and_o so_o make_v other_o travel_v for_o their_o gain_n 23._o to_o keep_v prince_n for_o have_v any_o custom_n subsidy_n or_o tax_n upon_o their_o money_n as_o they_o employ_v it_o not_o 24._o to_o value_v just_o any_o ware_n they_o carry_v into_o any_o country_n by_o set_v they_o at_o that_o value_n as_o the_o money_n that_o buy_v they_o be_v then_o at_o by_o exchange_n in_o the_o country_n whither_o they_o be_v carry_v if_o i_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o amplify_v in_o the_o explanation_n of_o these_o wonder_n they_o will_v afford_v i_o matter_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o large_a volume_n but_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o do_v it_o as_o brief_o as_o possible_o i_o may_v without_o obscurity_n and_o before_o i_o begin_v i_o can_v choose_v but_o laugh_v to_o think_v how_o a_o worthy_a lawyer_n may_v be_v deject_v in_o his_o laudable_a study_n when_o he_o shall_v see_v more_o cunning_a in_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o a_o little_a part_n of_o the_o merchant_n profession_n than_o in_o all_o the_o lawcase_n of_o his_o learned_a author_n for_o this_o exchange_n go_v beyond_o conjure_v i_o think_v very_o that_o neither_o doctor_n faustus_n nor_o bank_n his_o horse_n can_v ever_o do_v such_o admirable_a feat_n although_o it_o be_v sure_a they_o have_v a_o devil_n to_o help_v they_o but_o we_o merchant_n deal_v not_o with_o such_o spirit_n we_o delight_v not_o to_o be_v think_v the_o worker_n of_o lie_v wonder_n and_o therefore_o i_o endeavour_v here_o to_o show_v the_o plainness_n of_o our_o deal_v in_o these_o suppose_a feat_n to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o laudable_a course_n of_o trade_n and_o first_o to_o lay_v our_o money_n with_o gain_n to_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o exchange_n lie_v how_o can_v this_o be_v do_v will_n some_o man_n say_v for_o amsterdam_n when_o the_o loss_n by_o exchange_n be_v sometime_o eight_o or_o ten_o per_fw-la cent._n more_o or_o less_o for_o one_o month_n usance_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o here_o i_o must_v consider_v exchange_n the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n of_o loss_n by_o exchange_n first_o that_o the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n of_o this_o loss_n be_v a_o great_a value_n in_o ware_n bring_v from_o amsterdam_n than_o we_o carry_v thither_o which_o make_v more_o deliverer_n than_o taker_n here_o by_o exchange_n whereby_o the_o money_n be_v undervalue_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o taker_n hereupon_o the_o deliverer_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v lose_v by_o his_o money_n do_v consider_v those_o country_n unto_o which_o we_o carry_v more_o ware_n in_o value_n than_o we_o receive_v from_o they_o as_o namely_o spain_n italy_n and_o other_o to_o which_o place_n he_o be_v sure_a for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a that_o he_o shall_v ever_o deliver_v his_o money_n with_o profit_n but_o now_o you_o will_v say_v that_o the_o money_n be_v further_a from_o amsterdam_n than_o before_o how_o shall_v it_o be_v get_v together_o yes_o well_o enough_o and_o the_o far_o about_o will_v prove_v the_o near_a way_n home_o if_o it_o come_v at_o last_o
either_o among_o ourselves_o or_o with_o stranger_n if_o among_o ourselves_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v enrich_v thereby_o for_o the_o gain_n of_o one_o subject_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o another_o and_o if_o we_o exchange_v with_o stranger_n than_o our_o profit_n be_v the_o gain_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n yet_o by_o none_o of_o these_o way_n can_v the_o king_n receive_v any_o benefit_n in_o his_o custom_n let_v we_o therefore_o seek_v out_o the_o place_n where_o such_o exchange_v be_v use_v and_o set_v down_o the_o reason_n why_o this_o practice_n be_v permit_v in_o search_n whereof_o we_o shall_v only_o find_v one_o place_n of_o note_n in_o all_o christendom_n which_o be_v genova_n whereof_o i_o intend_v to_o say_v something_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v genova_n the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genova_n the_o state_n of_o genova_n be_v small_a and_o not_o very_o fertile_a have_v little_a natural_a wealth_n or_o material_n to_o employ_v the_o people_n nor_o yet_o victual_n sufficient_a to_o feed_v they_o but_o nevertheless_o by_o their_o industry_n in_o former_a time_n by_o foreign_a trade_n into_o egypt_n soria_n constantinople_n and_o all_o those_o levant_n part_n for_o spice_n drug_n raw_a silk_n and_o many_o other_o rich_a ware_n with_o which_o they_o serve_v the_o most_o place_n of_o europe_n they_o grow_v to_o a_o incredible_a wealth_n which_o give_v life_n unto_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o