think_v and_o think_v what_o he_o please_v without_o any_o fear_n of_o the_o king_n interregnum_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n cardinal_n radziouski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n take_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n as_o be_v usual_a upon_o he_o and_o notify_v the_o king_n death_n to_o foreign_a prince_n and_o to_o all_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n and_o advise_v with_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v then_o at_o warsaw_n of_o the_o proper_a method_n and_o fit_a time_n to_o ohoose_v a_o new_a king_n they_o fix_v upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n 1696_o for_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n but_o there_o appear_v several_a competitor_n which_o make_v powerful_a faction_n it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o take_v more_o time_n to_o appease_v the_o dissension_n of_o the_o nobility_n wherefore_o the_o overture_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v defer_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o may_v 1697._o they_o choose_v the_o sieur_n belinski_n for_o their_o speaker_n who_o they_o call_v their_o marshal_n the_o chief_a competitor_n be_v at_o first_o crown_n prince_n james_n of_o poland_n and_o his_o brother_n prince_n alexander_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n don_n livio_n odeschalchi_n and_o prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n but_o at_o last_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n unexpected_o come_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n with_o 8000_o man_n and_o declare_v himself_o candidate_n have_v a_o twelvemonth_n before_o private_o abjure_v his_o religion_n to_o qualify_v himself_o for_o this_o crown_n which_o procure_v he_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o clergy_n so_o that_o at_o length_n no_o considerable_a party_n appear_v but_o for_o he_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o prince_n james_n the_o cardinal_n primate_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o palatine_n support_v with_o all_o their_o interest_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n the_o french_a have_v for_o several_a year_n before_o as_o i_o observe_v when_o i_o be_v in_o that_o kingdom_n give_v a_o great_a character_n of_o his_o merit_n and_o valour_n which_o make_v the_o king_n of_o france_n believe_v that_o he_o will_v undoubted_o carry_v that_o crown_n against_o all_o opposer_n as_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v have_v do_v have_v he_o be_v in_o person_n as_o near_o the_o place_n of_o election_n as_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v for_o on_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n be_v the_o day_n of_o election_n the_o diet_n draw_v out_o into_o the_o field_n and_o he_o have_v that_o day_n more_o vote_n than_o either_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n or_o prince_n james_n which_o the_o primate_n observe_v go_v with_o his_o party_n and_o immediate_o proclaim_v he_o king_n but_o the_o two_o other_o party_n know_v this_o can_v not_o be_v legal_o do_v without_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n protest_v against_o it_o as_o illegal_a and_o prince_n james_n perceive_v his_o party_n to_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o have_v always_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n as_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o empress_n and_o queen_n of_o spain_n sister_n resign_v all_o his_o interest_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o be_v likewise_o support_v by_o the_o emperor_n these_o two_o party_n be_v thus_o unite_v into_o one_o be_v more_o numerous_a than_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n wherefore_o come_v next_o day_n into_o the_o field_n they_o get_v the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n after_o the_o primate_n have_v refuse_v it_o to_o proclaim_v 1697._o frederic_n augustus_n elector_n of_o saxony_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o therewith_o and_o to_o desire_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o crown_n all_o this_o while_n the_o primate_n and_o prince_n of_o conti_n party_n stand_v firm_a to_o the_o first_o election_n and_o dispatch_v courier_n into_o france_n to_o desire_v that_o prince_n to_o come_v with_o all_o speed_n into_o poland_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n be_v divide_v count_n jablonowski_n great_a general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n declare_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n prince_n sapieha_n great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n seem_v to_o favour_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n but_o the_o governor_n of_o cracow_n be_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n invite_v he_o and_o his_o army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o capital_a city_n where_o he_o be_v crown_v the_o 15_o of_o september_n poland_n follow_v which_o do_v extreme_o facilitate_v the_o good_a success_n he_o have_v since_o have_v in_o that_o kingdom_n for_o though_o the_o primate_n and_o many_o other_o considerable_a person_n do_v insist_v on_o the_o pretend_a legality_n of_o their_o election_n though_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n himself_o come_v in_o person_n to_o dantzic_n with_o a_o fleet_n vast_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o some_o discipline_v troop_n though_o the_o french_a ambassador_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr polignac_n have_v manage_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o army_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o senator_n with_o great_a art_n and_o policy_n though_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n threaten_v a_o invasion_n to_o support_v his_o election_n and_o though_o the_o hungarian_n make_v a_o insurrection_n in_o their_o country_n to_o divert_v the_o saxon_a force_n yet_o the_o pole_n see_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v actual_o crown_v that_o he_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o metropolis_n cracow_n the_o strong_a town_n in_o poland_n that_o 8000_o of_o his_o discipline_v troop_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o army_n have_v declare_v for_o he_o and_o that_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n threaten_v a_o invasion_n if_o they_o persist_v to_o support_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n they_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o quit_v his_o interest_n than_o to_o give_v occasion_n for_o a_o civil_a war_n for_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v they_o say_v that_o king_n be_v easy_a enough_o to_o be_v have_v without_o shed_v blood_n for_o any_o and_o that_o they_o be_v easy_o depose_v if_o they_o usurp_v any_o great_a authority_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o more_o prudent_a after_o have_v sufficient_o empty_v the_o candidate_n pocket_n to_o declare_v for_o the_o first_o of_o they_o that_o join_v his_o party_n and_o appear_v in_o arm_n since_o he_o be_v deem_v qualify_v than_o to_o expose_v their_o country_n to_o ruin_n and_o devastation_n by_o adhere_v to_o a_o illegal_a election_n of_o which_o the_o success_n be_v always_o doubtful_a for_o by_o their_o constitution_n no_o election_n can_v be_v real_o lawful_a nor_o any_o law_n can_v be_v legal_o make_v without_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o both_o state_n poland_n and_o lithuania_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v full_a intelligence_n of_o the_o posture_n of_o affair_n in_o poland_n do_v not_o think_v it_o politic_a to_o conside_fw-la any_o long_o in_o the_o promise_v of_o the_o great_a man_n who_o in_o that_o country_n be_v natural_o sickle_n and_o biased_a more_o to_o their_o own_o interest_n than_o any_o inclination_n they_o have_v to_o serve_v any_o prince_n for_o they_o have_v no_o other_o notion_n of_o prince_n than_o of_o tool_n to_o raise_v their_o own_o fortune_n by_o wherefore_o this_o prince_n foresee_v no_o probability_n of_o success_n the_o town_n of_o dantzic_n have_v declare_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n he_o think_v it_o more_o prudent_a timely_a to_o quit_v his_o pretension_n by_o sail_v back_o into_o france_n than_o to_o expose_v his_o reputation_n by_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v when_o the_o new_a king_n authority_n be_v more_o confirm_v as_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v at_o present_a king_n frederick_n augustus_n the_o iid_n be_v thus_o leave_v in_o sole_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v likely_a to_o restore_v the_o decay_a state_n thereof_o for_o have_v large_a hereditary_a dominion_n of_o his_o own_o out_o of_o which_o he_o can_v have_v both_o man_n and_o money_n and_o be_v likewise_o natural_o animate_v with_o a_o martial_a spirit_n and_o moreover_o king_n over_o a_o most_o warlike_a nation_n which_o be_v at_o present_a in_o league_n against_o the_o infidel_n with_o the_o emperor_n muscovite_n pope_n and_o venetian_n he_o have_v opportunity_n sufficient_a to_o enlarge_v that_o kingdom_n and_o extend_v it_o to_o its_o ancient_a bound_n the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o retake_v caminiec_n and_o the_o vkrain_n i_o may_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n the_o pole_n have_v elect_v a_o german_a prince_n and_o likewise_o the_o first_o that_o they_o have_v exclude_v their_o king_n son_n for_o from_o the_o year_n 550_o when_o this_o monarchy_n begin_v to_o this_o present_a election_n the_o king_n child_n have_v be_v always_o choose_v and_o the_o crown_n though_o elective_a have_v be_v in_o the_o same_o family_n
be_v lawful_o they_o but_o that_o also_o they_o think_v the_o pole_n oblige_v to_o give_v they_o either_o more_o land_n or_o more_o money_n to_o recompense_v the_o several_a kindness_n they_o have_v do_v pope_n they_o hereupon_o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v this_o order_n and_o the_o pole_n under_o command_n of_o their_o king_n march_v direct_o against_o '_o they_o here_o locticus_n make_v a_o eloquent_a speech_n to_o army_n his_o army_n represent_v the_o many_o affront_v and_o injustice_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o a_o little_a sect_n of_o people_n to_o which_o his_o predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v out_o of_o mere_a goodness_n give_v their_o protection_n when_o banish_v from_o their_o own_o country_n by_o the_o saracen_n then_o he_o enlarge_v upon_o the_o covetousness_n and_o ambition_n of_o this_o order_n and_o conclude_v by_o encourage_v his_o man_n to_o fight_v brave_o and_o not_o suffer_v those_o to_o become_v their_o master_n who_o be_v at_o first_o their_o vassal_n hereupon_o the_o pole_n animate_v by_o this_o speech_n of_o their_o king_n though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o their_o enemy_n yet_o fight_v so_o sierce_o and_o brave_o that_o they_o entire_o rout_v the_o teutonic_n order_n order_n and_o kill_v about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o their_o man_n though_o they_o themselves_o have_v have_v the_o presumption_n to_o affirm_v that_o they_o do_v not_o lose_v above_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o 131._o among_o the_o wound_a there_o be_v one_o florianus_n szari_n knight_n of_o that_o order_n who_o have_v his_o belly_n open_v with_o a_o scymiter_n and_o his_o gut_n drop_v out_o which_o he_o hold_v up_o with_o his_o hand_n the_o king_n pass_v by_o pity_v he_o whereupon_o the_o knight_n say_v to_o he_o sir_n a_o man_n in_o his_o village_n suffer_v more_o than_o i_o do_v when_o he_o have_v bad_a neighbour_n the_o king_n admire_v at_o this_o die_a man_n thought_n immediate_o cause_v his_o surgeon_n to_o take_v care_n of_o he_o and_o when_o he_o be_v well_o give_v he_o land_n that_o have_v no_o bad_a neighbour_n about_o it_o 78._o this_o vladislaus_n it_o seem_v not_o be_v thorough_o satisfy_v with_o premislus_n his_o right_n to_o transmit_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o his_o posterity_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o his_o holiness_n to_o request_v a_o liberty_n for_o himself_o pope_n and_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la to_o be_v crown_v which_o be_v forthwith_o grant_v and_o the_o ceremony_n perform_v