italy_n and_o greece_n be_v style_v so_o by_o the_o roman_n but_o who_o victory_n in_o obtain_v new_a seat_n and_o order_n in_o possess_v they_o may_v make_v we_o allow_v they_o for_o a_o better_a policied_a people_n than_o they_o appear_v by_o the_o vastness_n of_o their_o multitude_n or_o the_o rage_n of_o their_o battle_n wherever_o they_o pass_v and_o seat_v their_o colony_n and_o dominion_n they_o leave_v a_o constitution_n which_o have_v since_o be_v call_v in_o most_o european_a language_n the_o state_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n noble_a ecclesiastical_a and_o popular_a under_o the_o limit_a principality_n of_o one_o person_n with_o the_o stile_n of_o king_n prince_z duke_z or_o count_n the_o remainder_n at_o least_o or_o trace_n hereof_o appear_v still_o in_o all_o the_o principality_n found_v by_o those_o people_n in_o italy_n france_n and_o spain_n and_o be_v of_o a_o piece_n with_o the_o present_a constitution_n in_o most_o of_o the_o great_a dominion_n on_o other_o side_n the_o rind_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o temper_n first_o introduce_v by_o they_o between_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o eastern_a kingdom_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o grecian_a or_o roman_a commonwealth_n it_o be_v true_a the_o goth_n be_v gentile_n when_o they_o first_o break_v into_o the_o roman_a empire_n till_o one_o great_a swarm_n of_o this_o people_n upon_o treaty_n with_o one_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o upon_o concession_n of_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n to_o be_v a_o seat_n for_o their_o nation_n embrace_v at_o once_o the_o christian_n faith_n after_o which_o the_o same_o people_n break_v out_o of_o the_o limit_n have_v be_v allow_v they_o and_o by_o fresh_a number_n bear_v all_o down_o where_o they_o bend_v their_o march_n as_o they_o be_v a_o great_a mean_n of_o propagate_a religion_n in_o many_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o they_o extend_v their_o conquest_n so_o the_o zeal_n of_o these_o new_a proselyte_n warm_v by_o the_o veneration_n they_o have_v for_o their_o bishop_n and_o pastor_n and_o enrich_v by_o the_o spoil_n and_o possession_n of_o so_o vast_a country_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o introduce_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o church_n and_o clergy_n by_o endowment_n of_o land_n lordship_n and_o vassal_n appropriate_v to_o they_o for_o before_o this_o time_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o priesthood_n in_o all_o religion_n seem_v whole_o to_o consist_v in_o the_o people_n opinion_n of_o their_o piety_n learning_n and_o virtue_n or_o a_o reverence_n for_o their_o character_n and_o mystical_a ceremony_n and_o institution_n their_o support_n or_o their_o revenue_n in_o the_o voluntary_a oblation_n of_o pious_a man_n the_o bounty_n of_o prince_n or_o in_o a_o certain_a share_n out_o of_o the_o labour_n and_o gain_n of_o those_o who_o live_v under_o their_o cure_n and_o not_o in_o any_o subjection_n of_o man_n life_n or_o fortune_n which_o belong_v whole_o to_o the_o civil_a power_n and_o ammianus_n though_o he_o tax_v the_o luxury_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o valentinian_n time_n yet_o he_o speak_v of_o their_o riches_n which_o occasion_v or_o foment_v it_o as_o arise_v whole_o from_o the_o oblation_n of_o the_o people_n but_o the_o devotion_n of_o these_o new_a christian_n introduce_v this_o new_a form_n of_o endow_v their_o church_n and_o afterward_o pepin_n and_o charlemaign_n king_n of_o the_o frank_n upon_o their_o victory_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o roman_a bishop_n to_o their_o title_n and_o arm_n have_v annex_v great_a territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o that_o see_v this_o example_n or_o custom_n be_v follow_v by_o most_o prince_n of_o the_o northern_a race_n through_o the_o rest_n of_o europe_n and_o bring_v into_o the_o clergy_n great_a possession_n of_o land_n and_o by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n a_o great_a share_n of_o temporal_a power_n from_o the_o dependence_n of_o their_o subject_n or_o tenant_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o come_v to_o be_v general_o one_o of_o the_o three_o order_n that_o compose_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o every_o country_n this_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n have_v be_v establish_v from_o time_n immemorial_n in_o the_o several_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n and_o be_v often_o assemble_v for_o determine_v dispute_n about_o succession_n of_o their_o prince_n where_o doubtful_a or_o contest_v for_o decide_v those_o between_o the_o great_a town_n for_o raise_v a_o milice_fw-la for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n in_o the_o war_n of_o their_o neighbour_n for_o advice_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n abroad_o or_o discontent_n at_o home_o but_o always_o upon_o the_o new_a succession_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o upon_o any_o new_a imposition_n that_o be_v necessary_a on_o the_o people_n the_o use_n of_o this_o assembly_n be_v another_o of_o those_o liberty_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o province_n be_v so_o fond_a and_o so_o tenacious_a the_o rest_n beside_o those_o ancient_a privilege_n already_o mention_v of_o their_o town_n be_v concession_n and_o grace_n of_o several_a prince_n in_o particular_a exemption_n or_o immunity_n jurisdiction_n both_o in_o choice_n and_o exercise_n of_o magigistracy_n and_o civil_a judicature_n within_o themselves_o or_o else_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o use_v none_o but_o native_n in_o charge_n and_o office_n and_o pass_v all_o weighty_a affair_n by_o the_o great_a council_n compose_v of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n who_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o temporal_a there_o be_v but_o three_o bishop_n in_o all_o the_o seventeen_o province_n till_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n the_o revenue_n of_o these_o prince_n consist_v in_o their_o ancient_a demesne_n in_o small_a custom_n which_o yet_o grow_v considerable_a by_o the_o greatness_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o maritime_a town_n and_o in_o the_o voluntary_a contribution_n of_o their_o subject_n either_o in_o the_o state_n or_o in_o particular_a city_n according_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o be_v these_o frequent_a for_o the_o force_n of_o these_o count_n be_v compose_v of_o such_o lord_n who_o either_o by_o their_o government_n or_o other_o office_n or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n be_v oblige_v to_o attend_v their_o prince_n on_o horseback_n with_o certain_a number_n of_o man_n upon_o all_o his_o war_n or_o else_o of_o a_o milice_fw-la which_o be_v call_v les_fw-fr gens_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ordonnance_n who_o serve_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v not_o unlike_o our_o train-band_n the_o use_n or_o at_o least_o stile_n whereof_o be_v renew_v in_o flanders_n upon_o the_o last_o war_n with_o france_n in_o 1667_o when_o the_o count_n egmont_n be_v make_v by_o the_o governor_n general_n de_fw-fr gens_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ordonnance_n these_o force_n be_v defray_v by_o the_o city_n or_o country_n as_o the_o other_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o lord_n when_o occasion_n require_v and_o all_o be_v license_v immediate_o when_o it_o be_v past_a so_o that_o they_o be_v of_o little_a charge_n to_o the_o prince_n his_o war_n be_v but_o with_o other_o prince_n of_o his_o own_o size_n or_o competitor_n to_o his_o principality_n or_o sometime_o with_o the_o mutiny_n of_o his_o great_a town_n short_a though_o violent_a and_o decide_v by_o one_o battle_n or_o siege_n unless_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o quarrel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n and_o then_o they_o be_v engage_v but_o in_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o war_n the_o gross_a of_o it_o be_v wage_v between_o the_o two_o king_n and_o these_o small_a prince_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o alliance_n or_o sometime_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o a_o diversion_n rather_o than_o for_o any_o great_a weight_n they_o make_v in_o the_o main_a of_o the_o affair_n the_o most_o frequent_a war_n of_o the_o count_n of_o holland_n be_v with_o the_o frison_n a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a saxon_n and_o the_o fierce_a battle_n of_o some_o of_o the_o count_n of_o flanders_n be_v with_o the_o norman_n who_o past_o that_o way_n into_o france_n and_o be_v the_o last_o of_o those_o nation_n that_o have_v infest_a the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o europe_n i_o have_v sometime_o think_v how_o it_o shall_v have_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o infinite_a swarm_n of_o that_o vast_a northern-hive_n which_o so_o often_o shake_v the_o world_n like_o a_o great_a tempest_n and_o overflow_v it_o like_o a_o great_a torrent_n change_v name_n and_o custom_n and_o government_n and_o language_n and_o the_o very_a face_n of_o nature_n wherever_o they_o seat_v themselves_o which_o upon_o record_n of_o story_n under_o the_o name_n of_o gaul_n pierce_v into_o greece_n and_o italy_n sack_v rome_n and_o besiege_v the_o capitol_n in_o camillus_n his_o time_n under_o that_o of_o the_o cimber_n march_v through_o france_n to_o the_o very_a confine_n of_o
that_o matter_n of_o religion_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o that_o conference_n and_o that_o soon_o after_o in_o the_o same_o year_n come_v letter_n from_o king_n philip_n to_o the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n disclaim_v the_o interpretation_n which_o have_v be_v give_v to_o his_o letter_n by_o count_n egmont_n declare_v his_o pleasure_n be_v that_o all_o heretic_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n without_o remission_n that_o the_o emperor_n edict_n and_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n shall_v be_v publish_v and_o observe_v and_o command_v that_o the_o utmost_a assistance_n of_o the_o civil_a power_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o inquisition_n when_o this_o be_v divulge_v at_o first_o the_o astonishment_n be_v great_a throughout_o their_o province_n but_o that_o soon_o give_v way_n to_o their_o rage_n which_o begin_v to_o appear_v in_o their_o look_n in_o their_o speech_n their_o bold_a meeting_n and_o libel_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o miserable_a spectacle_n of_o so_o many_o execution_n upon_o account_n of_o religion_n the_o constancy_n of_o the_o sufferer_n and_o compassion_n of_o the_o beholder_n conspire_v general_o to_o lessen_v the_o opinion_n of_o gild_n or_o crime_n and_o heighten_v a_o detestation_n of_o the_o punishment_n and_o revenge_n against_o the_o author_n of_o that_o counsel_n of_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n be_v esteem_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1566_o begin_v a_o open_a mutiny_n of_o the_o citizen_n in_o many_o town_n hinder_v execution_n and_o force_v prison_n and_o officer_n and_o this_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o confederacy_n of_o the_o lord_n never_o to_o suffer_v the_o inquisition_n in_o the_o low-countries_n as_o contrary_a to_o all_o law_n both_o sacred_a and_o profane_a and_o exceed_v the_o cruelty_n of_o all_o former_a tyranny_n upon_o which_o all_o resolution_n of_o force_n or_o rigour_n grow_v unsafe_a for_o the_o government_n now_o too_o weak_a for_o such_o a_o revolution_n of_o the_o people_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n brederode_n in_o confidence_n of_o the_o general_a favour_n come_v in_o the_o head_n of_o two_o hundred_o gentleman_n through_o the_o province_n to_o brussels_n and_o in_o bold_a term_n petition_v the_o governess_n for_o abolish_n the_o inquisition_n and_o edict_n about_o religion_n and_o that_o new_a one_o shall_v be_v frame_v by_o a_o convention_n of_o the_o state_n the_o governess_n be_v force_v to_o use_v gentle_a remedy_n to_o so_o violent_a a_o disease_n to_o receive_v the_o petition_n without_o show_n of_o the_o resentment_n she_o have_v at_o heart_n and_o to_o promise_v a_o representation_n of_o their_o desire_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v according_o do_v but_o though_o the_o king_n be_v startle_v with_o such_o consequence_n of_o his_o last_o command_n and_o at_o length_n induce_v to_o recall_v they_o yet_o whether_o by_o the_o slowness_n of_o his_o nature_n or_o the_o form_n of_o the_o spanish_a court_n the_o answer_n come_v too_o late_o and_o as_o all_o his_o former_a concession_n either_o by_o delay_n or_o testimony_n of_o ill-will_n or_o meaning_n in_o they_o have_v lose_v the_o good_a grace_n so_o this_o lose_v absolute_o the_o effect_n and_o come_v into_o the_o low-countries_n when_o all_o be_v in_o flame_n by_o a_o insurrection_n of_o the_o mean_a people_n through_o many_o great_a town_n of_o flanders_n holland_n and_o utrecht_n who_o fall_v violent_o upon_o the_o spoil_n of_o church_n and_o destruction_n of_o image_n with_o a_o thousand_o circumstance_n of_o barbarous_a and_o brutish_a fury_n which_o with_o the_o institution_n of_o consistory_n and_o magistrate_n in_o each_o town_n among_o those_o of_o the_o reform_a profession_n with_o public_a confederacy_n and_o distinction_n and_o private_a contribution_n agree_v upon_o for_o the_o support_n of_o their_o common_a cause_n give_v the_o first_o date_n in_o this_o year_n of_o 1566_o to_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o low-countries_n but_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o rich_a of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o city_n though_o unsatisfied_a with_o the_o government_n yet_o feel_v the_o effect_n and_o abhor_v the_o rage_n of_o popular_a tumult_n as_o the_o worst_a mischief_n that_o can_v befall_v any_o state_n and_o encourage_v by_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o king_n concession_n begin_v to_o unite_v their_o counsel_n and_o force_n with_o those_o of_o the_o governess_n and_o to_o employ_v themselves_o both_o with_o great_a vigour_n and_o loyalty_n for_o suppress_v the_o late_a insurrection_n that_o have_v seize_v upon_o many_o and_o shake_v most_o of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o count_n egmont_n be_v great_a instrument_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o great_a charge_n one_o be_v governor_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n and_o the_o other_o of_o flanders_n but_o more_o by_o the_o general_a love_n and_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n till_o by_o the_o reduce_n valenciens_fw-fr maestricht_n and_o the_o burse_n by_o arm_n the_o submission_n of_o antwerp_n and_o other_o town_n the_o defection_n of_o count_n egmont_n from_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o confederate_a lord_n as_o they_o be_v call_v the_o retreat_z of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n into_o germany_n and_o the_o death_n of_o brederode_n with_o the_o news_n and_o preparation_n of_o king_n philip_n sudden_a journey_n into_o the_o low-countries_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n of_o the_o duchess_n in_o govern_v all_o these_o circumstance_n the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o province_n be_v perfect_o restore_v to_o its_o former_a peace_n obedience_n and_o at_o least_o appearance_n of_o loyalty_n king_n philip_n whether_o have_v never_o real_o decree_v his_o journey_n into_o flanders_n or_o divert_v by_o the_o pacification_n of_o the_o province_n and_o apprehension_n of_o the_o moor_n rebel_a in_o spain_n or_o a_o distrust_n of_o his_o son_n prince_n charles_n his_o violent_a passion_n and_o disposition_n or_o the_o expectation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v resolve_v at_o bayonne_n grow_v ripe_a for_o execution_n in_o france_n give_v over_o the_o discourse_n of_o see_v the_o low-countries_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v up_o the_o resolution_n for_o dispatch_v the_o duke_n of_o alva_n thither_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n of_o ten_o thousand_o veterane_n spanish_a and_o italian_a troop_n for_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o governess_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n the_o suppress_n and_o punishment_n of_o all_o who_o have_v be_v author_n or_o fomentor_n of_o the_o late_a sedition_n this_o result_n be_v put_v sudden_o in_o execution_n though_o whole_o against_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n in_o flanders_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o feria_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a minister_n in_o spain_n who_o think_v the_o present_a peace_n of_o the_o province_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v invade_v by_o new_a occasion_n nor_o the_o royal_a authority_n lessen_v by_o be_v make_v a_o party_n in_o a_o war_n upon_o his_o subject_n nor_o a_o minister_n employ_v where_o he_o be_v so_o profess_o both_o hate_v and_o hate_a as_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n in_o the_o low-countries_n but_o the_o king_n be_v unmovable_a so_o that_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1567._o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n arrive_v there_o with_o a_o army_n of_o ten_o thousand_o the_o best_a spanish_n and_o italian_a soldier_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o choice_a officer_n which_o the_o war_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o or_o philip_n the_o second_o have_v breed_v up_o in_o europe_n which_o with_o two_o thousand_o germane_a the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n have_v raise_v in_o the_o last_o tumult_n and_o under_o the_o command_n of_o so_o old_a and_o renown_a a_o general_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n make_v up_o a_o force_n which_o nothing_o in_o the_o low-countries_n can_v look_v in_o the_o face_n with_o other_o eye_n than_o of_o astonishment_n submission_n or_o despair_n upon_o the_o first_o report_n of_o this_o expedition_n the_o trading-people_n of_o the_o town_n and_o country_n begin_v in_o vast_a number_n to_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o province_n so_o as_o the_o duchess_n write_v to_o the_o king_n that_o in_o few_o day_n above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n have_v leave_v the_o country_n and_o withdraw_v both_o their_o money_n and_o good_n and_o more_o be_v follow_v every_o day_n so_o great_a antipathy_n there_o ever_o appear_v between_o merchant_n and_o soldier_n whilst_o one_o pretend_v to_o be_v safe_a under_o law_n which_o the_o other_o pretend_v shall_v be_v subject_a to_o his_o sword_n and_o his_o will._n and_o upon_o the_o first_o action_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n after_o his_o arrival_n which_o be_v the_o seize_v count_n egmont_n and_o horn_n as_o well_o as_o the_o suspect_a death_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o berghen_n and_o imprisonment_n of_o montigny_n in_o spain_n whither_o some_o month_n before_o they_o have_v be_v send_v
with_o commission_n and_o instruction_n from_o the_o duchess_n she_o immediate_o desire_v leave_v of_o the_o king_n to_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o low-countries_n this_o be_v easy_o obtain_v and_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n invest_v in_o the_o government_n with_o power_n never_o give_v before_o to_o any_o governor_n a_o council_n of_o twelve_o be_v erect_v for_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v against_o the_o king_n authority_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o people_n the_o council_n of_o blood_n great_a number_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v by_o sentence_n of_o this_o council_n upon_o account_n of_o the_o late_a insurrection_n more_o by_o that_o of_o the_o inquisition_n against_o the_o parting-advice_n of_o the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n and_o the_o exclamation_n of_o the_o people_n at_o those_o illegal_a court_n the_o town_n stomach_v the_o breach_n of_o their_o charter_n the_o people_n of_o their_o liberty_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o golden-fleece_n the_o charter_n of_o their_o order_n by_o these_o new_a and_o odious_a court_n of_o judicature_n all_o complain_v of_o the_o disuse_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o introduction_n of_o army_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a the_o king_n be_v constant_a to_o what_o he_o have_v determine_v alva_n be_v in_o his_o nature_n cruel_a and_o inexorable_a the_o new_a army_n be_v fierce_a and_o brave_a and_o desirous_a of_o nothing_o so_o much_o as_o a_o rebellion_n in_o the_o country_n the_o people_n be_v enrage_v but_o awe_v and_o unheaded_a all_o be_v seizure_n and_o process_n confiscation_n and_o imprisonment_n blood_n and_o horror_n insolence_n and_o dejection_n punishment_n execute_v and_o meditate_a revenge_n the_o small_a branch_n be_v lop_v off_o apace_o the_o great_a one_o be_v long_o a_o hew_v down_o count_n egmont_n and_o horn_n last_v several_a month_n but_o at_o length_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o their_o service_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o to_o philip_n as_o well_o as_o of_o their_o new_a merit_n in_o the_o quiet_v of_o the_o province_n and_o of_o so_o great_a supplication_n and_o intercession_n as_o be_v make_v in_o their_o favour_n both_o in_o spain_n and_o in_o flanders_n they_o be_v public_o behead_v at_o brussels_n which_o seem_v to_o break_v all_o patience_n in_o the_o people_n and_o by_o their_o end_n to_o give_v those_o commotion_n a_o beginning_n which_o cost_n europe_n so_o much_o blood_n and_o spain_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o low-countrey-province_n after_o the_o process_n of_o egmont_n and_o horn_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n who_o be_v retire_v into_o germany_n be_v summon_v to_o his_o trial_n for_o the_o same_o crime_n of_o which_o the_o other_o have_v be_v accuse_v and_o upon_o his_o not_o appear_v be_v condemn_v proclaim_a traitor_n and_o his_o whole_a estate_n which_o be_v very_o great_a in_o the_o province_n and_o in_o burgundy_n seize_v upon_o as_o forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n treat_v in_o this_o manner_n while_o he_o be_v quiet_a and_o unarm_v in_o germany_n employ_v all_o his_o credit_n with_o those_o prince_n engage_v to_o he_o by_o alliance_n or_o by_o common_a fear_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n throw_v off_o all_o obedience_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n raise_v force_n join_v with_o great_a number_n flock_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o province_n all_o enrage_a at_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n cruel_a and_o arbitrary_a government_n and_o resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o count_n egmont_n death_n who_o have_v ever_o be_v the_o darling_n of_o the_o people_n with_o these_o troop_n he_o enter_v freizland_n and_o invade_v the_o outward_a part_n of_o brabant_n receive_v succour_n from_o the_o protestant_n of_o france_n then_o in_o arm_n under_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n and_o after_o many_o various_a encounter_n and_o success_n by_o the_o great_a conduct_n of_o alva_n and_o valour_n of_o his_o veterane_n army_n be_v hinder_v from_o seize_v upon_o any_o town_n in_o brabant_n which_o both_o of_o they_o know_v will_v shake_v the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o province_n he_o be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o break_v up_o his_o army_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o germany_n hereupon_o alva_n return_v in_o triumph_n to_o brussels_n and_o as_o if_o he_o have_v make_v a_o conquest_n instead_o of_o a_o defence_n cause_v out_o of_o the_o cannon_n take_v from_o lewis_n of_o nassau_n his_o statue_n to_o be_v cast_v in_o brass_n tread_v and_o insult_v upon_o two_o small_a statue_n that_o represent_v the_o two_o estate_n of_o the_o low-countries_n and_o this_o to_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o citadel_n he_o have_v build_v at_o antwerp_n for_o the_o absolute_a subject_n of_o that_o rich_a populous_a and_o mutinous_a town_n nothing_o have_v raise_v great_a indignation_n among_o the_o fleming_n than_o the_o public_a sight_n and_o ostentation_n of_o this_o statue_n and_o the_o more_o because_o they_o know_v the_o boast_n to_o be_v true_a find_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n the_o inheritance_n of_o so_o many_o age_n or_o bounty_n of_o so_o many_o prince_n all_o now_o prostrate_a before_o this_o one_o man_n sword_n and_o will_n who_o from_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o have_v ever_o be_v esteem_v a_o enemy_n of_o their_o nation_n and_o author_n of_o all_o the_o counsel_n for_o the_o absolute_a subdue_a their_o country_n but_o alva_n move_v with_o no_o rumour_n terrify_v with_o no_o threat_n from_o a_o break_a and_o unarmed_a people_n and_o think_v no_o measure_n nor_o form_n be_v any_o more_o necessary_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o low-countries_n pretend_v great_a sum_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o pay_n and_o reward_n of_o his_o victorious_a troop_n than_o be_v annual_o grant_v upon_o the_o king_n request_n by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o province_n and_o therefore_o demand_v a_o general_a tax_n of_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o every_o man_n estate_n in_o the_o low-countries_n to_o be_v raise_v at_o once_o and_o for_o the_o future_a the_o twenty_o of_o all_o immovables_n and_o the_o ten_o of_o all_o that_o be_v sold._n the_o state_n with_o much_o reluctancy_n consent_n to_o the_o first_o as_o a_o thing_n that_o end_v at_o once_o but_o refuse_v the_o other_o two_o allege_v the_o poverty_n of_o the_o province_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o trade_n upon_o the_o duke_n persist_v they_o petition_v the_o king_n by_o messenger_n into_o spain_n but_o without_o redress_n draw_v out_o the_o year_n in_o contest_v sometime_o stomachful_a sometime_o humble_a with_o the_o governor_n till_o the_o duke_n impatient_a of_o further_a delay_n cause_v the_o edict_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n to_o be_v publish_v at_o brussels_n the_o people_n refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o soldier_n begin_v to_o levy_v by_o force_n the_o townsman_n all_o shut_v up_o their_o shop_n the_o people_n in_o the_o country_n forbear_v the_o market_n so_o as_o not_o so_o much_o as_o bread_n or_o meat_n be_v to_o be_v buy_v in_o the_o town_n the_o duke_n be_v enrage_v and_o call_v the_o soldier_n to_o arm_n and_o command_v several_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o refuse_v the_o payment_n to_o be_v hang_v that_o very_a night_n upon_o their_o sign-post_n which_o nothing_o move_v the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o people_n and_o now_o the_o officer_n and_o the_o guard_n be_v ready_a to_o begin_v the_o execution_n when_o news_n come_v to_o town_n of_o the_o take_n of_o the_o briel_n by_o the_o geuss_n and_o of_o the_o expectation_n that_o have_v give_v of_o a_o sudden_a revolt_n in_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n this_o unexpected_a blow_n strike_v the_o duke_n of_o alva_n and_o foresee_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o because_o he_o know_v the_o stubble_n be_v dry_a and_o now_o he_o find_v the_o fire_n be_v fall_v in_o he_o think_v it_o a_o ill_a time_n to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o tragedy_n in_o brabant_n whilst_o a_o new_a scene_n be_v ready_a in_o holland_n and_o so_o give_v over_o for_o the_o present_a his_o tax_n and_o execution_n apply_v his_o thought_n to_o the_o suppression_n of_o this_o new_a enemy_n that_o break_v in_o upon_o he_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o bottom_n and_o reach_v of_o the_o design_n as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o force_n be_v to_o the_o duke_n the_o less_o know_v and_o the_o more_o suspect_v now_o because_o this_o seizure_n of_o the_o briel_n begin_v the_o second_o great_a commotion_n of_o the_o low-countries_n in_o 1570_o and_o that_o which_o indeed_o never_o end_v but_o in_o the_o loss_n of_o those_o province_n where_o the_o death_n of_o the_o spanish_a and_o royal_a government_n give_v life_n to_o a_o new_a commonwealth_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o know_v what_o sort_n of_o man_n and_o by_o what_o accident_n unite_v and_o by_o what_o fear_n or_o hope_n embolden_v be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o this_o adventure_n upon_o brederod_n deliver_v a_o petition_n to_o the_o