city_n the_o pomp_n of_o their_o building_n and_o other_o singular_a beauty_n but_o after_o the_o foundation_n and_o increase_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n of_o venice_n the_o say_a trade_n turn_v that_o way_n and_o since_o likewise_o the_o great_a part_n thereof_o do_v come_v into_o england_n spain_n and_o the_o low-countries_n by_o navigation_n direct_o from_o the_o east-indies_n which_o alteration_n in_o the_o traffic_n have_v force_v they_o of_o genova_n to_o change_v their_o course_n of_o trade_n with_o ware_n into_o exchange_v of_o their_o money_n which_o for_o gain_n they_o spread_v not_o only_o into_o divers_a country_n where_o the_o trade_n be_v perform_v with_o merchandise_n but_o more_o especial_o they_o do_v therewith_o serve_v the_o want_n of_o the_o spaniard_n in_o flanders_n and_o other_o place_n for_o their_o war_n whereby_o the_o private_a merchant_n be_v much_o enrich_v but_o the_o public_a treasure_n by_o this_o course_n be_v not_o increase_v and_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genova_n do_v suffer_v this_o inconvenience_n be_v these_o first_o and_o priucipal_o they_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v those_o trade_n which_o they_o can_v keep_v from_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v better_a mean_n by_o situation_n ware_n ship_n munition_n and_o the_o like_a to_o perform_v these_o affair_n with_o more_o advantage_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v second_o they_o proceed_v like_o a_o wife_n state_n who_o still_o retain_v as_o much_o trade_n as_o they_o can_v although_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o procure_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o which_o they_o have_v for_o have_v few_o or_o no_o material_n of_o their_o own_o to_o employ_v their_o people_n yet_o they_o supply_v this_o want_n by_o the_o fleece-wools_a of_o spain_n and_o raw_a silk_n of_o sicilia_n work_v they_o into_o velvet_n damask_n satin_n wollen-drapery_n and_o other_o manufacture_n three_o whereas_o they_o find_v no_o mean_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o employ_v and_o trade_n their_o great_a wealth_n to_o profit_n they_o content_v themselves_o to_o do_v it_o in_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n either_o in_o merchandise_n or_o by_o exchange_v their_o money_n for_o gain_n to_o those_o merchant_n who_o trade_n therewith_o in_o ware_n and_o thus_o wheresoever_o they_o live_v abroad_o for_o a_o time_n circult_v the_o world_n for_o gain_n yet_o in_o the_o end_n the_o centre_n of_o this_o profit_n be_v in_o their_o own_o native_a country_n last_o the_o government_n of_o genova_n be_v aristocracy_n they_o be_v assure_v that_o although_o the_o public_a get_v little_a yet_o if_o their_o private_a merchant_n gain_v much_o from_o stranger_n they_o shall_v do_v well_o enough_o because_o the_o rich_a and_o secure_a treasure_n of_o a_o free_a state_n be_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o in_o genova_n be_v merchant_n which_o fall_v not_o out_o so_o in_o a_o monarchy_n where_o between_o the_o come_n in_o of_o a_o prince_n and_o the_o mean_n of_o private_a man_n there_o be_v this_o distinction_n of_o meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la but_o in_fw-la the_o occasion_n and_o danger_n of_o a_o republic_n or_o commonwealth_n where_o liberty_n and_o government_n may_v be_v change_v into_o servitude_n there_o the_o proper_a substance_n of_o private_a man_n be_v the_o public_a treasure_n ready_a to_o be_v spend_v with_o their_o life_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o sovereignty_n to_o the_o twenty_o four_o if_o a_o merchant_n shall_v buy_v ware_n here_o with_o intention_n to_o send_v they_o for_o venice_n and_o then_o value_v they_o as_o the_o exchange_n come_v from_o thence_o to_o london_n he_o may_v find_v himself_o far_o wide_a of_o his_o reckon_n for_o before_o his_o good_n arrive_v at_o venice_n both_o the_o price_n of_o his_o ware_n and_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n may_v alter_v very_o much_o but_o if_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n be_v that_o this_o valuation_n may_v be_v make_v after_o the_o good_n arrive_v and_o be_v sell_v at_o venice_n and_o the_o money_n remit_v hither_o by_o exchange_n or_o else_o the_o money_n which_o buy_v the_o say_v ware_n here_o may_v be_v value_v as_o the_o exchange_n pass_v at_o that_o time_n from_o hence_o to_o venice_n be_v not_o all_o this_o very_a common_a and_o easy_a business_n unworthy_a to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o number_n of_o admirable_a feat_n to_o the_o ten_o although_o a_o rich_a prince_n have_v great_a power_n yet_o be_v there_o not_o power_n in_o every_o rich_a prince_n to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v