in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o other_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o the_o king_n long_o after_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o 1333._o casimir_n the_o great_a succeed_v his_o father_n locticus_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1333_o and_o knight_n reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1370._o he_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n that_o be_v not_o at_o all_o advantageous_a or_o honourable_a to_o the_o polish_v nation_n the_o knight_n be_v thereby_o still_o to_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o prussia_n dantzic_n and_o pomerania_n notwithstanding_o the_o threaten_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n this_o casimir_n have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v the_o last_o male_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n wherefore_o that_o the_o crown_n may_v not_o go_v altogether_o out_o of_o his_o family_n before_o his_o death_n he_o 166._o prevail_v with_o the_o pole_n to_o elect_v charles_n king_n of_o hungary_n his_o own_o sister_n son_n but_o he_o die_v before_o casimir_n his_o son_n lewis_n be_v choose_v the_o pole_n have_v several_a conquest_n time_n conquer_v russia_n but_o it_o be_v never_o enjoy_v peaceable_o till_o casimir_n time_n who_o have_v have_v better_a success_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n annex_v it_o as_o a_o province_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v likewise_o conquer_v by_o he_o and_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n 135._o the_o pole_n have_v never_o hitherto_o any_o write_a law_n and_o but_o very_o few_o make_v deed_n till_o casimir_n begin_v to_o make_v institution_n name_n judge_n create_v magistrate_n build_v fort_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o better_a oeconomy_n in_o the_o kingdom_n than_o any_o prince_n before_o he_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n seem_v very_o rational_a and_o political_a to_o he_o have_v have_v a_o sensible_a experience_n of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o this_o order_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n wherefore_o he_o introduce_v their_o law_n into_o poland_n which_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o and_o be_v call_v the_o magdeburg_n law_n character_n this_o casimir_n be_v a_o very_a lewd_a prince_n but_o withal_o exceed_o liberal_a and_o just_a he_o keep_v a_o jewish_a concubine_n at_o who_o request_n he_o grant_v great_a privilege_n to_o that_o people_n he_o gain_v so_o well_o the_o good_a opinion_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o be_v style_v the_o father_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o a_o great_a many_o 122._o german_n who_o be_v oppress_v by_o their_o own_o prince_n in_o his_o time_n come_v into_o poland_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o inhabit_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n the_o daughter_n of_o boguslaus_fw-la duke_n of_o pomerania_n be_v then_o marry_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n casimir_n celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n with_o great_a splendour_n and_o magnisicence_n at_o cracow_n where_o assist_v lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n sigismond_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o petrua_n king_n of_o cyprus_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o many_o prince_n of_o germany_n poland_n and_o other_o country_n valachia_n at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o republic_n of_o itself_o have_v before_o have_v governor_n which_o they_o call_v hospodar_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o child_n aspire_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n casimir_n send_v a_o army_n to_o support_v war_n they_o but_o by_o a_o ambush_n of_o the_o valachian_n place_v in_o a_o wood_n be_v entire_o defeat_v casimir_n die_v soon_o after_o this_o of_o a_o fall_n from_o his_o death_n horse_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n this_o king_n reign_v thirty_o seven_o year_n and_o live_v sixty_o 102._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v have_v that_o title_n among_o the_o polish_v prince_n not_o because_o he_o have_v gain_v a_o great_a many_o victory_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o beautiful_a structure_n and_o fortress_n he_o have_v build_v as_o likewise_o of_o the_o many_o beneficial_a law_n and_o constituion_n which_o he_o have_v make_v casimir_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n have_v cause_v his_o own_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n 1370._o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n to_o be_v elect_v for_o his_o successor_n during_o his_o life-time_n who_o be_v crown_v according_o in_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o and_o reign_v 12_o year_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o extraordinary_o well_o satisfy_v with_o he_o be_v a_o foreign_a prince_n and_o therefore_o oath_n oblige_v he_o before_o they_o will_v crown_v he_o to_o take_v a_o 13._o oath_n not_o only_o to_o maintain_v their_o former_a privilege_n but_o also_o to_o enlarge_v they_o for_o hitherto_o the_o successor_n of_o piastus_n have_v almost_o have_v a_o absolute_a power_n in_o poland_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o their_o present_a king_n have_v hungary_n after_o some_o time_n lewis_n be_v force_v to_o return_v into_o hungary_n to_o settle_v some_o affair_n there_o when_o he_o leave_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n during_o his_o absence_n to_o his_o mother_n elizabeth_n his_o go_v away_o occasion_v great_a trouble_n for_o the_o russian_n rebel_v and_o the_o lithuanian_n make_v incursion_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n also_o be_v divide_v among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v to_o see_v their_o town_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o hungarian_a garrison_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v so_o much_o displease_v with_o their_o king_n be_v leave_v they_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o mother_n who_o they_o neither_o love_v nor_o esteem_v that_o they_o send_v to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o they_o think_v it_o honour_n enough_o for_o himself_o to_o govern_v poland_n all_o these_o trouble_n and_o distrust_v soon_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o return_v into_o poland_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n of_o hungarian_n where_o he_o first_o march_v war_n against_o the_o rebel_n russian_n and_o subdue_v they_o next_o against_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n soon_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o be_v death_n bury_v at_o belgrade_n in_o hungary_n in_o the_o 56th_o year_n of_o his_o age_n have_v reign_v 12_o year_n he_o issue_n leave_v two_o daughter_n but_o no_o son_n one_o of_o which_o marry_v to_o sigismond_n the_o emperor_n
marry_v to_o ferdinand_n of_o austria_n whereby_o that_o house_n come_v into_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n as_o likewise_o of_o silesia_n all_o which_o it_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n sigismond_n die_v not_o long_o after_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n begin_v be_v 82_o year_n old_a and_o have_v reign_v about_o 40_o with_o great_a success_n paulus_n jovius_n say_v that_o in_o this_o king_n time_n there_o be_v three_o hero_n viz._n the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n and_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n each_o of_o which_o deserve_v alone_o to_o govern_v the_o universe_n have_v they_o not_o happen_v to_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n issue_n this_o king_n be_v as_o famous_a in_o peace_n as_o war_n be_v adorn_v with_o more_o virtue_n than_o any_o prince_n of_o poland_n before_o he_o beside_o which_o perfection_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o have_v also_o great_a strength_n of_o 90._o body_n for_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v accustom_a to_o snap_n horseshoe_n asunder_o and_o to_o have_v break_v the_o strong_a rope_n with_o his_o hand_n only_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n at_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n have_v often_o do_v he_o have_v two_o wife_n barbara_n daughter_n of_o stephen_n woievod_n of_o transilvania_n by_o who_o he_o have_v one_o daughter_n name_v hedwigis_fw-la marry_v to_o joachim_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o another_o wife_n buona_n sforza_n mention_v before_o who_o bring_v he_o four_o daughter_n which_o be_v isabel_n marry_v to_o john_n king_n of_o hungary_n sophia_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n and_o ann_n and_o catherine_n both_o successive_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o one_o son_n sigismond_n augustus_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n christ_n 125._o martin_n bielski_n a_o polander_n who_o write_v the_o annal_n of_o his_o country_n in_o his_o native_a language_n mention_n that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n a_o certain_a gentleman_n name_v james_n melstinski_n starosta_n of_o brezina_n be_v not_o a_o little_a beside_o himself_o pretend_v to_o be_v christ_n descend_v again_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o together_o with_o one_o peter_n zatorski_n a_o citizen_n of_o cracow_n and_o eleven_o other_o of_o the_o same_o stamp_n set_v forward_o through_o divers_a city_n and_o village_n cant_v and_o impose_v upon_o the_o common_a people_n all_o along_o as_o they_o go_v sometime_o he_o pretend_v to_o raise_v the_o deaâ—â—_n which_o he_o seem_o effect_v by_o help_n of_o 〈◊〉_d compact_a with_o some_o of_o his_o fellow_n impostor_n next_o he_o work_v several_a pretend_a miracle_n by_o legerdemain_n as_o by_o find_v thing_n in_o place_n where_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o be_v which_o nevertheless_o he_o have_v prudent_o take_v care_n to_o lay_v there_o before_o as_o fish_n in_o bogs_n and_o the_o like_a afterward_o he_o go_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o cestochow_n where_o it_o seem_v he_o be_v not_o know_v here_o he_o cause_v one_o of_o his_o follower_n to_o pretend_v to_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o devil_n who_o thereupon_o be_v immediate_o seize_v on_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o monk_n to_o the_o altar_n at_o a_o time_n when_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n be_v gather_v together_o to_o hear_v mass_n but_o the_o impostor_n have_v provide_v himself_o a_o large_a coat_n with_o several_a deep_a and_o wind_a plight_n as_o likewise_o of_o divers_a small_a pebble_n which_o he_o have_v wrap_v up_o in_o his_o saâ—â—_n break_v furious_o from_o those_o that_o hold_v he_o and_o immediate_o leap_v upon_o the_o altar_n where_o seize_v upon_o all_o the_o offering_n he_o soon_o convey_v they_o into_o these_o obscure_a fold_n of_o his_o coat_n when_o the_o monk_n go_v to_o search_v he_o with_o great_a violence_n find_v only_o the_o stone_n in_o his_o sash_n which_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o money_n transmute_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o devil_n immediate_o fall_v to_o exorcise_a the_o stone_n but_o find_v the_o same_o species_n still_o remain_v they_o throw_v down_o their_o book_n in_o great_a indignation_n and_o cry_v talem_fw-la daemonem_fw-la nunquam_fw-la experti_fw-la sumus_fw-la abite_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la daemon_n by_o help_v of_o the_o money_n they_o have_v thus_o get_v by_o this_o cheat_n they_o travel_v all_o over_o silesia_n and_o at_o last_o come_v to_o a_o gentleman_n house_n where_o they_o tell_v his_o wife_n that_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n be_v come_v to_o visit_v she_o and_o that_o she_o must_v make_v some_o offer_v and_o her_o soul_n shall_v be_v save_v to_o which_o the_o woman_n reply_v that_o her_o husband_n be_v from_o home_n and_o therefore_o she_o can_v not_o possible_o comply_v with_o their_o request_n whereupon_o they_o demand_v of_o she_o if_o she_o have_v any_o linen_n to_o sacrifice_v she_o answer_v she_o have_v and_o present_o fetch_v they_o down_o a_o small_a parcel_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o her_o hand_n