his crown very bare unction and the like They vow perpetual chastity and abstinence from flesh Nor hath he that is once enter'd ever any hopes to get out again The Monastery of Troitza is said to have had near an hundred thousand Rubbles per ann in revenue It is built like a Castle having walls of stone regularly fortified and stored with Cannon and the ordinary number of Religious besides their officers and servants were about seven hundred They have also Nunneries of several orders Some admit only noble widows and maids others promiscuously but this is universally observed that none that are once enter'd do ever return to their secular condition The Emperor having continued with his wife twenty years without having issue by her thrust her into a Nunnery where after two months she was brought-a-bed but could not for all that go out of the Nunnery The History of the Princes of Russia THE Russes have the same vanity that the Romans and most other Nations have had to deduce their original either from Gods or the most famous of men Whereby how much honour soever themselves think to have obtained so much do other Nations think they have lost of truth Some Authors derive them from Augustus Cesar Ivan Vasilowich the learnedst of all the Russes and who had reason to be best informed told an English Goldsmith smiling because the Emperor had said that all Russes were theeves that he was not a Russ but a German and that their family came from Beala a famous King of Hungary More particulars of this we know not as neither who when or upon what occasion they came nor who were their successors But it is certain the Imperial Family was commonly called the House of Beala Others say that the first Governors were three brethren Rurich Sinaux and Truvor of the Varegi But who those Varegi were or what Country they inhabited 't is uncertain as is also the time of their coming which some say was ann 752 others 861. And of these Rurich setled at Novogrod Truvor at Plescow and Sinaux at Bielioser these two last dying without issue Rurich succeeded and left the whole dominion to his son Igor Igor married Olga and fighting with the Drewlians was taken by them and beheaded Olga afterwards defeated and destroyed these Drewlians went to Constantinople was baptized and took the name of Helena about the year 876 brought Christianity into Russia and died with the opinion of sanctity and her anniversary day is July 11. Suetoslaw when he came to age succeeded his father and Jeropolick him Next after him was Wolodomir concerning whom we have something of certainty Zonaras saith that in the time of Basilius the Emperor there was a Bishop sent from Constantinople to convert the Russes I think his name was Leo The Russes would not believe except they saw a miracle whereupon the Bishop threw the book of the Gospels into the fire and after a long time took it out unblemish'd and this was the beginning of the conversion of the Russes but their solemn receiving it was not till 988 when their Prince Wolodomir marrying Anna Sister of Basilius and Constantine was converted baptized and changed his name into Basilius He is by them look'd upon as their Apostle and they celebrate his Festival July 15. he died in 1015. This man removed the Metropolis of the Nation from Kiow to Wolodomir He had many children who fought and slew one another two Borissus and Chlebus are for their holy lives and unjust deaths accounted holy Martyrs and their day is July 24. Sewoldus Coras some call him Jeroslaws after many wars subdued his brethren and obtained the government He was follow'd by his son Wolodomir surnamed Monomachus but others say he was called Jeroslaw or fair bank because he built that City Saxo Grammaticus saith that he married the daughter of Harold King of England He was a potent Prince and kept very good correspondence with the Emperors of Constantinople But it is to be noted that the actions of this are confounded with those of the other Wolodomir They say he died ann 1146 which is not probable if he was the husband of that Lady who followed and is not set down till 1237 when reigned George by some called Gregory call'd by some Szeveloditz others make Wszevolod to be the father and George his son George was ann 1237 slain by Batus a Tartarian Prince who subjected the whole country to the Tartars ordering that the Tartars should from time to time chuse the Princes of Moskow that when they sent their Ambassador the Prince should go to meet and wait upon him on foot offering a platter of Mares-milk that if the Tartar let any of it fall upon the main of his horse the Prince should lick it up and that he should bare-headed and on foot give the Tartars horse his provender out of his cap but the most grievous was that the Tartar had a house and a guard in the Castle of Moskow Michael succeeded his brother and was also slain by the same Tartar Next was Alexander his son and then his son Danielou or Daniel surnamed Caleta He transferred the Imperial Seat to Moskow and called himself Great Duke of Muscovia c. some say by