where_o he_o please_v for_o the_o staple_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v not_o where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v but_o where_o the_o thing_n do_v most_o of_o all_o abound_v whereupon_o we_o common_o say_v that_o the_o spaniard_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o great_a treasure_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n have_v the_o fountain_n or_o staple_n of_o money_n which_o he_o move_v and_o cause_v to_o run_v into_o italy_n germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n or_o other_o place_n where_o his_o occasion_n do_v require_v it_o either_o for_o peace_n or_o war._n neither_o be_v this_o effect_v by_o any_o singular_a power_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o by_o divers_a way_n and_o mean_n fit_v those_o place_n where_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v for_o if_o the_o use_v thereof_o be_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o france_n to_o maintain_v a_o war_n there_o then_o may_v it_o be_v safe_o send_v in_o specie_fw-la on_o carriage_n by_o land_n if_o in_o italy_n on_o galley_n by_o sea_n if_o in_o the_o low-countries_n on_o ship_n by_o sea_n also_o but_o yet_o with_o more_o danger_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o potent_a enemy_n in_o that_o passage_n wherefore_o in_o this_o occasion_n although_o the_o exchange_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o useful_a and_o because_o the_o spaniard_n want_v of_o gommodity_n from_o germany_n and_o the_o low-countries_n be_v great_a in_o value_n than_o the_o spanish_a ware_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o those_o part_n therefore_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n can_v be_v furnish_v there_o from_o his_o own_o subject_n with_o money_n by_o exchange_n but_o be_v and_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n enforce_v to_o carry_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o treasure_n in_o galley_n for_o italy_n flanders_n how_o the_o italian_n be_v enable_v to_o furnish_v spain_n with_o money_n in_o flanders_n where_o the_o italian_n and_o among_o they_o the_o merchant_n of_o genova_n especial_o do_v take_v the_o same_o and_o repay_v the_o value_n thereof_o in_o flanders_n whereunto_o they_o be_v enable_v by_o their_o trade_n with_o many_o rich_a commodity_n which_o they_o send_v continual_o out_o of_o italy_n into_o those_o country_n and_o the_o place_n thereabouts_o from_o whence_o the_o italian_n return_v no_o great_a value_n in_o ware_n but_o deliver_v their_o money_n for_o the_o service_n of_o spain_n and_o receive_v the_o value_n by_o exchange_n in_o italy_n out_o of_o the_o spanish_a treasure_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o in_o galley_n as_o be_v afore-written_a so_o that_o by_o this_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o power_n of_o exchange_n that_o do_v enforce_v treasure_n where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o but_o it_o be_v the_o money_n proceed_v of_o ware_n in_o foreign_a trade_n that_o do_v enforce_v the_o exchange_n and_o rule_v the_o price_n thereof_o high_a or_o low_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o
granary_n and_o storehouse_n with_o that_o famous_a arsenal_n of_o the_o venetian_n be_v to_o be_v admire_v for_o the_o magnificence_n of_o the_o building_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o munition_n and_o store_n both_o for_o lea_n and_o land_n the_o multitude_n of_o the_o workman_n the_o divernty_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o art_n with_o the_o order_n of_o the_o government_n they_o be_v rare_a and_o worthy_a thing_n for_o prince_n to_o behold_v and_o imitate_v for_o majesty_n without_o providence_n of_o competent_a force_n and_o ability_n of_o necessary_a provision_n be_v un-assured_n chap._n xix_o of_o some_o different_a effect_n which_o proceed_v from_o natural_a and_o artificial_a wealth_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n i_o have_v already_o write_v something_o concern_v natural_a and_o artificial_a wealth_n and_o therein_o show_v how_o much_o art_n do_v add_v to_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v yet_o needful_a to_o handle_v these_o particular_n apart_o that_o so_o we_o may_v the_o better_o discern_v their_o several_a operation_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o effect_n whereof_o i_o may_v draw_v some_o comparison_n from_o turkey_n and_o italy_n or_o from_o some_o other_o remote_a country_n but_o i_o will_v not_o range_v so_o far_o have_v matter_n sufficient_a herein_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o make_v this_o business_n plain_a wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o england_n brief_o and_o only_o in_o general_a