tell_v she_o they_o will_v keep_v that_o for_o themselves_o and_o christ_n shall_v bless_v she_o and_o increase_v her_o store_n whereupon_o inquire_v far_o if_o she_o have_v any_o more_o she_o show_v they_o another_o parcel_n but_o they_o be_v about_o to_o do_v the_o like_a by_o that_o as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o other_o she_o tell_v they_o her_o husband_n not_o be_v within_o she_o dare_v by_o no_o mean_n part_n with_o it_o which_o answer_v displease_v these_o impostor_n they_o privy_o slide_v a_o piece_n of_o light_a coal_n among_o the_o linen_n which_o the_o woman_n not_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o take_v the_o parcel_n and_o lock_v it_o up_o in_o her_o chest_n as_o before_o but_o which_o not_o long_o after_o burst_v out_o into_o a_o flame_n first_o burn_v the_o chest_n and_o then_o the_o house_n the_o husband_n come_v home_o and_o find_v his_o house_n on_o fire_n inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o whereupon_o his_o wife_n answer_v that_o because_o she_o have_v treat_v christ_n disrespectful_o who_o come_v to_o visit_v she_o this_o judgement_n have_v befall_v they_o at_o this_o the_o man_n fly_v out_o into_o a_o passion_n cry_v this_o be_v a_o impostor_n and_o no_o christ_n wherefore_o call_v his_o neighbour_n together_o they_o pursue_v they_o close_o till_o they_o hear_v of_o they_o in_o a_o village_n hard_a by_o which_o the_o false_a saviour_n be_v inform_v of_o say_v to_o that_o apostle_n of_o he_o name_v peter_n peter_n now_o be_v my_o hour_n come_v and_o the_o time_n wherein_o i_o be_o to_o drink_v that_o bitter_a draught_n approach_v which_o i_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o avoid_v but_o by_o leap_v out_o at_o this_o window_n to_o which_o peter_n reply_v i_o also_o will_v follow_v my_o master_n example_n that_o i_o may_v live_v whereupon_o they_o both_o leap_v out_o at_o the_o window_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n flee_v also_o their_o several_a way_n but_o the_o delude_a countryman_n close_o pursue_v they_o at_o length_n overtake_v they_o and_o surround_v they_o with_o club_n scourge_v and_o the_o like_a lay_v they_o on_o most_o unmerciful_o cry_v all_o the_o while_n prophesy_v to_o we_o o_o christ_n with_o thy_o disciple_n in_o what_o wood_n do_v these_o club_n and_o scourge_v grow_v by_o this_o severe_a discipline_n these_o impostor_n have_v be_v total_o reform_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v no_o small_a task_n to_o imitate_v christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n before_o his_o death_n sigismond_n get_v the_o diet_n to_o elect_v his_o son_n 1548._o sigismond_n ii_o surname_v afterward_o augustus_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1548_o and_o reign_v to_o 1576._o etc._n the_o diet_n be_v very_o angry_a diet._n with_o he_o that_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n radzivil_n widow_n to_o a_o woievod_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o this_o queen_n die_v soon_o after_o without_o child_n they_o agree_v to_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n catharine_n another_o widow_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n which_o be_v before_o marry_v to_o francis_n duke_n of_o mantua_n in_o his_o time_n livonia_n which_o be_v a_o great_a province_n that_o lie_v between_o prussia_n swedeland_n muscovy_n and_o lithuania_n whereof_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o part_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n be_v the_o whole_a under_o protection_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v like_a to_o have_v be_v overrun_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o bring_v thither_o a_o powerful_a army_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o take_v most_o of_o its_o to_n whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n find_v they_o be_v not_o able_a alone_o to_o resist_v so_o great_a a_o force_n send_v to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n for_o relief_n who_o be_v
have_v elect_v he_o with_o such_o universal_a affection_n yet_o nothing_o can_v prevail_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o however_o promise_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n in_o france_n he_o will_v return_v among_o they_o and_o moreover_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v extreme_o oblige_v to_o the_o polish_v nation_n for_o their_o kindness_n and_o goodwill_n towards_o he_o hereupon_o the_o senate_n afterward_o fruitless_a send_v two_o ambassador_n into_o france_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o return_v which_o the_o king_n have_v several_a time_n a_o mind_n to_o comply_v with_o for_o he_o love_v that_o nation_n extreme_o well_o but_o his_o french_a subject_n still_o prevail_v upon_o he_o to_o change_v his_o mind_n represent_v to_o he_o the_o many_o danger_n he_o will_v expose_v france_n to_o by_o such_o a_o journey_n thus_o the_o pole_n have_v lose_v all_o hope_n of_o have_v their_o king_n again_o the_o primate_n vchanski_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n the_o four_o of_o november_n follow_v to_o proceed_v to_o a_o new_a election_n where_o two_o prince_n be_v principal_o propose_v which_o election_n be_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n and_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi prince_n of_o transylvania_n but_o they_o can_v never_o unanimous_o agree_v which_o of_o the_o two_o to_o choose_v and_o therefore_o the_o diet_n be_v dissolve_v maximilian_n party_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o he_o be_v choose_v and_o that_o they_o expect_v he_o shall_v speedy_o come_v and_o be_v crown_v while_o batori_n faction_n do_v the_o like_a for_o he_o and_o invite_v he_o to_o come_v forthwith_o into_o poland_n hereupon_o 1577._o batori_n make_v more_o haste_n than_o the_o emperor_n to_o comply_v with_o their_o request_n for_o he_o immediate_o leave_v transylvania_n and_o pass_v through_o valachia_n and_o russia_n quick_o arrive_v at_o cracow_n where_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1577_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o crown_v by_o karnkovius_n bishop_n of_o vladislaw_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v for_o maximilian_n who_o yet_o afterward_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v undergo_v a_o siege_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o lowitz_n quiet_o submit_v to_o batori_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o emperor_n be_v more_o slow_a resolve_v to_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o dispute_v his_o right_n but_o his_o party_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o every_o day_n at_o length_n the_o senate_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o his_o slowness_n and_o indifference_n have_v supersede_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v give_v to_o he_o that_o arrive_v first_o hereupon_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n order_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o forthwith_o determine_v to_o go_v for_o poland_n himself_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o dangerous_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v octob._n 12._o batori_fw-mi it_o be_v true_a be_v chief_o indebt_v to_o his_o merit_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o family_n of_o zborowski_n be_v not_o a_o little_a assist_v to_o he_o occasion_v by_o his_o civil_a reception_n of_o one_o samuel_n of_o that_o family_n who_o have_v be_v banish_v his_o country_n for_o strike_v john_n teczynski_n castellan_n of_o wounitz_n in_o the_o king_n court._n whereupon_o samuel_n employ_v all_o his_o interest_n for_o batori_n for_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n he_o write_v to_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n to_o vote_n for_o that_o prince_n but_o it_o be_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o polander_n never_o to_o think_v themselves_o sufficient_o recompense_v after_o they_o have_v do_v a_o service_n batori_n though_o he_o seek_v all_o he_o can_v to_o oblige_v that_o family_n yet_o can_v not_o keep_v they_o from_o prove_v his_o most_o inveterate_a enemy_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o their_o humour_n which_o not_o long_o after_o cost_v 340._o samuel_n his_o life_n by_o a_o formal_a proceed_v in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n rise_n batori_fw-mi be_v first_o as_o i_o find_v he_o a_o private_a gentleman_n in_o transylvania_n but_o at_o length_n by_o his_o merit_n and_o valour_n come_v to_o have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n for_o he_o be_v once_o send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o emperor_n court_n where_o he_o manage_v affair_n to_o the_o satisfaction_n and_o advantage_n of_o both_o party_n so_o that_o after_o prince_n john_n sigismond_n son_n to_o the_o sister_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o of_o poland_n die_v they_o elect_v he_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n after_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o karnkouski_n who_o he_o make_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o endeavour_v to_o appease_v the_o disorder_n among_o the_o great_a people_n and_o to_o win_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o malcontent_n which_o at_o last_o he_o effect_v by_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n marriage_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o and_o sister_n to_o sigismond_n ii_o by_o who_o he_o have_v no_o child_n reduce_v etc._n about_o this_o time_n the_o emperor_n foment_v a_o sedition_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dantzic_n which_o induce_v they_o to_o refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o batori_n and_o moreover_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n have_v declare_v they_o rebel_n their_o army_n be_v soon_o defeat_v and_o town_n besiege_v and_o at_o last_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o comply_v by_o mediation_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n and_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o war_n be_v that_o the_o citizen_n of_o dantzic_n pretend_v not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o treaty_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o both_o justice_n 306._o hitherto_o there_o be_v no_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n all_o difference_n be_v decide_v by_o the_o king_n and_o council_n but_o the_o gentry_n find_v this_o way_n of_o procedure_v too_o tedious_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o too_o burdensome_a to_o the_o king_n obtain_v leave_v of_o batori_n to_o erect_v two_o court_n of_o judicature_n which_o they_o common_o call_v tribunal_n one_o at_o petricovia_n and_o the_o other_o at_o lublin_n where_o all_o civil_a cause_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v absolute_o without_o any_o appeal_n to_o court_n unless_o upon_o any_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o state_n in_o which_o case_n the_o last_o decision_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n together_o etc._n this_o king_n be_v more_o severe_a in_o his_o punishment_n than_o the_o polish_v law_n allow_v yet_o he_o molest_v none_o on_o account_n of_o religion_n always_o affirm_v that_o three_o thing_n god_n have_v whole_o reserve_v to_o himself_o which_o be_v to_o make_v something_o out_o of_o nothing_o to_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v and_o to_o govern_v and_o direct_v conscience_n this_o prince_n like_a sigismond_n i._o very_o much_o encourage_v speak_v latin_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v often_o to_o the_o gentleman_n son_n discite_fw-la isatinè_n nam_fw-la unum_fw-la ex_fw-la vobis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la faciam_fw-la mosci_fw-la pan_n a_o great_a lord_n whereby_o the_o youth_n be_v all_o in_o hope_n practise_v that_o language_n with_o great_a diligence_n which_o very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o the_o increase_n of_o art_n and_o science_n in_o this_o kingdom_n when_o sigismond_n i._o send_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n his_o ambassador_n to_o vienna_n the_o emperor_n be_v surprise_v to_o hear_v even_o the_o polish_v coachman_n speak_v latin_a fluent_o also_o after_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n when_o ambassador_n be_v send_v to_o bring_v henry_n of_o valois_n into_o poland_n the_o french_a wonder_v that_o not_o one_o of_o all_o their_o train_n but_o speak_v this_o language_n with_o great_a address_n this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v like_a to_o have_v be_v overrun_v by_o the_o muscovite_n for_o they_o have_v so_o great_a advantage_n over_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o take_v several_a town_n from_o they_o in_o a_o dutchy_n of_o severia_n smolensko_n and_o lithuania_n in_o these_o war_n the_o muscovite_n be_v war_n not_o a_o little_a politic_a for_o they_o take_v occasion_n to_o invade_v the_o pole_n either_o when_o they_o have_v war_n abroad_o or_o disturbance_n at_o home_n but_o at_o last_o king_n batori_n have_v appease_v his_o own_o intestine_a jar_n and_o make_v peace_n with_o his_o neighbour_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o a_o general_a diet_n declare_v war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pour_v in_o upon_o they_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o success_n that_o in_o three_o year_n time_n he_o retook_a all_o his_o own_o town_n and_o beside_o carry_v the_o