and_o bold_a army_n be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o torrent_n of_o a_o stubborn_a and_o enrage_a people_n which_o ever_o bear_v all_o down_o before_o it_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o different_a channel_n by_o art_n or_o by_o chance_n or_o till_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v the_o humour_n that_o feed_v it_o come_v to_o be_v spend_v or_o dry_v up_o of_o themselves_o the_o foreign_a force_n refuse_v to_o depart_v be_v declare_v rebel_n whereupon_o the_o spanish_a troop_n force_n and_o plunder_v several_a town_n and_o antwerp_n among_o the_o rest_n by_o advantage_n of_o the_o citadel_n with_o equal_a courage_n and_o avarice_n and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o several_a hold_n from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o state_n till_o don_n john_n arrival_n at_o luxenburgh_n the_o only_a town_n of_o the_o province_n where_o he_o think_v himself_o safe_a as_o not_o involve_v in_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o estate_n refuse_v to_o admit_v he_o without_o his_o accept_n and_o confirm_v the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n which_o at_o length_n he_o do_v by_o leave_n from_o the_o king_n and_o enter_v upon_o the_o government_n with_o the_o dismission_n of_o all_o foreign_a troop_n which_o return_v into_o italy_n but_o soon_o after_o don_n john_n whether_o out_o of_o indignation_n to_o see_v himself_o but_o a_o precarious_a governor_n without_o force_n or_o dependence_n or_o desire_v new_a occasion_n of_o fame_n by_o a_o war_n or_o instruct_v from_o spain_n upon_o new_a counsel_n he_o take_v the_o occasion_n of_o complement_a queen_n margaret_n upon_o her_o journey_n out_o of_o france_n to_o the_o spa_n and_o on_o a_o sudden_a seize_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o namur_n whereupon_o the_o province_n for_o the_o three_o time_n throw_v off_o their_o obedience_n call_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o brussels_n where_o he_o be_v make_v protector_n of_o brabant_n by_o the_o state_n of_o that_o province_n and_o preparation_n be_v make_v on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o war_n while_o spain_n be_v busy_a to_o form_v new_a army_n and_o draw_v they_o together_o in_o namur_n and_o luxenburgh_n the_o only_a province_n obedient_a to_o that_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n agree_v to_o elect_v a_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o and_o send_v to_o mathias_n the_o emperor_n brother_n to_o offer_v he_o the_o charge_n at_o this_o time_n begin_v to_o be_v form_v the_o malecontent-party_n in_o the_o low-countries_n which_o though_o agree_n with_o the_o rest_n in_o their_o hatred_n to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o law_n yet_o be_v not_o incline_v to_o shake_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o prince_n nor_o change_v their_o old_a and_o establish_a religion_n and_o these_o be_v head_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o areschot_n and_o several_a great_a man_n the_o more_o averse_a from_o a_o general_a defection_n by_o emulation_n or_o envy_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o greatness_n who_o be_v now_o grow_v to_o have_v all_o the_o influence_n and_o credit_n in_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o league_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o this_o party_n after_o don_n john_n sudden_a death_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n succeed_v he_o gainded_z strength_n and_o reputation_n upon_o his_o come_n to_o the_o government_n and_o a_o entrance_n upon_o that_o great_a scene_n of_o glory_n and_o victory_n which_o make_v both_o his_o person_n so_o renown_v and_o the_o time_n of_o his_o government_n signallize_v by_o so_o many_o sieges_n and_o battle_n and_o the_o reduction_n of_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o province_n to_o the_o subjection_n of_o spain_n upon_o the_o growth_n of_o this_o party_n and_o for_o distinction_n from_o they_o who_o pursue_v a_o middle_a and_o dangerous_a council_n be_v at_o length_n to_o become_v a_o accession_n to_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n the_o seven_o northern_a province_n meet_v by_o their_o deputy_n at_o utrecht_n in_o the_o year_n 1579_o frame_v that_o act_n or_o alliance_n which_o be_v ever_o after_o call_v the_o union_n of_o utrecht_n and_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n and_o frame_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n which_o have_v since_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o the_o world_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n this_o union_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o spaniard_n breach_n of_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n and_o new_a invasion_n of_o some_o town_n in_o gelderland_n and_o be_v not_o pretend_v to_o divide_v these_o province_n from_o the_o generality_n nor_o from_o the_o say_a pacification_n but_o to_o strengthen_v and_o pursue_v the_o end_n of_o it_o by_o more_o vigorous_a and_o unite_a counsel_n and_o arms._n the_o chief_a force_n of_o this_o union_n consist_v in_o these_o point_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o instrument_n itself_o the_o seven_o province_n unite_v themselves_o so_o as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o province_n and_o so_o as_o never_o to_o be_v divide_v by_o testament_n donation_n exchange_n sale_n or_o agreement_n reserve_v to_o each_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n all_o privilege_n right_n custom_n and_o statute_n in_o adjudge_v whereof_o or_o difference_n that_o shall_v arise_v between_o any_o of_o the_o province_n the_o rest_n shall_v not_o intermeddle_v further_o than_o to_o intercede_v towards_o a_o agreement_n they_o bind_v themselves_o to_o assist_v one_o another_o with_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o force_n and_o assault_v make_v upon_o any_o of_o they_o whether_o upon_o pretence_n of_o royal_a majesty_n of_o restore_a catholic_a religion_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o all_o frontier-town_n belong_v to_o the_o union_n if_o old_a to_o be_v fortify_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o province_n where_o they_o lie_v if_o new_a to_o be_v erect_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o generality_n all_o impost_n and_o custom_n from_o three_o month_n to_o three_o month_n to_o be_v offer_v to_o they_o that_o bid_v most_o and_o with_o the_o income_n of_o the_o royal_a majesty_n to_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o common_a defence_n all_o inhabitant_n to_o be_v list_a and_o train_v within_o a_o month_n from_o 18_o to_o 60_o year_n old_a peace_n and_o war_n not_o to_o be_v make_v without_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o province_n other_o case_n that_o concern_v the_o management_n of_o both_o by_o most_o voice_n difference_n that_o shall_v arise_v upon_o the_o first_o between_o the_o province_n to_o be_v submit_v to_o the_o stadtholder_n neighbouring-prince_n lord_n land_n and_o city_n to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o union_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o province_n for_o religion_n those_o of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n to_o act_v in_o it_o as_o seem_v good_a unto_o themselves_o the_o other_o province_n may_v regulate_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n establish_v by_o mathias_n or_o else_o as_o they_o shall_v judge_n to_o be_v most_o for_o the_o peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o their_o particular_a province_n provide_v every_o one_o remain_v free_a in_o his_o religion_n and_o no_o man_n be_v examine_v or_o entrap_v for_o that_o cause_n according_a to_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n in_o case_n of_o any_o dissension_n or_o difference_n between_o province_n if_o it_o concern_v one_o in_o particular_a it_o shall_v be_v accommodate_v by_o the_o other_o if_o it_o concern_v all_o in_o general_n by_o the_o stadtholder_n in_o both_o which_o case_n sentence_n to_o be_v pronounce_v within_o a_o month_n and_o without_o appeal_n or_o revision_n the_o state_n to_o be_v hold_v as_o have_v be_v former_o use_v and_o the_o mint_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o the_o province_n interpretation_n of_o these_o article_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o state_n but_o in_o case_n of_o their_o difference_n in_o the_o stadtholder_n they_o bind_v themselves_o to_o fall_v upon_o and_o imprison_v any_o that_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o these_o article_n in_o which_o case_n no_o privilege_n nor_o exemption_n to_o be_v valid_a this_o act_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o deputy_n of_o gelderland_n zutphen_n holland_n zealand_n utrecht_n and_o the_o omland_n of_o freeze_v jan._n 23_o 1579_o but_o be_v not_o sign_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n till_o may_n follow_v and_o with_o this_o signification_n judge_v that_o by_o the_o same_o the_o superiority_n and_o authority_n of_o archduke_n mathias_n be_v not_o lessen_v in_o the_o same_o year_n this_o union_n be_v enter_v and_o sign_v by_o the_o city_n of_o ghent_n nimmegue_n arnhem_n leewarden_n with_o some_o particular_a noble_n of_o frizeland_n venlo_n yper_n antwerp_n breda_n and_o bruges_n and_o thus_o these_o province_n become_v a_o commonwealth_n but_o in_o so_o low_a and_o uncertain_a a_o state_n of_o affair_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a motion_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n mind_n the_o different_a end_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o several_a party_n especial_o in_o the_o other_o province_n and_o the_o mighty_a power_n and_o preparation_n of_o
former_a war_n but_o while_o albert_n bend_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o war_n upon_o france_n till_o he_o determine_v it_o in_o a_o peace_n with_o that_o crown_n prince_n maurice_n who_o have_v take_v groningue_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ernest_n now_o master_v linghen_n groll_n and_o other_o place_n in_o overyssel_n thereby_o add_v those_o province_n entire_a to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o union_n and_o at_o albert_n return_n into_o flanders_n entertain_v he_o with_o the_o battle_n of_o newport_n win_v by_o the_o desperate_a courage_n of_o the_o english_a under_o sir_n francis_n vere_n where_o albert_n be_v wound_v and_o very_a near_o be_v take_v after_o this_o loss_n the_o archduke_n be_v yet_o comfort_v and_o relieve_v by_o the_o obsequious_a affection_n and_o obedience_n of_o his_o new_a subject_n so_o far_o as_o to_o resolve_v upon_o the_o siege_n of_o ostend_n which_o have_v some_o time_n continue_v and_o be_v almost_o dishearten_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n and_o invincible_a courage_n of_o the_o defendant_n he_o be_v recruit_v by_o a_o body_n of_o eight_o thousand_o italian_n under_o the_o marquis_n spinola_n to_o who_o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o siege_n be_v commit_v he_o take_v the_o place_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n not_o by_o any_o want_n of_o man_n or_o provision_n within_o the_o haven_n and_o relief_n by_o sea_n be_v open_a all_o the_o time_n but_o perfect_o for_o want_v of_o ground_n which_o be_v gain_v foot_n by_o foot_n till_o not_o so_o much_o be_v leave_v as_o will_v hold_v man_n to_o defend_v it_o a_o great_a example_n how_o impossible_a it_o be_v to_o defend_v any_o town_n that_o can_v be_v relieve_v by_o a_o army_n strong_a enough_o to_o raise_v the_o siege_n prince_n maurice_n though_o he_o can_v not_o save_v ostend_n make_v yet_o amends_o for_o its_o loss_n by_o the_o take_n of_o grave_a and_o sluice_n so_o as_o the_o spaniard_n gain_v little_a but_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o enterprise_n and_o philip_n the_o second_o be_v dead_a about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o archduke_n and_o duchess_n arrival_n in_o flanders_n and_o with_o he_o the_o personal_a resentment_n of_o that_o war_n the_o archduke_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o spanish_a court_n begin_v to_o apply_v his_o thought_n whole_o to_o a_o peace_n which_o another_o circumstance_n have_v make_v more_o necessary_a than_o any_o of_o those_o already_o mention_v as_o the_o dutch_a commonwealth_n be_v bear_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n so_o out_o of_o the_o same_o element_n it_o draw_v its_o first_o strength_n and_o consideration_n as_o well_o as_o afterward_o its_o riches_n and_o greatness_n for_o before_o the_o revolt_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o low-countries_n though_o never_o allow_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o indies_n but_o in_o the_o spanish_a fleet_n and_o under_o spanish_a covert_n yet_o many_o of_o they_o have_v in_o that_o manner_n make_v the_o voyage_n and_o become_v skilful_a pilot_n as_o well_o as_o verse_v in_o the_o way_n and_o sensible_a of_o the_o infinite_a gain_n of_o that_o trade_n and_o after_o the_o union_n a_o great_a confluence_n of_o people_n fall_v down_o into_o the_o unite_a province_n than_o can_v manage_v their_o stock_n or_o find_v employment_n at_o land_n great_a multitude_n turn_v their_o endeavour_n to_o sea_n and_o have_v lose_v the_o trade_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o straits_n fall_v not_o only_o into_o that_o of_o england_n france_n and_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o venture_v upon_o that_o of_o the_o east-indies_n at_o first_o with_o small_a force_n and_o success_n but_o in_o course_n of_o time_n and_o by_o the_o institution_n of_o a_o east-india_n company_n this_o come_v to_o be_v pursue_v with_o so_o general_a application_n of_o the_o province_n and_o so_o great_a advantage_n that_o they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o most_o of_o the_o colony_n and_o fort_n plant_v there_o by_o the_o portuguess_n now_o subject_n of_o spain_n the_o dutch_a seaman_n grow_v as_o well_o acquaint_v with_o those_o vast_a sea_n and_o coast_n as_o with_o their_o own_o and_o holland_n become_v the_o great_a magazine_n of_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o eastern_a region_n in_o the_o west-indies_n their_o attempt_n be_v neither_o so_o frequent_a nor_o prosperous_a the_o spanish_a plantation_n there_o be_v too_o numerous_a and_o strong_a but_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o ship_n set_v out_o with_o public_a or_o private_a commission_n they_o infest_a the_o sea_n and_o begin_v to_o wait_v for_o and_o threaten_v the_o spanish_a indian_a fleet_n and_o sometime_o to_o attempt_v their_o coast_n in_o that_o new_a world_n which_o be_v to_o touch_v spain_n in_o the_o most_o sensible_a part_n and_o give_v their_o court_n the_o strong_a motive_n to_o endeavour_v a_o peace_n that_o may_v secure_v those_o treasure_n in_o their_o way_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o spain_n by_o stop_v the_o issue_n of_o those_o vast_a sum_n which_o be_v continual_o transmit_v to_o entertain_v the_o low-country_n war_n these_o respect_n give_v the_o first_o rise_v to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o proposal_n whereof_o come_v whole_o from_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o very_a mention_n of_o it_o can_v hardly_o at_o first_o be_v fasten_v upon_o the_o state_n nor_o can_v they_o ever_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o make_v way_n for_o any_o negotiation_n by_o a_o suspension_n of_o arm_n till_o the_o archduke_n have_v declare_v he_o will_v treat_v with_o they_o as_o with_o free_a province_n upon_o who_o neither_o he_o nor_o spain_n have_v any_o pretence_n however_o the_o affair_n be_v pursue_v with_o so_o much_o art_n and_o industry_n on_o the_o archduke_n part_n and_o with_o so_o passionate_a desire_n of_o the_o spanish_a court_n to_o end_v this_o war_n that_o they_o be_v content_a to_o treat_v it_o at_o the_o hague_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o states-general_n and_o for_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o better_a conduct_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n appoint_v the_o four_o chief_a minister_n of_o the_o archduke_n their_o commissioner_n to_o attend_v and_o pursue_v it_o there_o who_o be_v their_o camp-master-general_n spinola_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o the_o two_o secretary_n of_o state_n and_o of_o war_n in_o flanders_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o holland_n all_o the_o pace_n towards_o this_o treaty_n be_v make_v with_o great_a coldness_n and_o arrogance_n raise_v punctillious-difficulty_n upon_o every_o word_n of_o the_o archduke_n declaration_n of_o treat_v they_o as_o free_a province_n and_o upon_o spain_n ratification_n of_o that_o form_n and_o force_v they_o to_o send_v express_v into_o spain_n upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o to_o attend_v the_o length_n of_o those_o return_n for_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o their_o arm_n at_o land_n in_o the_o course_n of_o above_o thirty_o year_n war_n and_o the_o mighty_a growth_n of_o their_o naval_a power_n and_o under_o that_o protection_n of_o their_o trade_n have_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o militia_n both_o at_o land_n and_o sea_n averse_a from_o this_o treaty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o inveterate_a hatred_n against_o spain_n be_v still_o as_o fierce_a as_o ever_o and_o who_o have_v the_o hope_n or_o disposition_n of_o raise_v their_o fortune_n by_o the_o war_n of_o which_o they_o have_v so_o many_o and_o great_a example_n among_o they_o but_o there_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n one_o foreign_a and_o another_o domestic_a consideration_n which_o make_v way_n for_o this_o treaty_n more_o than_o all_o those_o argument_n that_o be_v the_o common_a theme_n or_o than_o all_o the_o office_n of_o the_o neighbour-prince_n who_o concern_v themselves_o in_o this_o affair_n either_o from_o interest_n of_o their_o own_o or_o the_o desire_n of_o end_v a_o war_n which_o have_v so_o long_o exercise_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o arm_n of_o all_o christendom_n upon_o the_o stage_n of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n so_o formidable_a under_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o philip_n the_o second_o begin_v now_o to_o decline_v by_o the_o vast_a design_n and_o unfortunate_a event_n of_o so_o many_o ambitious_a counsel_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o affair_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n be_v now_o at_o the_o great_a height_n and_o felicity_n after_o have_v achieve_v so_o many_o adventure_n with_o incredible_a constancy_n and_o valour_n and_o end_v all_o his_o war_n in_o a_o peace_n with_o spain_n the_o dutch_a imagine_v that_o the_o hot_a spirit_n of_o the_o french_a can_v not_o continue_v long_o without_o some_o exercise_n and_o that_o to_o prevent_v it_o at_o home_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a for_o that_o king_n to_o give_v it_o they_o abroad_o that_o no_o enterprise_n lay_v so_o convenient_a for_o he_o as_o that_o upon_o flanders_n which_o have_v ancient_o be_v part_n of_o the_o gallic_a nation_n and_o who_o first_o prince_n
derive_v and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n beside_o they_o have_v intimation_n that_o henry_n the_o four_o be_v take_v up_o in_o great_a preparation_n of_o war_n which_o they_o doubt_v will_v at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o fall_n on_o that_o side_n at_o least_o if_o they_o be_v invite_v by_o any_o great_a decay_n of_o the_o spanish_a power_n in_o flanders_n and_o they_o know_v very_o well_o they_o shall_v lie_v as_o much_o at_o the_o mercy_n of_o such_o a_o neighbour_n as_o france_n as_o they_o have_v former_o do_v of_o such_o a_o master_n as_o spain_n for_o the_o spanish_a power_n in_o flanders_n be_v feed_v by_o treasure_n that_o come_v by_o long_a and_o perilous_a voyage_n out_o of_o spain_n by_o troop_n draw_v either_o from_o thence_o or_o from_o italy_n or_o germany_n with_o much_o casualty_n and_o more_o expense_n their_o territory_n of_o the_o ten_o province_n be_v small_a and_o awe_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n and_o jealousy_n both_o of_o england_n and_o france_n but_o if_o france_n be_v once_o master_n of_o flanders_n the_o body_n of_o that_o empire_n will_v be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o entire_a so_o abound_v in_o people_n and_o in_o riches_n that_o whenever_o they_o find_v or_o make_v a_o occasion_n of_o invade_v the_o unite_a province_n they_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o by_o any_o opposition_n or_o diversion_n and_o the_o end_n of_o their_o mighty_a resistance_n against_o spain_n be_v to_o have_v no_o master_n and_o not_o to_o change_v one_o for_o another_o as_o they_o shall_v do_v in_o this_o case_n therefore_o the_o most_o intelligent_a among_o their_o civil_a minister_n think_v it_o safe_a by_o a_o peace_n to_o give_v breath_n to_o the_o archduke_n and_o spanish_a power_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o lessen_v the_o invitation_n of_o the_o arm_n of_o france_n into_o flanders_n under_o so_o great_a a_o king_n for_o what_o be_v domestic_a the_o credit_n and_o power_n of_o prince_n maurice_n build_v at_o first_o upon_o that_o of_o his_o father_n but_o much_o raise_v by_o his_o own_o personal_a virtue_n and_o quality_n and_o the_o success_n of_o his_o arm_n be_v now_o grow_v so_o high_a the_o prince_n be_v governor_n or_o stadtholder_n of_o four_o of_o the_o province_n and_o two_o of_o his_o cousin_n of_o the_o other_o three_o that_o several_a of_o the_o state_n head_v by_o barnevelt_n pensioner_n of_o holland_n and_o a_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o authority_n among_o they_o become_v jealous_a of_o the_o prince_n power_n and_o pretend_v to_o fear_v the_o growth_n of_o it_o to_o a_o absolute_a dominion_n they_o know_v it_o will_v increase_v by_o the_o continuance_n of_o a_o war_n which_o be_v whole_o manage_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o think_v that_o in_o a_o peace_n it_o will_v diminish_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o civil_a power_n which_o dispose_v this_o whole_a party_n to_o desire_v the_o treaty_n and_o to_o advance_v the_o progress_n and_o issue_n of_o it_o by_o all_o their_o assistance_n and_o these_o different_a humour_n stir_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o state_n with_o almost_o equal_a strength_n and_o vigour_n the_o negotiation_n of_o a_o peace_n come_v to_o be_v end_v after_o long_a debate_n and_o infinite_a endeavour_n break_v in_o appearance_n upon_o the_o point_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o indian_a trade_n but_o yet_o come_v to_o knit_v again_o and_o conclude_v in_o a_o truce_n of_o twelve_o year_n date_v in_o the_o year_n 1609_o whereof_o the_o most_o essential_a point_n be_v the_o declaration_n of_o treat_v with_o they_o as_o free_a province_n the_o cessation_n of_o all_o act_n of_o hostility_n on_o both_o side_n during_o the_o truce_n the_o enjoyment_n for_o that_o space_n of_o all_o that_o each_o party_n possess_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treaty_n that_o no_o new_a fortification_n shall_v be_v raise_v on_o either_o side_n and_o that_o free_a commerce_n shall_v be_v restore_v on_o all_o part_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v before_o the_o war_n and_o thus_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n come_v to_o be_v acknowledge_v as_o a_o free_a commonwealth_n by_o their_o ancient_a master_n have_v before_o be_v treat_v so_o by_o most_o of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o europe_n in_o frequent_a ambassy_n and_o negotiation_n among_o which_o a_o particular_a preference_n be_v give_v to_o the_o english_a crown_n who_o ambassador_n have_v session_n and_o vote_n in_o their_o council_n of_o state_n by_o agreement_n with_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o those_o great_a assistance_n which_o give_v life_n to_o their_o state_n when_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o expire_a though_o the_o dutch_a pretend_v that_o privilege_n be_v give_v to_o the_o ambassador_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o possession_n this_o crown_n have_v of_o the_o briel_n flussingue_n and_o ramekin_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o cease_v upon_o the_o restitution_n of_o those_o town_n and_o repayment_n of_o those_o sum_n lend_v by_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o very_a time_n of_o treat_v this_o truce_n a_o league_n be_v conclude_v between_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n and_o the_o state_n for_o preserve_v the_o peace_n if_o it_o come_v to_o be_v conclude_v or_o in_o case_n of_o its_o fail_n for_o assistance_n of_o one_o another_o with_o ten_o thousand_o man_n on_o the_o king_n part_n and_o five_o thousand_o on_o the_o state_n nor_o do_v that_o king_n make_v any_o difficulty_n of_o continue_v the_o two_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o two_o hundred_o horse_n in_o the_o state_n service_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n after_o the_o truce_n which_o he_o have_v maintain_v for_o several_a year_n before_o it_o omit_v no_o provision_n that_o may_v tie_v that_o state_n to_o his_o interest_n and_o make_v he_o at_o present_a arbiter_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o for_o the_o future_a of_o the_o war_n if_o the_o truce_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v break_v or_o to_o expire_v of_o itself_o by_o what_o have_v be_v relate_v it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o no_o state_n be_v ever_o bear_v with_o strong_a throw_n or_o nurse_v up_o with_o hard_a fare_n or_o inure_v to_o great_a labour_n or_o danger_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o its_o youth_n which_o be_v circumstance_n that_o usual_o make_v strong_a and_o healthy_a body_n and_o so_o this_o have_v prove_v have_v never_o have_v more_o than_o one_o disease_n break_v out_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ninety_o three_o year_n which_o may_v be_v account_v the_o age_n of_o this_o state_n reckon_v from_o the_o union_n of_o utrecht_n enter_v by_o the_o province_n in_o 1579_o but_o this_o disease_n like_o those_o of_o the_o seed_n or_o conception_n in_o a_o natural_a body_n though_o it_o first_o appear_v in_o barnevelt_n time_n break_v out_o upon_o the_o negotiation_n with_o spain_n and_o seem_v to_o end_v with_o his_o death_n who_o be_v behead_v not_o many_o year_n after_o yet_o have_v it_o ever_o since_o continue_v lurk_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o this_o state_n and_o appear_v upon_o all_o revolution_n that_o seem_v to_o favour_v the_o predominancy_n of_o the_o one_o or_o other_o humour_n in_o the_o body_n and_o under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o arminian_n party_n have_v ever_o make_v the_o weak_a side_n of_o this_o state_n and_o whenever_o their_o period_n come_v will_v prove_v the_o occasion_n of_o their_o fall_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o name_n of_o arminian_n be_v that_o whilst_o barnevelt_n party_n accuse_v those_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n as_o be_v careless_a of_o their_o liberty_n so_o dear_o buy_v as_o devote_v to_o the_o house_n of_o orange_n and_o dispose_v to_o the_o admission_n of_o a_o absolute_a principality_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o as_o promoter_n of_o a_o perpetual_a war_n with_o spain_n so_o those_o of_o the_o prince_n party_n accuse_v the_o other_o as_o lean_v still_o and_o look_v kind_o upon_o their_o old_a servitude_n and_o relish_v the_o spaniard_n both_o in_o their_o politic_n by_o so_o eager_o affect_v a_o peace_n with_o that_o crown_n and_o in_o their_o religion_n by_o be_v general_o arminian_n which_o be_v esteem_v the_o middle_a part_n between_o the_o calvinist_n and_o the_o roman_a religion_n and_o beside_o these_o mutual_a reproach_n the_o two_o party_n have_v ever_o value_v themselves_o upon_o the_o assert_v one_o of_o the_o true_a and_o pure_a reform_a religion_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o true_a and_o free_a liberty_n of_o the_o state_n the_o fortune_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n that_o have_v happen_v in_o their_o war_n or_o negotiation_n since_o the_o truce_n with_o spain_n and_o what_o circumstance_n or_o accident_n both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n serve_v to_o cultivate_v their_o mighty_a growth_n and_o conspire_v to_o the_o greatness_n wherein_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o world_n in_o the_o