the authority of Inocent IV about ann 1246. Some place after him George Danielowitz Caleta who they say was slain by Demetri Michaelowitz who was kill'd by the Tartars Other place next to Daniel his son Ivan chosen by Zanabeck the Crim-Tartar who favoured him so much that he abated some part of the slavery imposed upon the Tzars His son Ivan Ivanowitz succeeded and was wholly subject to the Tartars Demetri Ivanowitz was his son who refused to pay tribute to the Tartars making a fierce war upon Mamai Kan and gained a very bloody victory the earth for thirteen miles together being cover'd with carcases But Tachtanisk Kan in another battel slew Demetri and renewed the power of the Tartars over the Russes Vasili Demetriwitz follow'd ann 1357 who chased the Tartars out of Russia and conquer'd Bulgaria beyond the Wolga Being jealous of his wife Anastasia he disinherited his son Vasili and gave the Empire to his brother George who at his death restor'd it from his own sons to the right heir But those sons making war upon Vasili took him prisoner and put out his eyes therefore was he call'd Vasili Ciemnox or dark But the Boiars being faithful to him he reigned peaceably till his death and left the Empire to his son Ivan Vasilowich surnamed Grotzdyn who was the first that gave lustre and fame to the obscure name of the Russes For taking away the Dukedoms and Governments from his Uncles who accounted themselves absolute in their dominions he united the whole Nation in his own person and call'd himself Tzaar or as they pronounce it Tzar that is King He married Mary daughter to Michael Duke of Tweria some say Severia or Severski and presently after chaced him out of his
of Poland and its Dukes may be distinguish'd into four Classes or Orders of Succession The first contains a Catalogue of the Dukes of Poland as follows A. D. 700 Lechus the First Who built the City Gnesna in the place where he found an Eagles Nest and therefore gave it this name from Gniazdo which in the Polish language signifies a Nest hence also the Arms of Poland are an Eagle Their own Historians are not agreed about his extraction whether he was a Native or Croatian nor about the time in which he reigned some affirming that it was about the year of our Lord 550 others almost an hundred years later and both parties speaking only by conjecture Nor lastly are they agreed about the children he left behind him but they generally acknowledg that upon the faileur of his off-spring the people made choice of twelve Palatines for their Rulers calling them Woiewodes i. e. Captains of War and the Country being divided into twelve parts each had his peculiar Province But when they began to cherish private feuds to the embroilment of the Commonwealth and thereby also invited their ill-affected neighbours to fall upon them the people were constrained to seek their peace and safety in a Monarchy And with much solicitation perswaded Cracus a person of great fortune and interest amongst them to take upon him the entire Government which he managed with singular prudence and success He or his Subjects after his decease in remembrance of his vertues built a new City upon the side of the Weissel which from his name was called Cracow or Cracovia and made the Metropolis of the Kingdom His younger son Lechus II succeeded him having first slain his elder brother to make way for himself but the murther being detected he was deposed and banish'd 750 After him reigned his sister Wenda who chose rather to rule alone then to be wife to a King After she had repulsed Ridigerus a German Prince who not being able either by intreaty or force to obtain her in marriage killed himself for shame and grief lest any adverse chance should sully her honour she leapt from the bridge at Cracow into the Weissel Twelve Palatines again 760 Premislaus or Lescus the First He was a Goldsmith and created King because he had by an unusual stratagem overthrown the Hungarians and Moravians he died without issue 804 Lescus II. The Polish Nobility having agreed to ride a Race for the Government one of the Competitors strowed galltraps tribulos in the way and thereby so disabled all the horses save his own which he had shod for the purpose that he won the prize The cheat being discover'd he was torn in pieces by them and this Lescus a poor obscure man who out-ran the rest on foot from being the scorn of the multitude was by the popular applause saluted Prince He always after kept by him the course clothes he had formerly worn to mind him of his original 810 Lescus III. 815 Popielus I. 830 Popielus II. He is reported to have been eaten up by Mice thro Gods judgment as is conceiv'd for the murders committed by him For he is said to have poyson'd all his kindred that he might unite the Slavonian Principalities to his own Dukedom The second Classis of which there is much more certainty then of the former contains the following Princes 843 Piastus Rusticus a Citizen of Cruswic of noted hospitality and charity 861 Ziemovitus 892 Lescus IV. 913 Ziemomyslus 964 Mieceslaus