mean_n be_v rate_v much_o low_a than_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n can_v have_v expect_v for_o although_o it_o be_v urge_v to_o sigismond_n that_o as_o charles_n the_o vth_o deal_v former_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n on_o the_o like_a occasion_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n pay_v down_o suitable_a to_o the_o great_a quality_n of_o his_o prisoner_n yet_o sigismond_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v term_n to_o no_o purpose_n to_o propose_v charles_n the_o vth_o as_o a_o example_n in_o this_o case_n since_o that_o prince_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o a_o action_n unbecoming_a his_o grandeur_n when_o for_o his_o part_n he_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o it_o sufficient_a advantage_n to_o have_v get_v the_o better_a of_o his_o enemy_n unless_o he_o likewise_o have_v the_o glory_n to_o give_v he_o his_o liberty_n and_o not_o to_o make_v he_o buy_v it_o by_o this_o mediation_n maximilian_n be_v to_o quit_v for_o ever_o his_o title_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n to_o restore_v some_o place_n which_o have_v be_v surrender_v to_o he_o and_o to_o remain_v in_o a_o perpetual_a amity_n with_o poland_n to_o all_o which_o the_o emperor_n his_o brother_n be_v make_v guarantee_n but_o although_o these_o condition_n be_v so_o very_o reasonable_a yet_o maximilian_n will_v not_o ratify_v they_o till_o 1589._o wherefore_o his_o wilfulness_n detain_v he_o in_o prison_n dissent_v till_o that_o time_n when_o he_o escape_v 〈◊〉_d to_o his_o parole_n of_o honour_n nevertheless_o he_o be_v afterward_o bring_v to_o sign_v they_o by_o the_o power_n consent_n his_o brother_n have_v over_o he_o marriage_n etc._n sigismond_n iii_o be_v first_o marry_v to_o ann_n daughter_n of_o charles_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o after_o her_o death_n to_o constantia_n her_o sister_n by_o both_o which_o he_o have_v three_o son_n vladislaus_n by_o the_o former_a and_o casimir_n and_o ferdinand_n by_o the_o latter_a the_o two_o first_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n his_o father_n be_v dead_a he_o go_v into_o swedeland_n and_o be_v there_o 1592._o likewise_o crown_v king_n of_o that_o country_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o on_o condition_n that_o every_o five_o year_n he_o shall_v come_v and_o reign_v over_o sweden_n in_o person_n but_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o long_a war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n turk_n and_o tartar_n he_o can_v not_o be_v spare_v in_o fifteen_o year_n and_o therefore_o send_v a_o senate_n of_o jesuit_n to_o govern_v they_o and_o suppress_v the_o lutherah_n doctrine_n which_o be_v then_o mighty_o spread_v in_o that_o country_n 105._o here_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o king_n mother_n catherine_n strict_o adhere_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n by_o the_o permission_n of_o her_o husband_n john_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o also_o lean_v a_o little_a that_o way_n whereupon_o when_o sigismund_n tutor_n arnold_n grothusius_n will_v have_v seduce_v he_o from_o that_o persuasion_n his_o father_n john_n be_v in_o a_o great_a passion_n and_o draw_v his_o sword_n upon_o the_o tutor_n cry_v i_o will_v have_v my_o son_n educate_v in_o hope_n of_o both_o kingdom_n mean_v his_o own_o and_o that_o of_o poland_n these_o jesuit_n the_o king_n order_v to_o be_v receive_v with_o the_o same_o honour_n as_o if_o he_o himself_o have_v come_v in_o person_n at_o which_o the_o swede_n be_v grievous_o nettle_v sink_v they_o in_o the_o harbour_n of_o stockholm_n in_o the_o ship_n that_o bring_v sweden_n they_o from_o dantzic_n and_o immediate_o thereupon_o proclaim_v charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n sigismund_n uncle_n their_o king_n who_o have_v embrace_v lutheranism_n some_o time_n before_o and_o which_o the_o swede_n have_v profess_v ever_o since_o this_o occasion_v bloody_a war_n between_o these_o two_o nation_n but_o sigismond_n be_v likewise_o engage_v with_o other_o country_n be_v force_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o dishonourable_a truce_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o war_n king_n charles_n ix_o take_v a_o great_a many_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n in_o livonia_n most_o of_o which_o be_v afterward_o retake_v by_o the_o polish_v general_n and_o chancellor_n zamoski_n beside_o this_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v vanquish_v in_o a_o great_a battle_n fight_v near_o kirckholm_n and_o riga_n where_o he_o narrow_o escape_v himself_o but_o some_o intestine_a division_n arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n of_o poland_n he_o get_v time_n to_o recover_v breath_n muscovite_n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o pole_n and_o muscovite_n be_v this_o a_o certain_a person_n come_v into_o poland_n pretend_v to_o be_v demetrius_n son_n to_o john_n basilowitz_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o that_o he_o be_v to_o have_v be_v murder_v by_o order_n of_o boris_n gudenow_n afterward_o grand_a duke_n who_o hope_v thereby_o to_o secure_v the_o succession_n after_o the_o death_n of_o theodore_n elder_a son_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n but_o that_o another_o have_v be_v kill_v in_o his_o stead_n hereupon_o he_o find_v so_o great_a encouragement_n from_o george_n mniszeck_n palatin_n of_o sendomir_n that_o he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o he_o and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o other_o polish_v lord_n gather_v together_o a_o great_a army_n and_o march_v with_o demetrius_n into_o muscovy_n when_o boris_n gudenow_n then_o grand_a duke_n happen_v to_o die_v sudden_o he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o proclaim_v czar_n in_o moscow_n hereupon_o he_o send_v into_o poland_n for_o his_o bride_n but_o while_o the_o nuptial_n be_v celebrate_v in_o moscow_n the_o people_n suspect_v he_o to_o be_v a_o impostor_n gather_v together_o raise_v a_o tumult_n and_o attack_v the_o castle_n where_o they_o cut_v to_o piece_n demetrius_n with_o most_o of_o the_o pole_n that_o come_v along_o with_o he_o and_o his_o bride_n and_o take_v her_o prisoner_n then_o basilius_n suski_n descend_v from_o the_o grand_a duke_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n have_v get_v together_o about_o â—â—0000_n man_n be_v proclaim_v czar_n immediate_o after_o which_o a_o rumour_n be_v spread_v abroad_o that_o demetrius_n have_v escape_v though_o suski_n have_v take_v care_n to_o expose_v his_o body_n to_o view_v which_o be_v so_o mangle_v that_o none_o can_v know_v he_o and_o a_o person_n pretend_v to_o be_v he_o the_o pole_n acknowledge_v he_o as_o such_o whereupon_o they_o together_o with_o the_o cosack_v assist_v this_o person_n to_o recover_v his_o pretend_a right_n and_o several_a time_n beat_v suski_n and_o oblige_v he_o to_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o captive_a bride_n she_o also_o acknowledge_v this_o demetrius_n for_o her_o husband_n but_o whether_o he_o be_v real_o so_o or_o not_o can_v never_o yet_o be_v determine_v sigismond_n lay_v hold_v of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o try_v at_o least_o whether_o he_o can_v recover_v smolensko_n and_o severia_n whereupon_o he_o besiege_v the_o former_a in_o the_o year_n 1609_o but_o can_v not_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o till_o the_o year_n 1611_o when_o he_o take_v it_o by_o storm_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n who_o have_v hitherto_o side_v with_o demetrius_n be_v recall_v by_o sigismond_n who_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a that_o so_o considerable_a a_o part_n of_o his_o force_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o another_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o this_o army_n suski_n have_v leisure_n to_o recover_v himself_o whereupon_o with_o the_o assistance_n send_v he_o out_o of_o sweden_n he_o march_v direct_o against_o the_o pole_n who_o then_o be_v besiege_v smolensko_n but_o be_v shameful_o defeat_v by_o they_o near_o clusin_n by_o this_o overthrow_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o muscovite_n be_v again_o in_o a_o very_a dangerous_a condition_n wherefore_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n they_o resolve_v to_o depose_v suski_n who_o by_o his_o misfortune_n become_v odious_a to_o they_o and_o to_o offer_v their_o crown_n to_o vladislaus_n sigismund_n son_n this_o suski_n be_v afterward_o surrender_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o die_v at_o warsaw_n in_o prison_n whereupon_o vladislaus_n march_v towards_o that_o country_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n in_o the_o year_n 1610_o and_o they_o hear_v of_o it_o think_v he_o come_v rather_o to_o conquer_v than_o accept_v their_o crown_n unanimous_o revolt_v against_o he_o especial_o when_o they_o hear_v that_o demetrius_n have_v be_v murder_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v his_o guard_n hereupon_o prince_n vladislaus_n his_o expedition_n be_v make_v to_o no_o purpose_n he_o be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o muscovite_n for_o fourteen_o year_n whereby_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n shall_v keep_v in_o their_o possession_n the_o several_a dukedom_n of_o severia_n zernikow_n and_o novogrod_n which_o they_o have_v take_v during_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o muscovy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n george_n farenbach_n surrender_v several_a place_n in_o