in_o uncertain_a climate_n especial_o if_o improve_v by_o accident_n of_o ill_a health_n or_o ill_a fortune_n but_o this_o be_v a_o disease_n too_o refine_v for_o this_o country_n and_o people_n who_o be_v well_o when_o they_o be_v not_o ill_a and_o please_v when_o they_o be_v not_o trouble_v be_v content_a because_o they_o think_v little_a of_o it_o and_o seek_v their_o happiness_n in_o the_o common_a ease_v and_o commodity_n of_o life_n or_o the_o increase_n of_o riches_n not_o amuse_v themselves_o with_o the_o more_o speculative_a contrivance_n of_o passion_n or_o refinement_n of_o pleasure_n to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n holland_n be_v a_o country_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v better_a than_o the_o air_n and_o profit_n more_o in_o request_n than_o honour_n where_o there_o be_v more_o sense_n than_o wit_n more_o good_a nature_n than_o good_a humour_n and_o more_o wealth_n than_o pleasure_n where_o a_o man_n will_v choose_v rather_o to_o travel_v than_o to_o live_v shall_v find_v more_o thing_n to_o observe_v than_o desire_n and_o more_o person_n to_o esteem_v than_o to_o love_n but_o the_o same_o quality_n and_o disposition_n do_v not_o value_v a_o private_a man_n and_o a_o state_n nor_o make_v a_o conversation_n agreeable_a and_o a_o government_n great_a nor_o be_v it_o unlikely_a that_o some_o very_a great_a king_n may_v make_v but_o a_o very_a ordinary_a private_a gentleman_n and_o some_o very_a extraordinary_a gentleman_n may_v be_v capable_a of_o make_v but_o a_o very_a mean_a prince_n chap._n v._o of_o their_o religion_n i_o intend_v not_o here_o to_o speak_v of_o religion_n at_o all_o as_o a_o divine_a but_o as_o a_o mere_a secular_a man_n when_o i_o observe_v the_o occasion_n that_o seem_v to_o have_v establish_v it_o in_o the_o form_n or_o with_o the_o liberty_n wherewith_o it_o be_v now_o attend_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n i_o believe_v the_o reform_a religion_n be_v introduce_v there_o as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n and_o the_o many_o other_o country_n where_o it_o be_v profess_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o divine_a will_n and_o providence_n and_o by_o the_o same_o i_o believe_v the_o roman-catholique_a be_v continue_v in_o france_n where_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o conspire_v of_o so_o many_o accident_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o charles_n the_o ninth_n reign_n to_o be_v so_o near_o a_o change_n and_o whoever_o doubt_v this_o seem_v to_o question_v not_o only_o the_o will_n but_o the_o power_n of_o god_n nor_o will_v it_o at_o all_o derogate_a from_o the_o honour_n of_o a_o religion_n to_o have_v be_v plant_v in_o a_o country_n by_o secular_a mean_n or_o civil_a revolution_n which_o have_v long_v since_o succeed_v to_o those_o miraculous_a operation_n that_o make_v way_n for_o christianity_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v enough_o that_o god_n almighty_n infuse_v belief_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n or_o else_o ordain_v it_o to_o grow_v out_o of_o religious_a inquiry_n and_o instruction_n and_o that_o wherever_o the_o generality_n of_o a_o nation_n come_v by_o these_o mean_n to_o be_v of_o a_o belief_n it_o be_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o concurrence_n introduce_v into_o the_o government_n and_o become_v the_o establish_v religion_n of_o that_o country_n so_o be_v the_o reform_a profession_n introduce_v into_o england_n scotland_n sueden_n denmark_n holland_n and_o many_o part_n of_o germany_n so_o be_v the_o roman-catholique_a restore_v in_o france_n and_o in_o flanders_n where_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a concussion_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o government_n by_o the_o hugonot_n and_o the_o gueuse_n yet_o they_o be_v never_o esteem_v in_o either_o of_o those_o country_n to_o amount_v further_o than_o the_o seven_o or_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o people_n and_o whosoever_o design_n the_o change_n of_o religion_n in_o a_o country_n or_o government_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n than_o that_o of_o a_o general_a conversion_n of_o the_o people_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o design_n all_o the_o mischief_n to_o a_o nation_n that_o use_v to_o usher_v in_o or_o attend_v the_o two_o great_a distemper_n of_o a_o state_n civil_a war_n or_o tyranny_n which_o be_v violence_n oppression_n cruelty_n rapine_n intemperance_n injustice_n and_o in_o short_a the_o miserable_a effusion_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o the_o confusion_n of_o all_o law_n order_n and_o virtue_n among_o man_n such_o consequence_n as_o these_o i_o doubt_v be_v something_o more_o than_o the_o dispute_v opinion_n of_o any_o man_n or_o any_o particular_a assembly_n of_o man_n can_v be_v worth_a since_o the_o great_a and_o general_a end_n of_o all_o religion_n next_o to_o man_n happiness_n hereafter_o be_v their_o happiness_n here_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o commandment_n of_o god_n be_v the_o best_a and_o great_a moral_n and_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o divine_a precept_n that_o have_v be_v give_v to_o a_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o reward_v propose_v to_o the_o piety_n of_o the_o jew_n throughout_o the_o old_a testament_n which_o be_v the_o blessing_n of_o this_o life_n as_o health_n length_n of_o age_n number_n of_o child_n plenty_n peace_n or_o victory_n now_o the_o way_n to_o our_o future_a happiness_n have_v be_v perpetual_o dispute_v throughout_o the_o world_n and_o must_v be_v leave_v at_o last_o to_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o every_o man_n belief_n and_o conscience_n either_o by_o natural_a or_o supernatural_a argument_n and_o mean_n which_o impression_n man_n may_v disguise_v or_o dissemble_v but_o no_o man_n can_v resist_v for_o belief_n be_v no_o more_o in_o a_o man_n power_n than_o his_o stature_n or_o his_o feature_n and_o he_o that_o tell_v i_o i_o must_v change_v my_o opinion_n for_o he_o because_o it_o be_v the_o true_a and_o the_o better_a without_o other_o argument_n that_o have_v to_o i_o the_o force_n of_o conviction_n may_v as_o well_o tell_v i_o i_o must_v change_v my_o gray_a eye_n for_o other_o like_o his_o that_o be_v black_a because_o these_o be_v lovely_a or_o more_o in_o esteem_n he_o that_o tell_v i_o i_o must_v inform_v myself_o have_v reason_n if_o i_o do_v it_o not_o but_o if_o i_o endeavour_v it_o all_o that_o i_o can_v and_o perhaps_o more_o than_o he_o ever_o do_v and_o yet_o still_o differ_v from_o he_o and_o he_o that_o it_o may_v be_v be_v idle_a will_v have_v i_o study_v on_o and_o inform_v myself_o better_a and_o so_o to_o the_o end_n of_o my_o life_n then_o i_o easy_o understand_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o inform_v which_o be_v in_o short_a that_o i_o must_v do_v it_o till_o i_o come_v to_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n if_o he_o that_o perhaps_o pursue_v his_o pleasure_n or_o interest_n as_o much_o or_o more_o than_o i_o do_v and_o allow_v i_o to_o have_v as_o good_a sense_n as_o he_o have_v in_o all_o other_o matter_n tell_v i_o i_o shall_v be_v of_o his_o opinion_n but_o that_o passion_n or_o interest_n blind_v i_o unless_o he_o can_v convince_v i_o how_o or_o where_o this_o lie_v he_o be_v but_o where_o he_o be_v only_o pretend_v to_o know_v i_o better_o than_o i_o do_v myself_o who_o can_v imagine_v why_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v as_o much_o care_n of_o my_o soul_n as_o he_o have_v of_o he_o a_o man_n that_o tell_v i_o my_o opinion_n be_v absurd_a or_o ridiculous_a impertinent_a or_o unreasonable_a because_o they_o differ_v from_o he_o seem_v to_o intend_v a_o quarrel_n instead_o of_o a_o dispute_n and_o call_v i_o fool_n or_o madman_n with_o a_o little_a more_o circumstance_n though_o perhaps_o i_o pass_v for_o one_o as_o well_o in_o my_o sense_n as_o he_o as_o pertinent_a in_o talk_n and_o as_o prudent_a in_o life_n yet_o these_o be_v the_o common_a civility_n in_o religious_a argument_n of_o sufficient_a and_o conceit_a man_n who_o talk_v much_o of_o right_a reason_n and_o mean_v always_o their_o own_o and_o make_v their_o private_a imagination_n the_o measure_n of_o general_a truth_n but_o such_o language_n determine_v all_o between_o we_o and_o the_o dispute_n come_v to_o end_v in_o three_o word_n at_o last_o which_o it_o may_v as_o well_o have_v end_v in_o at_o first_o that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o right_n and_o i_o be_o in_o the_o wrong_n the_o other_o great_a end_n of_o religion_n which_o be_v our_o happiness_n here_o have_v be_v general_o agree_v on_o by_o all_o mankind_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o record_n of_o all_o their_o law_n rep._n as_o well_o as_o all_o their_o religion_n which_o come_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o man_n custom_n and_o and_o opinion_n though_o in_o the_o latter_a that_o concurrence_n may_v have_v be_v produce_v by_o divine_a impression_n or_o inspiration_n for_o all_o agree_v in_o teach_v and_o command_v in_o plant_v and_o improve_n not_o only_o those_o moral_a virtue_n which_o conduce_v to_o the_o felicity_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o every_o private_a man_n life_n but_o
a_o height_n as_o make_v it_o either_o delightful_a or_o terrible_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o useful_a or_o dangerous_a to_o the_o country_n about_o it_o the_o number_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n under_o many_o different_a name_n have_v by_o several_a inundation_n break_v down_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n extend_v in_o their_o province_n as_o far_o as_o the_o rhine_n either_o give_v a_o birth_n or_o make_v way_n for_o the_o several_a kingdom_n and_o principality_n that_o have_v since_o continue_v in_o the_o part_n of_o europe_n on_o this_o side_n that_o river_n which_o make_v the_o ancient_a limit_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o german_a nation_n the_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o we_o usual_o call_v the_o low-countries_n be_v so_o waste_v by_o the_o invasion_n or_o march_n of_o this_o rage_a people_n who_o pass_v by_o they_o to_o great_a conquest_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v thin_a and_o be_v secure_a of_o nothing_o they_o possess_v fall_v to_o seek_v the_o support_n of_o their_o life_n rather_o by_o hunt_v or_o by_o violence_n than_o by_o labour_n and_o industry_n and_o thereby_o the_o ground_n come_v to_o be_v uncultivated_a and_o in_o the_o course_n of_o year_n turn_v either_o to_o forest_n or_o marsh_n which_o be_v the_o two_o natural_a soyl_n of_o all_o desolate_v land_n in_o the_o more_o temperate_a region_n for_o by_o soak_v of_o frequent_a shower_n and_o the_o course_n of_o water_n from_o the_o high_a into_o low_a ground_n when_o there_o be_v no_o issue_n that_o help_v they_o to_o break_v out_o into_o a_o channel_n the_o flat_a land_n grow_v to_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o neither_o of_o common_a use_n nor_o passage_n to_o man_n or_o beast_n which_o be_v call_v a_o marsh._n though_o high_o and_o so_o the_o dry_a part_n moisten_v by_o the_o rain_n and_o warm_v by_o the_o sun_n shoot_v forth_o some_o sort_n of_o plant_n as_o natural_o as_o body_n do_v some_o sort_n of_o hair_n which_o be_v preserve_v by_o the_o desolateness_n of_o a_o place_n untrodden_a as_o well_o as_o untilled_a grow_v to_o such_o tree_n or_o shrub_n as_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o soil_n and_o those_o in_o time_n produce_v both_o food_n and_o shelter_n for_o several_a kind_n of_o beast_n make_v the_o sort_n of_o country_n we_o call_v a_o forest._n and_o such_o be_v flanders_n for_o many_o year_n before_o charlemaign'_v time_n when_o the_o power_n of_o the_o franc_n have_v raise_v and_o establish_v a_o great_a kingdom_n of_o their_o own_o upon_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o gaul_n begin_v to_o reduce_v the_o disorder_n of_o that_o country_n to_o the_o form_n of_o a_o civil_a or_o at_o least_o military_a government_n to_o make_v division_n and_o distribution_n of_o land_n and_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o service_n of_o his_o chief_a follower_n and_o commander_n to_o one_o of_o who_o a_o great_a extent_n of_o this_o land_n be_v give_v with_o the_o title_n of_o forester_n of_o flanders_n this_o office_n continue_v for_o several_a descent_n and_o begin_v to_o civilize_v the_o country_n by_o repress_v the_o violence_n of_o robber_n and_o spoiler_n who_o infest_a the_o woody_a and_o fast-place_n and_o by_o encourage_v the_o mild_a people_n to_o fall_v into_o civil_a society_n to_o trust_v to_o their_o industry_n for_o subsistence_n to_o law_n for_o protection_n and_o to_o their_o arm_n unite_v under_o the_o care_n and_o conduct_v of_o their_o governor_n for_o safety_n and_o defence_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaigne_n as_o some_o write_v or_o as_o other_o in_o that_o of_o charles_n the_o bald_a flanders_n be_v erect_v into_o a_o county_n which_o change_v the_o title_n of_o forester_n for_o that_o of_o count_n without_o interrupt_v the_o succession_n what_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o county_n be_v at_o first_o or_o how_o far_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o forester_n reach_v i_o can_v affirm_v nor_o whether_o it_o only_o border_v upon_o or_o include_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o vast_a wood_n of_o ardenne_n which_o in_o charlemaign'_v time_n be_v all_o forest_n as_o high_a as_o aix_n and_o the_o rough_a country_n for_o some_o league_n beyond_o it_o and_o be_v use_v common_o by_o that_o emperor_n for_o his_o hunt_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o city_n which_o attribute_v the_o discovery_n or_o at_o least_o retrieve_v the_o knowledge_n of_o those_o hot_a bath_n to_o the_o fortune_n of_o that_o prince_n while_o he_o be_v hunt_v for_o his_o horse_n poach_v one_o of_o his_o leg_n into_o some_o hollow_a ground_n make_v way_n for_o the_o smoke_a water_n to_o break_v out_o and_o give_v occasion_n for_o the_o emperor_n build_v that_o city_n and_o make_v it_o his_o usual_a seat_n and_o the_o place_n of_o coronation_n for_o the_o follow_a emperor_n holland_n be_v a_o island_n make_v by_o the_o dividing-branche_n of_o the_o ancient_a rind_n and_o call_v former_o batavia_n be_v esteem_v rather_o a_o part_n of_o germany_n than_o gaul_n between_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o regard_n of_o its_o be_v plant_v by_o the_o catti_n a_o great_a and_o ancient_a people_n of_o germany_n and_o be_v treat_v by_o the_o roman_n rather_o as_o a_o ally_v than_o subject_v province_n who_o draw_v from_o thence_o no_o other_o tribute_n beside_o band_n of_o soldier_n much_o esteem_v for_o their_o valour_n and_o join_v as_o auxiliary_n to_o their_o legion_n in_o their_o gallic_a german_n and_o british_a war_n it_o be_v probable_a this_o island_n change_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n inhabitant_n and_o custom_n as_o well_o as_o name_n upon_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n but_o chief_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n from_o who_o country_n and_o language_n the_o name_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n seem_v to_o be_v derive_v but_o about_o the_o year_n 860_o a_o son_n of_o the_o count_n of_o freeze_v by_o a_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o second_o be_v by_o he_o institute_v count_n of_o holland_n and_o give_v beginning_n to_o that_o title_n which_o run_v since_o that_o time_n through_o so_o many_o direct_a or_o collateral_a succession_n and_o some_o usurpation_n end_v at_o last_o in_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n under_o these_o first_o forester_n and_o count_n who_o begin_v to_o take_v those_o waste_a country_n and_o mix_a people_n into_o their_o care_n and_o to_o intend_v the_o growth_n strength_n and_o riches_n of_o their_o subject_n which_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v their_o own_o many_o old_a and_o demolish_a castle_n be_v rebuilt_a many_o new_a one_o erect_v and_o give_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o those_o of_o their_o subject_n or_o friend_n who_o they_o most_o love_a or_o esteem_v with_o large_a circuit_n of_o land_n for_o their_o support_n and_o seigneurial_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o this_o upon_o several_a easy_a condition_n but_o chief_o of_o attendance_n on_o their_o prince_n at_o the_o necessary_a time_n of_o either_o honour_v he_o in_o peace_n or_o serve_v he_o in_o war._n nay_o possible_o some_o of_o these_o seigneury_n and_o their_o jurisdiction_n may_v as_o they_o pretend_v have_v be_v the_o remain_v of_o some_o old_a principality_n in_o those_o country_n among_o the_o gallic_a and_o german_a nation_n the_o first_o institution_n whereof_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o immensity_n of_o time_n that_o precede_v the_o roman_a discovery_n or_o conquest_n and_o may_v be_v derive_v perhaps_o from_o the_o first_o paternal_a dominion_n or_o concurrence_n of_o loose_a people_n into_o orderly_a neighbourhood_n with_o a_o deference_n if_o not_o subjection_n to_o the_o wise_a or_o brave_a among_o they_o under_o the_o same_o count_n be_v either_o found_v or_o restore_v many_o city_n and_o town_n of_o which_o the_o old_a have_v their_o ancient_a freedom_n and_o jurisdiction_n confirm_v or_o other_o annex_v and_o the_o new_a have_v either_o the_o same_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o example_n of_o the_o other_o or_o great_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o inhabitant_n to_o come_v and_o people_n in_o they_o all_o these_o constitution_n agree_v much_o in_o substance_n perhaps_o by_o imitation_n or_o else_o by_o the_o agreeing-nature_n of_o the_o people_n for_o who_o or_o by_o who_o they_o be_v frame_v but_o differ_v in_o form_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o original_a or_o the_o several_a nature_n custom_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o concession_n many_o of_o they_o be_v and_o all_o their_o permission_n another_o constitution_n which_o enter_v deep_a into_o their_o government_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o another_o source_n for_o those_o northern_a nation_n who_o unknown_a language_n and_o country_n perhaps_o make_v they_o be_v call_v barbarous_a though_o indeed_o almost_o all_o nation_n out_o of_o
italy_n defend_v by_o marius_n under_o that_o of_o huns_n or_o lombard_n visigoth_n goth_n and_o vandal_n conquer_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n sack_v rome_n thrice_o in_o a_o small_a compass_n of_o year_n seat_v their_o kingdom_n in_o spain_n and_o africa_n as_o well_o as_o lombardy_n and_o under_o that_o of_o dane_n or_o norman_n possess_v themselves_o of_o england_n a_o great_a part_n of_o france_n and_o even_o of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n how_o i_o say_v these_o nation_n which_o seem_v to_o spawn_n in_o every_o age_n and_o at_o some_o interval_n of_o time_n discharge_v their_o own_o native_a country_n of_o so_o vast_a number_n and_o with_o such_o terror_n to_o the_o world_n shall_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o year_n ago_o leave_v off_o the_o use_n of_o these_o furious_a expedition_n as_o if_o on_o a_o sudden_a they_o shall_v have_v grow_v barren_a or_o tame_v or_o better_o content_v with_o their_o own_o ill_a climate_n but_o i_o suppose_v we_o owe_v this_o benefit_n whole_o to_o the_o growth_n and_o progress_n of_o christianity_n in_o the_o north_n by_o which_o early_a and_o undistinguished_a copulation_n or_o multitude_n of_o wife_n be_v either_o restrain_v or_o abrogate_a by_o the_o same_o mean_n learn_v and_o civility_n get_v foot_v among_o they_o in_o some_o degree_n and_o enclose_v certain_a circuit_n of_o those_o vast_a region_n by_o the_o distinction_n and_o bound_n of_o kingdom_n principality_n or_o commonalty_n man_n begin_v to_o leave_v their_o wild_a life_n spend_v without_o other_o care_n or_o pleasure_n than_o of_o food_n or_o of_o lust_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o ease_n and_o entertainment_n of_o society_n with_o order_n and_o labour_n riches_n begin_v and_o trade_n follow_v and_o these_o make_a way_n for_o luxury_n and_o that_o for_o many_o disease_n or_o ill_a habit_n of_o body_n which_o unknown_a to_o the_o former_a and_o simple_a age_n begin_v to_o shorten_v and_o weaken_v both_o life_n and_o procreation_n beside_o the_o division_n and_o circle_n of_o dominion_n occasion_v war_n between_o the_o several_a nation_n though_o of_o one_o faith_n and_o those_o of_o the_o pole_n hungarian_n and_o muscovite_n with_o the_o turk_n or_o tartar_n make_v great_a slaughter_n and_o by_o these_o accident_n i_o suppose_v the_o number_n of_o those_o fertile_a brood_n have_v be_v lessen_v and_o their_o limit_n in_o a_o measure_n confine_v and_o we_o have_v have_v thereby_o for_o so_o long_o together_o in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o draw_v our_o own_o blood_n upon_o the_o quarrel_n of_o humour_n or_o avarice_n ambition_n or_o pride_n without_o the_o assistance_n or_o need_n of_o any_o barbarous_a nation_n to_o destroy_v we_o but_o to_o end_v this_o disgression_n and_o return_v to_o the_o low-countries_n where_o the_o government_n last_v in_o the_o form_n and_o manner_n describe_v though_o in_o several_a principality_n till_o philip_n of_o burgundy_n in_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o province_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v by_o this_o great_a extent_n of_o a_o populous_a country_n and_o the_o mighty_a growth_n of_o trade_n in_o bruges_n gant_n and_o antwerp_n attribute_v by_o comines_n to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o ease_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n both_o philip_n and_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o hardy_a find_v themselves_o a_o match_n for_o france_n then_o much_o weaken_v as_o well_o by_o the_o late_a war_n of_o england_n as_o the_o faction_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o in_o the_o war_n with_o france_n be_v the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n under_o charles_n and_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n and_o heir_n and_o afterward_o under_o charles_n the_o five_o their_o grandchild_n almost_o constant_o engage_v the_o course_n success_n and_o revolution_n whereof_o be_v common_o know_v philip_n of_o burgundy_n who_o begin_v they_o be_v a_o good_a and_o wise_a prince_n love_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o esteem_v by_o his_o enemy_n and_o take_v his_o measure_n so_o well_o that_o upon_o the_o decline_a of_o the_o english_a greatness_n abroad_o by_o their_o dissension_n at_o home_n he_o end_v his_o quarrel_n in_o france_n by_o a_o peace_n with_o safety_n and_o honour_n so_o that_o he_o take_v no_o pretence_n from_o his_o greatness_n or_o his_o war_n to_o change_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o form_n of_o his_o government_n but_o charles_n the_o hardy_a engage_v more_o rash_o against_o france_n and_o the_o swisser_n begin_v to_o ask_v great_a and_o frequent_a contribution_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o gain_v at_o first_o by_o the_o credit_n of_o his_o father_n government_n and_o his_o own_o great_a design_n but_o spend_v in_o a_o unfortunate_a war_n make_v his_o people_n discontent_v and_o he_o disesteem_v till_o he_o end_v a_o unhappy_a life_n by_o a_o untimely_a death_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o nancy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o maximilian_n several_a german-troop_n be_v bring_v down_o into_o flanders_n for_o their_o defence_n against_o france_n and_o in_o that_o of_o charles_n the_o five_o much_o great_a force_n of_o spaniard_n and_o italian_n upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n a_o thing_n unknown_a to_o the_o low-countrey-man_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o former_a prince_n but_o through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o this_o emperor_n reign_n who_o be_v common_o on_o the_o fortunate_a hand_n his_o greatness_n and_o fame_n increase_a together_o either_o divert_v or_o suppress_v any_o discontent_n of_o his_o subject_n upon_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o payment_n or_o the_o grievance_n of_o so_o many_o foreign_a troop_n among_o they_o beside_o charles_n be_v of_o a_o gentle_a and_o a_o generous_a nature_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o low-countries_n be_v natural_o kind_a and_o easy_a to_o that_o people_n who_o custom_n and_o language_n he_o always_o use_v when_o he_o be_v among_o they_o and_o employ_v all_o their_o great_a man_n in_o the_o charge_n of_o his_o court_n his_o government_n or_o his_o army_n through_o the_o several_a part_n of_o his_o vast_a dominion_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o last_o great_a action_n of_o his_o life_n which_o be_v the_o resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n and_o brother_n he_o leave_v to_o philip_n the_o second_o the_o seventeen_o province_n in_o a_o condition_n as_o peaceable_a and_o as_o loyal_a as_o either_o prince_n or_o subject_n can_v desire_v philip_n the_o second_o come_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o so_o many_o and_o great_a dominion_n about_o the_o year_n 1556_o after_o some_o trial_n of_o good_a and_o ill_a fortune_n in_o the_o war_n with_o france_n which_o be_v leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n like_o a_o encumbrance_n upon_o a_o great_a estate_n restore_v by_o the_o peace_n of_o cambrey_n not_o only_o the_o quiet_a of_o his_o own_o country_n but_o in_o a_o manner_n of_o all_o christendom_n which_o be_v in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o these_o prince_n after_o this_o he_o resolve_v to_o return_v into_o spain_n and_o leave_v the_o low-countries_n under_o a_o subordinate_a government_n which_o have_v be_v till_o charles_n the_o five_o time_n the_o constant_a seat_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o share_v the_o presence_n of_o that_o great_a emperor_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n but_o philip_n a_o spaniard_n bear_v receive_v from_o the_o climate_n or_o education_n of_o that_o country_n the_o severeness_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o the_o fleming_n call_v reservedness_n and_o pride_n confer_v the_o office_n of_o his_o house_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o council_n and_o confidence_n upon_o spaniard_n and_o thereby_o introduce_v their_o custom_n habit_n and_o language_n into_o the_o court_n of_o flanders_n continue_v after_o the_o peace_n those_o spanish_a and_o italian_a force_n and_o the_o demand_n of_o supply_n from_o the_o state_n which_o the_o war_n have_v make_v necessary_a and_o the_o easy_a support_v he_o soon_o leave_v off_o be_v love_v and_o begin_v to_o be_v fear_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o province_n but_o philip_n the_o second_o think_v it_o not_o agree_v with_o the_o pomp_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n already_o at_o the_o head_n of_o so_o mighty_a dominion_n nor_o with_o his_o design_n of_o a_o yet_o great_a empire_n to_o consider_v the_o discontent_n or_o grievance_n of_o so_o small_a a_o country_n nor_o to_o be_v limit_v by_o their_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n and_o therefore_o at_o his_o departure_n for_o spain_n and_o substitution_n of_o his_o natural_a sister_n the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n for_o governess_n of_o the_o low-countries_n assist_v by_o the_o ministry_n of_o granvell_n he_o leave_v she_o instruct_v to_o continue_v the_o foreign_a troop_n and_o the_o demand_n of_o money_n from_o the_o state_n for_o their_o support_n which_o be_v now_o by_o a_o long_a course_n of_o war_n grow_v customary_a
among_o they_o and_o the_o sum_v only_o dispute_v between_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o state_n to_o establish_v the_o fourteen_o bishop_n he_o have_v agree_v with_o the_o pope_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o three_o that_o be_v ancient_o in_o the_o low-countries_n to_o revive_v the_o edict_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o against_o luther_n publish_v in_o a_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n about_o the_o year_n 1550_o but_o elude_v in_o the_o low-countries_n even_o in_o that_o emperor_n time_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o inquisition_n with_o the_o same_o course_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o spain_n of_o which_o the_o lutheran_n here_o and_o the_o moor_n there_o be_v make_v a_o equal_a pretence_n and_o these_o point_n as_o they_o come_v to_o be_v own_v and_o execute_v make_v the_o first_o commotion_n of_o man_n mind_n in_o the_o province_n the_o hatred_n of_o the_o people_n against_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o insolence_n of_o those_o troop_n with_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o support_n make_v they_o look_v upon_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_a as_o the_o instrument_n of_o their_o oppression_n and_o slavery_n and_o not_o of_o their_o defence_n when_o a_o general_a peace_n have_v leave_v they_o no_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o the_o state_n begin_v here_o their_o complaint_n with_o a_o general_a consent_n and_o passion_n of_o all_o the_o noble_n as_o well_o as_o town_n and_o country_n and_o upon_o the_o delay_n that_o be_v contrive_v or_o fall_v in_o the_o state_n first_o refuse_v to_o raise_v any_o more_o money_n either_o for_o the_o spaniard_n pay_v or_o their_o own_o standing-troop_n and_o the_o people_n run_v into_o so_o great_a despair_n that_o in_o zealand_n they_o absolute_o give_v over_o the_o work_n at_o their_o digue_n suffer_v the_o sea_n to_o gain_v every_o tide_n upon_o the_o country_n and_o resolve_v as_o they_o say_v rather_o to_o be_v devour_v by_o that_o element_n than_o by_o the_o spanish_a soldier_n so_o that_o after_o many_o dispute_n and_o intrigue_n between_o the_o governess_n and_o the_o province_n the_o king_n upon_o her_o remonstrance_n be_v induce_v to_o their_o removal_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v with_o great_a joy_n and_o applause_n of_o the_o people_n the_o erect_n of_o fourteen_o new_a bishop_n see_v raise_v the_o next_o contest_v the_o great_a lord_n look_v upon_o this_o innovation_n as_o a_o lessen_v of_o their_o power_n by_o introduce_v so_o many_o new_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n the_o abbot_n out_o of_o who_o land_n they_o be_v to_o be_v endow_v plead_v against_o it_o as_o a_o violent_a usurpation_n upon_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o will_n of_o the_o dead_a who_o have_v give_v those_o land_n to_o a_o particular_a use_n the_o commons_o murmur_v at_o it_o as_o a_o new_a degree_n of_o oppression_n upon_o their_o conscience_n or_o liberty_n by_o the_o erect_n so_o many_o new_a spiritual_a court_n of_o judicature_n and_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v seventeen_o for_o three_o that_o be_v before_o in_o the_o country_n and_o those_o depend_v absolute_o upon_o the_o pope_n or_o the_o king_n and_o all_o man_n declaim_v against_o it_o as_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n oath_n at_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o government_n for_o the_o preserve_v the_o church_n and_o the_o law_n in_o the_o same_o state_n he_o find_v they_o however_o this_o point_n be_v gain_v entire_o by_o the_o governess_n and_o carry_v over_o the_o head_n of_o all_o opposition_n though_o not_o without_o leave_v a_o general_a discontent_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o ill_a humour_n stir_v in_o flanders_n the_o war_n of_o religion_n break_v out_o in_o france_n drive_v great_a number_n of_o calvinist_n into_o all_o those_o part_n of_o the_o low-countries_n that_o confine_v upon_o france_n as_o the_o trouble_n of_o germany_n have_v before_o of_o lutheran_n into_o the_o province_n about_o the_o rind_n and_o the_o persecution_n under_o queen_n mary_n those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n into_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n by_o the_o great_a commerce_n of_o this_o kingdom_n with_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n these_o accident_n and_o neighbourhood_n fill_v these_o country_n in_o a_o small_a tract_n of_o time_n with_o swarm_n of_o the_o reform_a professor_n and_o the_o admiration_n of_o their_o zeal_n the_o opinion_n of_o their_o doctrine_n and_o piety_n the_o compassion_n of_o their_o suffering_n the_o infusion_n of_o their_o discontent_n or_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o age_n gain_v they_o every_o day_n many_o proselyte_n in_o the_o low-countries_n some_o among_o the_o noble_n many_o among_o the_o village_n but_o most_o among_o the_o city_n who_o trade_n and_o riches_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o these_o new_a inhabitant_n and_o who_o interest_n thereby_o as_o well_o as_o conversation_n draw_v they_o on_o to_o their_o favour_n this_o make_v work_v for_o the_o inquisition_n though_o moderate_o exercise_v by_o the_o prudence_n and_o temper_n of_o the_o governess_n mediate_a between_o the_o rigour_n of_o granvell_n in_o strain_v up_o to_o the_o high_a his_o master_n authority_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o command_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o the_o resoluteness_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o province_n to_o temper_v the_o king_n edict_n and_o protect_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n against_o the_o admission_n of_o this_o new_a and_o arbitrary_a judicature_n unknown_a to_o all_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o for_o that_o not_o less_o odious_a to_o the_o people_n than_o for_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o execution_n for_o before_o the_o inquisition_n the_o care_n of_o religion_n be_v in_o the_o bishop_n and_o before_o that_o in_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n throughout_o the_o province_n upon_o angry_a debate_n in_o council_n but_o chief_o upon_o the_o universal_a ministry_n of_o granvell_n a_o burgundian_n of_o mean_a birth_n grow_v at_o last_o to_o be_v a_o cardinal_n and_o more_o famous_a for_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o part_n than_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o life_n the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n among_o who_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n count_n egmont_n and_o horn_n the_o marquis_n of_o bergen_n and_o montigny_n be_v most_o considerable_a grow_v to_o so_o violent_a and_o implacable_a a_o hatred_n of_o the_o cardinal_n whether_o from_o passion_n or_o interest_n which_o be_v so_o universal_o spread_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n either_o by_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o or_o the_o example_n that_o the_o lord_n first_o refuse_v their_o attendance_n in_o council_n protest_v not_o to_o endure_v the_o sight_n of_o a_o man_n so_o absolute_a there_o and_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o country_n and_o afterward_o petition_v the_o king_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n for_o his_o removal_n upon_o the_o delay_n whereof_o and_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o inquisition_n the_o people_n appear_v upon_o daily_a occasion_n and_o accident_n heat_v to_o that_o degree_n as_o threaten_v a_o general_a combustion_n in_o the_o whole_a body_n when_o ever_o the_o least_o flame_n shall_v break_v out_o in_o any_o part_n but_o the_o king_n at_o length_n consent_v to_o granvell_n recess_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n as_o well_o as_o the_o pursuit_n of_o the_o province_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n reassume_v their_o place_n in_o council_n count_n egmont_n be_v send_v into_o spain_n to_o represent_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v favourable_o dispatch_v by_o the_o king_n especial_o by_o remit_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o edict_n about_o religion_n and_o the_o inquisition_n all_o noise_n of_o discontent_n and_o tumult_n be_v appease_v the_o lord_n be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o governess_n in_o the_o council_n and_o conduct_v of_o affair_n and_o the_o governess_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n both_o obey_v and_o honour_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1565_o there_o be_v a_o conference_n at_o bayonne_n between_o katherine_n queen-mother_n of_o france_n and_o her_o son_n charles_n the_o nine_o though_o very_o young_a with_o his_o sister_n isabel_n queen_n of_o spain_n in_o which_o no_o other_o person_n but_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n intervene_v be_v depute_v thither_o by_o philip_n who_o excuse_v his_o own_o presence_n and_o thereby_o make_v this_o interview_n pass_v for_o a_o effect_n or_o expression_n of_o kindness_n between_o the_o mother_n and_o her_o child_n whether_o great_a resolution_n be_v the_o more_o suspect_v where_o great_a secrecy_n be_v observe_v or_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n affirm_v to_o have_v by_o accident_n discover_v that_o the_o extirpation_n of_o all_o family_n which_o shall_v profess_v the_o new_a religion_n in_o the_o french_a or_o spanish_a dominion_n be_v here_o agree_v on_o with_o mutual_a assistance_n of_o the_o two_o crown_n it_o be_v certain_a and_o be_v own_v