term_n to_o show_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o this_o famous_a nation_n with_o some_o principal_a effect_n which_o they_o produce_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o we_o due_o consider_v england_n largeness_n beauty_n fertility_n strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n in_o multitude_n of_o warlike_a people_n horse_n ship_n ammunition_n advantageous_a situation_n for_o defence_n and_o trade_n number_n of_o seaport_n and_o harbour_n which_o be_v of_o difficult_a access_n to_o enemy_n and_o of_o easy_a outlet_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n wealth_n by_o excellent_a fleece-wools_a iron_n lead_v tin_n saffron_n corn_n victual_n hide_n wax_n and_o other_o natural_a endowment_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o kingdom_n capable_a to_o sit_v as_o master_n of_o a_o monarchy_n for_o what_o great_a glory_n and_o advantage_n can_v any_o powerful_a nation_n have_v than_o to_o be_v thus_o rich_o and_o natural_o possess_v of_o all_o thing_n needful_a for_o food_n raiment_n war_n and_o peace_n not_o only_o for_o its_o own_o plentiful_a use_n but_o also_o to_o supply_v the_o want_v of_o other_o nation_n in_o such_o a_o measure_n that_o much_o money_n may_v be_v thereby_o get_v yearly_a to_o make_v the_o happiness_n complete_a for_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o notwithstanding_o that_o excessive_a consumption_n of_o this_o kingdom_n alone_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o scotland_n there_o be_v export_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la of_o of_o our_o own_o native_a commodity_n for_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a or_o somewhat_o more_o so_o that_o if_o we_o be_v not_o too_o much_o affect_v to_o pride_n monstrous_a fashion_n and_o riot_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n one_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o pound_n may_v plentiful_o supply_v our_o unnecessary_a want_n as_o i_o may_v term_v they_o of_o silk_n sugar_n spice_n fruit_n and_o all_o other_o so_o that_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n may_v be_v yearly_o treasure_v up_o in_o money_n to_o make_v the_o kingdom_n exceed_v rich_a and_o powerful_a in_o short_a time_n but_o this_o great_a plenty_n which_o we_o enjoy_v make_v we_o a_o people_n not_o only_o vicious_a and_o excessive_a wasteful_a of_o the_o mean_v we_o have_v but_o also_o improvident_a and_o careless_a of_o much_o other_o wealth_n that_o shameful_o we_o lose_v which_o be_v the_o fish_n in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v of_o no_o less_o consequence_n than_o all_o our_o other_o riches_n which_o we_o export_v and_o vent_v to_o stranger_n stranger_n the_o fruit_n of_o idleness_n which_o be_v england_n common_a reproach_n among_o stranger_n whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n through_o lewd_a idleness_n great_a multitude_n of_o our_o people_n cheat_n roar_v rob_n hang_v beg_v cant_n pine_n and_o perish_v which_o by_o this_o mean_n and_o maintenance_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v to_o the_o further_a wealth_n and_o srength_n of_o these_o kingdom_n especial_o by_o sea_n for_o our_o own_o safety_n and_o terror_n of_o our_o enemy_n the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o industrious_a dutch_a do_v give_v sufficient_a testimony_n of_o this_o truth_n to_o our_o great_a shame_n and_o no_o less_o peril_n if_o it_o have_v not_o a_o timely_a prevention_n for_o whilst_o we_o leave_v our_o wont_a honourable_a exercise_n and_o study_n follow_v our_o pleasure_n and_o of_o late_a year_n besot_v ourselves_o with_o pipe_n and_o pot_n in_o a_o beastly_a manner_n suck_v smoke_n and_o drink_v health_n until_o death_n stare_v many_o in_o the_o face_n the_o say_v dutch_a have_v wellnear_o leave_v this_o swinish_a vice_n and_o take_v up_o our_o wont_a valour_n which_o we_o have_v often_o so_o well_o perform_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o defence_n although_o they_o be_v not_o so_o thankful_a as_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o ingratitude_n the_o netherlander_n ingratitude_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v this_o that_o the_o general_a leprosy_n of_o our_o pipe_v pot_v feast_v fashion_n and_o misspend_v our_o time_n in_o idleness_n and_o pleasure_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o use_v of_o other_o nation_n have_v make_v we_o effeminate_a in_o our_o body_n weak_a in_o our_o knowledge_n poor_a in_o our_o treasure_n decline_v in_o our_o valour_n unfortunate_a in_o our_o erterprise_n and_o contemn_v by_o our_o enemy_n i_o write_v the_o more_o of_o these_o excess_n because_o they_o do_v so_o great_o waste_v our_o wealth_n which_o be_v the_o main_a subject_n of_o this_o whole_a book_n