though_o they_o have_v succeed_v so_o very_o ill_o he_o do_v not_o desire_v the_o crown_n for_o himself_o but_o for_o his_o young_a son_n prince_n philip._n this_o duke_n make_v the_o like_a proffer_v for_o his_o son_n as_o he_o have_v do_v for_o himself_o at_o the_o precede_a diet._n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n solicit_v powerful_o on_o his_o part_n and_o zeal_n the_o queen_n dowager_n have_v pawn_v even_o her_o jewel_n to_o augment_v his_o party_n but_o a_o false_a report_n of_o which_o some_o letter_n from_o rome_n give_v the_o occasion_n be_v intend_v to_o frustrate_v all_o his_o endeavour_n it_o be_v report_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o empress_n dowager_n every_o body_n know_v the_o obligation_n he_o have_v to_o that_o princess_n and_o how_o she_o grant_v he_o protection_n and_o make_v the_o emperor_n his_o friend_n after_o he_o have_v be_v deprive_v of_o his_o patrimony_n by_o france_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o queen_n dowager_n still_o continue_v her_o esteem_n for_o he_o and_o soon_o dissipate_v the_o rumour_n raise_v against_o he_o by_o which_o she_o bring_v over_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o seem_v altogether_o to_o have_v forsake_v the_o interest_n she_o have_v before_o engage_v they_o in_o leave_v at_o length_n the_o number_n of_o competitor_n be_v reduce_v to_o three_o in_o favour_n of_o who_o as_o many_o faction_n be_v form_v all_o which_o threaten_v have_v consequence_n the_o first_o faction_n be_v that_o of_o lithuania_n head_v by_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n who_o declare_v for_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o whilst_o patz_n be_v discourse_v with_o sobieski_n grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n at_o the_o camp_n of_o choczin_n sobieski_n say_v that_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o choose_v a_o king_n that_o be_v rich_a valiant_a and_o not_o young_a to_o which_o patz_n add_v and_o who_o above_o all_o be_v not_o marry_v this_o sufficient_o show_v that_o whether_o the_o french_a prince_n or_o sobieski_n be_v propose_v it_o will_v be_v no_o small_a difficulty_n to_o obtain_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o will_v have_v no_o king_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o marry_v after_o his_o election_n the_o second_o faction_n be_v that_o of_o the_o polish_v gentry_n which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o considerable_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v divide_v one_o part_n be_v for_o a_o piasto_n and_o two_o other_o for_o the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n the_o army_n compose_v the_o three_o faction_n which_o be_v the_o most_o to_o be_v fear_v general_n sobieki_n propose_v the_o french_a prince_n but_o in_o reality_n work_v underhand_o for_o himself_o france_n employ_v its_o interest_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o espouse_n neuburg_n look_v upon_o he_o as_o less_o engage_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n than_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n who_o be_v indebt_v to_o that_o family_n for_o all_o he_o either_o have_v or_o can_v expect_v if_o this_o french_a prince_n have_v be_v but_o name_v when_o he_o be_v put_v up_o doubtless_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v ruin_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o german_n for_o who_o the_o republic_n never_o have_v any_o kindness_n who_o consequent_o may_v have_v save_v themselves_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruitless_a charge_n have_v they_o never_o think_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a their_o ambition_n have_v all_o along_o hitherto_o surmount_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o reason_n train_n the_o gentry_n arrive_v at_o the_o diet_n one_o after_o another_o with_o their_o follower_n but_o however_o none_o have_v any_o thing_n like_o the_o train_n of_o the_o two_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o lithuania_n their_o party_n seem_v too_o numerous_a to_o assist_v at_o a_o diet_n where_o there_o be_v so_o much_o freedom_n as_o in_o that_o of_o poland_n nevertheless_o sobieski_n must_v be_v indulge_v consider_v the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o state_n and_o common_a justice_n require_v the_o same_o liberty_n for_o the_o lithuanian_n these_o two_o general_n no_o doubt_n have_v different_a intention_n sobieski_n apparent_o seek_v the_o crown_n from_o himself_o and_o patz_n his_o design_n be_v to_o hinder_v he_o from_o obtain_v it_o both_o have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o come_v to_o blow_n but_o it_o seem_v fate_n have_v order_v it_o otherwise_o though_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n be_v with_o a_o army_n on_o the_o border_n of_o silesia_n to_o animate_v his_o friend_n native_a the_o lithuanian_n who_o plain_o perceive_v that_o sobieski_n aim_v at_o the_o crown_n omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v prove_v a_o mean_n to_o exclude_v he_o from_o it_o they_o therefore_o endeavour_v all_o they_o can_v to_o raise_v ill_a thought_n of_o a_o piasto_n and_o proclaim_v those_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n who_o be_v not_o of_o their_o opinion_n this_o be_v think_v so_o very_o unjust_a that_o most_o of_o the_o diet_n protest_v against_o it_o and_o that_o with_o so_o great_a indignation_n that_o there_o will_v doubtless_o have_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o blood_n shed_v have_v not_o the_o great_a prudence_n of_o sapieha_n grand_a treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n and_o marshal_n of_o the_o diet_n intercept_v and_o appease_v their_o fury_n the_o first_o that_o have_v audience_n of_o this_o assembly_n admit_v be_v francis_n bonvisius_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o desire_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o holiness_n to_o elect_v a_o catholic_n prince_n next_o christopher_n count_n of_o schafgot_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n recommend_v the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n as_o likewise_o do_v the_o bishop_n of_o marseilles_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o minister_n of_o these_o two_o competitor_n make_v almost_o the_o same_o proffer_v as_o they_o have_v former_o do_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o beforementioned_a different_a faction_n do_v not_o forsake_v the_o interest_n of_o those_o who_o party_n they_o have_v espouse_v for_o that_o of_o sobieski_n continue_v to_o insist_v in_o all_o outward_a appearance_n on_o the_o anonymous_n french_a prince_n who_o character_n have_v procure_v he_o a_o great_a many_o suffrage_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o great_a chancellor_n patz_n though_o not_o so_o strong_a yet_o be_v not_o a_o whit_n less_o constant_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o duke_n of_o lorain_n both_o these_o remain_v apprehend_v so_o obstinate_a in_o their_o pretension_n give_v great_a reason_n to_o apprehend_v a_o double_a election_n which_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o more_o prudent_a sort_n to_o represent_v the_o great_a disorder_n that_o have_v ensue_v from_o thence_o in_o the_o precede_a election_n of_o the_o king_n batori_fw-mi and_o sigismond_n but_o this_o with_o little_a or_o no_o effect_n these_o contest_v and_o heat_n occasion_v the_o diet_n to_o be_v prolong_v to_o the_o 19_o the_o of_o may._n the_o senate_n depute_v four_o or_o five_o bishop_n to_o the_o queen_n to_o acquaint_v she_o that_o if_o her_o majesty_n will_v please_v to_o forsake_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n they_o have_v order_n to_o offer_v her_o prince_n philip_n of_o neuburg_n for_o her_o husband_n together_o with_o the_o crown_n these_o minister_n the_o queen_n receive_v very_o civil_o and_o thank_v the_o senate_n for_o their_o kindness_n to_o she_o but_o withal_o insinuate_v that_o she_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o seduce_v they_o be_v yet_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o election_n since_o her_o friend_n the_o lithuanian_n have_v not_o forsake_v she_o the_o same_o prelate_n perceive_v the_o unalterable_a resolution_n of_o the_o queen_n go_v in_o quest_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n who_o they_o also_o find_v firm_a in_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n interest_n which_o yet_o they_o can_v not_o but_o commend_v in_o he_o he_o have_v have_v great_a obligation_n to_o the_o queen_n war._n the_o next_o day_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n meet_v again_o each_o party_n resolve_v to_o maintain_v what_o they_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v perceive_v that_o sobieski_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o make_v himself_o head_n of_o the_o election_n and_o therefore_o the_o other_o side_n have_v thought_n of_o join_v the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n army_n but_o this_o make_v all_o man_n tremble_v who_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a at_o last_o the_o palatin_n of_o russia_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o assembly_n represent_v that_o the_o queen_n have_v refuse_v a_o husband_n which_o the_o government_n have_v proffer_v she_o the_o republic_n have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v with_o she_o and_o that_o they_o have_v do_v but_o too_o much_o already_o for_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o germany_n neither_o of_o which_o have_v ever_o do_v they_o any_o service_n that_o notwithstanding_o
the_o opposition_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o do_v but_o dishonour_v their_o country_n by_o exclude_v a_o piasto_n yet_o they_o ought_v to_o choose_v one_o to_o show_v the_o world_n that_o if_o their_o ancestor_n have_v not_o do_v the_o like_a often_o it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o avoid_v the_o jealousy_n which_o will_v have_v arisen_a between_o so_o many_o subject_n that_o deserve_v the_o crown_n and_o that_o since_o now_o there_o be_v one_o present_n who_o merit_n be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v they_o ought_v forthwith_o to_o elect_v he_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o name_n john_n sobieski_n with_o this_o character_n that_o his_o life_n have_v be_v entire_o devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n which_o even_o while_o he_o be_v speak_v peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o late_a victory_n at_o chocim_fw-la and_o further_o that_o this_o present_a happiness_n be_v but_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o what_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v for_o his_o country_n and_o last_o that_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o sobieski_n out_o of_o mere_a gratitude_n and_o acknowledgement_n since_o it_o be_v through_o his_o mean_n that_o they_o sit_v there_o and_o have_v a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o speech_n the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n be_v influence_v by_o what_o their_o palatin_n have_v say_v immediate_o declare_v for_o sobieski_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o their_o province_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o poland_n soon_o follow_v their_o example_n together_o with_o some_o palatinate_v of_o lithuania_n bring_v over_o by_o the_o management_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n vicechancellor_n of_o that_o duchy_n every_o one_o be_v forward_o to_o deserve_v favour_n from_o one_o who_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v for_o their_o prince_n dissent_v the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v high_o displease_v at_o all_o these_o proceed_n leave_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o heat_n and_o together_o with_o his_o friend_n march_v out_o of_o the_o field_n about_o nine_o at_o night_n no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o bring_v he_o back_o hereupon_o he_o immediate_o enter_v protest_v against_o this_o election_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o any_o king_n to_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o common_a consent_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 20_o the_o of_o may_n the_o lithuanian_n return_v into_o the_o field_n but_o retire_v after_o have_v make_v their_o protestation_n against_o this_o election_n whereupon_o several_a senator_n and_o nuncio_n be_v send_v to_o recall_a they_o but_o their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o be_v go_v to_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o will_v inform_v they_o of_o their_o resolution_n by_o their_o deputy_n the_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n who_o have_v espouse_v sobieski_n interest_n forthwith_o command_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o this_o prelate_n decline_v wise_o foresee_v the_o disorder_n so_o rash_a a_o election_n may_v occasion_v and_o which_o may_v probable_o end_v in_o a_o civil_a war._n lithuania_n the_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n arrive_v a_o little_a while_n after_o whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n brother_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n deliver_v the_o message_n give_v sobieski_n the_o title_n only_o of_o grand_a marshal_n yet_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v his_o vote_n for_o he_o but_o desire_v the_o proclaim_v he_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o next_o day_n to_o the_o end_n the_o lithuanian_n may_v assist_v at_o it_o and_o thereby_o the_o election_n become_v unanimous_a which_o request_v of_o his_o be_v ready_o grant_v whereupon_o the_o 21_o st_z of_o may_n andrew_n trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o preside_v at_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o primate_n czartoriski_n just_a