duchess_n of_o parma_n against_o the_o inquisition_n and_o for_o some_o liberty_n in_o point_n of_o religion_n those_o person_n which_o attend_v he_o look_v mean_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o their_o garb_n be_v call_v by_o one_o of_o the_o courtier_n at_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o palace_n gueses_n which_o signify_v beggar_n a_o name_n though_o raise_v by_o chance_n or_o by_o scorn_n yet_o affect_v by_o the_o party_n as_o a_o expression_n of_o humility_n and_o distress_n and_o use_v ever_o after_o by_o both_o side_n as_o a_o name_n of_o distinction_n comprehend_v all_o who_o dissent_v from_o the_o roman_a church_n how_o different_a soever_o in_o opinion_n among_o themselves_o these_o man_n spread_v in_o great_a number_n through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o province_n by_o the_o accident_n and_o disposition_n already_o mention_v after_o the_o appease_n of_o their_o first_o sedition_n be_v break_v in_o their_o common_a counsel_n and_o by_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o inquisition_n and_o rigour_n of_o alva_n be_v in_o great_a multitude_n force_v to_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o province_n at_o least_o such_o as_o have_v mean_n or_o hope_n of_o subsist_v abroad_o many_o of_o the_o poor_a and_o more_o desperate_a flee_v into_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o upper_a country_n where_o they_o be_v thick_a and_o wild_a and_o live_v upon_o spoil_n and_o in_o the_o first_o descent_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o force_n do_v great_a mischief_n to_o all_o scatter_a party_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n troop_n in_o their_o march_n through_o those_o part_n but_o after_o that_o attempt_n of_o the_o prince_n end_v without_o success_n and_o he_o be_v force_v back_o into_o germany_n the_o count_n of_o mark_n a_o violent_a and_o implacable_a enemy_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n and_o his_o government_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o break_a troop_n who_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o disposition_n have_v leave_v together_o in_o friezland_n man_v out_o some_o ship_n of_o small_a force_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o sea_n and_o with_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n begin_v to_o prey_v upon_o all_o they_o can_v master_v that_o belong_v to_o the_o spaniard_n they_o sometime_o shelter_v and_o water_v and_o sell_v their_o prize_n in_o some_o crekes_n or_o small_a harbour_n of_o england_n though_o forbid_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n then_o in_o peace_n with_o spain_n sometime_o in_o the_o river_n ems_n or_o some_o small_a port_n of_o friezland_n till_o at_o length_n have_v gain_v considerable_a riches_n by_o these_o adventure_n whether_o to_o sell_v or_o to_o refresh_v whether_o drive_v by_o storm_n or_o lead_v by_o design_n upon_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ill_a blood_n which_o the_o new_a tax_n have_v breed_v in_o all_o the_o province_n they_o land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o briel_n assault_v and_o carry_v the_o town_n pull_v down_o the_o image_n in_o the_o church_n profess_v open_o their_o religion_n declare_v against_o the_o tax_n and_o tyranny_n of_o the_o spanish_a government_n and_o be_v immediate_o follow_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o most_o of_o the_o town_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o west-friezland_a who_o throw_v out_o the_o spanish_a garrison_n renounce_v their_o obedience_n to_o king_n philip_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n the_o prince_n return_v out_o of_o germany_n with_o new_a force_n and_o make_v use_n of_o this_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n content_v himself_o not_o with_o holland_n and_o zealand_n but_o march_v up_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o province_n within_o five_o league_n of_o brussels_n seize_v upon_o mechlin_n and_o many_o other_o town_n with_o so_o great_a consent_n applause_n and_o concourse_n of_o people_n that_o the_o whole_a spanish_a dominion_n seem_v now_o ready_a to_o expire_v in_o the_o low-countries_n if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v revive_v by_o the_o massacre_n of_o the_o protestant_n at_o paris_n which_o contrive_v by_o joint_a counsel_n with_o king_n philip_n and_o act_v by_o a_o spanish_a party_n in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n and_o with_o so_o fatal_a a_o blow_n to_o the_o contrary_a faction_n encourage_v the_o duke_n of_o alva_n and_o dampt_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n so_o that_o one_o gather_v strength_n enough_o to_o defend_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o province_n and_o the_o other_o retire_v into_o holland_n and_o make_v that_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war._n this_o country_n be_v strong_a by_o its_o nature_n and_o seat_n among_o the_o water_n that_o encompass_v and_o divide_v it_o but_o more_o by_o a_o rough_a sort_n of_o people_n at_o that_o time_n less_o soften_v by_o trade_n or_o by_o riches_n less_o use_v to_o grant_n of_o money_n and_o tax_n and_o proud_a of_o their_o ancient_a fame_n record_v in_o the_o roman_a story_n of_o be_v obstinate_a defender_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o now_o most_o implacable_a hater_n of_o the_o spanish_a name_n all_o these_o disposition_n be_v increase_v and_o harden_v in_o the_o war_n that_o ensue_v under_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n conduct_n or_o his_o son_n by_o the_o slaughter_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n and_o sex_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o naerden_n where_o the_o house_n be_v burn_v and_o the_o wall_n level_v to_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o desperate_a defence_n of_o haerlem_n for_o ten_o month_n with_o all_o the_o practice_n and_o return_n of_o ignominy_n cruelty_n and_o scorn_v on_o both_o side_n while_o the_o very_a woman_n list_v themselves_o in_o company_n repair_v breach_n give_v alarm_n and_o beat_v up_o quarter_n till_o all_o be_v famish_a four_o hundred_o burgher_n after_o the_o surrender_n be_v kill_v in_o cold_a blood_n among_o many_o other_o example_n of_o a_o incense_a conqueror_n which_o make_v the_o humour_n of_o the_o party_n grow_v more_o desperate_a and_o their_o hatred_n to_o spain_n and_o alva_n incurable_a the_o same_o army_n break_v and_o force_v to_o rise_v from_o before_o alcmaer_n after_o a_o long_a and_o fierce_a siege_n in_o alva_n time_n and_o from_o before_o leyden_n in_o the_o time_n of_o requisenes_n where_o the_o boor_n themselves_o open_v the_o sluyce_n and_o drown_v the_o country_n resolve_v to_o mischief_n the_o spaniard_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n give_v the_o great_a turn_n to_o affair_n in_o holland_n the_o king_n grow_v sensible_a of_o danger_n and_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o total_a defection_n of_o the_o province_n alva_n weary_a of_o his_o government_n find_v his_o violent_a counsel_n and_o proceed_n have_v raise_v a_o spirit_n which_o be_v quiet_a before_o he_o come_v and_o be_v never_o to_o be_v lay_v any_o more_o the_o duke_n be_v recall_v and_o the_o war_n go_v under_o requisenes_n who_o die_v sudden_o and_o without_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o king_n for_o a_o successor_n the_o government_n by_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n devolve_v by_o way_n of_o interim_n upon_o the_o great_a council_n which_o last_v some_o time_n by_o the_o delay_n of_o don_n john_n of_o austria_n come_n who_o be_v declare_v the_o new_a governor_n but_o in_o this_o interim_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o disease_n appear_v for_o upon_o the_o mutiny_n of_o some_o spanish_a troop_n for_o want_n of_o their_o pay_n and_o their_o seize_v alost_n a_o town_n near_o brussels_n the_o people_n grow_v into_o a_o rage_n the_o tradesman_n give_v over_o their_o shop_n and_o the_o countryman_n their_o labour_n and_o all_o run_v to_o arm_n in_o brussels_n they_o force_v the_o senate_n pull_v out_o those_o man_n they_o know_v to_o be_v most_o addict_v to_o the_o spaniard_n kill_v such_o of_o that_o nation_n as_o they_o meet_v in_o the_o street_n and_o all_o in_o general_a cry_n out_o for_o the_o expulsion_n of_o foreigner_n out_o of_o the_o low-countries_n and_o the_o assemble_v of_o the_o state_n to_o which_o the_o council_n be_v force_v to_o consent_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o chief_a person_n of_o the_o province_n enter_v into_o a_o agreement_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o common_a affair_n of_o the_o province_n by_o the_o same_o counsel_n so_o as_o when_o the_o estate_n assemble_v at_o ghent_n without_o any_o contest_v they_o agree_v upon_o that_o act_n which_o be_v call_v the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o whereof_o the_o chief_a article_n be_v the_o expulsion_n of_o all_o foreign_a soldier_n out_o of_o the_o province_n restore_a all_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n and_o refer_v matter_n of_o religion_n in_o each_o province_n to_o the_o provincial_a estate_n and_o that_o for_o performance_n hereof_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n shall_v for_o ever_o be_v confederate_a with_o holland_n and_o zealand_n and_o this_o make_v the_o first_o period_n of_o the_o low-country_n trouble_v prove_v to_o king_n philip_n a_o dear_a experience_n how_o little_a the_o best_a conduct_n
the_o spanish_a monarchy_n to_o oppress_v they_o that_o in_o their_o first_o coin_n they_o cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v stamp_v labour_v among_o the_o wave_n without_o sail_n or_o oar_n and_o these_o word_n incertum_fw-la quo_fw-la fata_fw-la ferant_fw-la i_o think_v so_o particular_a a_o deduction_n necessary_a to_o discover_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o this_o revolution_n in_o the_o low-countries_n which_o have_v since_o have_v so_o great_a a_o part_n for_o near_o a_o hundred_o year_n in_o all_o the_o action_n and_o negotiation_n of_o christendom_n and_o to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a incentives_n of_o that_o obstinate_a love_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o invincible_a hatred_n for_o the_o spanish_a nation_n and_o government_n which_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o this_o last_o i_o take_v to_o have_v be_v the_o strong_a passion_n and_o of_o the_o great_a effect_n both_o in_o the_o bold_a counsel_n of_o contract_v their_o union_n and_o the_o desperate_a resolution_n of_o defend_v it_o for_o not_o long_o after_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o this_o new_a state_n be_v press_v by_o the_o extremity_n of_o their_o affair_n pass_v by_o the_o form_n of_o government_n in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n make_v a_o earnest_n and_o solemn_a offer_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o province_n both_o to_o england_n and_o france_n but_o be_v refuse_v by_o both_o crown_n and_o though_o they_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o a_o free_a people_n yet_o they_o soon_o lose_v the_o ease_n of_o the_o liberty_n they_o contend_v for_o by_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o their_o magistrate_n in_o the_o several_a city_n and_o province_n and_o by_o the_o extreme_a pressure_n of_o their_o tax_n which_o so_o long_o a_o war_n with_o so_o mighty_a a_o enemy_n make_v necessary_a for_o the_o support_n of_o their_o state_n but_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o spanish_a government_n under_o alva_n be_v so_o universal_a that_o it_o make_v the_o revolt_n general_a through_o the_o province_n run_v through_o all_o religion_n and_o all_o order_n of_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n till_o by_o the_o division_n of_o the_o party_n by_o the_o power_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o monarchy_n as_o spain_n at_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o matchless_a conduct_n and_o valour_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n this_o humour_n like_o poison_n in_o a_o strong_a constitution_n and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o violent_a physic_n be_v expel_v from_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v flanders_n and_o brabant_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ten_o province_n into_o the_o outward_a member_n and_o by_o their_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o body_n be_v save_v after_o which_o the_o most_o inflame_a spirit_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o spain_n or_o draw_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o liberty_n and_o safety_n into_o the_o unite_a province_n out_o of_o the_o rest_n the_o hatred_n of_o spain_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o willing_a to_o submit_v to_o any_o new_a dominion_n rather_o than_o return_v to_o the_o old_a but_o when_o they_o can_v find_v no_o master_n to_o protect_v they_o and_o their_o affair_n grow_v desperate_a they_o be_v once_o certain_o upon_o the_o counsel_n of_o burn_v their_o great_a town_n waste_v and_o drown_v what_o they_o can_v of_o their_o country_n and_o go_v to_o seek_v some_o new_a seat_n in_o the_o indies_n which_o they_o may_v have_v execute_v if_o they_o have_v find_v ship_n enough_o to_o carry_v off_o all_o their_o number_n and_o have_v not_o be_v detain_v by_o the_o compassion_n of_o those_o which_o must_v have_v be_v leave_v behind_o at_o the_o mercy_n of_o a_o incense_a and_o conquer_a master_n the_o spanish_a and_o italian_a writer_n content_v themselves_o to_o attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o revolution_n to_o the_o change_n of_o religion_n to_o the_o native_a stubbornness_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n but_o religion_n without_o mixture_n of_o ambition_n and_o interest_n work_v no_o such_o violent_a effect_n and_o produce_v rather_o the_o example_n of_o constant_a suffering_n than_o of_o desperate_a action_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n can_v change_v of_o a_o sudden_a no_o more_o than_o the_o climate_n which_o infuse_v it_o and_o no_o country_n have_v bring_v forth_o better_a subject_n than_o many_o of_o these_o province_n both_o before_o and_o since_o these_o commotion_n among_o they_o and_o the_o ambition_n of_o one_o man_n can_v neither_o have_v design_v nor_o achieve_v so_o great_a a_o adventure_n have_v it_o not_o be_v second_v with_o universal_a discontent_n nor_o can_v that_o have_v be_v raise_v to_o so_o great_a a_o height_n and_o heat_n without_o so_o many_o circumstance_n as_o fell_v in_o from_o a_o unhappy_a course_n of_o the_o spanish_a counsel_n to_o kindle_v and_o foment_n it_o for_o though_o it_o have_v be_v hard_o to_o head_n such_o a_o body_n and_o give_v it_o so_o strong_a a_o principle_n of_o life_n and_o so_o regular_a motion_n without_o the_o accident_n of_o so_o great_a a_o governor_n in_o the_o province_n as_o prince_n william_n of_o orange_n a_o man_n of_o equal_a ability_n in_o council_n and_o in_o arm_n cautious_a and_o resolute_a affable_a and_o severe_a supple_a to_o occasion_n and_o yet_o constant_a to_o his_o end_n of_o mighty_a revenue_n and_o dependence_n in_o the_o province_n of_o great_a credit_n and_o alliance_n in_o germany_n esteem_v and_o honour_v abroad_o but_o at_o home_o infinite_o love_v and_o trust_v by_o the_o people_n who_o think_v he_o affectionate_a to_o their_o country_n sincere_a in_o his_o profession_n and_o design_n able_a and_o willing_a to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n and_o unlikely_a to_o invade_v they_o by_o any_o ambition_n of_o his_o own_o yet_o all_o these_o quality_n may_v very_o well_o have_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o duty_n and_o service_n of_o a_o subject_a as_o they_o be_v in_o charles_n the_o five_o time_n without_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n opinion_n of_o his_o ill-will_n to_o their_o nation_n and_o their_o law_n without_o the_o continuance_n of_o foreign_a troop_n after_o the_o war_n be_v end_v the_o erect_n of_o the_o new_a bishop_n see_v and_o introduce_v the_o inquisition_n the_o sole_a ministry_n of_o granvell_n and_o exclusion_n of_o the_o lord_n from_o their_o usual_a part_n in_o counsel_n and_o affair_n the_o government_n of_o a_o man_n so_o hate_v as_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n the_o rigour_n of_o his_o prosecution_n and_o the_o insolence_n of_o his_o statue_n and_o last_o without_o the_o death_n of_o egmont_n and_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o ten_o and_o twenty_o part_n against_o the_o legal_a form_n of_o government_n in_o a_o country_n where_o a_o long_o derive_v succession_n have_v make_v the_o people_n fond_a and_o tenacious_a of_o their_o ancient_a custom_n and_o law_n these_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o their_o hatred_n to_o spain_n which_o increase_n by_o the_o course_n of_o about_o threescore_o year_n war_n be_v not_o allay_v by_o a_o long_a succeed_a peace_n but_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ingredient_n into_o the_o fall_n as_o it_o be_v into_o the_o rise_n of_o this_o state_n which_o have_v be_v thus_o plant_v come_v to_o be_v conserve_v and_o cultivate_v by_o many_o accident_n and_o influence_n from_o abroad_o but_o those_o have_v have_v no_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o state_n nor_o the_o frame_n of_o their_o government_n i_o will_v content_v myself_o to_o mention_v only_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o which_o most_o contribute_v to_o preserve_v the_o infancy_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o make_v way_n for_o its_o growth_n the_o cause_n of_o its_o succeed_a greatness_n and_o riches_n be_v not_o to_o be_v seek_v for_o in_o the_o event_n of_o their_o war_n but_o in_o the_o institution_n and_o order_n of_o their_o government_n their_o custom_n and_o trade_n which_o will_v make_v the_o argument_n of_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n when_o don_n john_n throw_v off_o the_o condition_n he_o have_v at_o first_o accept_v of_o the_o pacification_n of_o ghent_n and_o by_o the_o surprise_n of_o namur_n break_v out_o into_o arm_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o province_n offer_v the_o government_n of_o their_o country_n to_o mathias_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o a_o temper_n between_o their_o return_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o popular_a government_n which_o be_v mould_v in_o the_o northern_a province_n but_o mathias_n arrive_v without_o the_o advice_n or_o support_v of_o the_o emperor_n or_o credit_n in_o the_o province_n and_o have_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n give_v he_o for_o his_o lieutenant-general_n be_v only_o a_o cypher_n and_o his_o government_n a_o piece_n of_o pageantry_n which_o pass_v without_o effect_n and_o be_v soon_o end_v so_o that_o upon_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n
and_o suspicion_n soon_o break_v out_o between_o leicester_n and_o the_o state_n partly_o from_o the_o jealousy_n of_o his_o affect_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n and_o arbitrary_a disposal_n of_o all_o office_n but_o chief_o of_o the_o queen_n intention_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o spain_n and_o the_o easy_a loss_n of_o some_o of_o their_o town_n by_o governor_n place_v in_o they_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n increase_v their_o discontent_n notwithstanding_o this_o ill_a intercourse_n the_o queen_n re-assures_a they_o in_o both_o those_o point_n disapprove_v some_o of_o leicester_n proceed_n receive_v franc_fw-la and_o hearty_a assistance_n from_o they_o in_o her_o naval_a preparation_n against_o the_o spaniard_n and_o at_o length_n upon_o the_o disorder_v increase_a between_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o the_o state_n command_v he_o to_o resign_v his_o government_n and_o release_v the_o state_n of_o the_o oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o obey_v he_o and_o after_o all_o this_o have_v past_a the_o queen_n easy_o sacrifice_v all_o particular_a resentment_n to_o the_o interest_n of_o her_o crown_n continue_v her_o favour_n protection_n and_o assistance_n to_o the_o state_n during_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o her_o reign_n which_o be_v return_v with_o the_o great_a deference_n and_o veneration_n to_o her_o person_n that_o be_v ever_o pay_v by_o they_o to_o any_o foreign_a prince_n and_o continue_v still_o to_o her_o name_n in_o the_o remembrance_n and_o frequent_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o they_o after_o leicester_n departure_n prince_n maurice_n be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o union_n choose_v their_o governor_n but_o with_o a_o reservation_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o enter_v that_o command_n with_o the_o hope_n which_o he_o make_v good_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o for_o many_o year_n prove_v the_o great_a captain_n of_o his_o age_n famous_a particular_o in_o the_o discipline_n and_o ordnance_n of_o his_o army_n and_o the_o way_n of_o fortification_n by_o he_o first_o invent_v or_o perfect_v and_o since_o his_o time_n imitate_v by_o all_o but_o the_o great_a breath_n that_o be_v give_v the_o state_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o affair_n be_v by_o the_o sharp_a war_n make_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n upon_o the_o spaniard_n at_o sea_n in_o the_o indies_n and_o the_o expedition_n of_o lisbon_n and_o cadiz_n and_o by_o the_o declining-affair_n of_o the_o league_n in_o france_n for_o who_o support_n philip_n the_o second_o be_v so_o passionate_o engage_v that_o twice_o he_o command_v the_o duke_n of_o parma_n to_o interrupt_v the_o course_n of_o his_o victory_n in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o march_v into_o france_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o rouen_n and_o paris_n which_o much_o augment_v the_o renown_n of_o this_o great_a captain_n but_o as_o much_o impair_v the_o state_n of_o the_o spanish_a affair_n in_o flanders_n for_o in_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n absence_n prince_n maurice_n take_v in_o all_o the_o place_n hold_v by_o the_o spaniard_n on_o other_o side_n the_o rhine_n which_o give_v they_o entrance_n into_o the_o unite_a province_n the_o succession_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n give_v a_o mighty_a blow_n to_o the_o design_n of_o king_n philip_n and_o much_o great_a the_o general_a obedience_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o he_o upon_o his_o change_n of_o religion_n with_o this_o king_n the_o state_n begin_v to_o enter_v a_o confidence_n and_o kindness_n and_o the_o more_o by_o that_o which_o intercede_v between_o he_o and_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o their_o dependence_n during_o her_o life_n but_o after_o her_o death_n king_n henry_n grow_v to_o have_v great_a credit_n than_o ever_o in_o the_o unite_a province_n though_o upon_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o spanish_a power_n under_o the_o ascendent_n of_o this_o king_n the_o state_n fall_v into_o very_o early_a jealousy_n of_o his_o grow_v too_o great_a and_o too_o near_o they_o in_o flanders_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n die_v all_o the_o discipline_n and_o with_o that_o all_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o spanish_a arm_n in_o flanders_n the_o frequent_a mutiny_n of_o their_o soldier_n dangerous_a in_o effect_n and_o in_o example_n be_v more_o talk_v of_o than_o any_o other_o of_o their_o action_n in_o the_o short_a government_n of_o manstsield_n ernest_n and_o fuentes_n till_o the_o old_a discipline_n of_o their_o army_n begin_v to_o revive_v and_o their_o fortune_n a_o little_a to_o respire_v under_o the_o new_a government_n of_o cardinal_n albert_n who_o come_v into_o flanders_n both_o governor_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o low-countries_n in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o mighty_a army_n draw_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o italy_n to_o try_v the_o last_o effort_n of_o the_o spanish_a power_n either_o in_o a_o prosperous_a war_n or_o at_o least_o in_o make_v way_n for_o a_o necessary_a peace_n but_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o archduke_n and_o this_o new_a authority_n have_v a_o deep_a root_n and_o design_n than_o at_o first_o appear_v for_o that_o mighty_a king_n philip_z the_o second_o bear_v to_o so_o vast_a possession_n and_o to_o so_o much_o vast_a desire_n after_o a_o long_a dream_n of_o raise_v his_o head_n into_o the_o cloud_n find_v it_o now_o ready_a to_o lie_v down_o in_o the_o dust_n his_o body_n break_v with_o age_n and_o infirmity_n his_o mind_n with_o care_n and_o distemper_a thought_n and_o the_o royal_a servitude_n of_o a_o solicitous_a life_n he_o begin_v to_o see_v in_o the_o glass_n of_o time_n and_o experience_n the_o true_a shape_n of_o all_o human_a greatness_n and_o design_n and_o find_v to_o what_o airy_a figure_n he_o have_v hitherto_o sacrifice_v his_o health_n and_o ease_n and_o the_o good_a of_o his_o life_n he_o now_o turn_v his_o thought_n whole_o to_o rest_n and_o quiet_a which_o he_o have_v never_o yet_o allow_v either_o the_o world_n or_o himself_o his_o design_n upon_o england_n and_o his_o invincible_a armada_n have_v end_v in_o smoke_n those_o upon_o france_n in_o event_n the_o most_o contrary_a to_o what_o he_o have_v propose_v and_o instead_o of_o master_v the_o liberty_n and_o break_v the_o stomach_n of_o his_o low-country_n subject_n he_o have_v lose_v seven_o of_o his_o province_n and_o hold_v the_o rest_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o a_o war_n that_o cost_v he_o more_o than_o they_o be_v worth_a he_o have_v make_v late_o a_o peace_n with_o england_n and_o desire_v it_o with_o france_n and_o though_o he_o scorn_v it_o with_o his_o revolt_a subject_n in_o his_o own_o name_n yet_o he_o wish_v it_o in_o another_o and_o be_v unwilling_a to_o entail_v a_o quarrel_n upon_o his_o son_n which_o have_v cross_v his_o fortune_n and_o busy_v his_o thought_n all_o the_o course_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o therefore_o resolve_v to_o commit_v these_o two_o design_n to_o the_o management_n of_o archduke_n albert_n with_o the_o stile_n of_o governor_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o he_o can_v reduce_v the_o province_n to_o their_o old_a subjection_n he_o shall_v govern_v they_o as_o spanish_a dominion_n if_o that_o be_v once_o more_o in_o vain_a attempt_v he_o shall_v by_o a_o marriage_n with_o clara_n isabel_n eugenia_n king_n philip_n belove_a daughter_n receive_v those_o province_n as_o a_o dowry_n and_o become_v the_o prince_n of_o they_o with_o a_o condition_n only_o of_o their_o return_v to_o spain_n in_o case_n of_o isabella_n die_v without_o issue_n king_n philip_n believe_v that_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o natural_a prince_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o the_o birth_n and_o custom_n of_o archduke_n albert_n be_v a_o german_a the_o generous_a and_o oblige_a disposition_n of_o isabel_n may_v gain_v further_o upon_o this_o stubborn_a people_n than_o all_o the_o force_n and_o rigour_n of_o his_o former_a counsel_n and_o at_o the_o worst_a that_o they_o may_v make_v a_o peace_n if_o they_o can_v not_o a_o war_n and_o without_o interess_v the_o honour_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o spanish_a crown_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o determination_n like_o a_o wise_a king_n while_o he_o intend_v nothing_o but_o peace_n he_o make_v preparation_n as_o if_o he_o design_v nothing_o but_o war_n know_v that_o his_o own_o desire_n of_o peace_n will_v signify_v nothing_o unless_o he_o can_v force_v his_o enemy_n to_o desire_v it_o too_o he_o therefore_o send_v the_o archduke_n into_o flanders_n at_o the_o head_n of_o such_o a_o army_n that_o believe_v the_o peace_n with_o france_n must_v be_v the_o first_o in_o order_n and_o make_v way_n for_o either_o the_o war_n or_o peace_n afterward_o in_o the_o low-countries_n he_o march_v into_o france_n and_o take_v amiens_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o picardy_n and_o thereby_o give_v such_o a_o alarm_n to_o the_o french_a court_n as_o they_o little_o expect_v and_o have_v never_o receive_v in_o the_o
begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1665_o be_v not_o only_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o relation_n but_o even_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o present_a age_n i_o shall_v either_o leave_v as_o more_o obvious_a and_o less_o necessary_a to_o the_o account_n i_o intend_v of_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n or_o else_o reserve_v they_o till_o the_o same_o vein_n of_o leisure_n or_o humour_n invite_v i_o to_o continue_v this_o deduction_n to_o the_o present_a time_n the_o affair_n of_o this_o state_n have_v be_v complicate_v with_o all_o the_o variety_n and_o memorable_a revolution_n both_o of_o action_n and_o counsel_n that_o have_v since_o happen_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o christendom_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o will_v close_v this_o relation_n with_o a_o event_n which_o arrive_v soon_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o truce_n and_o have_v like_a to_o have_v break_v it_o within_o the_o very_a year_n if_o not_o prevent_v by_o the_o office_n of_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n but_o more_o by_o a_o change_n of_o humour_n in_o the_o unite_a state_n conspire_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o new-restored_n peace_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1609_o die_v the_o duke_n of_o cleves_n and_o juliers_n without_o heir-male_n leave_v those_o dutchy_n to_o the_o pretension_n of_o his_o daughter_n in_o who_o right_a the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o nieuburgh_n possess_v themselves_o of_o such_o part_n of_o those_o territory_n as_o they_o first_o can_v invade_v each_o of_o they_o pretend_v right_a to_o the_o whole_a inheritance_n brandenburg_n seek_v protection_n and_o favour_n to_o his_o title_n from_o the_o unite_a province_n nieuburgh_n from_o archduke_n albert_n and_o from_o spain_n the_o archduke_n new_o respire_v from_o so_o long_a a_o war_n have_v no_o desire_n to_o interess_n himself_o in_o this_o quarrel_n further_o than_o the_o care_n that_o the_o dutch_a shall_v not_o take_v advantage_n of_o it_o and_o under_o pretext_n of_o assist_v one_o of_o the_o party_n seize_v upon_o some_o of_o those_o dominion_n lie_v contiguous_a to_o their_o own_o the_o dutch_a be_v not_o so_o equal_a nor_o content_a to_o lose_v so_o fair_a a_o occasion_n and_o surprise_v the_o town_n of_o juliers_n though_o pretend_v only_o to_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o party_n agree_v and_o believe_v that_o spain_n after_o have_v part_v with_o so_o much_o in_o the_o late_a truce_n to_o end_v a_o quarrel_n of_o their_o own_o will_v not_o venture_v the_o breach_n of_o it_o upon_o a_o quarrel_n of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o the_o archduke_n have_v first_o take_v his_o measure_n with_o spain_n and_o foresee_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o affair_n resolve_v to_o venture_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o flanders_n in_o a_o new_a war_n rather_o than_o suffer_v such_o a_o increase_n of_o power_n and_o dominion_n to_o the_o state_n and_o thereupon_o first_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o nieuburgh_n require_v from_o they_o the_o restitution_n of_o juliers_n and_o upon_o their_o artificious_a and_o dilatory_a answer_n immediate_o draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o with_o a_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o spinola_n march_v towards_o juliers_n which_o the_o state_n be_v in_o no_o care_n of_o as_o well_o provide_v for_o a_o bold_a defence_n but_o make_v a_o sudden_a turn_n and_o sit_v down_o before_o wesel_n with_o such_o a_o terror_n and_o surprise_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o he_o carry_v the_o town_n before_o the_o dutch_a can_v come_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n wesel_n be_v a_o strong_a town_n upon_o the_o rhine_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n pretend_v to_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o cleve_n but_o the_o citizen_n hold_v it_o at_o this_o time_n as_o a_o imperial_a town_n and_o under_o protection_n of_o the_o dutch_a who_o amaze_v at_o this_o sudden_a and_o bold_a attempt_n of_o spinola_n which_o make_v he_o master_n of_o a_o pass_n that_o lie_v fair_a for_o any_o further_a invasion_n upon_o their_o province_n especial_o those_o on_o other_o side_n the_o rhine_n engage_v the_o office_n of_o both_o the_o english_a and_o french_a crown_n to_o mediate_v a_o agreement_n which_o at_o length_n they_o conclude_v so_o as_o neither_o party_n shall_v upon_o any_o pretence_n draw_v their_o force_n into_o any_o part_n of_o these_o dutchy_n thus_o the_o archduke_n have_v by_o the_o fondness_n of_o peace_n new_o make_v a_o truce_n upon_o condition_n impose_v by_o the_o dutch_a now_o by_o the_o resolution_n of_o make_v war_n obtain_v a_o peace_n upon_o the_o very_a term_n propose_v by_o himself_o and_o by_o spain_n a_o event_n of_o great_a instruction_n and_o example_n how_o dangerous_a it_o ever_o prove_v for_o weak_a prince_n to_o call_v in_o great_a to_o their_o aid_n which_o make_v they_o a_o prey_n to_o their_o friend_n instead_o of_o their_o enemy_n how_o the_o only_a time_n of_o make_v a_o advantageous_a peace_n be_v when_o your_o enemy_n desire_v it_o and_o when_o you_o be_v in_o the_o best_a condition_n of_o pursue_v a_o war_n and_o how_o vain_a a_o counsel_n it_o be_v to_o avoid_v a_o war_n by_o yield_v any_o point_n of_o interest_n or_o honour_n which_o do_v but_o invite_v new_a injury_n encourage_v enemy_n and_o dishearten_v friend_n chap._n ii_o of_o their_o government_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o what_o have_v be_v discourse_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o this_o state_n which_o be_v to_o be_v date_v from_o the_o union_n of_o utrecht_n that_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v style_v a_o commonwealth_n but_o be_v rather_o a_o confederacy_n of_o seven_o sovereign_a province_n unite_v together_o for_o their_o common_a and_o mutual_a defence_n without_o any_o dependence_n one_o upon_o the_o other_o but_o to_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o government_n from_o the_o first_o spring_n and_o motion_n it_o must_v be_v take_v yet_o into_o small_a piece_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o each_o of_o these_o province_n be_v likewise_o compose_v of_o many_o little_a state_n or_o city_n which_o have_v several_a mark_n of_o sovereign_a power_n within_o themselves_o and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o their_o province_n not_o be_v conclude_v in_o many_o thing_n by_o the_o majority_n but_o only_o by_o the_o universal_a concurrence_n of_o voice_n in_o the_o provincial-state_n for_o as_o the_o states-general_n can_v make_v war_n or_o peace_n or_o any_o new_a alliance_n or_o levy_n of_o money_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o every_o province_n so_o can_v the_o states-provincial_a conclude_v any_o of_o those_o point_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o each_o of_o the_o city_n that_o by_o their_o constitution_n have_v a_o voice_n in_o that_o assembly_n and_o though_o in_o many_o civil_a cause_n there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o the_o common_a judicature_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o provincial_a court_n of_o justice_n yet_o in_o criminal_n there_o lie_v none_o at_o all_o nor_o can_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o province_n exercise_v any_o judicature_n seize_v upon_o any_o offender_n or_o pardon_v any_o offence_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o a_o city_n or_o execute_v any_o common_a resolution_n or_o law_n but_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o city_n itself_o by_o this_o a_o certain_a sovereignty_n in_o each_o city_n be_v discern_v the_o chief_a mark_n whereof_o be_v the_o power_n of_o exercise_v judicature_n levy_v of_o money_n and_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n for_o the_o other_o of_o coin_v money_n be_v neither_o in_o particular_a city_n or_o province_n but_o in_o the_o generalty_n of_o the_o union_n by_o common_a agreement_n the_o main_a ingredient_n therefore_o into_o the_o composition_n of_o this_o state_n be_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o province_n the_o agreement_n or_o constitution_n of_o the_o union_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n which_o make_v the_o order_n i_o shall_v follow_v in_o the_o account_n intend_v of_o this_o government_n but_o whereas_o the_o several_a province_n in_o the_o union_n and_o the_o several_a city_n in_o each_o province_n as_o they_o have_v in_o their_o order_n and_o constitution_n some_o particular_a difference_n as_o well_o as_o a_o general_a resemblance_n and_o the_o account_n of_o each_o distinct_o will_v swell_v this_o discourse_n out_o of_o measure_n and_o to_o little_a purpose_n i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o account_n of_o holland_n as_o the_o rich_a strong_a and_o of_o most_o authority_n among_o the_o province_n and_o of_o amsterdam_n as_o that_o which_o have_v the_o same_o preeminency_n among_o the_o city_n the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n amsterdam_n consist_v in_o the_o decree_n or_o result_v of_o their_o senate_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o six_o and_o thirty_o man_n by_o who_o the_o justice_n be_v
effect_n that_o be_v in_o it_o but_o in_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o whole_a town_n or_o state_n of_o amsterdam_n who_o stock_n and_o revenue_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o some_o kingdom_n and_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v good_a all_o money_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o bank_n the_o ticket_n or_o bill_n hereof_o make_v all_o the_o usual_a great_a payment_n that_o be_v make_v between_o man_n and_o man_n in_o the_o town_n and_o not_o only_o in_o most_o other_o place_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n but_o in_o many_o other_o trading-part_n of_o the_o world_n so_o as_o this_o bank_n be_v proper_o a_o general_a cash_n where_o every_o man_n lodge_v his_o money_n because_o he_o esteem_v it_o safe_o and_o easy_a pay_v in_o and_o out_o than_o if_o it_o be_v in_o his_o coffer_n at_o home_n and_o the_o bank_n be_v so_o far_o from_o pay_v any_o interest_n for_o what_o be_v there_o bring_v in_o that_o money_n in_o the_o bank_n be_v worth_a something_o more_o in_o common_a payment_n than_o what_o run_v current_a in_o coin_n from_o hand_n to_o hand_n no_o other_o money_n pass_v in_o the_o bank_n but_o in_o the_o species_n of_o coin_n the_o best_a know_v the_o most_o ascertain_v and_o the_o most_o general_o current_a in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o high_a as_o well_v as_o the_o low_a germany_n the_o revenue_n of_o amsterdam_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o constant_a excise_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o precinct_n or_o out_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o those_o house_n or_o land_n that_o belong_v in_o common_a to_o the_o city_n or_o out_o of_o certain_a duty_n and_o imposition_n upon_o every_o house_n towards_o the_o use_n of_o charity_n and_o the_o repair_v or_o adornment_n or_o fortification_n of_o the_o place_n or_o else_o out_o of_o extraordinary_a levy_n consent_v to_o by_o the_o senate_n for_o furnish_v their_o part_n of_o the_o public_a charge_n that_o be_v agree_v to_o by_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o provincial-state_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o province_n or_o by_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o states-general_n for_o support_v of_o the_o union_n and_o all_o these_o payment_n be_v make_v into_o one_o common_a stock_n of_o the_o town_n not_o as_o many_o of_o we_o be_v into_o that_o of_o the_o parish_n so_o as_o attempt_n may_v be_v easy_o make_v at_o the_o calculation_n of_o their_o whole_a revenue_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o affirm_v that_o what_o be_v pay_v of_o all_o kind_n to_o public_a uses_n of_o the_o states-general_n the_o province_n and_o the_o city_n in_o amsterdam_n amount_v to_o above_o sixteen_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n but_o i_o enter_v into_o no_o computation_n nor_o give_v these_o for_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o what_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o man_n who_o pretend_v to_o make_v such_o inquiry_n which_o i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o no_o town_n strength_n beauty_n and_o convenience_n be_v better_o provide_v for_o nor_o with_o more_o unlimited_a expense_n than_o in_o this_o by_o the_o magnificence_n of_o their_o public_a building_n as_o stadthouse_n and_o arsenal_n the_o number_n and_o spaciousness_n as_o well_o as_o order_n and_o revenue_n of_o their_o many_o hospital_n the_o commodiousness_n of_o their_o canal_n run_v through_o the_o chief_a street_n of_o passage_n the_o mighty_a strength_n of_o their_o bastion_n and_o rampart_n and_o the_o neatness_n as_o well_o as_o convenience_n of_o their_o street_n so_o far_o as_o can_v be_v compass_v in_o so_o great_a a_o confluence_n of_o industrious_a people_n all_o which_o can_v never_o be_v achieve_v without_o a_o charge_n much_o exceed_v what_o seem_v proportion_v to_o the_o revenue_n of_o one_o single_a town_n holland_n the_o senate_n choose_v the_o deputy_n which_o be_v send_v from_o this_o city_n to_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n the_o sovereignty_n whereof_o be_v represent_v by_o deputy_n of_o the_o noble_n and_o town_n compose_v nineteen_o voice_n of_o which_o the_o noble_n have_v only_o the_o first_o and_o the_o city_n eighteen_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o those_o which_o be_v call_v stem_n the_o other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o the_o province_n have_v no_o voice_n in_o the_o state_n these_o city_n be_v original_o but_o six_o dort_n haerlem_n delf_n leyden_n amsterdam_n and_o tergoâ—_n but_o be_v increase_v by_o prince_n william_n of_o nassaw_n to_o the_o number_n of_o eighteen_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o rotterdam_n gorcum_n schedam_fw-la schonoven_n briel_n alcmaer_n horn_n enchusen_n edam_fw-la moninckdam_n medenblick_a and_o permeren_n this_o make_v as_o great_a a_o inequality_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n by_o such_o a_o small_a city_n as_o permeren_n have_v a_o equal_a voice_n in_o the_o the_o provincial-state_n with_o amsterdam_n which_o pay_v perhaps_o half_a of_o all_o charge_n of_o the_o province_n as_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o states-general_n by_o so_o small_a a_o province_n as_o overyssel_n have_v a_o equal_a voice_n in_o the_o states-general_n with_o that_o of_o holland_n which_o contribute_v more_o than_o half_a to_o the_o general_a charge_n of_o the_o union_n but_o this_o be_v by_o some_o writer_n of_o that_o age_n interpret_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o prince_n authority_n to_o lessen_v that_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o balance_n that_o of_o the_o great_a city_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o small_a who_o dependence_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v gain_v and_o secure_v the_o noble_n though_o they_o be_v few_o in_o this_o province_n yet_o be_v not_o represent_v by_o all_o their_o number_n but_o by_o eight_o or_o nine_o who_o as_o deputy_n from_o their_o body_n have_v session_n in_o the_o states-provincial_a and_o who_o when_o one_o among_o they_o die_v choose_v another_o to_o succeed_v he_o though_o they_o have_v all_o together_o but_o one_o voice_n equal_a to_o the_o small_a town_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n by_o possess_v many_o of_o the_o best_a charge_n both_o civil_a and_o military_a by_o have_v the_o direction_n of_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n that_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o state_n upon_o the_o change_n of_o religion_n and_o by_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o all_o the_o council_n both_o of_o the_o generalty_n and_o the_o province_n and_o by_o the_o nomination_n of_o one_o councillor_n in_o the_o two_o great_a court_n of_o justice_n they_o give_v their_o voice_n first_o in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n and_o thereby_o a_o great_a weight_n to_o the_o business_n in_o consultation_n the_o pensioner_n of_o holland_n be_v seat_v with_o they_o deliver_v their_o voice_n for_o they_o and_o assist_v at_o all_o their_o deliberation_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o assembly_n he_o be_v proper_o but_o minister_n or_o servant_n of_o the_o province_n and_o so_o his_o place_n or_o rank_n be_v behind_o all_o their_o deputy_n but_o have_v always_o great_a credit_n because_o he_o be_v perpetual_a or_o seldom_o discharge_v though_o of_o right_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v choose_v or_o renew_v every_o three_o year_n he_o have_v place_n in_o all_o the_o several_a assembly_n of_o the_o province_n and_o in_o the_o state_n propose_v all_o affair_n gather_v the_o opinion_n and_o form_n or_o digest_v the_o resolution_n pretend_v likewise_o a_o power_n not_o to_o conclude_v any_o very_a important_a affair_n by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n when_o he_o judge_n in_o his_o conscience_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v it_o and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o ill_a consequence_n or_o prejudice_n to_o the_o province_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o city_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o senate_n of_o each_o town_n their_o number_n be_v uncertain_a and_o arbitrary_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o pleasure_n of_o the_o city_n that_o send_v they_o because_o they_o have_v all_o together_o but_o one_o voice_n and_o be_v all_o maintain_v at_o their_o city_n charge_n but_o common_o one_o of_o the_o burgomaster_n and_o the_o pensioner_n be_v of_o the_o number_n the_o state_n of_o holland_n have_v their_o session_n in_o the_o court_n at_o the_o hague_n and_o assemble_v ordinary_o four_o time_n a_o year_n in_o february_n june_n september_n and_o november_n in_o the_o former_a session_n they_o provide_v for_o the_o fill_n up_o of_o all_o vacant_a charge_n and_o for_o renew_v the_o farm_n of_o all_o the_o several_a tax_n and_o for_o consult_v about_o any_o matter_n that_o concern_v either_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o province_n or_o any_o particular_a difference_n arise_v between_o the_o to_n but_o in_o november_n they_o meet_v purposely_o to_o resolve_v upon_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o charge_n which_o fall_v to_o the_o share_n of_o their_o province_n the_o follow_a year_n according_a to_o what_o may_v have_v be_v agree_v upon_o by_o the_o
demand_v to_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o right_n and_o power_n of_o they_o that_o give_v it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o first_o count_n only_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n and_o necessity_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n and_o austria_n grow_v to_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o course_n and_o annual_a as_o it_o be_v still_o in_o the_o spanish_a province_n the_o council_n of_o state_n dispose_v of_o all_o sum_n of_o money_n destine_v for_o all_o extraordinary_a affair_n and_o expedite_v the_o order_n for_o the_o whole_a expense_n of_o the_o state_n upon_o the_o resolution_n first_o take_v in_o the_o main_a by_o the_o states-general_n the_o order_n must_v be_v sign_v by_o three_o deputy_n of_o several_a province_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o treasurer-general_n and_o then_o register_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n before_o the_o receiver-general_n pay_v they_o which_o be_v then_o do_v without_o any_o difficulty_n charge_n or_o delay_n every_o province_n raise_v what_o money_n it_o please_v and_o by_o what_o way_n or_o mean_n send_v its_o quota_fw-la or_o share_v of_o the_o general_a charge_n to_o the_o receiver-general_n and_o convert_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o present_a use_n or_o reserve_v it_o for_o the_o future_a occasion_n of_o the_o province_n the_o chamber_n of_o account_n be_v erect_v about_o sixty_o year_n ago_o for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n to_o examine_v and_o state_n all_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a receiver_n to_o control_v and_o register_v the_o order_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n which_o dispose_v of_o the_o finance_n and_o this_o chamber_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o deputy_n from_o each_o province_n who_o be_v change_v every_o three_o year_n beside_o these_o college_n be_v the_o council_n of_o the_o admiralty_n who_o when_o the_o states-general_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n have_v destine_v a_o fleet_n of_o such_o a_o number_n and_o force_v to_o be_v set_v out_o have_v the_o absolute_a disposition_n of_o the_o marine_a affair_n as_o well_o in_o the_o choice_n and_o equipage_n of_o all_o the_o several_a ship_n as_o in_o issue_v the_o money_n allot_v for_o that_o service_n this_o college_n be_v subdivide_v into_o five_o of_o which_o three_o be_v in_o holland_n viz._n one_o in_o amsterdam_n another_o at_o rotterdam_n and_o the_o three_o at_o horn_n the_o four_o be_v at_o middlebourgh_n in_o zealand_n and_o the_o five_o at_o harlinguen_n in_o friezland_n each_o of_o these_o be_v compose_v of_o seven_o deputy_n four_o of_o that_o province_n where_o the_o college_n reside_v and_o three_o name_v by_o the_o other_o province_n the_o admiral_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o vice-admiral_n have_v session_n in_o all_o these_o college_n and_o preside_v when_o he_o be_v present_a they_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n judge_v all_o pirate_n that_o be_v take_v and_o all_o fraud_n or_o negligence_n in_o the_o payment_n or_o collection_n of_o the_o custom_n which_o be_v particular_o affect_v to_o the_o admiralty_n and_o appliable_a to_o no_o other_o use_n this_o fond_a be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o state_n with_o whatever_o more_o be_v necessary_a from_o other_o fond_n but_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v little_o exhaust_v by_o other_o constant_a charge_n beside_o that_o of_o convoy_n to_o their_o several_a fleet_n of_o merchant_n in_o all_o part_n the_o remainder_n of_o this_o revenue_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o build_n of_o great_a ship_n of_o war_n and_o furnish_v the_o several_a arsenal_n and_o store_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n necessary_a for_o the_o building_n and_o rig_v of_o more_o ship_n than_o can_v be_v need_v by_o the_o course_n of_o a_o long_a war._n so_o soon_o as_o the_o number_n and_o force_v of_o the_o fleet_n design_v for_o any_o expedition_n be_v agree_v by_o the_o states-general_n and_o give_v out_o by_o the_o council_n of_o state_n to_o the_o admiralty_n each_o particular_a college_n furnish_v their_o own_o proportion_n which_o be_v know_v as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o several_a province_n in_o all_o money_n that_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v in_o all_o which_o the_o admiral_n have_v no_o other_o share_n or_o advantage_n beside_o his_o bare_a salary_n and_o his_o proportion_n in_o prize_n that_o be_v take_v the_o captain_n and_o superior_a officer_n of_o each_o squadron_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o several_a college_n the_o number_n of_o man_n appoint_v for_o every_o ship_n after_o which_o each_o captain_n use_v his_o best_a diligence_n and_o credit_n to_o fill_v his_o number_n with_o the_o best_a man_n he_o can_v get_v and_o take_v the_o whole_a care_n and_o charge_n of_o victual_v his_o own_o ship_n for_o the_o time_n intend_v for_o that_o expedition_n and_o signify_v to_o he_o by_o the_o admiralty_n and_o this_o at_o a_o certain_a rate_n of_o so_o much_o a_o man_n and_o by_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a discharge_n of_o his_o trust_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o provide_v surgeon_n medicine_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o health_n of_o the_o man_n each_o captain_n grow_v into_o good_a or_o ill_a credit_n with_o the_o seaman_n and_o by_o their_o report_n with_o the_o admiralty_n upon_o who_o opinion_n and_o esteem_n the_o fortune_n of_o all_o sea-officer_n depend_v so_o as_o in_o all_o their_o expedition_n there_o appear_v rather_o a_o emulation_n among_o the_o particular_a captain_n who_o shall_v treat_v his_o seaman_n best_o in_o these_o point_n and_o employ_v the_o money_n allot_v for_o their_o victual_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n than_o any_o little_a knavish_a practice_n of_o fill_v their_o own_o purse_n by_o keep_v their_o man_n bell_n empty_a or_o force_v they_o to_o corrupt_a unwholesome_a diet_n upon_o which_o and_o upon_o cleanliness_n in_o their_o ship_n the_o health_n of_o many_o people_n crowd_v up_o into_o so_o little_a room_n seem_v chief_o to_o depend_v the_o salary_n of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o this_o state_n be_v very_o small_a i_o have_v already_o mention_v that_o of_o a_o burgomaster_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o be_v about_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n that_o of_o their_o vice-admiral_n for_o since_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o orange_n death_n to_o the_o year_n 1670_o there_o have_v be_v no_o admiral_n be_v five_o hundred_o and_o that_o of_o the_o pensioner_n of_o holland_n two_o hundred_o the_o greatness_n of_o this_o state_n seem_v much_o to_o consist_v in_o these_o order_n how_o confuse_v soever_o and_o of_o different_a piece_n they_o may_v seem_v but_o more_o in_o two_o main_a effect_n of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o good_a choice_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o chief_a trust_n in_o the_o city_n province_n and_o state_n and_o the_o great_a simplicity_n and_o modesty_n in_o the_o common_a port_n or_o live_n of_o their_o chief_a minister_n without_o which_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o the_o senate_n in_o each_o town_n and_o the_o immensity_n of_o tax_n throughout_o the_o whole_a state_n will_v never_o be_v endure_v by_o the_o people_n with_o any_o patience_n be_v both_o of_o they_o great_a than_o in_o many_o of_o those_o government_n which_o be_v esteem_v most_o arbitrary_a among_o their_o neighbour_n but_o in_o the_o assembly_n and_o debate_n of_o their_o senate_n every_o man_n ability_n be_v discover_v as_o their_o disposition_n be_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o life_n and_o domestic_a among_o their_o fellow-citizen_n the_o observation_n of_o these_o either_o raise_v or_o suppress_v the_o credit_n of_o particular_a man_n both_o among_o the_o people_n and_o the_o senate_n of_o their_o town_n who_o to_o maintain_v their_o authority_n with_o less_o popular_a envy_n or_o discontent_n give_v much_o to_o the_o general_a opinion_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o their_o magistrate_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o though_o perhaps_o the_o nation_n general_o be_v not_o wise_a yet_o the_o government_n be_v because_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o nation_n which_o may_v give_v it_o a_o advantage_n over_o many_o other_o where_o ability_n be_v of_o more_o common_a growth_n but_o of_o less_o use_n to_o the_o public_a if_o it_o happen_v that_o neither_o wisdom_n nor_o honesty_n be_v the_o quality_n which_o bring_v man_n to_o the_o management_n of_o state-affair_n as_o they_o usual_o do_v in_o this_o commonwealth_n beside_o though_o these_o people_n who_o be_v natural_o cold_a and_o heavy_a may_v not_o be_v ingenious_a enough_o to_o furnish_v a_o pleasant_a or_o agreeable_a conversation_n yet_o they_o want_v not_o plain_o downright_a sense_n to_o understand_v and_o do_v their_o business_n both_o public_a and_o private_a which_o be_v a_o talon_n very_o different_a from_o the_o other_o and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o they_o often_o meet_v for_o the_o first_o proceed_v from_o heat_n of_o