The first Christian King He was born blind and in the seventh year of his age when at a publick banquet his name was to be given him received his sight He founded the two Archbishopricks of Gnesna and Cracovia with divers Bishopricks and gave the tythes of the whole Kingdom by a perpetual Edict to the Clergy 999 Boleslaus I. He received the Title of King from Otho III. Emperor of Germany his predecessors being no more than Dukes of Poland 1025 Mieceslaus II. Casimirus I. Driven out of Poland in his minority by factions occasioned from his mothers ill government He travel'd thro Hungary Germany Italy and at last in France was made Religious and Deacon in the Benedictine Convent at Cluny was invited thence to the Crown by the Poles who to procure the Popes dispensation for his Vow condscended to a perpetual tribute of an obolus per head upon all the Commonalty for the maintaining Lamps to burn in St. Peters Church at Rome called hence Peter-pence 1059 Boleslaus II. surnamed the Bold he murther'd Stanislaus Archbishop of Cracow as he was officiating at the Altar for which he was excommunicated and deposed by Pope Gregory VII His successors too were deprived of the Title of King the Bishops being forbid to anoint any of them which continued for 213 years till the time of Premislaus 1082 Vladislaus I. 1103 Boleslaus Krzywousci or the wry-mouthed He is recorded to have been a victor in forty Battels but being forced to retreat out of the field at his last battel against the Russians he dyed for grief 1140 Vladislaus II. 1146 Boleslaus IV. surnamed the Curld 1174 Miecislaus the Old So called for his prudence tho but a young man He was deposed by reason of his evil Counsellors and twice by his cunning regain'd the Kingdom 1178 Casimirus II. This Prince having receiv'd a box on the ear from one of his Pages whose money he had won at play acquitted the boy saying That the Lad was transported with the loss of his money and that he himself had been justly punished for prostituting his Dignity 1195 Lescus the White 1199 Miecislaus the Old again Lescus the White again 1202 Mieceslaus the Old a third time 1203 Vadislaus Lasconogus or small-shank'd 1206 Lescus the White a third time In his reign the Teutonick Knights or Knights of the Cross took footing in Prussia being call'd in by his brother Conradus Duke of Masovia and Cujavia to assist him against the Prussians 1226 Boleslaus IV. surnamed the Chast because he never knew his wife all the while he was married to her In his time the Polanders received so great an overthrow from the Tartars that the right ears only of the slain fill'd nine large sacks 1279 Lescus the Black During his reign the Tartars made another inundation into Poland and carried away so many captives that 't is said above 21000 virgins were counted amongst them at the division of their booty the men they generally murder'd and poisoning their hearts cast them into the waters from whence sundry new diseases were occasioned amongst others some say the Plica Polonica 1295 Premislaus He reigned seven months and in that time re-assumed the title of King being crown'd by the Archbishop of Gnesna 1296 Vladislaus Lochius So called from the shortness of his stature Lokiek signifying an Ell. 1300 Wenceslaus the Bohemian 1305 Vladislaus Lochius again 1333 Casimirus surnamed the Great and the last of the family of Piasti to whom Poland owes all its beauty grandeur and
commonly retires thither to hunt In the Town are reckon'd near thirty thousand inhabitants East of this is the City and Principality of Wolodomir Wolodomir which was anciently the Metropolis of all the Russes till Ivan or Danislow built Moskow and translated the seat of the Empire thither more out of danger of the invasion of the Tartars The soil so fruitful that it renders frequently thirty for one The City is the second in the Empire for greatness and was built by Wolodomir one of the chief Founders of the Empire in 928. Some say that he married Helena the daughter of Niceph. Phocas but the Chronology will hardly permit it East of Wolodomir is the City and Province of Nisi-Novogrod in Dutch Nisen Nieugarten or little Novogrod Nisi-Novogrod some call it Novogrod the lower or in the low Countries a Country very fruitful and pleasant This Province also is the utmost limits of Christianity for tho the Grand Tzar have some dominions East of it even as far as the River and Castle Sura yet are most of the inhabitants there Czremiss and Mordwitz Tartars and follow Mahomet The City is in 56 deg 28 min. it is situated at the confluence of the Rivers Occa and Volga which being join'd make a River of four hundred Geometrical feet broad It is inhabited by Russes and Germans who had here the exercise of the Reformed Religion There is also a famous Church built above six hundred years ago in imitation of that of St. Sophia in Constantinople All provisions are exceedingly cheap Here is a very strong Castle cut out of the main Rock with very great charge and trouble by the Grand Tzar Vasilie Ivanowich Near to this is