then_o decease_v which_o happen_v very_o well_o for_o sobieski_n the_o primate_n have_v be_v no_o friend_n of_o his_o go_v with_o the_o senator_n before_o the_o new_a prince_n to_o the_o place_n of_o election_n where_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n with_o their_o general_n patz_n at_o their_o head_n who_o be_v too_o politic_a not_o to_o assist_v there_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n john_n sobieski_n be_v soon_o after_o proclaim_v 1674._o and_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v to_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o warsaw_n end_v the_o day_n with_o usual_a acclamation_n and_o rejoice_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n though_o none_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a nor_o rich_a in_o the_o kingdom_n his_o father_n father_n james_n sobieski_n be_v castellan_n of_o cracovia_n a_o person_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o his_o ability_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n than_o renown_v for_o his_o courage_n and_o conduct_n in_o the_o field_n he_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o as_o ambassador_n and_o plenipotentiary_n upon_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o by_o his_o prudence_n and_o address_n be_v honourable_o conclude_v with_o sultan_n osman_n he_o distinguish_v himself_o likewise_o on_o many_o other_o important_a occasion_n and_o after_o several_a other_o great_a service_n faithful_o perform_v for_o his_o country_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1646._o mother_n his_o mother_n be_v one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o stanislaus_n zolkiewski_n grand_a chancellor_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o brave_o fight_v that_o memorable_a battle_n at_o cicora_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n 1620_o and_o though_o he_o be_v again_o five_o time_n attack_v by_o the_o turk_n on_o the_o 2d_o of_o october_n in_o the_o same_o year_n yet_o he_o gallant_o repulse_v they_o till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_v with_o number_n and_o forsake_v by_o his_o follower_n he_o be_v slay_v courageous_o fight_v among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o his_o enemy_n travel_n this_o prince_n be_v careful_o educate_v by_o his_o parent_n in_o his_o youth_n and_o send_v to_o travel_v into_o france_n where_o his_o father_n buy_v he_o a_o captain_n of_o horse_n commission_n which_o gain_v he_o great_a experience_n he_o also_o travel_v into_o england_n germany_n and_o italy_n where_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o different_a manner_n interest_n law_n military_a discipline_n strength_n and_o policy_n of_o those_o people_n and_o in_o a_o word_n all_o else_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o learn_v in_o his_o travel_n he_o at_o last_o return_v home_o when_o casimir_n after_o several_a trial_n both_o of_o his_o valour_n and_o discretion_n and_o admire_v at_o his_o great_a merit_n and_o quick_a part_n which_o he_o have_v improve_v so_o well_o both_o in_o language_n science_n and_o military_a accomplishment_n make_v he_o first_o a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o afterward_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o from_o thence_o advance_v he_o gradual_o through_o all_o the_o post_n of_o his_o army_n till_o he_o arrive_v at_o be_v grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o room_n of_o lubomirski_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o room_n of_o potoski_n he_o behave_v himself_o in_o all_o these_o employment_n with_o that_o courage_n and_o prudence_n as_o become_v a_o soldier_n and_o be_v repute_v the_o hero_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n marriage_n he_o marry_v mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n daughter_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o arquien_v not_o long_o since_o make_v cardinal_n of_o the_o family_n of_o la_fw-fr grange_n in_o nivernois_n in_o france_n she_o by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o king_n casimir_n queen_n to_o who_o she_o be_v maid_n of_o honour_n be_v first_o marry_v to_o prince_n zamoiski_n one_o of_o the_o great_a palatine_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n sobieski_n by_o who_o she_o have_v several_a child_n and_o among_o the_o â—â—est_n three_o hopeful_a prince_n the_o elder_a of_o which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v brother-in-law_n to_o the_o emperor_n king_n of_o spain_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n by_o marry_v one_o of_o the_o princess_n of_o neuburgh_n this_o prince_n be_v not_o crown_v till_o above_o fifteen_o month_n after_o his_o election_n during_o which_o time_n he_o gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o force_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n at_o zorowna_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o remit_v the_o yearly_a tribute_n stipulate_v for_o by_o king_n michael_n but_o be_v still_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o caminiec_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v please_v generosity_n to_o promise_v of_o his_o own_o free_a will_n and_o motion_n that_o the_o queen-dowager_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_o to_o her_o high_a quality_n and_o extraordinary_a merit_n as_o also_o that_o the_o arrear_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v
part_n of_o the_o body_n desire_v to_o know_v what_o be_v proper_o death_n the_o school_n divinity_n maintain_v that_o death_n be_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n from_o the_o body_n i_o own_a indeed_o that_o in_o death_n the_o soul_n be_v actual_o separate_v from_o the_o body_n but_o i_o can_v not_o allow_v that_o that_o separation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cessation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o of_o the_o spirit_n which_o cessation_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n since_o these_o dont_fw-fr at_o all_o depend_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o but_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n and_o fluid_n of_o the_o body_n which_o lose_v their_o due_a disposition_n and_o their_o mutual_a correspondence_n with_o one_o another_o all_o their_o action_n cease_v which_o cessation_n be_v proper_o call_v death_n so_o that_o the_o soul_n find_v they_o incapable_a of_o receive_v its_o influence_n and_o of_o obey_v its_o command_n quit_v the_o body_n after_o it_o be_v dead_a by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o proper_o the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o separation_n the_o king_n himself_o illustrate_v this_o opinion_n with_o a_o familiar_a example_n of_o a_o organ_n and_o a_o organist_n while_o the_o organ_n be_v in_o their_o due_a order_n and_o symmetry_n the_o organist_n play_v upon_o they_o but_o when_o by_o length_n of_o time_n they_o be_v either_o break_v use_v too_o much_o or_o any_o other_o way_n quite_o put_v out_o of_o tune_n he_o leave_v off_o play_v on_o they_o this_o discourse_n my_o lord_n hold_v from_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n till_o seven_o and_o the_o divine_n be_v extreme_o warm_a in_o it_o and_o some_o of_o they_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o tell_v the_o king_n that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v not_o suffer_v such_o heretical_a opinion_n as_o they_o call_v they_o to_o be_v introduce_v before_o such_o a_o great_a assembly_n contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n this_o discourse_n cause_v a_o great_a many_o other_o matter_n to_o be_v talk_v on_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o long_o to_o inform_v your_o lordship_n by_o this_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v how_o fond_a the_o divine_n be_v of_o their_o old_a opinion_n rely_v upon_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n who_o we_o can_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o thorough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o structure_n spring_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o humane_a body_n nor_o indeed_o with_o all_o other_o natural_a cause_n as_o the_o modern_a physician_n be_v yet_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o the_o divine_n not_o only_o in_o poland_n but_o in_o spain_n italy_n and_o in_o most_o other_o country_n where_o their_o power_n be_v very_o great_a not_o to_o let_v any_o opinion_n creep_v in_o among_o they_o that_o will_v seem_v to_o contradict_v those_o of_o aristotle_n for_o have_v build_v their_o system_n of_o divinity_n upon_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o pagan_a philosopher_n they_o be_v just_o afraid_a that_o if_o experience_n and_o reason_n shall_v shake_v the_o foundation_n the_o superstructure_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n as_o doubtless_o it_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n building_n this_o king_n build_v several_a fine_a house_n both_o in_o russia_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o three_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n a_o neat_a country_n house_n call_v villa_n nova_n very_o rich_o furnish_v he_o have_v have_v several_a natural_a child_n but_o take_v no_o care_n of_o any_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o customary_a in_o poland_n to_o have_v that_o consideration_n for_o they_o as_o there_o be_v in_o other_o country_n but_o he_o leave_v vast_a riches_n to_o his_o lawful_a child_n and_o make_v a_o motion_n in_o the_o diet_n five_o child_n or_o six_o year_n before_o he_o die_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n on_o one_o of_o they_o he_o tell_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o disorder_n that_o usual_o happen_v in_o election_n after_o the_o king_n death_n that_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o tartar_n take_v then_o opportunity_n to_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o country_n and_o ravage_v all_o before_o they_o that_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v general_o divide_v head_a by_o faction_n and_o biased_a by_o self-interest_n against_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o prevent_v all_o those_o dangerous_a broil_n before_o he_o die_v out_o of_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n but_o the_o diet_n find_v that_o his_o private_a design_n be_v to_o get_v one_o of_o his_o son_n elect_v answer_v that_o they_o hope_v that_o his_o majesty_n will_v live_v yet_o a_o long_a while_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v a_o long_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o great_a moment_n which_o the_o king_n see_v it_o be_v a_o civil_a way_n of_o refuse_v to_o enter_v upon_o that_o subject_a never_o after_o intimate_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o like_o it_o but_o take_v all_o possible_a care_n to_o enrich_v his_o child_n in_o case_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v elect_v after_o his_o death_n it_o be_v exact_o compute_v to_o i_o that_o he_o lay_v up_o every_o year_n for_o above_o twenty_o year_n 100000_o l._n sterl_n which_o riches_n he_o leave_v partly_o in_o banker_n hand_n at_o dantzick_n hamburgh_n and_o amsterdam_n and_o put_v the_o rest_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o trade_v with_o it_o beside_o he_o buy_v great_a territory_n in_o the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n so_o that_o his_o three_o son_n james_n alexander_n and_o constantino_n if_o they_o manage_v their_o affair_n right_a may_v be_v worth_a each_o above_o 50000_o l._n sterling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o law_n in_o poland_n to_o divide_v equal_o the_o estate_n among_o the_o child_n poland_n the_o queen_n be_v but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n when_o she_o together_o with_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gordon'_v aunt_n afterward_o marry_v to_o count_n morstin_n great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n come_v from_o france_n into_o this_o kingdom_n with_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n queen_n who_o make_v they_o both_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n and_o take_v great_a care_n of_o mademoiselle_fw-fr d'_fw-fr arquien_v be_v very_o ingenious_a marriage_n and_o beautiful_a she_o get_v she_o marry_v first_o to_o