the_o brain_n which_o make_v the_o spirit_n more_o airy_a and_o volatile_a and_o thereby_o the_o motion_n of_o thought_n light_a and_o quick_a and_o the_o range_v of_o imagination_n much_o great_a than_o in_o cold_a head_n where_o the_o spirit_n be_v more_o earthy_a and_o dull_a thought_n move_v slow_a and_o heavy_a but_o thereby_o the_o impression_n of_o it_o be_v deep_a and_o last_v long_o one_o imagination_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_o nor_o so_o easy_o efface_v by_o another_o as_o where_o new_a one_o be_v continual_o arise_v this_o make_v dull_a man_n more_o constant_a and_o steady_a and_o quick_a man_n more_o inconstant_a and_o uncertain_a whereas_o the_o great_a ability_n in_o business_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o steady_a pursuit_n of_o some_o one_o thing_n till_o there_o be_v a_o end_n of_o it_o with_o perpetual_a application_n and_o endeavour_v not_o to_o be_v divert_v by_o every_o representation_n of_o new_a hope_n or_o fear_n of_o difficulty_n or_o danger_n or_o of_o some_o better_a design_n the_o first_o of_o these_o talent_n cut_v like_o a_o razor_n the_o other_o like_o a_o hatchet_n one_o have_v thinness_n of_o edge_n and_o fineness_n of_o metal_n and_o temper_n but_o be_v easy_o turn_v by_o any_o substance_n that_o be_v hard_a and_o resist_v tother_o have_v toughness_n and_o weight_n which_o make_v it_o cut_v through_o or_o go_v deep_a wherever_o it_o fall_v and_o therefore_o one_o be_v for_o adornment_n and_o other_o for_o use._n it_o may_v be_v say_v further_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n common_o go_v along_o with_o that_o of_o the_o brain_n so_o that_o passion_n be_v warm_a where_o imagination_n be_v quick_a and_o there_o be_v few_o man_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o some_o evident_a natural_a defect_n but_o have_v sense_n enough_o to_o distinguish_v in_o gross_a between_o right_n and_o wrong_n between_o good_a and_o bad_a when_o represent_v to_o they_o and_o consequent_o have_v judgement_n enough_o to_o do_v their_o business_n if_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o itself_o and_o not_o sway_v nor_o corrupt_v by_o some_o humour_n or_o passion_n by_o anger_n or_o pride_n by_o love_n or_o by_o scorn_n ambition_n or_o avarice_n delight_n or_o revenge_n so_o as_o the_o coldness_n of_o passion_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o natural_a ground_n of_o ability_n and_o honesty_n among_o man_n as_o the_o government_n or_o moderation_n of_o they_o the_o great_a end_n of_o philosophical_a and_o moral_a instruction_n these_o speculation_n may_v perhaps_o a_o little_a lessen_v the_o common_a wonder_n how_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o in_o one_o nation_n so_o little_a show_n of_o part_n and_o of_o wit_n and_o so_o great_a evidence_n of_o wisdom_n and_o prudence_n as_o have_v appear_v in_o the_o conduct_n and_o success_n of_o this_o state_n for_o near_a a_o hundred_o year_n which_o need_v no_o other_o testimony_n than_o the_o mighty_a growth_n and_o power_n it_o arrive_v to_o from_o so_o weak_a and_o contemptible_a seed_n and_o beginning_n the_o other_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v as_o a_o occasion_n of_o their_o greatness_n be_v the_o simplicity_n and_o modesty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n in_o their_o way_n of_o live_v which_o be_v so_o general_a that_o i_o never_o know_v one_o among_o they_o exceed_v the_o common_a frugal_a popular_a air_n and_o so_o great_a that_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a officer_n in_o my_o time_n vice-admiral_n de_fw-fr ruiter_n and_o the_o pensioner_n de_fw-fr wit_n one_o general_o esteem_v by_o foreign_a nation_n as_o great_a a_o seaman_n and_o the_o other_o as_o great_a a_o statesman_n as_o any_o of_o their_o age_n i_o never_o see_v the_o first_o in_o clothes_n better_a than_o the_o common_a sea-captain_n nor_o with_o above_o one_o man_n follow_v he_o nor_o in_o a_o coach_n and_o in_o his_o own_o house_n neither_o be_v the_o size_n building_n furniture_n or_o entertainment_n at_o all_o exceed_a the_o use_n of_o every_o common_a merchant_n and_o tradesman_n in_o his_o town_n for_o the_o pensioner_n de_fw-fr wit_n who_o have_v the_o great_a influence_n in_o the_o government_n the_o whole_a train_n and_o expense_n of_o his_o domestic_a go_v very_o equal_a with_o other_o common_a deputy_n or_o minister_n of_o the_o state_n his_o habit_n grave_n and_o plain_a and_o popular_a his_o table_n what_o only_o serve_v turn_v for_o his_o family_n or_o a_o friend_n his_o train_n beside_o commissary_n and_o clerk_n keep_v for_o he_o in_o a_o office_n adjoin_v to_o his_o house_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n be_v only_o one_o man_n who_o perform_v all_o the_o menial_a service_n of_o his_o house_n at_o home_n and_o upon_o his_o visit_n of_o ceremony_n put_v on_o a_o plain_a livery-cloak_n attend_v his_o coach_n abroad_o for_o upon_o other_o occasion_n he_o be_v see_v usual_o in_o the_o street_n on_o foot_n and_o alone_o like_o the_o common_a burger_n of_o the_o town_n nor_o be_v this_o manner_n of_o life_n affect_v or_o use_v by_o these_o particular_a man_n but_o be_v the_o general_a fashion_n or_o mode_n among_o all_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o state_n for_o i_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o military_a officer_n who_o be_v reckon_v their_o servant_n and_o live_v in_o a_o different_a garb_n though_o general_o modest_a than_o in_o other_o country_n thus_o this_o stomachful_a people_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o least_o exercise_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n or_o imposition_n or_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o foreign_a troop_n under_o the_o spanish_a government_n have_v be_v since_o enure_v to_o all_o of_o they_o in_o the_o high_a degree_n under_o their_o own_o popular_a magistrate_n bridle_v with_o hard_a law_n terrify_v with_o severe_a execution_n environ_v with_o foreign_a force_n and_o oppress_v with_o the_o most_o cruel_a hardship_n and_o variety_n of_o tax_n that_o be_v ever_o know_v under_o any_o government_n but_o all_o this_o whilst_o the_o way_n to_o office_n and_o authority_n lie_v through_o those_o quality_n which_o acquire_v the_o general_a esteem_n of_o the_o people_n whilst_o no_o man_n be_v exempt_v from_o the_o danger_n and_o current_n of_o law_n whilst_o soldier_n be_v confine_v to_o frontier-garrison_n the_o guard_n of_o inland_n or_o trading-town_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o burgher_n themselves_o and_o whilst_o no_o great_a riches_n be_v see_v to_o enter_v by_o public_a payment_n into_o private_a purse_n either_o to_o raise_v family_n or_o to_o feed_v the_o prodigal_a expense_n of_o vain_a extravagant_a and_o luxurious_a man_n but_o all_o public_a money_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o safety_n greatness_n or_o honour_n of_o the_o state_n and_o the_o magistrate_n themselves_o bear_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o all_o the_o burden_n they_o impose_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n orange_n though_o intermit_v upon_o the_o untimely_a death_n of_o the_o last_o and_o infancy_n of_o this_o present_a prince_n yet_o as_o it_o must_v be_v ever_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o most_o essential_a part_n in_o the_o first_o frame_n of_o this_o government_n and_o in_o all_o the_o fortune_n thereof_o during_o the_o whole_a growth_n and_o progress_n of_o the_o state_n so_o have_v it_o ever_o preserve_v a_o very_a strong_a root_n not_o only_o in_o six_o of_o the_o province_n but_o even_o in_o the_o general_a and_o popular_a affection_n of_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n itself_o who_o state_n have_v for_o these_o last_o twenty_o year_n so_o much_o endeavour_v to_o suppress_v or_o exclude_v it_o this_o begin_v in_o the_o person_n of_o prince_n william_n of_o nassaw_n at_o the_o very_a birth_n of_o the_o state_n and_o not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o be_v governor_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n in_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o philip_n the_o second_v time_n as_o by_o the_o esteem_n of_o so_o great_a wisdom_n goodness_n and_o courage_n as_o excel_v in_o that_o prince_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v from_o he_o derive_v to_o his_o whole_a race_n be_v indeed_o the_o quality_n that_o natural_o acquire_v esteem_n and_o authority_n among_o the_o people_n in_o all_o government_n nor_o have_v this_o nation_n in_o particular_a since_o the_o time_n perhaps_o of_o civilis_n ever_o be_v without_o some_o head_n under_o some_o title_n or_o other_o but_o always_o a_o head_n subordinate_a to_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o first_o constitution_n of_o this_o government_n after_o the_o revolt_n from_o spain_n all_o the_o power_n and_o right_n of_o prince_n william_n of_o orange_n as_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v careful_o reserve_v but_o those_o which_o remain_v inherent_a in_o the_o sovereign_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o states-general_n so_o as_o in_o they_o remain_v the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n and_o all_o foreign_a alliance_n and_o of_o raise_v and_o coin_v of_o money_n in_o the_o prince_n the_o command_n
of_o all_o land_n and_o sea-force_n as_o captain-general_n and_o admiral_n and_o thereby_o the_o disposition_n of_o all_o military_a command_n the_o power_n of_o pardon_v the_o penalty_n of_o crime_n the_o choose_n of_o magistrate_n upon_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o town_n for_o they_o present_v three_o to_o the_o prince_n who_o elect_v one_o out_o of_o that_o number_n original_o the_o states-general_n be_v convoke_v by_o the_o council_n of_o state_n where_o the_o prince_n have_v the_o great_a influence_n nor_o since_o that_o change_n have_v the_o state_n use_v to_o resolve_v any_o important_a matter_n without_o his_o advice_n beside_o all_o this_o as_o the_o states-general_n represent_v the_o sovereignty_n so_o do_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n the_o dignity_n of_o this_o state_n by_o public_a guard_n and_o the_o attendance_n of_o all_o military_a officer_n by_o the_o application_n of_o all_o foreign_a minister_n and_o all_o pretender_n at_o home_n by_o the_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n and_o magnificence_n of_o his_o expense_n support_v not_o only_o by_o the_o pension_n and_o right_n of_o his_o several_a charge_n and_o command_n but_o by_o a_o mighty_a patrimonial_a revenue_n in_o land_n and_o sovereign_a principality_n and_o lordship_n as_o well_o in_o france_n germany_n and_o burgundy_n as_o in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n so_o as_o prince_n henry_n be_v use_v to_o answer_v some_o that_o will_v have_v flatter_v he_o into_o the_o design_n of_o a_o more_o arbitrary_a power_n that_o he_o have_v as_o much_o as_o any_o wise_a prince_n will_v desire_v in_o that_o state_n since_o he_o have_v all_o indeed_o beside_o that_o of_o punish_v man_n and_o raise_v money_n whereas_o he_o have_v rather_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o first_o shall_v lie_v upon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n and_o he_o know_v the_o other_o can_v never_o be_v support_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o that_o degree_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o so_o small_a a_o state_n against_o so_o mighty_a prince_n as_o their_o neighbour_n upon_o these_o foundation_n be_v this_o state_n first_o establish_v and_o by_o these_o order_n maintain_v till_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o orange_n when_o by_o the_o great_a influence_n of_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n among_o the_o rest_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n come_v to_o be_v share_v among_o the_o several_a magistracy_n of_o the_o state_n those_o of_o the_o city_n assume_v the_o last_o nomination_n of_o their_o several_a magistrate_n the_o states-provincial_a the_o disposal_n of_o all_o military_a command_n in_o those_o troop_n which_o their_o share_n be_v to_o pay_v and_o the_o states-general_n the_o command_n of_o the_o army_n by_o officer_n of_o their_o own_o appointment_n substitute_v and_o change_v at_o their_o will_n no_o power_n remain_v to_o pardon_v what_o be_v once_o condemn_v by_o rigour_n of_o law_n nor_o any_o person_n to_o represent_v the_o port_n and_o dignity_n of_o a_o sovereign_a state_n both_o which_o can_v not_o fail_v of_o be_v sensible_o miss_v by_o the_o people_n since_o no_o man_n in_o particular_a can_v be_v secure_a of_o offend_v or_o will_v therefore_o absolute_o despair_v of_o impunity_n himself_o though_o he_o will_v have_v other_o do_v so_o and_o man_n be_v general_o please_v with_o the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o a_o government_n not_o only_o as_o it_o be_v a_o amusement_n for_o idle_a people_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o greatness_n honour_n and_o riches_n of_o their_o country_n however_o these_o defect_n be_v for_o near_o twenty_o year_n supply_v in_o some_o measure_n and_o this_o frame_n support_v by_o the_o great_a authority_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n which_o draw_v a_o sort_n of_o dependence_n from_o the_o other_o six_o and_o by_o the_o great_a sufficiency_n integrity_n and_o constancy_n of_o their_o chief_a minister_n and_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o both_o in_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o their_o affair_n yet_o have_v a_o constitution_n strain_v against_o the_o current_a vein_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v always_o evident_a that_o upon_o the_o growth_n of_o this_o young_a prince_n the_o great_a virtue_n and_o quality_n he_o derive_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o such_o royal_a and_o such_o princely_a blood_n can_v not_o fail_v in_o time_n of_o raise_v his_o authority_n to_o equal_v at_o least_o if_o not_o to_o surpass_v that_o of_o his_o glorious_a ancestor_n chap._n iii_o of_o their_o situation_n holland_z zealand_n friezland_n and_o groninguen_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o make_v the_o strength_n and_o greatness_n of_o this_o state_n the_o other_o three_o with_o the_o conquer_a town_n in_o brabant_n flanders_n and_o cleve_n make_v only_o the_o outwork_n or_o frontier_n serve_v chief_o for_o safety_n and_o defence_n of_o these_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v the_o strange_a and_o mighty_a change_n that_o may_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o face_n and_o bound_n of_o maritime_a country_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o by_o furious_a inundation_n upon_o the_o unusual_a concurrence_n of_o land-flood_n wind_n and_o tide_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n know_v whether_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n may_v not_o have_v be_v in_o some_o past_a age_n all_o wood_n and_o rough_a unequal_a ground_n as_o some_o old_a tradition_n go_v and_o level_v to_o what_o we_o see_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v break_v in_o and_o continue_v long_o upon_o the_o land_n since_o recover_v by_o its_o recess_n and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o industry_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o sea_n for_o some_o space_n of_o year_n advance_v continual_o upon_o one_o coast_n retire_v from_o the_o opposite_a and_o in_o another_o age_n quite_o change_v this_o course_n yield_v up_o what_o it_o have_v seize_v and_o seize_v what_o it_o have_v yield_v up_o without_o any_o reason_n to_o be_v give_v of_o such_o contrary_a motion_n but_o i_o suppose_v this_o great_a change_n be_v make_v in_o holland_n when_o the_o sea_n first_o part_v england_n from_o the_o continent_n break_v through_o a_o neck_n of_o land_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o may_v be_v a_o tale_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a be_v no_o record_n it_o be_v certain_a on_o the_o contrary_a that_o sixteen_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o usual_a mention_n or_o memory_n of_o any_o such_o change_n and_o that_o the_o face_n of_o all_o these_o coast_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n especial_o that_o of_o holland_n be_v much_o as_o it_o be_v now_o allow_v only_o the_o improvement_n of_o riches_n time_n and_o industry_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o description_n make_v in_o tacitus_n both_o of_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o batavia_n opplevit_fw-la and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o well_o as_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o very_a name_n of_o river_n still_o remain_v it_o be_v likely_a the_o change_n arrive_v since_o that_o age_n in_o these_o country_n may_v have_v be_v make_v by_o stoppage_n grow_v in_o time_n with_o the_o roll_n of_o sand_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o three_o great_a river_n which_o disimbogue_v into_o the_o sea_n through_o the_o coast_n of_o these_o province_n that_o be_v the_o rhine_n the_o mose_n and_o the_o scheld_v the_o ancient_a rind_n divide_v where_o skencksconce_v now_o stand_v into_o two_o river_n of_o which_o one_o keep_v the_o name_n till_o run_v near_o leyden_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o catwick_n where_o be_v still_o see_v at_o low_a tide_n the_o foundation_n of_o a_o ancient_a roman_a castle_n that_o command_v the_o mouth_n of_o this_o river_n but_o this_o be_v whole_o stop_v up_o though_o a_o great_a canal_n still_o preserve_v the_o name_n of_o the_o old_a rhine_n the_o mose_n run_v by_o dort_n and_o rotterdam_n fall_v as_o it_o now_o do_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o briel_n with_o mighty_a issue_n of_o water_n but_o the_o sand_n gather_v for_o three_o or_o four_o league_n upon_o this_o coast_n make_v the_o haven_n extreme_a dangerous_a without_o great_a skill_n of_o pilot_n and_o use_v of_o pilot-boat_n that_o come_v out_o with_o every_o tide_n to_o welcome_a and_o secure_v the_o ship_n bind_v for_o that_o river_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o sand_n have_v obstruct_v the_o free_a course_n of_o the_o river_n have_v at_o time_n cause_v or_o increase_v those_o inundation_n out_o of_o which_o so_o many_o island_n have_v be_v recover_v and_o of_o which_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v much_o compose_v the_o scheld_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v its_o issue_n by_o walcheren_n in_o zealand_n which_o be_v a_o island_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o that_o river_n till_o the_o inundation_n of_o that_o and_o the_o mose_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v join_v together_o by_o some_o great_a help_n or_o eruption_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o
the_o other_o side_n it_o may_v improve_v man_n part_n and_o ability_n of_o cold_a complexion_n and_o in_o dull_a air_n and_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o thaw_v and_o move_v the_o freeze_a or_o unactive_a spirit_n of_o the_o brain_n to_o rouse_v sleepy_a thought_n and_o refine_v grosser_n imagination_n and_o perhaps_o to_o animate_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o well_o as_o enliven_v those_o of_o the_o brain_n therefore_o the_o old_a german_n seem_v to_o have_v some_o reason_n in_o their_o custom_n not_o to_o execute_v any_o great_a resolution_n which_o have_v not_o be_v twice_o debate_v and_o agree_v at_o two_o several_a assembly_n one_o in_o a_o afternoon_n and_o other_o in_o a_o morning_n because_o they_o think_v their_o counsel_n may_v want_v vigour_n when_o they_o be_v sober_a as_o well_o as_o caution_n when_o they_o have_v drink_v yet_o in_o holland_n i_o have_v observe_v very_o few_o of_o their_o chief_a officer_n or_o minister_n of_o state_n vicious_a in_o this_o kind_n or_o if_o they_o drink_v much_o it_o be_v only_o at_o set-feast_n and_o rather_o to_o acquit_v themselves_o than_o of_o choice_n or_o inclination_n and_o for_o the_o merchant_n and_o trader_n with_o who_o it_o be_v customary_a they_o never_o do_v it_o in_o a_o morning_n nor_o till_o they_o come_v from_o the_o exchange_n where_o the_o business_n of_o the_o day_n be_v common_o dispatch_v nay_o it_o hardly_o enter_v into_o their_o head_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o drink_v at_o all_o before_o that_o time_n but_o they_o will_v excuse_v it_o if_o you_o come_v to_o their_o house_n and_o tell_v you_o how_o sorry_a they_o be_v you_o come_v in_o a_o morning_n when_o they_o can_v offer_v you_o to_o drink_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n of_o day_n it_o be_v not_o only_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o drink_v themselves_o but_o so_o much_o as_o a_o stranger_n to_o do_v it_o within_o their_o wall_n the_o afternoon_n or_o at_o least_o the_o evening_n be_v give_v to_o whatever_o they_o find_v will_v divert_v they_o and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o needs_o consider_v how_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n in_o thought_n or_o in_o care_n in_o toil_n or_o in_o business_n for_o nature_n can_v hold_v out_o with_o constant_a labour_n of_o body_n and_o as_o little_a with_o constant_a bent_n or_o application_n of_o mind_n much_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n either_o weary_a and_o waste_v they_o too_o fast_o for_o repair_v or_o else_o as_o it_o be_v fire_n the_o wheel_n and_o so_o end_n either_o in_o general_a decay_n of_o the_o body_n or_o distraction_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o these_o be_v usual_o occasion_v by_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o thought_n about_o some_o one_o object_n whether_o it_o be_v about_o one_o self_n in_o excess_n of_o pride_n or_o about_o another_o in_o those_o of_o love_n or_o of_o grief_n therefore_o none_o be_v so_o excusable_a as_o man_n of_o much_o care_n and_o thought_n or_o of_o great_a business_n for_o give_v up_o their_o time_n of_o leisure_n to_o any_o pleasure_n or_o diversion_n that_o offend_v no_o law_n nor_o hurt_v other_o or_o themselves_o and_o this_o seem_v the_o reason_n that_o in_o all_o civil_a constitution_n not_o only_o honour_n but_o riches_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o those_o who_o govern_v and_o upon_o who_o the_o public_a care_n be_v mean_v to_o be_v devolve_v not_o only_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v distract_v from_o these_o by_o the_o care_n of_o their_o own_o domestic_a or_o private_a interest_n but_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o esteem_n and_o of_o riches_n they_o may_v have_v those_o pleasure_n and_o diversion_n in_o their_o reach_n which_o idle_a man_n neither_o need_n nor_o deserve_v but_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o refreshment_n or_o repair_v of_o spirit_n exhaust_v with_o care_n and_o with_o toil_n and_o which_o serve_v to_o sweeten_v and_o preserve_v those_o life_n that_o will_v otherwise_o wear_v out_o too_o fast_o or_o grow_v too_o uneasy_a in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a the_o two_o character_n that_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o old_a roman_a writer_n of_o the_o ancient_a batavi_n or_o hollander_n be_v that_o they_o be_v both_o the_o brave_a among_o the_o german_a nation_n tacit._n and_o the_o most_o obstinate_a lover_n and_o defender_n of_o their_o liberty_n which_o make_v they_o exempt_v from_o all_o tribute_n by_o the_o roman_n who_o desire_v only_a soldier_n of_o their_o nation_n to_o make_v up_o some_o of_o their_o auxiliary-band_n as_o they_o do_v in_o former_a age_n of_o those_o nation_n in_o italy_n that_o be_v their_o friend_n and_o ally_n the_o last_o disposition_n seem_v to_o have_v continue_v constant_a and_o national_a among_o they_o ever_o since_o that_o time_n and_o never_o to_o have_v more_o appear_v than_o in_o the_o rise_n and_o constitution_n of_o their_o present_a state_n it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o of_o the_o first_o or_o that_o the_o people_n in_o general_n can_v be_v say_v now_o to_o be_v valiant_a a_o quality_n of_o old_a so_o national_a among_o they_o and_o which_o by_o the_o several_a war_n of_o the_o count_n of_o holland_n especial_o with_o the_o frizon_n and_o by_o the_o desperate_a defence_n make_v against_o the_o spaniard_n by_o this_o people_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o their_o state_n shall_v seem_v to_o have_v last_v long_o and_o to_o have_v but_o late_o decay_v that_o be_v since_o the_o whole_a application_n of_o their_o native_n have_v be_v turn_v to_o commerce_n and_o trade_n and_o the_o vein_n of_o their_o domestic_a life_n so_o much_o to_o parsimony_n by_o circumstance_n which_o will_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o another_o chapter_n and_o since_o the_o main_a of_o all_o their_o force_n and_o body_n of_o their_o army_n have_v be_v compose_v and_o continual_o supply_v out_o of_o their_o neighbour-nation_n for_o soldier_n and_o merchant_n be_v not_o find_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v more_o incompatible_a in_o their_o abode_n than_o the_o disposition_n and_o custom_n seem_v to_o be_v different_a that_o render_v a_o people_n sit_v for_o trade_n and_o for_o war._n the_o soldier_n think_v of_o a_o short_a life_n and_o a_o merry_a the_o trader_n reckon_v upon_o a_o long_a and_o a_o painful_a one_o intend_v to_o make_v his_o fortune_n sudden_o by_o his_o courage_n by_o victory_n and_o spoil_v the_o tother_o slow_a but_o sure_a by_o craft_n by_o treaty_n and_o by_o industry_n this_o make_v the_o first_o franc_fw-fr and_o generous_a and_o throw_v away_o upon_o his_o pleasure_n what_o have_v be_v get_v in_o one_o danger_n and_o may_v either_o be_v lose_v or_o repair_v in_o the_o next_o the_o other_o wary_a and_o frugal_a and_o loath_a to_o part_v with_o in_o a_o day_n what_o he_o have_v be_v labour_v for_o a_o year_n and_o have_v no_o hope_n to_o recover_v but_o by_o the_o same_o pace_n of_o diligence_n and_o time_n one_o aim_n only_o to_o preserve_v what_o he_o have_v as_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o father_n pain_n or_o what_o he_o shall_v get_v as_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o own_o tother_o think_v the_o price_n of_o a_o little_a blood_n be_v more_o than_o of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o sweat_n and_o mean_n to_o live_v upon_o other_o man_n labour_n and_o possess_v in_o a_o hour_n what_o they_o have_v be_v year_n in_o acquire_v this_o make_v one_o love_n to_o live_v under_o staunch_a order_n and_o law_n while_o other_o will_v have_v all_o depend_v upon_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o will._n the_o trader_n reckon_v upon_o grow_v rich_a and_o by_o his_o account_n better_a the_o long_o he_o live_v which_o make_v he_o careful_a of_o his_o health_n and_o his_o life_n and_o so_o apt_a to_o be_v orderly_o and_o temperate_a in_o his_o diet_n while_o the_o soldier_n be_v thoughtless_a or_o prodigal_a of_o both_o and_o have_v not_o his_o meat_n ready_a at_o hour_n or_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o eat_v full_a and_o greedy_o whenever_o he_o get_v to_o it_o and_o perhaps_o difference_n of_o diet_n may_v make_v great_a difference_n in_o man_n natural_a courage_n than_o be_v common_o think_v of_o for_o courage_n may_v proceed_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o the_o temper_n of_o air_n may_v be_v form_v by_o discipline_n and_o acquire_v by_o use_n or_o infuse_v by_o opinion_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o natural_a and_o so_o more_o national_a in_o some_o country_n than_o in_o other_o seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o heat_n or_o strength_n of_o spirit_n about_o the_o heart_n which_o may_v a_o great_a deal_n depend_v upon_o the_o measure_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o food_n man_n be_v use_v to_o this_o make_v a_o great_a physician_n among_o we_o say_v he_o will_v make_v any_o man_n a_o coward_n with_o six_o week_n diet_v and_o prince_n maurice_n of_o orange_n call_v for_o the_o english_a