be_v discourse_n for_o all_o christendom_n to_o admire_v and_o fear_v if_o we_o will_v but_o add_v art_n to_o nature_n our_o labour_n to_o our_o natural_a mean_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o have_v give_v a_o notable_a advantage_n to_o other_o nation_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o hollander_n whereof_o i_o will_v brief_o say_v something_o in_o the_o next-place_n but_o first_o i_o will_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n concern_v our_o clothing_n which_o although_o it_o be_v the_o great_a wealth_n and_o best_a employment_n of_o the_o poor_a of_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o nevertheless_o we_o may_v peradventure_o employ_v ourselves_o with_o better_a safety_n plenty_n and_o profit_n in_o use_v more_o tillage_n and_o fish_n than_o to_o trust_v so_o whole_o to_o the_o make_n of_o cloth_n for_o in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o by_o other_o occasion_n if_o some_o foreign_a prince_n shall_v prohibit_v the_o use_n thereof_o in_o their_o dominion_n it_o may_v sudden_o cause_v much_o poverty_n and_o dangerous_a uproar_n especial_o by_o our_o poor_a people_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o ordinary_a maintenance_n which_o can_v so_o easy_o fail_v they_o when_o their_o labour_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o say_a diversity_n of_o employment_n whereby_o also_o many_o thousand_o will_v be_v the_o better_o enable_v to_o do_v the_o kingdom_n good_a service_n in_o occasion_n of_o war_n especial_o by_o sea_n and_o so_o leave_v england_n we_o will_v pass_v over_o into_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o as_o plenty_n and_o power_n do_v make_v a_o nation_n vicious_a and_o improvident_a so_o penury_n and_o want_n do_v make_v a_o people_n wise_a and_o industrious_a concern_v the_o last_o of_o these_o i_o may_v instance_n divers_a commonwealth_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n industry_n the_o hollander_n improvement_n and_o industry_n do_v notwithstanding_o purchase_v great_a wealth_n and_o strength_n by_o their_o industrious_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n among_o which_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n be_v now_o of_o great_a note_n and_o fame_n for_o since_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o spanish_a slavery_n how_o wonderful_o be_v they_o improve_v in_o all_o human_a policy_n what_o great_a mean_n have_v they_o obtain_v in_o defend_v their_o liberty_n against_o the_o power_n of_o so_o great_a a_o enemy_n and_o be_v not_o all_o this_o perform_v by_o their_o continual_a industry_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v not_o their_o province_n the_o magizine_n and_o store_n house_n of_o ware_n for_o most_o place_n of_o christendom_n whereby_o their_o wealth_n ship_n mariner_n art_n people_n and_o thereby_o the_o public_a revenue_n and_o excise_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o wonderful_a height_n if_o we_o compare_v the_o time_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o their_o present_a
estate_n they_o seem_v not_o the_o same_o people_n spaniard_n those_o prince_n which_o willing_o support_v the_o dutch_a will_v as_o resolute_o resist_v the_o spaniard_n for_o who_o know_v not_o that_o the_o condition_n of_o those_o province_n be_v mean_a and_o turbulent_a under_o the_o spaniard_n government_n which_o bring_v rather_o a_o great_a charge_n than_o a_o further_a strength_n to_o to_o their_o ambition_n neither_o will_v it_o prove_v over_o difficult_a for_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n in_o short_a time_n to_o reduce_v those_o country_n to_o their_o former_a estate_n again_o if_o their_o own_o safety_n do_v require_v the_o same_o as_o certain_o it_o will_v if_o the_o spaniard_n be_v sole_a lord_n of_o those_o netherlands_o but_o our_o discourse_n tend_v not_o to_o show_v the_o mean_n of_o those_o mutation_n otherwise_o than_o to_o find_v out_o the_o chief_a foundation_n of_o the_o hollander_n wealth_n and_o greatness_n for_o it_o seem_v a_o wonder_n to_o the_o world_n that_o such_o a_o small_a country_n not_o full_o so_o big_a as_o two_o of_o our_o big_a shire_n have_v little_a natural_a wealth_n victual_n timber_n or_o other_o necessary_a ammunition_n either_o for_o war_n or_o peace_n shall_v notwithstanding_o possess_v they_o all_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a plenty_n that_o beside_o their_o own_o want_n which_o be_v very_o great_a they_o can_v and_o do_v likewise_o serve_v and_o sell_v to_o other_o prince_n ship_n ordnance_n cordage_n corn_n powder_n shot_n and_o what_o not_o which_o by_o their_o industrious_a trade_n they_o gather_v from_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n honesty_n much_o policy_n but_o little_a honesty_n in_o