prince_n zamoiski_n who_o soon_o leave_v she_o a_o widow_n with_o a_o jointure_n of_o about_o 2000_o l._n a_o year_n she_o be_v afterward_o marry_v in_o casimir_n reign_n to_o john_n sobieski_n than_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n who_o be_v not_o very_o willing_a to_o marry_v she_o until_o the_o king_n promise_v that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o considerable_a place_n which_o he_o according_o do_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o queen_n for_o he_o make_v he_o great_a marshal_n and_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n which_o give_v he_o authority_n and_o interest_n enough_o to_o make_v himself_o afterward_o king_n and_o her_o queen_n so_o that_o this_o marriage_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o his_o rise_n in_o the_o world_n which_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o that_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v divorce_v from_o she_o as_o the_o diet_n will_v have_v persuade_v he_o to_o do_v after_o his_o election_n qualification_n the_o queen_n be_v now_o about_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o age_n though_o she_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v forty_o she_o go_v in_o the_o french_a dress_n as_o all_o the_o polish_v lady_n do_v she_o speak_v almost_o natural_o the_o polish_v tongue_n which_o with_o liar_n sweet_a temper_n refine_a sense_n and_o majestic_a air_n gain_v she_o such_o affection_n with_o the_o pole_n such_o influence_n over_o the_o king_n and_o such_o interest_n always_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o she_o manage_v all_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prudence_n and_o that_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o her_o native_a country_n france_n who_o interest_n she_o general_o espouse_v upon_o most_o occasion_n during_o the_o king_n life_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o he_o do_v not_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n these_o late_a year_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n she_o maintain_v at_o her_o court_n her_o father_n cardinal_n de_fw-fr arquien_v and_o her_o brother_n count_n maligny_n who_o have_v but_o a_o very_a small_a estate_n of_o their_o own_o she_o have_v two_o sister_n one_o be_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o late_a count_n bethune_n who_o be_v ambassador_n from_o france_n in_o poland_n and_o afterward_o die_v in_o his_o embassy_n in_o
which_o they_o eat_v and_o drink_v hearty_o and_o so_o the_o ceremony_n conclude_v these_o sacrifice_n be_v also_o still_o observe_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n in_o several_a place_n of_o lithuania_n and_o russia_n this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n which_o be_v the_o district_n of_o rosienia_n mednick_n and_o poniviess_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a town_n viz._n rosienia_n cap._n mednick_n poniviess_n and_o cowna_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v rosienia_n rosienia_n a_o small_a ill-built_a town_n though_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o province_n of_o samogitia_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n dubiss_n about_o twelve_o polish_v miles_n from_o cowna_n to_o the_o north_n thirty_o from_o riga_n and_o twenty_o seven_o from_o vilna_n to_o the_o west_n mednick_n mednick_n somewhat_o better_o build_v than_o the_o former_a and_o famous_a for_o a_o suffragan's_n see_v belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n this_o town_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n wirwitz_n poniviess_n poniviess_n capital_n only_o of_o the_o district_n of_o that_o name_n cowna_fw-la cowna_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n niemen_n and_o famous_a for_o a_o college_n of_o jesuit_n and_o several_a considerable_a monastery_n this_o town_n be_v former_o much_o frequent_v by_o the_o german_a merchant_n who_o build_v here_o divers_a splendid_a edifice_n both_o with_o stone_n and_o brick_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v since_o imitate_v and_o in_o some_o thing_n excel_v samogitia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o bishop_n starosta_n and_o castellan_n of_o samogitia_n province_n the_o seven_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v volhynia_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o large_a district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o luccoria_n and_o cremen_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n lutzko_n bish_n cap._n of_o luceoria_n vlodimir_n or_o woldzimiers_n krzemenec_n cap._n of_o cremen_n brodi_n olika_n constantinow_n zsbarasz_n ostropium_fw-la wisniovec_fw-fr zaslaw_n basilea_n miedirecz_n rubesow_n dubna_n czartorisk_a olesk_n and_o krilow_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o district_n of_o luceoria_n and_o metropolis_n of_o volhynia_n be_v that_o of_o lutzko_n lutzko_n or_o luzuk_n a_o timber-built_a city_n situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n stir_v near_o a_o lake_n which_o encompass_n part_v of_o the_o castle_n it_o be_v hardly_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o frontier_n of_o red_a russia_n to_o the_o east_n and_o twenty_o from_o leopol_n to_o the_o north-east_n it_o be_v a_o large_a city_n and_o be_v a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o the_o residence_n of_o a_o bishop_n subject_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o gnesna_n the_o cathedral_n and_o chapterhouse_n be_v in_o one_o of_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v two_o build_v on_o adjoin_v hill_n near_o this_o city_n here_o likewise_o reside_v a_o russian_a bishop_n ulodimir_n vlodimir_n a_o wooden_a town_n with_o wooden_a fortification_n and_o build_v among_o the_o marsh_n it_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o lutzko_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o a_o russian_a bishop_n with_o a_o considerable_a jurisdiction_n krzemenec_n krzemenec_n capital_a of_o the_o district_n of_o cremen_n a_o large_a timber_n city_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n and_o mud_n wall_n brodi_n brodi_n a_o town_n build_v by_o stanislaus_n konicepoliski_n castellan_n of_o cracovia_n with_o strong_a fortification_n a_o collegiate_n church_n and_o a_o public_a academy_n olika_n olika_n a_o town_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o radzivil_n adorn_v with_o a_o fair_a cathedral_n and_o academy_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o art_n and_o science_n constantinow_n constantinow_n adorn_v and_o defend_v by_o a_o well-fortified_n castle_n zsbarasz_n zsbarasz_n former_o a_o free_a city_n with_o a_o territory_n or_o district_n of_o its_o own_o but_o now_o subject_a to_o that_o of_o cremen_n volhynia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n the_o palatin_n and_o the_o castellansof_n volhynia_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o province_n of_o volhynia_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a argent_fw-fr and_o azure_a the_o former_a contain_v the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n province_n the_o eight_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v podlachia_n a_o large_a province_n and_o palatinate_n bound_v on_o the_o west_n by_o masovia_n and_o on_o the_o bound_n east_n by_o lithuania_n to_o which_o it_o former_o belong_v till_o sigismundus_n augustus_n in_o the_o year_n 1569_o unite_a it_o to_o poland_n in_o spiritual_a matter_n it_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n but_o as_o to_o temporal_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o byclsko_n drogiczynen_n and_o mielnick_n in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n byelsko_fw-mi cap._n drogiczin_n myelnick_n tykoczin_n knyssin_n augustow_n mordi_fw-la wasilkow_n narew_n bransko_n visokie_n and_o holovacz_n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o capital_a be_v byelsko_n byelsko_n a_o large_a timber-built_a city_n metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n byala_n divide_v it_o from_o lithuania_n it_o be_v castle_n be_v burn_v down_o by_o lightning_n and_o never_o since_o rebuilt_a drogiczin_n drogiczin_n capital_a of_o the_o district_n of_o that_o name_n and_o build_v on_o a_o small_a rise_n near_o the_o river_n bug._n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n wherein_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o gentry_n be_v try_v it_o lie_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o bielsko_n and_o thirty_o from_o warsaw_n myelnick_n mielnick_n a_o town_n on_o the_o bug_n likewise_o only_o famous_a for_o be_v capital_a of_o its_o district_n it_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o drogiczin_n tykoczin_n tykoczin_n a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a upon_o the_o river_n narew_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n be_v surround_v by_o vast_a bog_n and_o defend_v every_o way_n with_o several_a large_a cannon_n here_o part_n of_o the_o king_n treasure_n be_v keep_v and_o here_o likewise_o sigismundus_n augustus_n cause_v money_n to_o be_v coin_v it_o lie_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o byelsko_n and_o forty_o two_o from_o vilna_n knyssin_n knyssin_n a_o wood-built_a town_n seat_v among_o marsh_n and_o wood_n here_o the_o king_n have_v a_o palace_n and_o a_o very_a large_a park_n abound_v with_o dere_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o huge_a fishpond_n replenish_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o freshwater_n fish_n augustow_v augustow_v a_o very_a large_a city_n build_v by_o sigismundus_n augustus_n and_o which_o lie_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o byelsko_n mordi_fw-la mordi_fw-la a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v on_o a_o very_a large_a lake_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o drogiczin_n wasilkow_n wasilkow_n a_o wood-built_a town_n on_o the_o river_n narew_n where_o the_o king_n be_v starosta_n reside_v narew_n narew_n situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o wood_n and_o near_o the_o river_n of_o that_o name_n this_o town_n lie_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o byelsko_n bransko_n bransko_fw-mi build_v on_o the_o river_n nar_n only_o famous_a for_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n hold_v there_o it_o lie_v about_o three_o polish_v miles_n from_o byelsko_n suras_fw-la suras_fw-la a_o town_n build_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o river_n narew_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n which_o command_v the_o town_n podlachia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o palatine_a and_o castellan_n of_o podlachia_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o province_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a argent_fw-fr and_o gules_a in_o the_o former_a the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a a_o eagle_n expanse_v of_o the_o first_o thus_o far_o my_o lord_n have_v i_o trace_v the_o extent_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o division_n of_o its_o province_n and_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o have_v both_o observe_v and_o hear_v to_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o they_o whereby_o your_o lordship_n may_v find_v that_o this_o vast_a kingdom_n be_v not_o so_o contemptible_a as_o we_o of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n have_v imagine_v for_o this_o country_n abound_v with_o all_o necessary_n to_o support_v itself_o both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n without_o the_o help_n of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o have_v it_o be_v as_o well_o improve_v by_o art_n and_o enrich_v by_o trade_n as_o it_o be_v make_v fruitful_a by_o nature_n it_o will_v doubtless_o have_v be_v able_a to_o vie_v with_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o other_o prince_n be_v now_o sensible_a of_o since_o they_o have_v profuse_o spend_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o advance_v either_o themselves_o or_o friend_n to_o that_o crown_n though_o they_o be_v no_o way_n certain_a of_o success_n know_v that_o let_v the_o sum_n they_o spend_v be_v ever_o so_o considerable_a they_o will_v be_v full_o recompense_v when_o they_o obtain_v their_o end_n for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v raise_v as_o