Vasiligrod Vasiligrod at 55 deg 51 min. where the Sura falls into the Volga between Novogrod and Cazan Bezvodna Kadniza Rubotka Tzetschina Targinits Jurkin Masa Kremonki Parmino besides others are large Villages in this Province Spessabelka Stoba Welikopat Tsimonskoy and Dioploy are considerable Islands in the Rivers The Principality of Casinow is also near to this Casinow The inhabitants speak the Tartar language All their women go with their heads uncover'd and dy the nails of their fingers black Wiatka or Viathka a Province City Wiatka and River of the same name lies North of Nisi-Novogrod it is a barren marish Country Vasilie took it from the Tartars and annexed it to his Crown and Titles yet the Tartars still lurk and steal what they can about and amongst the Russes In this Province are the Towns of Chilinova Orlo Cotenicz and Sloboda Amongst those Countries live the Czremisses and Mordwa-Tartars Czremisses and Mordwa-Tartars Their Customs are not much different save that the Mordwitz have some few more houses Those on the right hand of the Wolga they call Nagorni Mountainiers those on the other Lugowi or inhabitants of the plain and grassy Countries There are amongst them some Mahumetans but the greatest part are Heathen who believe that there is one eternal God and evil Angels also which they endeavour to pacifie lest they should do them harm and this is a great part of their Religion Not far from Casan is a River called Nemda to which they go in pilgrimage where as also in a Brook hard by the Nemda called Schokshem they think the Devil dwells This Brook hath not above four foot water but never freezeth whence they conceive such fancies that they dare not approach at too near a distance and then also with presents lest the Devil should be angry with and kill them tho they see the Russes have not the least apprehensions of any such danger When they sacrifice they kill an Horse Cow or Sheep and hang the skin upon a pole between two trees they rost or boil the flesh part of which they take in one hand and Mead or some other beverage in the other and throw it into the fire before the skin praying the skin to take care of presenting their prayers and requests to God which are only for conveniencies of this life They worship also the Sun and Moon and what they dream of in the night but have neither Temple Priest nor Service Their language is peculiar to themselves tho being under the Grand Tzar many of them now speak the Russ If a rich man dy they kill his best Horse to serve him in the next world but his nearest friends eat him Polygamy is frequent amongst them but if a wife be without children three years they dismiss her and take another and often the sister of a former wife Their women are wrapp'd rather then habited in white Cloth which leaves nothing of them seen but their faces those who are betrothed have on their heads a Coif with a point half an ell long whereat hangs a bell The men shave their heads All of them men and women are very swift and excellent Archers The Mordwitz have a kind of a Governor or Captain of their own but they are all subject to the Grand Tzar whom they are obliged to assist in all his wars but pay him no tribute except what presents they voluntarily send him Resan is situated betwixt Occa and Don Resan or Tanais which riseth in this Country near to it is the City of Colunna Columna or Colon but the chiefest City of Resan is also called Resan upon the Occa near the Isle of Strub which heretofore was a Government of it self This Province is the most fruitful in all Russia if not in the world if they romance not too much who say that one grain produceth many stalks each stalk many ears that it grows so thick and strong that an Horse can very difficultly pass thro it or a Quail fly out of it they till every year but never manure their land The fruits also here are very good the people also very couragious civil and liberal towards strangers The Province is able to send fifteen thousand Cavaliers to the wars and forty thousand foot In this Province are great Towns Corsira or Cassier formerly head of a Province of its own name Tulla on the edge of the great Desart it hath a strong stone Castle built by the Grand Tzar Basilius who took it by force from the Prince that had the right and dominion of it Odoiow where Tulla and Vppa flow into the Occa. Near to this was Msczeneck a strong Fort but now ruined Thereabouts live a few poor people in their Huts who refuge themselves in the great Marshes which take up all that Country upon the invasion of the Tartars Colluga famous for its wooden Ware Czirpac near to which are Iron-Mines the only sort of Mines in all Muscovy And Worotin a small Province all upon the Occa as also the Towns of Cazigorod and Murina This River breeds the best fish and watereth the richest meadows in all Russia We have not yet spoken of Leucomoria Loppia and some other Countries upon the Ob and the North Sea because part of