which_o course_n they_o be_v not_o less_o injurious_a to_o supplant_v other_o especial_o the_o english_a than_o they_o be_v careful_a to_o strengthen_v themselves_o and_o to_o effect_v this_o and_o more_o than_o have_v be_v say_v which_o be_v their_o war_n with_o spain_n they_o have_v little_a foundation_n beside_o the_o fish_n which_o be_v permit_v they_o in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n be_v indeed_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o incredible_a wealth_n and_o strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n as_o robert_n hichcock_n tobias_n gentleman_n and_o other_o have_v publish_v at_o large_a in_o print_n to_o they_o that_o listen_v to_o read_v and_o the_o states-general_n themselves_o in_o their_o proclamation_n have_v ingenious_o set_v out_o the_o worth_a thereof_o in_o these_o word_n follow_v 1624._o part_v of_o the_o state_n proclamation_n date_v in_o the_o hague_n 19_o july_n 1624._o the_o great_a fish_n and_o catch_v of_o herring_n be_v the_o chief_a trade_n and_o principal_a gold_n mine_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n whereby_o many_o thousand_o of_o household_n family_n handicraft_n trade_n and_o occupation_n be_v set_v on_o work_n well_o maintain_v and_o prosper_v especial_o the_o sail_v and_o navigation_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o these_o country_n be_v keep_v in_o great_a estimation_n moreover_o many_o return_n of_o money_n with_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o mean_n convoy_n custom_n and_o revenue_n of_o these_o country_n be_v augment_v thereby_o and_o prosper_v with_o other_o word_n follow_v as_o be_v at_o large_a express_v in_o the_o say_a proclamation_n set_v forth_o by_o the_o states-general_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o say_a trade_n of_o fish_v without_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o they_o can_v long_o subsist_v in_o sovereignty_n for_o if_o this_o foundation_n perish_v the_o whole_a building_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n must_v fall_v for_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o ship_n will_v sudden_o decay_v their_o revenue_n and_o custom_n will_v become_v small_a their_o country_n will_v be_v depopulate_v for_o want_v of_o maintenance_n whereby_o the_o excise_n must_v fail_v and_o all_o their_o other_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n or_o elsewhere_o must_v faint_v so_o that_o the_o glory_n and_o power_n of_o these_o netherlands_o consist_v in_o this_o fish_v of_o herring_n ling_n and_o cod_n in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n it_o rest_v therefore_o to_o know_v what_o right_o or_o title_n they_o have_v thereunto_o and_o how_o they_o be_v able_a to_o possess_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o against_o all_o other_o nation_n the_o answer_n to_o these_o two_o question_n be_v not_o difficult_a for_o first_o it_o be_v not_o the_o netherlandish_a author_n of_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la that_o can_v entitle_v they_o to_o fish_n in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n for_o beside_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o example_n of_o other_o country_n which_o may_v be_v allege_v i_o will_v only_o say_v that_o such_o title_n will_v be_v soon_o decide_v by_o sword_n than_o with_o word_n i_o do_v believe_v indeed_o that_o it_o be_v free_a for_o the_o fish_n to_o come_v thither_o at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o for_o the_o dutch_a to_o carry_v and_o carry_v they_o away_o from_o thence_o without_o his_o majesty_n licence_n i_o harbour_v no_o such_o thought_n there_o may_v be_v good_a policy_n to_o connive_v still_o and_o so_o long_o to_o permit_v they_o this_o fish_n as_o they_o be_v in_o perfect_a league_n with_o england_n and_o in_o war_n with_o spain_n but_o if_o the_o spaniard_n be_v master_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o heretofore_o it_o will_v near_o concern_v these_o kingdom_n to_o claim_v their_o own_o right_n and_o careful_o to_o make_v as_o good_a use_n thereof_o for_o increase_v of_o their_o wealth_n and_o strength_n to_o oppose_v that_o potent_a enemy_n as_o now_o the_o netherlander_n do_v and_o be_v well_o enable_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n by_o which_o particular_a alone_o they_o be_v ever_o bind_v to_o acknowledge_v their_o strong_a alliance_n with_o england_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o have_v the_o like_a good_a mean_n to_o lend_v they_o such_o a_o powerful_a maintenance_n compare_v fish_v and_o money_n compare_v nor_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o the_o spaniard_n if_o he_o have_v those_o country_n again_o to_o make_v a_o new_a foundation_n with_o the_o power_n of_o his_o money_n to_o increase_v