who_o both_o put_v in_o for_o the_o crown_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o have_v little_a or_o no_o interest_n the_o czar_n very_o blunt_o demand_v the_o crown_n or_o upon_o refusal_n threaten_v to_o come_v and_o force_v a_o compliance_n but_o george_n ragozzi_n seem_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o mild_a method_n yet_o though_o he_o offer_v his_o army_n of_o 30000_o man_n to_o the_o republic_n to_o assist_v they_o against_o their_o enemy_n he_o be_v suspect_v to_o have_v design_v it_o against_o they_o but_o at_o length_n the_o threat_n of_o the_o one_o and_o promise_v of_o the_o other_o have_v no_o better_a effect_n than_o that_o they_o be_v both_o equal_o despise_v and_o reject_v oppose_v the_o competitor_n that_o casimir_n expect_v least_o be_v prince_n charles_n ferdinand_n bishop_n of_o breslaw_n in_o silesia_n and_o ploczko_n in_o poland_n who_o solicit_v the_o crown_n for_o his_o brother_n but_o design_v it_o for_o himself_o it_o be_v believe_v he_o have_v write_v into_o sueden_n to_o engage_v the_o queen_n in_o his_o interest_n he_o have_v also_o lend_v a_o million_o to_o raise_v troop_n but_o this_o seem_v no_o extraordinary_a policy_n since_o his_o brother_n prince_n casimir_n have_v before_o be_v declare_a generalissimo_n of_o the_o army_n stanislaus_n zaremba_n bishop_n of_o kiovia_n be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v ferdinand_n this_o bad_a counsel_n think_v if_o he_o can_v advance_v that_o prince_n he_o may_v withal_o procure_v himself_o the_o chief_a dignity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v then_o fourscore_o year_n old_a and_o therefore_o not_o likely_a to_o live_v long_o travel_n prince_n casimir_n have_v always_o show_v a_o uncommon_a virtue_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o love_v war_n and_o have_v ever_o a_o great_a inclination_n for_o travel_n whereupon_o in_o 1638_o he_o embark_v at_o genoa_n for_o spain_n with_o design_n to_o assist_v that_o kingdom_n against_o france_n but_o be_v take_v in_o provence_n he_o be_v keep_v two_o year_n till_o he_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o embassy_n send_v to_o the_o court_n of_o france_n this_o disgrace_n which_o happen_v to_o this_o prince_n do_v not_o hinder_v he_o from_o undertake_v other_o voyage_n for_o in_o 1643_o he_o leave_v poland_n a_o second_o time_n and_o pass_v by_o loretto_n become_v a_o jesuit_n there_o without_o acquaint_v the_o king_n his_o brother_n therewith_o to_o withdraw_v he_o honourable_o from_o this_o company_n and_o prevent_v the_o public_a from_o blame_v his_o inconstancy_n pope_n innocent_a the_o xth_o make_v he_o cardinal_n in_o 1646_o which_o dignity_n casimir_n see_v after_o resign_v for_o his_o brother_n son_n die_v in_o 1647_o and_o his_o brother_n be_v neither_o like_a to_o have_v any_o more_o child_n nor_o to_o live_v long_o he_o prudent_o bethink_v himself_o of_o other_o measure_n wherefore_o in_o 1647_o he_o send_v his_o renunciation_n to_o his_o holiness_n by_o francis_n fredt_n de_fw-fr moulinet_n a_o french_a gentleman_n a_o person_n he_o have_v always_o cherish_v and_o employ_v upon_o divers_a occasion_n and_o who_o approve_a fidelity_n make_v he_o often_o say_v that_o a_o prince_n be_v always_o better_o serve_v by_o stranger_n than_o by_o his_o own_o subject_n this_o retreat_n of_o casimir_n among_o the_o jesuit_n exclude_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n to_o labour_n at_o his_o exclusion_n in_o which_o he_o be_v zealous_o assist_v by_o the_o protestant_n who_o mortal_o hate_v that_o society_n this_o bishop_n likewise_o imagine_v he_o have_v get_v the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o gentry_n on_o his_o side_n who_o seem_v also_o dissatisfy_v with_o the_o jesuit_n but_o he_o be_v not_o a_o little_a mistake_v for_o prince_n casimir_n be_v the_o elder_a and_o king_n vladislaus_n his_o brother_n have_v recommend_v he_o by_o his_o will_n to_o the_o state_n the_o faction_n against_o he_o only_o retard_v his_o election_n for_o a_o few_o day_n the_o senate_n in_o that_o time_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o reconcile_v the_o two_o brother_n the_o 6_o of_o october_n begin_v the_o diet_n of_o election_n where_o almost_o all_o be_v unanimous_a and_o only_o study_v to_o hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o cosack_n first_o john_n de_fw-fr torres_n archbishop_n of_o admit_v adrianople_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n the_o young_a marquis_n of_o grana_n ambassador_n from_o the_o emperor_n the_o count_n of_o arpajou_n ambassador_n extraordinary_n together_o with_o the_o viscount_n of_o bregi_n ambassador_n in_o ordinary_a from_o france_n recommend_v the_o interest_n of_o prince_n casimir_n whereupon_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n john_n tyskiewitz_n bishop_n of_o samogitia_n make_v a_o elegant_a harangue_n in_o his_o behalf_n allege_v the_o case_n of_o casimir_n the_o iid_n who_o have_v retire_v into_o the_o abbey_n of_o clunie_n but_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o exclude_v the_o throne_n the_o next_o day_n the_o minister_n of_o ragozzi_n prince_n 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of_o its_o great_a duke_n and_o description_n of_o its_o chief_a town_n and_o province_n sir_n the_o zeal_n you_o have_v show_v for_o his_o majesty_n service_n in_o your_o ministry_n at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o reputation_n i_o find_v you_o leave_v behind_o you_o in_o those_o place_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o great_a a_o master_n deserve_v not_o only_o the_o repeat_v proof_n of_o his_o usual_a bounty_n and_o the_o choice_n he_o wise_o make_v of_o you_o a_o second_o time_n to_o represent_v his_o royal_a person_n but_o likewise_o the_o esteem_n of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o your_o merit_n to_o pretend_v to_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o any_o state_n in_o europe_n will_v not_o be_v only_o the_o call_n in_o question_n your_o experience_n in_o foreign_a affair_n and_o your_o undoubted_a knowledge_n in_o politic_n but_o likewise_o expose_v my_o own_o judgement_n to_o the_o just_a censure_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o sir_n think_v by_o our_o late_a discourse_n about_o poland_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v new_a to_o you_o but_o what_o be_v either_o very_a remote_a or_o very_a ancient_a i_o will_v endeavour_v only_o to_o give_v what_o i_o know_v of_o the_o origin_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o frontier_n of_o moscovy_n inhabitant_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n litwa_fw-mi though_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o scotland_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n from_o this_o kingdom_n have_v different_a custom_n a_o different_a dialect_n and_o particular_a privilege_n though_o one_o diet_n serve_v they_o both_o it_o lie_v between_o bound_n moscovy_n on_o the_o east_n livonia_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o part_n of_o moscovy_n to_o the_o north_n samogitia_n prussia_n and_o podlachia_n to_o the_o west_n and_o russia_n volhynia_n and_o podolia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o extend_v near_o ninety_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n that_o be_v from_o the_o border_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o livonia_n and_o about_o eighty_o in_o breadth_n from_o the_o river_n niemen_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o the_o time_n of_o extent_n its_o great_a duke_n vitoldus_n it_o be_v of_o much_o large_a extent_n for_o than_o it_o reach_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n to_o almost_o all_o along_o the_o baltic_a product_n this_o province_n be_v a_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n formerly_z all_o overrun_v with_o wood_n and_o of_o which_o a_o great_a number_n still_o remain_v yet_o what_o with_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v enjoy_v ever_o since_o sigismond_n the_o first_o be_v time_n it_o be_v now_o very_o fruitful_a and_o produce_v all_o sort_n of_o grain_n as_o likewise_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n pitch_n tar_n and_o timber_n with_o good_a store_n of_o fish_n and_o flesh_n nevertheless_o the_o air_n be_v general_o unhealthy_a which_o occasion_n many_o place_n to_o be_v little_o inhabit_v and_o some_o quite_o desert_n privilege_n this_o great_a duchy_n be_v only_o begin_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o jagello_n in_o the_o year_n 1386_o for_o though_o that_o union_n be_v afterward_o renew_v at_o grodno_n in_o the_o year_n 1413_o yet_o lithuania_n still_o retain_v its_o own_o proper_a duke_n till_o the_o year_n 1501_o when_o the_o great_a duke_n albert_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o mean_n this_o country_n become_v absolute_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n in_o 1569_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o lithuania_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a law_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v constitute_v a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v commonwealth_n insomuch_o that_o nothing_o of_o importance_n be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o voluntary_a concurrence_n of_o these_o state_n division_n this_o country_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n viz._n 1._o lithuania_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o 2._o lithuanic_n or_o white_a russia_n both_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a palatinate_n and_o those_o again_o into_o district_n and_o all_o of_o they_o may_v be_v proper_o term_v dutchy_n each_o have_v former_o have_v its_o peculiar_a duke_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o lithuania_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a gules_a and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a a_o horse_n in_o full_a career_fw-fr argent_fw-fr with_o a_o warrior_n inside_v proper_a brandish_v a_o sword_n over_o his_o head_n and_o in_o the_o second_o the_o virgin_n mary_n with_o our_o saviour_n in_o her_o arm_n surround_v by_o a_o glory_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o state_n i_o hope_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o life_n and_o most_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o that_o duchy_n samogitia_n etc._n etc._n may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a which_o be_v as_o follow_v call_v lithuania_n as_o guagnini_n think_v take_v its_o name_n from_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o first_o prince_n thereof_o palaemon_n leave_v italy_n on_o account_n of_o nero_n tyranny_n he_o together_o with_o several_a of_o his_o countryman_n flee_v by_o a_o long_a voyage_n into_o these_o part_n where_o after_o some_o time_n have_v be_v salute_v prince_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o he_o call_v their_o country_n after_o the_o name_n of_o his_o own_o la_fw-fr italia_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o mix_v with_o the_o idiom_n of_o those_o barbarian_n may_v as_o he_o say_v have_v degenerate_v into_o lithuania_n other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v so_o name_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n littus_n a_o shoar_n because_o say_v they_o this_o prince_n settle_v along_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n before_o opinion_n he_o descend_v into_o lithuania_n to_o confirm_v this_o prince_n expedition_n into_o this_o country_n there_o be_v several_a italian_a and_o latin_a word_n intermix_v with_o its_o present_a language_n as_o likewise_o most_o of_o the_o noble_a family_n have_v great_a similitude_n with_o the_o roman_a name_n though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n be_v altogether_o sclavonian_n notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n hartknoch_n with_o several_a other_o positive_o affirm_v that_o this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o littuo_fw-la one_o of_o the_o alani_n a_o certain_a duke_n therefore_o long_o before_o palaemon_n voyage_n so_o that_o from_o littuo_fw-la alanus_fw-la they_o call_v his_o country_n littualania_n which_o afterward_o be_v contract_v to_o lithuania_n palamon_n palaemon_n first_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o roman_a patricii_fw-la after_o have_v undergon_v great_a danger_n and_o