always ready to defend themselves for they fight not willingly if the enemy should charge them To prevent their mischief the inhabitants have always either their own dwellings fortified or have a Town or the Landlords Mannor-house or a thick wood to which they retire in such hazards The Cossacks where they live fill their grounds full of trenches and hedges to hinder their march They also keep very diligent watches both beyond and upon the river that they may have timely notice of their invasion Then if they cannot overtake them they repair to the known passages of which there are not many thro the Nieper and there as well as they can ambush themselves to surprize them at their return as they do many times and recover much of the prey After they are return'd into a safe place of their own deserts they put themselves in order and divide the prey And first consideration is had of them who have lost their horses in the service as also of the kinred of them who are slain next the Cham after him the Officers take their share the rest is divided amongst the soldiers The richest of their prey are the persons they take and of all them the most esteem'd are the Polish women especially virgins who are sold at very great rates even into Persia and India to be put into their Seraglio's But the Tartars of Budziack have another maneer of stealing The Tartars of Budziack They are less civil but more valiant then other Tartars The country betwixt Danubius and Boristhenes was sometimes under the Crim-Tartar till the Turk planted Towns upon the convenient places of the Sea-coast and along the rivers Yet is the country still possessed by Tartars yet not subjects either to the Turk or Crim but as the Cossacks amongst the Christians a Nation of theeves and banditi libertines that in their lives acknowledg no superior either God or man These many times invade their neighbours in summer but with lesser numbers twenty thousand at most lest they should be discovered because the Cosacks are continually upon the guard even in these places they march to their rendezvous which they appoint in some valley or obscure places upon the confines in very small parties lest they should be descried by treading down the grass They observe the the same manner in the enemies country appointing certain places for their meetings and separating again presently So that it is very difficult to meet with a track but if the Cosacks do happen upon such a one as will lead them to the place of rendezvous yet except they surprize them eating or sleeping which is very difficult because they keep such diligent sentinels they know not afterwards which track to follow to overtake them again The Tartars first divide into four bodies which march east west north and south After they have gone a little way each troop subdivides again into three and after that each troop into three again so that at length they have not above ten or twelve together and tho some take further compass then others yet all know the time and place of meeting which according to the occasion is after three four or more days If they chance to be rencountred with the enemy except they have very great advantage they fight him not but divide after their manner and run away full-speed yet shooting still if pursued nor are the horses of Poland or any other able to overtake them After they have thus dispersed for some leagues they join again and follow their design All Authors take notice also of a great advantage they have over other Nations that they can see better and farther insomuch that a Tartar will discern a single Russ further then a Russ can a troop of Tartars which they attribute partly to their natural constitutions that they have little hollow eyes partly to their custom that they use continually to half-close their eye-lids When they would swim a river each gets him a bundle of reeds sedges bulrushes or the like about three foot long upon which they tye three or four sticks across and two or three long-ways upon these they make fast their saddle clothes arms and such baggage as they have the bundle they make fast to their horses tail so that from a convenient low bank they go into the river holding in one hand the bridle of their horse with the other swimming themselves Sometimes the Cosacks seek them in their own country and then they march always in their Tabor that is in the middle of their chariots and send out sentinels on every side at a good distance If they first espy the Tartars they leave their Tabor and fall upon them and commonly have the advantage but if the Tartars first see the Cosacks they assault them in their Tabor but at a distance with their arrows which tho they reach further then the Cosacks guns yet is their Tabor so good a defence that fifty Cosacks will not fly from five hundred Tartars Typus Generalis UKRAINAE sive PALATINATUUM PODOLIAE KIOVIENSIS et Braczlaviensis terras nova declinatione exhibens Vrbs Antiquâ—m Christianâ—m Oppidum Turcae Pagus Ruinae Fons Fl … ia Signum quo Fl … ia decurrit Pagi Tartarum Homaijbiorum G. Mons Mâ—lendiâ—â—â— â— Transitus OF THE BORISTHENES AND THE Cosacks of Ukrain WE have spoken before