his_o strength_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n to_o offend_v these_o kingdom_n more_o than_o he_o be_v now_o able_a to_o perform_v with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o those_o province_n which_o he_o have_v already_o in_o his_o possession_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n but_o the_o employment_n not_o the_o barren_a netherlands_o but_o the_o rich_a fish_n which_o give_v foundation_n trade_n and_o subsistence_n to_o those_o multitude_n of_o ship_n art_n and_o people_n whereby_o also_o the_o excise_n and_o other_o public_a revenue_n be_v continue_v and_o without_o which_o employment_n all_o the_o say_v great_a dependence_n must_v necessary_o disbandon_v and_o fail_v in_o very_o short_a time_n for_o although_o i_o confess_v that_o store_n of_o money_n may_v bring_v they_o material_n which_o they_o altogether_o want_v and_o arts-man_n to_o build_v they_o ship_n yet_o where_o be_v the_o ware_n to_o freight_n and_o maintain_v they_o if_o money_n than_o shall_v be_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o send_v they_o out_o in_o trade_n what_o a_o poor_a number_n of_o ship_n will_v this_o employ_v or_o if_o the_o uncertain_a occasion_n of_o war_n must_v support_v they_o will_v not_o this_o require_v another_o indies_n and_o all_o too_o little_a to_o maintain_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o so_o many_o ship_n and_o man_n as_o the_o hollander_n do_v now_o set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o fish_n and_o other_o trade_n thereon_o depend_v but_o if_o it_o be_v yet_o say_v that_o the_o spaniard_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o those_o netherlands_o his_o expense_n of_o the_o present_a war_n there_o will_v cease_v and_o so_o this_o power_n may_v be_v turn_v upon_o we_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o when_o prince_n send_v great_a force_n abroad_o to_o invade_v other_o they_o must_v likewise_o increase_v their_o charge_n and_o strength_n at_o home_n to_o defend_v 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it_o do_v also_o make_v our_o other_o trade_n much_o great_a than_o they_o be_v for_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o ten_o thousand_o bag_n of_o pepper_n which_o this_o year_n we_o have_v bring_v hither_o from_o the_o east-indies_n shall_v be_v value_v at_o very_a near_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n whereas_o all_o this_o pepper_n in_o the_o kindom_n account_n cost_v not_o above_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n because_o the_o indian_n have_v have_v no_o more_o of_o we_o although_o we_o pay_v they_o extraordinary_a dear_a price_n for_o the_o same_o all_o the_o other_o charge_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o be_v but_o a_o change_n of_o effect_n among_o ourselves_o and_o from_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n which_o can_v impoverish_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o it_o be_v true_a that_o whereas_o nine_o thousand_o bag_n of_o the_o say_a pepper_n be_v already_o ship_v out_o for_o divers_a foreign_a part_n these_o and_o all_o other_o ware_n foreign_a or_o domestic_a which_o be_v thus_o transport_v outward_o aught_o to_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o rate_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom-mony_n multiply_v by_o twenty_o or_o rather_o by_o twenty_o five_o as_o i_o conceive_v which_o will_v come_v near_o the_o reckon_v when_o we_o consider_v all_o our_o trade_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o medium_fw-la 3_o lie_n we_o must_v remember_v that_o all_o ware_n export_v or_o import_v by_o stranger_n in_o their_o ship_n be_v esteem_v by_o themselves_o for_o what_o they_o carry_v out_o the_o kingdom_n have_v only_o the_o first_o cost_n and_o custom_n and_o what_o they_o bring_v in_o we_o must_v rate_v it_o as_o it_o be_v worth_a here_o the_o custom_n impost_n and_o petty_a charge_n only_o deduct_v last_o there_o must_v be_v good_a notice_n take_v of_o all_o the_o great_a loss_n which_o we_o receive_v at_o sea_n in_o our_o ship_n either_o outward_a or_o homeward_o bind_v for_o the_o value_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v deduct_v from_o our_o exportation_n and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o our_o importation_n for_o to_o lose_v and_o to_o consume_v do_v produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o reckon_a likewise_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o his_o majesty_n do_v make_v over_o any_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n to_o maintain_v a_o foreign_a war_n where_o we_o do_v not_o feed_v and_o clothe_v the_o soldier_n and_o provide_v the_o army_n we_o must_v deduct_v all_o this_o charge_n out_o of_o our_o exportation_n or_o add_v