also_o those_o manner_n and_o disposition_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o peace_n order_n and_o safety_n of_o all_o civil_a society_n and_o government_n among_o man_n nor_o can_v i_o ever_o understand_v how_o those_o who_o call_v themselves_o and_o the_o world_n usual_o call_v religious_a man_n come_v to_o put_v so_o great_a weight_n upon_o those_o point_n of_o belief_n which_o man_n never_o have_v agree_v in_o and_o so_o little_a upon_o those_o of_o virtue_n and_o morality_n in_o which_o they_o have_v hardly_o ever_o disagree_v nor_o why_o a_o state_n shall_v venture_v the_o subversion_n of_o their_o peace_n and_o their_o order_n which_o be_v certain_a good_n for_o the_o propagation_n of_o uncertain_a or_o contest_v opinion_n one_o of_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o first_o revolt_n in_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o oppression_n of_o man_n conscience_n or_o persecution_n in_o their_o liberty_n their_o estate_n and_o their_o life_n upon_o pretence_n of_o religion_n and_o this_o at_o a_o time_n when_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o conspiring-disposition_n in_o most_o country_n of_o christendom_n to_o seek_v the_o reformation_n of_o some_o abuse_n grow_v in_o the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n either_o by_o the_o rust_n of_o time_n by_o negligence_n or_o by_o human_a invention_n passion_n and_o interest_n the_o rigid_a opposition_n give_v at_o rome_n to_o this_o general_a humour_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o defection_n of_o mighty_a number_n in_o all_o those_o several_a country_n who_o profess_v to_o reform_v themselves_o according_a to_o such_o rule_n as_o they_o think_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o church_n these_o person_n though_o they_o agree_v in_o the_o main_a of_o disow_v the_o papal_a power_n and_o reduce_v belief_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o tradition_n to_o that_o of_o the_o scripture_n yet_o they_o differ_v much_o among_o themselves_o in_o other_o circumstance_n especial_o of_o discipline_n according_a to_o the_o persuasion_n and_o impression_n of_o the_o leading-doctor_n in_o their_o several_a country_n so_o the_o reform_a of_o france_n become_v universal_o calvinist_n but_o for_o those_o of_o germany_n though_o they_o be_v general_o lutheran_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mixture_n both_o of_o calvinist_n and_o anabaptist_n among_o they_o the_o first_o persecution_n of_o these_o reform_a arise_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o drive_v great_a number_n of_o they_o down_o into_o the_o seventeen_o province_n especial_o holland_n and_o brabant_n where_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n be_v great_a and_o the_o emperor_n government_n be_v less_o severe_a as_o among_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o own_o native_a country_n this_o be_v the_o occasion_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1566_o when_o upon_o the_o first_o insurrection_n in_o flanders_n those_o of_o the_o reform_a profession_n begin_v to_o form_v consistory_n and_o levy_v contribution_n among_o themselves_o for_o support_v of_o their_o common_a cause_n it_o be_v resolve_v upon_o consultation_n among_o the_o head_n of_o they_o that_o for_o decline_v all_o difference_n among_o themselves_o at_o a_o time_n of_o common_a exigence_n the_o public_a profession_n of_o their_o party_n shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o lutheran_n though_o with_o liberty_n and_o indulgence_n to_o those_o of_o different_a opinion_n by_o the_o union_n of_o utrecht_n conclude_v in_o 579_o each_o of_o the_o province_n be_v leave_v to_o order_v the_o matter_n of_o religion_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o most_o conduce_v to_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o province_n with_o this_o provision_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v remain_v free_a in_o his_o religion_n and_o none_o be_v examine_v or_o entrap_v for_o that_o cause_n according_a to_o the_o pacification_n at_o gant_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 583_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o general_a agreement_n that_o the_o evangelical_n religion_n shall_v be_v only_o profess_v in_o all_o the_o seven_o province_n which_o come_v thereby_o to_o be_v the_o establish_a religion_n of_o this_o state_n the_o reason_n which_o seem_v to_o induce_v they_o to_o this_o settlement_n be_v many_o and_o of_o weight_n as_o first_o because_o by_o the_o persecution_n arrive_v in_o france_n where_o all_o the_o reform_a be_v calvinist_n multitude_n of_o people_n have_v retire_v out_o of_o that_o kingdom_n into_o the_o low_a country_n and_o by_o the_o great_a commerce_n and_o continual_a intercourse_n with_o england_n where_o the_o reformation_n agree_v much_o with_o the_o calvinist_n in_o point_n of_o doctrine_n though_o more_o with_o the_o lutheran_n in_o point_n of_o discipline_n those_o opinion_n come_v to_o be_v credit_v and_o propagate_v more_o than_o any_o other_o among_o the_o people_n of_o these_o province_n so_o as_o the_o number_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v great_a far_o in_o the_o city_n of_o this_o than_o of_o any_o other_o profession_n second_o the_o succour_n and_o supply_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n by_o which_o the_o weak_a beginning_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n be_v perserve_v and_o fortify_v come_v chief_o from_o england_n from_o the_o protestant_n of_o france_n when_o their_o affair_n be_v successful_a and_o from_o the_o calvinist_n prince_n of_o germany_n who_o lie_v near_a and_o be_v ready_a to_o relieve_v they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n because_o those_o of_o this_o profession_n seem_v the_o most_o contrary_a and_o violent_a against_o the_o spaniard_n who_o make_v themselves_o head_n of_o the_o roman-catholiques_a throughout_o christendom_n and_o the_o hatred_n of_o spain_n and_o their_o dominion_n be_v so_o root_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o this_o people_n that_o it_o have_v influence_n upon_o they_o in_o the_o very_a choice_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o last_o because_o by_o this_o profession_n all_o right_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o clergy_n or_o hierarchy_n be_v suppress_v there_o be_v no_o ecclesiastical_a authority_n leave_v to_o rise_v up_o and_o trouble_v or_o fetter_v the_o civil_a power_n and_o all_o the_o good_n and_o possession_n of_o church_n and_o abbey_n be_v seize_v whole_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o state_n which_o make_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n a_o thing_n the_o most_o necessary_a for_o the_o support_n of_o their_o government_n there_o may_v perhaps_o be_v add_v one_o reason_n more_o which_o be_v particular_a to_o one_o of_o the_o province_n for_o whereas_o in_o most_o if_o not_o all_o other_o part_n of_o christendom_n the_o clergy_n compose_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o country_n and_o thereby_o share_v with_o the_o noble_n and_o commons_o in_o their_o influence_n upon_o the_o government_n that_o order_n never_o make_v any_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o holland_n nor_o have_v any_o vote_n in_o their_o assembly_n which_o consist_v only_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o the_o city_n and_o this_o province_n bear_v always_o the_o great_a sway_n in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o union_n be_v most_o incline_v to_o the_o settlement_n of_o that_o profession_n which_o give_v least_o pretence_n of_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o so_o agree_v most_o with_o their_o own_o ancient_a constitution_n since_o this_o establishment_n as_o well_o as_o before_o the_o great_a care_n of_o this_o state_n have_v ever_o be_v to_o favour_v no_o particular_a or_o curious_a inquisition_n into_o the_o faith_n or_o religious_a principle_n of_o any_o peaceable_a man_n who_o come_v to_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o their_o law_n and_o to_o suffer_v no_o violence_n or_o oppression_n upon_o any_o man_n conscience_n who_o opinion_n break_v not_o out_o into_o expression_n or_o action_n of_o ill_a consequence_n to_o the_o state_n a_o free_a form_n of_o government_n either_o make_v way_n for_o more_o freedom_n in_o religion_n or_o else_o have_v new_o contend_v so_o far_o themselves_o for_o liberty_n in_o this_o point_n they_o think_v it_o the_o more_o unreasonable_a for_o they_o to_o oppress_v other_o perhaps_o while_o they_o be_v so_o threaten_v and_o endanger_v by_o foreign_a army_n they_o think_v it_o the_o more_o necessary_a to_o provide_v against_o discontent_n within_o which_o can_v never_o be_v dangerous_a where_o they_o be_v not_o ground_v or_o father_v upon_o oppression_n in_o point_n either_o of_o religion_n or_o liberty_n but_o in_o those_o two_o case_n the_o flame_n often_o prove_v most_o violent_a in_o a_o state_n the_o more_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o or_o the_o long_o conceal_v the_o roman-catholique_a religion_n be_v alone_o except_v from_o the_o common_a protection_n of_o their_o law_n make_v man_n as_o the_o state_n believe_v worse_o subject_n than_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o foreign_a and_o superior_a jurisdiction_n for_o so_o must_v all_o spiritual_a power_n need_v be_v as_o ground_v upon_o great_a hope_n and_o fear_n than_o any_o civil_a at_o lest_o wherever_o the_o persuasion_n from_o faith_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o those_o
mutual_a trust_n among_o private_a man_n so_o it_o can_v grow_v or_o thrive_v to_o any_o great_a degree_n without_o a_o confidence_n both_o of_o public_a and_o private_a safety_n and_o consequent_o a_o trust_n in_o the_o government_n from_o a_o opinion_n of_o its_o strength_n wisdom_n and_o justice_n which_o must_v be_v ground_v either_o upon_o the_o personal_a virtue_n and_o quality_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o else_o upon_o the_o constitution_n and_o order_n of_o a_o state_n it_o appear_v to_o every_o man_n eye_n who_o have_v travel_v holland_n and_o observe_v the_o number_n and_o vicinity_n of_o their_o great_a and_o populous_a town_n and_o village_n with_o the_o prodigious_a improvement_n of_o almost_o every_o spot_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o country_n and_o the_o great_a multitude_n constant_o employ_v in_o their_o ship_n abroad_o and_o their_o boat_n at_o home_n that_o no_o other_o know_v country_n in_o the_o world_n of_o the_o same_o extent_n hold_v any_o proportion_n with_o this_o in_o number_n of_o people_n and_o if_o that_o be_v the_o great_a foundation_n of_o trade_n the_o best_a account_n that_o can_v be_v give_v of_o they_o will_v be_v by_o consider_v the_o cause_n and_o accident_n that_o have_v serve_v to_o force_v or_o invite_v so_o vast_a a_o confluence_n of_o people_n into_o their_o country_n in_o the_o first_o rank_n may_v be_v place_v the_o civil-war_n calamity_n persecution_n oppression_n or_o discontent_n that_o have_v be_v so_o fatal_a to_o most_o of_o their_o neighbour_n for_o some_o time_n before_o as_o well_o as_o since_o their_o state_n begin_v the_o persecution_n for_o matter_n of_o religion_n in_o germany_n under_o charles_n the_o five_o in_o france_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o in_o england_n under_o queen_n mary_n force_v great_a number_n of_o people_n out_o of_o all_o those_o country_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o the_o several_a town_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n where_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o the_o country_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n have_v be_v inviolate_a under_o so_o long_a a_o succession_n of_o prince_n and_o give_v protection_n to_o these_o oppress_a stranger_n who_o fill_v their_o city_n both_o with_o people_n and_o trade_n and_o raise_v antwerp_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o renown_n as_o continue_v till_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n arrival_n in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o fright_n of_o this_o man_n and_o the_o order_n he_o bring_v and_o army_n to_o execute_v they_o begin_v to_o scatter_v the_o flock_n of_o people_n that_o for_o some_o time_n have_v be_v nest_v there_o so_o as_o in_o very_a few_o month_n above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o family_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o seven_o province_n unite_v and_o begin_v to_o defend_v themselves_o with_o success_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o countenance_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o persecution_n for_o religion_n begin_v to_o grow_v sharp_a in_o the_o spanish_a province_n all_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n and_o hater_n of_o the_o spanish_a dominion_n retire_v into_o the_o strong_a city_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o give_v the_o same_o date_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o trade_n there_o and_o the_o decay_n of_o it_o at_o antwerp_n the_o long_a civil-war_n at_o first_o of_o france_n then_o of_o germany_n and_o last_o of_o england_n serve_v to_o increase_v the_o swarm_n in_o this_o country_n not_o only_o by_o such_o as_o be_v persecute_v at_o home_n but_o great_a number_n of_o peaceable_a man_n who_o come_v here_o to_o seek_v for_o quiet_a in_o their_o life_n and_o safety_n in_o their_o possession_n or_o trade_n like_o those_o bird_n that_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o rough_a winter-season_n leave_v the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v fly_v away_o to_o some_o kind_a and_o soft_a climate_n and_o never_o return_v till_o the_o frost_n be_v past_a and_o the_o wind_n be_v lay_v at_o home_n the_o invitation_n these_o people_n have_v to_o fix_v rather_o in_o holland_n than_o in_o many_o better_a country_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o the_o great_a strength_n of_o their_o town_n which_o by_o their_o maritime_a situation_n and_o the_o low_a flatness_n of_o their_o country_n can_v with_o their_o sluice_n overflow_v all_o the_o ground_n about_o they_o at_o such_o distance_n as_o to_o become_v inaccessible_a to_o any_o land-force_n and_o this_o natural_a strength_n have_v be_v improve_v especial_o at_o amsterdam_n by_o all_o the_o art_n and_o expense_n that_o can_v any_o way_n contribute_v towards_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o place_n next_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o their_o government_n by_o which_o neither_o the_o states-general_n nor_o the_o prince_n have_v any_o power_n to_o invade_v any_o man_n person_n or_o property_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o their_o city_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v fear_v that_o the_o senate_n of_o any_o town_n shall_v conspire_v to_o any_o such_o violence_n nor_o if_o they_o do_v can_v they_o possible_o execute_v it_o have_v no_o soldier_n in_o their_o pay_n and_o the_o burgher_n only_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o town_n and_o execution_n of_o all_o civil_a justice_n among_o they_o these_o circumstance_n give_v so_o great_a a_o credit_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o that_o be_v another_o invitation_n for_o people_n to_o come_v and_o lodge_v here_o what_o part_n of_o their_o money_n they_o can_v transport_v and_o know_v no_o way_n of_o secure_v at_o home_n nor_o do_v those_o people_n only_o lodge_v money_n here_o who_o come_v over_o into_o the_o country_n but_o many_o more_o who_o never_o leave_v their_o own_o though_o they_o provide_v for_o a_o retreat_n or_o against_o a_o storm_n and_o think_v no_o place_n so_o secure_a as_o this_o nor_o from_o whence_o they_o may_v so_o easy_o draw_v their_o money_n into_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n another_o circumstance_n be_v the_o general_a liberty_n and_o ease_n not_o only_o in_o point_n of_o conscience_n but_o all_o other_o that_o serve_v to_o the_o commodiousness_n and_o quiet_a of_o life_n every_o man_n follow_v his_o own_o way_n mind_v his_o own_o business_n and_o little_o inquire_v into_o other_o man_n which_o i_o suppose_v happen_v by_o so_o great_a a_o concourse_n of_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n different_a religion_n and_o custom_n as_o leave_v nothing_o strange_a or_o new_a and_o by_o the_o general_a humour_n bend_v all_o upon_o industry_n whereas_o curiosity_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o idle_a man_n beside_o it_o have_v ever_o be_v the_o great_a principle_n of_o their_o state_n run_v through_o all_o their_o province_n and_o city_n even_o with_o emulation_n to_o make_v their_o country_n the_o common_a refuge_n of_o all_o miserable_a man_n from_o who_o protection_n hardly_o any_o alliance_n treaty_n or_o interest_n have_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o divert_v or_o remove_v they_o so_o as_o during_o the_o great_a dependence_n this_o state_n have_v upon_o france_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o all_o the_o person_n disgrace_v at_o that_o court_n or_o banish_v that_o country_n make_v this_o their_o common_a retreat_n nor_o can_v the_o state_n ever_o be_v prevail_v with_o by_o any_o instance_n of_o the_o french_a ambassador_n to_o refuse_v they_o the_o use_n and_o liberty_n of_o common_a life_n and_o air_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o their_o government_n this_o firmness_n in_o the_o state_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o circumstance_n that_o have_v invite_v so_o many_o unhappy_a man_n out_o of_o all_o their_o neighbourhood_n and_o indeed_o from_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o the_o blow_n of_o justice_n or_o of_o fortune_n nor_o indeed_o do_v any_o country_n seem_v so_o proper_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o upon_o such_o occasion_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o safety_n but_o as_o a_o place_n that_o hold_v so_o constant_a and_o easy_a correspondency_n with_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o whither_o any_o man_n may_v draw_v whatever_o money_n he_o have_v at_o his_o disposal_n in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o neither_o riches_n expose_v man_n to_o danger_n nor_o poverty_n to_o contempt_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a where_o parsimony_n be_v honourable_a whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a or_o no_o and_o he_o that_o be_v force_v by_o his_o fortune_n to_o live_v low_a may_v here_o alone_o live_v in_o fashion_n and_o upon_o equal_a term_n in_o appearance_n abroad_o with_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o minister_n and_o rich_a of_o their_o merchant_n nor_o be_v it_o easy_o imagine_v how_o great_a a_o effect_n this_o constitution_n among_o they_o may_v in_o course_n of_o time_n have_v have_v upon_o the_o increase_n both_o of_o their_o people_n and_o their_o trade_n as_o the_o two_o first_o invitation_n of_o people_n into_o this_o country_n be_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o
best_a native_a commodity_n and_o the_o other_o drain_v all_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o west-indies_n by_o all_o this_o account_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o riches_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o some_o of_o our_o maxim_n be_v not_o so_o certain_a as_o they_o be_v current_n in_o our_o common_a politic_n as_o first_o that_o example_n and_o encouragement_n of_o excess_n and_o luxury_n if_o employ_v in_o the_o consumption_n of_o native_a commodity_n be_v of_o advantage_n to_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v so_o to_o that_o which_o impoverish_v but_o be_v not_o to_o that_o which_o enrich_v a_o country_n and_o be_v indeed_o less_o prejudicial_a if_o it_o lie_v in_o native_a than_o in_o foreign_a ware_n but_o the_o custom_n or_o humour_n of_o luxury_n and_o expense_n can_v stop_v at_o certain_a bound_n what_o begin_v in_o native_a will_v proceed_v in_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o though_o the_o example_n arise_v among_o idle_a person_n yet_o the_o imitation_n will_v run_v into_o all_o degree_n even_o of_o those_o man_n by_o who_o industry_n the_o nation_n subsist_v and_o beside_o the_o more_o of_o our_o own_o we_o spend_v the_o less_o we_o shall_v have_v to_o send_v abroad_o and_o so_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o while_o we_o drive_v a_o vast_a trade_n yet_o by_o buy_v much_o more_o than_o we_o sell_v we_o shall_v come_v to_o be_v poor_a whereas_o when_o we_o drive_v a_o very_a small_a traffic_n abroad_o yet_o by_o sell_v so_o much_o more_o than_o we_o buy_v we_o be_v very_o rich_a in_o proportion_n to_o our_o neighbour_n this_o appear_v in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n when_o we_o maintain_v so_o mighty_a war_n in_o france_n and_o carry_v our_o victorious_a arm_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o spain_n whereas_o in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n the_o value_n and_o custom_n of_o all_o our_o exported_a commodity_n amount_v to_o 294184_o l._n 17_o s._n 2_o d._n and_o that_o of_o our_o import_v but_o to_o 38970_o l._n 03_o s._n 06_o d._n so_o as_o there_o must_v have_v enter_v that_o year_n into_o the_o kingdom_n in_o coin_n or_o bullion_n or_o else_o have_v grow_v a_o debt_n to_o the_o nation_n 255214_o l._n 13_o s._n 08_o d._n and_o yet_o we_o then_o carry_v out_o our_o wool_n unwrought_a and_o bring_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o clothes_n from_o flanders_n another_o common_a maxim_n be_v that_o if_o by_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n or_o servitude_n the_o state_n and_o consequent_o the_o trade_n of_o holland_n shall_v be_v ruin_v the_o last_o will_v of_o course_n fall_v to_o our_o share_n in_o england_n which_o be_v no_o consequence_n for_o it_o will_v certain_o break_v into_o several_a piece_n and_o shift_n either_o to_o we_o to_o flanders_n to_o the_o hans-town_n or_o any_o other_o part_n according_a as_o the_o most_o of_o those_o circumstance_n shall_v any_o where_o concur_v to_o invite_v it_o and_o the_o like_a to_o such_o as_o appear_v to_o have_v former_o draw_v it_o into_o holland_n by_o so_o mighty_a a_o confluence_n of_o people_n and_o so_o general_a a_o vein_n of_o industry_n and_o parsimony_n among_o they_o and_o whoever_o pretend_v to_o equal_v their_o growth_n in_o trade_n and_o riches_n by_o other_o way_n than_o such_o as_o be_v already_o enumerate_v will_v prove_v i_o doubt_v either_o to_o deceive_v or_o to_o be_v deceive_v a_o three_o be_v that_o if_o that_o state_n be_v reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n so_o as_o to_o become_v a_o province_n to_o some_o great_a power_n they_o will_v choose_v our_o subjection_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o or_o those_o at_o least_o that_o be_v the_o maritime_a and_o the_o rich_a of_o the_o province_n but_o it_o will_v be_v more_o reasonable_o conclude_v from_o all_o the_o former_a discourse_n that_o though_o they_o may_v be_v divide_v by_o absolute_a conquest_n they_o will_v never_o divide_v themselves_o by_o consent_n but_o all_o fall_n one_o way_n and_o by_o common_a agreement_n make_v the_o best_a term_n they_o can_v for_o their_o country_n as_o a_o province_n if_o not_o as_o a_o state_n and_o before_o they_o come_v to_o such_o a_o extremity_n they_o will_v first_o seek_v to_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o belgick-circle_n in_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o be_v of_o old_a and_o thereby_o receive_v the_o protection_n of_o that_o mighty_a body_n which_o as_o far_o as_o great_a and_o small_a thing_n may_v be_v compare_v seem_v the_o like_a their_o own_o state_n in_o its_o main_a constitution_n but_o especial_o in_o the_o freedom_n or_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n and_o this_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v their_o minister_n speak_v of_o as_o their_o last_o refuge_n in_o case_n of_o be_v threaten_v by_o too_o strong_a and_o fatal_a a_o conjuncture_n and_o if_o this_o shall_v happen_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o province_n will_v rather_o be_v preserve_v or_o increase_v than_o any_o way_n break_v or_o destroy_v by_o such_o a_o alteration_n of_o their_o state_n because_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o country_n will_v continue_v what_o they_o be_v and_o the_o security_n will_v be_v great_a than_o now_o it_o be_v the_o last_o i_o will_v mention_v be_v of_o another_o vein_n that_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v make_v sovereign_a of_o their_o country_n though_o by_o foreign_a arm_n he_o will_v be_v a_o great_a prince_n because_o this_o now_o appear_v to_o be_v so_o great_a a_o state_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o province_n will_v soon_o become_v a_o very_a mean_a country_n for_o such_o a_o power_n must_v be_v maintain_v by_o force_n as_o it_o will_v be_v acquire_v and_o as_o indeed_o all_o absolute_a dominion_n must_v be_v in_o those_o province_n this_o will_v raise_v general_a discontent_n and_o those_o perpetual_a sedition_n among_o the_o town_n which_o will_v change_v the_o order_n of_o the_o country_n endanger_v the_o property_n of_o private_a man_n and_o shake_v the_o credit_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o government_n whenever_o this_o shall_v happen_v the_o people_n will_v scatter_v industry_n will_v faint_v bank_n will_v dissolve_v and_o trade_n will_v decay_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o probable_o in_o course_n of_o time_n their_o very_a digue_n will_v be_v no_o long_o maintain_v by_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o weak_a people_n against_o so_o furious_a a_o invader_n but_o the_o sea_n will_v break_v in_o upon_o their_o land_n and_o leave_v their_o chief_a city_n to_o be_v fisher-town_n as_o they_o be_v of_o old_a without_o any_o such_o great_a revolution_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o trade_n have_v for_o some_o year_n ago_o past_o its_o meridian_n and_o begin_v sensible_o to_o decay_v among_o they_o whereof_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v several_a cause_n as_o first_o the_o general_a application_n that_o so_o many_o other_o nation_n have_v make_v to_o it_o within_o these_o two_o or_o three_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o since_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n which_o restore_v the_o quiet_a of_o christendom_n in_o 1648_o not_o only_o sueden_fw-mi and_o denmark_n but_o france_n and_o england_n have_v more_o particular_o than_o ever_o before_o busy_v the_o thought_n and_o counsel_n of_o their_o several_a government_n as_o well_o as_o the_o humour_n of_o their_o people_n about_o the_o matter_n of_o trade_n nor_o have_v this_o happen_v without_o good_a degree_n of_o success_n though_o kingdom_n of_o such_o extent_n that_o have_v other_o and_o noble_a foundation_n of_o greatness_n can_v raise_v trade_n to_o such_o a_o pitch_n as_o this_o little_a state_n which_o have_v no_o other_o to_o build_v upon_o no_o more_o than_o a_o man_n who_o have_v a_o fair_a and_o plentiful_a estate_n can_v fall_v to_o labour_n and_o industry_n like_o one_o that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o trust_v to_o for_o the_o support_n of_o his_o life_n but_o however_o all_o these_o nation_n have_v come_v of_o late_a to_o share_v large_o with_o they_o and_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v grow_v too_o many_o trader_n for_o trade_n in_o the_o world_n so_o as_o they_o can_v hardly_o live_v one_o by_o another_o as_o in_o a_o great_a populous_a village_n the_o first_o grocer_n or_o mercer_n that_o set_v up_o among_o they_o grow_v present_o rich_a have_v all_o the_o custom_n till_o another_o encourage_v by_o his_o success_n come_v to_o set_v up_o by_o he_o and_o share_v in_o his_o gain_n at_o length_n so_o many_o fall_n to_o the_o trade_n that_o nothing_o be_v get_v by_o it_o and_o some_o must_v give_v over_o or_o all_o must_v break_v not_o many_o age_n past_a venice_n and_o florence_n possess_v all_o the_o trade_n of_o europe_n the_o last_o by_o their_o manufacture_n but_o the_o first_o by_o their_o ship_n and_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o persia_n and_o the_o indies_n who_o commodity_n be_v bring_v those_o by_o land_n and_o these_o by_o the_o arabian-sea_n to_o egypt_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v fetch_v by_o the_o
venetian_a fleet_n and_o disperse_v into_o most_o of_o the_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o those_o time_n we_o find_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o england_n be_v drive_v by_o venetian_n florentine_n and_o lombard_n the_o easterling_n who_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o hans-town_n as_o dantzic_n lubeick_n hamburgh_n and_o other_o upon_o that_o coast_n fall_v next_o into_o trade_n and_o manage_v all_o that_o of_o these_o northern_a part_n for_o many_o year_n and_o bring_v it_o first_o down_n to_o bruges_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o antwerp_n the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o portuguess_n to_o the_o east-indies_n break_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o venetian_a trade_n and_o draw_v it_o to_o lisbon_n and_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o netherlands_o that_o of_o antwerp_n to_o holland_n but_o in_o all_o this_o time_n the_o other_o and_o great_a nation_n of_o europe_n concern_v themselves_o little_a in_o it_o their_o trade_n be_v war_n their_o counsel_n and_o erterprise_n be_v busy_v in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o in_o those_o between_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n both_o of_o the_o same_o forge_n engage_v all_o christian_a prince_n and_o end_v in_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a state_n throughout_o christendom_n sometime_o in_o the_o mighty_a war_n between_o england_n and_o france_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o more_o general_a between_o christian_a and_o turk_n or_o more_o particular_a quarrel_n between_o lesser_a an_o neighbouring-prince_n in_o short_a the_o kingdom_n and_o principality_n be_v in_o the_o world_n like_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n in_o a_o country_n the_o free-state_n and_o city_n like_o the_o merchant_n and_o trader_n these_o at_o first_o despise_v by_o the_o other_o the_o other_o serve_v and_o revere_v by_o they_o till_o by_o the_o various_a course_n of_o event_n in_o the_o world_n some_o of_o these_o come_v to_o grow_v rich_a and_o powerful_a by_o industry_n and_o parsimony_n and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o poor_a by_o war_n and_o by_o luxury_n which_o make_v the_o trader_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o and_o carry_v it_o like_o gentleman_n and_o the_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o take_v a_o fancy_n of_o fall_v to_o trade_n by_o this_o short_a account_n it_o will_v appear_v no_o wonder_n either_o that_o particular_a place_n grow_v so_o rich_a and_o so_o mighty_a while_o they_o alone_o enjoy_v almost_o the_o general_a trade_n of_o the_o world_n nor_o why_o not_o only_o the_o trade_n in_o holland_n but_o the_o advantage_n of_o it_o in_o general_a shall_v seem_v to_o be_v lessen_v by_o so_o many_o that_o share_v it_o another_o cause_n of_o its_o decay_n in_o that_o state_n may_v be_v that_o by_o the_o mighty_a progress_n of_o their_o east-indy_n company_n the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n be_v grow_v more_o than_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n can_v take_v off_o and_o consequent_o the_o rate_n of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v lessen_v while_o the_o charge_n be_v increase_v by_o the_o great_a war_n the_o army_n and_o fort_n necessary_a to_o maintain_v or_o extend_v the_o acquisition_n of_o that_o company_n in_o the_o indies_n for_o instead_o of_o five_o or_o six_o east-indy_n ship_n which_o use_v to_o make_v the_o fleet_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v now_o rise_v to_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o i_o think_v two_o and_o twenty_o come_v in_o one_o year_n to_o the_o unite_a province_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o particular_a person_n of_o that_o company_n in_o holland_n make_v not_o so_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o same_o stock_n as_o those_o of_o we_o do_v in_o england_n though_o their_o company_n be_v very_o much_o rich_a and_o drive_v a_o far_o great_a trade_n than_o we_o which_o be_v exhaust_v by_o no_o charge_n of_o army_n or_o fort_n or_o ship_n of_o war_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o dutch_a be_v force_v to_o keep_v so_o long_o and_o so_o much_o of_o those_o commodity_n in_o their_o magazine_n here_o and_o to_o bring_v they_o out_o only_o as_o the_o market_n call_v for_o they_o or_o be_v able_a to_o take_v off_o and_o why_o they_o bring_v so_o much_o less_o from_o the_o indies_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v if_o there_o be_v vent_n enough_o here_o as_o i_o remember_v one_o of_o their_o seaman_n new_o land_v out_o of_o their_o east-indy_n fleet_n in_o the_o year_n 69_o upon_o discourse_n in_o a_o boat_n between_o delf_n and_o leyden_n say_v he_o have_v see_v before_o he_o come_v away_o three_o heap_n of_o nutmeg_n burn_v at_o a_o time_n each_o of_o which_o be_v more_o than_o a_o small_a church_n can_v hold_v which_o he_o point_v at_o in_o a_o village_n that_o be_v in_o sight_n another_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o great_a cheapness_n of_o corn_n which_o have_v be_v for_o these_o dozen_o year_n or_o more_o general_a in_o all_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o which_o have_v a_o very_a great_a influence_n upon_o the_o trade_n of_o holland_n for_o a_o great_a vent_n of_o indian_a commodity_n at_o least_o the_o spice_n which_o be_v the_o gross_a of_o they_o use_v to_o be_v make_v into_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o europe_n in_o exchange_n for_o corn_n while_o it_o be_v take_v off_o at_o good_a rate_n by_o the_o market_n of_o flanders_n england_n france_n spain_n or_o italy_n in_o all_o which_o country_n it_o have_v of_o late_a year_n go_v so_o low_o as_o to_o discourage_v the_o import_n of_o so_o great_a quantity_n as_o use_v to_o come_v from_o poland_n and_o prussia_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o north._n now_o the_o less_o value_n those_o nation_n receive_v for_o corn_n the_o less_o they_o be_v able_a to_o give_v for_o spice_n which_o be_v a_o great_a loss_n to_o the_o dutch_a on_o both_o side_n lessen_v the_o vent_n of_o their_o indian_a ware_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o the_o traffic_n of_o corn_n in_o the_o southern_a part_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o great_a cheapness_n of_o corn_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o course_n of_o plentiful_a and_o seasonable_a year_n as_o the_o general_a peace_n that_o have_v be_v in_o europe_n since_o the_o year_n 59_o or_o 60_o by_o which_o so_o many_o man_n and_o so_o much_o land_n have_v be_v turn_v to_o husbandry_n that_o be_v before_o employ_v in_o the_o war_n or_o lay_v waste_v by_o they_o in_o all_o the_o frontier-province_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n as_o well_o as_o throughout_o germany_n before_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n and_o in_o england_n during_o the_o action_n or_o consequence_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n and_o plenty_n grow_v not_o to_o a_o height_n but_o by_o the_o succession_n of_o several_a peaceful_a as_o well_o as_o seasonable_a year_n the_o last_o cause_n i_o will_v mention_v be_v the_o mighty_a enlargement_n of_o the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n by_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o new_a town_n the_o extent_n whereof_o be_v so_o spacious_a and_o the_o building_n of_o so_o much_o great_a beauty_n and_o cost_n than_o the_o old_a that_o it_o must_v have_v employ_v a_o vast_a proportion_n of_o that_o stock_n which_o in_o this_o city_n be_v before_o whole_o turn_v to_o trade_n beside_o there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v grow_v on_o for_o these_o late_a year_n a_o great_a vie_v of_o luxury_n and_o expense_n among_o many_o of_o the_o merchant_n of_o that_o town_n than_o be_v ever_o former_o know_v which_o be_v observe_v and_o complain_v of_o as_o well_o as_o the_o enlargement_n of_o their_o city_n by_o some_o of_o the_o wise_a of_o their_o minister_n while_o i_o reside_v among_o they_o who_o design_v some_o regulation_n by_o sumptuary_n law_n as_o know_v the_o very_a foundation_n of_o their_o trade_n will_v soon_o be_v undermine_v if_o the_o habitual_a industry_n parsimony_n and_o simplicity_n of_o their_o people_n come_v to_o be_v overrun_v by_o luxury_n idleness_n and_o excess_n however_o it_o happen_v i_o find_v it_o agree_v by_o all_o the_o most_o diligent_a and_o circumspect_a inquiry_n i_o can_v make_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 69_o and_o 70_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o foreign_a trade_n among_o they_o beside_o that_o of_o the_o indies_n by_o which_o the_o trader_n make_v the_o return_n of_o their_o money_n without_o loss_n and_o none_o by_o which_o the_o gain_n be_v above_o two_o in_o the_o hundred_o so_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v with_o trade_n as_o with_o the_o sea_n its_o element_n that_o have_v a_o certain_a pitch_n above_o which_o it_o never_o rise_v in_o the_o high_a tide_n and_o begin_v to_o ebb_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v and_o ever_o lose_v ground_n in_o one_o place_n proportionable_o to_o what_o it_o gain_v in_o another_o chap._n vii_o of_o their_o force_n and_o revenue_n the_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o state_n be_v measure_v in_o former_a age_n by_o the_o number_n