in general of the Boristhenes as far as it continues in the Grand Tzars dominions wherein is nothing observable but what Cities and Towns are upon it which appear sufficiently by the Map But now we come to speak of the remainder which is betwixt the dominions of Poland and the Tartars which affordeth us greater variety of matter We have also treated in general of the Cosacks and of those who live upon the Tanais and are under the Muscovite but we now come to the great body of them who first assumed that name and inhabit upon or near the Boristhenes and are or were lately under the Polanders We begin with Kiow the place of the original of these valiant people the Cosacks Kiow Kisovia of Kijovia was an ancient beautiful and strong City even before it was the Metropolis of the Russes Mieceslaus their Duke having married the daughter of the Prince of the Polowtzi and assisting them was himself slain in the battel and the Town afterwards quite ruin'd which was the reason why Volodomir deeply engaged in that war but escaping made Volodomir the seat of the Russ-Empire Kiow was situated upon an hill near the Nieper where still remain the ruines of many Arcades high walls Churches and Sepultures of divers Kings ancienter then those of the russ-Russ-Princes with Greek inscriptions There remain in reasonable good condition two Churches S. Sophia whose walls are lined with excellent Mosaick work and the vault is earthen pots cemented and filled with good plaister And S. Michael most conspicuous for its guilded roof Betwixt this and the Nieper is New Kiow along the bank of the river
the Swedish Nation had made a law amongst his subjects that if any of them kill'd or injur'd a Swede he should pay only half the mulct which was to be pay'd if he had done the like to any other person whatsoever 33. Atislus a warlike and magnificent King 34. Hotherus who waged war with the Danes and Russes and died of a wound he received in battel 35. Rodericus King of Denmark and Swedland at the same time but either leaving or loosing the former he retir'd into the latter and there ended his days 36. Attilus who kill'd Wermundus King of Denmark in single Duel and was himself afterwards slain by Wermundus's two sons After this Kings time the succession for about 600 years was much interrupted who enjoy'd the Kingdom is uncertain Botvildus Charles II Ericus II and six more are mention'd but little more known of them then their names He whom Historians first pitch upon to have certainly succeeded was 46. Alricus who challenging Gestiblindus King of the Goths to Duel thereby lost both his life and Kingdom 47. Ericus III surnamed the Wise and by some the Eloquent a happy and peaceable Prince He reign'd according to Johannes Magnus's computation about four and thirty years before our Saviours Birth A Catalogue of the Gothish Kings who reigned shortly after their Transmigration out of Scandia while they dwelt about the Palus Maeotis near the time of the Trojan War collected out of Wolf Lazius upon whose credit you are to take them 1. Telephus well known for his exploits in the Trojan War 2. Bericus or Beger 3. Filimar 4. Frogradus 5. Aringis 6. Eurypilus 7. Tamyris 8. Antriregus After this succession of Kings in Scythia Europea the Goths either weary of that Country or driven out of it by some of their potent Neighbours are said by the same Author though I find not his opinion seconded by any Swedish writer to have returned into Gothia and particularly to have pitch'd upon the Isle Gotland as the fittest seat for their Kings a long series of whom might seem not very necessary to be set down being for the most part the same with the Swedish Kings before mention'd 48. Haldanus in whose reign the Hunns overrun Gothia and the greatest part of the Kings dominions built Hunnaberg an ancient City in Ostro-Gothia and after some continuance in the Country were by this King at last utterly expell'd 49. Sivardus or Sigvardus in whose time commotions arising in the Kingdom the Goths elected a separate King of their own nam'd Carolus whom some make to be 50. Charles III. 51. Ericus IV. slain by Haldanus King of Denmark 52. Haldanus who got the Kingdom by his valour Of this King are reported several prodigious Stories as of his Gigantick stature his pulling up Trees by the roots and such like not inferiour to those which Poets relate of Hercules and the Giants 53. Vngvinus who to his own Kingdom united Gothia for a long time govern'd by distinct Kings 54. Ragvaldus or Regnaldus 55. Amundus 56. Haquinus in whose reign the Goths elected one Sivardo King of Gothia 57. Ostenus I. who entertain'd an implacable hatred against the Norwegians sent a great Army against them subdued their Country made the Inhabitants Tributary to the Swedish Crown and as an opprobrium to the Nation set a Dog to be chief Governour over them to which they were to pay all subjection and swear allegiance under the penalty of losing one hand and one foot this is mention'd both in the Swedish and Norwegian Chronicles 58. Alverus or Alaricus elected