it_o to_o our_o importation_n for_o this_o expense_n do_v either_o carry_v out_o or_o hinder_v the_o come_n in_o of_o so_o much_o treasure_n and_o here_o we_o must_v remember_v the_o great_a collection_n of_o money_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v throughout_o the_o realm_n yearly_a from_o our_o recusant_n by_o priest_n and_o jesuit_n who_o secret_o convey_v the_o sâ—me_n unto_o their_o college_n cloister_n and_o nunnery_n beyond_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o it_o never_o return_v to_o we_o again_o in_o any_o kind_n pernicious_a two_o contrary_n which_o be_v both_o pernicious_a therefore_o if_o this_o mischief_n can_v be_v prevent_v yet_o it_o must_v be_v esteem_v and_o set_v down_o as_o a_o clear_a loss_n to_o the_o kingdom_n except_o to_o balance_n this_o we_o will_v imagine_v that_o as_o great_a a_o value_n may_v perhaps_o come_v in_o from_o foreign_a prince_n to_o their_o pensioner_n here_o for_o favour_n or_o intelligence_n which_o some_o state_n account_v good_a policy_n to_o purchase_v with_o great_a liberality_n the_o receipt_n whereof_o notwithstanding_o be_v plain_a treachery_n there_o be_v â—et_o some_o other_o petty_a thing_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v reference_n to_o this_o balance_n of_o which_o the_o say_a officer_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o account_n as_o namely_o the_o expense_n of_o traveller_n the_o gift_n to_o ambassador_n and_o stranger_n the_o fraud_n of_o some_o rich_a good_n not_o enter_v into_o the_o customhouse_n the_o gain_n which_o be_v make_v here_o by_o stranger_n by_o change_n and_o re-change_n interest_n of_o money_n insurance_n upon_o englishman_n good_n and_o their_o life_n which_o can_v be_v little_a when_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o live_n here_o be_v deduct_v beside_o that_o the_o very_a like_o advantage_n be_v as_o ample_o minister_v unto_o the_o english_a in_o foreign_a country_n which_o do_v counterpoise_v all_o these_o thing_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o considerable_a in_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o say_a balance_n chap._n xxi_o the_o conclusion_n upon_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o exportation_n or_o importation_n of_o treasure_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o enrich_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o treasure_n by_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n be_v brief_o thus_o that_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n in_o our_o foreign_a trade_n in_o those_o place_n where_o our_o commodity_n export_v be_v overbalance_v in_o value_n by_o foreign_a ware_n bring_v into_o this_o realm_n there_o our_o money_n be_v undervalved_n in_o exchange_n and_o where_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o be_v perform_v there_o our_o money_n be_v overvalue_v in_o exchange_n and_o where_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o be_v perform_v there_o our_o money_n be_v overvalue_v but_o let_v the_o merchant_n exchange_n be_v at_o a_o high_a rate_n or_o at_o a_o low_a rate_n or_o at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o put_v down_o altogether_o let_v foreign_a prince_n enhance_v their_o coin_n or_o debase_v their_o standard_n and_o let_v his_o majesty_n do_v the_o like_a or_o keep_v they_o constant_a as_o they_o now_o stand_v let_v foreign_a coin_n pass_v current_a here_o in_o all_o payment_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a at_o the_o mint_n let_v the_o statute_n for_o employment_n by_o stranger_n stand_v in_o force_n or_o be_v repeal_v let_v the_o mere_a exchanger_n do_v his_o worth_n let_v prince_n oppress_v lawyer_n extort_v usurer_n bite_v prodigal_n waste_v and_o last_o let_v merchant_n carry_v out_o what_o money_n they_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o use_v in_o traffic_n yet_o all_o these_o action_n can_v work_v no_o other_o effect_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n than_o be_v declare_v in_o this_o discourse_n for_o so_o much_o treasure_n only_o will_v be_v bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o foreign_a trade_n do_v over_o or_o underballance_n in_o value_n and_o this_o must_v come_v to_o pass_v by_o a_o necessity_n beyond_o all_o resistance_n so_o that_o all_o other_o course_n which_o tend_v not_o to_o this_o end_n howsoever_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o force_v money_n into_o a_o kingdom_n for_o a_o time_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o the_o end_n not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o also_o hurtful_a they_o be_v like_a to_o violent_a flood_n which_o bear_v down_o their_o bank_n and_o sudden_o remain_v dry_a again_o for_o want_v 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