fee_n to_o officer_n who_o receive_v certain_a constant_a salary_n from_o the_o state_n which_o they_o dare_v not_o increase_v by_o any_o private_a practice_n or_o extortion_n so_o as_o whoever_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o any_o public_a debt_n have_v so_o much_o ready_a money_n in_o his_o coffer_n be_v pay_v certain_o at_o call_v without_o charge_n or_o trouble_v and_o assign_v over_o in_o any_o payment_n like_o the_o best_a bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o extraordinary_a revenue_n be_v when_o upon_o some_o great_a occasion_n or_o war_n the_o generalty_n agree_v to_o any_o extraordinary_a contribution_n as_o sometime_o the_o hundred_o penny_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n pole_n or_o chimney-money_n or_o any_o other_o subsidy_n and_o payment_n according_a as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o the_o occasion_n require_v which_o have_v sometime_o reach_v so_o far_o as_o even_o to_o a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o man_n that_o travel_v in_o the_o common_a way_n of_o their_o country_n by_o boat_n or_o in_o coach_n in_o wagon_n or_o on_o horseback_n by_o all_o these_o mean_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o english_a war_n in_o 1665_o there_o be_v raise_v in_o the_o province_n forty_o million_o of_o which_o twenty_o two_o in_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n and_o upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o munster_n invade_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o land_n they_o have_v in_o the_o year_n 66_o above_o threescore_o thousand_o land-man_n in_o pay_n and_o a_o fleet_n of_o above_o a_o hundred_o great_a man_n of_o war_n at_o sea_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o nation_n at_o that_o time_n seem_v just_o to_o have_v raise_v the_o glory_n of_o we_o which_o during_o the_o year_n 65_o and_o 66_o maintain_v a_o war_n not_o only_o against_o this_o powerful_a state_n but_o against_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o denmark_n in_o conjunction_n with_o they_o and_o all_o at_o a_o time_n when_o this_o kingdom_n be_v force_v to_o struggle_v at_o home_n with_o the_o calamitous_a effect_n of_o a_o rage_a plague_n that_o in_o three_o month_n of_o the_o first_o year_n sweep_v away_o incredible_a number_n of_o people_n and_o of_o a_o prodigious_a fire_n that_o in_o three_o day_n of_o the_o second_o lay_v in_o ash_n that_o ancient_n and_o famous_a city_n of_o london_n the_o heart_n and_o centre_n of_o our_o commerce_n and_o riches_n consume_v the_o great_a part_n of_o its_o building_n and_o a_o immense_a proportion_n of_o its_o wealth_n yet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o fatal_a accident_n those_o two_o summer_n be_v renown_v with_o three_o battle_n of_o the_o mighty_a fleet_n that_o ever_o meet_v upon_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o two_o be_v determine_v by_o entire_a and_o unquestioned_a victory_n and_o pursuit_n of_o our_o enemy_n into_o their_o very_a havens_n the_o three_o have_v begin_v by_o the_o unfortunate_a division_n of_o our_o fleet_n with_o the_o odds_o of_o ninety_o of_o their_o ship_n against_o fifty_o of_o we_o and_o in_o spite_n of_o such_o disadvantage_n have_v continue_v or_o be_v renew_v for_o three_o day_n together_o wherein_o we_o be_v every_o morning_n the_o aggressor_n end_v at_o last_o by_o the_o equal_a and_o mutual_a weakness_n or_o weariness_n of_o both_o side_n the_o maim_n of_o ship_n and_o tackle_n with_o want_n of_o powder_n and_o ammunition_n have_v leave_v undecided_a the_o great_a action_n that_o will_v perhaps_o appear_v upon_o record_n of_o any_o story_n and_o in_o this_o battle_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr witt_n confess_v to_o i_o that_o we_o gain_v more_o honour_n to_o our_o nation_n and_o to_o the_o invincible_a courage_n of_o our_o seaman_n than_o by_o the_o other_o two_o victory_n that_o he_o be_v sure_a their_o man_n can_v never_o have_v be_v bring_v on_o the_o two_o follow_a day_n after_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o first_o and_o he_o believe_v no_o other_o nation_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o but_o we_o i_o will_v not_o judge_n how_o we_o come_v to_o fail_v of_o a_o glorious_a peace_n in_o the_o six_o month_n next_o succeed_v after_o the_o fortune_n of_o our_o last_o victory_n and_o with_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o war_n but_o as_o any_o rough_a hand_n can_v break_v a_o bone_n whereas_o much_o art_n and_o care_n be_v require_v to_o set_v it_o again_o and_o restore_v it_o to_o its_o first_o strength_n and_o proportion_n so_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a part_n in_o a_o minister_n of_o state_n to_o engage_v a_o war_n but_o it_o be_v give_v to_o few_o to_o know_v the_o time_n and_o find_v the_o way_n of_o make_v peace_n yet_o when_o after_o the_o sensible_a event_n of_o a_o unfortunate_a negligence_n a_o indifferent_a treaty_n be_v conclude_v at_o breda_n in_o 67_o within_o six_o month_n follow_v by_o a_o alliance_n with_o this_o state_n in_o january_n 68_o which_o be_v receive_v with_o incredible_a joy_n and_o applause_n among_o they_o his_o majesty_n become_v the_o unquestioned_a arbiter_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n of_o christendom_n make_v a_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o great_a crown_n at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chapelle_n which_o be_v avow_v by_o all_o the_o world_n to_o be_v perfect_o his_o own_o and_o be_v receive_v with_o equal_a applause_n of_o christian_a prince_n abroad_o and_o of_o his_o subject_n at_o home_n and_o for_o three_o year_n succeed_v by_o the_o unshaken_a alliance_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o unite_a state_n his_o majesty_n remain_v absolute_a master_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o christendom_n and_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o give_v bound_n to_o the_o great_a as_o well_o as_o protection_n to_o the_o weak_a of_o his_o neighbour_n chap._n viii_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o fall_n in_o 1672._o it_o must_v be_v avow_v that_o as_o this_o state_n in_o the_o course_n and_o progress_n of_o its_o greatness_n for_o so_o many_o year_n past_a have_v shine_v like_o a_o comet_n so_o in_o the_o revolution_n of_o this_o last_o summer_n it_o seem_v to_o fall_v like_o a_o meteor_n and_o have_v equal_o amaze_v the_o world_n by_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o when_o we_o consider_v such_o a_o power_n and_o wealth_n as_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n to_o have_v fall_v in_o a_o manner_n prostrate_a within_o the_o space_n of_o one_o month_n so_o many_o frontier_n town_n renown_v in_o the_o sieges_n and_o action_n of_o the_o spanish_a war_n enter_v like_o open_a village_n by_o the_o french_a troop_n without_o defence_n or_o almost_o denial_n most_o of_o they_o without_o any_o blow_n at_o all_o and_o all_o of_o they_o with_o so_o few_o their_o great_a river_n that_o be_v esteem_v a_o invincible_a security_n to_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n and_o utrecht_n pass_v with_o as_o much_o ease_n and_o as_o small_a resistance_n as_o little_a ford_n and_o in_o short_a the_o very_a heart_n of_o a_o nation_n so_o valiant_a of_o old_a against_o rome_n so_o obstinate_a against_o spain_n now_o subdue_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n abandon_v all_o before_o their_o danger_n appear_v we_o may_v just_o have_v our_o recourse_n to_o the_o secret_a and_o fix_a period_n of_o all_o human_a greatness_n for_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o revolution_n or_o rather_o to_o the_o unsearchable_a decree_n and_o unresistable_a force_n of_o divine_a providence_n though_o it_o seem_v not_o more_o impious_a to_o question_v it_o than_o to_o measure_v it_o by_o our_o scale_n or_o reduce_v the_o issue_n and_o motion_n of_o that_o eternal_a will_n and_o power_n to_o a_o conformity_n with_o what_o be_v esteem_v just_o or_o wise_a or_o good_a by_o the_o usual_a consent_n or_o the_o narrow_a comprehension_n of_o poor_a mortal_a man_n but_o as_o in_o the_o search_n and_o consideration_n even_o of_o thing_n natural_a and_o common_a our_o talon_n i_o fear_v be_v to_o talk_v rather_o than_o to_o know_v so_o we_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o inquire_v and_o reason_n upon_o all_o thing_n while_o we_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o certainty_n or_o call_v that_o undeniable_a truth_n which_o be_v every_o day_n deny_v by_o ten_o thousand_o nor_o those_o opinion_n unreasonable_a which_o we_o know_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o such_o as_o we_o allow_v to_o be_v reasonable_a man_n i_o shall_v therefore_o set_v down_o such_o circumstance_n as_o to_o i_o seem_v most_o evident_o to_o have_v conspire_v in_o this_o revolution_n leave_v the_o cause_n less_o discernible_a to_o the_o search_n of_o more_o discern_a person_n and_o first_o i_o take_v their_o vast_a trade_n which_o be_v a_o occasion_n of_o their_o greatness_n to_o have_v be_v one_o likewise_o of_o their_o fall_n by_o have_v whole_o divert_v the_o genius_n of_o their_o native_a subject_n and_o inhabitant_n from_o arm_n to_o traffic_n and_o the_o art_n of_o peace_n leave_v the_o whole_a fortune_n of_o their_o late_a war_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o foreign_a and_o mercenary_a troop_n which_o much_o abase_v the_o courage_n of_o their_o nation_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o
another_o chapter_n and_o make_v the_o burgher_n of_o so_o little_a moment_n towards_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o town_n whereas_o in_o the_o famous_a sieges_n of_o harlem_n alemar_n and_o leyden_n they_o have_v make_v such_o brave_a and_o fierce_a defence_n as_o break_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o spanish_a army_n and_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o affair_n next_o be_v the_o peace_n of_o munster_n which_o have_v leave_v they_o now_o for_o above_o twenty_o year_n too_o secure_a of_o all_o invasion_n or_o enemy_n at_o land_n and_o so_o turn_v their_o whole_a application_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o force_n at_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v since_o exercise_v with_o two_o english_a war_n in_o that_o time_n and_o enliven_v with_o the_o small_a yearly_a expedition_n into_o the_o straits_n against_o the_o algerines_n and_o other_o corsair_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a another_o be_v their_o too_o great_a parsimony_n in_o reform_v so_o many_o of_o their_o best_a foreign_a officer_n and_o troop_n upon_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n who_o valour_n and_o conduct_n have_v be_v so_o great_a occasion_n of_o induce_v spain_n to_o the_o counsel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o that_o treaty_n but_o the_o great_a of_o all_o other_o that_o concur_v to_o weaken_v and_o indeed_o break_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o land-milice_a be_v the_o alteration_n of_o their_o state_n which_o happen_v by_o the_o perpetual_a edict_n of_o holland_n and_o west-friezland_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o orange_n for_o exclusion_n of_o the_o power_n of_o stadtholder_n in_o their_o province_n or_o at_o least_o the_o separation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o charge_n of_o captain-general_n since_o that_o time_n the_o main_a design_n and_o application_n of_o those_o province_n have_v be_v to_o work_v out_o by_o degree_n all_o the_o old_a officer_n both_o native_a and_o foreign_a who_o have_v be_v former_o swear_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o be_v still_o think_v affectionate_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o that_o family_n and_o to_o fill_v the_o command_n of_o their_o army_n with_o the_o son_n or_o kinsman_n of_o burgomaster_n and_o other_o officer_n or_o deputy_n in_o the_o state_n who_o they_o esteem_v sure_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o popular_a government_n and_o good_a enough_o for_o a_o age_n where_o they_o see_v no_o appearance_n of_o enemy_n at_o land_n to_o attaque_fw-la they_o but_o the_o humour_n of_o kindness_n to_o the_o young_a prince_n both_o in_o the_o people_n and_o army_n be_v not_o to_o be_v dissolve_v or_o disperse_v by_o any_o medicine_n or_o operation_n either_o of_o rigour_n or_o artifice_n but_o grow_v up_o insensible_o with_o the_o age_n of_o the_o prince_n marcelli_n ever_o presage_v some_o revolution_n in_o the_o state_n when_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o year_n of_o aspire_a and_o manage_v the_o general_a affection_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o prince_n who_o join_v to_o the_o great_a quality_n of_o his_o royal_a blood_n the_o popular_a virtue_n of_o his_o country_n silent_a and_o thoughtful_a give_v to_o hear_v and_o to_o inquire_v of_o a_o sound_n and_o steady_a understanding_n much_o firmness_n in_o what_o he_o once_o resolve_v or_o once_o deny_v great_a industry_n and_o application_n to_o his_o business_n little_a to_o his_o pleasure_n piety_n in_o the_o religion_n of_o his_o country_n but_o with_o charity_n to_o other_o temperance_n unusual_a to_o his_o youth_n and_o to_o the_o climate_n frugal_a in_o the_o common_a management_n of_o his_o fortune_n and_o yet_o magnificent_a upon_o occasion_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o heart_n aspire_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o military_a action_n with_o strong_a ambition_n to_o grow_v great_a but_o rather_o by_o the_o service_n than_o the_o servitude_n of_o his_o country_n in_o short_a a_o prince_n of_o many_o virtue_n without_o any_o appear_a mixture_n of_o vice_n in_o the_o english_a war_n begin_v the_o year_n 65_o the_o state_n disband_v all_o the_o english_a troop_n that_o be_v then_o leave_v in_o their_o service_n disperse_v the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o our_o nation_n who_o stay_v with_o they_o into_o other_o company_n or_o regiment_n of_o their_o own_o after_o the_o french_a invasion_n of_o flanders_n and_o the_o strict_a alliance_n between_o england_n and_o holland_n in_o 68_o they_o do_v the_o same_o by_o all_o the_o french_a that_o be_v remain_v in_o their_o service_n so_o as_o the_o several_a body_n of_o these_o two_o nation_n which_o have_v ever_o the_o great_a part_n in_o the_o honour_n and_o fortune_n of_o their_o war_n be_v now_o whole_o dissolve_v and_o their_o standing-milice_a compose_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o of_o their_o own_o native_n enervate_v by_o the_o long_a use_n and_o art_n of_o traffic_n and_o of_o peace_n but_o they_o be_v too_o great_a a_o match_n for_o any_o of_o the_o small_a prince_n their_o neighbour_n in_o germany_n and_o too_o secure_a of_o any_o danger_n from_o spain_n by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o force_n as_o well_o as_o disposition_n and_o be_v strict_o ally_v both_o with_o england_n and_o sweden_n in_o two_o several_a defensive_a league_n and_o in_o one_o common_a triple_a alliance_n they_o can_v not_o foresee_v any_o danger_n from_o france_n who_o they_o think_v will_v never_o have_v the_o courage_n or_o force_n to_o enter_v the_o list_n with_o so_o mighty_a confederate_n and_o who_o be_v sure_a of_o a_o conjunction_n whenever_o they_o please_v both_o with_o the_o emperor_n and_o spain_n beside_o they_o know_v that_o france_n can_v not_o attaque_fw-la they_o without_o pass_v through_o flanders_n or_o germany_n they_o be_v sure_a spain_n will_v not_o suffer_v it_o through_o the_o first_o if_o they_o be_v back_v in_o oppose_v it_o as_o foresee_v the_o inevitable_a loss_n of_o flanders_n upon_o that_o of_o holland_n and_o they_o can_v hardly_o believe_v the_o passage_n shall_v be_v yield_v by_o a_o german_a prince_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a will_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o emperor_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o that_o they_o hope_v the_o war_n will_v at_o least_o open_a in_o their_o neighbour_n province_n for_o who_o defence_n they_o resolve_v to_o employ_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o their_o state_n and_o will_v have_v make_v a_o mighty_a resistance_n if_o the_o quarrel_n have_v begin_v at_o any_o other_o door_n but_o their_o own_o they_o can_v not_o imagine_v a_o conjunction_n between_o england_n and_o france_n for_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o state_n for_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o our_o constitution_n they_o do_v not_o foresee_v how_o we_o shall_v find_v our_o interest_n in_o it_o and_o measure_v all_o state_n by_o that_o which_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v their_o interest_n nor_o can_v they_o believe_v that_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o europe_n will_v suffer_v such_o a_o addition_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o power_n of_o france_n as_o a_o conquest_n of_o holland_n beside_o these_o public_a consideration_n there_o be_v other_o particular_a to_o the_o faction_n among_o they_o and_o some_o of_o their_o minister_n be_v neither_o forward_a nor_o supple_a enough_o to_o endeavour_v the_o early_a break_n or_o divert_v such_o conjuncture_n as_o threaten_v they_o because_o they_o be_v not_o without_o hope_n they_o may_v end_v in_o renew_v their_o break_a measure_n with_o france_n which_o those_o of_o the_o commonwealth-party_n be_v more_o incline_v to_o by_o foresee_v the_o influence_n that_o their_o alliance_n with_o england_n must_v needs_o have_v in_o time_n towards_o the_o restore_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n authority_n and_o they_o think_v at_o the_o worst_a that_o whenever_o a_o pinch_n come_v they_o can_v not_o fail_v of_o a_o safe_a bargain_n in_o one_o market_n or_o other_o have_v so_o vast_a a_o treasure_n ready_a to_o employ_v upon_o any_o good_a occasion_n these_o consideration_n make_v they_o commit_v three_o fatal_a oversight_n in_o their_o foreign_a negotiation_n for_o they_o make_v a_o alliance_n with_o england_n without_o engage_v a_o confidence_n and_o friendship_n they_o break_v their_o measure_n with_o france_n without_o close_v new_a one_o with_o spain_n and_o they_o reckon_v upon_o the_o assistance_n of_o sweden_n and_o their_o neighbour-prince_n of_o germany_n without_o make_v they_o sure_o by_o subsidiary_a advances_n before_o a_o war_n begin_v last_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v approach_v the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n which_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n have_v since_o their_o alliance_n with_o his_o majesty_n in_o 68_o ever_o pretend_v shall_v be_v the_o time_n of_o advance_v he_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o captain-general_n and_o admiral_n of_o their_o force_n though_o without_o that_o of_o stadtholder_n but_o the_o near_o they_o draw_v to_o this_o period_n which_o be_v like_a to_o make_v a_o new_a figure_n in_o their_o government_n the_o more_o desirous_a some_o of_o their_o
minister_n seem_v either_o to_o decline_v or_o to_o restrain_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o prince_n grow_v confident_a upon_o the_o former_a promise_n or_o at_o least_o intimation_n of_o holland_n and_o the_o concur_v disposition_n of_o the_o other_o six_o province_n to_o his_o advancement_n and_o his_o party_n spirit_v by_o their_o hope_n and_o the_o great_a quality_n of_o this_o young_a prince_n now_o grow_v ripe_a for_o action_n and_o for_o enterprise_n resolve_v to_o bring_v this_o point_n to_o a_o sudden_a decision_n against_o which_o the_o other_o party_n prepare_v and_o unite_v all_o their_o defence_n so_o as_o this_o strong_a disease_n that_o have_v be_v so_o long_o work_v in_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o state_n seem_v just_a upon_o its_o crisis_n when_o a_o conjunction_n of_o two_o mighty_a king_n bring_v upon_o they_o a_o sudden_a and_o furious_a invasion_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o a_o royal_a fleet_n of_o above_o fourscore_o ship_n and_o a_o army_n of_o as_o many_o thousand_o man_n when_o the_o state_n see_v this_o cloud_n ready_a to_o break_v upon_o they_o after_o a_o long_a belief_n that_o it_o will_v blow_v over_o they_o begin_v not_o only_o to_o provide_v shelter_n at_o home_n with_o their_o usual_a vigour_n but_o to_o look_v out_o for_o it_o abroad_o though_o both_o too_o late_o of_o the_o prince_n that_o be_v their_o ally_n or_o concern_v in_o their_o danger_n such_o as_o be_v far_o off_o can_v not_o be_v in_o time_n the_o near_a be_v unwilling_a to_o share_v in_o a_o danger_n they_o be_v not_o enough_o prepare_v for_o most_n be_v content_a to_o see_v the_o pride_n of_o this_o state_n humble_v some_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o they_o revenge_v many_o will_v have_v they_o mortify_v that_o will_v not_o have_v they_o destroy_v and_o so_o all_o resolve_v to_o leave_v they_o to_o weather_n the_o storm_n as_o they_o can_v for_o one_o campania_n which_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v can_v go_v far_o towards_o their_o ruin_n consider_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o riches_n number_n of_o their_o force_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o place_n the_o state_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v increase_v their_o troop_n to_o seventy_o thousand_o man_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o their_o frontier-town_n but_o so_o great_a a_o length_n of_o their_o country_n lie_v open_a to_o the_o french_a invasion_n by_o the_o territory_n of_o colen_n and_o liege_n and_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o munster_n their_o inveterate_a enemy_n by_o westphalia_n that_o they_o know_v not_o where_o to_o expect_v or_o provide_v against_o the_o first_o danger_n and_o while_o they_o divide_v their_o force_n and_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o secure_n of_o so_o many_o garrison_n they_o provide_v for_o none_o to_o any_o purpose_n but_o maestricht_n which_o the_o french_a leave_v behind_o they_o and_o fall_v in_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o province_n beside_o those_o minister_n who_o have_v still_o the_o direction_n of_o affair_n bend_v their_o chief_a application_n to_o the_o strength_n and_o order_n of_o their_o fleet_n rather_o than_o of_o their_o army_n whether_o more_o peck_v at_o england_n than_o france_n upon_o the_o war_n and_o manner_n of_o enter_v into_o it_o or_o believe_v that_o a_o victory_n at_o sea_n will_v be_v the_o way_n to_o a_o peace_n with_o this_o crown_n or_o hope_v their_o town_n will_v not_o fall_v so_o fast_o but_o that_o before_o three_o or_o four_o be_v lose_v the_o business_n at_o sea_n will_v be_v decide_v or_o perhaps_o content_a that_o some_o ill_a success_n shall_v attend_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n at_o his_o first_o entrance_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o their_o army_n and_o thereby_o contribute_v to_o their_o design_n of_o restrain_v the_o authority_n while_o they_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v he_o the_o name_n of_o captain-general_n this_o indeed_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o fail_v consider_v the_o ill_a constitution_n of_o their_o old_a army_n the_o hasty_a levy_n of_o their_o new_a and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o faction_n now_o break_v out_o in_o the_o state_n which_o leave_v both_o the_o town_n and_o the_o troop_n in_o suspense_n under_o who_o banner_n they_o fight_v and_o by_o who_o order_n they_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v the_o prince_n or_o the_o state_n there_o happen_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o accident_n unusual_a to_o their_o climate_n which_o be_v a_o mighty_a drowth_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n that_o leave_v their_o water_n fordable_a in_o place_n where_o they_o use_v to_o be_v navigable_a for_o boat_n of_o great_a burden_n and_o this_o give_v they_o more_o trouble_n and_o distraction_n in_o the_o defence_n as_o their_o enemy_n more_o facility_n in_o the_o passage_n of_o those_o great_a river_n which_o be_v esteem_v no_o small_a security_n of_o their_o country_n and_o in_o this_o posture_n be_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n when_o the_o war_n break_v out_o with_o those_o fatal_a event_n that_o must_v needs_o attend_v any_o kingdom_n or_o state_n where_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o foreign_a invasion_n happen_v to_o meet_v with_o the_o distraction_n of_o a_o domestic_a sedition_n or_o discontent_n which_o like_o ill_a humour_n in_o a_o body_n make_v any_o small_a wound_n dangerous_a and_o a_o great_a one_o mortal_a they_o be_v still_o a_o great_a body_n but_o without_o their_o usual_a soul_n they_o be_v a_o state_n but_o it_o be_v of_o the_o disunit_a province_n their_o town_n be_v without_o order_n their_o burgher_n without_o obedience_n their_o soldier_n without_o discipline_n and_o all_o without_o heart_n whereas_o in_o all_o sieges_n the_o heart_n of_o man_n defend_v the_o wall_n and_o not_o wall_n the_o man_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v the_o name_n of_o england_n join_v in_o the_o war_n against_o they_o that_o break_v their_o heart_n and_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o town_n and_o so_o much_o country_n than_o the_o army_n of_o munster_n or_o of_o france_n so_o that_o upon_o all_o circumstance_n consider_v it_o seem_v easy_a to_o give_v a_o account_n what_o it_o be_v that_o lose_v they_o so_o much_o than_o what_o save_v they_o the_o rest_n no_o man_n at_o play_n see_v a_o very_a great_a game_n either_o in_o his_o own_o or_o another_o hand_n unexpected_o lose_v but_o he_o be_v apt_a to_o consider_v whether_o it_o can_v have_v be_v save_v and_o how_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v play_v the_o same_o enquiry_n will_v be_v natural_a upon_o the_o fall_n of_o this_o state_n and_o very_o difficult_a to_o resolve_v after_o the_o mighty_a growth_n of_o the_o french_a and_o decay_v of_o the_o spanish_a power_n which_o draw_v on_o the_o invasion_n of_o flanders_n in_o 1667_o this_o state_n have_v a_o very_a hard_a game_n to_o play_v either_o they_o must_v see_v flanders_n whole_o lose_v and_o france_n grow_v to_o confine_v upon_o they_o who_o they_o like_v as_o a_o ally_n but_o dread_v as_o a_o neighbour_n or_o else_o they_o must_v join_v with_o france_n to_o divide_v flanders_n between_o they_o but_o they_o know_v what_o it_o be_v to_o share_v with_o the_o lion_n or_o they_o must_v join_v with_o spain_n to_o defend_v flanders_n against_o france_n that_o be_v with_o their_o old_a enemy_n against_o their_o old_a friend_n or_o last_o they_o must_v join_v with_o england_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o flanders_n neither_o break_v with_o france_n nor_o close_v with_o spain_n and_o frame_v a_o arbitrage_n but_o of_o something_o a_o rough_a nature_n rather_o prescribe_v than_o mediate_a a_o peace_n and_o threaten_v a_o war_n upon_o that_o crown_n that_o refuse_v it_o they_o choose_v the_o last_o and_o wise_o as_o all_o man_n think_v but_o though_o this_o alliance_n be_v happy_o plant_v yet_o it_o be_v unhappy_o cultivate_v and_o so_o the_o fruit_n come_v to_o fall_v and_o the_o root_n to_o wither_v upon_o the_o first_o change_n of_o season_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o we_o have_v late_o see_v whether_o they_o can_v have_v prevent_v a_o conjunction_n of_o england_n with_o france_n shall_v be_v no_o part_n of_o my_o subject_n for_o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o know_v or_o to_o tell_v secret_n of_o state_n and_o intend_v these_o not_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o a_o ambassador_n but_o of_o a_o private_a man_n as_o i_o be_o and_o such_o as_o any_o gentleman_n may_v easy_o have_v make_v who_o have_v reside_v above_o two_o year_n as_o i_o do_v in_o holland_n and_o have_v be_v as_o i_o be_v a_o little_a incline_v to_o observe_v i_o shall_v only_o say_v that_o the_o conjunction_n of_o england_n with_o france_n be_v to_o this_o state_n like_o one_o of_o those_o disease_n which_o the_o physician_n say_v be_v hard_a to_o discern_v while_o they_o