says Krantzius out of the Nobles and in the midst of his happy Reign stabb'd by his Brother Ericus who was impatient to obtain the Crown which he thought he might procure after his death but vainly for the Government was conferr'd on 59. Ingo I. eldest son to Alverus He was the first that order'd the election of Kings to be held at Moresten near Vpsal of the manner of which see what was said in Suecia About this time the Kingdom was governed by Judges the next King is 60. Ingellus I. kill'd by his Brother 61. Germunder in a war against Denmark taken Prisoner and hung up upon a Gibbet 62. Haquinus 63. Egellus after whose time succeeded several Kings Johannes Magnus reckons twenty concerning whom nothing very remarkable is set down by Historians The next great Epocha is counted from the reign of 84. Bero or Biorno III. the first Christian King in Sweden converted to Christianity by one Herebretus at his request sent to him by Charles the Great Emperor of Germany 85. Brautamundus or Amundus in some civil commotions in his Kingdom kill'd by his brother and Successor 86. Sivardus II. who in his expeditions against Norway was with the greatest part of his Army overcome in battel the enemies Forces mostly consisting of Women 87. Herotus or Haraldus 'twixt whom and the King of Denmark a war broke out concerning the Province of Schonen which this King at last freely granted to the King of Denmark as a reward of his signal prudence and valour 89. Charles VI. 90. Biorno IV. 91. Ingellus II. in whose time Helsingia and several other Provinces in Suecia had their distinct Governours these he under colour of friendship invited to a Banquet and when he had made them drunk with strong Liquors he caus'd a fire to be set on the place where they were and so destroy'd them all and seiz'd on their possessions To revenge this cruelty Gramus Duke of Sudermannia and Hauno Duke of Ostro-Gothia rais'd Forces and came against him but with no good success at last for under pretence of a Parley they were taken Prisoners and at Ingellus's command burnt to death 92. Olaus from his commanding many thick woods to be cut down surnam'd Tratelia or Tree-Feller He is said by some to have embrac'd Christianity at the perswasion of Ansgarius a Learned Bishop sent into Sweden by Lewis II. Emperor of Germany But though he himself perhaps did favour Christian Religion it got small footing amongst his Subjects for Paganism is said for a long time to have prevail'd in the Reigns of the succeeding Princes 93. Ingo II. 94. Ericus VI. surnam'd Windy-Cap who is said to have had a Cap by holding up of which he could cause the wind to blow from what Point he pleas'd for which and such like magical exploits he by the consent of the people was elected King 95. Ericus VII surnam'd Victorious 96. Ericus VIII surnam'd Aarsel i.e. Rich in Corn. He is said to have countenanc'd Christianity which had been from the time of Bero 'till his reign very much suppress'd and endeavouring by Law to establish it in his Kingdom to have been by the fury of his Subjects torn in pieces and martyr'd for his good intentions toward them 97. Olaus surnam'd Scotkonung i.e. Infant-King because advanc'd to the Crown when young He embrac'd Christianity and sent to Ethelred King of England to furnish him with able Ministers
the Reader for the Terra Sigillata found here in great quantities Reichenbach Polckenhahn Landeshut Freyberg Friedberg Fridland Zobten Waldberg and Gottesberg 3. Brieg BRIEG or Brig has its name from the Polish word Berega which signifies an exceeding high bank of a River such as this City is seated on The streets here are uniform enough and the houses generally built of stone St. Nicholas's Church is an high and stately old Fabrick beautified with two Towers and built after the ancient Franckish mode This whole City excepting only some few publick buildings was laid in ashes by the Hussites who overran a great part of Bohemia and Silesia in the year 1428. In the Dukedom of Brieg are reckon'd the Towns of Strelen Olau Nimptsch Pitschen Creutzburg Loben Michelau and little Oelsse The two Mine-Towns of Reichenstein and Silberberg are jointly subject to the Dukes of Brieg and Lignitz who are both of the same Family and descended from the ancient Hereditary Kings of Poland 4. Monsterberg MONSTERBERG or Munsterberg so called from the Monastery built in this place by the Emperor Henry the first the Founder of this City is seated not far from the head of the River Ola in a pleasant and fruitful plain The Town is neither large nor strong and has nothing in it of note but the School an old Castle and a fair Town-Hall In this Dukedom are the Towns of Franckenstein and Warta to which some Historians and Geographers are pleased to add Hainrichau Tepliwoda and Kamentz 5. OPPELEN is seated in a sandy and dry Oppelen but fruitful Country 'T is subject to the King of Poland who prevail'd with the Emperor to withdraw all his Forces and Subjects hence in the year 1647. Since which time the Citizens of Oppelen and all the Rusticks in the Villages near it speak the Polish language If strong Gates and thick Walls were proof against modern sieges this Town were sufficiently provided against the assaults of an Enemy but otherwise its fortifications are very mean and inconsiderable Among the many Towns and Villages in this Dukedom the most remarkable are little Glogaw Neustat Kosel Beudten Gleibitz Tost Strehlitz Falckenberg Zultz Rosenberg Lublinitz and Schurgast IX The Cities and Dukedoms of GROTKAW JEGERNDORF TROPPAU RATIBOR and TESCHEN CROTKAW is a City of no great 〈◊〉 bulk as its name seems to intimate but so well seated that 't is a proverb in this Country 'T is as impossible as for a Grotkawer to starve or freeze The reason of which expression is grounded upon each Burger's having a plentiful share in the adjacent Corn-fields and neighbouring Woods Most of the Houses in the Town are Wood-buildings only the Church Bishop's Palace and the Town-Hall are of stone The Dukedom of Grotkaw is subject to the King of Bohemia tho sometimes its Lieutenant is a Polander and contains in it the Cities of Neisse a place of great traffick Otmachau Wansen Ziegenhals Freywald Hozenplotz Jawernick Kaltenstein Patschkau Oyest Weidau and Zackmantel The great trade of this Country especially the Citizens of Neisse is in making and selling to the Merchants of Bohemia and Poland a sort of strong and durable Linnen-Cloth for Beds and Bolsters 2. JAGERNDORF Jagerndorf Which signifies in the German language a Village inhabited by Huntsmen and had its name probably from the abundance of all manner of Game in the neighbouring Woods The Moravians call this Town Carnowf whence the Dukedom is ordinarily by Latin Authors nam'd Ducatus Carnoviensis and a Citizen of this place Carnowfsky from the ancient Arms of the City which are a pair of Horns between two great Stones This City with the small Dukedom which bears its name was given by Ludowic King of Hungary and Bohemia to George Marquise of Brandenburg who was at the charges of building the Castle and erecting the other little fortifications that defend the Town DUCATUS SILESIAE GROTGANUS cum Districtu Episcopali NISSENSI To John Nicholls Esq of Trewane in Cornwall this Mapp is Humbly Dedicated by Moses Pitt Notularum Explicatio Vrbs Arx Pagus cum Templo Pagus nobilis Pagus Episcopalis Commenda COMITATUS GLATZ Notae Vrbs Oppidum Pagus cum templo Vicus Arx Auri et argenti fordinae Mons Notabilis Kohloruben Holtz fluesse The inhabitants of these and all other Towns and Villages in the Dukedom observe the same Laws with the Moravians For which reason the greatest part of them have often endeavour'd to associate themselves to the Marquisate of Moravia and renounce all dependance upon the great Dukedom of Silesia but have always been opposed by the Citizens of Troppau who have still been zealous to continue members of their ancient Body 4. RATIBOR is seated in a pleasant plain about six German miles from Oppelen We have no account of it before the year of Christ 1164 so that most Geographers venture to say that 't was built about that time The private dwelling Houses of the Citizens are as in most parts of Silesia generally wooden buildings but the Duke's Palace Cathedral and some other publick buildings are of stone There is still in the City one Popish Monastery and formerly the Jesuits had a great footing in it but since the Reformation that sort of Cattel were driven out of their Harbors The Dukedom of Ratibor which contains the Towns of Oderberg Sora Ribenick Pilzowitz and Mieslowitz was formerly governed by a Duke of its own but upon the death of Duke Valentinus its last Prince who died without issue in the year 1516 it became more immediately subject to the King of Bohemia 5. 〈◊〉 TESCHEN or Tessin is one of the oldest Cities in Silesia said to have been built by Cessimir or Gessimir Son of Lescus III. Duke of Poland A. D. 810 and from him to have had its first name which has since been corrupted into Tessin It is seated on the confines of Silesia Moravia Poland and Hungary whence it comes to pass that its Citizens speak a medly of languages hardly intelligible to any but themselves They have here great store of all sorts of Venison and wild Fowl the Vistula and Elsa afford them plenty of Fish and the Hungarian Merchants bring them in daily vast quantities of Wine Fruit and other Commodities of that Country At one of their Churches they have weekly Divine Service and a Sermon in the Bohemian language and at another the like in High Dutch for of these two Nations the Burgers chiefly consist Here is brew'd Beer of two sorts the one with Wheat and the other with ordinary Barly Malt the latter of these they call Matznotz a sort of drink pleasant enough but mighty strong and heady which too often on their Market-days makes the poor Rusticks commit several outrages and disorders in the height of their jollity In this Dukedom there are several high mountains whereof two Rows are more especially remarkable and taken notice of by Geographers and Historians The first of these are those on the